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Choi S, Ofosu-Boateng M, Kim S, Nnamani DO, Mah'moud M, Neequaye P, Gebreyesus LH, Twum E, Gonzalez FJ, Yue Cui J, Gyamfi MA. Molecular targets of PXR-dependent ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in female mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116416. [PMID: 38986717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2), a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor signaling potentiates ethanol (EtOH)-induced hepatotoxicity in male mice, however, how PXR signaling modulates EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity in female mice is unknown. Wild type (WT) and Pxr-null mice received 5 % EtOH-containing diets or paired-fed control diets for 8 weeks followed by assessment of liver injury, EtOH elimination rates, histology, and changes in gene and protein expression; microarray and bioinformatic analyses were also employed to identify PXR targets in chronic EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity. In WT females, EtOH ingestion significantly increased serum ethanol and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, hepatic Pxr mRNA, constitutive androstane receptor activation, Cyp2b10 mRNA and protein, oxidative stress, endoplasmic stress (phospho-elF2α) and pro-apoptotic (Bax) protein expression. Unexpectedly, EtOH-fed female Pxr-null mice displayed increased EtOH elimination and elevated levels of hepatic acetaldehyde detoxifying aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a1 (Aldh1a1) mRNA and protein, EtOH-metabolizing alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1), and lipid suppressing microsomal triglyceride transport protein (MTP) protein, aldo-keto reductase 1b7 (Akr1b7) and Cyp2a5 mRNA, but suppressed CYP2B10 protein levels, with evidence of protection against chronic EtOH-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. While liver injury was not different between the two WT sexes, female sex may suppress EtOH-induced macrovesicular steatosis in the liver. Several genes and pathways important in retinol and steroid hormone biosynthesis, chemical carcinogenesis, and arachidonic acid metabolism were upregulated by EtOH in a PXR-dependent manner in both sexes. Together, these data establish that female Pxr-null mice are resistant to chronic EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity and unravel the PXR-dependent and -independent mechanisms that contribute to EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Choi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Malvin Ofosu-Boateng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Sarah Kim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Daniel O Nnamani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Mia Mah'moud
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Prince Neequaye
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Lidya H Gebreyesus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Elizabeth Twum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Maxwell A Gyamfi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163 USA.
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Nataraj K, Schonfeld M, Rodriguez A, Tikhanovich I. Protective role of 17β-estradiol in alcohol-associated liver fibrosis is mediated by suppression of integrin signaling. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0428. [PMID: 38704651 PMCID: PMC11073774 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease is a complex disease regulated by genetic and environmental factors such as diet and sex. The combination of high-fat diet and alcohol consumption has synergistic effects on liver disease progression. Female sex hormones are known to protect females from liver disease induced by high-fat diet. In contrast, they promote alcohol-mediated liver injury. We aimed to define the role of female sex hormones on liver disease induced by a combination of high-fat diet and alcohol. METHODS Wild-type and protein arginine methyltransferase (Prmt)6 knockout female mice were subjected to gonadectomy (ovariectomy, OVX) or sham surgeries and then fed western diet and alcohol in the drinking water. RESULTS We found that female sex hormones protected mice from western diet/alcohol-induced weight gain, liver steatosis, injury, and fibrosis. Our data suggest that these changes are, in part, mediated by estrogen-mediated induction of arginine methyltransferase PRMT6. Liver proteome changes induced by OVX strongly correlated with changes induced by Prmt6 knockout. Using Prmt6 knockout mice, we confirmed that OVX-mediated weight gain, steatosis, and injury are PRMT6 dependent, while OVX-induced liver fibrosis is PRMT6 independent. Proteomic and gene expression analyses revealed that estrogen signaling suppressed the expression of several components of the integrin pathway, thus reducing integrin-mediated proinflammatory (Tnf, Il6) and profibrotic (Tgfb1, Col1a1) gene expression independent of PRMT6 levels. Integrin signaling inhibition using Arg-Gly-Asp peptides reduced proinflammatory and profibrotic gene expression in mice, suggesting that integrin suppression by estrogen is protective against fibrosis development. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, estrogen signaling protects mice from liver disease induced by a combination of alcohol and high-fat diet through upregulation of Prmt6 and suppression of integrin signaling.
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Kharbanda KK, Chokshi S, Tikhanovich I, Weinman SA, New-Aaron M, Ganesan M, Osna NA. A Pathogenic Role of Non-Parenchymal Liver Cells in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease of Infectious and Non-Infectious Origin. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:255. [PMID: 36829532 PMCID: PMC9953685 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Now, much is known regarding the impact of chronic and heavy alcohol consumption on the disruption of physiological liver functions and the induction of structural distortions in the hepatic tissues in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). This review deliberates the effects of alcohol on the activity and properties of liver non-parenchymal cells (NPCs), which are either residential or infiltrated into the liver from the general circulation. NPCs play a pivotal role in the regulation of organ inflammation and fibrosis, both in the context of hepatotropic infections and in non-infectious settings. Here, we overview how NPC functions in ALD are regulated by second hits, such as gender and the exposure to bacterial or viral infections. As an example of the virus-mediated trigger of liver injury, we focused on HIV infections potentiated by alcohol exposure, since this combination was only limitedly studied in relation to the role of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the development of liver fibrosis. The review specifically focusses on liver macrophages, HSC, and T-lymphocytes and their regulation of ALD pathogenesis and outcomes. It also illustrates the activation of NPCs by the engulfment of apoptotic bodies, a frequent event observed when hepatocytes are exposed to ethanol metabolites and infections. As an example of such a double-hit-induced apoptotic hepatocyte death, we deliberate on the hepatotoxic accumulation of HIV proteins, which in combination with ethanol metabolites, causes intensive hepatic cell death and pro-fibrotic activation of HSCs engulfing these HIV- and malondialdehyde-expressing apoptotic hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London SE5 9NT, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Irina Tikhanovich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA
