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Frances L, Croyal M, Ruidavets JB, Maraninchi M, Combes G, Raffin J, de Souto Barreto P, Ferrières J, Blaak EE, Perret B, Moro C, Valéro R, Martinez LO, Viguerie N. Identification of circulating apolipoprotein M as a new determinant of insulin sensitivity and relationship with adiponectin. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:973-980. [PMID: 38491190 PMCID: PMC11216985 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01510-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adiponectin is one of the rare adipokines down-regulated with obesity and protects against obesity-related disorders. Similarly, the apolipoprotein M (apoM) is expressed in adipocytes and its expression in adipose tissue is associated with metabolic health. We compared circulating apoM with adiponectin regarding their relationship with metabolic parameters and insulin sensitivity and examined their gene expression patterns in adipocytes and in the adipose tissue. METHODS Circulating apoM and adiponectin were examined in 169 men with overweight in a cross-sectional study, and 13 patients with obesity during a surgery-induced slimming program. Correlations with clinical parameters including the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were analyzed. Multiple regression analyses were performed on HOMA-IR. The APOM and ADIPOQ gene expression were measured in the adipose tissue from 267 individuals with obesity and a human adipocyte cell line. RESULTS Participants with type 2 diabetes had lower circulating adiponectin and apoM, while apoM was higher in individuals with dyslipidemia. Similar to adiponectin, apoM showed negative associations with HOMA-IR and hs-CRP (r < -0.2), and positive correlations with HDL markers (HDL-C and apoA-I, r > 0.3). Unlike adiponectin, apoM was positively associated with LDL markers (LDL-C and apoB100, r < 0.20) and negatively correlated with insulin and age (r < -0.2). The apoM was the sole negative determinant of HOMA-IR in multiple regression models, while adiponectin not contributing significantly. After surgery, the change in HOMA-IR was negatively associated with the change in circulating apoM (r = -0.71), but not with the change in adiponectin. The APOM and ADIPOQ gene expression positively correlated in adipose tissue (r > 0.44) as well as in adipocytes (r > 0.81). In adipocytes, APOM was downregulated by inflammatory factors and upregulated by adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS The apoM rises as a new partner of adiponectin regarding insulin sensitivity. At the adipose tissue level, the adiponectin may be supported by apoM to promote a healthy adipose tissue. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01277068, registered 13 January 2011; NCT02332434, registered 5 January 2015; and NCT00390637, registered 20 October 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Frances
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, 31432, Toulouse, France
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, BioCore, US16, SFR Bonamy, 44000, Nantes, France
- CRNH-Ouest Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, 44000, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'Institut du Thorax, 44000, Nantes, France
| | | | - Marie Maraninchi
- Aix Marseille Université, APHM, INSERM, INRAe, C2VN, Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, University Hospital La Conception, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Combes
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, 31432, Toulouse, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire HealthAge, IHU HealthAge, Inserm, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérémy Raffin
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire HealthAge, IHU HealthAge, Inserm, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe de Souto Barreto
- CERPOP UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, 31000, Toulouse, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire HealthAge, IHU HealthAge, Inserm, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Ferrières
- CERPOP UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, 31000, Toulouse, France
- Department of Cardiology, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Toulouse, France
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+(MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bertrand Perret
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, 31432, Toulouse, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire HealthAge, IHU HealthAge, Inserm, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric Moro
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, 31432, Toulouse, France
| | - René Valéro
- Aix Marseille Université, APHM, INSERM, INRAe, C2VN, Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, University Hospital La Conception, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent O Martinez
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, 31432, Toulouse, France.
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire HealthAge, IHU HealthAge, Inserm, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Nathalie Viguerie
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, 31432, Toulouse, France.
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Guo L, Quan M, Pang W, Yin Y, Li F. Cytokines and exosomal miRNAs in skeletal muscle-adipose crosstalk. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:666-681. [PMID: 37599201 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and adipose tissues (ATs) are secretory organs that release secretory factors including cytokines and exosomes. These factors mediate muscle-adipose crosstalk to regulate systemic metabolism via paracrine and endocrine pathways. Myokines and adipokines are cytokines secreted by skeletal muscle and ATs, respectively. Exosomes loaded with nucleic acids, proteins, lipid droplets, and organelles can fuse with the cytoplasm of target cells to perform regulatory functions. A major regulatory component of exosomes is miRNA. In addition, numerous novel myokines and adipokines have been identified through technological innovations. These discoveries have identified new biomarkers and sparked new insights into the molecular regulation of skeletal muscle growth and adipose deposition. The knowledge may contribute to potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Menchus Quan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Weijun Pang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Fengna Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Yang HH, Wang X, Li S, Liu Y, Akbar R, Fan GC. Lipocalin family proteins and their diverse roles in cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108385. [PMID: 36966973 PMCID: PMC10079643 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The lipocalin (LCN) family members, a group of small extracellular proteins with 160-180 amino acids in length, can be detected in all kingdoms of life from bacteria to human beings. They are characterized by low similarity of amino acid sequence but highly conserved tertiary structures with an eight-stranded antiparallel β-barrel which forms a cup-shaped ligand binding pocket. In addition to bind small hydrophobic ligands (i.e., fatty acids, odorants, retinoids, and steroids) and transport them to specific cells, lipocalins (LCNs) can interact with specific cell membrane receptors to activate their downstream signaling pathways, and with soluble macromolecules to form the complex. Consequently, LCNs exhibit great functional diversity. