1
|
Xue Y, Li X, Tian Y, Huang X, Zhang L, Li J, Hou H, Dong P, Wang J. Salmon sperm DNA prevents acute liver injury by regulating alcohol‐induced steatosis and restores chronic hepatosis via alleviating inflammation and apoptosis. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14346. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Xue
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Yingying Tian
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Hu Hou
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Ping Dong
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eubank JM, Oberlin DJ, Alto A, Sahyoun NR, Asongwed E, Monroe-Lord L, Harrison EA. Effects of Lifestyle Factors on Cognition in Minority Population of Older Adults: A Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:841070. [PMID: 35369047 PMCID: PMC8966895 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.841070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is projected to expand over the next several decades in the United States as the population ages. However, the cognitive health burden is not equally distributed among the population, as Hispanics and African Americans are at higher risk of AD when compared with Non-Hispanic Whites. There is some evidence to indicate that cognitive decline may be associated with lifestyle factors and that interventions in these domains may prevent or delay this decline. These lifestyle factors include social engagement, physical activity, both aerobic and strength training, dietary intake, sleep and stress. This review summarizes, in general, what is known about the relationship between risk factors and cognition and, in particular what is known about this relationship in minority populations. The results show that the relationship between these risk factors and cognitive decline is stronger for some of the factors such as physical activity and dietary intake and weaker for the other factors depending on what is measured and in what populations. It does appear, however, that the studies in minority populations is limited and warrants more targeted research and interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Eubank
- Lehman College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jacob M. Eubank ; orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-9308
| | - Douglas J. Oberlin
- Lehman College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andrew Alto
- Lehman College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nadine R. Sahyoun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Elmira Asongwed
- College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability and Environmental Sciences, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Lillie Monroe-Lord
- College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability and Environmental Sciences, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Novo-Veleiro I, Herrera-Flores J, Rosón-Hernández B, Medina-García JA, Muga R, Fernández-Solá J, Martín-González MC, Seco-Hernández E, Suárez-Cuervo C, Mateos-Díaz AM, Monte-Secades R, Machado-Prieto B, Puerta-Louro R, Prada-González C, Fernández-Rial Á, Sabio-Repiso P, Vázquez-Vigo R, Antolí-Royo AC, Gomila-Grange A, Felipe-Pérez NC, Sanvisens-Bergé A, Antúnez-Jorge E, Fernández-Rodríguez CM, Alvela-Suárez L, Fidalgo-Navarro A, Castro J, Polvorosa-Gómez MA, Del Valle-Sánchez M, López-Castro J, Chamorro AJ, Marcos M. Alcoholic Liver Disease Among Patients with Wernicke Encephalopathy: A Multicenter Observational Study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 230:109186. [PMID: 34864357 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND data regarding the association between Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are scarce in spite of alcohol consumption being the main risk factor for WE. AIMS to describe the frequency of ALD in a cohort of patients diagnosed with WE and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and to compare the characteristics of WE patients with and without ALD. METHODS we conducted an observational study in 21 centers through a nationwide registry of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine. WE Caine criteria were applied and demographic, clinical, and outcome variables were analyzed. RESULTS 434 patients were included in the study, of which 372 were men (85.7%), and the mean age was 55 ± 11.8 years. ALD was present in 162 (37.3%) patients and we found a higher percentage of cases with tremor, flapping and hallucinations in the ALD group. A total of 22 patients (5.0%) died during admission (7.4% with ALD vs 3.7% without ALD; P = 0.087). Among the ALD patients, a relationship between mortality and the presence of anemia (Odds ratio [OR]=4.6 Confidence interval [CI]95% 1.1-18.8; P = 0.034), low level of consciousness (OR=4.9 CI95% 1.1-21.2; P = 0.031) and previous diagnosis of cancer (OR=10.3 CI95% 1.8-59.5; P = 0.009) was detected. Complete recovery was achieved by 27 patients with ALD (17.8%) and 71 (27.8%) without ALD (P = 0.030). CONCLUSION the association of WE and ALD in patients with AUDs is frequent and potentially linked to differences in clinical presentation and to poorer prognosis, as compared to alcoholic patients with WE without ALD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Novo-Veleiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Herrera-Flores
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | - Roberto Muga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Elena Seco-Hernández
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | | | - Ana-M Mateos-Díaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Virgen del Puerto, Plasencia, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rafael Monte-Secades
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - Begoña Machado-Prieto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | - Álvaro Fernández-Rial
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Rocío Vázquez-Vigo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ana-C Antolí-Royo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complejo Asistencial de Ávila, Ávila, Spain
| | - Aina Gomila-Grange
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Arantza Sanvisens-Bergé
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Lucía Alvela-Suárez
- Department of Internal Medicine, HM Rosaleda Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Castro
- Hospital Santa Bárbara, Puerto Llano, Ciudad-Real, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Antonio-J Chamorro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Marcos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rother C, Bumb JM, Weiler M, Brault A, Sam G, Hayes JM, Pietsch A, Karimian-Jazi K, Jende JME, Heiland S, Kiefer F, Bendszus M, Kollmer J. Characterization and quantification of alcohol-related polyneuropathy by magnetic resonance neurography. Eur J Neurol 2021; 29:573-582. [PMID: 34564924 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We characterized and quantified peripheral nerve damage in alcohol-dependent patients (ADP) by magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) in correlation with clinical and electrophysiologic findings. METHODS Thirty-one adult patients with a history of excessive alcohol consumption and age-/sex-matched healthy controls were prospectively examined. After detailed neurologic and electrophysiologic testing, the patient group was subdivided into ADP with alcohol-related polyneuropathy (ALN) and without ALN (Non-ALN). 3T MRN with anatomical coverage from the proximal thigh down to the tibiotalar joint was performed using dual-echo 2-dimensional relaxometry sequences with spectral fat saturation. Detailed quantification of nerve injury by morphometric (cross-sectional area [CSA]) and microstructural MRN markers (proton spin density [ρ], apparent T2-relaxation-time [T2app ]) was conducted in all study participants. RESULTS MRN detected nerve damage in ADP with and without ALN. A proximal-to-distal gradient was identified for nerve T2-weighted (T2w)-signal and T2app in ADP, indicating a proximal predominance of nerve lesions. While all MRN markers differentiated significantly between ADP and controls, microstructural markers were able to additionally differentiate between subgroups: tibial nerve ρ at thigh level was increased in ALN (p < 0.0001) and in Non-ALN (p = 0.0052) versus controls, and T2app was higher in ALN versus controls (p < 0.0001) and also in ALN versus Non-ALN (p = 0.0214). T2w-signal and CSA were only higher in ALN versus controls. CONCLUSIONS MRN detects and quantifies peripheral nerve damage in ADP in vivo even in the absence of clinically overt ALN. Microstructural markers (T2app , ρ) are most suitable for differentiating between ADP with and without manifest ALN, and may help to elucidate the underlying pathomechanism in ALN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rother
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Malte Bumb
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Weiler
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Brault
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georges Sam
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John M Hayes
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Adriana Pietsch
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Spital Walenstadt, Walenstadt, Switzerland
| | | | - Johann M E Jende
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Heiland
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Experimental Radiology, Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kollmer
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sungura R, Onyambu C, Mpolya E, Sauli E, Vianney JM. The extended scope of neuroimaging and prospects in brain atrophy mitigation: A systematic review. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
6
|
Litak J, Mazurek M, Kulesza B, Szmygin P, Litak J, Kamieniak P, Grochowski C. Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249729. [PMID: 33419271 PMCID: PMC7766314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) represents a cluster of various vascular disorders with different pathological backgrounds. The advanced vasculature net of cerebral vessels, including small arteries, capillaries, arterioles and venules, is usually affected. Processes of oxidation underlie the pathology of CSVD, promoting the degenerative status of the epithelial layer. There are several classifications of cerebral small vessel diseases; some of them include diseases such as Binswanger’s disease, leukoaraiosis, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and lacunar strokes. This paper presents the characteristics of CSVD and the impact of the current knowledge of this topic on the diagnosis and treatment of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (P.K.)
