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Smith TJ, Cavida D, Hsu K, Kim S, Fu Q, Barbesino G, Wester ST, Holt RJ, Bhattacharya RK. Glycemic Trends in Patients with Thyroid Eye Disease Treated with Teprotumumab in 3 Clinical Trials. Ophthalmology 2024; 131:815-826. [PMID: 38253291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Assess incidence, severity, and glucose excursion outcomes in thyroid eye disease (TED) patients receiving the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor inhibitor teprotumumab from 3 clinical trials. DESIGN Analysis of pooled glycemic data over time. PARTICIPANTS Eighty-four teprotumumab- and 86 placebo-treated active TED patients from the phase 2 and phase 3 (OPTIC) controlled clinical trials and 51 teprotumumab-treated patients from the OPTIC extension (OPTIC-X) trial. METHODS Eight intravenous infusions were given over 21 weeks. Phase 2 serum glucose was measured at weeks 1, 4, 15, and 21, with fasting measurements at weeks 1 and 4. Serum glucose was measured at each study visit in OPTIC and OPTIC-X, with fasting measurements at weeks 1 and 4 (in patients without diabetes) or all visits (in patients with diabetes). In all studies, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured at baseline, 12, and 24 weeks plus weeks 36 and 48 in OPTIC-X. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum glucose and HbA1c. RESULTS In the phase 2 and 3 studies, 9 hyperglycemic episodes occurred in 8 teprotumumab patients; mean HbA1c level increased 0.22% from baseline to week 24 (to 5.8%; range, 5.0%-7.9%) versus 0.04% in patients receiving the placebo (to 5.6%; range, 4.6%-8.1%). At study end, 78% (59/76) of teprotumumab patients and 87% (67/77) of patients receiving placebo had normoglycemic findings. Normoglycemia was maintained in 84% (57/68) of patients receiving teprotumumab and 93% (64/69) of patients receiving placebo. Among baseline prediabetic patients, 43% (3/7) remained prediabetic in both groups, and 29% (2/7) of teprotumumab patients and 14% (1/7) of patients receiving placebo had diabetic findings at week 24. OPTIC-X patients trended toward increased fasting glucose and HbA1c whether initially treated or retreated with teprotumumab. Fasting glucose commonly rose after 2 or 3 infusions and stabilized thereafter. Most hyperglycemic incidents occurred in patients with baseline prediabetes/diabetes but were controlled with medication. No evidence was found for progression or increased incidence of hyperglycemia with subsequent doses. CONCLUSIONS Serious glycemic excursions are uncommon in patients with normoglycemia before teprotumumab therapy. Patients with controlled diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance can be treated safely if baseline screening, regular monitoring of glycemic control, and timely treatment of hyperglycemia are practiced. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry J Smith
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Department of Internal Medicine-Michigan Medicine and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | | | - Kate Hsu
- Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Sun Kim
- Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California
| | | | | | - Sara Tullis Wester
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Galal MA, Alouch SS, Alsultan BS, Dahman H, Alyabis NA, Alammar SA, Aljada A. Insulin Receptor Isoforms and Insulin Growth Factor-like Receptors: Implications in Cell Signaling, Carcinogenesis, and Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15006. [PMID: 37834454 PMCID: PMC10573852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review thoroughly explores the intricate involvement of insulin receptor (IR) isoforms and insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGFRs) in the context of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling (IIS) pathway. This elaborate system encompasses ligands, receptors, and binding proteins, giving rise to a wide array of functions, including aspects such as carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Detailed genetic analysis of IR and IGFR structures highlights their distinct isoforms, which arise from alternative splicing and exhibit diverse affinities for ligands. Notably, the overexpression of the IR-A isoform is linked to cancer stemness, tumor development, and resistance to targeted therapies. Similarly, elevated IGFR expression accelerates tumor progression and fosters chemoresistance. The review underscores the intricate interplay between IRs and IGFRs, contributing to resistance against anti-IGFR drugs. Consequently, the dual targeting of both receptors could present a more effective strategy for surmounting chemoresistance. To conclude, this review brings to light the pivotal roles played by IRs and IGFRs in cellular signaling, carcinogenesis, and therapy resistance. By precisely modulating these receptors and their complex signaling pathways, the potential emerges for developing enhanced anti-cancer interventions, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ahmed Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Samhar Samer Alouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Buthainah Saad Alsultan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Dahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Abdullah Alyabis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Ammar Alammar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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Vicente-Ruiz S, Armiñán A, Maso K, Gallon E, Zagorodko O, Movellan J, Rodríguez-Otormín F, Baues M, May JN, De Lorenzi F, Lammers T, Vicent MJ. Poly-l-glutamic acid modification modulates the bio-nano interface of a therapeutic anti-IGF-1R antibody in prostate cancer. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122280. [PMID: 37598440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Modifying biological agents with polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) has demonstrated clinical benefits; however, post-market surveillance of PEGylated derivatives has revealed PEG-associated toxicity issues, prompting the search for alternatives. We explore how conjugating a poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA) to an anti-insulin growth factor 1 receptor antibody (AVE1642) modulates the bio-nano interface and anti-tumor activity in preclinical prostate cancer models. Native and PGA-modified AVE1642 display similar anti-tumor activity in vitro; however, AVE1642 prompts IGF-1R internalization while PGA conjugation prompts higher affinity IGF-1R binding, thereby inhibiting IGF-1R internalization and altering cell trafficking. AVE1642 attenuates phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling, while PGA-AVE1642 inhibits phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. PGA conjugation also enhances AVE1642's anti-tumor activity in an orthotopic prostate cancer mouse model, while PGA-AVE1642 induces more significant suppression of cancer cell proliferation/angiogenesis than AVE1642. These findings demonstrate that PGA conjugation modulates an antibody's bio-nano interface, mechanism of action, and therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Vicente-Ruiz
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Armiñán
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Katia Maso
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Gallon
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oleksandr Zagorodko
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julie Movellan
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain; Current address: CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Gipuzkoa, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Maike Baues
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Jan-Niklas May
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Federica De Lorenzi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - María J Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Prince Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Vacchelli E, Aranda F, Eggermont A, Galon J, Sautès-Fridman C, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2021; 3:e27048. [PMID: 24605265 PMCID: PMC3937194 DOI: 10.4161/onci.27048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1997, for the first time in history, a monoclonal antibody (mAb), i.e., the chimeric anti-CD20 molecule rituximab, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in cancer patients. Since then, the panel of mAbs that are approved by international regulatory agencies for the treatment of hematopoietic and solid malignancies has not stopped to expand, nowadays encompassing a stunning amount of 15 distinct molecules. This therapeutic armamentarium includes mAbs that target tumor-associated antigens, as well as molecules that interfere with tumor-stroma interactions or exert direct immunostimulatory effects. These three classes of mAbs exert antineoplastic activity via distinct mechanisms, which may or may not involve immune effectors other than the mAbs themselves. In previous issues of OncoImmunology, we provided a brief scientific background to the use of mAbs, all types confounded, in cancer therapy, and discussed the results of recent clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of this approach. Here, we focus on mAbs that primarily target malignant cells or their interactions with stromal components, as opposed to mAbs that mediate antineoplastic effects by activating the immune system. In particular, we discuss relevant clinical findings that have been published during the last 13 months as well as clinical trials that have been launched in the same period to investigate the therapeutic profile of hitherto investigational tumor-targeting mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Paris, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | | | - Jérôme Galon
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; INSERM, U872; Paris, France ; Equipe 15, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; INSERM, U872; Paris, France ; Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015; CICBT507; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
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Systematic analysis of breast atypical hyperplasia-associated hub genes and pathways based on text mining. Eur J Cancer Prev 2020; 28:507-514. [PMID: 30394935 PMCID: PMC6784767 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe breast atypical hyperplasia (BAH)-related gene expression and to systematically analyze the functions, pathways, and networks of BAH-related hub genes. On the basis of natural language processing, gene data for BAH were extracted from the PubMed database using text mining. The enriched Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were obtained using DAVID (http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov/). A protein–protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database. Hub genes were identified as genes that interact with at least 10 other genes within the BAH-related gene network. In total, 138 BAH-associated genes were identified as significant (P < 0.05), and 133 pathways were identified as significant (P < 0.05, false discovery rate < 0.05). A BAH-related protein network that included 81 interactions was constructed. Twenty genes were determined to interact with at least 10 others (P < 0.05, false discovery rate < 0.05) and were identified as the BAH-related hub genes of this protein–protein interaction network. These 20 genes are TP53, PIK3CA, JUN, MYC, EGFR, CCND1, AKT1, ERBB2, CTNN1B, ESR1, IGF-1, VEGFA, HRAS, CDKN1B, CDKN1A, PCNA, HGF, HIF1A, RB1, and STAT5A. This study may help to disclose the molecular mechanisms of BAH development and provide implications for BAH-targeted therapy or even breast cancer prevention. Nevertheless, connections between certain genes and BAH require further exploration.