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that LCN family proteins exert multiple layers of function in the regulation of many physiological processes and human diseases (i.e., cancers, immune disorders, metabolic disease, neurological/psychiatric disorders, and cardiovascular disease). In this review, we firstly introduce the structural and sequence properties of LCNs. Next, six LCNs including apolipoprotein D (ApoD), ApoM, lipocalin 2 (LCN2), LCN10, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) which have been characterized so far are highlighted for their diagnostic/prognostic values and their potential effects on coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction injury. The roles of these 6 LCNs in cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, diabetes-induced cardiac disorder, and septic cardiomyopathy are also summarized. Finally, their therapeutic potential for cardiovascular disease is discussed in each section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Siru Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Rubab Akbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Zhao M, Yu WX, Liu SJ, Deng YJ, Zhao ZW, Guo J, Gao QH. Identification and immuno-infiltration analysis of cuproptosis regulators in human spermatogenic dysfunction. Front Genet 2023; 14:1115669. [PMID: 37065492 PMCID: PMC10090386 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1115669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cuproptosis seems to promote the progression of diverse diseases. Hence, we explored the cuproptosis regulators in human spermatogenic dysfunction (SD), analyzed the condition of immune cell infiltration, and constructed a predictive model.Methods: Two microarray datasets (GSE4797 and GSE45885) related to male infertility (MI) patients with SD were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We utilized the GSE4797 dataset to obtain differentially expressed cuproptosis-related genes (deCRGs) between SD and normal controls. The correlation between deCRGs and immune cell infiltration status was analyzed. We also explored the molecular clusters of CRGs and the status of immune cell infiltration. Notably, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the cluster-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Moreso, gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was performed to annotate the enriched genes. Subsequently, we selected an optimal machine-learning model from four models. Finally, nomograms, calibration curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), and the GSE45885 dataset were utilized to verify the predictions’ accuracy.Results: Among SD and normal controls, we confirmed that there are deCRGs and activated immune responses. Through the GSE4797 dataset, we obtained 11 deCRGs. ATP7A, ATP7B, SLC31A1, FDX1, PDHA1, PDHB, GLS, CDKN2A, DBT, and GCSH were highly expressed in testicular tissues with SD, whereas LIAS was lowly expressed. Additionally, two clusters were identified in SD. Immune-infiltration analysis showed the existing heterogeneity of immunity at these two clusters. Cuproptosis-related molecular Cluster2 was marked by enhanced expressions of ATP7A, SLC31A1, PDHA1, PDHB, CDKN2A, DBT, and higher proportions of resting memory CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, an eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) model based on 5-gene was built, which showed superior performance on the external validation dataset GSE45885 (AUC = 0.812). Therefore, the combined nomogram, calibration curve, and DCA results demonstrated the accuracy of predicting SD.Conclusion: Our study preliminarily illustrates the relationship between SD and cuproptosis. Moreover, a bright predictive model was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Xiao Yu
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Jing Liu
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Jun Deng
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhao
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Guo, ; Qing-He Gao,
| | - Qing-He Gao
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Guo, ; Qing-He Gao,
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Association of apolipoprotein M and sphingosine-1-phosphate with brown adipose tissue after cold exposure in humans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18753. [PMID: 36335116 PMCID: PMC9637161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21938-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The HDL-associated apolipoprotein M (apoM) and its ligand sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) may control energy metabolism. ApoM deficiency in mice is associated with increased vascular permeability, brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass and activity, and protection against obesity. In the current study, we explored the connection between plasma apoM/S1P levels and parameters of BAT as measured via 18F-FDG PET/CT after cold exposure in humans. Fixed (n = 15) vs personalized (n = 20) short-term cooling protocols decreased and increased apoM (- 8.4%, P = 0.032 vs 15.7%, P < 0.0005) and S1P (- 41.0%, P < 0.0005 vs 19.1%, P < 0.005) plasma levels, respectively. Long-term cooling (n = 44) did not affect plasma apoM or S1P levels. Plasma apoM and S1P did not correlate significantly to BAT volume and activity in the individual studies. However, short-term studies combined, showed that increased changes in plasma apoM correlated with BAT metabolic activity (β: 0.44, 95% CI [0.06-0.81], P = 0.024) after adjusting for study design but not BAT volume (β: 0.39, 95% CI [- 0.01-0.78], P = 0.054). In conclusion, plasma apoM and S1P levels are altered in response to cold exposure and may be linked to changes in BAT metabolic activity but not BAT volume in humans. This contrasts partly with observations in animals and highlights the need for further studies to understand the biological role of apoM/S1P complex in human adipose tissue and lipid metabolism.