| | - Steven A. Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA
- Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Administration Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
| | - Moses New-Aaron
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Warner JB, Guenthner SC, Hardesty JE, McClain CJ, Warner DR, Kirpich IA. Liver-specific drug delivery platforms: Applications for the treatment of alcohol-associated liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:5280-5299. [PMID: 36185629 PMCID: PMC9521517 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i36.5280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a common chronic liver disease and major contributor to liver disease-related deaths worldwide. Despite its pre-valence, there are few effective pharmacological options for the severe stages of this disease. While much pre-clinical research attention is paid to drug development in ALD, many of these experimental therapeutics have limitations such as poor pharmacokinetics, poor efficacy, or off-target side effects due to systemic administration. One means of addressing these limitations is through liver-targeted drug delivery, which can be accomplished with different platforms including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, exosomes, bacteria, and adeno-associated viruses, among others. These platforms allow drugs to target the liver passively or actively, thereby reducing systemic circulation and increasing the ‘effective dose’ in the liver. While many studies, some clinical, have applied targeted delivery systems to other liver diseases such as viral hepatitis or hepatocellular carcinoma, only few have investigated their efficacy in ALD. This review provides basic information on these liver-targeting drug delivery platforms, including their benefits and limitations, and summarizes the current research efforts to apply them to the treatment of ALD in rodent models. We also discuss gaps in knowledge in the field, which when addressed, may help to increase the efficacy of novel therapies and better translate them to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Barr Warner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Steven Corrigan Guenthner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Josiah Everett Hardesty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Craig James McClain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Veterans Health Administration, Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, United States
| | - Dennis Ray Warner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Irina Andreyevna Kirpich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
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Joshi AD, Thinakaran G, Elferink C. Cinnabarinic Acid-Induced Stanniocalcin 2 Confers Cytoprotection against Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 381:1-11. [PMID: 35078862 PMCID: PMC8998678 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently identified upregulation of a novel aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) target gene, stanniocalcin 2 (STC2), by an endogenous AhR agonist, cinnabarinic acid (CA). STC2 is a disulfide-linked homodimeric secreted glycoprotein that plays a role in various physiologic processes, including cell metabolism, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress, calcium regulation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Our previous studies have confirmed that CA-induced AhR-dependent STC2 expression was able to confer cytoprotection both in vitro and in vivo in response to injury induced by variety of ER/oxidative insults. Here, we used mouse models of chronic and acute ethanol feeding and demonstrated that upregulation of STC2 by CA was critical for cytoprotection. In STC2 knockout mice (STC2-/-), CA failed to protect against both acute as well as chronic-plus-binge ethanol-induced liver injury, whereas re-expression of STC2 in the liver using in vivo gene delivery restored cytoprotection against injury based on measures of apoptosis and serum levels of liver enzymes, underlining STC2's indispensable function in cell survival. In conclusion, the identification of STC2 as an AhR target gene receptive to CA-mediated endogenous AhR signaling and STC2's role in providing cytoprotection against liver injury represents a key finding with potentially significant therapeutic implications. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: We recently identified stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) as a novel aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) target gene regulated by endogenous AhR agonist and tryptophan metabolite, cinnabarinic acid (CA). Here, we showed that CA-induced STC2 expression conferred cytoprotection against apoptosis, steatosis, and liver injury in chronic as well as acute models of ethanol feeding. Therefore, this study will prove instrumental in developing CA as a promising lead compound for future drug development against hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya D Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (A.D.J.); Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (G.T.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.E.)
| | - Gopal Thinakaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (A.D.J.); Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (G.T.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.E.)
| | - Cornelis Elferink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (A.D.J.); Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (G.T.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.E.)
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Pregnancy and weaning regulate human maternal liver size and function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2107269118. [PMID: 34815335 PMCID: PMC8640831 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107269118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the rodent liver undergoes hepatocyte proliferation and increases in size, followed by weaning-induced involution via hepatocyte cell death and stromal remodeling, creating a prometastatic niche. These data suggest a mechanism for increased liver metastasis in breast cancer patients with recent childbirth. It is unknown whether the human liver changes in size and function during pregnancy and weaning. In this study, abdominal imaging was obtained in healthy women at early and late pregnancy and postwean. During pregnancy time points, glucose production and utilization and circulating bile acids were measured. Independently of weight gain, most women's livers increased in size with pregnancy, then returned to baseline postwean. Putative roles for bile acids in liver growth and regression were observed. Together, the data support the hypothesis that the human liver is regulated by reproductive state with growth during pregnancy and volume loss postwean. These findings have implications for sex-specific liver diseases and for breast cancer outcomes.
