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Shijimaya T, Tahara T, Yamazaki J, Kobayashi S, Matsumoto Y, Nakamura N, Takahashi Y, Tomiyama T, Fukui T, Shibata T, Naganuma M. Microbiome of esophageal endoscopic wash samples is associated with resident flora in the esophagus and incidence of cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19525. [PMID: 39174555 PMCID: PMC11341785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Change in mucosal microbiome is associated with various types of cancer in digestive tract. We hypothesized that microbial communities in the esophageal endoscopic wash fluids reflects resident flora in esophageal mucosa that is associated with esophageal carcinoma (EC) risk and/or directly correlates microbiome derived from EC tumor tissue. Studying microbial communities in esophageal endoscopic wash samples would be therefore useful to predict the incidence or risk of EC. We examined microbial communities of the endoscopic wash samples from 45 primary EC and 20 respective non-EC controls using 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicon sequencing. The result was also compared with microbial communities in matched endoscopic biopsies from EC and non-cancerous esophageal mucosa. Compared with non-EC controls, 6 discriminative bacterial genera were detected in EC patients. Among them, relative abundance ratio of Prevotella and Shuttlewarthia, as well as decrease of genus Prevotella presented good prognostic performance to discriminate EC from controls (area under curve, 0.86, 0.82, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed occurrence of EC was an independent factor associated with decrease of this bacteria. Abundance of genus Prevotella in the esophageal endoscopic wash samples was significantly correlated with the abundance of this bacteria in the matched endoscopic biopsies from non-cancerous esophageal mucosa but not in the EC tissues. Our findings suggest that microbiome composition in the esophageal endoscopic wash samples reflects resident flora in the esophagus and significantly correlates with the incidence of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Shijimaya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Tahara
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Jumpei Yamazaki
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sanshiro Kobayashi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yasushi Matsumoto
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Naohiro Nakamura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Takashi Tomiyama
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fukui
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Makoto Naganuma
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
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Hassanain H, Hassanain O, Abdelrahim M. The Uncharted Territories of Esophageal Cancer with Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Metastasis: A Case Report and Literature Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1146. [PMID: 39064572 PMCID: PMC11278847 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60071146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) comprises 1% of all diagnosed cancers in the USA. It is more common in other parts of the world. If there is distant metastasis, the relative survival rate is 6%. There are no standardized screening methods for EC. Case Presentation: We reported a four-year case of esophageal cancer, a P53-positive mutation with atypical distant metastasis to the cardiac and skeletal muscles. The patient was managed with multimodal therapy, including immunotherapy, which could have been a factor in prolonged survival. Conclusions: Distant metastases are typically seen postmortem, and with prolonged survival, we are able to find such unique metastases antemortem. Despite a history of negative scans, the patient's ctDNA (circulating tumor DNA) remained positive, which was a better predictor of recurrence in this case. Future research is required to establish cost-effective screening methods and standardized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Hassanain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund Fellow, Texas A&M Academy of Physician Scientists, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Omar Hassanain
- Department of General Surgery, Swedish Medical Center, Englewood, CO 80113, USA
| | - Maen Abdelrahim
- Section of GI Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77429, USA
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Zhao YX, Zhao HP, Zhao MY, Yu Y, Qi X, Wang JH, Lv J. Latest insights into the global epidemiological features, screening, early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:2638-2656. [PMID: 38855150 PMCID: PMC11154680 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i20.2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
As a highly invasive carcinoma, esophageal cancer (EC) was the eighth most prevalent malignancy and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide in 2020. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the major histological subtype of EC, and its incidence and mortality rates are decreasing globally. Due to the lack of specific early symptoms, ESCC patients are usually diagnosed with advanced-stage disease with a poor prognosis, and the incidence and mortality rates are still high in many countries, especially in China. Therefore, enormous challenges still exist in the management of ESCC, and novel strategies are urgently needed to further decrease the incidence and mortality rates of ESCC. Although the key molecular mechanisms underlying ESCC pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated, certain promising biomarkers are being investigated to facilitate clinical decision-making. With the advent and advancement of high-throughput technologies, such as genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, valuable biomarkers with high sensitivity, specificity and stability could be identified for ESCC. Herein, we aimed to determine the epidemiological features of ESCC in different regions of the world, especially in China, and focused on novel molecular biomarkers associated with ESCC screening, early diagnosis and prognosis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meng-Yao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xi Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ji-Han Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
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4
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Liu M, Yang W, Guo C, Liu Z, Li F, Liu A, Yang H, Shen L, Wu Q, Duan L, Wang H, Tian H, Shi C, Pan Y, Liu Y, Liu F, Weiss NS, Cai H, He Z, Ke Y. Effectiveness of Endoscopic Screening on Esophageal Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A 9-Year Report of the Endoscopic Screening for Esophageal Cancer in China (ESECC) Randomized Trial. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:1655-1664. [PMID: 38457759 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic screening against incidence of and mortality from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS From January 2012 to September 2016, we conducted a community-based cluster randomized controlled trial involving permanent residents age 45-69 years in a high-risk region for ESCC in northern China. A total of 668 targeted villages were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the screening group (offered Lugol's chromoendoscopy) or control group (no screening). Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were performed to compare esophageal cancer (EC) incidence and mortality between the two groups. The per-protocol analysis adjusted for nonadherence to the screening procedure. RESULTS A total of 33,847 participants were included in the analysis: 17,104 in the screening group, 15,165 (88.7%) of whom underwent screening, and 16,743 in the control group. During a maximum follow-up of 9 years, EC incidence in the screening and control groups were 60.9 and 72.5 per 100,000 person-years, respectively; mortality in the screening and control groups were 29.7 and 32.4 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. Compared with the control group, the incidence and mortality of the screening group reduced by 19% (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.81 [95% CI, 0.60 to 1.09]) and 18% (aHR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.53 to 1.26]), respectively, in the intention-to-treat analysis; and by 22% (aHR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.56 to 1.10]) and 21% (aHR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.49 to 1.30]), respectively, in the per-protocol analysis. CONCLUSION With a 9-year follow-up, our trial suggests that chromoendoscopic screening induces modest reductions in EC incidence and mortality. A more efficient strategy for EC screening and subsequent patient management should be established to guarantee the effectiveness of endoscopic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanhai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fenglei Li
- Hua County People's Hospital, Hua County, China
| | - Anxiang Liu
- Endoscopy Center, Anyang Cancer Hospital, Anyang, China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Anyang Cancer Hospital, Anyang, China
| | - Lin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Endoscopy Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Quality Control Office, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongrui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yaqi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Noel S Weiss
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Hong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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Lao SH, Huang JL, Wu LF. Barrett’s esophagus: Current challenges in diagnosis and treatment. WORLD CHINESE JOURNAL OF DIGESTOLOGY 2024; 32:267-275. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v32.i4.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
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Zhao R, Li T, Zhao X, Yang Z, Ma L, Wang X. The m6A reader IGF2BP2 promotes the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by increasing the stability of OCT4 mRNA. Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 102:169-178. [PMID: 37917979 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2023-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignancy with high morbidity and mortality. Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) serves as a reader of RNA m6A (N6 methyladenosine) modification to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Emerging evidence suggests that IGF2BP2 plays critical roles in tumorigenesis and malignant development. However, the biological function and molecular mechanism of IGF2BP2 in ESCC are not well understood. Here, we found that IGF2BP2 expression was upregulated in esophageal cancer tissues and ESCC cells, and IGF2BP2 overexpression enhanced proliferation, migration, invasion, and stem cell-like properties of ESCC cells. Conversely, the knockdown of IGF2BP2 expression inhibited malignant phenotype of ESCC cells. Mechanistically, IGF2BP2 upregulated octomer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) mRNA expression, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay proved that IGF2BP2 could interact with OCT4 mRNA. Moreover, OCT4 was modified at m6A confirmed by methylated m6A RNA immunoprecipitation (Me-RIP)-qPCR assay, and IGF2BP2 knockdown reduced OCT4 mRNA stability. These results suggested that IGF2BP2 served as a reader for m6A-modified OCT4, thus increased OCT4 mRNA expression by regulating its stability. Furthermore, the knockdown of OCT4 could reverse the effects of IGF2BP2 on ESCC cells. In conclusion, these data indicate that IGF2BP2, as a reader for m6A, plays an oncogenic role by regulating OCT4 expression in ESCC, which provides new insights into targeting IGF2BP2/OCT4 axis for the therapy of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinran Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Liying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
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7
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Li X, Yu L, Yang J, Fu M, Tan H. Comparison of early postoperative pulmonary complications between two-lung ventilation with artificial pneumothorax and one-lung ventilation with bronchial blockade in patients undergoing minimally invasive esophagectomy: a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study. J Thorac Dis 2024; 16:1777-1786. [PMID: 38617773 PMCID: PMC11009580 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Two-lung ventilation (TLV) with artificial carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumothorax is used during the thoracoscopic phase of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE). However, the impact of TLV with artificial pneumothorax on postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after MIE is unclear. This study aimed to compare the incidence of early PPCs between TLV with CO2 pneumothorax and one-lung ventilation (OLV) with bronchial blockade in patients undergoing MIE. Methods Five hundred ninety-three patients with esophageal cancer who underwent elective MIE with two-field lymph node dissection were analyzed. Patients in the TLV group were intubated using a single-lumen endotracheal tube and underwent surgery using TLV with artificial CO2 pneumothorax. Patients in the OLV group underwent surgery using OLV with a bronchial blocker. Patient characteristics and intraoperative and PPC data were collected and analyzed. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce confounding bias. Results The TLV and OLV group comprised 513 and 80 patients, respectively. PSM matched 197 TLV group and 73 OLV group patients. Incidence of pneumonia within the first 3 days of surgery was higher in the TLV group (11.7% vs. 4.1%) but the difference was not significant (P=0.06). The incidence of infiltrates on chest radiography was 36.0% in the TLV group and 28.8% in the OLV group (P=0.26). Incidence of other major PPCs requiring treatment and major non-pulmonary postoperative complications did not significantly differ between the groups. Length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the TLV group (13.0 vs. 11.0 days; P=0.03). Conclusions Compared with OLV with bronchial blockade, TLV with CO2 pneumothorax did not reduce the incidence of early PPCs after MIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaonan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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8
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Chen H, Jiang X, Zhu F, Yang R, Yu X, Zhou X, Tang N. Characteristics of the oral and gastric microbiome in patients with early-stage intramucosal esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:88. [PMID: 38491387 PMCID: PMC10941485 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral microbiome dysbacteriosis has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of advanced esophageal cancer. However, few studies investigated the potential role of oral and gastric microbiota in early-stage intramucosal esophageal squamous carcinoma (EIESC). METHOD A total of 104 samples were collected from 31 patients with EIESC and 21 healthy controls. The compositions of oral and gastric microbiota were analyzed using 16 S rRNA V3-V4 amplicon sequencing. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis was performed to assess taxonomic differences between groups. The correlation between oral microbiota and clinicopathological factors was evaluated using Spearman correlation analysis. Additionally, co-occurrence networks were established and random forest models were utilized to identify significant microbial biomarkers for distinguishing between the EIESC and control groups. RESULTS A total of 292 oral genera and 223 species were identified in both EIESC and healthy controls. Six oral genera were remarkably enriched in EIESC groups, including the genera Porphyromonas, Shigella, Subdoligranulum, Leptotrichia, Paludibacter, and Odoribacter. LEfSe analysis identified genera Porphyromonas and Leptotrichia with LDA scores > 3. In the random forest model, Porphyromonas endodontalis ranked the top microbial biomarker to differentiate EIESC from controls. The elimination rate of Porphyromonas endodontalis from the oral cavity to the stomach was also dramatically decreased in the EIESC group than controls. In the microbial co-occurrence network, Porphyromonas endodontalis was positively correlated with Prevotella tannerae and Prevotella intermedia and was negatively correlated with Veillonella dispar. CONCLUSION Our study potentially indicates that the dysbacteriosis of both the oral and gastric microbiome was associated with EIESC. Larger scale studies and experimental animal models are urgently needed to confirm the possible role of microbial dysbacteriosis in the pathogenesis of EIESC. (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Center, ChiCTR2200063464, Registered 07 September 2022, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=178563).
