1
|
Taylor N, Callinan S, Pennay A, Livingston M. Have the personality and socio-demographic profiles of Australian adolescent drinkers changed? Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:604-615. [PMID: 38111210 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent alcohol consumption has been declining across many countries, with rates of abstinence also increasing among younger cohorts. A range of socio-demographic variables and personality traits are associated with alcohol use; however, no study has examined whether the relationship between personality and drinking has changed over time as adolescent drinking has declined. METHODS Data from 15- to 17-year-old respondents were extracted from four waves (2004/2005, 2008/2009, 2012/2013, 2016/2017) of a long running Australian cohort study. Logistic regression analyses with interaction terms were used to determine whether personality traits (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability) and socio-demographic variables (age, gender, equivalised income, family structure, cultural background, school attendance and regionality) significantly differed between drinkers and abstainers and whether these relationships changed across cohorts. RESULTS The prevalence of drinking for 15- to 17-year-olds significantly declined over each survey wave from 54% in 2004/2005 to 24% in 2016/2017. Conscientiousness (odds ratio [OR] 0.82, confidence interval [CI] = 0.73, 0.93), extraversion ([OR] 1.25, [CI] = 1.11, 1.40) and emotional stability ([OR] 0.73, [CI] = 0.64, 0.83) were all significant predictors of alcohol consumption. No significant interactions between cohort and personality traits or socio-demographic variables were found. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The study found no evidence to indicate that the relationship between adolescent alcohol consumption and personality has changed. Similarly, socio-demographic relationships with drinking were stable as drinking prevalence dropped by more than half. This adds to the evidence that drinking declines among adolescents are spread broadly across the population and not concentrated within identifiable sub-groups of young people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Taylor
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Corre T, Barrense-Dias Y, Surís JC. The Growing Trend of Young People Abstaining from Drinking Alcohol: A Literature Review. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:77-84. [PMID: 36510814 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2148479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Youth alcohol use and misuse lead to adverse outcomes. However, the literature has not always associated complete abstinence with better health. Since recent literature indicates an increased proportion of young abstainers, the aim of this paper is to review the studies investigating this upward trend and the factors associated with it, such as socio-demographics, school performance, social life, physical and mental health, and parental influence. Methods: Different databases were searched and appropriated terms were used. Given that the trend has only emerged in recent years, the review was limited to papers published since 2000. A total of 970 papers were returned and 10 were retained for the present review. Results: All papers covered by the review acknowledge the existence of a new significant trend resulting in more young people in developed countries who are choosing to abstain completely from drinking alcohol. They are in good physical and mental health and perform better at school than their drinking peers. The quality of their social life, albeit slightly more limited than that of their drinking peers, appeared to be good. Conclusion: Young alcohol abstainers represent a group situated at the beginning of a continuum of alcohol consumption, they do well and are not very different from light drinkers. Alcohol abstinence at young age does not seem to have any downsides and should therefore be generally advised. To further promote such behavior, measures to encourage parental monitoring and more generous public expenditure on health services and family benefits should be encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Corre
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yara Barrense-Dias
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joan-Carles Surís
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The great decline in adolescent risk behaviours: Unitary trend, separate trends, or cascade? Soc Sci Med 2023; 317:115616. [PMID: 36563586 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In many high-income countries, the proportion of adolescents who smoke, drink, or engage in other risk behaviours has declined markedly over the past 25 years. We illustrate this behavioural shift by collating and presenting previously published data (1990-2019) on smoking, alcohol use, cannabis use, early sexual initiation and juvenile crime in Australia, England, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and the USA, also providing European averages where comparable data are available. Then we explore empirical evidence for and against hypothesised causes of these declines. Specifically, we explore whether the declines across risk behaviours can be considered 1) a 'unitary trend' caused by common underlying drivers; 2) separate trends with behaviour-specific causes; or 3) the result of a 'cascade' effect, with declines in one risk behaviour causing declines in others. We find the unitary trend hypothesis has theoretical and empirical support, and there is international evidence that decreasing unstructured face-to-face time with friends is a common underlying driver. Additionally, evidence suggests that behaviour-specific factors have played a role in the decline of tobacco smoking (e.g. decreasing adolescent approval of smoking, increasing strength of tobacco control policies) and drinking (e.g. more restrictive parental rules and attitudes toward adolescent drinking, decreasing ease of access to alcohol). Finally, declining tobacco and alcohol use may have suppressed adolescent cannabis use (and perhaps other risk behaviours), but evidence for such a cascade is equivocal. We conclude that the causal factors behind the great decline in adolescent risk behaviours are multiple. While broad contextual changes appear to have reduced the opportunities for risk behaviours in general, behaviour-specific factors have also played an important role in smoking and drinking declines, and 'knock-on' effect from these behavioural domains to others are possible. Many hypothesised explanations remain to be tested empirically.
