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Gagliano V, Gehrig D, Del Giorno R, Gianini J, Gabutti L. A Population-Based Scoring System to Assess the Impact of Individual Risk Factors on Vascular Health. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1373-1383. [PMID: 37728581 PMCID: PMC11081151 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness is an indicator of vascular health, influenced by both pathological conditions and physiological determinants, noticeably age. Augmentation index (AI) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) are used among others to assess arterial stiffness. Several risk factors may contribute to pathologically increase arterial stiffness and produce early vascular aging. Our study aims to assess the impact of individual risk factors on vascular health, evaluating the distribution of PWV and AI values in a cohort of adult people without modifiable cardiovascular risk factors while analyzing their role in accelerating vascular ageing. We performed a secondary analysis of a Swiss population-based research project, which took place in 2017 and 2018. Of the 1202 participants originally enrolled, 1097 were included in the final sample. The population was divided into without (n=388) and with risk factors (n=709), based on the presence of the following: smoking, diabetes, previous cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease stage 3 or more, LDL cholesterol ≥ 4.11 or treatment with hypolipidemic drugs, hypertension or treatment with antihypertensive drugs, and metabolic syndrome. Tonometric and oscillometric devices were employed to assess PWV, and the 75th percentiles of PWV and AI in the population without risk factors were calculated to identify cut-offs for the logistic regression analysis. We developed nomograms by assigning a numerical score to each independent prognostic factor; the total score estimating the probability of PWVs and AIs being over the defined cut-offs. Patients with hypertension, diabetes, and obesity showed higher PWV values (p < 0.001). In the univariate logistic regression, factors predictive for higher PWV values were diabetes, CVDs, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension, while CVDs, antihyperlipidemic treatment, hypertension, and increased BMI were predictive in the multivariate logistic regression. Smoking did not significantly influence arterial stiffness parameters. The present study provides reference values for PWV and AI in subjects without modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and, through nomograms, a risk score stratification to assess the impact of individual risk factors on vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Gagliano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Research Unit, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona and Valli, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - David Gehrig
- Faculty of Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
| | - Rosaria Del Giorno
- Faculty of Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
- Angiology service, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jvan Gianini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Research Unit, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona and Valli, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Gabutti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Research Unit, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona and Valli, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
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Wang X, Chen G, Huang Z, Zang Y, Cai Z, Ding X, Chen Z, Lan Y, Li W, Fang W, Wu W, Chen Z, Wu S, Chen Y. Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in Individuals with Different Smoking Statuses. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:48-55. [PMID: 36332620 PMCID: PMC9815950 DOI: 10.1055/a-1925-7588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of acute bout of aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness in individuals with different smoking statuses. A total of 940 male individuals (mean age of 36.82±7.76 years) in the Kailuan study cohort were selected to participate in the fifth National Physical Fitness Monitoring. All participants completed measurements of brachial - ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) before and after twice-quantitative cycle ergometer exercise. Four groups were defined: (1) non-smokers (n=231), (2) former smokers (n=165), (3) light smokers (1-10 cigarettes/day, n=254), (4) heavy smokers (>10 cigarettes/day, n=290). Generalized linear models were established to analyze between-group differences in the change in baPWV before and after acute aerobic exercise in individuals with different smoking statuses. Overall, after acute aerobic exercise, baPWV was immediately decreased significantly (-33.55 cm/s [95% CI, - 39.69 to -27.42]). Compared with non-smokers, former smokers, light smokers, and heavy smokers showed a greater decrease in baPWV (-12.17 cm/s [95%CI, - 30.08 to 5.75], - 18.43 cm/s [95%CI, -34.69 to - 2.16], and -22.46 cm/s [95%CI, - 38.39 to - 6.54]) respectively. There is a transient decrease in baPWV in individuals with different smoking statuses. Compared with non-smokers, baPWV decreased more significantly in light and heavy smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Guanzhi Chen
- Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang,
China
| | - Zegui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou
University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yiran Zang
- Graduate School, North China University of Science and Technology,
Tangshan, China
| | - Zefeng Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou
University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiong Ding
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and
Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zekai Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen,
Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yulong Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou
University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Weijian Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou
University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou
University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Weiqiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou
University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou
University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan,
China
| | - Youren Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Correspondence Mr. Youren Chen Department of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical
CollegeNo.69, Dongxia North Road515000
ShantouChina
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Yoo TK, Rhim HC, Park SH, Park S, Lee JY. Relationship between physical fitness and arterial stiffness in Korean older adults. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30617. [PMID: 36197273 PMCID: PMC9509115 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulse-wave velocity (PWV) is a widely used clinical marker of arterial stiffness. Associations between several physical fitness measures and arterial stiffness have been examined. However, these results were inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the relationship between various physical fitness parameters and arterial stiffness in older adults. From January 2014 to December 2015, 1500 participants (men, n = 587; mean age, 71.78 ± 5.10 years) in South Korea were enrolled in the study. Koreans aged >65 years who agreed to participate in the study were enrolled. Individuals who were unable to exercise because of underlying conditions were excluded. VO2 max (mL/kg/min), handgrip strength (kg), handgrip strength (kg)/body weight (kg) ratio, one-leg standing time (s), and 10-meter walking speed (m/s) were measured. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured using a VP-1000 instrument. VO2 max (mL/kg/min), handgrip (kg)/body weight (kg) ratio, one-leg standing time (s), and 10-meter walking speed (m/s) were significantly inversely associated with baPWV. This association was consistent even after adjusting for confounding factors. Our study revealed a significant association between various aspects of physical fitness and arterial stiffness. This study suggests that physical fitness is a useful predictor of arterial stiffness in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kyung Yoo
- Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Hye Chang Rhim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School/Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soo Hyun Park
- Division of Sports Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Saejong Park
- Division of Sports Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Jong-Young Lee, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of KoreaSaejong Park, Division of Sports Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea (e-mail: and )
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Jong-Young Lee, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of KoreaSaejong Park, Division of Sports Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea (e-mail: and )
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Serum Adipocyte Fatty-Acid Binding Protein as an Independent Marker of Peripheral Artery Disease in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159459. [PMID: 35954815 PMCID: PMC9368644 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The adipocyte fatty-acid binding protein (A-FABP) is predominantly expressed in macrophages and adipocytes and is an essential mediator of inflammation and atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Atherosclerosis is an aggravating factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Our study intended to study the association between PAD and serum A-FABP levels in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. One hundred and twenty T2DM subjects were enrolled in the study. Fasting blood samples were collected to determine biochemical data and A-FABP levels. By the automatic oscillometric method, the ankle−brachial index (ABI) was measured. Low ABI was defined as any value < 0.9. Twenty participants with T2DM (16.7%) were included in the low ABI group. Low ABI T2DM participants had an increased mean body mass index, body fat mass, systolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, urine albumin−creatinine ratio, and A-FABP levels compared to those in the normal ABI group. After variables significantly associated with PAD were adjusted by multivariate logistic regression analyses, circulating A-FABP levels (odds ratio [OR]: 1.138; 95 percent confidence interval [CI]: 1.023−1.266; p = 0.017) were identified as the independent marker of PAD. In conclusion, fasting serum A-FABP value has positive association with PAD in T2DM patients.