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingzhou Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengyi Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruoyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Nana Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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9
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Etemadi A, Poustchi H, Chang CM, Calafat AM, Blount BC, Bhandari D, Wang L, Roshandel G, Alexandridis A, Botelho JC, Xia B, Wang Y, Sosnoff CS, Feng J, Nalini M, Khoshnia M, Pourshams A, Sotoudeh M, Gail MH, Dawsey SM, Kamangar F, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Abnet CC, Malekzadeh R, Freedman ND. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines and incidence of esophageal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:379-388. [PMID: 37856326 PMCID: PMC10919344 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying carcinogens in tobacco and nontobacco sources may be key to understanding the pathogenesis and geographic distribution of esophageal cancer. METHODS The Golestan Cohort Study has been conducted since 2004 in a region with high rates of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. For this nested study, the cases comprised of all incident cases by January 1, 2018; controls were matched to the case by age, sex, residence, time in cohort, and tobacco use. We measured urinary concentrations of 33 exposure biomarkers of nicotine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for associations between the 90th vs the 10th percentiles of the biomarker concentrations and incident esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. RESULTS Among individuals who did not currently use tobacco (148 cases and 163 controls), 2 acrolein metabolites, 2 acrylonitrile metabolites, 1 propylene oxide metabolite, and one 1,3-butadiene metabolite were significantly associated with incident esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (adjusted odds ratios between 1.8 and 4.3). Among tobacco users (57 cases and 63 controls), metabolites of 2 other volatile organic compounds (styrene and xylene) were associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OR = 6.2 and 9.0, respectively). In tobacco users, 2 tobacco-specific nitrosamines (NNN and N'-Nitrosoanatabine) were also associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Suggestive associations were seen with some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially 2-hydroxynaphthalene) in nonusers of tobacco products and other tobacco-specific nitrosamines in tobacco users. CONCLUSION These novel associations based on individual-level data and samples collected many years before cancer diagnosis, from a population without occupational exposure, have important public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Etemadi
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreaticobilliary Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cindy M Chang
- Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Blount
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deepak Bhandari
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lanqing Wang
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Julianne Cook Botelho
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Baoyun Xia
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuesong Wang
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Connie S Sosnoff
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jun Feng
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mahdi Nalini
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Masoud Khoshnia
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Sotoudeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitchell H Gail
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sanford M Dawsey
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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10
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Mou X, Peng Z, Yin T, Sun X. Non-endoscopic Screening for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Recent Advances. J Gastrointest Cancer 2024; 55:118-128. [PMID: 37924487 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-023-00980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common tumors in the gastrointestinal tract, and China has a high incidence area with a high burden on the disease. As early symptoms of ESCC are not obvious, the mortality rate is high, and it is often diagnosed in the intermediate and advanced stages. However, early screening and treatment may reduce morbidity and mortality. METHODS Screening methods are divided into endoscopic and non-endoscopic screening. RESULTS Endoscopic screening cannot be widely used because of its invasive nature and high cost. Currently, non-endoscopic screening consists primarily of tumor biomarkers and cytology, and tumor biomarkers including autoantibodies, circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, exosomes and serum metabolomics are more likely to be effective. But the efficiency of early diagnosis of esophageal cancer is low and the accuracy of screening needs to be improved. The aim of this study is to summarize advances in non-endoscopic esophageal cancer screening and strategies to provide a scientific basis and research idea for esophageal cancer prevention and control. CONCLUSIONS Non-endoscopic screening is better than endoscopic screening. And the application of tumor biomarkers is much better than other non-endoscopic screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Mou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhenglin Peng
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Yin
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingwang Sun
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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11
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Wang S, Zheng R, Li J, Zeng H, Li L, Chen R, Sun K, Han B, Bray F, Wei W, He J. Global, regional, and national lifetime risks of developing and dying from gastrointestinal cancers in 185 countries: a population-based systematic analysis of GLOBOCAN. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 9:229-237. [PMID: 38185129 PMCID: PMC10849975 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal cancers account for a quarter of the global cancer incidence and a third of cancer-related deaths. We sought to estimate the lifetime risks of developing and dying from gastrointestinal cancers at the country, world region, and global levels in 2020. METHODS For this population-based systematic analysis, we obtained estimates of gastrointestinal cancer incidence and mortality rates from GLOBOCAN for 185 countries, alongside all-cause mortality and population data from the UN. Countries were categorised into quartiles of the Human Development Index (HDI). The lifetime risk of gastrointestinal cancers was estimated with a standard method that adjusts for multiple primaries, taking into account competing risks of death from causes other than cancer and life expectancy. FINDINGS The global lifetime risks of developing and dying from gastrointestinal cancers from birth to death was 8·20% (95% CI 8·18-8·21) and 6·17% (6·16-6·18) in 2020. For men, the risk of developing gastrointestinal cancers was 9·53% (95% CI 9·51-9·55) and of dying from them 7·23% (7·22-7·25); for women, the risk of developing gastrointestinal cancers was 6·84% (6·82-6·85) and of dying from them 5·09% (5·08-5·10). Colorectal cancer presented the highest risk, accounting for 38·5% of the total lifetime risk of developing, and 28·2% of dying from, gastrointestinal cancers, followed by cancers of the stomach, liver, oesophagus, pancreas, and gallbladder. Eastern Asia has the highest lifetime risks for cancers of the stomach, liver, oesophagus, and gallbladder, Australia and New Zealand for colorectal cancer, and Western Europe for pancreatic cancer. The lifetime risk of gastrointestinal cancers increased consistently with increasing level of HDI; however, high HDI countries (the third HDI quartile) had the highest death risk. INTERPRETATION The global lifetime risk of gastrointestinal cancers translates to one in 12 people developing, and one in 16 people dying from, gastrointestinal cancers. The identified high risk and observed disparities across countries warrants context-specific targeted gastrointestinal cancer control and health systems planning. FUNDING Beijing Nova Program, CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences, and Talent Incentive Program of Cancer Hospital, CAMS (Hope Star).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoming Wang
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rongshou Zheng
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayue Li
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Zeng
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Chen
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Sun
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bingfeng Han
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Wenqiang Wei
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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12
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Feng Z, Zhang T, Cheng S, Yin X, Zhou Y. CircGFPT1 regulates the growth and apoptosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through miR-142-5p/HAX1 axis. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 72:41-54. [PMID: 37455293 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-023-01955-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, multiple circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been verified to act as essential regulators in the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, there is no study regarding the role of circGFPT1 in the progression of cancers including ESCC. We aimed to investigate the role of circGFPT1 in ESCC progression. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was utilized to measure the expression of circGFPT1, miR-142-5p and HS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX1). 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays were employed to evaluate cell proliferation. Cell migration and invasion were detected by wound-healing and transwell assays. Flow cytometry analysis was conducted to assess cell apoptosis. The protein expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, C-caspase3, HAX1 and nuclear proliferation marker (Ki67) was analyzed by western blot or immunohistochemistry assay. RESULTS CircGFPT1 was up-regulated in ESCC tissues and cells. Silencing of circGFPT1 repressed cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in ESCC cells. CircGFPT1 acted as a sponge of miR-142-5p. The effects of circGFPT1 knockdown on ESCC cell proliferation and apoptosis were reversed by miR-142-5p inhibition. HAX1 was confirmed to be a target gene of miR-142-5p. CircGFPT1 knockdown inhibited HAX1 expression by targeting miR-142-5p. Additionally, circGFPT1 knockdown hampered tumorigenesis in vivo. CONCLUSION CircGFPT1 promoted ESCC cell growth and repressed apoptosis by up-regulating HAX1 through sponging miR-142-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, No. 1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an City, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, No. 1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an City, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaoyi Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, No. 1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an City, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xunliang Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, No. 1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an City, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongan Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, No. 1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an City, 710000, Shaanxi, China.