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Bauer EE, Shoeman A, Buhr TJ, Daniels KM, Lyte M, Clark PJ. Voluntary binge-patterned alcohol drinking and sex-specific influences on monoamine-related neurochemical signatures in the mouse gut and brain. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:996-1012. [PMID: 33704774 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered monoamine (i.e., serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine) activity following episodes of alcohol abuse plays key roles not only in the motivation to ingest ethanol, but also physiological dysfunction related to its misuse. Although monoamine activity is essential for physiological processes that require coordinated communication across the gut-brain axis (GBA), relatively little is known about how alcohol misuse may affect monoamine levels across the GBA. Therefore, we evaluated monoamine activity across the mouse gut and brain following episodes of binge-patterned ethanol drinking. METHODS Monoamine and select metabolite neurochemical concentrations were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography in gut and brain regions of female and male C57BL/6J mice following "Drinking in the Dark" (DID), a binge-patterned ethanol ingestion paradigm. RESULTS First, we found that alcohol access had an overall small effect on gut monoamine-related neurochemical concentrations, primarily influencing dopamine activity. Second, neurochemical patterns between the small intestine and the striatum were correlated, adding to recent evidence of modulatory activity between these areas. Third, although alcohol access robustly influenced activity in brain areas in the mesolimbic dopamine system, binge exposure also influenced monoaminergic activity in the hypothalamic region. Finally, sex differences were observed in the concentrations of neurochemicals within the gut, which was particularly pronounced in the small intestine. CONCLUSION Together, these data provide insights into the influence of alcohol abuse and biological sex on monoamine-related neurochemical changes across the GBA, which could have important implications for GBA function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella E Bauer
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Allyse Shoeman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Trevor J Buhr
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Karrie M Daniels
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Mark Lyte
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Peter J Clark
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Alharshawi K, Fey H, Vogle A, Klenk T, Kim M, Aloman C. Alcohol Consumption Accumulation of Monocyte Derived Macrophages in Female Mice Liver Is Interferon Alpha Receptor Dependent. Front Immunol 2021; 12:663548. [PMID: 33995391 PMCID: PMC8119877 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.663548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes develop in the bone marrow from the hematopoietic stem cells and represent heterogeneous phagocyte cells in the circulation. In homeostatic and inflammatory conditions, after recruitment into tissues, monocytes differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells. Alcohol use causes about 3.3 million worldwide deaths per year, which is about 5.9% of all deaths. In the United States and Europe, alcohol use disorders represent the fifth leading cause of death. Females are more susceptible to alcoholic liver injury in both humans and mice. Strikingly, we still do not know how much of this difference in tissue injury is due to the differential effect of alcohol and its toxic metabolites on a) parenchymal or resident cells and/or b) immune response to alcohol. Therefore, we used a model of chronic alcohol exposure in mice to investigate the dynamics of monocytes, an innate immune cell type showed to be critical in alcoholic liver injury, by using immunophenotypic characterization. Our data reveal a sex-dimorphism of alcohol response of hepatic monocytes in female mice that is interferon receptor alpha dependent. This dimorphism could shed light on potential cellular mechanism(s) to explain the susceptibility of females to alcoholic immunopathogenesis and suggests an additional targetable pathway for alcoholic liver injury in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Alharshawi
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Holger Fey
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alyx Vogle
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tori Klenk
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Miran Kim
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Costica Aloman
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Sheriff L, Khan RS, Saborano R, Wilkin R, Luu NT, Gunther UL, Hubscher SG, Newsome PN, Lalor PF. Alcoholic hepatitis and metabolic disturbance in female mice: a more tractable model than Nrf2-/- animals. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm046383. [PMID: 33067186 PMCID: PMC7790192 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.046383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is the dramatic acute presentation of alcoholic liver disease, with a 15% mortality rate within 28 days in severe cases. Research into AH has been hampered by the lack of effective and reproducible murine models that can be operated under different regulatory frameworks internationally. The liquid Lieber-deCarli (LdC) diet has been used as a means of ad libitum delivery of alcohol but without any additional insult, and is associated with relatively mild liver injury. The transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protects against oxidative stress, and mice deficient in this molecule are suggested to be more sensitive to alcohol-induced injury. We have established a novel model of AH in mice and compared the nature of liver injury in C57/BL6 wild-type (WT) versus Nrf2-/- mice. Our data showed that both WT and Nrf2-/- mice demonstrate robust weight loss, and an increase in serum transaminase, steatosis and hepatic inflammation when exposed to diet and ethanol. This is accompanied by an increase in peripheral blood and hepatic myeloid cell populations, fibrogenic response and compensatory hepatocyte regeneration. We also noted characteristic disturbances in hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Importantly, use of Nrf2-/- mice did not increase hepatic injury responses in our hands, and female WT mice exhibited a more-reproducible response. Thus, we have demonstrated that this simple murine model of AH can be used to induce an injury that recreates many of the key human features of AH - without the need for challenging surgical procedures to administer ethanol. This will be valuable for understanding of the pathogenesis of AH, for testing new therapeutic treatments or devising metabolic approaches to manage patients whilst in medical care.This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lozan Sheriff
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Reenam S Khan
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Raquel Saborano
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard Wilkin
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nguyet-Thin Luu
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ulrich L Gunther
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefan G Hubscher
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Philip N Newsome
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Patricia F Lalor
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Lamas-Paz A, Morán L, Peng J, Salinas B, López-Alcántara N, Sydor S, Vilchez-Vargas R, Asensio I, Hao F, Zheng K, Martín-Adrados B, Moreno L, Cogolludo A, Gómez Del Moral M, Bechmann L, Martínez-Naves E, Vaquero J, Bañares R, Nevzorova YA, Cubero FJ. Intestinal Epithelial Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Hepatic Injury via the Gut-Liver Axis During Acute Alcohol Injury. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:603771. [PMID: 33408632 PMCID: PMC7779758 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.603771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking, i.e., heavy episodic drinking in a short time, has recently become an alarming societal problem with negative health impact. However, the harmful effects of acute alcohol injury in the gut-liver axis remain elusive. Hence, we focused on the physiological and pathological changes and the underlying mechanisms of experimental binge drinking in the context of the gut-liver axis. Eight-week-old mice with a C57BL/6 background received a single dose (p.o.) of ethanol (EtOH) [6 g/kg b.w.] as a preclinical model of acute alcohol injury. Controls received a single dose of PBS. Mice were sacrificed 8 h later. In parallel, HepaRGs and Caco-2 cells, human cell lines of differentiated hepatocytes and intestinal epithelial cells intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), respectively, were challenged in the presence or absence of EtOH [0–100 mM]. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated by ultracentrifugation from culture media of IECs were added to hepatocyte cell cultures. Increased intestinal permeability, loss of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and MUCIN-2 expression, and alterations in microbiota—increased Lactobacillus and decreased Lachnospiraceae species—were found in the large intestine of mice exposed to EtOH. Increased TUNEL-positive cells, infiltration of CD11b-positive immune cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tlr4, tnf, il1β), and markers of lipid accumulation (Oil Red O, srbep1) were evident in livers of mice exposed to EtOH, particularly in females. In vitro experiments indicated that EVs released by IECs in response to ethanol exerted a deleterious effect on hepatocyte viability and lipid accumulation. Overall, our data identified a novel mechanism responsible for driving hepatic injury in the gut-liver axis, opening novel avenues for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantza Lamas-Paz