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Caraballo C, Mahajan S, Gu J, Lu Y, Spatz ES, Dreyer RP, Zhang M, Sun N, Ren Y, Zheng X, Zhao H, Lu H, Ma ZJ, Krumholz HM. Hemodynamic differences between women and men with elevated blood pressure in China: A non-invasive assessment of 45,082 adults using impedance cardiography. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269777. [PMID: 35700163 PMCID: PMC9197037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whether there are sex differences in hemodynamic profiles among people with elevated blood pressure is not well understood and could guide personalization of treatment. Methods and results We described the clinical and hemodynamic characteristics of adults with elevated blood pressure in China using impedance cardiography. We included 45,082 individuals with elevated blood pressure (defined as systolic blood pressure of ≥130 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure of ≥80 mmHg), of which 35.2% were women. Overall, women had a higher mean systolic blood pressure than men (139.0 [±15.7] mmHg vs 136.8 [±13.8] mmHg, P<0.001), but a lower mean diastolic blood pressure (82.6 [±9.0] mmHg vs 85.6 [±8.9] mmHg, P<0.001). After adjusting for age, region, and body mass index, women <50 years old had lower systemic vascular resistance index (beta-coefficient [β] -31.7; 95% CI: -51.2, -12.2) and higher cardiac index (β 0.07; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.09) than men of their same age group, whereas among those ≥50 years old women had higher systemic vascular resistance index (β 120.4; 95% CI: 102.4, 138.5) but lower cardiac index (β -0.15; 95% CI: -0.16, -0.13). Results were consistent with a propensity score matching sensitivity analysis, although the magnitude of the SVRI difference was lower and non-significant. However, there was substantial overlap between women and men in the distribution plots of these variables, with overlapping areas ranging from 78% to 88%. Conclusions Our findings indicate that there are sex differences in hypertension phenotype, but that sex alone is insufficient to infer an individual’s profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Caraballo
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Shiwani Mahajan
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jianlei Gu
- SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Big Data in Pediatric Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Erica S. Spatz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Rachel P. Dreyer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - MaoZhen Zhang
- iKang Healthcare Group, Inc., Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - NingLing Sun
- Department of Hypertension at Heart Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yihong Ren
- The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Hui Lu
- SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng J. Ma
- SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Beijing Li-Heng Medical Technologies, Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Harlan M. Krumholz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Anghel R, Adam CA, Marcu DTM, Mitu O, Roca M, Tinica G, Mitu F. Cardiac Rehabilitation in Peripheral Artery Disease in a Tertiary Center-Impact on Arterial Stiffness and Functional Status after 6 Months. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040601. [PMID: 35455092 PMCID: PMC9024562 DOI: 10.3390/life12040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) plays an essential role in peripheral artery disease (PAD), leading to improved functional status, increased quality of life, and reduced arterial stiffness. We aimed to assess factors associated with clinical improvement 6 months after enrolment in a rehabilitation program at an academic medical center in north-eastern Europe. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study on 97 patients with PAD admitted to a single tertiary referral center. At the 6-months follow-up, 75 patients (77.3%) showed improved clinical status. We analyzed demographics and clinical and paraclinical parameters in order to explore factors associated with a favorable outcome. Results: Hypertension (p = 0.002), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.002), dyslipidemia (p = 0.045), and obesity (p = 0.564) were associated with no clinical improvement. Smoking cessation (p < 0.001), changing sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.032), and improvement of lipid and carbohydrate profile as well as functional status parameters and ambulatory arterial stiffness index (p = 0.008) were factors associated with clinical improvement at the 6-months follow-up. Conclusions: PAD patients require an integrative, multidisciplinary management to maintain functional status and increase quality of life. Improving carbohydrate and lipid profile, adopting a healthy lifestyle, quitting smoking and increasing exercise capacity are predictors for clinical improvement 6 months after enrolment in a CR program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Anghel
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr 14, 700661 Iași, Romania; (R.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street nr 16, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Cristina Andreea Adam
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr 14, 700661 Iași, Romania; (R.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Dragos Traian Marius Marcu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street nr 16, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street nr 16, 700115 Iași, Romania;
- “Sf. Spiridon” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Independence Boulevard nr 1, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Mihai Roca
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr 14, 700661 Iași, Romania; (R.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street nr 16, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Grigore Tinica
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street nr 16, 700115 Iași, Romania;
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania
| | - Florin Mitu
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr 14, 700661 Iași, Romania; (R.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street nr 16, 700115 Iași, Romania;
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Mundisugih J, Gao CX, Ikin JF, Abramson MJ, Brown D, Biswas S, Dewar EM, Liew D, Stub D. Vascular Responses Among Adults Four Years Post Exposure to 6 Weeks of Smoke from the Hazelwood Coal Mine Fire. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2022; 18:253-265. [PMID: 35444423 PMCID: PMC9013675 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s339439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Mega-wild fires are exposing large communities to weeks or months of high concentration smoke-related fine particulate air pollution (PM). However, little research has examined the long-term vascular responses from exposure to PM of this concentration and duration. We investigated whether level of exposure to 6 weeks of PM from the 2014 Hazelwood coal mine fire was associated with abnormal vascular responses approximately four years later. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was undertaken of 387 participants (225 exposed, 162 unexposed) aged 55–89 years, 3.5–4 years after the mine fire. The primary outcome was flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), with time to reach peak diameter as the secondary outcome. Other secondary markers included high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and ischaemic Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes. Results There was no evidence of a difference in FMD between participants with high, medium, low or no mine-fire related PM2.5 exposure (4.09% vs 4.06% vs 4.02% vs 3.98%, respectively, p=0.99). Likewise, there was no difference in hsCRP or ischaemic ECG changes. In contrast, there was evidence of a difference in time to peak diameter (p=0.002) with more unexposed participants reaching peak diameter within 30 seconds (36%) compared to those who had high, medium, or low exposure (23%, 22%, 13%, respectively). Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis suggested that township, Morwell (exposed) vs Sale (unexposed), but not level of PM2.5 exposure, was associated with delayed time to peak diameter (OR 2.71; 95% CI 1.56, 4.69). Smokers also had delayed time to peak diameter. Conclusion There was no association between level of exposure to PM2.5 from the 6-week Hazelwood coal mine fire smoke event and reduced FMD, elevated hsCRP or ischaemic ECG four years later. Evidence of delayed time to peak diameter observed in adults from the exposed town, compared to an unexposed town, requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mundisugih