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Fattahi N, Shahbazi MA, Maleki A, Hamidi M, Ramazani A, Santos HA. Emerging insights on drug delivery by fatty acid mediated synthesis of lipophilic prodrugs as novel nanomedicines. J Control Release 2020; 326:556-598. [PMID: 32726650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many drug molecules that are currently in the market suffer from short half-life, poor absorption, low specificity, rapid degradation, and resistance development. The design and development of lipophilic prodrugs can provide numerous benefits to overcome these challenges. Fatty acids (FAs), which are lipophilic biomolecules constituted of essential components of the living cells, carry out many necessary functions required for the development of efficient prodrugs. Chemical conjugation of FAs to drug molecules may change their pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics in vivo and even their toxicity profile. Well-designed FA-based prodrugs can also present other benefits, such as improved oral bioavailability, promoted tumor targeting efficiency, controlled drug release, and enhanced cellular penetration, leading to improved therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discuss diverse drug molecules conjugated to various unsaturated FAs. Furthermore, various drug-FA conjugates loaded into various nanostructure delivery systems, including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, emulsions, nano-assemblies, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles, are reviewed. The present review aims to inspire readers to explore new avenues in prodrug design based on the various FAs with or without nanostructured delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Fattahi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran; Trita Nanomedicine Research Center (TNRC), Trita Third Millennium Pharmaceuticals, 45331-55681 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Aziz Maleki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hamidi
- Trita Nanomedicine Research Center (TNRC), Trita Third Millennium Pharmaceuticals, 45331-55681 Zanjan, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran; Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques (RIMBT), University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
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Goryashchenko AS, Mozhaev AA, Serova OV, Erokhina TN, Orsa AN, Deyev IE, Petrenko AG. Probing Structure and Function of Alkali Sensor IRR with Monoclonal Antibodies. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1060. [PMID: 32708676 PMCID: PMC7408431 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the structure and function of the pH-regulated receptor tyrosine kinase insulin receptor-related receptor (IRR), а member of the insulin receptor family, we obtained six mouse monoclonal antibodies against the recombinant IRR ectodomain. These antibodies were characterized in experiments with exogenously expressed full-length IRR by Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunocytochemistry analyses. Utilizing a previously obtained set of IRR/IR chimeras with swapped small structural domains and point amino acid substitutions, we mapped the binding sites of the obtained antibodies in IRR. Five of them showed specific binding to different IRR domains in the extracellular region, while one failed to react with the full-length receptor. Unexpectedly, we found that 4D5 antibody can activate IRR at neutral pH, and 4C2 antibody can inhibit activation of IRR by alkali. Our study is the first description of the instruments of protein nature that can regulate activity of the orphan receptor IRR and confirms that alkali-induced activation is an intrinsic property of this receptor tyrosine kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Goryashchenko
- Laboratory of Receptor Cell Biology, Department of Peptide and Protein Technologies, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.M.); (O.V.S.); (A.N.O.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Andrey A. Mozhaev
- Laboratory of Receptor Cell Biology, Department of Peptide and Protein Technologies, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.M.); (O.V.S.); (A.N.O.); (A.G.P.)
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Structures, Department of X-ray and Synchrotron Studies, A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana V. Serova
- Laboratory of Receptor Cell Biology, Department of Peptide and Protein Technologies, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.M.); (O.V.S.); (A.N.O.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Tatiana N. Erokhina
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orsa
- Laboratory of Receptor Cell Biology, Department of Peptide and Protein Technologies, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.M.); (O.V.S.); (A.N.O.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Igor E. Deyev
- Group of Molecular Physiology, Department of Peptide and Protein Technologies, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander G. Petrenko
- Laboratory of Receptor Cell Biology, Department of Peptide and Protein Technologies, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.M.); (O.V.S.); (A.N.O.); (A.G.P.)
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Abstract
The insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family of proteins are part of a complex network that regulates cell proliferation and survival. While this system is undoubtedly important in prenatal development and postnatal cell growth, members of this family have been implicated in several different cancer types. Increased circulating insulin and IGF ligands have been linked to increased risk of cancer incidence. This observation has led to targeting the IGF system as a therapeutic strategy in a number of cancers. This chapter aims to describe the well-characterized biology of the IGF1R system, outline the rationale for targeting this system in cancer, summarize the clinical data as it stands, and discuss where we can go from here.
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Ceritinib-Induced Regression of an Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Driven Neuroepithelial Brain Tumor. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174267. [PMID: 31480400 PMCID: PMC6747232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway plays an important role in several brain tumor entities. However, the lack of inhibitors crossing the blood–brain barrier remains a significant obstacle for clinical translation. Here, we targeted the IGF pathway using ceritinib, an off-target inhibitor of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) and insulin receptor (INSR), in a pediatric patient with an unclassified brain tumor and a notch receptor 1 (NOTCH1) germline mutation. Pathway analysis of the tumor revealed activation of the sonic hedgehog (SHH), the wingless and integrated-1 (WNT), the IGF, and the Notch pathway. The proliferation of the patient tumor cells (225ZL) was inhibited by arsenic trioxide (ATO), which is an inhibitor of the SHH pathway, by linsitinib, which is an inhibitor of IGF1R and INSR, and by ceritinib. 225ZL expressed INSR but not IGF1R at the protein level, and ceritinib blocked the phosphorylation of INSR. Our first personalized treatment included ATO, but because of side effects, we switched to ceritinib. After 46 days, we achieved a concentration of 1.70 µM of ceritinib in the plasma, and after 58 days, MRI confirmed that there was a response to the treatment. Ceritinib accumulated in the tumor at a concentration of 2.72 µM. Our data suggest ceritinib as a promising drug for the treatment of IGF-driven brain tumors.
