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Yeshoua B, Romero Castillo H, Monaghan M, van Gerwen M. A Review of the Association between Exposure to Flame Retardants and Thyroid Function. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1365. [PMID: 38927574 PMCID: PMC11201907 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Flame retardants have been shown to cause widespread physiological effects, in particular on endocrine organs such as the thyroid. This review aims to provide an overview of the literature on the association between flame retardants and thyroid function within humans. A search in the National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health PubMed database through January 2024 yielded 61 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The most frequently analyzed flame retardants across all thyroid hormones were polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), in particular BDE-47 and BDE-99. Ten studies demonstrated exclusively positive associations between flame retardants and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Six studies demonstrated exclusively negative associations between flame retardants and TSH. Twelve studies demonstrated exclusively positive associations for total triiodothyronine (tT3) and total thyroxine (tT4). Five and eight studies demonstrated exclusively negative associations between flame retardants and these same thyroid hormones, respectively. The effect of flame retardants on thyroid hormones is heterogeneous; however, the long-term impact warrants further investigation. Vulnerable populations, including indigenous people, individuals working at e-waste sites, firefighters, and individuals within certain age groups, such as children and elderly, are especially critical to be informed of risk of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Yeshoua
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.Y.); (H.R.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Horacio Romero Castillo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.Y.); (H.R.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Mathilda Monaghan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.Y.); (H.R.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Maaike van Gerwen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.Y.); (H.R.C.); (M.M.)
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Liu B, Lehmler HJ, Ye Z, Yuan X, Yan Y, Ruan Y, Wang Y, Yang Y, Chen S, Bao W. Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e243127. [PMID: 38558142 PMCID: PMC10985557 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.3127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are an important group of persistent organic pollutants with endocrine-disrupting properties. However, prospective cohort studies regarding the association of PBDE exposure with long-term health outcomes, particularly mortality, are lacking. Objective To examine the association of environmental exposure to PBDEs with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants This nationally representative cohort study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2004 and linked mortality information through December 31, 2019. Adults aged 20 years or older with available data on PBDE measurements and mortality were included. Statistical analysis was performed from February 2022 to April 2023. Exposures PBDE analytes in serum samples were measured using solid phase extraction and isotope dilution gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Main Outcomes and Measures All-cause mortality, cancer mortality, and cardiovascular mortality. Results This study included 1100 participants (mean [SE] age, 42.9 [0.6] years; proportion [SE] female, 51.8% [1.6%]; proportion [SE] Hispanic, 12.9% [2.7%]; proportion [SE] non-Hispanic Black, 10.5% [1.6%]; proportion [SE] non-Hispanic White, 70.8% [3.7%]; proportion [SE] other race and ethnicity, 5.8% [1.1%]). During 16 162 person-years of follow-up (median [IQR] follow-up, 15.8 [15.2-16.3] years; maximum follow-up, 17 years), 199 deaths occurred. Participants with higher serum PBDE levels were at higher risk for death. After adjustment for age, sex, and race and ethnicity, lifestyle and socioeconomic factors, and body mass index, participants with the highest tertile of serum PBDE levels had an approximately 300% increased risk of cancer mortality (HR, 4.09 [95% CI, 1.71-9.79]) compared with those with the lowest tertile of serum PBDE levels. No significant association of PBDE exposure with all-cause mortality (HR, 1.43 [95% CI, 0.98-2.07]) or cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.41-2.08]) was observed. Conclusions and Relevance In this nationally representative cohort study, PBDE exposure was significantly associated with an increased risk of cancer mortality. Further studies are needed to replicate the findings and determine the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Liu
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Ziyi Ye
- Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xing Yuan
- Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuxiang Yan
- Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuntian Ruan
- Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuhan Chen
- Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, (Ron) Hoogenboom L, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Wallace H, Benford D, Fürst P, Hart A, Rose M, Schroeder H, Vrijheid M, Ioannidou S, Nikolič M, Bordajandi LR, Vleminckx C. Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8497. [PMID: 38269035 PMCID: PMC10807361 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food, focusing on 10 congeners: BDE-28, -47, -49, -99, -100, -138, -153, -154, -183 and ‑209. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour and reproductive/developmental effects are the critical effects in rodent studies. For four congeners (BDE-47, -99, -153, -209) the Panel derived Reference Points, i.e. benchmark doses and corresponding lower 95% confidence limits (BMDLs), for endpoint-specific benchmark responses. Since repeated exposure to PBDEs results in accumulation of these chemicals in the body, the Panel estimated the body burden at the BMDL in rodents, and the chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans. For the remaining six congeners no studies were available to identify Reference Points. The Panel concluded that there is scientific basis for inclusion of all 10 congeners in a common assessment group and performed a combined risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the combined margin of exposure (MOET) approach was the most appropriate risk metric and applied a tiered approach to the risk characterisation. Over 84,000 analytical results for the 10 congeners in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary Lower Bound exposure to PBDEs were meat and meat products and fish and seafood. Taking into account the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the Panel concluded that it is likely that current dietary exposure to PBDEs in the European population raises a health concern.