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Marek Mazurek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Bartłomiej Kulesza
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Szmygin
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Joanna Litak
- St. John’s Cancer Center in Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
- Laboratory of Virtual Man, Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Singla A, Singh P, Panditrao M, Panditrao MM. Is Chronic Opioid Abuse Associated with Cerebral Atrophy? An Observational Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020; 24:276-280. [PMID: 32565639 PMCID: PMC7297238 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recreational drug abuse is a serious health problem that poses detrimental effects on central nervous system. Neuroimaging plays a pivotal role in the detection of these abnormal changes in the brain associated with the drug abuse. This study focuses on the grading of cerebral atrophy in the opioid-addicted patients and their association with the age and duration of opioid abuse. Objectives Grading of cerebral atrophy in opioid-addicted patients and to assess the probable association between chronic opioid abuse and cerebral atrophy in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods A retrospective study was carried out on 40 patients of opioid abuse who were admitted in the ICU of the hospital over a period of 2 years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of these patients was done using Siemens Avanto 1.5 Tesla scanner. Results All the patients were male with 25 patients having varying degrees of cerebral atrophy as assessed from Pasquier scale. Majority of the patients (n = 14) on chronic opioid abuse had global cortical atrophy (GCA) score of 1 indicative of mild cerebral atrophy. The associated factors like the duration of abuse and age of presentation had significant association with the cerebral atrophic changes in the brain (p < 0.05). Conclusion Opioid-dependent patients with long-term substance abuse had probable association with the atrophic changes in brain as assessed from neuroimaging. The progressing age and longer duration of drug abuse may foster significant alterations to the brain structure leading to varied degree of cerebral atrophy. How to cite this article Singla A, Singh P, Panditrao M, Panditrao MM. Is Chronic Opioid Abuse Associated with Cerebral Atrophy? An Observational Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(4):276–280.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Singla
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Pushpinder Singh
- Department of Radio Diagnosis, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Mridul Panditrao
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Minnu M Panditrao
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sungura RE, Spitsbergen JM, Mpolya EA, Sauli E, Vianney JM. The neuroimaging magnitude of pediatric brain atrophy in northern Tanzania. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 36:25. [PMID: 32774602 PMCID: PMC7388640 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.25.22515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The loss of parenchymal brain volume per normative age comparison is a distinctive feature of brain atrophy. While the condition is the most prevalent to elderly, it has also been observed in pediatric ages. Various causes such as trauma, infection, and malnutrition have been reported to trigger the loss of brain tissues volume. Despite this literature based knowledge of risk factors, the magnitude of brain atrophy in pediatric age group is scantly addressed in most developing countries including Tanzania. The current study aims to understand the magnitude of brain atrophy in children residing in Northern Zone, Tanzania. Methods A cross-sectional hospital survey was performed in which 455 children who were presented with various brain pathologies from the year 2013 to 2019 and whose brains examined by Computerized tomography (CT)-Scanners were recruited in the study. The brain statuses were examined using three linear radiological methods including the measure of sulcal-width, Evans index, and lateral ventricular body width. Results Results showed a significant number of atrophied brains among children in Northern Tanzania and that the condition was observed to have a 1:1 male to female ratio. The prevalence of pediatric brain atrophy was found to be 16.04%. Conclusion The cortical subtype of brain atrophy presented as the most prevalent type of brain volume loss. The findings of this study suggest existence of considerable trends of brain atrophy in children which need special attention and mitigation plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Erasto Sungura
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela-African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - John Martin Spitsbergen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Michigan, United State of America
| | - Emmanuel Abraham Mpolya
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela-African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania.,Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Michigan, United State of America
| | - Elingarami Sauli
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela-African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - John-Mary Vianney
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela-African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Predictors of Intraspinal Pressure and Optimal Cord Perfusion Pressure After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Neurocrit Care 2020; 30:421-428. [PMID: 30328047 PMCID: PMC6420421 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-018-0616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background/Objectives We recently developed techniques to monitor intraspinal pressure (ISP) and spinal cord perfusion pressure (SCPP) from the injury site to compute the optimum SCPP (SCPPopt) in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). We hypothesized that ISP and SCPPopt can be predicted using clinical factors instead of ISP monitoring. Methods Sixty-four TSCI patients, grades A–C (American spinal injuries association Impairment Scale, AIS), were analyzed. For 24 h after surgery, we monitored ISP and SCPP and computed SCPPopt (SCPP that optimizes pressure reactivity). We studied how well 28 factors correlate with mean ISP or SCPPopt including 7 patient-related, 3 injury-related, 6 management-related, and 12 preoperative MRI-related factors. Results All patients underwent surgery to restore normal spinal alignment within 72 h of injury. Fifty-one percentage had U-shaped sPRx versus SCPP curves, thus allowing SCPPopt to be computed. Thirteen percentage, all AIS grade A or B, had no U-shaped sPRx versus SCPP curves. Thirty-six percentage (22/64) had U-shaped sPRx versus SCPP curves, but the SCPP did not reach the minimum of the curve, and thus, an exact SCPPopt could not be calculated. In total 5/28 factors were associated with lower ISP: older age, excess alcohol consumption, nonconus medullaris injury, expansion duroplasty, and less intraoperative bleeding. In a multivariate logistic regression model, these 5 factors predicted ISP as normal or high with 73% accuracy. Only 2/28 factors correlated with lower SCPPopt: higher mean ISP and conus medullaris injury. In an ordinal multivariate logistic regression model, these 2 factors predicted SCPPopt as low, medium–low, medium–high, or high with only 42% accuracy. No MRI factors correlated with ISP or SCPPopt. Conclusions Elevated ISP can be predicted by clinical factors. Modifiable factors that may lower ISP are: reducing surgical bleeding and performing expansion duroplasty. No factors accurately predict SCPPopt; thus, invasive monitoring remains the only way to estimate SCPPopt. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12028-018-0616-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li J, Wang Y, Xu Z, Liu T, Zang X, Li M, Ma L. Whole-brain morphometric studies in alcohol addicts by voxel-based morphometry. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:635. [PMID: 31930036 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.10.