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Manzella L, Massimino M, Stella S, Tirrò E, Pennisi MS, Martorana F, Motta G, Vitale SR, Puma A, Romano C, Di Gregorio S, Russo M, Malandrino P, Vigneri P. Activation of the IGF Axis in Thyroid Cancer: Implications for Tumorigenesis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3258. [PMID: 31269742 PMCID: PMC6651760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis is one of the best-established drivers of thyroid transformation, as thyroid cancer cells overexpress both IGF ligands and their receptors. Thyroid neoplasms encompass distinct clinical and biological entities as differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC)-comprising papillary (PTC) and follicular (FTC) tumors-respond to radioiodine therapy, while undifferentiated tumors-including poorly-differentiated (PDTC) or anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs)-are refractory to radioactive iodine and exhibit limited responses to chemotherapy. Thus, safe and effective treatments for the latter aggressive thyroid tumors are urgently needed. Despite a strong preclinical rationale for targeting the IGF axis in thyroid cancer, the results of the available clinical studies have been disappointing, possibly because of the crosstalk between IGF signaling and other pathways that may result in resistance to targeted agents aimed against individual components of these complex signaling networks. Based on these observations, the combinations between IGF-signaling inhibitors and other anti-tumor drugs, such as DNA damaging agents or kinase inhibitors, may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas. In this review, we discuss the role of the IGF axis in thyroid tumorigenesis and also provide an update on the current knowledge of IGF-targeted combination therapies for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Manzella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Michele Massimino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Stella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Tirrò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Pennisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Martorana
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Motta
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Rita Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana Puma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Romano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Sandra Di Gregorio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Russo
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, 95122, Italy
| | - Pasqualino Malandrino
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, 95122, Italy
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
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11
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Casey DL, Lin TY, Cheung NKV. Exploiting Signaling Pathways and Immune Targets Beyond the Standard of Care for Ewing Sarcoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:537. [PMID: 31275859 PMCID: PMC6593481 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) family of tumors includes bone and soft tissue tumors that are often characterized by a specific translocation between chromosome 11 and 22, resulting in the EWS-FLI1 fusion gene. With the advent of multi-modality treatment including cytotoxic chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy, the prognosis for patients with ES has substantially improved. However, a therapeutic plateau is now reached for both localized and metastatic disease over the last two decades. Burdened by the toxicity limits associated with the current frontline systemic therapy, there is an urgent need for novel targeted therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the current treatment paradigm of ES, and explore preclinical evidence and emerging treatments directed at tumor signaling pathways and immune targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana L Casey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tsung-Yi Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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12
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de Vries Schultink AHM, Crombag MRBS, van Werkhoven E, Otten HM, Bergman AM, Schellens JHM, Huitema ADR, Beijnen JH. Neutropenia and docetaxel exposure in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients: A meta-analysis and evaluation of a clinical cohort. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1406-1415. [PMID: 30802002 PMCID: PMC6488109 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of neutropenia in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients treated with docetaxel has been reported to be lower compared to patients with other solid tumors treated with a similar dose. It is suggested that this is due to increased clearance of docetaxel in mCRPC patients, resulting in decreased exposure. The aims of this study were to (1) determine if exposure in mCRPC patients is lower vs patients with other solid tumors by conducting a meta‐analysis, (2) evaluate the incidence of neutropenia in patients with mCRPC vs other solid tumors in a clinical cohort, and (3) discuss potential clinical consequences. A meta‐analysis was conducted of studies which reported areas under the plasma concentration‐time curves (AUCs) of docetaxel and variability. In addition, grade 3/4 neutropenia was evaluated using logistic regression in a cohort of patients treated with docetaxel. The meta‐analysis included 36 cohorts from 26 trials (n = 1150 patients), and showed that patients with mCRPC had a significantly lower mean AUC vs patients with other solid tumors (fold change [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.8 [1.5‐2.2]), with corresponding AUCs of 1.82 and 3.30 mg∙h/L, respectively. Logistic regression, including 812 patient, demonstrated that patients with mCRPC had a 2.2‐fold lower odds of developing grade 3/4 neutropenia compared to patients with other solid tumors (odds ratio [95%CI]: 0.46 [0.31‐0.90]). These findings indicate that mCRPC patients have a lower risk of experiencing severe neutropenia, possibly attributable to lower systemic exposure to docetaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-Rose B S Crombag
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute & MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik van Werkhoven
- Department of Biometrics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Martin Otten
- Department of Medical Oncology, MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre M Bergman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H M Schellens
- Division of Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute & MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute & MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Bosma SE, van Driel PB, Hogendoorn PC, Dijkstra PS, Sier CF. Introducing fluorescence guided surgery into orthopedic oncology: A systematic review of candidate protein targets for Ewing sarcoma. J Surg Oncol 2018; 118:906-914. [PMID: 30212597 PMCID: PMC6220824 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES), an aggressive bone and soft‐tissue tumor, is treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Intra‐operative distinction between healthy and tumorous tissue is of paramount importance but challenging, especially after chemotherapy and at complex anatomical locations. Near infrared (NIR) fluorescence‐guided surgery (FGS) is able to facilitate the determination of tumor boundaries intra‐operatively, improving complete resection and therefore survival. This review evaluates potential ES‐specific proteins from the literature as targets for NIR FGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Bosma
- Department of Orthopedics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Pd Sander Dijkstra
- Department of Orthopedics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Fm Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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14
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Kim M, Baek M, Kim DJ. Protein Tyrosine Signaling and its Potential Therapeutic Implications in Carcinogenesis. Curr Pharm Des 2018. [PMID: 28625132 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170616082125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a crucial signaling mechanism that plays a role in epithelial carcinogenesis. Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) control various cellular processes including growth, differentiation, metabolism, and motility by activating major signaling pathways including STAT3, AKT, and MAPK. Genetic mutation of PTKs and/or prolonged activation of PTKs and their downstream pathways can lead to the development of epithelial cancer. Therefore, PTKs became an attractive target for cancer prevention. PTK inhibitors are continuously being developed, and they are currently used for the treatment of cancers that show a high expression of PTKs. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), the homeostatic counterpart of PTKs, negatively regulate the rate and duration of phosphotyrosine signaling. PTPs initially were considered to be only housekeeping enzymes with low specificity. However, recent studies have demonstrated that PTPs can function as either tumor suppressors or tumor promoters, depending on their target substrates. Together, both PTK and PTP signal transduction pathways are potential therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihwa Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Minwoo Baek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
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15
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Du J, Yu Y, Zhan J, Zhang H. Targeted Therapies Against Growth Factor Signaling in Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1026:125-146. [PMID: 29282682 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6020-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent female malignancy throughout the world. Conventional treatment strategies for breast cancer consist of chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, chemoradiation, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies. Among them, targeted therapies show advantages to reduce cost and toxicity for being possible for individualized treatments based on the intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer. With deeper understanding of key signaling pathways concerning tumor growth and survival, growth factor-controlled signaling pathways are frequently dysregulated in the development and progression of breast cancer. Thus, targeted therapies against growth factor-mediated signaling pathways have been shown to have promising efficacy in both preclinical animal models and human clinical trials. In this chapter, we will briefly introduce inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies that target the main growth factor-modulated scenarios including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathways in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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16