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Sun Y, Xu Y, Wu H, Hou J. A critical review on BDE-209: Source, distribution, influencing factors, toxicity, and degradation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108410. [PMID: 38160509 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
As the most widely used polybrominated diphenyl ether, BDE-209 is commonly used in polymer-based commercial and household products. Due to its unique physicochemical properties, BDE-209 is ubiquitous in a variety of environmental compartments and can be exposed to organisms in various ways and cause toxic effects. The present review outlines the current state of knowledge on the occurrence of BDE-209 in the environment, influencing factors, toxicity, and degradation. BDE-209 has been detected in various environmental matrices including air, soil, water, and sediment. Additionally, environmental factors such as organic matter, total suspended particulate, hydrodynamic, wind, and temperature affecting BDE-209 are specifically discussed. Toxicity studies suggest BDE-209 may cause systemic toxic effects on living organisms, reproductive toxicity, embryo-fetal toxicity, genetic toxicity, endocrine toxicity, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and developmental toxicity, or even be carcinogenic. BDE-209 has toxic effects on organisms mainly through epigenetic regulation and induction of oxidative stress. Evidence regarding the degradation of BDE-209, including biodegradation, photodegradation, Fenton degradation, zero-valent iron degradation, chemical oxidative degradation, and microwave radiation degradation is summarized. This review may contribute to assessing the environmental risks of BDE-209 to help develop rational management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanli Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Haodi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jing Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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Mangion J, Gruppetta M. The environmental burden on endocrine neoplasia: a review on the documented impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2023; 18:513-524. [PMID: 37840278 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2268215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have gained more importance in the past decade, mostly due to their role in the pathogenesis of disease, especially in carcinogenesis. However, there is limited literature on the environmental burden on some of the less common endocrine neoplasia. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on both observational and experimental studies linking exposure to EDCs and endocrine neoplasia specifically pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and neuroendocrine tumors. Following PRISMA guidelines, a search of English peer-reviewed literature was performed using Medline and Google Scholar, giving preference to recent publications. EXPERT OPINION Exposure to EDC occurs not only in the household but also at work, whether it is in the office, factory, or farm and during transport from one location to another. Many studies have evaluated the effect of single environmental agents; however, humans are rarely exposed to only one EDC. Different EDCs and different levels of exposure may interact together to provide either a synergistic and/or an antagonistic disruption on human health, and hence a complex mechanism to elucidate. The ultimate adverse effect is difficult to predict, as it is not only influenced by the degree of exposure, but also by genetics, lifestyle, comorbidities, and other stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mangion
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
- Neuroendocrine Clinic, Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Mark Gruppetta
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
- Neuroendocrine Clinic, Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
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Wang Y, Wang X, Sui S, Liu Z. Endocrine disrupting and carcinogenic effects of decabromodiphenyl ether. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1183815. [PMID: 37334308 PMCID: PMC10272517 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1183815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209), an essential industrial flame retardant that is widely used, has recently been reported to be increasing in human serum. Due to the structural similarity between BDE209 and thyroid hormones, its toxic effects on the thyroid are of particular concern. Methods Original articles in the PubMed database were collected using the terms "BDE209", "decabromodiphenyl ether", "endocrine disrupting", "thyroid", "carcinogenesis", "polybrominated diphenyl ethers", "PBDEs," and their synonyms from inception up to October of 2022. Results Of the 748 studies initially identified, 45 were selected, which emphasized the adverse effects of BDE209 on endocrine system. BDE209 may have a toxic effect not only on thyroid function but also on thyroid cancer tumorigenesis at multiple levels, such as by directly interfering with the TR, hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, enzyme activity, and methylation. However, it is impossible to draw a definitive conclusion on the exact pathway of thyroid toxicity from BDE209. Conclusions Although the toxic effects of BDE209 on the thyroid have been well investigated, its tumorigenic effects remain unclear and further research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinpei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaofeng Sui
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Moon S, Lee EK, Choi H, Park SK, Park YJ. Survival Comparison of Incidentally Found versus Clinically Detected Thyroid Cancers: An Analysis of a Nationwide Cohort Study. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2023; 38:81-92. [PMID: 36891655 PMCID: PMC10008651 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND The true benefit of thyroid cancer screening is incompletely understood. This study investigated the impact of ultrasound screening on thyroid cancer outcomes through a comparison with symptomatic thyroid cancer using data from a nationwide cohort study in Korea. METHODS Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and thyroid cancer-specific mortality. Considering the possible bias arising from age, sex, year of thyroid cancer registration, and confounding factors for mortality (including smoking/drinking status, diabetes, and hypertension), all analyses were conducted with stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) according to the route of detection. RESULTS Of 5,796 patients with thyroid cancer, 4,145 were included and 1,651 were excluded due to insufficient data. In comparison with the screening group, the clinical suspicion group was associated with large tumors (17.2±14.6 mm vs. 10.4±7.9 mm), advanced T stage (3-4) (odds ratio [OR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.41), extrathyroidal extension (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.32), and advanced stage (III-IV) (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.35). In IPTW-adjusted Cox regression analysis, the clinical suspicion group had significantly higher risks of all-cause mortality (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.80) and thyroid cancer-specific mortality (HR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.77 to 5.29). Mediation analysis showed that the presence of thyroid-specific symptoms was directly associated with a higher risk of cancer-specific mortality. Thyroid-specific symptoms also indirectly affected thyroid cancer-specific mortality, mediated by tumor size and advanced clinicopathologic status. CONCLUSION Our findings provide important evidence for the survival benefit of early detection of thyroid cancer compared to symptomatic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinje Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Eun Kyung Lee Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Korea Tel: +82-31-920-1743, Fax: +82-31-920-2798, E-mail:
| | - Hoonsung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sue K. Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Young Joo Park Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea Tel: +82-2-2072-4183, Fax: +82-2-764-2199, E-mail:
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Azizi M, Mami S, Noorimotlagh Z, Mirzaee SA, Silva Martinez S, Bazgir N. The role of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the induction of cancer: a systematic review of insight into their mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:9271-9289. [PMID: 36469279 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24538-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution caused by persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has increased the challenge for the scientific communities. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), classified as POPs, are widely applied in various materials as brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Because of the nature of these chemical compounds including toxicity, stability, and capability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify, PBDEs have posed a great challenge and risk to human health and wildlife. Therefore, the side effects of exposure to PBDEs as ubiquitous pollutants in the environment on cancer progression were investigated using a systematic review (SR) survey. To achieve this goal, forty studies were considered after defining the search terms and inclusion criteria, and/or exclusion criteria; the eligible records were collected from the international bibliographic databases. Based on the findings of the reviewed records, environmental exposure to the BFRs including PBDEs has a positive association with different mechanisms that induce cancer progression. However, the findings of the reviewed studies were not totally consistent with the mode of action and side effects are yet to be fully elucidated. Several articles have reported that BFRs can be carcinogenic and induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition via different mechanisms. The main mode of action involved in the environmental exposure to BFRs and the risk of cancer progression is endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress (OS). Generally, the imbalance of antioxidant mechanisms, reactive nitrogen species (RNSs) and reactive oxygen species (ROSs), during damage in cells, and stress caused OS, which increases tumorigenesis via multiple mechanisms, such as DNA damage, inflammation, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Azizi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mami
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Zahra Noorimotlagh
- Health and Environment Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Seyyed Abbas Mirzaee
- Health and Environment Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Susana Silva Martinez
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería Y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Nasrin Bazgir
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Kruger E, Toraih EA, Hussein MH, Shehata SA, Waheed A, Fawzy MS, Kandil E. Thyroid Carcinoma: A Review for 25 Years of Environmental Risk Factors Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246172. [PMID: 36551665 PMCID: PMC9777404 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors are established contributors to thyroid carcinomas. Due to their known ability to cause cancer, exposure to several organic and inorganic chemical toxicants and radiation from nuclear weapons, fallout, or medical radiation poses a threat to global public health. Halogenated substances like organochlorines and pesticides can interfere with thyroid function. Like phthalates and bisphenolates, polychlorinated biphenyls and their metabolites, along with polybrominated diethyl ethers, impact thyroid hormones biosynthesis, transport, binding to target organs, and impair thyroid function. A deeper understanding of environmental exposure is crucial for managing and preventing thyroid cancer. This review aims to investigate the relationship between environmental factors and the development of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kruger
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Eman A. Toraih
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.A.T.); (M.S.F.)