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Xu Y, Liu Z, Xu S, Li C, Li M, Cao S, Sun Y, Dai H, Guo Y, Chen X, Liang W. Scientific Evidences of Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting for Neuroprotection in Traumatic Brain Injury Animal Models: A Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2022; 14:1431. [PMID: 35406044 PMCID: PMC9002547 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It has widely been accepted that food restriction (FR) without malnutrition has multiple health benefits. Various calorie restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF) regimens have recently been reported to exert neuroprotective effects in traumatic brain injury (TBI) through variable mechanisms. However, the evidence connecting CR or IF to neuroprotection in TBI as well as current issues remaining in this research field have yet to be reviewed in literature. The objective of our review was therefore to weigh the evidence that suggests the connection between CR/IF with recovery promotion following TBI. Medline, Google Scholar and Web of Science were searched from inception to 25 February 2022. An overwhelming number of results generated suggest that several types of CR/IF play a promising role in promoting post-TBI recovery. This recovery is believed to be achieved by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, promoting hippocampal neurogenesis, inhibiting glial cell responses, shaping neural cell plasticity, as well as targeting apoptosis and autophagy. Further, we represent our views on the current issues and provide thoughts on the future direction of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.X.); (S.X.); (C.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zejie Liu
- Department of Forensic Pathology and Forensic Clinical Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Shuting Xu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.X.); (S.X.); (C.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Chengxian Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.X.); (S.X.); (C.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Manrui Li
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (M.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Shuqiang Cao
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (M.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Yuwen Sun
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.X.); (S.X.); (C.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hao Dai
- Department of Forensic Pathology and Forensic Clinical Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China;
| | - Xiameng Chen
- Department of Forensic Pathology and Forensic Clinical Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Weibo Liang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (M.L.); (S.C.)
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Xin JY, Huang X, Sun Y, Jiang HS, Fan J, Yu NW, Guo FQ, Ye F, Xiao J, Le WD, Yang SJ, Xiang Y. Association Between Plasma Apolipoprotein M With Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study From China. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:838223. [PMID: 35370599 PMCID: PMC8973919 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.838223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRecent evidence of genetics and metabonomics indicated a potential role of apolipoprotein M (ApoM) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we aimed to investigate the association between plasma ApoM with AD.MethodsA multicenter, cross-sectional study recruited patients with AD (n = 67), age- and sex-matched cognitively normal (CN) controls (n = 73). After the data collection of demographic characteristics, lifestyle risk factors, and medical history, we examined and compared the plasma levels of ApoM, tau phosphorylated at threonine 217 (p-tau217) and neurofilament light (NfL). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the association of plasma ApoM with the presence of AD. The correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations between plasma ApoM with cognitive function [Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)], activities of daily living (ADL), and the representative blood-based biomarkers (plasma p-tau217 and NfL). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Delong’s test were used to determine the diagnostic power of plasma ApoM.ResultsPlasma ApoM and its derived indicators (ratios of ApoM/TC, ApoM/TG, ApoM/HDL-C, and ApoM/LDL-C) were significantly higher in AD group than those in CN group (each p < 0.0001). After adjusted for the risk factors of AD, the plasma ApoM and its derived indicators were significantly associated with the presence of AD, respectively. ApoM (OR = 1.058, 95% CI: 1.027–1.090, p < 0.0001), ApoM/TC ratio (OR = 1.239, 95% CI: 1.120–1.372, p < 0.0001), ApoM/TG ratio (OR = 1.064, 95% CI: 1.035–1.095, p < 0.0001), ApoM/HDL-C ratio (OR = 1.069, 95% CI: 1.037–1.102, p < 0.0001), and ApoM/LDL-C ratio (OR = 1.064, 95% CI:1.023–1.106, p = 0.002). In total participants, plasma ApoM was significantly positively correlated with plasma p-tau217, plasma NfL, and ADL (each p < 0.0001) and significantly negatively correlated with MMSE and MoCA (each p < 0.0001), respectively. In further subgroup analyses, these associations remained in different APOEϵ 4 status participants and sex subgroups. ApoM/TC ratio (ΔAUC = 0.056, p = 0.044) and ApoM/TG ratio (ΔAUC = 0.097, p = 0.011) had a statistically remarkably larger AUC than ApoM, respectively. The independent addition of ApoM and its derived indicators to the basic model [combining age, sex, APOEϵ 4, and body mass index (BMI)] led to the significant improvement in diagnostic power, respectively (each p < 0.05).ConclusionAll the findings preliminarily uncovered the association between plasma ApoM and AD and provided more evidence of the potential of ApoM as a candidate biomarker of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yan Xin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Song Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Neng-wei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-dong Le
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shao-Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Eighth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Shao-Jie Yang,
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Yang Xiang,
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Diab A, Valenzuela Ripoll C, Guo Z, Javaheri A. HDL Composition, Heart Failure, and Its Comorbidities. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:846990. [PMID: 35350538 PMCID: PMC8958020 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.846990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although research on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has historically focused on atherosclerotic coronary disease, there exists untapped potential of HDL biology for the treatment of heart failure. Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and endothelial protective properties of HDL could impact heart failure pathogenesis. HDL-associated proteins such as apolipoprotein A-I and M may have significant therapeutic effects on the myocardium, in part by modulating signal transduction pathways and sphingosine-1-phosphate biology. Furthermore, because heart failure is a complex syndrome characterized by multiple comorbidities, there are complex interactions between heart failure, its comorbidities, and lipoprotein homeostatic mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss the effects of heart failure and associated comorbidities on HDL, explore potential cardioprotective properties of HDL, and review novel HDL therapeutic targets in heart failure.