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Caroline X Gao
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health (Orygen), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jillian F Ikin
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Correspondence: Jillian F Ikin, Tel +61 3 9903 0308, Email
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Brown
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sinjini Biswas
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Dewar
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Danny Liew
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dion Stub
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Stone K, Fryer S, Faulkner J, Meyer ML, Heffernan K, Kucharska-Newton A, Zieff G, Paterson C, Matsushita K, Hughes TM, Tanaka H, Stoner L. Associations of lower-limb atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis with cardiovascular risk factors and disease in older adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Atherosclerosis 2022; 340:53-60. [PMID: 34799100 PMCID: PMC10167791 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis contribute to vascular aging and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Both processes can be assessed simply in the lower-limbs and reflect systemic pathology. However, only atherosclerosis is routinely assessed, typically via ankle-brachial index (ABI). Arteriosclerosis can be assessed using femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV), but no studies have identified whether ABI and faPWV similarly associate with overt CVD and risk factors, nor whether faPWV confers additional information. The aims of this study were to (i) compare associations of ABI and faPWV with traditional CVD risk factors, including age, sex, systolic blood pressure (SBP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), smoking, and diabetes; and (ii) determine the independent and additive associations of ABI and faPWV with a composite measure of prevalent CVD. METHODS We evaluated ABI and faPWV in 4330 older-aged (75.3 ± 5.0 years) adults using an oscillometric screening device. Associations between ABI and faPWV with CVD risk factors and CVD were determined using mixed-model linear- and logistic-regression. RESULTS ABI and faPWV were associated with age, HDL, and smoking. ABI was associated with sex, TC, diabetes. faPWV was associated with SBP. Both ABI and faPWV were inversely associated with CVD. Low ABI (≤0.9 vs. >0.9) and low faPWV (≤9.94 vs. >9.94) increased the odds of CVD by 2.41-fold (95% CI:1.85,3.17) and 1.46-fold (95% CI:1.23,1.74), respectively. The inverse association between faPWV and CVD was independent of ABI and CVD risk factors. CONCLUSIONS ABI and faPWV, measures of lower-limb atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, are independently associated with CVD risk factors and prevalent CVD. Assessment of faPWV may confer additional risk information beyond ABI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keeron Stone
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, UK.
| | - Simon Fryer
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, UK
| | - James Faulkner
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Winchester, Winchester, UK
| | - Michelle L Meyer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kevin Heffernan
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Anna Kucharska-Newton
- Department of Epidemiology, The Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gabriel Zieff
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Craig Paterson
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, UK
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy M Hughes
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Alatič J, Lindič J, Godnov U, Kovač D. Arterial Stiffness in Renal Transplant Recipients: 5-Year Follow-up. Transplant Proc 2021; 53:2907-2912. [PMID: 34772493 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. After renal transplant, some traditional and chronic kidney disease-specific risk factors vanish, but new risk factors emerge. This retrospective study aimed to define the long-term impact of renal transplant and diabetes mellitus on arterial stiffness, evaluated by measuring pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AI) and on myocardial perfusion, evaluated by subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR). METHODS PWV, AI, and SEVR were evaluated noninvasively by applanation tonometry using SphygmoCor in the first 4 weeks after kidney transplant and 4 to 5 years thereafter. RESULTS A total of 48 graft recipients (18 women, 30 men; mean ± standard deviation age, 47.9 ± 11.8 years) were included. The follow-up period was 57.4 ± 8.0 months. PWV did not change significantly during the follow-up period (9.1 ± 1.8m/s and 8.7 ± 1.8m/s, respectively; P = .137). In the subgroup of patients without diabetes mellitus, we observed a trend of PWV reduction, whereas in the subgroup of patients with diabetes we observed the trend of PWV increase. The duration of smoking before transplant correlated significantly with PWV (P = .012). AI in the whole group increased significantly during the study period (from 18.3% ±10.3% to 25.9% ±9.4%; P < .01) as well as SEVR (from 134.9 ± 23.1 to 155.4 ± 28.6; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS PWV, reflecting the central vessel stiffness, did not change significantly in the whole group during the follow-up period. The AI, which indicates systemic stiffness, increased significantly within 5 years after transplant, indicating the progression of vascular processes of elastic and muscular arteries. Significant increases in the SEVR values in both diabetics and nondiabetics indicate the long-term favorable effect of kidney transplant on myocardial perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Alatič
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Nephrology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jelka Lindič
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Nephrology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Godnov
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Damjan Kovač
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Nephrology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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10
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Inaccuracy of brachial blood pressure and its potential impact on treatment and aortic blood pressure estimation. J Hypertens 2021; 39:2370-2378. [PMID: 34343143 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although brachial cuff SBP is universally used to guide hypertension management, it can differ significantly from intraarterial SBP. We examine the potential impacts of cuff-to-intraarterial brachial SBP (bSBP) mismatch on hypertension treatment and accuracy towards central SBP. METHODS In 303 individuals, cuff bSBP (CUFF-bSBP) and central SBP were measured using a Mobil-o-Graph simultaneously to intraarterial bSBP (IA-bSBP) and aortic SBP. According to the difference between CUFF-bSBP and IA-bSBP, we identified three phenotypes: Underestimation (CUFF-bSBP < IA-bSBP by >10 mmHg); No Mismatch (CUFF-bSBP within 10 mmHg of IA-bSBP); Overestimation (CUFF-bSBP > IA-bSBP by >10 mmHg) phenotypes. Risk of overtreatment and undertreatment, and accuracy (ARTERY society criteria: mean difference ≤5 ± 8 mmHg) were determined. A multiple linear regression model was used to assess variables associated with the bSBP difference. RESULTS Underestimation (n = 142), No Mismatch (n = 136) and Overestimation (n = 25) phenotypes had relatively similar characteristics and CUFF-bSBP (124 ± 17, 122 ± 14, 127 ± 19 mmHg, P = 0.19) but different aortic SBP (133 ± 21, 120 ± 16, 112 ± 18 mmHg, P < 0.001). In the underestimation phenotype, 59% were at risk of undertreatment (14% in No Mismatch), whereas 50% in the Overestimation phenotype were at risk of overtreatment (17% in No Mismatch). CUFF-bSBP accurately estimated aortic SBP only in the No Mismatch Group (mean difference 1.6 ± 8.2 mmHg) whereas central BP never met the accuracy criteria. Male sex, higher height and active smoking were associated with lesser underestimation of bSBP difference. CONCLUSION The brachial cuff lacks accuracy towards intraarterial BP in a significant proportion of patients, potentially leading to increased risks of BP mismanagement and inaccurate determination of central BP. This illustrates the need to improve the accuracy of cuff-based BP monitors.