| | - Mohammad H. Hussein
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Shaimaa A. Shehata
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Amani Waheed
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Manal S. Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 1321, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (E.A.T.); (M.S.F.)
| | - Emad Kandil
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Kitahara CM, Schneider AB. Epidemiology of Thyroid Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1284-1297. [PMID: 35775227 PMCID: PMC9473679 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cari M. Kitahara
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arthur B. Schneider
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Ullmann TM, Liang H, Mora H, Greenberg J, Gray KD, Limberg J, Stefanova D, Zhu X, Finnerty B, Beninato T, Zarnegar R, Min I, Fahey TJ. Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Flame Retardants Causes Deoxyribonucleic Acid Damage in Human Thyroid Cells In Vitro. J Surg Res 2022; 279:77-83. [PMID: 35724546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in the United States has tripled in the past 30 y. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants that were ubiquitously used over that time period, and exposure to PBDEs has been associated with PTC prevalence. They are potential carcinogens via their induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and resultant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. We sought to determine the effects of PBDE and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), another flame retardant implicated in PTC incidence, on thyrocytes in vitro and measure PBDE levels in human thyroid tissue to determine their carcinogenic potential. METHODS Nthy-Ori, an immortalized benign human thyroid follicular cell line was used as a model of normal human thyroid. MTT assays were used to measure cell viability after exposure to PBDEs and TCEP. ROS levels and double-stranded and single-stranded DNA breaks were measured to determine genotoxicity. DNA damage response protein levels were measured with immunoblotting. RESULTS Exposure to 20μM PBDE or TCEP for 48 h had minimal effects on thyrocyte viability. There was no significant increase in intracellular ROS up to 6 h following PBDE or TCEP exposure in thyrocytes; however, cells exposed to PBDE 47 showed evidence of DNA single-stranded and double-stranded breaks. There was a dose-dependent increase in γH2AX levels following exposure to PBDEs 47 and 209 in Nthy-Ori cells but not with TCEP treatment. CONCLUSIONS PBDE 47 and 209 demonstrated genotoxicity but not cytotoxicity in follicular thyrocytes in vitro. Therefore, PBDE 47 and 209 may be carcinogenic in human thyroid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Ullmann
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Heng Liang
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hector Mora
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jacques Greenberg
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Katherine D Gray
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jessica Limberg
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Dessislava Stefanova
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Xin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Brendan Finnerty
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Toni Beninato
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Rasa Zarnegar
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Irene Min
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Thomas J Fahey
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York.
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12
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Paliya S, Mandpe A, Bombaywala S, Kumar MS, Kumar S, Morya VK. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environment: a wake-up call for concerted action in India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:44693-44715. [PMID: 34227009 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) used as flame retardants in the products utilized in day-to-day life. Their bioaccumulation, low volatility, and high persistence in the environment have led to their global spread even to remote and distant regions. The present study identifies gaps in the investigation of the neurotoxic potential of PBDEs, their effects on brain development, toxicokinetic, and their potential as a carcinogen. In India, to date, only human breast milk was assessed for levels of PBDEs, and it is suggested that other human tissues can also be explored. No data on the reproductive toxicity of PBDEs are reported from Indian cohorts. Long-range transport and deposition of PBDEs in colder regions necessitates monitoring of Himalayan regions in India. An inventory of PBDEs is required to be made for addressing the worrisome situation of the unregulated import of E-waste from the developed countries in India. The study also emphasizes providing guidelines for the articulation of policies regarding sound surveillance and management of PBDE production, consumption, and release in the Indian context. It is recommended that a separate cell for monitoring and follow-up of PBDEs should be established in India. Also, the development of better alternatives and environment-friendly remediation technologies for PBDEs is the need of the hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Paliya
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Ashootosh Mandpe
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Sakina Bombaywala
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Manukonda Suresh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India.
| | - Vivek Kumar Morya
- Adhita Biosciences Pvt. Ltd, SIIC Extension, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208 016, India
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13
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Alsen M, Sinclair C, Cooke P, Ziadkhanpour K, Genden E, van Gerwen M. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Thyroid Cancer: An Overview. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9010014. [PMID: 33477829 PMCID: PMC7832870 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDC) are known to alter thyroid function and have been associated with increased risk of certain cancers. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of available studies on the association between EDC exposure and thyroid cancer. Relevant studies were identified via a literature search in the National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health PubMed as well as a review of reference lists of all retrieved articles and of previously published relevant reviews. Overall, the current literature suggests that exposure to certain congeners of flame retardants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and phthalates as well as certain pesticides may potentially be associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer. However, future research is urgently needed to evaluate the different EDCs and their potential carcinogenic effect on the thyroid gland in humans as most EDCs have been studied sporadically and results are not consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilda Alsen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.A.); (C.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Catherine Sinclair
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.A.); (C.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Peter Cooke
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (P.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kimia Ziadkhanpour
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (P.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Eric Genden
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.A.); (C.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Maaike van Gerwen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.A.); (C.S.); (E.G.)