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13
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Iserhard R, Pilar EFS, de Oliveira FH, Callegari-Jacques SM, Ferst P, Visioli F, Lopes AB, da Costa Lopez PL, Filippi-Chiela EC. Autophagy and nuclear morphometry are associated with histopathologic features in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:39-52. [PMID: 37878028 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Less than 15% of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) survive 5 years after diagnosis. A better understanding of the biology of these tumors and the development of clinical biomarkers is needed. Autophagy is a physiological mechanism involved in the turnover of cellular components that plays a key role in cancer. This study evaluated the differential levels of three key regulators of autophagy (SQSTM1, MAP1LC3B, and BECN1) in patients with ESCC, associating autophagy with histopathologic features, including the grade of differentiation, mitotic rate, inflammation score, and the intensity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Nuclear morphometry of the tumor parenchyma was also assessed, associating it with autophagy and histopathology. All three markers significantly increased in patients with ESCC compared to the control group. Based on the mean expression of each protein in the control group, 57% of patients with ESCC had high levels of all three markers compared to control patients (14%). The most frequent profiles found in ESCC were BECNhigh/MAP1LC3high and BECNhigh/SQSTM1high. According to the TCGA database, we found that the main autophagy genes were upregulated in ESCC. Moreover, high levels of autophagy markers were associated with a poor prognosis. Considering nuclear morphometry, ESCC samples showed a significant reduction in nuclear area, which was strongly negatively correlated with autophagy. Finally, the percentage of normal nuclei was associated with tumor differentiation, while poorly differentiated tumors showed lower SQSTM1 levels. ESCC progression may involve increased autophagy and changes in nuclear structure, associated with clinically relevant histopathological features. KEY MESSAGES: Autophagy markers are co-increased in primary ESCC. Autophagy negatively correlates with nuclear morphometry in ESCC parenchyma. Autophagy and nuclear morphometry are associated with histopathological features. Autophagy is increased in ESCC-TCGA database and associated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Iserhard
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paula Ferst
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Antonio Barros Lopes
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Luciana da Costa Lopez
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Cremonese Filippi-Chiela
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Center for Biotechnology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Department of Morphological Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - Experimental Research Center, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, RS, 2350, 90035-903, Brazil.
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14
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Hashemian M, Poustchi H, Sharafkhah M, Pourshams A, Mohammadi-Nasrabadi F, Hekmatdoost A, Malekzadeh R. Iron, Copper, and Magnesium Concentration in Hair and Risk of Esophageal Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2023; 26:665-670. [PMID: 38431946 PMCID: PMC10915918 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association has already been hypothesized between iron, copper, and magnesium status assessed through food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, self-reported dietary assessment methods are prone to measurement errors. We studied the association between iron, copper, and magnesium status and ESCC risk, using hair samples as a long exposure biomarker. METHODS We designed a nested case-control study within the Golestan Cohort Study, that recruited about 50000 participants in 2004-2008, and collected biospecimens at baseline. We identified 96 incident cases of ESCC with available hair samples. They were age-matched with cancer-free controls from the cohort. We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure iron, copper, and magnesium concentrations in hair samples. We used multiple logistic regression models to determine odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Median concentrations of iron, copper, and magnesium were 35.4, 19.3, and 41.7 ppm in cases and 25.8, 18.3, and 50.0 ppm in controls, respectively. Iron was significantly associated with the risk of ESCC in continuous analysis (OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.03-1.92), but not in the tertiles analyses (ORT3 vs. T1=1.81, 95% CI=0.77-4.28). No associations were observed between copper and magnesium and ESCC risk, in either the tertiles models or the continuous estimate (copper: ORT3 vs. T1=2.56, 95% CI=1.00-6.54; magnesium: ORT3 vs. T1=0.75, 95% CI=0.32-1.78). CONCLUSION Higher iron status may be related to a higher risk of ESCC in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hashemian
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Biology Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Utica University, Utica, NY, USA
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sharafkhah
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadi-Nasrabadi
- Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (NNFTRI), Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Liu Q, Wang L, He D, Wu Y, Liu X, Yang Y, Chen Z, Dong Z, Luo Y, Song Y. Application Value of Antimicrobial Peptides in Gastrointestinal Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16718. [PMID: 38069041 PMCID: PMC10706433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer is a common clinical malignant tumor disease that seriously endangers human health and lacks effective treatment methods. As part of the innate immune defense of many organisms, antimicrobial peptides not only have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity but also can specifically kill tumor cells. The positive charge of antimicrobial peptides under neutral conditions determines their high selectivity to tumor cells. In addition, antimicrobial peptides also have unique anticancer mechanisms, such as inducing apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, membrane destruction, and inhibition of metastasis, which highlights the low drug resistance and high specificity of antimicrobial peptides. In this review, we summarize the related studies on antimicrobial peptides in the treatment of digestive tract tumors, mainly oral cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. This paper describes the therapeutic advantages of antimicrobial peptides due to their unique anticancer mechanisms. The length, net charge, and secondary structure of antimicrobial peptides can be modified by design or modification to further enhance their anticancer effects. In summary, as an emerging cancer treatment drug, antimicrobial peptides need to be further studied to realize their application in gastrointestinal cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Dongxia He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuewei Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xian Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yahan Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhizhi Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhan Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ying Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuzhu Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Medical College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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16
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Tu M, Yin X, Zhuang W, Lin X, Xia Y, Huang Z, Zheng Y, Huang Y. NSG1 promotes glycolytic metabolism to enhance Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma EMT process by upregulating TGF-β. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:391. [PMID: 37872157 PMCID: PMC10593808 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As a highly enriched endosomal protein within neuronal cells, NSG1 has been discovered to facilitate the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the precise mechanisms behind this phenomenon have yet to be elucidated. The pivotal role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in triggering the EMT and its significant contribution towards tumor metabolic reprogramming-responsible for EMT activation-has been robustly established. Nevertheless, the extent of TGF-β involvement in the NSG1-mediated EMT within ESCC and the processes through which metabolic reprogramming participates remain ambiguous. We accessed an array of extensive public genome databases to analyze NSG1 expression in ESCC. Regulation of TGF-β by NSG1 was analyzed by transcriptome sequencing, quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR), co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP), and immunofluorescence (IF). Additionally, cellular functional assays and western blot analyses were conducted to elucidate the effect of NSG1 on TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, as well as its role in ESCC cell metastasis and proliferation. We validated the influence of the NSG1/TGF-β axis on metabolic reprogramming in ESCC by measuring extracellular acidification, glucose uptake, and lactate production. Our findings identify an oncogenic role for NSG1 in ESCC and show a correlation between high NSG1 expression and poor prognosis in ESCC patients. Additional research indicated TGF-β's involvement in the NSG1-induced EMT process. From a mechanistic perspective, NSG1 upregulates TGF-β, activating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and subsequently fostering the EMT process by inducing cell metabolic reprogramming-evident from elevated glycolysis levels. In conclusion, our study highlights the NSG1/TGF-β axis as a promising therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshu Tu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wanzhen Zhuang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhixin Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
- Central Laboratory, Center for Experimental Research in Clinical Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuzhou, China.
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17
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Xue M, Tong Y, Xiong Y, Yu C. Role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the progression, therapeutic resistance and targeted therapy of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1257266. [PMID: 37927475 PMCID: PMC10623436 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1257266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive malignant tumours with high morbidity and mortality. Although surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are common treatment options available for oesophageal cancer, the 5-year survival rate remains low after treatment. On the one hand, many oesophageal cancers are are discovered at an advanced stage and, on the other hand, treatment resistance is a major obstacle to treating locally advanced ESCC. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the main type of stromal cell in the tumour microenvironment, enhance tumour progression and treatment resistance and have emerged as a major focus of study on targeted therapy of oesophageal cancer.With the aim of providing potential, prospective targets for improving therapeutic efficacy, this review summarises the origin and activation of CAFs and their specific role in regulating tumour progression and treatment resistance in ESCC. We also emphasize the clinical potential and emerging trends of ESCC CAFs-targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Changhua Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
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18
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Van Loon K, Mmbaga EJ, Mushi BP, Selekwa M, Mwanga A, Akoko LO, Mwaiselage J, Mosha I, Ng DL, Wu W, Silverstein J, Mulima G, Kaimila B, Gopal S, Snell JM, Benz SC, Vaske C, Sanborn Z, Sedgewick AJ, Radenbaugh A, Newton Y, Collisson EA. A Genomic Analysis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Eastern Africa. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1411-1420. [PMID: 37505926 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) comprises 90% of all esophageal cancer cases globally and is the most common histology in low-resource settings. Eastern Africa has a disproportionately high incidence of ESCC. METHODS We describe the genomic profiles of 61 ESCC cases from Tanzania and compare them to profiles from an existing cohort of ESCC cases from Malawi. We also provide a comparison to ESCC tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RESULTS We observed substantial transcriptional overlap with other squamous histologies via comparison with TCGA PanCan dataset. DNA analysis revealed known mutational patterns, both genome-wide as well as in genes known to be commonly mutated in ESCC. TP53 mutations were the most common somatic mutation in tumors from both Tanzania and Malawi but were detected at lower frequencies than previously reported in ESCC cases from other settings. In a combined analysis, two unique transcriptional clusters were identified: a proliferative/epithelial cluster and an invasive/migrative/mesenchymal cluster. Mutational signature analysis of the Tanzanian cohort revealed common signatures associated with aging and cytidine deaminase activity (APOBEC) and an absence of signature 29, which was previously reported in the Malawi cohort. CONCLUSIONS This study defines the molecular characteristics of ESCC in Tanzania, and enriches the Eastern African dataset, with findings of overall similarities but also some heterogeneity across two unique sites. IMPACT Despite a high burden of ESCC in Eastern Africa, investigations into the genomics in this region are nascent. This represents the largest comprehensive genomic analysis ESCC from sub-Saharan Africa to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Van Loon
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Elia J Mmbaga
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Beatrice P Mushi
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Msiba Selekwa
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ally Mwanga
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Larry O Akoko
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Dianna L Ng
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Wei Wu
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Jordyn Silverstein
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Satish Gopal
- UNC Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jeff M Snell
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Zack Sanborn
- NantOmics/NantHealth, Inc., El Segundo, California
| | | | | | - Yulia Newton
- NantOmics/NantHealth, Inc., El Segundo, California
| | - Eric A Collisson
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
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19
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Sun M, Li Z, Wang X, Zhao M, Chu Y, Zhang Z, Fang K, Zhao Z, Feng A, Leng Z, Shi J, Zhang L, Chen T, Xu M. TAOK3 Facilitates Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression and Cisplatin Resistance Through Augmenting Autophagy Mediated by IRGM. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300864. [PMID: 37705061 PMCID: PMC10582451 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the deadliest cancers because of its robust aggressive phenotype and chemoresistance. TAO kinase belongs to mitogen-activated protein kinases, which mediate drug resistance in multiple cancers. However, the role of TAO kinase in ESCC progression and chemoresistance has never been explored. Here, it is reported that TAOK3 augments cell autophagy and further promotes ESCC progression and chemoresistance. Mechanistically, TAOK3 phosphorylates KMT2C at S4588 and strengthens the interaction between KMT2C and ETV5. Consequently, the nuclear translocation of KMT2C is increased, and the transcription of autophagy-relevant gene IRGM is further upregulated. Additionally, the inhibitor SBI-581 can significantly suppress cell autophagy mediated by TAOK3 and synergizes with cisplatin to treat ESCC in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchuang Sun
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Zhaoxing Li
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Shanghai East HospitalJinzhou Medical UniversityLiaoning121001China
| | - Yuan Chu
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Kang Fang
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Ziying Zhao
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Anqi Feng
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Zhuyun Leng
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Jianing Shi
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of PathologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Tao Chen
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Meidong Xu
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
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20
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Simba H, Kuivaniemi H, Abnet CC, Tromp G, Sewram V. Environmental and life-style risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1782. [PMID: 37710248 PMCID: PMC10500769 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The African Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) corridor, which spans from Ethiopia down to South Africa, is an esophageal cancer hotspot. Disproportionately high incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer have been reported from this region. The aim of this study was to systematically assess the evidence on environmental and life-style risk factors associated with ESCC in African populations. METHODS We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and carried out a comprehensive search of all African published studies up to March 2023 using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and African Index Medicus databases. RESULTS We identified 45 studies with measures of association [odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI)], which reported on several environmental and lifestyle risk factors for ESCC in Africa. We performed a meta-analysis on 38 studies investigating tobacco, alcohol use, combined tobacco and alcohol use, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure, hot food and beverages consumption (which served as a proxy for esophageal injury through exposure to high temperature), and poor oral health. We found significant associations between all the risk factors and ESCC development. Analysis of fruit and vegetable consumption showed a protective effect. Using population attributable fraction (PAF) analysis, we calculated the proportion of ESCC attributable to tobacco (18%), alcohol use (12%), combined tobacco and alcohol use (18%), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure (12%), hot food and beverages intake (16%), poor oral health (37%), and fruit and vegetable consumption (-12%). CONCLUSIONS Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption were the most studied risk factors overall. Areas where there is an emerging body of evidence include hot food and beverages and oral health. Concurrently, new avenues of research are also emerging in PAH exposure, and diet as risk factors. Our results point to a multifactorial etiology of ESCC in African populations with further evidence on prevention potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Simba
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.