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11
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Luehrs RE, Zhang D, Pierce GL, Jacobs DR, Kalhan R, Whitaker KM. Cigarette Smoking and Longitudinal Associations With Blood Pressure: The CARDIA Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019566. [PMID: 33902307 PMCID: PMC8200766 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The associations of chronic cigarette smoking with blood pressure (BP) remain mixed. It is unclear whether a lack of examination of racial differences contributed to the mixed findings in previous studies. Black smokers metabolize nicotine at a slower rate than White smokers and racial discrimination contributes to nicotine dependence and higher BP among Black smokers. Methods and Results We studied the association between cigarette smoking and longitudinal (30‐year) changes in systolic BP, diastolic BP, and pulse pressure (PP) in 4786 Black and White individuals from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study using repeated‐measures regression models. Neither systolic BP, nor diastolic BP differed between Black consistent smokers compared with Black never smokers, although Black consistent smokers had higher PP than Black never smokers (β=1.01 mm Hg, P=0.028). White consistent smokers had similar systolic BP, but lower diastolic BP (β=−2.27 mm Hg, P<0.001) and higher PP (β=1.59 mm Hg, P<0.001) compared with White never smokers. There were no differences in systolic BP, diastolic BP, or PP between Black or White long‐term former smokers compared with never smokers (all P>0.05). Conclusions Although the associations of cigarette smoking with alterations in BP are small, the greater PP observed in consistent smokers may contribute in part to the higher cardiovascular disease risk observed in this group because PP is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease risk after middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Luehrs
- Department of Health and Human Physiology The University of Iowa Iowa City IA.,Department of Kinesiology North Central College Naperville IL
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Health and Human Physiology The University of Iowa Iowa City IA
| | - Gary L Pierce
- Department of Health and Human Physiology The University of Iowa Iowa City IA.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center The University of Iowa Iowa City IA.,Environmental Health Sciences Research Center The University of Iowa Iowa City IA.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center The University of Iowa Iowa City IA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health The University of Minnesota MN
| | - Ravi Kalhan
- Department of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
| | - Kara M Whitaker
- Department of Health and Human Physiology The University of Iowa Iowa City IA.,Department of Epidemiology The University of Iowa Iowa City IA
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12
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Isaykina OY, Rozanov VB, Aleksandrov АА, Kotova MB. Association of Smoking with Indicators of the Structure and Function of Blood Vessels in Middle-aged Men. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2020-12-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To study the association of smoking with indicators of the structure and function of blood vessels in a sample of middle-aged men.Material and methods. This study is part of a 32-year prospective cohort observation of males starting in childhood (11-12 years). The study included 301 (30.0%) representatives of the original population sample aged 41-44 years. The examination included a survey on a standard questionnaire with an assessment of the status and intensity of smoking, of anthropometric indicators, blood pressure (BP), and determination of the blood lipid spectrum. The stiffness of the arterial wall and central pressure were measured by the method of applanation tonometry. The carotid intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (C-IMT) was estimated by the method of ultrasonic duplex scanning of the main vessels of the neck.Results. Of the 301 men examined, aged 41-44 years, 92 (30.6%) people never smoked, 73 (24.3%) smoked in the past and 136 (45.2%) people currently smoke. Former smokers were divided by the intensity of smoking in the past as follows: less than 20 cigarettes/day were smoked by 41 (56.0%) people, and ≥20 cigarettes/day - 32 (44.0%) people. Among current smokers, less than 20 cigarettes/day were smoked by 63 (46.0%) people, and ≥20 cigarettes - 73 (54.0%) people. Current smokers have a statistically significantly higher level of triglycerides and lower cholesterol of high density lipoproteins in the blood, augmentation index (AIx), augmentation blood pressure and C-IMT thicker than non-smokers. The thickness of the C-IMT and AIx was statistically significantly greater among current smokers who smoked 20 or more cigarettes daily. Men who smoked in the past had significantly greater body weight, waist circumference and pulse wave velocity. 12.4% of AIx variability was attributable to current smoking combined with variability in alcohol consumption, blood glucose, and heart rate. The body mass index (BMI) and ethanol consumption are independent determinants of peripheral and central systolic pressure, and account for 17.8% and 18.6% of their variance, respectively. The combined contribution of current smoking, age, BMI, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasma glucose to the thickness variability of C-IMT was 13.7%. Among men with a smoking duration in the past >10 years, the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and arterial stiffness indicators - AIx, pulse pressure amplification were higher compared to peers with a shorter smoking duration.Conclusion. Current smoking is associated with atherogenic changes in the blood lipid spectrum, impaired structure and function of the main arteries. Moreover, the severity of structural and functional disorders of the arteries is associated with the intensity of current smoking. If you give up smoking, there is a potential possibility of reversibility of these vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Yu. Isaykina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - V. B. Rozanov
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - А. А. Aleksandrov
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - M. B. Kotova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
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13
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Königstein K, Infanger D, Klenk C, Carrard J, Hinrichs T, Schmidt-Trucksäss A. Physical activity is favorably associated with arterial stiffness in patients with obesity and elevated metabolic risk. Int J Clin Pract 2020; 74:e13563. [PMID: 32478973 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are relevant modifiers of cardiovascular risk. Their independent effects on arterial stiffness have not been assessed in people with obesity. This study aimed to assess the independent effects of light (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) physical activity and CRF on Pulse wave velocity (PWV). METHODS Brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) was measured cross-sectionally in 55 subjects (43.0 ± 13.8 years; 66% women) with moderate cardiovascular risk. Body composition was assessed with bioelectrical impedance-analysis. Daily minutes of LPA and MVPA were measured by accelerometry and CRF (peak oxygen uptake [VO2 peak]) with spiroergometry. Independent effects of LPA, MVPA, and VO2 peak on baPWV were analyzed in an age-, sex-, body fat mass-, and blood pressure-adjusted ANOVA. RESULTS Every 10 minutes increase of daily MVPA was associated with a 2.8% (0.32m/s [-0.64 to 0.001 m/s], P = .05) reduction of baPWV, whereas LPA and VO2 peak had only a little or no relevant effects on baPWV. CONCLUSIONS Higher MVPA is associated with lower composite arterial stiffness independent of CRF and the number of metabolic risk factors in patients with obesity and further metabolic risk factors. Thus, lifestyle interventions should aim for an increase in MVPA. BaPWV may improve the monitoring of favorable effects of MVPA, even if an improvement of VO2 peak cannot be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Königstein