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.,12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Morán
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Aparato Digestivo del Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Beatriz Salinas
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo del Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédico en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria López-Alcántara
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Svenja Sydor
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ramiro Vilchez-Vargas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Otto von Guericke University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Iris Asensio
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo del Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research, Network on Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fengjie Hao
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.,12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Department of General Surgery, Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.,12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Beatriz Martín-Adrados
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.,12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Complutense University School of Medicine and Centre for Biomedical Research, Network on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Complutense University School of Medicine and Centre for Biomedical Research, Network on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez Del Moral
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lars Bechmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Naves
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.,12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo del Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research, Network on Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Bañares
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo del Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research, Network on Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yulia A Nevzorova
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.,12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.,12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
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11
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Alharshawi K, Fey H, Vogle A, Klenk T, Kim M, Aloman C. Sex specific effect of alcohol on hepatic plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107166. [PMID: 33199233 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease includes a spectrum of clinical and histological entities. They result from the combined direct effect of alcohol and its metabolites on immune cells and resident tissue cells. In humans and mice, females are more susceptible to alcoholic liver injury than males. Despite being involved in sex specific differences of immune mediated tissue injury, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) have not been thoroughly assessed as a cellular target of alcohol in humans or mice. Therefore, Meadows-Cook diet was used to study alcohol effect on hepatic dendritic cells. Alcohol consumption for 12 weeks increased hepatic pDCs in female mice. The expression of the C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) increased in hepatic pDC of alcohol-fed female mice. Bone marrow transplant chimera showed CCR2 dependent bone marrow egress of pDCs. Chronic alcohol exposure has a sex specific effect on hepatic pDCs population that may explain sex differences to alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Alharshawi
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Holger Fey
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Alyx Vogle
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Tori Klenk
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Miran Kim
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Costica Aloman
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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12
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Della Torre S. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease as a Canonical Example of Metabolic Inflammatory-Based Liver Disease Showing a Sex-Specific Prevalence: Relevance of Estrogen Signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:572490. [PMID: 33071979 PMCID: PMC7531579 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.572490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is extensive evidence supporting the interplay between metabolism and immune response, that have evolved in close relationship, sharing regulatory molecules and signaling systems, to support biological functions. Nowadays, the disruption of this interaction in the context of obesity and overnutrition underlies the increasing incidence of many inflammatory-based metabolic diseases, even in a sex-specific fashion. During evolution, the interplay between metabolism and reproduction has reached a degree of complexity particularly high in female mammals, likely to ensure reproduction only under favorable conditions. Several factors may account for differences in the incidence and progression of inflammatory-based metabolic diseases between females and males, thus contributing to age-related disease development and difference in life expectancy between the two sexes. Among these factors, estrogens, acting mainly through Estrogen Receptors (ERs), have been reported to regulate several metabolic pathways and inflammatory processes particularly in the liver, the metabolic organ showing the highest degree of sexual dimorphism. This review aims to investigate on the interaction between metabolism and inflammation in the liver, focusing on the relevance of estrogen signaling in counteracting the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a canonical example of metabolic inflammatory-based liver disease showing a sex-specific prevalence. Understanding the role of estrogens/ERs in the regulation of hepatic metabolism and inflammation may provide the basis for the development of sex-specific therapeutic strategies for the management of such an inflammatory-based metabolic disease and its cardio-metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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13
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Valcin JA, Udoh US, Swain TM, Andringa KK, Patel CR, Al Diffalha S, Baker PRS, Gamble KL, Bailey SM. Alcohol and Liver Clock Disruption Increase Small Droplet Macrosteatosis, Alter Lipid Metabolism and Clock Gene mRNA Rhythms, and Remodel the Triglyceride Lipidome in Mouse Liver. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1048. [PMID: 33013449 PMCID: PMC7504911 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy alcohol drinking dysregulates lipid metabolism, promoting hepatic steatosis – the first stage of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). The molecular circadian clock plays a major role in synchronizing daily rhythms in behavior and metabolism and clock disruption can cause pathology, including liver disease. Previous studies indicate that alcohol consumption alters liver clock function, but the impact alcohol or clock disruption, or both have on the temporal control of hepatic lipid metabolism and injury remains unclear. Here, we undertook studies to determine whether genetic disruption of the liver clock exacerbates alterations in lipid metabolism and worsens steatosis in alcohol-fed mice. To address this question, male liver-specific Bmal1 knockout (LKO) and flox/flox (Fl/Fl) control mice were fed a control or alcohol-containing diet for 5 weeks. Alcohol significantly dampened diurnal rhythms of mRNA levels in clock genes Bmal1 and Dbp, phase advanced Nr1d1/REV-ERBα, and induced arrhythmicity in Clock, Noct, and Nfil3/E4BP4, with further disruption in livers of LKO mice. Alcohol-fed LKO mice exhibited higher plasma triglyceride (TG) and different time-of-day patterns of hepatic TG and macrosteatosis, with elevated levels of small droplet macrosteatosis compared to alcohol-fed Fl/Fl mice. Diurnal rhythms in mRNA levels of lipid metabolism transcription factors (Srebf1, Nr1h2, and Ppara) were significantly altered by alcohol and clock disruption. Alcohol and/or clock disruption significantly altered diurnal rhythms in mRNA levels of fatty acid (FA) synthesis and oxidation (Acaca/b, Mlycd, Cpt1a, Fasn, Elovl5/6, and Fads1/2), TG turnover (Gpat1, Agpat1/2, Lpin1/2, Dgat2, and Pnpla2/3), and lipid droplet (Plin2/5, Lipe, Mgll, and Abdh5) genes, along with protein abundances of p-ACC, MCD, and FASN. Lipidomics analyses showed that alcohol, clock disruption, or both significantly altered FA saturation and remodeled the FA composition of the hepatic TG pool, with higher percentages of several long and very long chain FA in livers of alcohol-fed LKO mice. In conclusion, these results show that the liver clock is important for maintaining temporal control of hepatic lipid metabolism and that disrupting the liver clock exacerbates alcohol-related hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Valcin
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Uduak S Udoh