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Zhang Q, Hu M, Wu H, Niu Q, Lu X, He J, Huang F. Plasma polybrominated diphenyl ethers, urinary heavy metals and the risk of thyroid cancer: A case-control study in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116162. [PMID: 33303234 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has increased rapidly worldwide in recent years. Exposure to endocrine disruptors can affect thyroid hormones and is probably carcinogenic to humans. The effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), some heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As and Hg) on risk of TC have been rarely reported. Hence, we aimed to examine the associations of TC risk with exposure to PBDEs and four heavy metals. This case-control study involved 308 TC cases and 308 age- and sex-matched controls. Plasma PBDEs concentrations were determined by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry. Concentrations of heavy metals concentrations in urine specimens were detected by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Conditional logistic regression models were used to explore associations of PBDEs and 4 heavy metals exposures with TC risk. A joint-effect interaction term was inserted into the logistic regression models to assess the multiplicative interaction effects of PBDEs-heavy metals on TC risk. Some PBDE congeners (BDE-028, -047, -099, -183, -209) were positively correlated with TC risk. As and Hg were also associated with the increased TC risk. Compared with low exposure levels, participants with high exposure levels of As and Hg were 5.35 and 2.98 times more likely to have TC, respectively. Co-exposure to BDE-209 and Pb had a negative interaction effect on TC risk. Some PBDE congeners (e.g. BDE-028, -047, -209) and Hg had a significant positive interaction effect on the risk of TC. The joint exposure of BDE-183 and Hg showed a negative interaction effect on TC risk, but the corresponding OR value was still statistically significant. Exposure to PBDEs, As and Hg may be associated with TC development. Joint exposure to PBDEs and Pb or Hg has interaction effects on TC risk. Further prospective research with large sample is required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Mingjun Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Huabing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Qingshan Niu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Xuelei Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Jialiu He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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15
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Kassotis CD, Herkert NJ, Hammel SC, Hoffman K, Xia Q, Kullman SW, Sosa JA, Stapleton HM. Thyroid Receptor Antagonism of Chemicals Extracted from Personal Silicone Wristbands within a Papillary Thyroid Cancer Pilot Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15296-15312. [PMID: 33185092 PMCID: PMC7819617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that thyroid cancer incidence rates are increasing, and environmental exposures have been postulated to be playing a role. To explore this possibility, we conducted a pilot study to investigate the thyroid disrupting bioactivity of chemical mixtures isolated from personal silicone wristband samplers within a thyroid cancer cohort. Specifically, we evaluated TRβ antagonism of chemical mixtures extracted from wristbands (n = 72) worn by adults in central North Carolina participating in a case-control study on papillary thyroid cancer. Sections of wristbands were solvent-extracted and analyzed via mass spectrometry to quantify a suite of semivolatile chemicals. A second extract from each wristband was used in a bioassay to quantify TRβ antagonism in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293/17) at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10% of the original extract (by volume). Approximately 70% of the sample extracts tested at a 1% extract concentration exhibited significant TRβ antagonism, with a mean of 30% and a range of 0-100%. Inhibited cell viability was noted in >20% of samples that were tested at 5 and 10% concentrations. Antagonism was positively associated with wristband concentrations of several phthalates, organophosphate esters, and brominated flame retardants. These results suggest that personal passive samplers may be useful in evaluating the bioactivities of mixtures that people contact on a daily basis. We also report tentative associations between thyroid receptor antagonism, chemical concentrations, and papillary thyroid cancer case status. Future research utilizing larger sample sizes, prospective data collection, and measurement of serum thyroid hormone levels (which were not possible in this study) should be utilized to more comprehensively evaluate these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Kassotis
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nicholas J Herkert
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Stephanie C Hammel
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Qianyi Xia
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Seth W Kullman
- Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Julie Ann Sosa
- Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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16
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Brito PM, Biscaia SMP, de Souza TL, Ramos AB, Leão-Buchir J, de Almeida Roque A, de Lima Bellan D, da Silva Trindade E, Filipak Neto F, de Oliveira Ribeiro CA. Oral exposure to BDE-209 modulates metastatic spread of melanoma in C57BL/6 mice inoculated with B16-F10 cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127556. [PMID: 32682134 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are brominated, persistent and bioaccumulative flame retardants widely used in the manufacture of plastic products. Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is the most prevalent PBDE in the atmosphere and found in human blood, breast milk and umbilical cord. In vitro studies showed that BDE-209 interferes with murine melanoma cells (B16F10), modulating cell death rates, proliferation and migration, important events for cancer progression. In order to evaluate if BDE-209 modulates metastasis formation in murine models, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to BDE-209 (0.08, 0.8 and 8 μg⁄kg) via gavage (5-day intervals for 45 days) (9 doses in total). Then, mice were inoculated with melanoma cells (B16-F10) at caudal vein receiving 4 additional doses of BDE-209. At 20th day post-cell inoculation, blood, lung, liver, kidney and brain were sampled for hematological, biochemical and morphological analyses. The slightly higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the blood and pro-oxidant state in the liver of BDE-exposed mice indicated liver damage. Although the in vivo approach is for metastasis formation in the lung, they were unexpectedly observed in non-target organs (liver, brain, kidney and gonads). The similarity test showed high proximity among individuals from the control and a dissimilarity index between the control and exposed groups. The present data corroborate the known hepatotoxicity of BDE-209 to mice (C57BL/6) and demonstrate for the first time the increase of metastatic dissemination of B16F10 cells in vivo due to previous and continuous BDE-209 exposure, revealing possible implications of this organic compound with melanoma malignancy related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Manuitt Brito
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Stellee Marcela Petris Biscaia
- Laboratório de Investigações de Polissacarídeos Sulfatados, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Tugstenio Lima de Souza
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Amandia Batscheuer Ramos
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Joelma Leão-Buchir
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Aliciane de Almeida Roque
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Lima Bellan
- Laboratório de Investigações de Polissacarídeos Sulfatados, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo da Silva Trindade
- Laboratório de Investigações de Polissacarídeos Sulfatados, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Francisco Filipak Neto
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, Brazil.
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17
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Pitto L, Gorini F, Bianchi F, Guzzolino E. New Insights into Mechanisms of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Thyroid Diseases: The Epigenetic Way. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217787. [PMID: 33114343 PMCID: PMC7662297 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the presence in the environment of chemical compounds with thyroid-disrupting effects is progressively increased. This phenomenon has risen concern for human health as the preservation of thyroid system homeostasis is essential for fetal development and for maintaining psychological and physiological wellbeing. An increasing number of studies explored the role of different classes of toxicants in the occurrence and severity of thyroid diseases, but large epidemiological studies are limited and only a few animal or in vitro studies have attempted to identify the mechanisms of chemical action. Recently, epigenetic changes such as alteration of methylation status or modification of non-coding RNAs have been suggested as correlated to possible deleterious effects leading to different thyroid disorders in susceptible individuals. This review aims to analyze the epigenetic alterations putatively induced by chemical exposures and involved in the onset of frequent thyroid diseases such as thyroid cancer, autoimmune thyroiditis and disruption of fetal thyroid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Pitto
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.G.); (F.B.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 39-050-3153090
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.G.); (F.B.); (E.G.)