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Khudyakov JI, Holser RR, Vierra CA, Ly ST, Niel TK, Hasan BM, Crocker DE, Costa DP. Changes in apolipoprotein abundance dominate proteome responses to prolonged fasting in elephant seals. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:274459. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Unlike many animals that reduce activity during fasting, northern elephant seals (NES) undergo prolonged fasting during energy-intensive life-history stages such as reproduction and molting, fueling fasting energy needs by mobilizing fat stores accrued during foraging. NES display several unique metabolic features such as high fasting metabolic rates, elevated blood lipid and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, efficient protein sparing and resistance to oxidative stress during fasting. However, the cellular mechanisms that regulate these adaptations are still not fully understood. To examine how metabolic coordination is achieved during prolonged fasting, we profiled changes in blubber, skeletal muscle and plasma proteomes of adult female NES over a 5 week fast associated with molting. We found that while blubber and muscle proteomes were remarkably stable over fasting, over 50 proteins changed in abundance in plasma, including those associated with lipid storage, mobilization, oxidation and transport. Apolipoproteins dominated the blubber, plasma and muscle proteome responses to fasting. APOA4, APOE and APOC3, which are associated with lipogenesis and triglyceride accumulation, decreased, while APOA1, APOA2 and APOM, which are associated with lipid mobilization and HDL function, increased over fasting. Our findings suggest that changes in apolipoprotein composition may underlie the maintenance of high HDL levels and, together with adipokines and hepatokines that facilitate lipid catabolism, may mediate the metabolic transitions between feeding and fasting in NES. Many of these proteins have not been previously studied in this species and provide intriguing hypotheses about metabolic regulation during prolonged fasting in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane I. Khudyakov
- Biological Sciences Department, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Rachel R. Holser
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Craig A. Vierra
- Biological Sciences Department, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Serena T. Ly
- Biological Sciences Department, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Theron K. Niel
- Biological Sciences Department, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Basma M. Hasan
- Biological Sciences Department, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Daniel E. Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
| | - Daniel P. Costa
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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10
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Imbert A, Vialaneix N, Marquis J, Vion J, Charpagne A, Metairon S, Laurens C, Moro C, Boulet N, Walter O, Lefebvre G, Hager J, Langin D, Saris WHM, Astrup A, Viguerie N, Valsesia A. Network Analyses Reveal Negative Link Between Changes in Adipose Tissue GDF15 and BMI During Dietary-induced Weight Loss. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e130-e142. [PMID: 34415992 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adipose tissue (AT) transcriptome studies provide holistic pictures of adaptation to weight and related bioclinical settings changes. OBJECTIVE To implement AT gene expression profiling and investigate the link between changes in bioclinical parameters and AT gene expression during 3 steps of a 2-phase dietary intervention (DI). METHODS AT transcriptome profiling was obtained from sequencing 1051 samples, corresponding to 556 distinct individuals enrolled in a weight loss intervention (8-week low-calorie diet (LCD) at 800 kcal/day) followed with a 6-month ad libitum randomized DI. Transcriptome profiles obtained with QuantSeq sequencing were benchmarked against Illumina RNAseq. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to further confirm associations. Cell specificity was assessed using freshly isolated cells and THP-1 cell line. RESULTS During LCD, 5 modules were found, of which 3 included at least 1 bioclinical variable. Change in body mass index (BMI) connected with changes in mRNA level of genes with inflammatory response signature. In this module, change in BMI was negatively associated with changes in expression of genes encoding secreted protein (GDF15, CCL3, and SPP1). Through all phases of the DI, change in GDF15 was connected to changes in SPP1, CCL3, LIPA and CD68. Further characterization showed that these genes were specific to macrophages (with LIPA, CD68 and GDF15 expressed in anti-inflammatory macrophages) and GDF15 also expressed in preadipocytes. CONCLUSION Network analyses identified a novel AT feature with GDF15 upregulated with calorie restriction induced weight loss, concomitantly to macrophage markers. In AT, GDF15 was expressed in preadipocytes and macrophages where it was a hallmark of anti-inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Imbert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team Metabolic Disorders and Diabesity, 31400, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Paul Sabatier University, 31400, Toulouse, France
- INRAE, UR875 Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées Toulouse, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nathalie Vialaneix
- INRAE, UR875 Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées Toulouse, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Julien Marquis
- Université de Lausanne, Genomic Technologies Facility, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie Vion
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team Metabolic Disorders and Diabesity, 31400, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Paul Sabatier University, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Aline Charpagne
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Metabolic Health Department, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Metairon
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Metabolic Health Department, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claire Laurens
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team Metabolic Disorders and Diabesity, 31400, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Paul Sabatier University, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Cedric Moro
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team Metabolic Disorders and Diabesity, 31400, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Paul Sabatier University, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Boulet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team Metabolic Disorders and Diabesity, 31400, Toulouse, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team Adipose tissue, microbiota and cardiometabolic flexibility, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Ondine Walter
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Metabolic Health Department, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Lefebvre
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Metabolic Health Department, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Hager
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Metabolic Health Department, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Langin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team Metabolic Disorders and Diabesity, 31400, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Paul Sabatier University, 31400, Toulouse, France
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague and Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse University Hospitals, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Wim H M Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nathalie Viguerie