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denis Infanger
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Klenk
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Justin Carrard
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timo Hinrichs
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Podzolkov VI, Bragina AE, Druzhinina NA, Vasil'eva LV, Osadchiy KK, Dubchak AE, Khvalin EI. Relation between Tobacco Smoking/Electronic Smoking and Albuminuria/Vascular Stiffness in Young People without Cardiovascular Diseases. Kidney Blood Press Res 2020; 45:467-476. [PMID: 32434202 DOI: 10.1159/000507510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE Tobacco smoking is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases. In recent years, alternative types of smoking, including vaping, have been becoming popular. The contribution of vape to vascular and renal injury is not known. We studied the relation between smoking of traditional/electronic cigarettes and arterial stiffness and albuminuria, which is also a vascular dysfunction marker. METHODS We examined 270 young volunteers without significant clinical cardiovascular diseases (mean age: 21.2 ± 2.3 years). Twenty-seven percent of the subjects in the study group were smokers; 69.9% of them smoked traditional cigarettes and 30.1% smoked electronic cigarettes. The urine albumin level was assessed by a dipstick test, and the augmentation index was determined by photoplethysmography. A linear correlation test and multiple regression analysis were applied. RESULTS The study groups did not differ in basic characteristics. The smokers demonstrated generally higher blood pressure levels and were overweight. Most of the smokers were male. In the groups of smokers, albuminuria was more frequent, especially among vapers (94 vs. 79% in tobacco smokers and 29% in nonsmokers). AU values (median [quartile 25; quartile 75]) were significantly higher in vapers (160 mg/L [150; 207.5]) vs. tobacco smokers (115 mg/L [60; 200]) and vs. nonsmokers (20 mg/L [10; 50]) (р < 0.05). Photoplethysmographic results showed relevant higher augmentation indices among tobacco smokers (-4, [-6.6; -1.9]) and vapers (-5.05 [-13.4; -3.3]) compared to nonsmokers (-16.2 [-23.9; -7]) (р < 0.05). Results of multiple regression analysis demonstrate that smoking of both traditional and electronic cigarettes is related to an increase in the albuminuria level and the augmentation index. CONCLUSIONS Smoking of both traditional and electronic cigarettes is related to albuminuria and an increase in the augmentation index, which is a noninvasive marker for arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery I Podzolkov
- 2nd Faculty Therapy Department, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna E Bragina
- 2nd Faculty Therapy Department, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation,
| | - Natalya A Druzhinina
- 2nd Faculty Therapy Department, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lubov V Vasil'eva
- 2nd Faculty Therapy Department, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin K Osadchiy
- 2nd Faculty Therapy Department, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Artem E Dubchak
- 2nd Faculty Therapy Department, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny I Khvalin
- 2nd Faculty Therapy Department, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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15
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Madonna R, Doria V, Görbe A, Cocco N, Ferdinandy P, Geng YJ, Pierdomenico SD, De Caterina R. Co-expression of glycosylated aquaporin-1 and transcription factor NFAT5 contributes to aortic stiffness in diabetic and atherosclerosis-prone mice. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2857-2865. [PMID: 31970899 PMCID: PMC7077545 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased stiffness characterizes the early change in the arterial wall with subclinical atherosclerosis. Proteins inducing arterial stiffness in diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia are largely unknown. This study aimed at determining the pattern of protein expression in stiffening aorta of diabetic and hypercholesterolaemic mice. Male Ins2+/Akita mice were crossbred with ApoE−/− (Ins2+/Akita: ApoE−/−) mice. Relative aortic distension (relD) values were determined by ultrasound analysis and arterial stiffness modulators by immunoblotting. Compared with age‐ and sex‐matched C57/BL6 control mice, the aortas of Ins2+/Akita, ApoE−/− and Ins2+/Akita:ApoE−/− mice showed increased aortic stiffness. The aortas of Ins2+/Akita, ApoE−/− and Ins2+/Akita:ApoE−/− mice showed greater expression of VCAM‐1, collagen type III, NADPH oxidase and iNOS, as well as reduced elastin, with increased collagen type III‐to‐elastin ratio. The aorta of Ins2+/Akita and Ins2+/Akita:ApoE−/− mice showed higher expression of eNOS and cytoskeletal remodelling proteins, such as F‐actin and α‐smooth muscle actin, in addition to increased glycosylated aquaporin (AQP)‐1 and transcription factor NFAT5, which control the expression of genes activated by high glucose‐induced hyperosmotic stress. Diabetic and hypercholesterolaemic mice have increased aortic stiffness. The association of AQP1 and NFAT5 co‐expression with aortic stiffness in diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia may represent a novel molecular pathway or therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Center of Excellence on Aging and Regenerative Medicine (CeSI-Met), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vanessa Doria
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Regenerative Medicine (CeSI-Met), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nino Cocco
- Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Yong-Jian Geng
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Schmidt KMT, Hansen KM, Johnson AL, Gepner AD, Korcarz CE, Fiore MC, Baker TB, Piper ME, Stein JH. Longitudinal Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Smoking Cessation on Aortic Wave Reflections, Pulse Wave Velocity, and Carotid Artery Distensibility. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e013939. [PMID: 31795823 PMCID: PMC6951052 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background We evaluated the effects of smoking and smoking cessation on aortic wave reflections (augmentation index), aortic pulse wave velocity, and carotid artery distensibility and stiffness (distensibility coefficient, Young's elastic modulus). Methods and Results Current smokers underwent carotid, radial, and femoral artery tonometry and carotid ultrasound at baseline and 3 years after a quit attempt. Baseline associations of smoking heaviness markers (exhaled carbon monoxide and cigarettes smoked/d) and effects of smoking cessation at year 3 on changes in arterial measures were assessed using multivariable linear regression models. The 1417 smokers (54% female) were mean (SD) 49.3 (11.6) years old and smoked 17.2 (8.3) cigarettes/d (exhaled carbon monoxide 14.7 [8.2] parts per million). Arterial measures were associated more strongly with age, blood pressure (BP), and waist circumference than with smoking heaviness markers. Augmentation index was associated independently with carbon monoxide (P=0.004). Pulse wave velocity, distensibility coefficient, and Young's elastic modulus had small, inconsistent associations with smoking heaviness markers. At year 3, augmentation index improved with smoking cessation (P=0.006) despite more weight gain (2.54 vs 0.36 kg, P<0.001) and insulin resistance (P=0.001) among abstainers, but distensibility coefficient decreased (P=0.004). Changes in arterial measures were related more strongly to changes in BP than smoking cessation. Conclusions Arterial wave reflection and stiffness measures were associated more strongly with age, BP, and waist circumference than smoking heaviness. Smoking cessation was associated with weight gain and increased insulin resistance. Changes in arterial measures were predicted by changes in BP, highlighting the need to address weight gain and BP changes during a quit attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristin M. Hansen
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWI
| | | | - Adam D. Gepner
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWI
| | | | - Michael C. Fiore
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWI