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.G.); (F.B.); (E.G.)
| | - Elena Guzzolino
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.G.); (F.B.); (E.G.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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18
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Wu Z, He C, Han W, Song J, Li H, Zhang Y, Jing X, Wu W. Exposure pathways, levels and toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in humans: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109531. [PMID: 32454306 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are extensively used as brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in different types of materials, which have been listed as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) by the Stockholm Convention in 2009 and 2017. Due to their ubiquities in the environment and toxicities, PBDEs have posed great threat to both human health and ecosystems. The aim of this review is to offer a comprehensive understanding of the exposure pathways, levels and trends and associated health risks of PBDEs in human body in a global scale. We systematically reviewed and described the scientific data of PBDE researches worldwide from 2010 to March 2020, focusing on the following three areas: (1) sources and human external exposure pathways of PBDEs; (2) PBDE levels and trends in humans; (3) human data of PBDEs toxicity. Dietary intake and dust ingestion are dominant human exposure pathways. PBDEs were widely detected in human samples, especially in human serum and human milk. Data showed that PBDEs are generally declining in human samples worldwide as a result of their phasing out. Due to the common use of PBDEs, their levels in humans from the USA were generally higher than that in other countries. High concentrations of PBDEs have been detected in humans from PBDE production regions and e-waste recycling sites. BDE-47, -153 and -99 were proved to be the primary congeners in humans. Human toxicity data demonstrated that PBDEs have extensively endocrine disruption effects, developmental effects, and carcinogenic effects among different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhineng Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Chang He
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 4102, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wei Han
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jie Song
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Huijun Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yadi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiaohua Jing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455002, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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19
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Fathoming the link between anthropogenic chemical contamination and thyroid cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 150:102950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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20
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Iqbal A, Azhar S, Ibrahim NA, Kharaba ZJ, Iqbal MM, Khan SA, Arfat Yameen M, Murtaza G. Thyroid cancer risk factors and Pakistani University students' awareness towards its preventive practice. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2020; 27:570-578. [PMID: 32437225 DOI: 10.1177/1078155220925166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thyroid Cancer is one of the rarest cancers but its prevalence has been increasing worldwide for the last couple of decades. METHODS The data collection tool was designed to assess knowledge, awareness, perception, and attitude towards preventive practices of thyroid cancer in Pakistani university students. The data were collected over a duration of six months and a total number of 3722 students participated. RESULTS The knowledge of risk factors of thyroid cancer was an important parameter of this study. The students who knew all the early signs of thyroid cancer were 28.7%. In this study, the independent variables such as age, gender, demographic location, and financial status were found to be highly significant with knowledge, attitude towards warning signs of cancer, and the perception of students about developing thyroid cancer. CONCLUSIONS The participants were found to have poor knowledge about early signs of thyroid cancer. The study participants perception, behavior, and attitude towards preventive practices of thyroid cancer were found inadequate and appropriate measures on a National level should be taken to enhance the knowledge about preventive practices of thyroid cancer. Increasing knowledge and awareness shall help decrease the overall morbidity and mortality linked with thyroid carcinomas and thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan.,Division of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Saira Azhar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Nihal A Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zelal J Kharaba
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Shujaat A Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
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21
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Huang H, Sjodin A, Chen Y, Ni X, Ma S, Yu H, Ward MH, Udelsman R, Rusiecki J, Zhang Y. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, Polybrominated Biphenyls, and Risk of Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study. Am J Epidemiol 2020; 189:120-132. [PMID: 31742588 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A nested case-control study was carried out using data from the US Department of Defense cohort between 2000 and 2013 to investigate the associations of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) with serum concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated biphenyls. This study included 742 histologically confirmed PTC cases (in 341 women and 401 men) and 742 matched controls with prediagnostic serum samples from the Department of Defense Serum Repository. Lipid-corrected serum concentrations of 8 congeners were measured. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses were performed for classical PTC and follicular variant of PTC, respectively. We also examined effect modification by sex. BDE-28, a polybrominated diphenyl ether congener, was associated with significantly increased risk of classical PTC (for the third tertile vs. below the limit of detection, odds ratio = 2.09, 95% confidence interval: 1.05, 4.15; P for trend = 0.02), adjusting for other congeners, body mass index, and branch of military service. This association was observed mainly for larger classical PTC (tumor size > 10 mm), with a significantly stronger association among women than men (P for interaction = 0.004). No consistent associations were observed for other congeners, including those at higher concentrations. This study found a significantly increased risk of classical PTC associated with increasing levels of BDE-28. The risk varied by sex and tumor size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andreas Sjodin
- Persistent Pollutants Biomonitoring Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yingtai Chen
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut
- Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangge Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Herbert Yu
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Robert Udelsman
- Endocrine Neoplasia Institute, Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, Florida
| | - Jennifer Rusiecki
- and Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut
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22
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Kim J, Gosnell JE, Roman SA. Geographic influences in the global rise of thyroid cancer. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:17-29. [PMID: 31616074 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer is on the rise, and this disease is projected to become the fourth leading type of cancer across the globe. From 1990 to 2013, the global age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer increased by 20%. This global rise in incidence has been attributed to several factors, including increased detection of early tumours, the elevated prevalence of modifiable individual risk factors (for example, obesity) and increased exposure to environmental risk factors (for example, iodine levels). In this Review, we explore proven and novel hypotheses for how modifiable risk factors and environmental exposures might be driving the worldwide increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer. Although overscreening and the increased diagnosis of possibly clinically insignificant disease might have a role in certain parts of the world, other areas could be experiencing a true increase in incidence due to elevated exposure risks. In the current era of personalized medicine, national and international registry data should be applied to identify populations who are at increased risk for the development of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Kim
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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23
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McLeod DSA, Zhang L, Durante C, Cooper DS. Contemporary Debates in Adult Papillary Thyroid Cancer Management. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:1481-1499. [PMID: 31322698 DOI: 10.1210/er.2019-00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An ever-increasing population of patients with papillary thyroid cancer is engaging with health care systems around the world. Numerous questions about optimal management have arisen that challenge conventional paradigms. This is particularly the case for patients with low-risk disease, who comprise most new patients. At the same time, new therapies for patients with advanced disease are also being introduced, which may have the potential to prolong life. This review discusses selected controversial issues in adult papillary thyroid cancer management at both ends of the disease spectrum. These topics include: (i) the role of active surveillance for small papillary cancers; (ii) the extent of surgery in low-risk disease (lobectomy vs total thyroidectomy); (iii) the role of postoperative remnant ablation with radioiodine; (iv) optimal follow-up strategies in patients, especially those who have only undergone lobectomy; and (v) new therapies for advanced disease. Although our current management is hampered by the lack of large randomized controlled trials, we are fortunate that data from ongoing trials will be available within the next few years. This information should provide additional evidence that will decrease morbidity in low-risk patients and improve outcomes in those with distant metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald S A McLeod