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team Metabolic Disorders and Diabesity, 31400, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Paul Sabatier University, 31400, Toulouse, France
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague and Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Armand Valsesia
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Metabolic Health Department, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Bisgaard LS, Christoffersen C. The apoM/S1P Complex-A Mediator in Kidney Biology and Disease? Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:754490. [PMID: 34722589 PMCID: PMC8553247 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.754490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease affects more than 10% of the population, can be both acute and chronic, and is linked to other diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and sepsis. Despite the detrimental consequences for patients, no good treatment options directly targeting the kidney are available. Thus, a better understanding of the pathology and new treatment modalities are required. Accumulating evidence suggests that the apolipoprotein M/sphingosine-1-phosphate (apoM/S1P) axis is a likely drug target, but significant gaps in our knowledge remain. In this review, we present what has so far been elucidated about the role of apoM in normal kidney biology and describe how changes in the apoM/S1P axis are thought to affect the development of kidney disease. ApoM is primarily produced in the liver and kidneys. From the liver, apoM is secreted into circulation, where it is attached to lipoproteins (primarily HDL). Importantly, apoM is a carrier of the bioactive lipid S1P. S1P acts by binding to five different receptors. Together, apoM/S1P plays a role in several biological mechanisms, such as inflammation, endothelial cell permeability, and lipid turnover. In the kidney, apoM is primarily expressed in the proximal tubular cells. S1P can be produced locally in the kidney, and several of the five S1P receptors are present in the kidney. The functional role of kidney-derived apoM as well as plasma-derived apoM is far from elucidated and will be discussed based on both experimental and clinical studies. In summary, the current studies provide evidence that support a role for the apoM/S1P axis in kidney disease; however, additional pre-clinical and clinical studies are needed to reveal the mechanisms and target potential in the treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line S Bisgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Adipose-Derived Lipid-Binding Proteins: The Good, the Bad and the Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910460. [PMID: 34638803 PMCID: PMC8508731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue releases a large range of bioactive factors called adipokines, many of which are involved in inflammation, glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Under pathological conditions such as obesity, most of the adipokines are upregulated and considered as deleterious, due to their pro-inflammatory, pro-atherosclerotic or pro-diabetic properties, while only a few are downregulated and would be designated as beneficial adipokines, thanks to their counteracting properties against the onset of comorbidities. This review focuses on six adipose-derived lipid-binding proteins that have emerged as key factors in the development of obesity and diabetes: Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), Apolipoprotein D (APOD), Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), Lipocalin-14 (LCN14) and Apolipoprotein M (APOM). These proteins share structural homology and capacity to bind small hydrophobic molecules but display opposite effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. RBP4 and FABP4 are positively associated with metabolic syndrome, while APOD and LCN2 are ubiquitously expressed proteins with deleterious or beneficial effects, depending on their anatomical site of expression. LCN14 and APOM have been recently identified as adipokines associated with healthy metabolism. Recent findings on these lipid-binding proteins exhibiting detrimental or protective roles in human and murine metabolism and their involvement in metabolic diseases are also discussed.
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Yao Mattisson I, Christoffersen C. Apolipoprotein M and its impact on endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in the cardiovascular system. Atherosclerosis 2021; 334:76-84. [PMID: 34482091 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a member of the lipocalin superfamily and is predominantly associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL). It was found that apoM is the chaperon to the bioactive sphingolipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Several studies have since contributed to expand the knowledge on apoM, S1P, and the apoM/S1P-complex in cardiovascular diseases. For instance, the HDL-bound apoM/S1P complex serves as a bridge between HDL and endothelial cells, maintaining a healthy endothelial barrier. Evidence indicates, however, that the apoM/S1P complex may has both protective and harmful effects on the cardiovascular system, which suggests the need for more research to understand the interplay between these molecules. This review aims to shed light on the most recent findings on apoM/S1P-signaling and its impact on endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases. Finally, it will be discussed whether drugs that target apoM and/or S1P-signaling may be beneficial to patients with cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Yao Mattisson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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14
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Hajny S, Borup A, Elsøe S, Christoffersen C. Increased plasma apoM levels impair triglyceride turnover in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158969. [PMID: 34051379 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is an essential transporter of plasma Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P), typically attached to all lipoprotein classes, but with a majority bound to high density lipoproteins (HDL). ApoM-deficient mice display an increased activity in brown adipose tissue and a concomitant fast turnover of triglycerides. In what manner apoM/S1P affect the triglyceride metabolism is however still unknown and explored in the present study. METHODS Triglyceride turnover and potentially associated metabolic pathways were studied in the female human apoM transgenic mouse model (apoM-Tg) with increased plasma apoM and S1P levels. The model was compared with wild type (WT) mice. RESULTS ApoM-Tg mice had a reduced plasma triglyceride turnover rate and a lower free fatty acid uptake in subcutaneous adipocytes compared to WT mice. Screening for potential molecular mechanisms furthermore revealed a reduction in plasma lipase activity in apoM-Tg animals. Overexpression of apoM also reduced the plasma levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). CONCLUSIONS The study features the significant role of the apoM/S1P axis in maintaining a balanced triglyceride metabolism. Further, it also highlights the risk of inducing dyslipidaemia in patients receiving S1P-analouges and additionlly emphasizes the apoM/S1P axis as a potential therapeutic target in treatment of hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hajny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anna Borup
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Elsøe
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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15