| | - Timothy B. Baker
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWI
| | - Megan E. Piper
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWI
| | - James H. Stein
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWI
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17
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Ding N, Sang Y, Chen J, Ballew SH, Kalbaugh CA, Salameh MJ, Blaha MJ, Allison M, Heiss G, Selvin E, Coresh J, Matsushita K. Cigarette Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and Long-Term Risk of 3 Major Atherosclerotic Diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 74:498-507. [PMID: 31345423 PMCID: PMC6662625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public statements about the effect of smoking on cardiovascular disease are predominantly based on investigations of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, although smoking is recognized as a strong risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD). No study has comprehensively compared the long-term association of cigarette smoking and its cessation with the incidence of 3 major atherosclerotic diseases (PAD, CHD, and stroke). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to quantify the long-term association of cigarette smoking and its cessation with the incidence of the 3 outcomes. METHODS A total of 13,355 participants aged 45 to 64 years in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities) study without PAD, CHD, or stroke at baseline (1987 to 1989) were included. The associations of smoking parameters (pack-years, duration, intensity, and cessation) with incident PAD were quantified and contrasted with CHD and stroke using Cox models. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 26 years, there were 492 PAD cases, 1,798 CHD cases, and 1,106 stroke cases. A dose-response relationship was identified between pack-years of smoking and 3 outcomes, with the strongest results for PAD. The pattern was consistent when investigating duration and intensity separately. A longer period of smoking cessation was consistently related to lower risk of PAD, CHD, and stroke, but a significantly elevated risk persisted up to 30 years following smoking cessation for PAD and up to 20 years for CHD. CONCLUSIONS All smoking measures showed significant associations with 3 major atherosclerotic diseases, with the strongest effect size for incident PAD. The risk due to smoking lasted up to 30 years for PAD and 20 years for CHD. Our results further highlight the importance of smoking prevention and early smoking cessation, and indicate the need for public statements to take PAD into account when acknowledging the impact of smoking on overall cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yingying Sang
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jingsha Chen
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shoshana H Ballew
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Corey A Kalbaugh
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Surgery, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Maya J Salameh
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Matthew Allison
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Gerardo Heiss
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Josef Coresh
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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18
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Oyenuga AO, Folsom AR, Cheng S, Tanaka H, Meyer ML. Greater Adherence to Life's Simple 7 Is Associated With Less Arterial Stiffness: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:769-776. [PMID: 31090885 PMCID: PMC6636696 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater arterial stiffness is associated independently with increased cardiovascular disease risk. The American Heart Association (AHA) has recommended following "Life's Simple 7 (LS7)" to optimize cardiovascular health; we tested whether better LS7 in middle age is associated with less arterial stiffness in later life. METHODS We studied 4,232 black and white participants aged 45-64 years at the baseline (1987-89) visit of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study cohort who also had arterial stiffness measured in 2011-13 (mean ± SD interval: 23.6 ± 1.0 years). We calculated a 14-point summary score for baseline LS7 and classified participants as having "poor" (0-4), "average" (5-9), or "ideal" (10-14) cardiovascular health. We used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for arterial stiffening: a high carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV, ≥13.23 m/s) or a high central pulse pressure (central PP, ≥ 82.35 mm Hg). RESULTS The age, race, sex, and heart rate-adjusted ORs (95% CI) for high cfPWV in the "ideal," "average," and "poor" LS7 summary categories were 1 (Reference), 1.30 (1.11, 1.53), and 1.68 (1.10,2.56), respectively (P-trend = 0.0003). Similarly, the adjusted ORs (95% CI) for high central PP across LS7 summary categories were 1 (Reference), 1.48 (1.27, 1.74), and 1.63 (1.04, 2.56), respectively (P-trend <0.0001). CONCLUSION Greater LS7 score in middle age is associated with less arterial stiffness 2-3 decades later. These findings further support the AHA recommendation to follow LS7 for cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi O Oyenuga
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aaron R Folsom
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Cardiovascular Aging Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Michelle L Meyer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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19
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Chen YF, Chen C. Estimated glomerular filtration rate and arterial stiffness in Japanese population: a secondary analysis based on a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:57. [PMID: 30832679 PMCID: PMC6399981 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0997-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence regarding the relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and arterial stiffness is limited, and the data analysis is not sufficient to clarify the true relationship between the two. We aimed to investigate the relationship between eGFR and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in Japanese. Methods The present study was a cross-sectional study. Nine hundred twelve Japanese men and women, aging 24—84 years old, received a health medical check-up program including the results from baPWV inspection and various standardized questionnaires in a health examination center in Japan. The main outcome measures included eGFR, baPWV, fatty liver and postmenopausal status. Abdominal ultrasonography was used to diagnose fatty liver. Postmenopausal state was defined as beginning 1 year after the cessation of menses. Results The average age of the 912 selected participants was 51.5 ± 9.6 years old, and about 57.6% of them were male. The participants’ eGFR distribution was median 69.29 (min 39, max 122.28). The results of multivariate linear regression showed eGFR was not independently associated with baPWV after adjusting potential confounders (β = − 1.11, 95%CI -2.25 to 0.03), this is inconsistent with the result of eGFR (quartile) as a categorical variable (p for trend was 0.038). A non-linear relationship was detected between eGFR and baPWV, whose point was 77.05. The effect sizes and the confidence intervals of the left and right sides of inflection point were − 2.80 (− 4.41 to − 1.19) and 1.84 (− 0.50, 4.17), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed, the change in the elderly population is more pronounced (P for interaction = 0.018; − 2.83 with ≤60 year vs − 6.12 with > 60 year). The same trend was also seen in hypertensive people (P for interaction = 0.018; − 4.55 with hypertension vs − 0.82 with non-hypertension). Conclusion The relationship between eGFR and baPWV is non-linear. eGFR was negatively related to baPWV when eGFR is less than 77.05.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fen Chen
- Department of rheumatism for nephropathy, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, 83# Zhongshaneast Road, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 84# ShiDong Road, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China.