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the morphological changes of the whole-brain in patients with alcohol addiction using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Methods Twenty alcohol addiction individuals and 20 healthy control volunteers, matched in gender, age, handedness and education, were enrolled as the alcohol addiction group and control group, respectively, from June 2017 to February 2018. The two groups underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the whole-brain using a 3.0T MRI system, and the MRI images were analyzed by VBM. Total brain volume analysis was performed to observe the changes of local brain volume. Independent samples t-test was used for comparison of whole-brain volumes between the two groups. Results Gray matter volume (GMV) was significantly more reduced in the left middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, left precuneate gyrus, left gyrus rectus, right medial superior frontal gyrus, and right orbital gyrus in patients with alcohol addiction than in healthy controls. White matter volume (WMV) in the bilateral superior frontal gyrus was also significantly more reduced in patients with alcohol addiction than in healthy controls. Whole-brain VBM results showed that white matter and brain parenchyma volumes (BPVs) were significantly smaller in patients with alcohol addiction than in healthy controls (both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in GMV between patients with alcohol addiction and healthy controls (P>0.05). Conclusions There are dominant areas of brain atrophy in patients with alcohol addiction. The VBM has a potential application value in detecting subtle brain atrophy in patients with alcohol addiction and providing an imaging basis in the diagnosis of alcohol addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yonghao Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhengyang Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tiefang Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiao Zang
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bernardo F, Rebordão L, Machado S, Salgado V, Pinto AN. In-Hospital and Long-Term Prognosis after Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage among Young Adults Aged 18-65 Years. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:104350. [PMID: 31492627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10%-15% of all strokes and has an estimated annual incidence of 5/100,000 in young adults. Limited data on prognosis after ICH in young adults are available. We aimed to identify prognostic predictors after ICH among adults aged 18-65 years. METHODS We retrospectively selected all patients with ICH from a prospective single-center registry of adults with first stroke before 65 years between 1997 and 2002. We recorded in-hospital mortality as well as mortality and recurrent stroke after discharge until December 1, 2018. For in-hospital analysis, we compared patients that died in-hospital versus patients discharged alive. For long-term analysis, we compared patients that died in follow-up versus patients still alive. Independent prognostic predictors were identified using multivariate analyses. RESULTS Among 161 patients included, 24 (14.9%) died in-hospital. Among in-hospital survivors, 5-year survival was 92.0%, 10-year survival 78.1%, and 15-year survival 62.0%. After median follow-up of 17 years, 47.4% of patients died, 18 patients had ischemic stroke, and 6 recurrent ICH. Regarding in-hospital prognosis, coma at admission (OR .02 [.00-.11]) was independent predictor for mortality whereas alcoholic habits (OR 12.32 [1.82-83.30]) was independent predictor for survival. An increasing age (OR 1.08 [1.03-1.12]), higher blood glucose levels (OR 1.01 [1.00-1.01]), and hypertension (OR 2.21 [1.22-4.00]) were independent predictors of long-term mortality after ICH. CONCLUSIONS Alcoholic habits may influence in-hospital survival after ICH in young adults. Long-term mortality in young adults seems to be lower than in elderly and was predicted by higher blood glucose levels and hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Bernardo
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal.
| | - Leonor Rebordão
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal
| | - Sara Machado
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal
| | - Vasco Salgado
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal
| | - Amélia Nogueira Pinto
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kovalic AJ, Cholankeril G, Satapathy SK. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease: metabolic diseases with systemic manifestations. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 4:65. [PMID: 31620647 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2019.08.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of liver disease is portrayed by several common, overarching signs and symptoms. Classically, these include findings such as spider angiomata, jaundice, palmar erythema, and as cirrhosis decompensates, ascites, variceal hemorrhage (VH), hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aside from these universal hallmarks among cirrhotics, patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) harbor their own distinct systemic associations and manifestations. NAFLD is tightly linked to metabolic syndrome, which appears to be a driving force for a multitude of comorbidities, such as insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), as well as increased malignancy risk. ALD also maintains a variety of comorbidities congruent with systemic effects of chronic alcohol use. These findings are highlighted by cardiovascular conditions, neuronal damage, myopathy, nutritional deficiencies, chronic pancreatitis, in addition to increased malignancy risk. While a general, guideline-driven management for all cirrhotic patients remains imperative for minimizing risk of complications, a tailored treatment strategy is useful for patients with NAFLD and ALD who entertain their own constellation of unique systemic manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Kovalic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - George Cholankeril
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sanjaya K Satapathy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatology, Sandra Atlas Bass Center for Liver Diseases & Transplantation, Barbara and Zucker School of Medicine for Hofstra/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Grochowski C, Blicharska E, Baj J, Mierzwińska A, Brzozowska K, Forma A, Maciejewski R. Serum iron, Magnesium, Copper, and Manganese Levels in Alcoholism: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2019; 24:E1361. [PMID: 30959950 PMCID: PMC6480471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to review recent literature (from 2000 onwards) and summarize the newest findings on fluctuations in the concentration of some essential macro- and microelements in those patients with a history of chronic alcohol abuse. The focus was mainly on four elements which the authors found of particular interest: Iron, magnesium, copper, and manganese. After independently reviewing over 50 articles, the results were consistent with regard to iron and magnesium. On the other hand, data were limited, and in some cases contradictory, as far as copper and manganese were concerned. Iron overload and magnesium deficiency are two common results of an excessive and prolonged consumption of alcohol. An increase in the levels of iron can be seen both in the serum and within the cells, hepatocytes in particular. This is due to a number of factors: Increased ferritin levels, lower hepcidin levels, as well as some fluctuations in the concentration of the TfR receptor for transferrin, among others. Hypomagnesemia is universally observed among those suffering from alcoholism. Again, the causes for this are numerous and include malnutrition, drug abuse, respiratory alkalosis, and gastrointestinal problems, apart from the direct influence of excessive alcohol intake. Unfortunately, studies regarding the levels of both copper and manganese in the case of (alcoholic) liver disease are scarce and often contradictory. Still, the authors have attempted to summarize and give a thorough insight into the literature available, bearing in mind the difficulties involved in the studies. Frequent comorbidities and mutual relationships between the elements in question are just some of the complications in the study of this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Grochowski
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (R.M.)
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Eliza Blicharska
- Department of Analitical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Aleksandra Mierzwińska
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (K.B.); aforma@o2pl (A.F.)
| | - Karolina Brzozowska
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (K.B.); aforma@o2pl (A.F.)
| | - Alicja Forma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (K.B.); aforma@o2pl (A.F.)