- African Cancer Institute, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Helena Kuivaniemi
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - Gerard Tromp
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Vikash Sewram
- African Cancer Institute, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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21
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Simba H, Mmbaga BT, Serventi F, Mremi A, Motlhale M, Espina C, Mwasamwaja A, Schuz J, McCormack V, Prah E. Why Am I Ill? Beliefs in Supernatural and Natural Causes of Ill Health at the Time of Diagnostic Workup of Patients With Esophageal Cancer in Tanzania. JCO Glob Oncol 2023; 9:e2300100. [PMID: 37883724 PMCID: PMC10846787 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE An understanding of the cultural and context-specific perceptions of the causes of cancer is an important prerequisite for designing effective primary health prevention and early detection strategies. We aimed to use the Murdock Ill Health Theoretical Model to conceptualize views on illness causation among dysphagia-suffering patients undergoing diagnostic workup for esophageal cancer (EC) in Tanzania. METHODS At the end of a structured interview on lifestyle habits, patients with suspected EC were asked about beliefs on the reasons behind their illness through (1) a set of questions with fixed binary answers, whose determinants were analyzed using logistic regression, and (2) a single question with free-text answers. Responses were coded using a hierarchy of natural and supernatural (godly and social constructs) causes. RESULTS Among 322 patients interviewed between November 2015 and December 2019, we found complex and varied views about the origins of their illness. Overall, 49% of patients attributed illness to natural causes and 39% to supernatural causes. Natural causes ranged from infection, use of alcohol and tobacco, other ailments, and the environment. The supernatural causes included attributing illness to God, curses, and spells from personal acquaintances. Belief in supernatural causes was more common in the less educated and those who sought help first via a traditional healer. CONCLUSION The results underscore the need for increased community awareness of biomedical causes of ill health and patient-based participatory research to inform prevention programs. The results also highlight the importance of building health systems that support a series of health-seeking behaviors that acknowledge both biomedical and local traditional healing belief systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Simba
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
- Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Blandina T. Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre and Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Furaha Serventi
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre and Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Alex Mremi
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre and Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Melitah Motlhale
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Carolina Espina
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Amos Mwasamwaja
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre and Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Joachim Schuz
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Valerie McCormack
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Efua Prah
- Department of Anthropology and Development Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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22
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Chen WC, Wu CC, Liu YP, Zhuo GY, Wang YK, Chen YH, Chen CC, Wang YH, Wu MT, Wu IC. Elafin as a Prognostic Marker in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Pilot Study Using Three-Dimensional Imaging and Genomic Profiling. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3825. [PMID: 37568641 PMCID: PMC10417143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancers are globally the sixth deadliest malignancy, with limited curative options. The association of high serum elafin levels, a molecule produced by epithelial cells, with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) risk is established, but its link to poor ESCC prognosis remains unclear. To explore this question, we first used three-dimensional confocal imaging to create a model of the spatial distribution of elafin inside locoregional ESCC tissues. Then, after analyzing data obtained from whole-genome microarrays for ESCC cell lines and their more invasive sublines, we performed in vitro experiments using RNA sequencing to identify possible elafin-related pathways. Three-dimensional tissue imaging showed elafin distributed as an interweaved-like fibrous structure in the stroma of tissue obtained from patients with high serum levels of elafin and poorer prognoses. By contrast, the signal was confined inside or around the tumor nest in patients who had lower serum levels and better survival. The analysis of a TCGA dataset revealed that higher levels of elafin mRNA in stage I-IIIA ESCC patients were associated with shorter survival. The in vitro studies revealed that elafin promoted ESCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway. Thus, elafin inhibition could potentially be used therapeutically to improve survival in patients with locoregional ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chung Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (M.-T.W.)
| | - Chun-Chieh Wu
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-K.W.)
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Guan-Yu Zhuo
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Kuang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-K.W.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Hsun Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Chu-Chih Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-H.W.)
| | - Yin-Han Wang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-H.W.)
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (M.-T.W.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-K.W.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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23
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Shen Y, Yang K, Ma Q, Qiao Y, Shi J, Wang Y, Xu L, Yang B, Ge G, Hu L, Kong X, Yang C, Chen Y, Ding J, Meng L. Intact regulation of G1/S transition renders esophageal squamous cell carcinoma sensitive to PI3Kα inhibitors. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:153. [PMID: 37041169 PMCID: PMC10090078 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase alpha (PI3Kα) inhibitors are currently evaluated for the therapy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). It is of great importance to identify potential biomarkers to predict or monitor the efficacy of PI3Kα inhibitors in an aim to improve the clinical responsive rate in ESCC. Here, ESCC PDXs with CCND1 amplification were found to be more sensitive to CYH33, a novel PI3Kα-selective inhibitor currently in clinical trials for the treatment of advanced solid tumors including ESCC. Elevated level of cyclin D1, p21 and Rb was found in CYH33-sensitive ESCC cells compared to those in resistant cells. CYH33 significantly arrested sensitive cells but not resistant cells at G1 phase, which was associated with accumulation of p21 and suppression of Rb phosphorylation by CDK4/6 and CDK2. Hypo-phosphorylation of Rb attenuated the transcriptional activation of SKP2 by E2F1, which in turn hindered SKP2-mediated degradation of p21 and reinforced accumulation of p21. Moreover, CDK4/6 inhibitors sensitized resistant ESCC cells and PDXs to CYH33. These findings provided mechanistic rationale to evaluate PI3Kα inhibitors in ESCC patients harboring amplified CCND1 and the combined regimen with CDK4/6 inhibitors in ESCC with proficient Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yanyan Shen
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kang Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qingyang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuemei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jiajie Shi
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lan Xu
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Biyu Yang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Gaoxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Landian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiangyin Kong
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chunhao Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Linghua Meng
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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24
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Zhu H, Wang Z, Deng B, Mo M, Wang H, Chen K, Wu H, Ye T, Wang B, Ai D, Hao S, Tseng I, Zhao K. Epidemiological landscape of esophageal cancer in Asia: Results from GLOBOCAN 2020. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:992-1003. [PMID: 36918204 PMCID: PMC10101841 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer (EC) is a global health problem. Asia represents a huge burden of EC globally, and incidence and mortality vary considerably across different Asian regions. METHODS Data on incidence, mortality, and preference were extracted from GLOBOCAN 2020. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated overall by sex, age, country, region, and continent. The predicted burden of incidence and mortality in 2040 was calculated based on global demographic projections. RESULTS It was estimated there were 481 552 new cases of and 434 363 deaths from EC in Asia in 2020, accounting for 79.7% and 79.8% of world EC cases and deaths, respectively. EC incidence and mortality in Asia ranked the highest among all continents. Eastern Asia represents the highest age-standardized world incidence rate (ASWIR) of 12.3 per 100 000 for all Asian regions. Western Asia represents the lowest ASWIR of 1.7 per 100 000, accounting for 0.7% of the globe. There exist obvious differences in epidemiological features in Asian countries, including incidence, mortality, prevalence, and mortality incidence ratio. There is forecast to be up to 781 000 new cases of EC in Asia by 2040, with increasing rates of 63% for incidence and 72% for mortality from 2020. CONCLUSIONS Asia has an increasing number of EC cases and deaths. Strategies for targeting in high-incidence areas, the elderly, and survival should be prioritized to reduce the global EC burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zezhou Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingbin Deng
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Miao Mo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Honggang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endoscopy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoxuan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Boyan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dashan Ai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shennan Hao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ihsuan Tseng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuaile Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
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25
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Hirose T, Yamamoto S, Kato K. Pembrolizumab for first-line treatment of advanced unresectable or metastatic esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 16:17562848221148250. [PMID: 36644131 PMCID: PMC9837289 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221148250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the seventh most common malignancy worldwide. Although systemic chemotherapy is the standard treatment for advanced EC, the available cytotoxic agents have limited efficacy. Pembrolizumab, a humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin G4 antibody that inhibits programmed cell death protein 1, has recently been developed for the treatment of patients with advanced EC. In the KEYNOTE-181 trial, pembrolizumab achieved a clinical meaningful overall survival benefit over chemotherapy alone when used as second-line treatment in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who had a combined positive score ⩾10 for expression of programmed death ligand 1. Furthermore, KEYNOTE-590 showed that pembrolizumab + chemotherapy was more effective than chemotherapy alone as first-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced EC. Accordingly, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) chemotherapy has become the standard first-line treatment for advanced EC. The use of ICIs in primary therapy has helped to improve the prognosis, especially for ESCC. Moreover, in CheckMate 577, patients who received postoperative nivolumab therapy had a reduced risk of recurrence, and the ability of preoperative ICI chemotherapy to reduce the incidence of recurrence is now under investigation. This review outlines the evidence for use of pembrolizumab as a first-line treatment for advanced unresectable or metastatic EC, summarizes the ongoing research on ICI combination chemotherapy, and discusses the associated issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Hirose
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Yamamoto
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Pre-existing and new-onset depression among patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery: a nationwide cohort study in South Korea. Esophagus 2023; 20:55-62. [PMID: 35904644 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-022-00947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is believed to be related to psychological stress. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and risk factors for new-onset depression after esophageal cancer surgery among patients who had no pre-existing depression. In addition, we examined whether pre-existing depression affected postoperative 1-year mortality. METHODS The National Health Insurance Service database in South Korea was used for data extraction in this population-based cohort study. This study included all adult patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer who underwent esophageal surgery between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2018. RESULTS A total of 7039 adult patients who underwent esophageal cancer surgery at 95 South Korean hospitals were included in the analyses. Of the total, 608 patients (8.6%) were diagnosed with new-onset depression within 1 year after esophageal cancer surgery. Female sex, adjuvant chemotherapy, increased Charlson comorbidity index, pre-existing anxiety disorder, and pre-existing insomnia disorder were potential risk factors for new-onset depression. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, the pre-existing depression group showed a 1.27-fold (hazard ratio: 1.27; 95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.48; P = 0.004) higher risk of 1-year all-cause mortality than those who had no pre-existing depression. CONCLUSION In South Korea, 8.6% of patients are newly diagnosed with depression after esophageal cancer surgery, and some potential risk factors have been identified. Moreover, pre-existing depression was associated with increased 1-year all-cause mortality. Patients with esophageal cancer and pre-existing depression may be at high risk, requiring interventions after esophageal cancer surgery.