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cosimo Durante
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - David S Cooper
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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24
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Han X, Meng L, Li Y, Li A, Turyk ME, Yang R, Wang P, Xiao K, Li W, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Jiang G. Associations between Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants and Thyroid Function in a Case-Control Study of East China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9866-9875. [PMID: 31355638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Animal studies have indicated that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) affect thyroid hormone homeostasis, while epidemiological studies involving human have not shown consistent results. In this study, we investigated the associations between POP exposure and thyroid function among adult population of East China. One hundred eighty-six participants diagnosed with thyroid disease and 186 participants without thyroid disease from Shandong, China were enrolled in the case-control study during 2016 to 2017. We found that POP exposure was significantly and positively associated with the risk of thyroid disease. The association of thyroid disease with a sum of 17 POPs followed a nonmonotonic dose response, with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.09 (95% confidence intervals: 1.13-3.87, p = 0.019) for the second quartile. Among 186 participants in the control group, concentrations of POPs showed negative associations with triiodothyronine (T3), free T3 (FT3), thyroxine (T4), and free T4 (FT4) in males and positive associations with T4 and FT4 in females. Taken together, these findings suggest that POP exposure can disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis and increase the risk of thyroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Lingling Meng
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University , Jinan 250014 , China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - An Li
- School of Public Health , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | - Mary E Turyk
- School of Public Health , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Pu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Ke Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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25
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Deziel NC, Alfonso-Garrido J, Warren JL, Huang H, Sjodin A, Zhang Y. Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and a Polybrominated Biphenyl and Risk of Thyroid Cancer in Women: Single and Multi-Pollutant Approaches. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1755-1764. [PMID: 31387967 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer incidence is the most rapidly increasing malignancy; rates are three times higher in women than men. Thyroid hormone-disrupting flame-retardant chemicals, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), may contribute to this trend. METHODS We investigated the relationship between PBDE/PBB exposure and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in 250 incident female papillary thyroid cancer cases and 250 female controls frequency-matched on age. Interviews and postdiagnostic serum samples were collected from 2010 to 2013. Serum samples were analyzed for 11 congeners. We calculated ORs and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using single-pollutant logistic regression models for continuous and categorical lipid-adjusted serum concentrations of PBDE/PBB, adjusted for age, alcohol consumption, and education. We applied three multi-pollutant approaches [standard multipollutant regression models, hierarchical Bayesian logistic regression modeling (HBLR), principal components analysis (PCA)] to investigate associations with PBDE/PBB mixtures. RESULTS In single-pollutant models, a decreased risk was observed at the highest (>90th percentile) versus lowest (<median) category of BDE-209 concentrations (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.23-0.98); an elevated PTC risk was observed at the highest versus lowest category of BB-153 concentrations (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 0.96-3.39). In standard multi-pollutant models, an interquartile range increase in BDE-100 concentrations was associated with increased PTC risk (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01-1.38). HBLR and PCA yielded no statistically significant results. CONCLUSIONS Our results using single- and multi-pollutant modeling do not generally support a positive association with PBDE/PBB and PTC risk. IMPACT Prospective studies with more advanced statistical approaches to analyze mixtures and populations with higher exposures could reveal new insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Deziel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Javier Alfonso-Garrido
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joshua L Warren
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andreas Sjodin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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26
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Zuo Y, Rui Y, Xu J, Yang L, Yi Z. Multi-spectroscopic and molecular dynamics simulations investigation of the binding mechanism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers to hen egg white lysozyme. LUMINESCENCE 2019; 34:749-758. [PMID: 31264372 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Three PBDEs (BDE25, BDE47, and BDE154) were selected to investigate the interactions between PBDEs and hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) by molecular modeling, fluorescence spectroscopy, and FT-IR spectra. The docking results showed that hydrogen bonds were formed between BDE25 and residue TRP63 and between BDE47 and TRP63 with bond lengths of 2.178 Å and 2.146 Å, respectively. The molecular dynamics simulations indicated that van der Waals forces played a predominant role in the binding of three PBDEs to HEWL. The observed fluorescence quenching can be attributed to the formation of complexes between HEWL and PBDEs, and the quenching mechanism is a static quenching. According to Förster's non-radiative energy transfer theory, the binding distances r were < 7 nm, indicating a high probability of energy transfer from HEWL to the three PBDEs. The synchronous fluorescence showed that the emission maximum wavelength of tryptophan (TRP) residues emerged a red-shift. FT-IR spectra indicated that BDE25, BDE47 and BDE154 induced the α-helix percentage of HEWL decreased from 32.70% ± 1.64% to 28.27% ± 1.41%, 27.50% ± 1.38% and 29.78% ± 1.49%, respectively, whereas the percentage of random coil increased from 26.67% ± 1.33% to 27.60% ± 1.38%, 29.18% ± 1.46% and 30.59% ± 1.53%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Zuo
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Yuefan Rui
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Lulu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Zhongsheng Yi
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
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27
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Hurley S, Goldberg D, Park JS, Petreas M, Bernstein L, Anton-Culver H, Neuhausen SL, Nelson DO, Reynolds P. A breast cancer case-control study of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) serum levels among California women. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:412-419. [PMID: 30954728 PMCID: PMC6522143 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are among the most persistent and pervasive global environmental contaminants. Their toxic and endocrine-disrupting properties have made them a focus of concern for breast cancer. Our objective was to evaluate the risk of breast cancer associated with serum PBDE levels in a case-control study nested within the California Teachers Study. METHODS Participants were 902 women with invasive breast cancer (cases) and 936 with no such diagnosis (controls) who provided 10 mL of blood and were interviewed between 2011 and 2015. Blood samples were collected from cases an average of 35 months after diagnosis. PBDEs were measured in serum using automated solid phase extraction and gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses were restricted to the three congeners with detection frequencies ≥75%: 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-100), and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-153). Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each BDE congener, adjusting for serum lipids and other potential confounders. RESULTS The OR for each of the three BDE congeners was close to unity with a CI that included one. Analyses stratified by menopausal status, tumor hormone responsiveness, BMI, and changes in body weight yielded similarly null results. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide no evidence that serum levels of BDE-47, BDE-100 or BDE-153 are associated with breast cancer risk. These results should be interpreted in the context of study limitations which include the reliance on PBDE measurements that may not represent pre-diagnostic, early-life or chronic exposures and a lack of information on genetic polymorphisms and other factors which may affect endogenous estrogen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hurley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Debbie Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Myrto Petreas