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (R.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zahr NM. Peripheral TNFα elevations in abstinent alcoholics are associated with hepatitis C infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191586. [PMID: 29408932 PMCID: PMC5800541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence supports the view that inflammatory processes contribute to brain alterations in HIV infection. Mechanisms recently proposed to underlie neuropathology in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) include elevations in peripheral cytokines that sensitize the brain to the damaging effects of alcohol. This study included 4 groups: healthy controls, individuals with AUD (abstinent from alcohol at examination), those infected with HIV, and those comorbid for HIV and AUD. The aim was to determine whether inflammatory cytokines are elevated in AUD as they are in HIV infection. Cytokines showing group differences included interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Follow-up t-tests revealed that TNFα and IP-10 were higher in AUD than controls but only in AUD patients who were seropositive for Hepatitis C virus (HCV). Specificity of TNFα and IP-10 elevations to HCV infection status was provided by correlations between cytokine levels and HCV viral load and indices of liver integrity including albumin/globulin ratio, fibrosis scores, and AST/platelet count ratio. Because TNFα levels were mediated by HCV infection, this study provides no evidence for elevations in peripheral cytokines in "uncomplicated", abstinent alcoholics, independent of liver disease or HCV infection. Nonetheless, these results corroborate evidence for elevations in IP-10 and TNFα in HIV and for IP-10 levels in HIV+HCV co-infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Neuroscience Department, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
NEUROLOGICAL AND NEUROIMAGING FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH POST-STROKE FATIGUE OVER THE SECOND HALF YEAR AFTER ACUTE CEREBROVASCULAR EVENTS. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2018-1-63-23-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
16
|
García-Marchena N, Silva-Peña D, Martín-Velasco AI, Villanúa MÁ, Araos P, Pedraz M, Maza-Quiroga R, Romero-Sanchiz P, Rubio G, Castilla-Ortega E, Suárez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Serrano A, Pavón FJ. Decreased plasma concentrations of BDNF and IGF-1 in abstinent patients with alcohol use disorders. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187634. [PMID: 29108028 PMCID: PMC5673472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of growth factors as potential biomarkers in alcohol addiction may help to understand underlying mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Previous studies have linked growth factors to neural plasticity in neurocognitive impairment and mental disorders. In order to further clarify the impact of chronic alcohol consumption on circulating growth factors, a cross-sectional study was performed in abstinent AUD patients (alcohol group, N = 91) and healthy control subjects (control group, N = 55) to examine plasma concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). The association of these plasma peptides with relevant AUD-related variables and psychiatric comorbidity was explored. The alcohol group was diagnosed with severe AUD and showed an average of 13 years of problematic use and 10 months of abstinence at the moment of participating in the study. Regarding common medical conditions associated with AUD, we observed an elevated incidence of alcohol-induced liver and pancreas diseases (18.7%) and psychiatric comorbidity (76.9%). Thus, AUD patients displayed a high prevalence of dual diagnosis (39.3%) [mainly depression (19.9%)] and comorbid substance use disorders (40.7%). Plasma BDNF and IGF-1 concentrations were significantly lower in the alcohol group than in the control group (p<0.001). Remarkably, there was a negative association between IGF-1 concentrations and age in the control group (r = -0.52, p<0.001) that was not found in the alcohol group. Concerning AUD-related variables, AUD patients with liver and pancreas diseases showed even lower concentrations of BDNF (p<0.05). In contrast, the changes in plasma concentrations of these peptides were not associated with abstinence, problematic use, AUD severity or lifetime psychiatric comorbidity. These results suggest that further research is necessary to elucidate the role of BDNF in alcohol-induced toxicity and the biological significance of the lack of correlation between age and plasma IGF-1 levels in abstinent AUD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria García-Marchena
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniel Silva-Peña
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - María Ángeles Villanúa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Araos
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Pedraz
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosa Maza-Quiroga
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pablo Romero-Sanchiz
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Instituto i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail: (FRF); (AS); (FJP)
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail: (FRF); (AS); (FJP)
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail: (FRF); (AS); (FJP)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Staffaroni AM, Elahi FM, McDermott D, Marton K, Karageorgiou E, Sacco S, Paoletti M, Caverzasi E, Hess CP, Rosen HJ, Geschwind MD. Neuroimaging in Dementia. Semin Neurol 2017; 37:510-537. [PMID: 29207412 PMCID: PMC5823524 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the diagnosis of dementia still is primarily based on clinical criteria, neuroimaging is playing an increasingly important role. This is in large part due to advances in techniques that can assist with discriminating between different syndromes. Magnetic resonance imaging remains at the core of differential diagnosis, with specific patterns of cortical and subcortical changes having diagnostic significance. Recent developments in molecular PET imaging techniques have opened the door for not only antemortem but early, even preclinical, diagnosis of underlying pathology. This is vital, as treatment trials are underway for pharmacological agents with specific molecular targets, and numerous failed trials suggest that earlier treatment is needed. This article provides an overview of classic neuroimaging findings as well as new and cutting-edge research techniques that assist with clinical diagnosis of a range of dementia syndromes, with an emphasis on studies using pathologically proven cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Staffaroni
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Fanny M. Elahi
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Dana McDermott
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Kacey Marton
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Elissaios Karageorgiou
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
- Neurological Institute of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Simone Sacco
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
- Institute of Radiology, Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Paoletti
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
- Institute of Radiology, Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eduardo Caverzasi
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Christopher P. Hess
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), California
| | - Howard J. Rosen
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Michael D. Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chamorro AJ, Rosón-Hernández B, Medina-García JA, Muga-Bustamante R, Fernández-Solá J, Martín-González MC, Seco-Hernández E, Novo-Veleiro I, Suárez-Cuervo C, Mateos-Díaz AM, Monte-Secades R, Machado-Prieto B, Puerta-Louro R, Prada-González C, Fernández-Rial Á, Sabio-Repiso P, Vázquez-Vigo R, Antolí-Royo AC, Gomila-Grange A, Felipe-Pérez NC, Sanvisens-Bergé A, Antúnez-Jorge E, Fernández-Rodríguez CM, Alvela-Suárez L, Fidalgo-Navarro A, Marcos M. Differences Between Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Patients With Wernicke Encephalopathy: A Multicenter Observational Study. Mayo Clin Proc 2017; 92:899-907. [PMID: 28578781 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the differences in characteristics and prognosis between alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients with Wernicke encephalopathy (WE). PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective observational cohort of 468 patients diagnosed with WE with at least 2 Caine criteria was selected from all patients discharged with a diagnosis of WE from 21 medical centers in Spain from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2012. Demographic, clinical, and outcome variables were described. RESULTS Among the 468 patients, the most common risk factor was alcoholism (n=434 [92.7%]). More than one-third of patients (n=181 [38.7%]) had the classic WE triad of symptoms (ocular signs, cerebellar dysfunction, and confusion). Among 252 patients for whom magnetic resonance imaging data were available, 135 (53.6%) had WE-related lesions and 42 (16.7%) had cerebellar lesions. Of the 468 patients, 25 (5.3%) died during hospitalization. Alcoholic patients presented more frequently than nonalcoholic patients with cerebellar signs (P=.01) but less frequently with ocular signs (P=.02). Alcoholic patients had a significantly higher frequency of hyponatremia (P=.04) and decreased platelet count (P=.005) compared with nonalcoholics. Alcoholic patients were diagnosed earlier than nonalcoholics (median time to diagnosis, 1 vs 4 days; P=.001) and had shorter hospitalizations (13 vs 23 days; P=.002). CONCLUSION Compared with nonalcoholic patients, alcoholic patients with WE are more likely to present with cerebellar signs and less likely to have ocular signs. Diagnosis may be delayed in nonalcoholic patients. Mortality in the present series was lower than described previously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Chamorro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - José-A Medina-García
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Roberto Muga-Bustamante
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Elena Seco-Hernández
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - Ignacio Novo-Veleiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Suárez-Cuervo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana M Mateos-Díaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Monte-Secades
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - Begoña Machado-Prieto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | - Álvaro Fernández-Rial
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Rocío Vázquez-Vigo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ana-C Antolí-Royo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complejo Asistencial de Ávila, Ávila, Spain
| | - Aina Gomila-Grange
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nieves-C Felipe-Pérez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Arantza Sanvisens-Bergé
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Lucía Alvela-Suárez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alba Fidalgo-Navarro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miguel Marcos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Paradoxical antidepressant effects of alcohol are related to acid sphingomyelinase and its control of sphingolipid homeostasis. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:463-483. [PMID: 28000031 PMCID: PMC5325869 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is a widely consumed drug that can lead to addiction and severe brain damage. However, alcohol is also used as self-medication for psychiatric problems, such as depression, frequently resulting in depression-alcoholism comorbidity. Here, we identify the first molecular mechanism for alcohol use with the goal to self-medicate and ameliorate the behavioral symptoms of a genetically induced innate depression. An induced over-expression of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), as was observed in depressed patients, enhanced the consumption of alcohol in a mouse model of depression. ASM hyperactivity facilitates the establishment of the conditioned behavioral effects of alcohol, and thus drug memories. Opposite effects on drinking and alcohol reward learning were observed in animals with reduced ASM function. Importantly, free-choice alcohol drinking—but not forced alcohol exposure—reduces depression-like behavior selectively in depressed animals through the normalization of brain ASM activity. No such effects were observed in normal mice. ASM hyperactivity caused sphingolipid and subsequent monoamine transmitter hypo-activity in the brain. Free-choice alcohol drinking restores nucleus accumbens sphingolipid- and monoamine homeostasis selectively in depressed mice. A gene expression analysis suggested strong control of ASM on the expression of genes related to the regulation of pH, ion transmembrane transport, behavioral fear response, neuroprotection and neuropeptide signaling pathways. These findings suggest that the paradoxical antidepressant effects of alcohol in depressed organisms are mediated by ASM and its control of sphingolipid homeostasis. Both emerge as a new treatment target specifically for depression-induced alcoholism.