Collapse
|
4
|
Vasiljevic Z, Svensson R, Shannon D. Trends in alcohol intoxication among native and immigrant youth in Sweden, 1999-2017: A comparison across family structure and parental employment status. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2021; 98:103397. [PMID: 34329951 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing a better understanding of drinking patterns across immigrant generations and how these change over time is important for the development of effective alcohol polices. This study investigates the direction and rate of change in youth alcohol intoxication over time, based on immigrant status, and by family structure and parental employment status. METHOD The study is based on eight nationally representative school surveys conducted by the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention between 1999 and 2017, with a combined sample of 50,657 adolescents. Group by time interactions were examined to compare rates of change of alcohol intoxication over time across immigrant generations. RESULTS The results show a decreasing trend in alcohol intoxication among both first and second generation immigrant youth, and also among immigrant youth across different family structures and parental employment statuses. The results also show that the decrease in alcohol intoxication over time is greater for youths born abroad and for youths with two immigrant parents than for native Swedes, and that the decrease over time is greater for youths from intact families than for native Swedish youths from non-intact families and youths with one immigrant parent. CONCLUSION Native and first- and second-generation immigrant youth may differ substantially from one another in many ways, and may therefore manifest different patterns of drinking behaviours. From a policy and prevention perspective, the data in this study imply that native youths and youths with one immigrant parent should be a central target group for alcohol prevention policy in Sweden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Vasiljevic
- Department of Criminology, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Robert Svensson
- Department of Criminology, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - David Shannon
- Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vashishtha R, Pennay A, Dietze P, Marzan MB, Room R, Livingston M. Trends in adolescent drinking across 39 high-income countries: exploring the timing and magnitude of decline. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:424-431. [PMID: 33188681 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests adolescent alcohol consumption has declined since the turn of the millennium in almost all high-income countries. However, differences in the timing and magnitude of the decline have not been explored across countries. METHODS We examined trends in adolescent past month or monthly alcohol consumption prevalence from cross-national or national survey reports for 39 countries and four US territories. For each country, we calculated the magnitude of the decline in youth drinking as the relative change in prevalence from the peak year to the most recent year available. Heat maps were utilized to present the timing and magnitudes of these declines. RESULTS The timing and extent of youth drinking declines have varied markedly across countries. The decline began in the USA before 1999, followed by Northern European countries in the early 2000s; Western Europe and Australasia in the mid-2000s. The steepest declines were found for Northern Europe and the UK, and the shallowest declines were observed in Eastern and Southern European countries. CONCLUSIONS Previous analyses of the decline in adolescent drinking have emphasized the wide reach of the changes and their near-coincidence in time. Our analysis points to the other side of the picture that there were limits to the wide reach, and that there was considerable variation in timing. These findings suggest that as well as broader explanations that stretch across countries, efforts to explain recent trends in adolescent drinking should also consider factors specific to countries and regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Vashishtha
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Dietze