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Mancarella C, Scotlandi K. IGF system in sarcomas: a crucial pathway with many unknowns to exploit for therapy. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:T45-T60. [PMID: 29273680 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has gained substantial interest due to its involvement in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and survival during anoikis and after conventional and targeted therapies. However, results from clinical trials have been largely disappointing, with only a few but notable exceptions, such as trials targeting sarcomas, especially Ewing sarcoma. This review highlights key studies focusing on IGF signaling in sarcomas, specifically studies underscoring the properties that make this system an attractive therapeutic target and identifies new relationships that may be exploited. This review discusses the potential roles of IGF2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BPs), discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) and metalloproteinase pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) in regulating the IGF system. Deeper investigation of these novel regulators of the IGF system may help us to further elucidate the spatial and temporal control of the IGF axis, as understanding the control of this axis is essential for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Mancarella
- Experimental Oncology Lab, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Experimental Oncology Lab, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
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17
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Vishwamitra D, George SK, Shi P, Kaseb AO, Amin HM. Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling in hematological malignancies. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1814-1844. [PMID: 27661006 PMCID: PMC5352101 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system plays key roles in the establishment and progression of different types of cancer. In agreement with this idea, substantial evidence has shown that the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR) and its primary ligand IGF-I are important for maintaining the survival of malignant cells of hematopoietic origin. In this review, we discuss current understanding of the role of IGF-IR signaling in cancer with a focus on the hematological neoplasms. We also address the emergence of IGF-IR as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of different types of cancer including plasma cell myeloma, leukemia, and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Vishwamitra
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suraj Konnath George
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ahmed O Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hesham M Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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18
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Murekatete B, Shokoohmand A, McGovern J, Mohanty L, Meinert C, Hollier BG, Zippelius A, Upton Z, Kashyap AS. Targeting Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Extracellular Matrix Interactions in Melanoma Progression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:583. [PMID: 29330502 PMCID: PMC5766529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I binds to the ECM protein vitronectin (VN) through IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) to enhance proliferation and migration of skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Although evidence exists for the role of individual components of the complex (IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and VN), the cellular functions stimulated by these proteins together as a complex remains un-investigated in melanoma cells. We report here that the IGF-I:IGFBP-3:VN trimeric complex stimulates a dose-dependent increase in the proliferation and migration of WM35 and Sk-MEL28 melanoma cells. In 3D Matrigel™ and hydrogel cultures, both cell lines formed primary tumor-like spheroids, which increased in size in a dose-dependent manner in response to the trimeric complex. Furthermore, we reveal IGFBP-3:VN protein complexes in malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma patient tissues, where the IGFBP-3:VN complex was seen to be predominantly tumor cell-associated. Peptide antagonists designed to target the binding of IGF-I:IGFBP-3 to VN were demonstrated to inhibit IGF-I:IGFBP-3:VN-stimulated cell migration, invasion and 3D tumor cell growth of melanoma cells. Overall, this study provides new data on IGF:ECM interactions in skin malignancies and demonstrates the potential usefulness of a growth factor:ECM-disrupting strategy for abrogating tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berline Murekatete
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ali Shokoohmand
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacqui McGovern
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lipsa Mohanty
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christoph Meinert
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett G Hollier
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zee Upton
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abhishek S Kashyap
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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19
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Pang Z, Cui L, Ding N, Zhu L, Qu X, Dong W, Du J, Liu Q. Expressions of insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 and cezanne-1 in lung adenocarcinoma. Med Oncol 2017; 34:78. [PMID: 28365890 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-0934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
IGF1R (insulin-like growth factor receptor-1) was confirmed to play a significant role in the development of cancer. Cezanne-1 overexpression was considered to be associated with enhancement of EGFR signaling pathway and reduced degeneration of EGFR. There was a close relationship between EGFR and IGFR as previous study showed. Dynamic balance between receptor ubiquitination and deubiquitination was critical in the process of termination of IGF signaling pathway. So we conducted an IHC staining to initially prove the correlation. Cezanne-1 and IGF1R expressions were evaluated in 103 patients with lung adenocarcinoma using immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. The relationship between expressions of cezanne-1 and IGF1R were analyzed by χ2 test. Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate the survival curve, and the statistical difference was calculated by log-rank test. We also used data in R2 system to verify the relationship between IGF1R and cezanne-1. R2 system showed there was a close correlation between IGF1R and cezanne-1. Positive expression of cezanne-1 was detected in 64.1% patients. A significant association was shown between cezanne-1 and IGF1R expression (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that both cezanne-1 and IGF1R expressions were independent prognostic factors for OS. (HR 2.96, 95% CI 1.090-8.060, p = 0.033; HR 2.273, 95% CI 1.016-5.085, p = 0.046, respectively). Our findings indicated both cezanne-1 and IGF1R expressions were negative independent predictive factors for the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma, respectively. There was a close positive interrelationship between cezanne-1 and IGF1R expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofei Pang
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Lixuan Cui
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Linhai Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Xiao Qu
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Jiajun Du
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Qi Liu
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
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20
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Steppan DA, Pratilas CA, Loeb DM. Targeted therapy for soft tissue sarcomas in adolescents and young adults. Adolesc Health Med Ther 2017; 8:41-55. [PMID: 28408855 PMCID: PMC5384699 DOI: 10.2147/ahmt.s70377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors originating from the mesenchyme. Even though they affect individuals in all age groups, the prevalence of subtypes of STSs changes significantly from childhood through adolescence into adulthood. The mainstay of therapy is surgery, with or without the addition of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. These treatment modalities are associated, in many cases, with significant morbidity and, given the heterogeneity of tumor histologies encompassed by the term "STS", have not uniformly improved outcomes. Moreover, some subgroups of STSs appear to be more, and others less, responsive to conventional chemotherapy agents. Over the last two decades, our understanding of the biology of STSs is slowly increasing, allowing for the development of more targeted therapies. We review the new treatment modalities that have been tested on patients with STSs, with a special focus on adolescents and young adults, a group of patients that is often underrepresented in clinical trials and has not received the dedicated attention it deserves, given the significant differences in biology and treatment response in comparison to children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Steppan
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine A Pratilas
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David M Loeb
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Cao H, Cui L, Ma W, Zhu L, Wang K, Ni Y, Wang Y, Du J. Adverse Events and Efficacy of Cixutumumab in Phase II Clinical Trials: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Drug Investig 2017; 37:135-153. [PMID: 27858328 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-016-0475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cixutumumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). We sought to evaluate the efficacy of cixutumumab in the treatment of cancer, and to comprehensively assess the associated adverse events in phase II clinical trials. METHODS Data were collected from PubMed, Embase, and Clinicaltrials.gov. The improvement on progression-free survival (PFS) was evaluated by hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). We also carried a meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the incidence of adverse events. RESULTS The adverse events that were mentioned most frequently were hyperglycemia, anemia, nausea, fatigue, and thrombocytopenia. The most frequent adverse events were hyponatremia (40.28%), fatigue (35.18%), and skin rash (35.11%). Results showed that cixutumumab treatments did not benefit PFS (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.83-1.26, p = 0.979). The complete response (CR) was rarely seen in phase II trials. CONCLUSIONS Cixutumumab was well tolerated when used alone and in combination therapies, but its antitumor activity was low in the existing phase II clinical trials. An acceptable incidence of adverse effects supports further investigation of this drug, provided that it shows antitumor activity in combination with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Cao