Collapse
|
20
|
Fernández-Rodríguez C, González-Reimers E, Quintero-Platt G, de la Vega-Prieto MJ, Pérez-Hernández O, Martín-González C, Espelosín-Ortega E, Romero-Acevedo L, Santolaria-Fernández F. Homocysteine, Liver Function Derangement and Brain Atrophy in Alcoholics. Alcohol Alcohol 2016; 51:691-697. [PMID: 27261471 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agw031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hyperhomocysteinemia may be involved in the development of brain atrophy in alcoholics. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial. In the present study, we analyse the relationship between homocysteine levels and brain atrophy, and the relative weight of co-existing factors such as liver function impairment, the amount of ethanol consumed, serum vitamin B12, B6, and folic acid levels on homocysteine levels and brain alterations in alcoholic patients. METHODS We included 59 patients admitted to this hospital for major withdrawal symptoms and 24 controls. The mini-mental state examination test and a brain computed tomography (CT) scan were performed and several indices were calculated. Serum levels of homocysteine, folic acid, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 were determined. Liver function was assessed by Child-Pugh score. The daily consumption of ethanol in grams per day and years of addiction were recorded. RESULTS A total of 83.6% and 80% of the patients showed cerebellar or frontal atrophy, respectively. Patients showed altered values of brain indices, higher levels of homocysteine and vitamin B12, but lower levels of folic acid, compared with controls. Homocysteine, B12 and liver function variables showed significant correlations with brain CT indices. Multivariate analyses disclosed that Pugh's score, albumin and bilirubin were independently related to cerebellar atrophy, frontal atrophy, cella index or ventricular index. Serum vitamin B12 was the only factor independently related to Evans index. It was also related to cella index, but after bilirubin. Homocysteine levels were independently related to ventricular index, but after bilirubin. CONCLUSION Vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels are higher among alcoholics. Liver function derangement, vitamin B12 and homocysteine are all independently related to brain atrophy, although not to cognitive alterations. SHORT SUMMARY Hyperhomocysteinemia has been described in alcoholics and may be related to brain atrophy, a reversible condition with an obscure pathogenesis. We studied 59 patients and found that liver function derangement, vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels are all independently related to brain atrophy assessed by computed tomography, although we found no association between these parameters and cognitive alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camino Fernández-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38320, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Emilio González-Reimers
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38320, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Geraldine Quintero-Platt
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38320, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - María José de la Vega-Prieto
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38320, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Onán Pérez-Hernández
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38320, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Candelaria Martín-González
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38320, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Elisa Espelosín-Ortega
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38320, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Lucía Romero-Acevedo
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38320, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Francisco Santolaria-Fernández
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38320, Canary Islands, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Erol A, Karpyak VM. Sex and gender-related differences in alcohol use and its consequences: Contemporary knowledge and future research considerations. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 156:1-13. [PMID: 26371405 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 559] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To review the contemporary evidence reflecting male/female differences in alcohol use and its consequences along with the biological (sex-related) and psycho-socio-cultural (gender-related) factors associated with those differences. METHODS MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched for relevant publications, which were subsequently screened for the presence/absence of pre-specified criteria for high quality evidence. RESULTS Compared to men, more women are lifetime abstainers, drink less, and are less likely to engage in problem drinking, develop alcohol-related disorders or alcohol withdrawal symptoms. However, women drinking excessively develop more medical problems. Biological (sex-related) factors, including differences in alcohol pharmacokinetics as well as its effect on brain function and the levels of sex hormones may contribute to some of those differences. In addition, differences in alcohol effects on behavior may also be driven by psycho-socio-cultural (gender-related) factors. This is evident by variation in the magnitude of differences in alcohol use between countries, decreasing difference in the rates of alcohol consumption in recent generations and other findings. Evidence indicates that both sex and gender-related factors are interacting with alcohol use in complex manner, which differentially impacts the risk for development of the behavioral or medical problems and alcohol use disorders in men and women. CONCLUSIONS Discovery of the mechanisms underlying biological (sex-related) as well as psycho-socio-cultural (gender-related) differences in alcohol use and related disorders is needed for development of personalized recommendations for prevention and treatment of alcohol use disorders and related problems in men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almila Erol
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Basinsitesi, Izmir 35250, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 200 First Stret SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Victor M Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Basinsitesi, Izmir 35250, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pedraz M, Martín-Velasco AI, García-Marchena N, Araos P, Serrano A, Romero-Sanchiz P, Suárez J, Castilla-Ortega E, Barrios V, Campos-Cloute R, Ruiz JJ, Torrens M, Chowen JA, Argente J, de la Torre R, Santín LJ, Villanúa MÁ, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Pavón FJ. Plasma concentrations of BDNF and IGF-1 in abstinent cocaine users with high prevalence of substance use disorders: relationship to psychiatric comorbidity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118610. [PMID: 25734326 PMCID: PMC4348520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified biomarkers related to the severity and pathogenesis of cocaine addiction and common comorbid psychiatric disorders. Monitoring these plasma mediators may improve the stratification of cocaine users seeking treatment. Because the neurotrophic factors are involved in neural plasticity, neurogenesis and neuronal survival, we have determined plasma concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) in a cross-sectional study with abstinent cocaine users who sought outpatient treatment for cocaine (n = 100) and age/body mass matched controls (n = 85). Participants were assessed with the diagnostic interview 'Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders'. Plasma concentrations of these peptides were not different in cocaine users and controls. They were not associated with length of abstinence, duration of cocaine use or cocaine symptom severity. The pathological use of cocaine did not influence the association of IGF-1 with age observed in healthy subjects, but the correlation between IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 was not significantly detected. Correlation analyses were performed between these peptides and other molecules sensitive to addiction: BDNF concentrations were not associated with inflammatory mediators, lipid derivatives or IGF-1 in cocaine users, but correlated with chemokines (fractalkine/CX3CL1 and SDF-1/CXCL12) and N-acyl-ethanolamines (N-palmitoyl-, N-oleoyl-, N-arachidonoyl-, N-linoleoyl- and N-dihomo-γ-linolenoyl-ethanolamine) in controls; IGF-1 concentrations only showed association with IGFBP-3 concentrations in controls; and IGFBP-3 was only correlated with N-stearoyl-ethanolamine concentrations in cocaine users. Multiple substance use disorders and life-time comorbid psychopathologies were common in abstinent cocaine users. Interestingly, plasma BDNF concentrations were exclusively found to be decreased in users diagnosed with both primary and cocaine-induced disorders for mood and anxiety disorders. In summary, BDNF, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were not affected by a history of pathological use of cocaine supported by the absence of associations with other molecules sensitive to cocaine addiction. However, BDNF was affected by comorbid mood disorders. Further research is necessary to elucidate the role of BDNF and IGF-1 in the transition to cocaine addiction and associated psychiatric comorbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Pedraz