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Kleinstein SE, McCorrison J, Ahmed A, Hasturk H, Van Dyke TE, Freire M. Transcriptomics of type 2 diabetic and healthy human neutrophils. BMC Immunol 2021; 22:37. [PMID: 34134627 PMCID: PMC8207744 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-021-00428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic inflammatory diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease, are heterogeneous and often co-morbid, with increasing global prevalence. Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2D) can result in severe inflammatory complications. As neutrophils are essential to normal and aberrant inflammation, we conducted RNA-seq transcriptomic analyses to investigate the association between neutrophil gene expression and T2D phenotype. As specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM) act to resolve inflammation, we further surveyed the impact of neutrophil receptor binding SPM resolvin E1 (RvE1) on isolated diabetic and healthy neutrophils. METHODS Cell isolation and RNA-seq analysis of neutrophils from N = 11 T2D and N = 7 healthy individuals with available clinical data was conducted. Additionally, cultured neutrophils (N = 3 T2D, N = 3 healthy) were perturbed with increasing RvE1 doses (0 nM, 1 nM, 10 nM, or 100 nM) prior to RNA-seq. Data was evaluated through a bioinformatics pipeline including pathway analysis and post hoc false discovery rate (FDR)-correction. RESULTS We observed significant differential expression of 50 genes between T2D and healthy neutrophils (p < 0.05), including decreased T2D gene expression in inflammatory- and lipid-related genes SLC9A4, NECTIN2, and PLPP3 (p < 0.003). RvE1 treatment induced dose-dependent differential gene expression (uncorrected p < 0.05) across groups, including 59 healthy and 216 T2D neutrophil genes. Comparing T2D to healthy neutrophils, 1097 genes were differentially expressed across RvE1 doses, including two significant genes, LILRB5 and AKR1C1, involved in inflammation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The neutrophil transcriptomic database revealed novel chronic inflammatory- and lipid-related genes that were differentially expressed between T2D cells when compared to controls, and cells responded to RvE1 dose-dependently by gene expression changes. Unraveling the mechanisms regulating abnormalities in diabetic neutrophil responses could lead to better diagnostics and therapeutics targeting inflammation and inflammation resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Kleinstein
- Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jamison McCorrison
- Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alaa Ahmed
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hatice Hasturk
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo Freire
- Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Cheng G, Zheng L. Regulation of the apolipoprotein M signaling pathway: a review. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2021; 42:285-292. [PMID: 34006168 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2021.1924203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein M (apoM), an apolipoprotein predominantly associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is considered a mediator of the numerous roles of HDL, including reverse cholesterol transport, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant, and mediates pre-β-HDL formation. ApoM expression is known to be regulated by a variety of in vivo and in vitro factors. The transcription factors farnesoid X receptor, small heterodimer partner, liver receptor homolog-1, and liver X receptor comprise the signaling cascade network that regulates the expression and secretion of apoM. Moreover, hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α and c-Jun/JunB have been demonstrated to exert opposing regulatory effects on apoM through competitive binding to the same sites in the proximal region of the apoM gene. Furthermore, as a carrier and modulator of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), apoM binds to S1P within its hydrophobic-binding pocket. The apoM/S1P axis has been discovered to play a crucial role in the apoM signaling pathway through its ability to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, vascular barrier homeostasis, inflammatory response and other pathological and physiological processes. Using the findings of previous studies, the present review aimed to summarize the regulation of apoM expression by various factors and its role in different physiological and pathological conditions, and provide a new perspective for the further treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangli Cheng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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Pappas F, Palaiokostas C. Genotyping Strategies Using ddRAD Sequencing in Farmed Arctic Charr ( Salvelinus alpinus). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:899. [PMID: 33801139 PMCID: PMC8004150 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of genomic technologies into fish breeding programs is a modern reality, promising substantial advances regarding the accuracy of selection, monitoring the genetic diversity and pedigree record verification. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays are the most commonly used genomic tool, but the investments required make them unsustainable for emerging species, such as Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), where production volume is low. The requirement to genotype a large number of animals for breeding practices necessitates cost effective genotyping approaches. In the current study, we used double digest restriction site-associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing of either high or low coverage to genotype Arctic charr from the Swedish national breeding program and performed analytical procedures to assess their utility in a range of tasks. SNPs were identified and used for deciphering the genetic structure of the studied population, estimating genomic relationships and implementing an association study for growth-related traits. Missing information and underestimation of heterozygosity in the low coverage set were limiting factors in genetic diversity and genomic relationship analyses, where high coverage performed notably better. On the other hand, the high coverage dataset proved to be valuable when it comes to identifying loci that are associated with phenotypic traits of interest. In general, both genotyping strategies offer sustainable alternatives to hybridization-based genotyping platforms and show potential for applications in aquaculture selective breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christos Palaiokostas
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7090, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;
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Brennan L, de Roos B. Nutrigenomics: lessons learned and future perspectives. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:503-516. [PMID: 33515029 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The omics technologies of metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metagenomics are playing an increasingly important role in nutrition science. With the emergence of the concept of precision nutrition and the need to understand individual responses to dietary interventions, it is an opportune time to examine the impact of these tools to date in human nutrition studies. Advances in our mechanistic understanding of dietary interventions were realized through incorporation of metabolomics, proteomics, and, more recently, metagenomics. A common observation across the studies was the low intra-individual variability of the omics measurements and the high inter-individual variation. Harnessing this data for use in the development of precision nutrition will be important. Metabolomics in particular has played a key role in the development of biomarkers of food intake in an effort to enhance the accuracy of dietary assessments. Further work is needed to realize the full potential of such biomarkers and to demonstrate integration with current strategies, with the goal of overcoming the well-established limitations of self-reported approaches. Although many of the nutrigenomic studies performed to date were labelled as proof-of-concept or pilot studies, there is ample evidence to support the use of these technologies in nutrition science. Incorporating omic technologies from the start of study designs will ensure that studies are sufficiently powered for such data. Furthermore, multi-disciplinary collaborations are likely to become even more important to aid analyses and interpretation of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health and Conway Institute, University College Dublin (UCD) School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Baukje de Roos