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.,Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 8, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixuan Cui
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Linhai Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yang Ni
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Department of Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Jiajun Du
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
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22
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Worrall C, Suleymanova N, Crudden C, Trocoli Drakensjö I, Candrea E, Nedelcu D, Takahashi SI, Girnita L, Girnita A. Unbalancing p53/Mdm2/IGF-1R axis by Mdm2 activation restrains the IGF-1-dependent invasive phenotype of skin melanoma. Oncogene 2017; 36:3274-3286. [PMID: 28092675 PMCID: PMC5474566 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma tumors usually retain wild-type p53; however, its tumor-suppressor activity is functionally disabled, most commonly through an inactivating interaction with mouse double-minute 2 homolog (Mdm2), indicating p53 release from this complex as a potential therapeutic approach. P53 and the tumor-promoter insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) compete as substrates for the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mdm2, making their relative abundance intricately linked. Hence we investigated the effects of pharmacological Mdm2 release from the Mdm2/p53 complex on the expression and function of the IGF-1R. Nutlin-3 treatment increased IGF-1R/Mdm2 association with enhanced IGF-1R ubiquitination and a dual functional outcome: receptor downregulation and selective downstream signaling activation confined to the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. This Nutlin-3 functional selectivity translated into IGF-1-mediated bioactivities with biphasic effects on the proliferative and metastatic phenotype: an early increase and late decrease in the number of proliferative and migratory cells, while the invasiveness was completely inhibited following Nutlin-3 treatment through an impaired IGF-1-mediated matrix metalloproteinases type 2 activation mechanism. Taken together, these experiments reveal the biased agonistic properties of Nutlin-3 for the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, mediated by Mdm2 through IGF-1R ubiquitination and provide fundamental insights into destabilizing p53/Mdm2/IGF-1R circuitry that could be developed for therapeutic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Worrall
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Suleymanova
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Crudden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Trocoli Drakensjö
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Dermatology Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Candrea
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu' Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - D Nedelcu
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S-I Takahashi
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - L Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Dermatology Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Regulatory roles of epigenetic modulators, modifiers and mediators in lung cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 42:4-12. [PMID: 27840279 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer-related deaths can be initiated and progressed by the interaction between dynamically genetic and epigenetic elements, although mechanisms mediating lung cancer development and progression remain unclear. Tumor progenitor genes may contribute to lung carcinogenesis and cancer progression, are epigenetically disrupted at the early stages of malignancies even before mutations, and alter cell differentiation throughout tumor evolution. The present review explores potential roles and mechanisms of epigenetic modulators, modifiers and mediators in the development of lung cancer. We also overviewed potential mechanisms by which epigenetic modulators, modifiers and mediators control and regulate 3D nuclear architectures, and discussed translational efforts to epigenetic modifications for treatment of lung cancer. Deep understanding of epigenetic modulators, modifiers and mediators will benefit the discovery and development of new diagnostics and therapies for lung cancer.
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Roland CL, Boland GM, Demicco EG, Lusby K, Ingram D, May CD, Kivlin CM, Watson K, Al Sannaa GA, Wang WL, Ravi V, Pollock RE, Lev D, Cormier JN, Hunt KK, Feig BW, Lazar AJ, Torres KE. Clinical Observations and Molecular Variables of Primary Vascular Leiomyosarcoma. JAMA Surg 2016; 151:347-54. [PMID: 26629783 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2015.4205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Vascular leiomyosarcomas are a rare subtype of leiomyosarcomas that most commonly affect the inferior vena cava and account for 5% of all leiomyosarcomas. These tumors are aggressive malignant tumors for which adjuvant modalities have not shown increased efficacy compared with surgery. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the outcomes of patients with vascular leiomyosarcoma and the association between vascular leiomyosarcomas and immunohistochemical molecular markers, to determine their potential prognostic and therapeutic utility. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective medical record review of a cohort of 77 patients who presented to the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston during the period from January 1993 to April 2012. Data were analyzed during the period from November 2012 to May 2015. All of the patients received a confirmed diagnosis of vascular leiomyosarcoma. Immunohistochemical studies for biomarkers were performed on a tissue microarray that included 26 primary specimens of vascular leiomyosarcoma. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Demographic and clinical factors were evaluated to assess clinical course, patterns of recurrence, and survival outcomes for patients with primary vascular leiomyosarcoma. A univariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to correlate disease-specific survival and time to recurrence with potential prognostic indicators. RESULTS Sixty-three patients with localized disease who underwent surgical resection formed the study population, and their data were used for subsequent outcomes analysis. The median age at diagnosis was 58 years (range, 22-78 years). The majority of patients were female (41 patients [65%]) and white (51 patients [81%]). The 5-year disease-specific survival rate after tumor resection was 65%. The median time to local recurrence was 43 months, the median time to distant recurrence was 25 months, and the median time to concurrent local and distant recurrences was 15 months (P = .04). Strong expressions of cytoplasmic β-catenin (hazard ratio, 5.33 [95% CI, 0.97-29.30]; P = .06) and insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor (hazard ratio, 2.74 [95% CI, 1.14-6.56]; P = .02) were associated with inferior disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Vascular leiomyosarcomas are aggressive malignant tumors, with high recurrence rates. Expressions of β-catenin and insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor were associated with poor disease-specific survival. Prospective studies should evaluate the clinical and therapeutic utility of these molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Roland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Genevieve M Boland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston2Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Elizabeth G Demicco
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston4Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Kristelle Lusby
- Sarcoma Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Davis Ingram
- Sarcoma Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Caitlin D May
- Sarcoma Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston6Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Christine M Kivlin
- Sarcoma Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston6Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Kelsey Watson
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Ghadah A Al Sannaa
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Vinod Ravi
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | | | - Dina Lev
- Sarcoma Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston9Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Janice N Cormier
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Kelly K Hunt
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Barry W Feig
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Keila E Torres
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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25
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Clinical studies in humans targeting the various components of the IGF system show lack of efficacy in the treatment of cancer. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 772:105-122. [PMID: 28528684 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) system regulates cell growth, differentiation and energy metabolism and plays crucial role in the regulation of key aspects of tumor biology, such as cancer cell growth, survival, transformation and invasion. The current focus for cancer therapeutic approaches have shifted from the conventional treatments towards the targeted therapies and the IGF system has gained a great interest as anti-cancer therapy. The proliferative, anti-apoptotic and transformation effects of IGFs are mainly triggered by the ligation of the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR). Thus, aiming at developing novel and effective cancer therapies, different strategies have been employed to target IGF system in human malignancies, including but not limited to ligand or receptor neutralizing antibodies and IGF-IR signaling inhibitors. In this review, we have focused on the clinical studies that have been conducted targeting the various components of the IGF system for the treatment of different types of cancer, providing a description and the challenges of each targeting strategy and the degree of success.