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Nuria García-Marchena
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pedro Araos
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pablo Romero-Sanchiz
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Campos-Cloute
- Centro de Tratamiento Ambulatorio Mijas Costa-Diputación de Málaga, Mijas, Spain
| | - Juan Jesús Ruiz
- Centro Provincial de Drogodependencia-Diputación de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Marta Torrens
- Neurosciences Program, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD) del Parc de Salut MAR, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julie Ann Chowen
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Program, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Ciencies de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Javier Santín
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Villanúa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Han JH, Tian HZ, Lian YY, Yu Y, Lu CB, Li XM, Zhang RL, Xu H. Quetiapine mitigates the ethanol-induced oxidative stress in brain tissue, but not in the liver, of the rat. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:1473-82. [PMID: 26109862 PMCID: PMC4474454 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s80505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic, has been employed to treat alcoholic patients with comorbid psychopathology. It was shown to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and to protect cultured cells from noxious effects of oxidative stress, a pathophysiological mechanism involved in the toxicity of alcohol. This study compared the redox status of the liver and the brain regions of prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of rats treated with or without ethanol and quetiapine. Ethanol administration for 1 week induced oxidative stress in the liver and decreased the activity of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) there. Coadministration of quetiapine did not protect glutathione peroxidase and TAC in the liver against the noxious effect of ethanol, thus was unable to mitigate the ethanol-induced oxidative stress there. The ethanol-induced alteration in the redox status in the prefrontal cortex is mild, whereas the hippocampus and cerebellum are more susceptible to ethanol intoxication. For all the examined brain regions, coadministration of quetiapine exerted effective protection on the antioxidants catalase and total superoxide dismutase and on the TAC, thus completely blocking the ethanol-induced oxidative stress in these brain regions. These protective effects may explain the clinical observations that quetiapine reduced psychiatric symptoms intensity and maintained a good level of tolerability in chronic alcoholism with comorbid psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-hong Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-zhao Tian
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang-yang Lian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-biao Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-min Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rui-ling Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Rui-ling Zhang, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, 388 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 373 337 3798, Email
| | - Haiyun Xu
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Haiyun Xu, The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 754 8890 0728, Email
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nakamura-Palacios EM, Souza RSM, Zago-Gomes MP, de Melo AMF, Braga FS, Kubo TTA, Gasparetto EL. Gray matter volume in left rostral middle frontal and left cerebellar cortices predicts frontal executive performance in alcoholic subjects. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 38:1126-33. [PMID: 24256621 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic subjects manifest important deficits in frontal executive function, yet maintain cognitive mental status within normal range. METHODS This study searched for volumetric measurements of segmented brain structures obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that would predict executive functions and cognitive mental status in alcoholic subjects. The frontal assessment battery (FAB) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were applied to alcoholic subjects who underwent MRI. Cortical and subcortical segmentation and corrections were performed using FreeSurfer. Multiple linear regressions analyses having volumetric measures of segmented brain structures as predictors for FAB or MMSE scores as dependent measures were conducted. Sixty alcoholic subjects, 52 males, mean age of 47.2 ± SD 10.4 years, with heavy use of alcohol (mean 284.4 ± SD 275.9 g of alcohol/d) over a long time (mean 32.4 ± SD 11.1 years), showed FAB 11.1 ± SD 3.2 and MMSE of 25.2 ± SD 4.1. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses having left and right side of each segment as predictors showed that gray matter volumes of rostral middle frontal cortex and cerebellar cortex (p < 0.001), in which only the left side of these structures showed significant partial effects in the full model (p < 0.05), showed to predict FAB performance. They were even more predictive when considered together (p < 0.001), in which both left rostral middle frontal cortex (p < 0.05) and left cerebellar cortex (p < 0.01) predictors had significant partial effects in the full model. None of brain structures was predictive of MMSE performance. CONCLUSIONS We have concluded that volumetric measurements of left rostral middle frontal and cerebellar cortices seem to be able to predict the frontal executive performance but not the cognitive mental status in alcoholic subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ester M Nakamura-Palacios
- Laboratory of Cognitive Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Science Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
De Guio F, Mangin JF, Rivière D, Perrot M, Molteno CD, Jacobson SW, Meintjes EM, Jacobson JL. A study of cortical morphology in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 35:2285-96. [PMID: 23946151 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is responsible for a broad range of brain structural malformations, which can be studied using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Advanced MRI methods have emerged to characterize brain abnormalities, but the teratogenic effects of alcohol on cortical morphology have received little attention to date. Twenty-four 9-year-old children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (9 with fetal alcohol syndrome, 15 heavy exposed nonsyndromal children) and 16 age-matched controls were studied to assess the effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on cortical morphology. An automated method was applied to 3D T1-weighted images to assess cortical gyrification using global and regional sulcal indices and two region-based morphological measurements, mean sulcal depth and fold opening. Increasing levels of alcohol exposure were related to reduced cortical folding complexity, even among children with normal brain size, indicating a reduction of buried cortical surface. Fold opening was the strongest anatomical correlate of prenatal alcohol intake, indicating a widening of sulci in all regions that were examined. These data identify cortical morphology as a suitable marker for further investigation of brain damage associated with prenatal alcohol exposure.