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20
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Kim S, Lee SJ, Kim YH, Kim JS, Lim SY, Kim SH, Ahn JC, Song WH, Jee SH, Park CG. Irreversible effects of long-term chronic smoking on arterial stiffness: An analysis focusing on ex-smokers among otherwise healthy middle-aged men. Clin Exp Hypertens 2018; 41:766-773. [PMID: 30582369 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1557677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Smoking is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor closely related to arterial stiffness (AS). However, data are lacking regarding the chronic effects of smoking on AS, especially in ex-smoker (ES) who faces remnant cardiovascular risk when compared to never-smokers (NS).Methods: Among 1722 health screening participants, we retrospectively evaluated 652 healthy men with different smoking history [240 current smoker (CS) vs. 228 ES vs. 184 NS]. To assess AS, augmentation index (AIx), pulse pressure amplification (PPamp), and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) were measured and compared.Results: Baseline characteristics were similar except age and triglyceride level. AIx was lowest in NS, followed by ES, and was highest in CS. PPamp was highest in NS, lowest in CS, and ES was of intermediate level. The differences were more robust after adjustment for baseline covariates (AIx, p = 0.005; PPamp: p = 0.001). On the other hand, no significant intergroup difference was observed for cfPWV in our middle-aged population. With the regression analyses revealing an independent association between smoking duration and AS in ES, subgroup analysis demonstrated that long-term ES (smoking duration ≥20 years) had significantly higher AS than short-term ES (<20 years) and NS, approaching levels comparable to CS (AIx and PPamp: p < 0.0001).Conclusions: Our study demonstrated impaired arterial elastic properties in long-term ES, suggesting that AS caused by chronic smoking might be irreversible even after smoking cessation. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to determine the impacts of past smoking on AS and its clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunwon Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ju Lee
- Institute for Health Promotion, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Yonsei University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yup Lim
- Department of Cardiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Cheon Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Hyuk Song
- Department of Cardiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Institute for Health Promotion, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Yonsei University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chang Gyu Park
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Li J, Cui R, Eshak ES, Yamagishi K, Imano H, Muraki I, Hayama-Terada M, Kiyama M, Okada T, Iso H. Association of cigarette smoking with radial augmentation index: the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS). Hypertens Res 2018; 41:1054-1062. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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22
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Paraskevas KI, Veith FJ, Ricco JB. Best medical treatment alone may not be adequate for all patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. J Vasc Surg 2018; 68:572-575. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Baier D, Teren A, Wirkner K, Loeffler M, Scholz M. Parameters of pulse wave velocity: determinants and reference values assessed in the population-based study LIFE-Adult. Clin Res Cardiol 2018; 107:1050-1061. [PMID: 29766282 PMCID: PMC6208658 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-018-1278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND Parameters of arterial stiffness such as pulse wave velocity (PWV) were recently proposed as independent risk factors of cardiovascular events. We analyse three PWV parameters in the large population-based study LIFE-Adult to identify risk factors, normal and reference values. METHODS AND RESULTS Brachial-ankle (ba), brachial-femoral (bf) and carotid-femoral (cf) PWV assessment was performed using Vicorder device. 8509 participants aged 19-80 were analysed. PWV parameters were moderately correlated (r(ba/bf) = 0.6, r(ba/cf) = 0.46, r(bf/cf) = 0.59). Age and blood pressure are the dominant determinants of PWV parameters explaining > 18% of variability. Sex was only relevant for bfPWV and cfPWV. All further analysed cardiovascular and other risk factors are of minor importance. We provide age-dependent percentiles for the population (reference values) and for the subgroup of normotonic individuals. All percentiles show a strong increase with age. The difference between normotonic and all individuals is small for younger age groups but increases up to 1 m/s for elderly subjects. CONCLUSION Our study confirms and further underpins the strong impact of age and blood pressure on arterial stiffness and the relatively weak contribution of other factors, supporting an independent role of arterial stiffness in cardiovascular disease development. Age-dependent reference and normal values were provided on the basis of the so far largest study sample facilitating the implementation of PWV assessment in clinical practice. Due to better compliance, handling and stronger association with age and blood pressure, baPWV could serve as an alternative to cfPWV. Follow-up data are required to estimate the clinical significance of specified PWV cut-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Baier
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrej Teren
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.,Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany. .,LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.