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Kim Y, Yamamoto S, Kato K. Profile of Nivolumab in the Treatment of Resected Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review of the Clinical Data. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:399-406. [PMID: 37197006 PMCID: PMC10183349 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s390499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the seventh most common malignancy globally. There are two main histological subtypes: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma. ESCC is the predominant histological type of esophageal cancer worldwide and has worse prognosis than esophageal adenocarcinoma. However, effective treatment for patients with ESCC remains limited. Moreover, the risk of recurrence remains high in patients with resectable ESCC even with perioperative multidisciplinary treatment, such as chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy. Nivolumab, a human monoclonal immunoglobulin G4 antibody that inhibits programmed cell death protein 1, has recently been identified as a potential treatment for patients with metastatic esophageal cancer based on the results of the ATTRACTION-3 and CheckMate 648 trials. The CheckMate 577 trial showed survival benefits of postoperative nivolumab monotherapy compared with placebo in patients with resectable locally advanced esophageal cancer who did not achieve a pathological complete response after preoperative chemoradiotherapy. In this review, we discuss the data on the efficacy and safety of postoperative nivolumab and share future perspectives on immune checkpoint inhibitors as perioperative therapy for patients with locally advanced ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntae Kim
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Yamamoto
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Kato
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence: Ken Kato, Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan, Tel +81-3-3542-2511, Fax +81-3-3542-3815, Email
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Feng R, Su Q, Huang X, Basnet T, Xu X, Ye W. Cancer situation in China: what does the China cancer map indicate from the first national death survey to the latest cancer registration? Cancer Commun (Lond) 2023; 43:75-86. [PMID: 36397729 PMCID: PMC9859730 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past four decades, the Chinese government has conducted three surveys on the distribution of causes of death and built cancer registration. In order to shine a new light on better cancer prevention strategies in China, we evaluated the profile of cancer mortality over the forty years and analyzed the policies that have been implemented. METHODS We described spatial and temporal changes in both cancer mortality and the ranking of major cancer types in China based on the data collected from three national surveys during 1973-1975, 1990-1992, 2004-2005, and the latest cancer registration data published by National Central Cancer Registry of China. The mortality data were compared after conversion to age-standardized mortality rates based on the world standard population (Segi's population). The geographical distribution characteristics were explored by marking hot spots of different cancers on the map of China. RESULTS From 1973 to 2016, China witnessed an evident decrease in mortality rate of stomach, esophageal, and cervical cancer, while a gradual increase was recorded in lung, colorectal, and female breast cancer. A slight decrease of mortality rate has been observed in liver cancer since 2004. Lung and liver cancer, however, have become the top two leading causes of cancer death for the last twenty years. From the three national surveys, similar profiles of leading causes of cancer death were observed among both urban and rural areas. Lower mortality rates from esophageal and stomach cancer, however, have been demonstrated in urban than in rural areas. Rural areas had similar mortality rates of the five leading causes of cancer death with the small urban areas in 1973-1975. Additionally, rural areas in 2016 also had approximate mortality rates of the five leading causes with urban areas in 2004-2005. Moreover, stomach, esophageal, and liver cancer showed specific geographical distributions. Although mortality rates have decreased at most of the hotspots of these cancers, they were still higher than the national average levels during the same time periods. CONCLUSIONS Building up a strong primary public health system especially among rural areas may be one critical step to reduce cancer burden in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimei Feng
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiP. R. China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianP. R. China
| | - Qingling Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianP. R. China
| | - Xiaoyin Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianP. R. China
| | - Til Basnet
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianP. R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianP. R. China
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianP. R. China
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
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Wang C, Zhou M, Zhu P, Ju C, Sheng J, Du D, Wan J, Yin H, Xing Y, Li H, He J, He F. IGF2BP2-induced circRUNX1 facilitates the growth and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through miR-449b-5p/FOXP3 axis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:347. [PMID: 36522683 PMCID: PMC9753396 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common digestive malignancies with relatively high morbidity and mortality. Emerging evidence suggests circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles in tumor cell malignancy. However, the biological function and clinical significance of many circRNAs in ESCC remain elusive. METHODS The expression level and clinical implication of circRUNX1 in ESCC tissues were evaluated using qRT-PCR. In vitro and in vivo functional studies were conducted to investigate the underlying biological effects of circRUNX1 on ESCC cell growth and metastasis. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays, dual-luciferase reporter assays, and rescue experiments were performed to explore the relationships between circRUNX1, miR-449b-5p, Forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3), and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2). RESULTS CircRUNX1 was found to be significantly up-regulated in ESCC tissues and associated with TNM stage and differentiation grade. Functionally, circRUNX1 promoted ESCC cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. CircRUNX1 enhanced FOXP3 expression by competitively sponging miR-449b-5p. Notably, both miR-449b-5p mimics and FOXP3 knockdown restored the effects of circRUNX1 overexpression on cell proliferation and metastasis. Furthermore, IGF2BP2 binding to circRUNX1 prevented its degradation. CONCLUSIONS IGF2BP2 mediated circRUNX1 functions as an oncogenic factor to facilitate ESCC progression through the miR-449b-5p/FOXP3 axis, implying that circRUNX1 has the potential to be a promising diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mingxia Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Peiyu Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chenxi Ju
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jinxiu Sheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Dan Du
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Junhu Wan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Huiqing Yin
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yurong Xing
- Center of Health Examination, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hongle Li
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China.
| | - Jing He
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Fucheng He
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Gui Z, Hu W, Kong Q, Liu C, Xu Y, Wang F. Esophageal stenosis as an independent factor of poor prognosis in patients with ESCC treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy. Future Oncol 2022; 18:4193-4207. [PMID: 36651337 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the clinical outcome and elucidate the prognostic factors in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Patients: Data for patients newly diagnosed with ESCC receiving definitive CRT at our institution between 2012 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 201 patients were included. Severe stenosis after radiotherapy was an independent factor relevant to prognosis. Maximal esophageal wall thickness, short-term responses, severe stenosis at diagnosis and a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were independent risk factors for the occurrence of severe stenosis after radiotherapy. Conclusion: Severe stenosis after radiotherapy is a useful predictive indicator in patients with ESCC receiving definitive CRT. Further studies are needed to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxuan Gui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Second People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuechen Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
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Micro-climatic variations across Malawi have a greater influence on contamination of maize with aflatoxins than with fumonisins. Mycotoxin Res 2022; 39:33-44. [PMID: 36443622 PMCID: PMC10156841 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-022-00471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study reports levels of aflatoxin and fumonisin in maize samples (n = 1294) from all agroecological zones (AEZs) in Malawi. Most maize samples (> 75%) were contaminated with aflatoxins and 45% with fumonisins, which co-occurred in 38% of the samples. Total aflatoxins varied across the AEZs, according to mean annual temperature (P < 0.05) of the AEZs. Samples from the lower Shire AEZ (median = 20.8 µg/kg) had higher levels of aflatoxins (P < 0.05) than those from the other AEZs (median = 3.0 µg/kg). Additionally, the majority (75%) of the positive samples from the lower Shire AEZ had aflatoxin levels exceeding the EU regulatory limit (4 µg/kg), whereas 25%, 37%, and 39% of positive samples exceeded the threshold in the mid-elevation, Lake Shore and upper and middle Shire, and highlands AEZs, respectively. The lower Shire AEZ is characterised by higher mean temperatures throughout the year and low erratic rainfall. However, total fumonisins did not show significant variation across AEZs, but all positive samples exceeded 150 µg/kg, required for tolerable daily intake of 1.0 µg/kg body weight per day, established by the European Food Safety Authority Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain. Therefore, results of this study suggest that contamination of maize with aflatoxin responds to micro-climate more than with fumonisins. In addition, the data will be useful to public health policy-makers and stakeholders to articulate and implement monitoring and mitigation programs.