Collapse
|
26
|
Bourne SK, Conrad A, Neimat JS, Davis TL. Linear measurements of the cerebral ventricles are correlated with adult ventricular volume. J Clin Neurosci 2013; 20:763-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
27
|
Conrady CD, Zheng M, van Rooijen N, Drevets DA, Royer D, Alleman A, Carr DJJ. Microglia and a functional type I IFN pathway are required to counter HSV-1-driven brain lateral ventricle enlargement and encephalitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:2807-17. [PMID: 23382563 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
HSV-1 is the leading cause of sporadic viral encephalitis, with mortality rates approaching 30% despite treatment with the antiviral drug of choice, acyclovir. Permanent neurologic deficits are common in patients that survive, but the mechanism leading to this pathology is poorly understood, impeding clinical advancements in treatment to reduce CNS morbidity. Using magnetic resonance imaging and type I IFN receptor-deficient mouse chimeras, we demonstrate HSV-1 gains access to the murine brain stem and subsequently brain ependymal cells, leading to enlargement of the cerebral lateral ventricle and infection of the brain parenchyma. A similar enlargement in the lateral ventricles is found in a subpopulation of herpes simplex encephalitic patients. Associated with encephalitis is an increase in CXCL1 and CXCL10 levels in the cerebral spinal fluid, TNF-α expression in the ependymal region, and the influx of neutrophils of encephalitic mouse brains. Reduction in lateral ventricle enlargement using anti-secretory factor peptide 16 reduces mortality significantly in HSV-1-infected mice without any effect on expression of inflammatory mediators, infiltration of leukocytes, or changes in viral titer. Microglial cells but not infiltrating leukocytes or other resident glial cells or neurons are the principal source of resistance in the CNS during the first 5 d postinfection through a Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β-dependent, type I IFN pathway. Our results implicate lateral ventricle enlargement as a major cause of mortality in mice and speculate such an event transpires in a subpopulation of human HSV encephalitic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Conrady
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sobral-Oliveira MB, Faintuch J, Guarita DR, Oliveira CP, Carrilho FJ. Nutritional profile of asymptomatic alcoholic patients. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2012; 48:112-8. [PMID: 21709952 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032011000200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Alcoholism may interfere with nutritional status, but reports are often troubled by uncertainties about ingested diet and organ function, as well as by ongoing abuse and associated conditions. OBJECTIVE To identify nutritional and body compartment changes in stable alcoholics without confounding clinical and dietetic variables, a prospective observational pilot study was designed. Three well-matched populations were considered: subjects with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis, alcoholics without visceral disease, and healthy never-drinking adults (controls). METHODS Subjects (n = 60) were asymptomatic males with adequate diet, no superimposed disease or complication, and alcohol-free for at least 6 months. After exclusions, 48 patients were compared. Variables encompassed dietary recall, bioimpedance analysis, biochemical profile and inflammatory markers. Main outcome measures were body fat, lean body mass, serum lipids, C-reactive protein, and selected minerals and vitamins. RESULTS Both alcoholic populations suffered from reduced lean body mass (P = 0.001), with well-maintained body fat.Magnesium was depleted, and values of vitamin D and B12 correlated with alcohol abuse. LDL and total cholesterol was increased in alcoholics without pancreatitis (P = 0.04), but not in those with visceral damage. C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A correlated with duration of excessive drinking (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Undernutrition (diminished lean body mass, risk of magnesium and vitamin deficiencies) contrasted with dyslipidemia and increased cardiovascular risk. This second danger was masked during chronic pancreatitis but not in alcoholics without visceral disease. Further studies should focus special requirements of this population.
Collapse
|
29
|
Bühler M, Mann K. Alcohol and the human brain: a systematic review of different neuroimaging methods. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011; 35:1771-93. [PMID: 21777260 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imaging techniques have been in widespread use in the scientific community for more than 3 decades. They facilitate noninvasive, in vivo studies of the human brain in both healthy and diseased persons. These brain-imaging techniques have contributed significantly to our understanding of the effects of alcohol abuse and dependence on structural and functional changes in the human brain. A systematic review summarizing these contributions has not previously been conducted, and this is the goal of the current paper. METHODS The databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and PSYNDEX were searched using central key words. Fulfilling the inclusion criteria were 140 functional and structural imaging studies, together comprising data from more than 7,000 patients and controls. The structural imaging techniques we considered were cranial computerized tomography and various magnetic resonance imaging-based techniques, including voxel-based morphometry, deformation-based morphometry, diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging, and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The functional methods considered were magnetic resonance spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Results from studies using structural imaging techniques have revealed that chronic alcohol use is accompanied by volume reductions of gray and white matter, as well as microstructural disruption of various white matter tracts. These changes are partially reversible following abstinence. Results from functional imaging methods have revealed metabolic changes in the brain, lower glucose metabolism, and disruptions of the balance of neurotransmitter systems. Additionally, functional imaging methods have revealed increased brain activity in the mesocorticolimbic system in response to alcohol-themed pictures relative to nondrug-associated stimuli, which might be of predictive value with regard to relapse. CONCLUSIONS There has been tremendous progress in the development of imaging technologies. Use of these technologies has clearly demonstrated the structural and functional brain abnormalities that can occur with chronic alcohol use. The study of the alcoholic brain provides an heuristic model which furthers our understanding of neurodegenerative changes in general, as well as their partial reversibility with sustained abstinence. Additionally, functional imaging is poised to become an important tool for generating predictions about individual brain functioning, which can then be used as a basis for personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Bühler
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhu QF, Zhang CZ, Hua TM. Ethanol induces a reduction in cortical thickness, neuronal density and somatic shrinkage in the cerebellar cortex of adult mice. NEUROCHEM J+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712411020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
31
|
Zahr NM, Luong R, Sullivan EV, Pfefferbaum A. Measurement of serum, liver, and brain cytokine induction, thiamine levels, and hepatopathology in rats exposed to a 4-day alcohol binge protocol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011; 34:1858-70. [PMID: 20662804 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rodent and human studies, ethanol (EtOH) exposure is associated with elevated brain levels of the magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) signal representing choline-containing compounds (Cho). One interpretation of elevated brain Cho is that it is a marker of neuroinflammation, and some evidence suggests that EtOH exposure promotes neuroinflammation. This study aimed to determine whether binge EtOH exposure (intragastric 3 g/kg 25% EtOH every 8 hours for 4 days) would induce the expression of certain cytokines in blood, liver, or brain, thereby supporting the neuroinflammation hypothesis of elevated Cho. METHODS Ten of 18 wild-type male Wistar rats (~322 g at baseline) were exposed to EtOH and attained average blood alcohol levels of ~315 mg/dl across 4 days. Blood for cytokine immunoassays was collected at baseline, after 5 doses of EtOH (binge), and immediately preceding euthanasia either 4 or 24 hours after the last dose of EtOH. Blood was additionally assayed for the levels of thiamine and liver enzymes; liver histopathology was performed postmortem; and tissue from liver and 6 brain regions was assayed for the potential induction of 7 cytokines. RESULTS There were no group effects on the levels of thiamine or its phosphate derivatives, thiamine monophosphate or thiamine diphosphate. ANOVAs of liver enzyme levels indicated that only alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were higher in the EtOH group than in control group at binge; ALP elevations, however, are difficult to explain in the absence of changes in the levels of additional liver enzymes. Postmortem liver pathology provided evidence for minimal microvesicular lipidosis and portocentric fibrosis in the EtOH group. Group effects on the levels of the measured cytokines in the blood (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and GRO/CXCL1) were not significant. Similarly, postmortem evaluation of liver cytokines did not reveal group effects. Postmortem evaluation of the 7 cytokines in 6 brain regions (anterior cerebellar vermis, cingulate cortex, frontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, striatum) also failed to identify group effects. CONCLUSIONS A single 4-day bout of binge EtOH exposure alone was insufficient to induce the expression of 7 cytokines in blood, liver, or 6 brain regions of wild-type Wistar rats. Alternative interpretations for elevations in brain Cho in response to a 4-day binge EtOH treatment are therefore necessary and may include induction of cytokines not measured herein or other noninflammatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Zahr
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Baker ML, Wang JJ, Liew G, Hand PJ, De Silva DA, Lindley RI, Mitchell P, Wong MC, Rochtchina E, Wong TY, Wardlaw JM, Hankey GJ. Differential Associations of Cortical and Subcortical Cerebral Atrophy With Retinal Vascular Signs in Patients With Acute Stroke. Stroke 2010; 41:2143-50. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.110.594317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Baker