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Iams WT, Lovly CM. Molecular Pathways: Clinical Applications and Future Direction of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Pathway Blockade. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 21:4270-7. [PMID: 26429980 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The IGF1R signaling pathway is a complex and tightly regulated network that is critical for cell proliferation, growth, and survival. IGF1R is a potential therapeutic target for patients with many different malignancies. This brief review summarizes the results of clinical trials targeting the IGF1R pathway in patients with breast cancer, sarcoma, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therapeutic agents discussed include both monoclonal antibodies to IGF1R (dalotuzumab, figitumumab, cixutumumab, ganitumab, R1507, AVE1642) and newer IGF1R pathway targeting strategies, including monoclonal antibodies to IGF1 and IGF2 (MEDI-573 and BI 836845) and a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of IGF1R (linsitinib). The pullback of trials in patients with breast cancer and NSCLC based on several large negative trials is noted and contrasted with the sustained success of IGF1R inhibitor monotherapy in a subset of patients with sarcoma. Several different biomarkers have been examined in these trials with varying levels of success, including tumor expression of IGF1R and its pathway components, serum IGF ligand levels, alternate pathway activation, and specific molecular signatures of IGF1R pathway dependence. However, there remains a critical need to define predictive biomarkers in order to identify patients who may benefit from IGF1R-directed therapies. Ongoing research focuses on uncovering such biomarkers and elucidating mechanisms of resistance, as this therapeutic target is currently being analyzed from the bedside to bench.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade T Iams
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christine M Lovly
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Wang J, Sinnberg T, Niessner H, Dölker R, Sauer B, Kempf WE, Meier F, Leslie N, Schittek B. PTEN regulates IGF-1R-mediated therapy resistance in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 28:572-89. [PMID: 26112748 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a major advance in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. However, its therapeutic success is limited by the rapid emergence of drug resistance. The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is overexpressed in melanomas developing resistance toward the BRAF(V) (600) inhibitor vemurafenib. Here, we show that hyperactivation of BRAF enhances IGF-1R expression. In addition, the phosphatase activity of PTEN as well as heterocellular contact to stromal cells increases IGF-1R expression in melanoma cells and enhances resistance to vemurafenib. Interestingly, PTEN-negative melanoma cells escape IGF-1R blockade by decreased expression of the receptor, implicating that only in melanoma patients with PTEN-positive tumors treatment with IGF-1R inhibitors would be a suitable strategy to combat therapy resistance. Our data emphasize the crosstalk and therapeutic relevance of microenvironmental and tumor cell-autonomous mechanisms in regulating IGF-1R expression and by this sensitivity toward targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heike Niessner
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Dölker
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Sauer
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Kempf
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friedegund Meier
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Schittek
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Chen H, Shen J, Choy E, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. Targeting protein kinases to reverse multidrug resistance in sarcoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 43:8-18. [PMID: 26827688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas are a group of cancers that arise from transformed cells of mesenchymal origin. They can be classified into over 50 subtypes, accounting for approximately 1% of adult and 15% of pediatric cancers. Wide surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are the most common treatments for the majority of sarcomas. Among these therapies, chemotherapy can palliate symptoms and prolong life for some sarcoma patients. However, sarcoma cells can have intrinsic or acquired resistance after treatment with chemotherapeutics drugs, leading to the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). MDR attenuates the efficacy of anticancer drugs and results in treatment failure for sarcomas. Therefore, overcoming MDR is an unmet need for sarcoma therapy. Certain protein kinases demonstrate aberrant expression and/or activity in sarcoma cells, which have been found to be involved in the regulation of sarcoma cell progression, such as cell cycle, apoptosis, and survival. Inhibiting these protein kinases may not only decrease the proliferation and growth of sarcoma cells, but also reverse their resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs to subsequently reduce the doses of anticancer drugs and decrease drug side-effects. The discovery of novel strategies targeting protein kinases opens a door to a new area of sarcoma research and provides insight into the mechanisms of MDR in chemotherapy. This review will focus on the recent studies in targeting protein kinase to reverse chemotherapeutic drug resistance in sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Department of Emergency Surgery, ShenZhen People's Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, No. 1017 Dongmenbei Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518020, China
| | - Jacson Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Edwin Choy
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, United States.
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Potential Therapeutic Targets in Uterine Sarcomas. Sarcoma 2015; 2015:243298. [PMID: 26576131 PMCID: PMC4632006 DOI: 10.1155/2015/243298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine sarcomas are rare tumors accounting for 3,4% of all uterine cancers. Even after radical hysterectomy, most patients relapse or present with distant metastases. The very limited clinical benefit of adjuvant cytotoxic treatments is reflected by high mortality rates, emphasizing the need for new treatment strategies. This review summarizes rising potential targets in four distinct subtypes of uterine sarcomas: leiomyosarcoma, low-grade and high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma, and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma. Based on clinical reports, promising approaches for uterine leiomyosarcoma patients include inhibition of VEGF and mTOR signaling, preferably in combination with other targeted or cytotoxic compounds. Currently, the only targeted therapy approved in leiomyosarcoma patients is pazopanib, a multitargeted inhibitor blocking VEGFR, PDGFR, FGFR, and c-KIT. Additionally, preclinical evidence suggests effect of the inhibition of histone deacetylases, tyrosine kinase receptors, and the mitotic checkpoint protein aurora kinase A. In low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas, antihormonal therapies including aromatase inhibitors and progestins have proven activity. Other potential targets are PDGFR, VEGFR, and histone deacetylases. In high-grade ESS that carry the YWHAE/FAM22A/B fusion gene, the generated 14-3-3 oncoprotein is a putative target, next to c-KIT and the Wnt pathway. The observation of heterogeneity within uterine sarcoma subtypes warrants a personalized treatment approach.