- Behaviours and Health Risks Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melvin Barrientos Marzan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hoffmann SH, Pisinger VSC, Norredam M, Tolstrup JS, Thygesen LC. Does Class Proportion of Students with Non-Western Origin in High Schools Affect Drinking Habits Among Ethnic Danish Students? Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:443-450. [PMID: 32734284 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM the objective was to test the hypothesis that a higher proportion of students with non-Western origin in high school classes is associated with lower and less frequent alcohol consumption among ethnic Danish students. METHOD data on country of origin was obtained from the Danish Civil Registration System, while information on drinking habits were derived from the Danish National Youth Study 2014. Multilevel zero-inflated binominal regression was used to assess the association between class proportion of students with non-Western origin and odds of non-drinking and mean weekly alcohol consumption, while multilevel logistic regression was used to assess the association with frequent binge drinking. RESULTS a higher proportion of students with non-Western origin in class was associated with higher odds of non-drinking among ethnic Danish student in the same class. For example, ethnic Danish boys in classes with more than 15% of the students of non-Western origin had 77% higher odds of being non-drinkers, compared to ethnic Danish boys in classes where 0-5% had non-Western origin (OR: 1.77, 95% CI; 1.42-2.20). Among ethnic Danish students that did consume alcohol, class proportion of students with non-Western origin was not associated with weekly alcohol consumption, while a higher proportion of students with non-Western origin in class was associated with lower odds of frequent binge drinking. CONCLUSION the downward drinking trend among adolescents in Western countries may be partly explained by the higher proportion of youth with non-Western origin, influencing the prevalence of drinking and frequency of binge drinking among adolescents in the ethnic majority population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie H Hoffmann
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, DK-1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Veronica S C Pisinger
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, DK-1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Marie Norredam
- Danish Research Centre for Migration, Ethnicity and Health, Section of Health Services Research, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Janne S Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, DK-1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Lau C Thygesen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, DK-1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gustafsson NK, Rydgren J, Rostila M, Miething A. Social network characteristics and alcohol use by ethnic origin: An ego-based network study on peer similarity, social relationships, and co-existing drinking habits among young Swedes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249120. [PMID: 33831040 PMCID: PMC8031442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study explores how social network determinants relate to the prevalence and frequency of alcohol use among peer dyads. It is studied how similar alcohol habits co-exist among persons (egos) and their peers (alters) when socio-demographic similarity (e.g., in ethnic origin), network composition and other socio-cultural aspects were considered. Data was ego-based responses derived from a Swedish national survey with a cohort of 23-year olds. The analytical sample included 7987 ego-alter pairs, which corresponds to 2071 individuals (egos). A so-called dyadic design was applied i.e., all components of the analysis refer to ego-alter pairs (dyads). Multilevel multinomial-models were used to analyse similarity in alcohol habits in relation to ego-alter similarity in ethnic background, religious beliefs, age, sex, risk-taking, educational level, closure in network, duration, and type of relationship, as well as interactions between ethnicity and central network characteristics. Ego-alter similarity in terms of ethnic origin, age and sex was associated with ego-alter similarity in alcohol use. That both ego and alters were non-religious and were members of closed networks also had an impact on similarity in alcohol habits. It was concluded that network similarity might be an explanation for the co-existence of alcohol use among members of peer networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina-Katri Gustafsson
- CHESS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Rydgren
- Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rostila
- CHESS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Miething
- CHESS, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim Y, Evans BE, Hagquist C. Towards explaining time trends in adolescents' alcohol use: a multilevel analysis of Swedish data from 1988 to 2011. Eur J Public Health 2020; 29:729-735. [PMID: 30859200 PMCID: PMC6660113 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use has decreased among Swedish adolescents in the past few decades. We examined peer and parent factors (i.e. time spent with peers, time spent with parents and parental monitoring) that could contribute to explaining this trend by investigating their main effects and interaction effects with investigation years on alcohol use. We furthermore examined whether municipality-level socioeconomic conditions could contribute to explaining the trend. METHODS We used data from a repeated cross-sectional study that took place eight times between 1988 and 2011. The study targeted all ninth grade students (15-16 years old) in Värmland County, Sweden. Adolescents (N = 22 257) reported their monthly alcohol use, time spent with peers and parents and parental monitoring. Municipality-level socioeconomic conditions were based on parent education levels. RESULTS Logistic multilevel regression analyses showed that peer and parent factors and municipality-level socioeconomic conditions were associated with alcohol use among adolescents. The interaction effects between peer and parent factors and investigation years were not significant. The decreased trend in time spent with peers was associated with the decreased trend in frequency of alcohol use over time. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the current study provide an indication that the decreased trend in alcohol use that has been observed in Swedish adolescents over the past few decades may be related to changes in adolescents' social interactions with peers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhwan Kim
- Centre for Research on Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Brittany E Evans
- Centre for Research on Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Curt Hagquist
- Centre for Research on Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Effects of Alcohol Hangover on Mood and Performance Assessed at Home. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041068. [PMID: 32283738 PMCID: PMC7231019 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study evaluated the next day consequences of a social night of drinking compared to a no alcohol night, with standardised mood and portable screen-based performance measures assessed in the morning at participants’ homes, and a breathalyser screen for zero alcohol. A mixed sex group (n = 20) took part in the study. Participants reported consuming on average 16.9 units (135 g) alcohol, resulting in a hangover rating of 60 (out of 100) compared to 0.3 following the no alcohol night. Statistical significance comparisons contrasting the hangover with the no alcohol condition revealed an increase in negative mood and irritability during hangover and an (unexpected) increase in risk and thrill seeking. Performance scores showed an overall slowing of responses across measures, but with less impact on errors. The results support the description of hangover as a general state of cognitive impairment, reflected in slower responses and reduced accuracy across a variety of measures of cognitive function. This suggests a general level of impairment due to hangover, as well as increased negative mood. The use of a naturalistic design enabled the impact of more typical levels of alcohol associated with real life social consumption to be assessed, revealing wide ranging neurocognitive impairment with these higher doses. This study has successfully demonstrated the sensitivity of home-based assessment of the impact of alcohol hangover on a range of subjective and objective measures. The observed impairments, which may significantly impair daily activities such as driving a car or job performance, should be further investigated and taken into account by policy makers.
Collapse
|
10
|
Rogne AF, Pedersen W, Bakken A. Immigration and the decline in adolescent binge drinking. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 203:35-43. [PMID: 31401533 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent alcohol consumption has fallen in most Western countries over the past two decades, while immigrants and children of immigrants from low-consumption countries constitute a growing proportion of teenagers in many Western nations. We investigate the extent to which immigrants and children of immigrants have contributed to the decline in adolescent heavy episodic drinking in Oslo, the capital of Norway. METHODS We use repeated cross-sectional survey data on adolescents in grades 9-11 in Oslo (aged around 14-16, N = 54,474) from 1996 to 2018. We use data on heavy episodic drinking/intoxication in the past 12 months (dichotomized), immigrant background, sex and grade. We decompose the trend into components attributable to changes in the demographic composition of the adolescent population (by immigrant background, grade and sex), and to changes in drinking patterns within different groups. Confidence intervals (CIs) are obtained by bootstrap resampling. RESULTS The proportion of adolescents with immigrant backgrounds increased from 21% to 35% over the time span. The proportion reporting having been intoxicated fell from 42% to 25%. Most of the decline stems from reduced heavy episodic drinking in the majority population, accounting for 70.8% of the reduction (95% CI: 67.5-74.2). The increased proportion of adolescents with an immigrant background accounts for 21.4% of the decline (95% CI: 19.2-23.8). CONCLUSIONS An increasing proportion of immigrants and children of immigrants with low alcohol consumption explains one-fifth of the decline in the prevalence of adolescent heavy episodic drinking in Oslo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Farner Rogne
- Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, P.O. box 1096, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Willy Pedersen
- Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, P.O. box 1096, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Section for Youth Research, Norwegian Social Research, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anders Bakken
- Section for Youth Research, Norwegian Social Research, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Larm P, Raninen J, Åslund C, Svensson J, Nilsson KW. The increased trend of non-drinking alcohol among adolescents: what role do internet activities have? Eur J Public Health 2019; 29:27-32. [PMID: 30169631 PMCID: PMC6345141 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, an increased trend toward non-drinking among adolescents has been observed in several countries. The aim of the present study is to evaluate a common suggestion in literature, that adolescents do not drink alcohol because they spend more time on the internet, monitored at home, by examining associations between internet activities (social media/chatting and computer gaming) and non-drinking. Methods A health questionnaire was distributed to all 9th graders (15-16 years) in a mid-sized Swedish county in 2008, 2010 and 2012. In total, 7089 students returned the questionnaire. Results In contrast to the suggestion, no association was found between total time spent on computers and non-drinking. Social media/chatting was robustly associated with a decreased probability of non-drinking across the three survey years. On the other hand, computer gaming during weekends only (OR = 1.74, CI = 1.13-2.69) or both on weekdays and weekends increased the probability of non-drinking (OR = 1.82, CI = 1.31-2.54) in 2012 only. However, neither social media/chatting nor computer gaming was associated with the increased trend of non-drinking from 2008 to 2012. Conclusions Internet activities were in general not associated with non-drinking among adolescents aged 15-16 years in Sweden. Although, a weak positive association between computer gaming and non-drinking was found in 2012, this effect benefited the vast majority of the boys. The larger alcohol use among those with extensive social media use/chatting may indicate that these online platforms are arenas where adolescents are exposed for positive alcohol preferences and alcohol advertising without parental supervision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Larm
- Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Analysis and Method, The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jonas Raninen
- Department of Analysis and Method, The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Åslund
- Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Department of Analysis and Method, The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Kent W Nilsson
- Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Carlson P. Declining alcohol consumption among adolescents and schools in Stockholm, 2010-2016. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2019; 36:344-356. [PMID: 32934572 PMCID: PMC7434179 DOI: 10.1177/1455072519835710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The principle aim of this study was to investigate changes in alcohol consumption among adolescents in Stockholm from 2010 to 2016. A further aim was to investigate whether there are divergent or similar trends in alcohol consumption among elementary schools in Stockholm from 2010 to 2016 and, if there are diverging trends, to examine how the differences might be explained. Methods: Data were analysed using multilevel mixed effects linear regression, in which individual students represented one level and schools the second level. Data: Student-level data were derived from the Stockholm School Survey for the years 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016 (n = 15481). School-level data (n = 132) were derived from registries of the Swedish National Agency for Education. Results: The results showed that there was an almost 45% decline in total alcohol consumption among ninth-grade students in Stockholm between 2010 and 2016. The decline was similar among all analysed consumption groups. Two factors were found to statistically explain some of the general decline: more restrictive parental attitudes towards alcohol and, more importantly, decreasing alcohol consumption among the students’ peers. The downward trends among schools between 2010 and 2016 were universal but not identical, but when parental attitudes towards alcohol and peers’ alcohol behaviour were controlled for, the diverging school trends in alcohol consumption were considerably more equal. Conclusions: School constitutes a social context for the student of which both parents and peers are important parts, and the diverging changes may be due to the norms and behaviours, influenced by parents and peers, characterising these schools.