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia (M.L.B., J.J.W., T.Y.W.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; the Centre for Vision Research (J.J.W., G.L., P.M., E.R.), Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; the Department of Neurology (P.J.H.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Singapore General Hospital Campus (D.D.S.), National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; the Discipline of Medicine (R.I.L.), Sydney Medical
| | - Jie Jin Wang
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia (M.L.B., J.J.W., T.Y.W.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; the Centre for Vision Research (J.J.W., G.L., P.M., E.R.), Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; the Department of Neurology (P.J.H.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Singapore General Hospital Campus (D.D.S.), National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; the Discipline of Medicine (R.I.L.), Sydney Medical
| | - Gerald Liew
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia (M.L.B., J.J.W., T.Y.W.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; the Centre for Vision Research (J.J.W., G.L., P.M., E.R.), Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; the Department of Neurology (P.J.H.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Singapore General Hospital Campus (D.D.S.), National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; the Discipline of Medicine (R.I.L.), Sydney Medical
| | - Peter J. Hand
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia (M.L.B., J.J.W., T.Y.W.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; the Centre for Vision Research (J.J.W., G.L., P.M., E.R.), Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; the Department of Neurology (P.J.H.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Singapore General Hospital Campus (D.D.S.), National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; the Discipline of Medicine (R.I.L.), Sydney Medical
| | - Deidre A. De Silva
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia (M.L.B., J.J.W., T.Y.W.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; the Centre for Vision Research (J.J.W., G.L., P.M., E.R.), Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; the Department of Neurology (P.J.H.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Singapore General Hospital Campus (D.D.S.), National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; the Discipline of Medicine (R.I.L.), Sydney Medical
| | - Richard I. Lindley
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia (M.L.B., J.J.W., T.Y.W.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; the Centre for Vision Research (J.J.W., G.L., P.M., E.R.), Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; the Department of Neurology (P.J.H.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Singapore General Hospital Campus (D.D.S.), National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; the Discipline of Medicine (R.I.L.), Sydney Medical
| | - Paul Mitchell
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia (M.L.B., J.J.W., T.Y.W.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; the Centre for Vision Research (J.J.W., G.L., P.M., E.R.), Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; the Department of Neurology (P.J.H.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Singapore General Hospital Campus (D.D.S.), National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; the Discipline of Medicine (R.I.L.), Sydney Medical
| | - Meng-Cheong Wong
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia (M.L.B., J.J.W., T.Y.W.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; the Centre for Vision Research (J.J.W., G.L., P.M., E.R.), Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; the Department of Neurology (P.J.H.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Singapore General Hospital Campus (D.D.S.), National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; the Discipline of Medicine (R.I.L.), Sydney Medical
| | - Elena Rochtchina
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia (M.L.B., J.J.W., T.Y.W.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; the Centre for Vision Research (J.J.W., G.L., P.M., E.R.), Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; the Department of Neurology (P.J.H.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Singapore General Hospital Campus (D.D.S.), National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; the Discipline of Medicine (R.I.L.), Sydney Medical
| | - Tien Y. Wong
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia (M.L.B., J.J.W., T.Y.W.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; the Centre for Vision Research (J.J.W., G.L., P.M., E.R.), Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; the Department of Neurology (P.J.H.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Singapore General Hospital Campus (D.D.S.), National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; the Discipline of Medicine (R.I.L.), Sydney Medical
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia (M.L.B., J.J.W., T.Y.W.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; the Centre for Vision Research (J.J.W., G.L., P.M., E.R.), Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; the Department of Neurology (P.J.H.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Singapore General Hospital Campus (D.D.S.), National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; the Discipline of Medicine (R.I.L.), Sydney Medical
| | - Graeme J. Hankey
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia (M.L.B., J.J.W., T.Y.W.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; the Centre for Vision Research (J.J.W., G.L., P.M., E.R.), Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; the Department of Neurology (P.J.H.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Singapore General Hospital Campus (D.D.S.), National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; the Discipline of Medicine (R.I.L.), Sydney Medical
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fein G, Shimotsu R, Barakos J. Age-related gray matter shrinkage in a treatment naïve actively drinking alcohol-dependent sample. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 34:175-82. [PMID: 19860794 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated, in a small sample, steeper age-related gray matter shrinkage in treatment naïve alcohol-dependent (TxN) men compared to nonalcoholic controls, but could not separate out the contributions of age and lifetime duration of alcohol use (which were highly correlated) to this effect. In the current study, we have quadrupled the sample size and expanded it to include both men and women to try to replicate and extend the previous findings and to separate the contributions of age and alcohol use to the phenomenon. METHODS In the current study, we examine cortical gray matter volumes in 18- to 50-year-old TxN (n = 84) versus age and gender comparable controls (n = 67). We used a new Region of Interest Analysis method which accounts for differences in sulcal and gyral enfolding between individuals (Fein et al., 2009a). RESULTS We found greater age-related gray matter shrinkage in TxN than in controls. Partial correlation analysis showed that the effect was a function of age and not lifetime alcohol burden. CONCLUSIONS Implications of the findings are discussed in terms of their contribution toward our knowledge of differences between different subpopulations of alcoholics and in terms of their implications for the morbidity of alcohol dependence in an aging national population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Fein
- Neurobehavioral Research, Inc., Honolulu, Hawaii.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Prediction of deleterious non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms of genes related to ethanol-induced toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2009; 187:99-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
35
|
|
36
|
Maia CDSF, Lucena GMRDS, Corrêa PBF, Serra RB, Matos RWDM, Menezes FDC, Santos SND, Sousa JBD, Costa ETD, Ferreira VMM. Interference of ethanol and methylmercury in the developing central nervous system. Neurotoxicology 2008; 30:23-30. [PMID: 19100288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Studies involving alcohol and its interactions with other neurotoxicants represent the focus of several works of research due to the fact that the use of alcohol can sometimes leads to serious health problems. Fetal exposure to alcohol and mercury has a high incidence in some regions of Brazil, where there are pregnant women who are alcoholics and live in mining areas. This work was conducted to examine the effects of combined exposure to ethanol (EtOH) and methylmercury (MeHg) in rats during the development of the central nervous system (CNS). Experimental behavioral animal models/tests were used in order to examine locomotion, anxiety, depression and memory. Pregnant rats received tap water or EtOH 22.5% w/v (6.5 g/kg per day), by gavage) during pregnancy and breast-feeding. On the 15th day of pregnancy, some groups received 8 mg/kg of MeHg (by gavage). The groups were as follows: control, EtOH, MeHg and EtOH+MeHg. The experimental results showed that the EtOH, MeHg and EtOH+MeHg groups reduced the percentage of frequency and time spent in the open arms entries of the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, when compared to the control group. This result suggests an anxiogenic behavioral response. The MeHg group increased locomotor activity in the arena and the immobility time in the forced swimming test, suggestive of depression-like behavior. The EtOH+MeHg group showed greater reductions in the percentages of frequency and time spent in the open arms entries in the EPM test, suggesting a sedative-behavior since the frequency of enclosed arm entries was affected. In the inhibitory avoidance task, the EtOH+MeHg group reduced the latency of the step-down response onto the grid floor, suggesting a cognitive and behavior dysfunctions. Taken together, the results suggest that EtOH and/or MeHg intoxication during the developing CNS may be a risk for deficits related to locomotor impairment, anxiety, depression and neurocognitive functions. There is a possibility that EtOH may prevent some of the MeHg responses, but the precise mechanism of action involved in this process needs to be considered for future research.
Collapse
|
37
|
González Reimers E, Santolaria Fernández F. Benzodiacepinas, alcohol y deterioro neuropsicológico. Med Clin (Barc) 2008; 130:696-7. [DOI: 10.1157/13120779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|