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Christoffersen C. Apolipoprotein M-A Marker or an Active Player in Type II Diabetes? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:665393. [PMID: 34093440 PMCID: PMC8176018 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.665393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a member of the lipocalin superfamily and an important carrier of the small bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). The apoM/S1P complex is attached to all lipoproteins, but exhibits a significant preference for high-density lipoproteins. Although apoM, S1P, and the apoM/S1P complex have been discovered more than a decade earlier, the overall function of the apoM/S1P complex remains controversial. Evidence suggests that the complex plays a role in inflammation and cholesterol metabolism and is important for maintaining a healthy endothelial barrier, regulating the turnover of triglycerides from lipoproteins, and reducing cholesterol accumulation in vessel walls. Recent studies have also addressed the role of apoM and S1P in the development of diabetes and obesity. However, limited evidence is available, and the data published so far deviates. This review discusses the specific elements indicative of the protective or harmful effects of apoM, S1P, and the apoM/S1P complex on type 2 diabetes development. Since drugs targeting the S1P system and its receptors are available and could be potentially used for treating diabetes, this research topic is a pertinent one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Christina Christoffersen,
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Kurano M, Tsukamoto K, Shimizu T, Kassai H, Nakao K, Aiba A, Hara M, Yatomi Y. Protection Against Insulin Resistance by Apolipoprotein M/Sphingosine-1-Phosphate. Diabetes 2020; 69:867-881. [PMID: 31915150 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Subjects with low serum HDL cholesterol levels are reported to be susceptible to diabetes, with insulin resistance believed to be the underlying pathological mechanism. Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a carrier of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a multifunctional lipid mediator, on HDL, and the pleiotropic effects of HDL are believed to be mediated by S1P. In the current study, we attempted to investigate the potential association between apoM/S1P and insulin resistance. We observed that the serum levels of apoM were lower in patients with type 2 diabetes and that they were negatively correlated with BMI and the insulin resistance index. While deletion of apoM in mice was associated with worsening of insulin resistance, overexpression of apoM was associated with improvement of insulin resistance. Presumably, apoM/S1P exerts its protective effect against insulin resistance by activating insulin signaling pathways, such as the AKT and AMPK pathways, and also by improving the mitochondrial functions through upregulation of SIRT1 protein levels. These actions of apoM/S1P appear to be mediated via activation of S1P1 and/or S1P3. These results suggest that apoM/S1P exerts protective roles against the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Tsukamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Metabolism, Diabetes and Nephrology, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomo Shimizu
- Research & Development Division, Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kassai
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakao
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masumi Hara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Tavernier G, Caspar-Bauguil S, Viguerie N. Apolipoprotein M: new connections with diet, adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome. Curr Opin Lipidol 2020; 31:8-14. [PMID: 31815756 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To focus on state-of-the-art knowledge on the apolipoprotein M (ApoM) physiology and physiopathology regarding metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS In humans, the ApoM was recently described as secreted by adipocytes. Obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes are associated with low circulating ApoM and adipose tissue APOM expression. Dieting-induced weight loss enhances adipose tissue expression and secretion, and exercise training increases plasma ApoM. The ApoM is a chaperone for the bioactive sphingolipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which has a specific role in inflammation. Its association with S1P in the inhibition of brown adipose tissue activity and subsequent insulin sensitivity was reported with the model of ApoM-deficient mouse. SUMMARY The adipose tissue is an endocrine organ responsible for obesity-related comorbidities. Obesity and dieting impact the adipose tissue secretory profile. The recent demonstration of ApoM being secreted by healthy adipocytes questions about the possible role of this adipose production in metabolic diseases. Low-circulating ApoM is associated with unhealthy metabolic phenotype. The lower circulating apoM during metabolic syndrome might be a cause of obesity-related comorbidities. Lifestyle interventions enhance ApoM production. Whether it acts in combination to S1P or other small lipidic molecules deserves further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Tavernier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Paul Sabatier University
| | - Sylvie Caspar-Bauguil
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Paul Sabatier University
- Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Viguerie
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC)
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Paul Sabatier University
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22
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Apolipoprotein M: Research Progress and Clinical Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1276:85-103. [PMID: 32705596 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6082-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein M (apoM) was first identified and characterized to the apolipoprotein family in 1999. Human apoM gene is located in a highly conserved segment in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III locus on chromosome 6 and codes for an about 23 kDa protein that structurally belongs to the lipocalin superfamily. ApoM is selectively expressed in hepatocytes and in the tubular epithelium of kidney. In human plasma, apoM is mainly confined to the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, but it may also occur in other lipoprotein classes, such as in the triglyceride-rich particles after fat intake. It has been demonstrated that apoM is critical for the formation of HDL, notably pre-beta HDL1. The antiatherogenic function of HDL is well established, and its ability to promote cholesterol efflux from foam cells in the atherosclerotic lesions is generally regarded as one of the key mechanisms behind this protective function. However, HDL could also display a variety of properties that may affect the complex atherosclerotic processes by other mechanisms, thus being involved in processes related to antioxidant defense, immune system, and systemic effects in septicemia, which may be partly contributed via its apolipoproteins and/or phospholipids. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that apoM functions as a natural carrier of sphingosin-1-phosphate (S1P) in vivo which may be related to its antiatherosclerotic and protective effects on endothelial cell barrier and anti-inflammatory properties. These may also provide a link between the diverse effects of HDL.