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30
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Amaral AT, Garofalo C, Frapolli R, Manara MC, Mancarella C, Uboldi S, Giandomenico SD, Ordóñez JL, Sevillano V, Malaguarnera R, Picci P, Hassan AB, Alava ED, D'Incalci M, Scotlandi K. Trabectedin Efficacy in Ewing Sarcoma Is Greatly Increased by Combination with Anti-IGF Signaling Agents. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:1373-82. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bowers LW, Rossi EL, O’Flanagan CH, deGraffenried LA, Hursting SD. The Role of the Insulin/IGF System in Cancer: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials and the Energy Balance-Cancer Link. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:77. [PMID: 26029167 PMCID: PMC4432799 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological and pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system plays a key role in the development and progression of several types of cancer. Insulin/IGF signaling, in cooperation with chronic low-grade inflammation, is also an important contributor to the cancer-promoting effects of obesity. However, clinical trials for drugs targeting different components of this system have produced largely disappointing results, possibly due to the lack of predictive biomarker use and problems with the design of combination therapy regimens. With careful attention to the identification of likely patient responders and optimal drug combinations, the outcome of future trials may be improved. Given that insulin/IGF signaling is known to contribute to obesity-associated cancer, further investigation regarding the efficacy of drugs targeting this system and its downstream effectors in the obese patient population is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura W. Bowers
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emily L. Rossi
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ciara H. O’Flanagan
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- *Correspondence: Stephen D. Hursting, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA,
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Kwiatkowska-Borowczyk EP, Gąbka-Buszek A, Jankowski J, Mackiewicz A. Immunotargeting of cancer stem cells. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2015; 19:A52-9. [PMID: 25691822 PMCID: PMC4322523 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2014.47129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a distinctive population of tumour cells that control tumour initiation, progression, and maintenance. Their influence is great enough to risk the statement that successful therapeutic strategy must target CSCs in order to eradicate the disease. Because cancer stem cells are highly resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy, new tools to fight against cancer have to be developed. Expression of antigens such as ALDH, CD44, EpCAM, or CD133, which distinguish CSCs from normal cells, together with CSC immunogenicity and relatively low toxicity of immunotherapies, makes immune targeting of CSCs a promising approach for cancer treatment. This review will present immunotherapeutic approaches using dendritic cells, T cells, pluripotent stem cells, and monoclonal antibodies to target and eliminate CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza P. Kwiatkowska-Borowczyk
- Department of Cancer Immunology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Diagnostic and Immunology Department, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Jankowski
- Department of Cancer Immunology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Diagnostic and Immunology Department, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
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Wang W, Zhang Y, Lv M, Feng J, Peng H, Geng J, Lin Z, Zhou T, Li X, Shen B, Ma Y, Qiao C. Anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody inhibits the carcinogenicity activity of acquired trastuzumab-resistant SKOV3. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:103. [PMID: 25424625 PMCID: PMC4260252 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-014-0103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibody resistance, not only de novo but also acquired cases, usually exists and is related with lower survival rate and high risk of recurrence. Reversing the resistance often results in better clinical therapeutic effect. Previously, we established a trastuzumab-resistant ovarian cancer cell line, named as SKOV3-T, with lower HER2 and induced higher IGF-1R expression level to keep cell survival. Methods IGF-1R was identified important for SKOV3-T growth. Then, a novel anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody, named as LMAb1, was used to inhibit SKOV3-T in cell growth/proliferation, migration, clone formation and in vivo carcinogenicity. Results In both in vitro and in vivo assays, LMAb1 showed effective anti-tumor function, especially when being used in combination with trastuzumab, which was beneficial to longer survival time of mice as well as smaller tumor. It was also confirmed preliminarily that the mechanism of antibody might be to inhibit the activation of IGF-1R and downstream MAPK, AKT pathway transduction. Conclusion We achieved satisfactory anti-tumor activity using trastuzumab plus LMAb1 in trastuzumab-resistant ovarian cancer model. In similar cases, not only acquired but also de novo, good curative effect might be achieved using combined antibody therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China. .,Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, PO Box 130(3), Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road No. 28, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Ming Lv
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, PO Box 130(3), Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jiannan Feng
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China. .,Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, PO Box 130(3), Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Environment and Pharmacy, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jing Geng
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, PO Box 130(3), Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Zhou Lin
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, PO Box 130(3), Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, PO Box 130(3), Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xinying Li
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, PO Box 130(3), Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Beifen Shen
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, PO Box 130(3), Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yuanfang Ma
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China.
| | - Chunxia Qiao
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, PO Box 130(3), Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Enguita-Germán M, Fortes P. Targeting the insulin-like growth factor pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2014; 6:716-737. [PMID: 25349643 PMCID: PMC4209417 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v6.i10.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Only 30%-40% of the patients with HCC are eligible for curative treatments, which include surgical resection as the first option, liver transplantation and percutaneous ablation. Unfortunately, there is a high frequency of tumor recurrence after surgical resection and most HCC seem resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Sorafenib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the only chemotherapeutic option for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients treated with Sorafenib have a significant increase in overall survival of about three months. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative treatments. Due to its role in cell growth and development, the insulin-like growth factor system is commonly deregulated in many cancers. Indeed, the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis has recently emerged as a potential target for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. To this aim, several inhibitors of the pathway have been developed such as monoclonal antibodies, small molecules, antisense oligonucleotides or small interfering RNAs. However recent studies suggest that, unlike most tumors, HCC development requires increased signaling through insulin growth factor II rather than insulin growth factor I. This may have great implications in the future treatment of HCC. This review summarizes the role of the IGF axis in liver carcinogenesis and the current status of the strategies designed to target the IGF-I signaling pathway for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
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Gao S, Bajrami I, Verrill C, Kigozi A, Ouaret D, Aleksic T, Asher R, Han C, Allen P, Bailey D, Feller S, Kashima T, Athanasou N, Blay JY, Schmitz S, Machiels JP, Upile N, Jones TM, Thalmann G, Ashraf SQ, Wilding JL, Bodmer WF, Middleton MR, Ashworth A, Lord CJ, Macaulay VM. Dsh homolog DVL3 mediates resistance to IGFIR inhibition by regulating IGF-RAS signaling. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5866-77. [PMID: 25168481 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drugs that inhibit insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGFI) receptor IGFIR were encouraging in early trials, but predictive biomarkers were lacking and the drugs provided insufficient benefit in unselected patients. In this study, we used genetic screening and downstream validation to identify the WNT pathway element DVL3 as a mediator of resistance to IGFIR inhibition. Sensitivity to IGFIR inhibition was enhanced specifically in vitro and in vivo by genetic or pharmacologic blockade of DVL3. In breast and prostate cancer cells, sensitization tracked with enhanced MEK-ERK activation and relied upon MEK activity and DVL3 expression. Mechanistic investigations showed that DVL3 is present in an adaptor complex that links IGFIR to RAS, which includes Shc, growth factor receptor-bound-2 (Grb2), son-of-sevenless (SOS), and the tumor suppressor DAB2. Dual DVL and DAB2 blockade synergized in activating ERKs and sensitizing cells to IGFIR inhibition, suggesting a nonredundant role for DVL3 in the Shc-Grb2-SOS complex. Clinically, tumors that responded to IGFIR inhibition contained relatively lower levels of DVL3 protein than resistant tumors, and DVL3 levels in tumors correlated inversely with progression-free survival in patients treated with IGFIR antibodies. Because IGFIR does not contain activating mutations analogous to EGFR variants associated with response to EGFR inhibitors, we suggest that IGF signaling achieves an equivalent integration at the postreceptor level through adaptor protein complexes, influencing cellular dependence on the IGF axis and identifying a patient population with potential to benefit from IGFIR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ilirjana Bajrami