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Harada K, Yamamoto S, Kato K. Pembrolizumab: first anti-PD-1/L1-based regimen for first-line treatment of advanced esophageal cancer in Japan. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:1333-1338. [PMID: 36266954 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2138327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Esophageal cancer (EC) is the ninth most common cancer in Japanese men. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the major histological type and accounts for 90% of EC cases in Japan. The prognosis of advanced ESCC remains poor. The standard treatment for advanced ESCC was palliative chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy. After failure of first-line chemotherapy, taxanes were used as second-line chemotherapy. Recently, pembrolizumab monotherapy has demonstrated benefits as a second-line treatment in patients with advanced ESCC and a combined positive score of ≥10. Survival was found to be improved in patients with advanced EC who received first-line treatment with pembrolizumab plus doublet chemotherapy than in those who received doublet chemotherapy alone. AREAS COVERED This overview of immune checkpoint inhibitors focuses on pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy and shares key clinical data relevant to the treatment of patients with EC in Japan. EXPERT OPINION Pembrolizumab plus doublet chemotherapy is now an established first-line treatment for advanced EC in Japan. Recently, nivolumab plus doublet chemotherapy and nivolumab plus ipilimumab have also become first-line treatment options for patients with advanced ESCC. Further investigations are needed to identify biomarkers that would be useful for selecting candidates for these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Harada
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Yamamoto
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Kato
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Aiolfi A, Sozzi A, Bonitta G, Lombardo F, Cavalli M, Cirri S, Campanelli G, Danelli P, Bona D. Linear- versus circular-stapled esophagogastric anastomosis during esophagectomy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2022; 407:3297-3309. [PMID: 36242619 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-022-02706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different techniques have been described for esophagogastric anastomosis. Over the past decades, surgeons have been improving anastomotic techniques with a gradual shift from hand-sewn to stapled anastomosis. Nowadays, circular-stapled (CS) and linear-stapled (LS) anastomosis are commonly used during esophagectomy. METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to June 2022. The included studies evaluated short-term outcomes for LS vs. CS anastomosis in patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer. Primary outcomes were anastomotic leak (AL) and stricture (AS). Risk ratio (RR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) were used as pooled effect size measures whereas 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were used to assess relative inference. RESULTS Eighteen studies (2861 patients) were included. Overall, 1371 (47.9%) underwent CS while 1490 (52.1%) LS. Compared to CS, LS was associated with a significantly reduced RR for AL (RR = 0.70; 95% CI 0.54-0.91; p < 0.01) and AS (RR = 0.32; 95% CI 0.20-0.51; p < 0.0001). Stratified subgroup analysis according to the level of anastomosis (cervical and thoracic) still shows a tendency toward reduced risk for LS. No differences were found for pneumonia (RR 0.78; p = 0.12), reflux esophagitis (RR 0.74; p = 0.36), operative time (SMD -0.25; p = 0.16), hospital length of stay (SMD 0.13; p = 0.51), and 30-day mortality (RR 1.26; p = 0.42). CONCLUSIONS LS anastomosis seems associated with a tendency toward a reduced risk for AL and AS. Although surgeon's own training and experience might direct the choice of esophagogastric anastomosis, our meta-analysis encourages the use of LS anastomosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Aiolfi
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Surgery, Istituto Clinico Sant'Ambrogio, University of Insubria, Via Luigi Giuseppe Faravelli, 16, 20149, Milan, Italy. .,Department of General Surgery, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Sozzi
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Istituto Clinico Sant'Ambrogio, University of Insubria, Via Luigi Giuseppe Faravelli, 16, 20149, Milan, Italy.,Department of General Surgery, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bonitta
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Istituto Clinico Sant'Ambrogio, University of Insubria, Via Luigi Giuseppe Faravelli, 16, 20149, Milan, Italy.,Department of General Surgery, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Lombardo
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Istituto Clinico Sant'Ambrogio, University of Insubria, Via Luigi Giuseppe Faravelli, 16, 20149, Milan, Italy.,Department of General Surgery, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Cavalli
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Istituto Clinico Sant'Ambrogio, University of Insubria, Via Luigi Giuseppe Faravelli, 16, 20149, Milan, Italy.,Department of General Surgery, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Cirri
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Istituto Clinico Sant'Ambrogio, University of Insubria, Via Luigi Giuseppe Faravelli, 16, 20149, Milan, Italy.,Department of General Surgery, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giampiero Campanelli
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Istituto Clinico Sant'Ambrogio, University of Insubria, Via Luigi Giuseppe Faravelli, 16, 20149, Milan, Italy.,Department of General Surgery, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Danelli
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Istituto Clinico Sant'Ambrogio, University of Insubria, Via Luigi Giuseppe Faravelli, 16, 20149, Milan, Italy.,Department of General Surgery, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Bona
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Istituto Clinico Sant'Ambrogio, University of Insubria, Via Luigi Giuseppe Faravelli, 16, 20149, Milan, Italy.,Department of General Surgery, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Duan H, Ding X, Luo H. KISS-1, Mediated by Promoter Methylation, Suppresses Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastasis via MMP2/9/MAPK Axis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:4780-4796. [PMID: 34993679 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS KISS-1 is an established tumor suppressor that inhibits metastases in various malignancies. However, little is known regarding its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The aim of the present study was to identify the possible mechanisms of KISS-1 in ESCC metastasis. METHODS The expression levels of KISS-1 mRNA and protein in ESCC samples and cell lines were analyzed by qRT-PCR, IHC, and western blotting. Bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) were used to analyze the methylation pattern of KISS-1 promoter in ESCC cells with or without 5-Aza-dC treatment. The role of KISS-1 in the progression and metastasis of ESCC was analyzed through in vitro functional assays. RESULTS KISS-1 mRNA and protein were markedly downregulated in ESCC tissues and cell lines compared to the respective controls. Hypermethylation of KISS-1 promoter correlated to its lower expression levels in ESCC, and KISS-1 demethylation inhibited tumor progression. Ectopic KISS-1 overexpression inhibited tumor cell metastasis in vitro. In addition, KISS-1 overexpression downregulated the matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 (MMP2 and 9) and inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Finally, KISS-1 downregulated phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) without affecting their total expression levels in the ESCC cells. MAPK/ERK and p38 MAPK agonists reversed the suppressive effects of KISS-1. CONCLUSIONS The hypermethylation of KISS-1 promoter partly contributed to its downregulation in ESCC. KISS-1 inhibits the metastasis of ESCC cells by targeting the MMP2/9/ERK/p38 MAPK axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houyu Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao C, Liu J, Xu Y, Guo J, Wang L, Chen L, Xu L, Dong G, Zheng W, Li Z, Cai H, Li S. MiR-574-5p promotes cell proliferation by negatively regulating small C-terminal domain phosphatase 1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:1243-1250. [PMID: 36311195 PMCID: PMC9588319 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.65886.14492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Esophageal cancer is one of the most common cancers with high incidence and mortality rates, especially in China. MicroRNA (miRNA) can be used as a prognostic marker for various human cancers. This study aims to detect suitable miRNA markers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Materials and Methods Our previous gene expression data of ESCC cells and the data from GSE43732 and GSE112840 were analyzed. The expression of miR-574-5p in ESCC patients and controls was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. The effect of miR-574-5p on proliferation was detected by real-time cell analysis (RTCA) and EdU proliferation assay after cell transfections. The target gene small C-terminal domain phosphatase 1 (CTDSP1) of miR-574-5p was validated by luciferase reporter assay and western blotting. Results In the current study, the bioinformatics analysis found miR-574-5p up-regulated in ESCC. The qPCR assay of 26 ESCC and 13 adjacent/ normal tissues confirmed these results. We further demonstrated that miR-574-5p overexpression promoted cell proliferation. Then the dual-luciferase reporter assay and the rescue experiment suggested that CTDSP1 was a direct target of miR-574-5p. Conclusion MiR-574-5p played an oncological role in ESCC by interacting and negatively regulating CTDSP1. These results provided a deeper understanding of the effect of miR-574-5p on ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Medical Engineering Research Center of Gene Detection, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Jiangsu Medical Engineering Research Center of Gene Detection, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Medical Engineering Research Center of Gene Detection, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiamei Guo
- Jiangsu Medical Engineering Research Center of Gene Detection, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Basic Pathology, Pathology College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Linfeng Chen
- Jiangsu Medical Engineering Research Center of Gene Detection, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lina Xu
- NGS Center, Hangzhou D.A. Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guokai Dong
- Jiangsu Medical Engineering Research Center of Gene Detection, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Basic Pathology, Pathology College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhouru Li
- Jiangsu Medical Engineering Research Center of Gene Detection, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxing Cai
- Jiangsu Medical Engineering Research Center of Gene Detection, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Corresponding authors: Shanshan Li. Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China. ; Hongxing Cai. Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China.
| | - Shanshan Li
- Jiangsu Medical Engineering Research Center of Gene Detection, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Corresponding authors: Shanshan Li. Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China. ; Hongxing Cai. Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China.
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Zhou X, Lin J, Wang F, Chen X, Zhang Y, Hu Z, Jin X. Circular RNA-regulated autophagy is involved in cancer progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:961983. [PMID: 36187468 PMCID: PMC9515439 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.961983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a sort of long, non-coding RNA molecules with a covalently closed continuous ring structure without 5'-3' polarity and poly-A tail. The modulative role of circRNAs in malignant diseases has been elucidated by many studies in recent years via bioinformatics and high-throughput sequencing technologies. Generally, circRNA affects the proliferative, invasive, and migrative capacity of malignant cells via various mechanisms, exhibiting great potential as novel biomarkers in the diagnoses or treatments of malignancies. Meanwhile, autophagy preserves cellular homeostasis, serving as a vital molecular process in tumor progression. Mounting studies have demonstrated that autophagy can not only contribute to cancer cell survival but can also induce autophagic cell death in specific conditions. A growing number of research studies have indicated that there existed abundant associations between circRNAs and autophagy. Herein, we systemically reviewed and discussed recent studies on this topic in different malignancies and concluded that the circRNA–autophagy axis played crucial roles in the proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and drug or radiation resistance of different tumor cells.