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Telisha M Swain
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kelly K Andringa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Chirag R Patel
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sameer Al Diffalha
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Shannon M Bailey
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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14
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Correnti J, Lin C, Brettschneider J, Kuriakose A, Jeon S, Scorletti E, Oranu A, McIver-Jenkins D, Kaneza I, Buyco D, Saiman Y, Furth EE, Argemi J, Bataller R, Holland WL, Carr RM. Liver-specific ceramide reduction alleviates steatosis and insulin resistance in alcohol-fed mice. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:983-994. [PMID: 32398264 PMCID: PMC7328039 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol's impairment of both hepatic lipid metabolism and insulin resistance (IR) are key drivers of alcoholic steatosis, the initial stage of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Pharmacologic reduction of lipotoxic ceramide prevents alcoholic steatosis and glucose intolerance in mice, but potential off-target effects limit its strategic utility. Here, we employed a hepatic-specific acid ceramidase (ASAH) overexpression model to reduce hepatic ceramides in a Lieber-DeCarli model of experimental alcoholic steatosis. We examined effects of alcohol on hepatic lipid metabolism, body composition, energy homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity as measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Our results demonstrate that hepatic ceramide reduction ameliorates the effects of alcohol on hepatic lipid droplet (LD) accumulation by promoting VLDL secretion and lipophagy, the latter of which involves ceramide cross-talk between the lysosomal and LD compartments. We additionally demonstrate that hepatic ceramide reduction prevents alcohol's inhibition of hepatic insulin signaling. These effects on the liver are associated with a reduction in oxidative stress markers and are relevant to humans, as we observe peri- LD ASAH expression in human ALD. Together, our results suggest a potential role for hepatic ceramide inhibition in preventing ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Correnti
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chelsea Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Amy Kuriakose
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sookyoung Jeon
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eleonora Scorletti
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amanke Oranu
- Division of Gastroenterology, United Health Services, Binghamton, NY
| | - Dru McIver-Jenkins
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Isabelle Kaneza
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Delfin Buyco
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yedidya Saiman
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emma E Furth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Josepmaria Argemi
- Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Rotonya M Carr
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. mailto:
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15
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Matsushita H, Takaki A. Alcohol and hepatocellular carcinoma. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2019; 6:e000260. [PMID: 31139422 PMCID: PMC6505979 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2018-000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer because it induces hepatocellular carcinoma (among other cancers) in humans. An excessive alcohol intake may result in fatty liver, acute/chronic hepatitis, and cirrhosis and eventually lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. It has been reported that alcohol abuse increases the relative risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by 3- to 10-fold. AIM AND METHODS To clarify the known mechanisms of alcohol-related carcinogenesis, we searched Pubmed using the terms alcohol and immune mechanism, alcohol and cancer, and immune mechanism and cancer and summarized the articles as a qualitative review. RESULTS From a clinical perspective, it is well known that alcohol interacts with other factors, such as smoking, viral hepatitis, and diabetes, leading to an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. There are several possible mechanisms through which alcohol may induce liver carcinogenicity, including the mutagenic effects of acetaldehyde and the production of ROS due to the excessive hepatic deposition of iron. Furthermore, it has been reported that alcohol accelerates hepatitis C virus-induced liver tumorigenesis through TLR4 signaling. Despite intense investigations to elucidate the mechanisms, they remain poorly understood. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the recent findings of clinical and pathological studies that have investigated the carcinogenic effects of alcohol in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Matsushita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akinobu Takaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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16
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Jung F, Lippmann T, Brandt A, Jin CJ, Engstler AJ, Baumann A. Moderate consumption of fermented alcoholic beverages diminishes diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through mechanisms involving hepatic adiponectin signaling in mice. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:787-799. [PMID: 30879098 PMCID: PMC7058579 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Results of some epidemiological studies suggest that moderate alcohol consumption may be associated with a decreased risk to develop NAFLD. Here, the effect of the consumption of moderate beer and diluted ethanol, respectively, on the development of NAFLD were assessed. METHODS Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet (C-D) or a diet rich in fructose, fat and cholesterol (FFC) enriched isocalorically and isoalcoholically with beer (FFC + B) or plain ethanol (FFC + E) (2.5 g ethanol/kg body weight/day) for 7 weeks. Liver damage was assessed by histology using NAFLD activity score. Markers of inflammation, insulin resistance and adiponectin signaling were measured at mRNA and protein levels. Using J774A.1 cells as a model of Kupffer cells, the effect of alcoholic beverages on adiponectin receptor 1 (Adipor1) was assessed. RESULTS Hepatic triglyceride concentration, neutrophil granulocytes, iNOS protein concentrations and early signs of insulin resistance found in FFC-fed mice were significantly attenuated in FFC+ B-fed mice (P < 0.05 for all). These findings were associated with a super-induction of Adipor1 mRNA expression (+ ~ 18-fold compared to all other groups) and a decrease of markers of lipid peroxidation in liver tissue of FFC + B-fed mice when compared to FFC-fed animals. Similar differences were not found between FFC- and FFC+ E-fed mice. Expression of Adipor1 was also super-induced (7.5-fold) in J774A.1 cells treated with beer (equivalent to 2 mmol/L ethanol). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that moderate intake of fermented alcoholic beverages such as beer at least partially attenuates NAFLD development through mechanisms associated with hepatic AdipoR1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14 (UZA II), 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tino Lippmann
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Straße 22-25, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14 (UZA II), 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Straße 22-25, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Janina Engstler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14 (UZA II), 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14 (UZA II), 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Randall PA, Vetreno RP, Makhijani VH, Crews FT, Besheer J. The Toll-Like Receptor 3 Agonist Poly(I:C) Induces Rapid and Lasting Changes in Gene Expression Related to Glutamatergic Function and Increases Ethanol Self-Administration in Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 43:48-60. [PMID: 30403408 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that neuroimmune signaling via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) alters brain circuitry related to alcohol use disorders. Both ethanol (EtOH) exposure and the TLR3 agonist, poly(I:C), increase brain TLR3 expression in neurons and glia. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that cortical TLR3 expression is correlated with lifetime EtOH intake in humans. METHODS The current experiments investigated the consequences of poly(I:C) treatment on gene expression in 2 brain regions contributing to alcohol reinforcement, the insular cortex (IC) and nucleus accumbens (Acb) and on operant EtOH self-administration, in Long Evans rats. RESULTS TLR3 activation increased mRNA levels of neuroimmune genes (TLR3, COX2), glutamatergic genes (mGluR2, mGluR3, GLT1), and the trophic factor BDNF in Acb and IC. Furthermore, increases in each of these genes were correlated with increases in TLR3 mRNA, suggesting that TLR3 induction of these genes may impact excitatory transmission in IC and Acb. TLR3 activation also increased EtOH self-administration 18 days postinjection and enhanced the effects of the mGluR2/3 agonist LY379268 to reduce EtOH self-administration following poly(I:C). CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings suggest lasting consequences of TLR3 activation on gene expression including increases in Group II mGluRs in the Acb. Furthermore, we show an important role for TLR3 signaling in EtOH intake, and a functional involvement of Group II mGluRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Randall