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - David O Nelson
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peggy Reynolds
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford, CA, USA
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28
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Bernier MO, Withrow DR, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Lam CJK, Linet MS, Kitahara CM, Shiels MS. Trends in pediatric thyroid cancer incidence in the United States, 1998-2013. Cancer 2019; 125:2497-2505. [PMID: 31012956 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) rates have increased over time in the United States and worldwide. Improvements in imaging for the diagnosis of DTC have been hypothesized as a potential driver of these increases. This study stratifies temporal trends in pediatric DTC by stage and tumor size to assess whether rates of large, late-stage cancers, which are likely to be clinically meaningful, are increasing over time. METHODS Age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) of DTC and annual percent changes (APCs) in primary DTC rates were estimated for 0- to 19-year-olds with data from 39 US cancer registries during 1998-2013. RESULTS During 1998-2013, 7296 cases of DTC were diagnosed (6652 papillary cases and 644 follicular cases). APCs of pediatric DTCs significantly increased by 4.43%/y [95% CI, 3.74%/y-5.13%/y], primarily because of increases in papillary histologies. Increasing trends were observed for children aged 10 to 19 years for both sexes and for non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Hispanics. Rates increased significantly over the time period for all tumor stages (APClocalized , +4.06%/y [95% CI, 2.84%/y-5.29%/y]; APCregional , +5.68%/y [95% CI, 4.64%/y-6.73%/y]; APCdistant , +8.55%/y [95% CI, 5.03%/y-12.19%/y]) and across tumor sizes (APC<1 cm , +9.46%/y [95% CI, 6.13%/y-12.90%/y]; APC1-2 cm , +6.92%/y [95% CI, 4.31%/y-9.60%/y]; APC>2 cm , +4.69%/y [95% CI, 2.75%/y-6.67%/y]). CONCLUSIONS Significantly increasing rates of DTC over time among 10- to 19-year-olds in the United States are unlikely to be entirely explained by increases in medical surveillance during childhood because rates of large and late-stage DTC are increasing over time. Future studies should examine environmental and other factors that may be contributing to rising DTC rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Odile Bernier
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety Institute, Fontenay aux Roses, France.,Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Diana R Withrow
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amy Berrington de Gonzalez
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Clara J K Lam
- Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Martha S Linet
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cari M Kitahara
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Meredith S Shiels
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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29
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Fiore M, Oliveri Conti G, Caltabiano R, Buffone A, Zuccarello P, Cormaci L, Cannizzaro MA, Ferrante M. Role of Emerging Environmental Risk Factors in Thyroid Cancer: A Brief Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16071185. [PMID: 30986998 PMCID: PMC6480006 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors are recognized as risk factors of thyroid cancer in humans. Exposure to radiation, both from nuclear weapon or fallout or medical radiation, and to some organic and inorganic chemical toxicants represent a worldwide public health issue for their proven carcinogenicity. Halogenated compounds, such as organochlorines and pesticides, are able to disrupt thyroid function. Polychlorinated biphenyls and their metabolites and polybrominated diethyl ethers bind to thyroid, transport proteins, replace thyroxin, and disrupt thyroid function as phthalates and bisphenolates do, highly mimicking thyroid hormones. A better knowledge of environmental risks represents a very important tool for cancer prevention through true risks prevention and management. This approach is very important because of the epigenetic origin’s theory of cancer. Therefore, the aim of this review was study the association between environmental agents and thyroid cancer promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fiore
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA), Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA), Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Anatomic Pathology, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonino Buffone
- Department of General Surgery and Specialty Medical Surgery, Endocrine surgery, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele P.O. G. Rodolico, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Pietro Zuccarello
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA), Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Livia Cormaci
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Specializaton School, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, "G.F. Ingrassia", 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Matteo Angelo Cannizzaro
- Chirugia Generale, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, "G.F. Ingrassia", 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA), Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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30
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Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer worldwide has increased significantly over the past 3 decades, due predominantly to an increase in papillary thyroid cancer. Although most of these cancers are small and localized, population-based studies have documented a significant increase in thyroid cancers of all sizes and stages, in addition to incidence-based mortality for papillary thyroid cancer. This suggests that the increasing incidence of thyroid cancer is due in large part to increasing surveillance and overdiagnosis, but that there also appears to be a true increase in new cases of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Dacey Seib
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, 4th Floor, Box 1674, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Julie Ann Sosa
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Suite S320, Box 0104, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Suite S320, Box 0104, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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31
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ZNF703 is Overexpressed in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Tissues and Mediates K1 Cell Proliferation. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 26:355-364. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Gorini F, Iervasi G, Coi A, Pitto L, Bianchi F. The Role of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Thyroid Carcinogenesis: Is It a Weak Hypothesis or a Hidden Reality? From Facts to New Perspectives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091834. [PMID: 30149577 PMCID: PMC6165121 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased faster than that of any other malignant tumor type. The cause of thyroid cancer is likely multifactorial and a variety of both exogenous and endogenous has been identified as potential risk factors. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), used since the 1970s as flame retardants, are still widespread and persistent pollutants today, although their production was definitely phased out in the western countries several years ago. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers are known endocrine disruptors, and the endocrine system is their primary target. Whereas animal studies have ascertained the ability of PBDEs to affect the normal functionality of the thyroid, evidence in humans remains inconclusive, and only a few epidemiological studies investigated the association between exposure to PBDEs and thyroid cancer. However, a number of clues suggest that a prolonged exposure to these chemicals might act a trigger of the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, whereas further studies with an advanced design are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gorini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Iervasi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessio Coi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Letizia Pitto
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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33
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A global database of polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardant congeners in foods and supplements. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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An update in international trends in incidence rates of thyroid cancer, 1973–2007. Cancer Causes Control 2018; 29:465-473. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-018-1023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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35
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Sanabria A, Kowalski LP, Shah JP, Nixon IJ, Angelos P, Williams MD, Rinaldo A, Ferlito A. Growing incidence of thyroid carcinoma in recent years: Factors underlying overdiagnosis. Head Neck 2017; 40:855-866. [PMID: 29206325 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing incidence of well-differentiated thyroid cancer worldwide. Much of the increase is secondary to increased detection of small, low-risk tumors, with questionable clinical significance. This review addresses the factors that contribute to the increasing incidence and considers environmental, and patient-based and clinician-led influences. Articles addressing the causes of the increased incidence were critically reviewed. A complex interplay of environmental, medical, and social pressures has resulted in increased awareness of the thyroid disease risk, increased screening of thyroid cancers, and increased diagnosis of thyroid cancers. Although there is evidence to suggest that the true disease incidence may be changing slightly, most of the increase is related to factors that promote early diagnosis of low-risk lesions, which is resulting in a significant phenomenon of overdiagnosis. An improved understanding of these pressures at a global level will enable healthcare policymakers to react appropriately to this challenge in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Sanabria