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Yang XL, Wang P, Ye H, Jiang M, Su YB, Peng XX, Li H, Zhang JY. Untargeted serum metabolomics reveals potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways associated with esophageal cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:938234. [PMID: 36176418 PMCID: PMC9513043 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.938234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics has been reported as an efficient tool to screen biomarkers that are related to esophageal cancer. However, the metabolic biomarkers identifying malignant degrees and therapeutic efficacy are still largely unknown in the disease. Here, GC-MS-based metabolomics was used to understand metabolic alteration in 137 serum specimens from patients with esophageal cancer, which is approximately two- to fivefold as many plasma specimens as the previous reports. The elevated amino acid metabolism is in sharp contrast to the reduced carbohydrate as a characteristic feature of esophageal cancer. Comparative metabolomics showed that most metabolic differences were determined between the early stage (0–II) and the late stage (III and IV) among the 0–IV stages of esophageal cancer and between patients who received treatment and those who did not receive treatment. Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism and glycine were identified as the potentially overlapped metabolic pathway and metabolite, respectively, in both disease progress and treatment effect. Glycine, fructose, ornithine, and threonine can be a potential array for the evaluation of disease prognosis and therapy in esophageal cancer. These results highlight the means of identifying previously unknown biomarkers related to esophageal cancer by a metabolomics approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-bin Su
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan-xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-ying Zhang, ; Hui Li,
| | - Jian-ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-ying Zhang, ; Hui Li,
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Zhang J, Wang G, Huang A, Cao K, Tan W, Geng H, Lin X, Zhan F, Wu K, Zheng S, Liu C. Association between Serum Level of Multiple Trace Elements and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk: A Case-Control Study in China. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4239. [PMID: 36077776 PMCID: PMC9455051 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the associations between multiple serum trace element levels and risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). A total of 185 ESCC patients and 191 healthy individuals were recruited in our study. The concentration of 13 trace elements (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Cd and Pb) in serum was determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Logistic regression and the Probit extension of Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models was established to explore the associations and the cumulative and mixed effects of multiple trace elements on ESCC. Three elements (Zn, Se and Sr) displayed a negative trend with risk for ESCC, and a significant overall effect of the mixture of Al, V, Mn, Ni, Zn, Se and Sr on ESCC was found, with the effects of V, Ni and Sr being nonlinear. Bivariate exposure-response interactions among these trace elements indicated a synergistic effect between Zn and Se, and an impactful difference of V combined with Ni, Sr or Zn. Our results indicate that Ni, V, Al, Mn, Zn, Se and Sr are associated with ESCC risk, providing additional evidence of the complex effects of trace elements disorder during the etiology of EC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbing Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Anyan Huang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515065, China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Hui Geng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiaosheng Lin
- Health Management Center, The People’s Hospital of Jieyang, Jieyang 522000, China
| | - Fulan Zhan
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Shukai Zheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, and Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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Huang SJ, Tian D, Wang SC, Zeng RJ, Dong YJ, Hong LL, Wu HS, Xu FP, Zhang DK, Xie L, Zhou HY, Tang JM, Ben XS, Chen G, Chen RX, Tang Y, Qiao GB. Pathological Responses of the Primary Tumor and Locoregional Lymph Nodes After Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy in Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer. World J Oncol 2022; 13:195-204. [PMID: 36128590 PMCID: PMC9451576 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The current study attempted to describe the specific patterns of pathological tumor response and locoregional node metastases from surgically resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NAIC), as well as to explore the association between clinicopathological characteristics and such oncological patterns. Methods Fifty-one patients with cT3 or deeper esophageal squamous cell cancer underwent subtotal esophagectomy after NAIC. The NAIC regimen included intravenous administration of platinum-based and docetaxel- and taxane-based chemotherapeutics along with a 200 mg fixed dose of one programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, given every 3 weeks. We divided patients into tumor/nodal good-responders and poor-responders based on the pathological observation of the tumor or nodal responses. We also examined the association between clinicopathological factors and tumor/nodal responses. Further, significant baseline predictors for tumor and nodal good-responders were identified using multivariate binary logistic regression. Results Of the 51 patients, 68.6% achieved marked primary tumor response. Notably, 21.6% of patients achieved complete pathological response. Significant differences in treatment cycles between tumor good-responders and tumor poor-responders (P = 0.019) were observed. For locoregional nodal responses, only 33.3% of patients achieved down-staged nodal disease. Of the investigated variables, neoadjuvant cycles (odds ratio (OR): 5.271, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.278 - 21.740, P = 0.022) and pretreatment platelets (OR: 0.979, 95% CI: 0.962 - 0.996, P = 0.017) were identified as independent predictors for good tumor and nodal responses. Conclusions We conclusively noted that most patients receiving NAIC were tumor good-responders, whereas only one-third of patients were nodal good-responders. Furthermore, we identified that treatment cycle number and baseline platelet counts were independent predictors of combined tumor and nodal responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Jie Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- They contributed equally to this work
| | - Dan Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- They contributed equally to this work
| | - Si Chao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- They contributed equally to this work
| | - Rui Jie Zeng
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Jiao Dong
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Liang Li Hong
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Han Sheng Wu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Fang Ping Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dong Kun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hai Yu Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ji Ming Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao Song Ben
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ri Xin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Gui Bin Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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40
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Oh TK, Song IA. Risk factors and outcomes of fatal respiratory events after esophageal cancer surgery from 2011 through 2018: a nationwide cohort study in South Korea. Esophagus 2022; 19:401-409. [PMID: 35218468 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-022-00914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary complications are common after esophageal cancer surgery, but information regarding fatal respiratory events, such as postoperative acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and respiratory failure, is lacking. We aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of fatal respiratory events after esophageal cancer surgery. METHODS We performed a retrospective population-based cohort study based on data from the National Health Insurance Service database in South Korea. All adult patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer who underwent esophageal surgery between January 2011 and December 2018 were included. RESULTS A total of 7039 patients were included in the final analysis. Among them, 100 patients (1.4%) experienced fatal respiratory adverse events (ARDS, 55 patients [0.8%]; respiratory failure, 45 patients [0.6%]). On multivariable logistic regression, residence in rural areas (vs. urban areas) at the time of surgery, open thoracotomy (vs. video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery), and lower annual case volume were associated with a higher prevalence of fatal respiratory adverse events. Moreover, postoperative fatal respiratory adverse events were related to increased in-hospital mortality, 1 year mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and increased total hospitalization costs. CONCLUSION In South Korea, 1.4% of patients experienced fatal respiratory events (ARDS or respiratory failure) after esophageal cancer surgery. Some factors were revealed as risk factors for fatal respiratory events, and fatal respiratory events worsened clinical outcomes after esophageal cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak Kyu Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gumi-ro, 173, Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, South Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Ae Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gumi-ro, 173, Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, South Korea.
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Ainiwaer J, Zhang L, Niyazi M, Awut E, Zheng S, Sheyhidin I, Dai J. Alpha Protein Kinase 2 Promotes Esophageal Cancer via Integrin Alpha 11. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7676582. [PMID: 35813220 PMCID: PMC9259355 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7676582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background As a common disease around the world, esophageal cancer (EC) primarily includes two subclasses: esophageal adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mortality has been rising over the years; hence, exploring the mechanism of EC development has become critical. Among the alpha protein kinases, alpha protein kinase 2 (ALPK2) presumably has a connection with EC, but it has never been revealed before. Methods In this study, IHC analysis was used for ALPK2 expression quantification in ES tissues. TE-1 and Eca-109, which are both human EC cell lines, were used for in vitro analysis of cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and colony formation. Results ALPK2 was found to have an abundant expression within EC tissues (P < 0.001), as well as in the two selected human EC cell lines (P < 0.05). The data showed that ALPK2 depletion suppressed EC cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation, meanwhile stimulating apoptosis (P < 0.001). The in vivo experiments also displayed inhibitory effects caused by ALPK2 depletion on EC tumorigenesis (P < 0.001). It was further validated that ALPK2 depletion made the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR, as well as CDK6 and PIK3CA levels downregulated (P < 0.001). Mechanistically, we identified integrin alpha 11 (ITGA11) as a downstream gene of ALPK2 regulating EC. More importantly, we found that ITGA11 elevation promoted cell proliferation and migration and rescued the suppression effects caused by ALPK2 depletion (P < 0.001). Conclusions ALPK2 promotes esophageal cancer via integrin its downstream gene alpha 11; ALPK2 can potentially act as a target for the treatment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julaiti Ainiwaer
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Maidiniyeti Niyazi
- The Clinical Medicine Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Edris Awut
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Shutao Zheng
- The Clinical Medicine Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Ilyar Sheyhidin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - JiangHong Dai
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, China
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Schlottmann F, Angeramo CA, Bras Harriott C, Casas MA, Herbella FAM, Patti MG. Transthoracic Esophagectomy: Hand-sewn Versus Side-to-side Linear-stapled Versus Circular-stapled Anastomosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2022; 32:380-392. [PMID: 35583556 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000001050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three anastomotic techniques are mostly used to create an esophagogastric anastomosis in a transthoracic esophagectomy: hand-sewn (HS), side-to-side linear-stapled (SSLS), and circular-stapled (CS). The aim of this study was to compare surgical outcomes after HS, SSLS, and CS intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review using the MEDLINE database was performed to identify original articles analyzing outcomes after HS, SSLS, and CS esophagogastric anastomosis. The main outcome was an anastomotic leakage rate. Secondary outcomes included overall morbidity, major morbidity, and mortality. A meta-analysis of proportions and linear regression models were used to assess the effect of each anastomotic technique on the different outcomes. RESULTS A total of 101 studies comprising 12,595 patients were included; 8835 (70.1%) with CS, 2532 (20.1%) with HS, and 1228 (9.8%) with SSLS anastomosis. Anastomotic leak occurred in 10% [95% confidence interval (CI), 6%-15%], 9% (95% CI, 6%-13%), and 6% (95% CI, 5%-7%) of patients after HS, SSLS, and CS anastomosis, respectively. Risk of anastomotic leakage was significantly higher with HS anastomosis (odds ratio=1.73, 95% CI: 1.47-2.03, P<0.0001) and SSLS (odds ratio=1.68, 95% CI: 1.36-2.08, P<0.0001), as compared with CS. Overall morbidity (HS: 52% vs. SLSS: 39% vs. CS: 35%) and major morbidity (HS: 33% vs. CS: 19%) rates were significantly lower with CS anastomosis. Mortality rate was 4% (95% CI, 3%-6%), 2% (95% CI, 2%-3%), and 3% (95% CI, 3%-4%) after HS, SSLS, and CS anastomosis, respectively. CONCLUSION HS and SSLS intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomoses are associated with significantly higher rates of an anastomotic leak than CS anastomosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Schlottmann
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Alemán of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Cristian A Angeramo