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ryan P Vetreno
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Viren H Makhijani
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Fulton T Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joyce Besheer
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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18
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The murine hepatic sequelae of long-term ethanol consumption are sex-specific and exacerbated by Aldh1b1 loss. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 105:63-70. [PMID: 29859945 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Ethanol sensitizes hepatocytes for TGF-β-triggered apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:51. [PMID: 29352207 PMCID: PMC5833779 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is a global health problem causing a substantial fraction of chronic liver diseases. Abundant TGF-β—a potent pro-fibrogenic cytokine—leads to disease progression. Our aim was to elucidate the crosstalk of TGF-β and alcohol on hepatocytes. Primary murine hepatocytes were challenged with ethanol and TGF-β and cell fate was determined. Fluidigm RNA analyses revealed transcriptional effects that regulate survival and apoptosis. Mechanistic insights were derived from enzyme/pathway inhibition experiments and modulation of oxidative stress levels. To substantiate findings, animal model specimens and human liver tissue cultures were investigated. Results: On its own, ethanol had no effect on hepatocyte apoptosis, whereas TGF-β increased cell death. Combined treatment led to massive hepatocyte apoptosis, which could also be recapitulated in human HCC liver tissue treated ex vivo. Alcohol boosted the TGF-β pro-apoptotic gene signature. The underlying mechanism of pathway crosstalk involves SMAD and non-SMAD/AKT signaling. Blunting CYP2E1 and ADH activities did not prevent this effect, implying that it was not a consequence of alcohol metabolism. In line with this, the ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde did not mimic the effect and glutathione supplementation did not prevent the super-induction of cell death. In contrast, blocking GSK-3β activity, a downstream mediator of AKT signaling, rescued the strong apoptotic response triggered by ethanol and TGF-β. This study provides novel information on the crosstalk between ethanol and TGF-β. We give evidence that ethanol directly leads to a boost of TGF-β’s pro-apoptotic function in hepatocytes, which may have implications for patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease.
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20
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Guercio Nuzio S, Di Stasi M, Pierri L, Troisi J, Poeta M, Bisogno A, Belmonte F, Tripodi M, Di Salvio D, Massa G, Savastano R, Cavallo P, Boffardi M, Ziegenhardt D, Bergheim I, Mandato C, Vajro P. Multiple gut-liver axis abnormalities in children with obesity with and without hepatic involvement. Pediatr Obes 2017; 12:446-452. [PMID: 27350543 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut-liver axis (GLA) dysfunction appears to play a role in obesity and obesity-related hepatic complications. OBJECTIVES This study sought to concurrently explore several GLA components in a paediatric obese population with/without liver disease. METHODS Thirty-two children (mean age 11.2 years) were enrolled: nine controls with normal weight and 23 patients with obesity (OB+). Of the 23 patients OB(+), 12 had not steatosis (ST-), and 11 had steatosis (ST+) (associated [n = 8] or not [n = 3] with hypertransaminasaemia [ALT +/-]). Subjects were characterized by using auxologic, ultrasonographic and laboratory parameters. A glucose hydrogen breath test was performed to test for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, a urinary lactulose/mannitol ratio (LMR) was obtained to assess intestinal permeability, and tests for transaminases, blood endogenous ethanol, endotoxin and faecal calprotectin were also conducted. RESULTS Eleven out of 23 patients OB(+) (p < 0.05) exhibited pathological (>90th percentile of the control group values) LMR, with values paralleling the grade of liver involvement (normal weight < OB[+] < OB[+]ST[+]ALT[-] < OB[+)]ST[+]ALT[+] [p < 0.05]). LMR significantly correlated with ethanolaemia (r = 0.38, p = 0.05) and endotoxaemia (r = 0.48, p = 0.015) concentrations. Increased permeability was a risk factor for the development of steatosis (p < 0.002). SIBO was present only in patients with obesity. Faecal calprotectin concentrations were within normal limits in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS Increased permeability, endogenous ethanol and systemic endotoxin concentrations reflect some GLA dysfunction in obesity and its hepatic complications. Pending further results to establish their potential causative roles, the modulation of the GLA appears to represent a possible target for the prevention and treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guercio Nuzio
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - M Di Stasi
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - L Pierri
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - J Troisi
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Laboratory of Metabolomics Theoreo, Pugliano, Italy
| | - M Poeta
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - A Bisogno
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - F Belmonte
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - M Tripodi
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - D Di Salvio
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - G Massa
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - R Savastano
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - P Cavallo
- Department of Physics, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - M Boffardi
- Laboratory, Section of Cava dei Tirreni, AOU Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - D Ziegenhardt
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - I Bergheim
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - C Mandato
- Department of Pediatrics, AORN Santobono - Pausilipon, Naples, Italy
| | - P Vajro
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,European Laboratory for Food Induced Intestinal Disease (ELFID), Naples, Italy.,8 AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
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21
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Hege M, Jung F, Sellmann C, Jin C, Ziegenhardt D, Hellerbrand C, Bergheim I. An iso-α-acid-rich extract from hops (Humulus lupulus) attenuates acute alcohol-induced liver steatosis in mice. Nutrition 2017; 45:68-75. [PMID: 29129239 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Results of in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that consumption of beer is less harmful for the liver than consumption of spirits. It also has been suggested that secondary plant compounds derived from hops such as xanthohumol or iso-α-acids may have beneficial effects on the development of liver diseases of various etiologies. The aim of this study was to determine whether iso-α-acids consumed in doses achieved by "normal" beer consumption have beneficial effects on health. METHODS Female C57 Bl/6 J mice, pretreated for 4 d with an iso-α-acid-rich extract (∼30% iso-α-acids from hops, 0.75 mg/kg body weight), were fed one bolus of ethanol (6 g/kg body weight intragastric) or an iso-caloric maltodextrin solution. Markers of liver damage, toll-like receptor-4 signaling, and lipid peroxidation were determined. Furthermore, the effect of isohumulone on the lipopolysaccharide-dependent activation of J774 A.1 macrophages, used as a model of Kupffer cells, was determined. RESULTS In the liver, acute ethanol administration led to a significant accumulation of fat (∼10-fold), which was accompanied by significantly higher inducible nitric oxide synthase protein level, elevated nitric oxide production, and increased plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 protein concentration when compared to controls. In mice pretreated with iso-α-acids, these effects of alcohol were markedly attenuated. Pretreatment of J774 A.1 macrophages with isohumulone significantly attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin-6 as well as the release of nitric oxide. CONCLUSION Taken together, iso-α-acids markedly attenuated the development of acute alcohol-induced damage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Hege
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Finn Jung
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cathrin Sellmann
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Chengjun Jin
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Doreen Ziegenhardt
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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22
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Lin CP, Chuang WC, Lu FJ, Chen CY. Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of hydrogen-rich water alleviate ethanol-induced fatty liver in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4920-4934. [PMID: 28785146 PMCID: PMC5526762 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i27.4920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) treatment on prevention of ethanol (EtOH)-induced early fatty liver in mice.