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Clinica Vida/Instituto de Cancerología Las Americas, Medellin, Colombia, South America
| | - Luiz P Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jatin P Shah
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Peter Angelos
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michelle D Williams
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology/Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group
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Hoffman K, Lorenzo A, Butt CM, Hammel SC, Henderson BB, Roman SA, Scheri RP, Stapleton HM, Sosa JA. Exposure to flame retardant chemicals and occurrence and severity of papillary thyroid cancer: A case-control study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 107:235-242. [PMID: 28772138 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is the fastest increasing cancer in the U.S., and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) accounts for >80% of incident cases. Increasing exposure to flame retardant chemicals (FRs) has raised concerns about their possible role in this 'epidemic'. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that higher exposure to FRs is associated with increased odds of PTC. METHODS PTC patients at the Duke Cancer Institute were approached and invited to participate. Age- and gender-matched controls were recruited from the Duke Health System and surrounding communities. Because suitable biomarkers of long-term exposure do not exist for many common FRs, and levels of FRs in dust are significantly correlated with exposure, relationships between FRs in household dust and PTC were evaluated in addition to available biomarkers. PTC status, measures of aggressiveness (e.g. tumor size) and BRAF V600E mutation were included as outcomes. RESULTS Higher levels of some FRs, particularly decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate in dust, were associated with increased odds of PTC. Participants with dust BDE-209 concentrations above the median level were 2.29 times as likely to have PTC [95% confidence interval: 1.03, 5.08] compared to those with low BDE-209 concentrations. Associations varied based on tumor aggressiveness and mutation status; TCEP was more strongly associated with larger, more aggressive tumors and BDE-209 was associated with smaller, less aggressive tumors. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest exposure to FRs in the home, particularly BDE-209 and TCEP, may be associated with PTC occurrence and severity, and warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Amelia Lorenzo
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Craig M Butt
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Stephanie C Hammel
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Brittany Bohinc Henderson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center and Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Sanziana A Roman
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Randall P Scheri
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Julie Ann Sosa
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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37
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Liu FC, Lin HT, Lin SF, Kuo CF, Chung TT, Yu HP. Nationwide cohort study on the epidemiology and survival outcomes of thyroid cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78429-78451. [PMID: 29108240 PMCID: PMC5667973 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past three decades, the thyroid cancer incidence has surged globally. Herein, the Taiwan National Health Insurance database was used to identify thyroid cancer patients and to estimate the prevalence and incidence of thyroid cancer during 1997-2012. The Taiwan Cancer Registry and the National Death Registry databases were crosslinked to obtain information on the histological subtypes and survival rates. Joinpoint regression analysis was used for estimating the average annual percentage changes (APCs) in prevalence, incidence, and survival. The age-standardized incidence of thyroid cancer increased from 5.66 per 100,000 person-years in 1997 to 12.30 per 100,000 person-years in 2012, with an average APC of 5.1 (6.9 in males, 4.6 in females). Thyroid cancer was more prevalent in patients with high socioeconomic status and in urban areas. Papillary carcinoma was the most abundant subtype, with a 2.9-fold increase of incident cases noted during 1998-2012 (from 80.6% to 89.8% of all cases). Among the different treatments, partial thyroidectomy increased the most (average APC, 17.3). The overall survival rates by sex and subtype remained stable over time, with 5-year survival rates of 90.2% in 1997 and 92.4% in 2010. In conclusion, 2.2- and 4.2-fold increases in the incidence and prevalence of thyroid cancer, respectively, were observed during 1997-2012 in Taiwan. The surging incidence of thyroid cancer but stable survival rates, and mainly increased in the papillary subtype, altogether imply enhanced detection of subclinical lesions. A true increase due to environmental carcinogens might also be responsible, but warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Tang Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Fu Kuo
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ting-Ting Chung
- Office for Big Data Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Park BM, Yoon OJ, Lee DH. Global DNA Methylation Patterns and Gene Expression Associated with Obesity-Susceptibility in Offspring of Pregnant Sprague-Dawley Rats Exposed to BDE-47 and BDE-209. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2017.49.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Min Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ok-Jin Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Hoffman K, Sosa JA, Stapleton HM. Do flame retardant chemicals increase the risk for thyroid dysregulation and cancer? Curr Opin Oncol 2017; 29:7-13. [PMID: 27755165 PMCID: PMC10037316 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Flame retardant chemicals are added to consumer products to reduce fire incidence and severity; approximately 1.5 million tons of these chemicals are used annually. However, their widespread use has led to their ubiquitous presence in the environment and chronic accumulation in human tissues. We summarize current trends in human flame retardant chemical exposure, and review recent data highlighting concerns for thyroid dysregulation and cancer risk in human populations. RECENT FINDINGS Polybrominated diphenyl ethers were once commonly used as flame retardant chemicals, but recently were phased out. Exposure is associated with thyroid dysregulation (mainly T4 reductions) in animals, with new work focusing on specific mechanisms of action. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers also impact human thyroid regulation and are related to clinical thyroid disease, but associations appear both dose and life-stage dependent. Emerging data suggest that common alternate flame retardant chemicals may be more potent thyroid disruptors than their predecessors, which is particularly concerning given increasing levels of exposure. SUMMARY Potential health impacts of flame retardant chemicals are only beginning to be understood for 'legacy flame retardant chemicals' (i.e., polybrominated diphenyl ethers), and are largely unevaluated for newer-use chemicals. Cumulatively, current data suggest impact on thyroid regulation is likely, potentially implicating flame retardant chemicals in thyroid disease and cancers for which thyroid dysregulation impacts risk or prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hoffman
- aNicholas School of the Environment, Duke University bDepartments of Surgery and Medicine cDuke Cancer Institute and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Guo W, Holden A, Smith SC, Gephart R, Petreas M, Park JS. PBDE levels in breast milk are decreasing in California. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 150:505-513. [PMID: 26693645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To assess the efficacy of the bans in reducing PBDE levels, we recruited 67 California first time mothers (sampled during 2009-2012) and collected cord blood at birth (n = 31), breast milk (n = 66) and maternal blood (n = 65) at 3-8 weeks postpartum. Using the same sample extraction procedures and analytical instrumentation method (GC-HRMS), we compared PBDE as well as PCB levels in these breast milk samples to those from our previous study (n = 82, sampled during 2003-2005) and found that the sum of PBDEs over the ∼7 year course declined by 39% (GeoMean = 67.8 ng/g lipid in 2003-2005; 41.5 ng/g lipid in 2009-2012) and that the sum of PCBs declined by 36% (GeoMean = 71.6 ng/g lipid in 2003-2005; 45.7 ng/g lipid in 2009-2012). This supports our earlier finding of a PBDE decline (39%) in blood. We also found that the PBDE concentrations and congener profiles were similar in breast milk and their matched maternal/cord blood: BDE-47 was the dominant congener, followed by BDE-153, -99, and -100. Similar levels and congener profiles of PBDEs in these matrices suggest that they are at equilibrium. Therefore, we propose that maternal serum levels may be used to predict an infant's daily dose of PBDE exposure from breastfeeding when breast milk levels are not available. In addition, our study confirmed that breastfeeding babies are still exposed to high levels of PBDEs, even though PBDE levels are decreasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Guo
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA.
| | - Arthur Holden
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA
| | - Sabrina Crispo Smith
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA; Sequoia Foundation, La Jolla, USA
| | | | - Myrto Petreas
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA
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