Collapse
|
13
|
Pape H, Rossow I, Brunborg GS. Adolescents drink less: How, who and why? A review of the recent research literature. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37 Suppl 1:S98-S114. [PMID: 29573020 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
ISSUES Today's teenagers have been described as a sober generation and we asked: 'What is known about the recent decline in youth drinking?' APPROACH A literature review (2005-2017). KEY FINDINGS Research from wealthier parts of the world provides solid evidence of less alcohol use by youth since the millennium shift. Some studies show that this is reflected at all levels of consumption, but there are also indications that the heaviest drinkers have not reduced their drinking. The decrease is predominately seen in underage youth, and has been larger for boys than for girls in several countries. Teenagers across social strata drink less, but some disadvantaged subgroups have not followed the downward trend. Underage drinkers have apparently not become a more deviant group as the prevalence of drinking has dropped, indicating no hardening of the group. The major gap in the literature pertains to the issue of underlying driving forces. We found no evidence in support of the widespread assumption that the digital revolution has been of importance. A decline in parenting practices that are conductive to underage drinking has occurred in several countries, but studies examining whether these changes have contributed to less alcohol use by youth are almost non-existent. IMPLICATIONS To inform alcohol policy and prevention, it is imperative to find out why teenage drinking has decreased in a fairly consistent way across numerous countries. CONCLUSION Future research into the issue of falling prevalence rates of youth drinking should focus on possible explanatory factors at the population level rather than at the individual level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Pape
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,The Research Department, University College of Norwegian Prison Service, Lillestrøm, Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Larm P, Livingston M, Svensson J, Leifman H, Raninen J. The increased trend of non-drinking in adolescence: The role of parental monitoring and attitudes toward offspring drinking. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37 Suppl 1:S34-S41. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Larm
- The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN); Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare; Mälardalen University; Västerås Sweden
| | - Michael Livingston
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University; Melbourne Australia
| | - Johan Svensson
- The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN); Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Håkan Leifman
- The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN); Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jonas Raninen
- The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN); Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Raninen J, Livingston M, Karlsson P, Leifman H, Guttormsson U, Svensson J, Larm P. One explanation to rule them all? Identifying sub-groups of non-drinking Swedish ninth graders. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37 Suppl 1:S42-S48. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Raninen
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN); Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Michael Livingston
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research; La Trobe University; Melbourne Australia
| | - Patrik Karlsson
- Department of Social Work; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Håkan Leifman
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN); Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ulf Guttormsson
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN); Stockholm Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN); Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Peter Larm
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN); Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare; Mälardalen University; Västerås Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Conroy D, de Visser RO. Benefits and drawbacks of social non-drinking identified by British university students. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017; 37 Suppl 1:S89-S97. [PMID: 28940414 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Promoting the benefits of not drinking alcohol during social occasions where other peers may be drinking ('social non-drinking') may support more moderate drinking among young people. We analysed free-text responses from university students to gauge the frequency/focus of identified benefits of, and drawbacks to, social non-drinking. We also assessed whether/how identified benefits and drawbacks were associated with recent drinking behaviour and psychological correlates of harmful drinking. DESIGN AND METHODS Secondary data analyses were conducted on 511 free-text responses provided by students participating in a health intervention. Template analysis was used to identify potential benefits of social non-drinking. Links between responses relating to social non-drinking and behavioural/psychological measures were assessed. RESULTS 46.2% of female students and 42.0% of male students had engaged in social non-drinking in the previous week. Overarching benefits of social non-drinking included: improved physical and psychological health; increased self-esteem/agency; a higher quality social life and having a more stable/productive life. Hostility/ambivalence to social non-drinking was evident in 26.6% of responses. Among women only, endorsing higher self-esteem and agency as a benefit of social non-drinking was associated with increased intention to heed government drinking recommendations (β = 0.10, P = 0.036). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Focus on social non-drinking may help encourage more moderate drinking among young people by articulating positives of social non-drinking while raising awareness of a changing normative context in which non-drinking is increasingly more common among young people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Conroy
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Larm P, Åslund C, Nilsson KW. The role of online social network chatting for alcohol use in adolescence: Testing three peer-related pathways in a Swedish population-based sample. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
18
|
Bloomfield K, Karlsson T, Grittner U. How do drinking cultures change? – or do they?: A provisional model based on evidence of transitions in Denmark. DRUGS: EDUCATION, PREVENTION AND POLICY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2016.1179719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|