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Verrill
- Department of Cellular Pathology and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Asha Kigozi
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Djamila Ouaret
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tamara Aleksic
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Asher
- Department of Cellular Pathology and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng Han
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Allen
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Bailey
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Feller
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Takeshi Kashima
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Athanasou
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, Department of Pathology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, Department of Medicine, Lyon, France
| | - Sandra Schmitz
- Service d'oncologie médicale, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pascal Machiels
- Service d'oncologie médicale, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nav Upile
- Liverpool CR-UK Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Terry M Jones
- Liverpool CR-UK Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shazad Q Ashraf
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer L Wilding
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Walter F Bodmer
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Middleton
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Lord
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentine M Macaulay
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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36
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A parallel-arm phase I trial of the humanised anti-IGF-1R antibody dalotuzumab in combination with the AKT inhibitor MK-2206, the mTOR inhibitor ridaforolimus, or the NOTCH inhibitor MK-0752, in patients with advanced solid tumours. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1932-44. [PMID: 25290091 PMCID: PMC4229637 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Two strategies to interrogate the insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) pathway were investigated: vertical inhibition with dalotuzumab and MK-2206 or ridaforolimus to potentiate PI3K pathway targeting and horizontal cross-talk inhibition with dalotuzumab and MK-0752 to exert effects against cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and stem cell propagation. Methods: A phase I, multi-cohort dose escalation study was conducted in patients with advanced solid tumours. Patients received dalotuzumab (10 mg kg–1) and escalating doses of MK-2206 (90–200 mg) or escalating doses of dalotuzumab (7.5–10 mg kg–1) and MK-0752 (1800 mg) weekly. Upon maximum tolerated dose determination, patients with low-RAS signature, high-IGF1 expression ovarian cancer were randomised to dalotuzumab/MK-2206 versus dalotuzumab/ridaforolimus, whereas patients with high IGF1/low IGF2 expression colorectal cancer received dalotuzumab/MK-0752. Results: A total of 47 patients were enrolled: 29 in part A (18 in the dalotuzumab/MK-2206 arm and 11 in the dalotuzumab/MK-0752 arm) and 18 in part B (6 in each arm). Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) for dalotuzumab/MK-2206 included grade 4 neutropenia and grade 3 serum sickness-like reaction, maculopapular rash, and gastrointestinal inflammation. For dalotuzumab/MK-0752, DLTs included grade 3 dehydration, rash, and diarrhoea. Seven patients remained on study for >4 cycles. Conclusions: Dalotuzumab/MK-2206 and dalotuzumab/MK-0752 combinations were tolerable. Further developments of prospectively validated predictive biomarkers to aid in patient selection for anti-IGF-1R therapies are needed.
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37
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Sabbatino F, Wang Y, Wang X, Schwab JH, Ferrone S, Ferrone CR. Novel tumor antigen-specific monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy to eradicate both differentiated cancer cells and cancer-initiating cells in solid tumors. Semin Oncol 2014; 41:685-99. [PMID: 25440613 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of experimental and clinical evidence strongly suggests that the resistance of cancer-initiating cells (CICs) to conventional therapies represents a major obstacle to the successful treatment of a malignant disease. To overcome this limitation a novel combinatorial tumor antigen (TA)-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) strategy has been developed. In this strategy TA-specific mAbs are combined with chemotherapeutic agents and/or small molecules that inhibit aberrantly activated signaling pathways in cancer cells and especially in CICs. The in vitro results we have obtained indicate that this strategy is very effective in eradicating both differentiated cancer cells and CICs in several types of malignant disease. If the in vitro results have in vivo relevance, the strategy we have designed may have an impact on the treatment of malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sabbatino
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph H Schwab
- Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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38
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King H, Aleksic T, Haluska P, Macaulay VM. Can we unlock the potential of IGF-1R inhibition in cancer therapy? Cancer Treat Rev 2014; 40:1096-105. [PMID: 25123819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IGF-1R inhibitors arrived in the clinic accompanied by optimism based on preclinical activity of IGF-1R targeting, and recognition that low IGF bioactivity protects from cancer. This was tempered by concerns about toxicity to normal tissue IGF-1R and cross-reactivity with insulin receptor (InsR). In fact, toxicity is not a show-stopper; the key issue is efficacy. While IGF-1R inhibition induces responses as monotherapy in sarcomas and with chemotherapy or targeted agents in common cancers, negative Phase 2/3 trials in unselected patients prompted the cessation of several Pharma programs. Here, we review completed and on-going trials of IGF-1R antibodies, kinase inhibitors and ligand antibodies. We assess candidate biomarkers for patient selection, highlighting the potential predictive value of circulating IGFs/IGFBPs, the need for standardized assays for IGF-1R, and preclinical evidence that variant InsRs mediate resistance to IGF-1R antibodies. We review hypothesis-led and unbiased approaches to evaluate IGF-1R inhibitors with other agents, and stress the need to consider sequencing with chemotherapy. The last few years were a tough time for IGF-1R therapeutics, but also brought progress in understanding IGF biology. Even failed studies include patients who derived benefit; they should be investigated to identify features distinguishing the tumors and host environment of responders from non-responders. We emphasize the importance of incorporating biospecimen collection into trial design, and wording patient consents to allow post hoc analysis of trial material as new data become available. Such information represents the key to unlocking the potential of this approach, to inform the next generation of trials of IGF signalling inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen King
- St Catherine's College, University of Oxford, Manor Road, Oxford OX1 3UJ, UK.
| | - Tamara Aleksic
- Department of Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Paul Haluska
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Valentine M Macaulay
- Department of Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
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39
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Wang Y, Fan W, Dai X, Katragadda U, Mckinley D, Teng Q, Tan C. Enhanced tumor delivery of gemcitabine via PEG-DSPE/TPGS mixed micelles. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1140-50. [PMID: 24579673 PMCID: PMC3993932 DOI: 10.1021/mp4005904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Gemcitabine is a potent anticancer
drug approved for the treatment
of pancreatic, non-small-cell lung, breast, and ovarian cancers. The
major deficiencies of current gemcitabine therapy, however, are its
rapid metabolic inactivation and narrow therapeutic window. Herein,
we employed polyethylene glycol-b-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine
(PEG-DSPE)/tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) mixed
micelles as a delivery system, to improve the pharmacokinetic characteristics
of gemcitabine and enhance its antitumor efficacy. By conjugating
stearic acid to gemcitabine and subsequently encapsulating stearoyl
gemcitabine (GemC18) within PEG-DSPE/TPGS mixed micelles, the deamination
of gemcitabine was delayed in vitro and in
vivo. Importantly, compared to free gemcitabine, GemC18-loaded
micelles pronouncedly prolonged the circulation time of gemcitabine
and elevated its concentration in the tumor by 3-fold, resulting in
superior antitumor efficacy in mice bearing human pancreatic cancer
BxPC-3 xenografts. Our findings demonstrate the promise of PEG-DSPE/TPGS
mixed micelles as a nanocarrier system for the delivery of gemcitabine
to achieve safer and more efficacious therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhe Wang
- Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University , Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
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