METHODS In vitro reduction of hydrogen peroxide by HRW was determined with a chemiluminescence system. Female mice were randomly divided into five groups: control, EtOH, EtOH + silymarin, EtOH + HRW and EtOH + silymarin + HRW. Each group was fed a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing EtOH or isocaloric maltose dextrin (control diet). Silymarin was used as a positive control to compare HRW efficacy against chronic EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity. HRW was freshly prepared and given at a dosage of 1.2 mL/mouse trice daily. Blood and liver tissue were collected after chronic-binge liquid-diet feeding for 12 wk.
RESULTS The in vitro study showed that HRW directly scavenged hydrogen peroxide. The in vivo study showed that HRW increased expression of acyl ghrelin, which was correlated with food intake. HRW treatment significantly reduced EtOH-induced increases in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglycerol and total cholesterol levels, hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6. HRW attenuated malondialdehyde level, restored glutathione depletion and increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in the liver. Moreover, HRW reduced TNF-α and IL-6 levels but increased IL-10 and IL-22 levels.
CONCLUSION HRW protects against chronic EtOH-induced liver injury, possibly by inducing acyl ghrelin to suppress the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and induce IL-10 and IL-22, thus activating antioxidant enzymes against oxidative stress.
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23
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Vatsalya V, Song M, Schwandt ML, Cave MC, Barve SS, George DT, Ramchandani VA, McClain CJ. Effects of Sex, Drinking History, and Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids Dysregulation on the Onset of Liver Injury in Very Heavy Drinking Alcohol-Dependent Patients. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:2085-2093. [PMID: 27589090 PMCID: PMC5367046 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy alcohol consumption frequently causes liver inflammation/injury, and certain fatty acids (FAs) may be involved in this liver pathology. In this study, we evaluated the association of heavy drinking and the changes in the FA levels involved in the ω-6 (pro-inflammatory) and ω-3 (anti-inflammatory) state in alcohol-dependent (AD) patients who had no clinical manifestations of liver injury. We aimed to identify sex-based differences in patients with mild or no biochemical evidence of liver injury induced by heavy drinking. METHODS A total of 114 heavy drinking AD female and male patients aged 21 to 65 years without clinical manifestations of liver injury, who were admitted to an alcohol dependence treatment program, were grouped by the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels: ≤40 IU/l, as no liver injury (GR.1), and >40 IU/l, as mild liver injury (GR.2). Patients were actively drinking until the day of admission. Comprehensive metabolic panel, comprehensive FA panel, and drinking history data were evaluated. RESULTS Elevated ALT and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) showed close association with markers of heavy alcohol intake. In the patients with mild biochemical liver injury (GR.2), females showed significantly higher AST level than males. Significant association of AST and total drinks in past 90 days (TD90) in females, and AST and heavy drinking days in past 90 days (HDD90) in males was observed. The ω-6:ω-3 ratio showed a significant pro-inflammatory response only in females with mild liver injury (GR.2) when adjusted by drinking history marker, TD90. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were increased in males with liver injury, while females did not show any comparable rise in EPA; and DHA levels were lower. CONCLUSIONS Measures of heavy drinking, TD90 and HDD90, predicted changes in liver injury. Changes in the ω-3 and ω-6 FA levels and the ω-6:ω-3 ratio showed a pro-inflammatory shift in patients with biochemical liver injury with a significant effect in females. Changes in FAs involved in the inflammatory state may represent one mechanism for liver inflammation/injury in response to heavy alcohol drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatsalya Vatsalya
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky.
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Ming Song
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Melanie L Schwandt
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Shirish S Barve
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - David T George
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Craig J McClain
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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Landmann M, Sellmann C, Engstler AJ, Ziegenhardt D, Jung F, Brombach C, Bergheim I. Hops (Humulus lupulus) Content in Beer Modulates Effects of Beer on the Liver After Acute Ingestion in Female Mice. Alcohol Alcohol 2016; 52:48-55. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agw060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Sexually Dimorphic Expression of eGFP Transgene in the Akr1A1 Locus of Mouse Liver Regulated by Sex Hormone-Related Epigenetic Remodeling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24023. [PMID: 27087367 PMCID: PMC4834580 DOI: 10.1038/srep24023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually dimorphic gene expression is commonly found in the liver, and many of these genes are linked to different incidences of liver diseases between sexes. However, the mechanism of sexually dimorphic expression is still not fully understood. In this study, a pCAG-eGFP transgenic mouse strain with a specific transgene integration site in the Akr1A1 locus presented male-biased EGFP expression in the liver, and the expression was activated by testosterone during puberty. The integration of the pCAG-eGFP transgene altered the epigenetic regulation of the adjacent chromatin, including increased binding of STAT5b, a sexually dimorphic expression regulator, and the transformation of DNA methylation from hypermethylation into male-biased hypomethylation. Through this de novo sexually dimorphic expression of the transgene, the Akr1A1eGFP mouse provides a useful model to study the mechanisms and the dynamic changes of sexually dimorphic gene expression during either development or pathogenesis of the liver.