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24
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Kresovich JK, Zhang Z, Fang F, Zheng Y, Sanchez-Guerra M, Joyce BT, Zhong J, Chervona Y, Wang S, Chang D, McCracken JP, Díaz A, Bonzini M, Carugno M, Koutrakis P, Kang CM, Bian S, Gao T, Byun HM, Schwartz J, Baccarelli AA, Hou L. Histone 3 modifications and blood pressure in the Beijing Truck Driver Air Pollution Study. Biomarkers 2017; 22:584-593. [PMID: 28678539 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2017.1347961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Histone modifications regulate gene expression; dysregulation has been linked with cardiovascular diseases. Associations between histone modification levels and blood pressure in humans are unclear. OBJECTIVE We examine the relationship between global histone concentrations and various markers of blood pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the Beijing Truck Driver Air Pollution Study, we investigated global peripheral white blood cell histone modifications (H3K9ac, H3K9me3, H3K27me3, and H3K36me3) associations with pre- and post-work measurements of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure (PP) using multivariable mixed-effect models. RESULTS H3K9ac was negatively associated with pre-work SBP and MAP; H3K9me3 was negatively associated with pre-work SBP, DBP, and MAP; and H3K27me3 was negatively associated with pre-work SBP. Among office workers, H3K9me3 was negatively associated with pre-work SBP, DBP, and MAP. Among truck drivers, H3K9ac and H3K27me were negatively associated with pre-work SBP, and H3K27me3 was positively associated with post-work PP. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Epigenome-wide H3K9ac, H3K9me3, and H3K27me3 were negatively associated with multiple pre-work blood pressure measures. These associations substantially changed during the day, suggesting an influence of daily activities. Blood-based histone modification biomarkers are potential candidates for studies requiring estimations of morning/pre-work blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob K Kresovich
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.,b Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health , University of Illinois-Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Zhou Zhang
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.,c Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Fang Fang
- d Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice , Saint Louis University , Saint Louis , MO , USA
| | - Yinan Zheng
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.,e Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Marco Sanchez-Guerra
- f Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Harvard University , Boston , MA , USA.,g Department of Developmental Neurobiology , National Institute of Perinatology , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Brian T Joyce
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.,b Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health , University of Illinois-Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Jia Zhong
- f Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Harvard University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Yana Chervona
- h Department of Environmental Medicine , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - Sheng Wang
- i Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Dou Chang
- j Department of Safety Engineering , China Institute of Industrial Relations , Beijing , China
| | - John P McCracken
- f Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Harvard University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Anaite Díaz
- k Center for Health Studies , Universidad del Valle de Guatemala , Guatemala City , Guatemala
| | - Matteo Bonzini
- l Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Medicine , University of Milan and IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda OspedaleMaggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - Michele Carugno
- l Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Medicine , University of Milan and IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda OspedaleMaggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- f Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Harvard University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Choong-Min Kang
- f Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Harvard University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Shurui Bian
- c Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Tao Gao
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Hyang-Min Byun
- m Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , United Kingdom
| | - Joel Schwartz
- f Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Harvard University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- f Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Harvard University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.,n Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
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25
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Yu AR, Hasjim B, Yu LE, Gabriel C, Anshus A, Lee JB, Louthan MJ, Kim EC, Lee K, Tse C, Keown T, Lahham S, Alvarado M, Bunch S, Gari A, Fox JC. Comparison of ultrasound-measured properties of the common carotid artery to tobacco smoke exposure in a cohort of Indonesian patients. World J Emerg Med 2017; 8:177-183. [PMID: 28680513 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to use point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to investigate the relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and the characteristics of the common carotid artery (CCA). The effect of both primary and secondary smoking on CCA properties was evaluated. METHODS We performed a prospective cross-sectional study across 20 primary care clinics in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia in July 2016. Point of care ultrasound was performed on a convenience sample of Indonesian patients presenting to clinic. The CCA wall stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) were measured during diastole and systole. These measurements were correlated with smoke exposure and cardiovascular disease. RESULTS We enrolled 663 patients in the study, with 426 patients enrolled in the smoking category and 237 patients enrolled in the second-hand smoke category. There was an overall positive correlation with the measured lifestyle factors and the ultrasound-measured variables in the group of individuals who smoked. For all variables, age seemed to contribute the most out of all of the lifestyle factors for the positive changes in CIMT and CCA wall stiffness. CONCLUSION Our data yielded correlations between CCA properties and cardiovascular risk, as well as between CIMT and arterial stiffness. We were also able to demonstrate an increase in thickness of the CIMT in patients who have been exposed by tobacco through the use of ultrasound. Further large scale studies comparing patients with multiple cardiac risk factors need to be performed to confirm the utility of ultrasound findings of cardiovascular disease and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen R Yu
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Bima Hasjim
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Luke E Yu
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | | | | | - Jonathan B Lee
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | | | - Esther C Kim
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Katrina Lee
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Christina Tse
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Thomas Keown
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Shadi Lahham
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Maili Alvarado
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Steven Bunch
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Abdulatif Gari
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - J Christian Fox
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
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26
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Sugawara J, Hayashi K, Tanaka H. Arterial Path Length for Arterial Stiffness: Methodological Consideration. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:1237-1244. [PMID: 27496168 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpw075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) is the most established measure of central arterial stiffness and is calculated by dividing the distance travelled by the pulse wave by the pulse transit time. However, there is no universally accepted standardized measurement of pulse travel distance for cfPWV. This study sought to assess validity and convertibility of 2 most frequently used travel distance estimations, and create the simple and useful conversion equation to unify cfPWV values obtained with different methodologies for pulse travel distance. METHODS In a total of 227 adults, cfPWV was calculated using 2 different pulse travel distances: suprasternum-femoral distance minus suprasternum-carotid distance (the subtraction method) and carotid-femoral straight distance × 0.8 (the 80% method). They were compared against 3D arterial tracing via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS The subtraction method underestimated travel distance and cfPWV by 8.7% although correlations with the MRI reference values were significant. The 80% method provided more reliable cfPWV, showing a stronger linearity (r = 0.96, P < 0.0001) and a better agreement with the MRI-based reference value (+0.02±0.54 m/s). Values of cfPWV were influenced primarily by pulse transit time, explaining ~80% of the variation in cfPWV, and the contribution of pulse travel distance was relatively small irrespective of how the travel distance was measured. After the application of the conversion factor (the 80% method = the subtraction method × 1.1), cfPWV values obtained with both methods were strongly correlated and estimation errors were comparable (+0.03±0.75 m/s). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the subtraction method and the 80% method can provide equivalent cfPWV values by the application of a simple conversion factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sugawara
- Human Informatics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koichiro Hayashi
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Kokugakuin University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Cardiovascular Aging Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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