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23
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Druggable Sphingolipid Pathways: Experimental Models and Clinical Opportunities. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:101-135. [PMID: 32894509 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intensive research in the field of sphingolipids has revealed diverse roles in cell biological responses and human health and disease. This immense molecular family is primarily represented by the bioactive molecules ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). The flux of sphingolipid metabolism at both the subcellular and extracellular levels provides multiple opportunities for pharmacological intervention. The caveat is that perturbation of any single node of this highly regulated flux may have effects that propagate throughout the metabolic network in a dramatic and sometimes unexpected manner. Beginning with S1P, the receptors for which have thus far been the most clinically tractable pharmacological targets, this review will describe recent advances in therapeutic modulators targeting sphingolipids, their chaperones, transporters, and metabolic enzymes.
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Yao S, Zhang J, Zhan Y, Shi Y, Yu Y, Zheng L, Xu N, Luo G. Insulin Resistance in Apolipoprotein M Knockout Mice is Mediated by the Protein Kinase Akt Signaling Pathway. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:771-780. [PMID: 31702495 PMCID: PMC7360917 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191023125820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous clinical studies have suggested that apolipoprotein M (apoM) is involved in glucose metabolism and plays a causative role in insulin sensitivity. OBJECTIVE The potential mechanism of apoM on modulating glucose homeostasis is explored and differentially expressed genes are analyzed by employing ApoM deficient (ApoM-/- ) and wild type (WT) mice. METHODS The metabolism of glucose in the hepatic tissues of high-fat diet ApoM-/- and WT mice was measured by a glycomics approach. Bioinformatic analysis was applied for analyzing the levels of differentially expressed mRNAs in the liver tissues of these mice. The insulin sensitivity of ApoM-/- and WT mice was compared using the insulin tolerance test and the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase Akt (AKT) and insulin stimulation in different tissues were examined by Western blot. RESULTS The majority of the hepatic glucose metabolites exhibited lower concentration levels in the ApoM-/- mice compared with those of the WT mice. Gene Ontology (GO) classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that ApoM deficiency affected the genes associated with the metabolism of glucose. The insulin tolerance test suggested that insulin sensitivity was impaired in ApoM-/- mice. The phosphorylation levels of AKT in muscle and adipose tissues of ApoM-/- mice were significantly diminished in response to insulin stimulation compared with those noted in WT mice. CONCLUSION ApoM deficiency led to the disorders of glucose metabolism and altered genes related to glucose metabolism in mice liver. In vivo data indicated that apoM might augment insulin sensitivity by AKT-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ning Xu
- Address correspondence to these two authors at the Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 213003, Changzhou, China; Tel: +86-0519-68870619; E-mail: , and the Section of Clinical Chemistry & Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lunds University, S-22185 Lund, Sweden; E-mail:
| | - Guanghua Luo
- Address correspondence to these two authors at the Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 213003, Changzhou, China; Tel: +86-0519-68870619; E-mail: , and the Section of Clinical Chemistry & Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lunds University, S-22185 Lund, Sweden; E-mail:
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Ren X, Li X. Advances in Research on Diabetes by Human Nutriomics. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215375. [PMID: 31671732 PMCID: PMC6861882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) have increased rapidly worldwide over the last two decades. Because the pathogenic factors of DM are heterogeneous, determining clinically effective treatments for DM patients is difficult. Applying various nutrient analyses has yielded new insight and potential treatments for DM patients. In this review, we summarized the omics analysis methods, including nutrigenomics, nutritional-metabolomics, and foodomics. The list of the new targets of SNPs, genes, proteins, and gut microbiota associated with DM has been obtained by the analysis of nutrigenomics and microbiomics within last few years, which provides a reference for the diagnosis of DM. The use of nutrient metabolomics analysis can obtain new targets of amino acids, lipids, and metal elements, which provides a reference for the treatment of DM. Foodomics analysis can provide targeted dietary strategies for DM patients. This review summarizes the DM-associated molecular biomarkers in current applied omics analyses and may provide guidance for diagnosing and treating DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Hafidi ME, Buelna-Chontal M, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Carbó R. Adipogenesis: A Necessary but Harmful Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153657. [PMID: 31357412 PMCID: PMC6696444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered to significantly increase the risk of the development of a vast range of metabolic diseases. However, adipogenesis is a complex physiological process, necessary to sequester lipids effectively to avoid lipotoxicity in other tissues, like the liver, heart, muscle, essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and has a crucial role as a component of the innate immune system, far beyond than only being an inert mass of energy storage. In pathophysiological conditions, adipogenesis promotes a pro-inflammatory state, angiogenesis and the release of adipokines, which become dangerous to health. It results in a hypoxic state, causing oxidative stress and the synthesis and release of harmful free fatty acids. In this review, we try to explain the mechanisms occurring at the breaking point, at which adipogenesis leads to an uncontrolled lipotoxicity. This review highlights the types of adipose tissue and their functions, their way of storing lipids until a critical point, which is associated with hypoxia, inflammation, insulin resistance as well as lipodystrophy and adipogenesis modulation by Krüppel-like factors and miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed El Hafidi
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Mabel Buelna-Chontal
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Roxana Carbó
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México City 14080, Mexico.
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27
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Ko CW, Qu J, Tso P. Editorial on Sramkova et al., "Apolipoprotein M: a novel adipokine decreasing with obesity and upregulated by calorie restriction". Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1495-1496. [PMID: 31075794 PMCID: PMC6537933 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Ko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jie Qu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
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