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Spruiell K, Gyamfi AA, Yeyeodu ST, Richardson RM, Gonzalez FJ, Gyamfi MA. Pregnane X Receptor-Humanized Mice Recapitulate Gender Differences in Ethanol Metabolism but Not Hepatotoxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 354:459-70. [PMID: 26159875 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.224295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both human and rodent females are more susceptible to developing alcoholic liver disease following chronic ethanol (EtOH) ingestion. However, little is known about the relative effects of acute EtOH exposure on hepatotoxicity in female versus male mice. The nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2) is a broad-specificity sensor with species-specific responses to toxic agents. To examine the effects of the human PXR on acute EtOH toxicity, the responses of male and female PXR-humanized (hPXR) transgenic mice administered oral binge EtOH (4.5 g/kg) were analyzed. Basal differences were observed between hPXR males and females in which females expressed higher levels of two principal enzymes responsible for EtOH metabolism, alcohol dehydrogenase 1 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, and two key mediators of hepatocyte replication and repair, cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. EtOH ingestion upregulated hepatic estrogen receptor α, cyclin D1, and CYP2E1 in both genders, but differentially altered lipid and EtOH metabolism. Consistent with higher basal levels of EtOH-metabolizing enzymes, blood EtOH was more rapidly cleared in hPXR females. These factors combined to provide greater protection against EtOH-induced liver injury in female hPXR mice, as revealed by markers for liver damage, lipid peroxidation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. These results indicate that female hPXR mice are less susceptible to acute binge EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity than their male counterparts, due at least in part to the relative suppression of cellular stress and enhanced expression of enzymes involved in both EtOH metabolism and hepatocyte proliferation and repair in hPXR females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisstonia Spruiell
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina (K.S., A.A.G., S.T.Y., R.M.R., M.A.G.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Afua A Gyamfi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina (K.S., A.A.G., S.T.Y., R.M.R., M.A.G.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Susan T Yeyeodu
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina (K.S., A.A.G., S.T.Y., R.M.R., M.A.G.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Ricardo M Richardson
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina (K.S., A.A.G., S.T.Y., R.M.R., M.A.G.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina (K.S., A.A.G., S.T.Y., R.M.R., M.A.G.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Maxwell A Gyamfi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina (K.S., A.A.G., S.T.Y., R.M.R., M.A.G.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
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Landmann M, Wagnerberger S, Kanuri G, Ziegenhardt D, Bergheim I. Beer Is Less Harmful for the Liver than Plain Ethanol: Studies in Male Mice Using a Binge-Drinking Model. Alcohol Alcohol 2015; 50:493-500. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Melatonin attenuates the TLR4-mediated inflammatory response through MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signaling pathways in an in vivo model of ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:34. [PMID: 25655081 PMCID: PMC4322437 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are effector molecules expressed on the surface of ovarian cancer (OC) cells, but the functions of the TLR2/TLR4 signaling pathways in these cells remain unclear. Melatonin (mel) acts as an anti-inflammatory factor and has been reported to modulate TLRs in some aggressive tumor cell types. Therefore, we investigated OC and the effect of long-term mel therapy on the signaling pathways mediated by TLR2 and TLR4 via myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and toll-like receptor-associated activator of interferon (TRIF) in an ethanol-preferring rat model. Methods To induce OC, the left ovary of animals either consuming 10% (v/v) ethanol or not was injected directly under the bursa with a single dose of 100 μg of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) dissolved in 10 μL of sesame oil. The right ovaries were used as sham-surgery controls. After developing OC, half of the animals received i.p. injections of mel (200 μg/100 g b.w./day) for 60 days. Results Although mel therapy was unable to reduce TLR2 levels, it was able to suppress the OC-associated increase in the levels of the following proteins: TLR4, MyD88, nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB p65), inhibitor of NFkB alpha (IkBα), IkB kinase alpha (IKK-α), TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), TRIF, interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), interferon β (IFN-β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6. In addition, mel significantly attenuated the expression of IkBα, NFkB p65, TRIF and IRF-3, which are involved in TLR4-mediated signaling in OC during ethanol intake. Conclusion Collectively, our results suggest that mel attenuates the TLR4-induced MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signaling pathways in ethanol-preferring rats with OC.
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Landmann M, Kanuri G, Spruss A, Stahl C, Bergheim I. Oral intake of chicoric acid reduces acute alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis in mice. Nutrition 2014; 30:882-9. [PMID: 24985007 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute and chronic consumption of alcohol can alter intestinal barrier function thereby increasing portal endotoxin levels subsequently leading to an activation of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-dependent signaling cascades, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and induction of tumor necrosis factor α in the liver. Recent studies suggest that chicoric acid found in Echinacea pupurea, chicory, and other plants, may possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the present study was to determine if chicoric acid can reduce acute alcohol-induced liver damage. METHODS Female mice were given chicoric acid orally (4 mg/kg body weight) for 4 d before acute ethanol administration (6 g/kg body weight). Furthermore, the effect of chicoric acid on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent activation in an in vitro model of Kupffer cells (RAW264.7 macrophages) was assessed. RESULTS Acute alcohol ingestion caused a significant increase in hepatic triacylglycerols accumulation, which was associated with increased protein levels of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts, and active plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 protein in the liver. Pretreatment of animals with chicoric acid significantly attenuated these effects of alcohol on the liver. In LPS-treated RAW264.7 macrophages, pretreatment with chicoric acid significantly suppressed LPS-induced mRNA expression of iNOS and tumor necrosis factor α. CONCLUSION These data suggest that chicoric acid may reduce acute alcohol-induced steatosis in mice through interfering with the induction of iNOS and iNOS-dependent signaling cascades in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Landmann
- SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Giridhar Kanuri
- SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Astrid Spruss
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carolin Stahl
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
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