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Alemán of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - María A Casas
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Alemán of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Marco G Patti
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Wang X, Chen X, Liu Y, Huang S, Ding J, Wang B, Dong P, Sun Z, Chen L. CSMD1 suppresses cancer progression by inhibiting proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, chemotherapy-resistance and inducing immunosuppression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2022; 417:113220. [PMID: 35623420 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human CUB and Sushi multiple domains (CSMD1) is considered a crucial role in cancer progression, but the specific function in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is not clear. Understanding the role of CSMD1 in ESCC progression may lead to a novel strategy for ESCC treatment. Here, we found that both CSMD1 mRNA and protein levels were downregulated in ESCC tissues. Reduced CSMD1 expression was correlated with a poor prognosis in ESCC patients. CSMD1 expression inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion in ESCC cell lines in vitro. CSMD1 deficiency in established xenografted tumors increases tumor size and weight. We further found that CSMD1-overexpression cells are more sensitive to chemotherapy. Moreover, we addressed the role of CSMD1 in the CD8+ T cell immune response. An in vitro killing assay showed that the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells was inhibited in CSMD1-overexpression tumor cells. In vivo, in CSMD1 deficiency tumor-bearing mice activation and expansion of CD8+ T cells were increased. Further investigation showed that CSMD1 expression on tumor cells was positively correlated with CD8+ T cells infiltration and cytokines secretion. These findings highlight that CSMD1 is a tumor suppressor gene in ESCC patients and a positive regulator of CD8+ T cells expansion and activation, and could increase cytokines secretion, indicating that tumor cell-associated CSMD1 might be a target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shan Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Baoxin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Pin Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zhenfeng Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Lixiao Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Qin X, Ni Z, Jiang J, Liu X, Dong X, Li M, Miao K, Rao S, Zhang W, Cai K. High-throughput membrane-anchored proteome screening reveals PIEZO1 as a promising antibody-drug target for human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2022; 11:3700-3713. [PMID: 35608274 PMCID: PMC9554447 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal carcinoma is one of the most fatal cancers worldwide. In China, over 90% of esophageal cancer patients are diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Currently, the survival and prognosis of ESCC patients are not satisfying because of insufficient early screening and lack of efficacious medication. Accumulating studies have suggested that antibody‐drug conjugates (ADC) represent a promising antitumor strategy. Method Here, we carried out a specific membrane proteome screening with ESCC patients' samples using a high‐throughput antibody microarray to uncover potential targets for ADC development. Candidates were validated with expression and cytotoxicity evaluation both in vitro and in vivo. Results Our data have shown that the Piezo‐Type Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Component 1 (PIEZO1) is particularly overexpressed in human ESCC tumors and can be efficiently internalized when bound with its monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, the PIEZO1 antibody combined with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) can specifically kill PIEZO1 high‐expressed ESCC tumor cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. More importantly, the Anti‐PIEZO1‐MMAE can significantly suppress tumor progression in ESCC xenograft tumor models without any obvious side effects. Conclusion Taken together, our work demonstrates that PIEZO1 is a promising target to develop ADCs for human ESCC treatment, providing a new strategy for ESCC patients' personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Qin
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Ni
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiguang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoying Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Miao
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Shuan Rao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaican Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Wang M, Sun X, Xin H, Wen Z, Cheng Y. SPP1 promotes radiation resistance through JAK2/STAT3 pathway in esophageal carcinoma. Cancer Med 2022; 11:4526-4543. [PMID: 35593388 PMCID: PMC9741975 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic resistance to radiotherapy is one of the major obstacles in clinical practice that significantly affect the therapeutic efficiency and prognosis of human esophageal carcinoma (ESCA). Thus, it is critical to understand the molecular mechanisms of radiation resistance in ESCA. Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) plays an essential role in various human cancers, but its role in radiation resistance remains unclear. METHOD Cell culture and transfection; Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays; EdU incorporation assays; Patient sample collection and medical records review; Transwell assays; Colony formation assays; Wound healing assays; Western blot; Immunofluorescence; Immunohistochemistry; Irradiation; Flow cytometry; Animal studies; Human Apoptosis Array Kit; Bioinformatics. RESULT In the current study, we reported the novel phenomenon that radiation-treated human ESCA cells upregulated SPP1 expression, which in turn contributed to the ESCA resistance to radiotherapy. We also reported the tumor-promoting effect of SPP1 in ESCA systematically and comprehensively. Furthermore, subsequent studies by knocking down or overexpressing SPP1 in human ESCA cells showed that SPP1 could facilitate the repair of DNA damage and the survival of tumor cells post-radiation in ESCA, which might contribute to the development of radiation resistance during the radiotherapy process. More detailed investigations on the downstream molecular pathway suggested that radiation could increase the phosphorylation level of JAK2 and STAT3 by increasing SPP1 expression. Further in vivo validation using a mouse ESCA xenograft model showed that SPP1 overexpression significantly increased tumor volume while either SPP1 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of the JAK2-STAT3 pathway reduced tumor volume in a synergistic manner with radiotherapy. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings suggested that the SPP1/JAK2/STAT3 axis is a critical player in ESCA progression and radiation resistance, which is a potential therapeutic target for combined therapy with the standard radiotherapy regimen to improve curative effect and increase patients' survival with ESCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineQilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina,Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xiaozheng Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineQilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina,Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Huixian Xin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineQilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina,Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Zhihua Wen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineQilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineQilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
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Hidayah N, Salsabila YA. Cellulose Sponge, the Detector of Esophageal Cancer: Innovation for Early Detection of Esophageal Cancer without Biopsy?: A Mini Review. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with esophageal cancer each year can reach 400,000 people. Inefficient screening methods and worsening symptoms, patients often come late. Squamous cell carcinoma, which is the cause of esophageal cancer, has percentage of 84% of all cancer incidences. So far, the current screening strategy is endoscopy with biopsy. This screening has the main side effect of bleeding in metaplastic area. Cellulose Sponge, the Detector of Esophageal Cancer (CaSPER), can be used for screening without a biopsy using a cellulose sponge. The method used in this mini review is an evidence-based method that focuses on evaluating pre-existing journals. The result is that CaSPER is able to provide strong cellular results of 98%, specificity of 100%, and sensitivity of 97%. Capsules made of glucose and cytosponge of cellulose will bring the metaplastic cells to the sponge. This screening is feasible, safe, comfortable, and without side effects. Using trefoil factor 3 as biomarker is able to distinguish between goblet and pseudogoblet cells. CaSPER is minimally invasive, cheaper, and easily accepted, so that in the future it is hoped that it can be mass produced, especially for areas with high esophageal cancer.
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Zhang J, Yu Y, Yin X, Feng L, Li Z, Liu X, Yu X, Li B. A Circ-0007022/miR-338-3p/Neuropilin-1 Axis Reduces the Radiosensitivity of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Activating Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition and PI3K/AKT Pathway. Front Genet 2022; 13:854097. [PMID: 35571014 PMCID: PMC9100939 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.854097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy resistance is an important cause of treatment failure in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Circular RNAs have attracted a lot of attention in cancer research, but their role in ESCC radiosensitivity has not been elucidated yet. Here, we aimed to evaluated the functional impacts of circ-0007022 on ESCC radiosensitivity. In this study, a stable radiotherapy-resistant cell line was established and verified by a series of functional experiments. Subsequently, high-throughput sequencing revealed that circ-0007022 was significantly overexpressed in the radiotherapy-resistant cell line and this conclusion was verified in ESCC patients’ tumor tissues by real-time quantitative PCR. Moreover, loss-of-function and overexpression experiments in vitro and in vivo revealed that, after irradiation, the abilities of proliferation and migration in circ-0007022-overexpressing stable transgenic strain were significantly higher than that in circ-0007022-knockdown stable transgenic strain. Additionally, RNA Immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down, luciferase reporter assays, and fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments demonstrated the mechanism of how circ-0007022 could sponge miR-338-3p and upregulate downstream target of miR-338-3p, neuropilin-1 (NRP1). Moreover, NRP1 led to poor prognosis for ESCC patients receiving radiotherapy, and NRP1 knock-down enhanced radiosensitivity of ESCC cells. Furthermore, circ-0007022 overexpression activated Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and PI3K/Akt pathway, and NRP1 knock-down could reversed this phenomenon. Finally, Akt Inhibitor reversed circ-0007022s role in radiotherapy in ESCC cells. Taken together, the circ-0007022/miR-338-3p/NRP1 axis enhances the radiation resistance of ESCC cells via regulating EMT and PI3K/Akt pathway. The new circRNA circ-0007022 is thus expected to be a therapeutic target for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Zhang
- Department of Graduate, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yin
- Department of Graduate, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Graduate, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Graduate, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinshuang Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Baosheng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Baosheng Li,
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Extracellular vesicle IL-32 promotes the M2 macrophage polarization and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via FAK/STAT3 pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:145. [PMID: 35428295 PMCID: PMC9013041 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in human cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). As a pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-32 was reported to be a poor prognostic factor in many cancers. However, the role of IL-32 in ESCC metastasis remains unknown. Methods ESCC cells with ectopic expression or knockdown of IL-32 were established and their effects on cell motility were detected. Ultracentrifugation, Transmission electron microscopy and Western blot were used to verify the existence of extracellular vesicle IL-32 (EV-IL-32). Coculture assay, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and in vivo lung metastasis model were performed to identify how EV-IL-32 regulated the crosstalk between ESCC cells and macrophages. Results Here, we found that IL-32 was overexpressed and positively correlated to lymph node metastasis of ESCC. IL-32 was significantly higher in the tumor nest compared with the non-cancerous tissue. We found that IL-32β was the main isoform and loaded in EV derived from ESCC cells. The shuttling of EV-IL-32 derived from ESCC cells into macrophages could promote the polarization of M2 macrophages via FAK-STAT3 pathway. IL-32 overexpression facilitated lung metastasis and was positively correlated with the proportion of M2 macrophages in tumor microenvironment. Conclusions Taken together, our results indicated that EV-IL-32 derived from ESCC cell line could be internalized by macrophages and lead to M2 macrophage polarization via FAK-STAT3 pathway, thus promoting the metastasis of ESCC. These findings indicated that IL-32 could serve as a potential therapeutic target in patients with ESCC. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02348-8.
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Harada K, Yamamoto S, Kato K. Pembrolizumab for the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer. Future Oncol 2022; 18:2311-2319. [PMID: 35418242 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with advanced esophageal cancer (EC) remains poor and there are limited effective therapeutic agents for EC. Pembrolizumab monotherapy exerts clinically meaningful benefits for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with a combined positive score of ≥10. Additionally, pembrolizumab plus doublet chemotherapy results in a significant survival benefit for patients with advanced EC as first-line treatment compared with chemotherapy alone. We provide an overview of immune checkpoint inhibitors and present important clinical data related to treatment for EC patients. In our opinion, pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy should be the standard first-line treatment for patients with advanced EC, regardless of histology and combined positive score. Biomarker studies to identify patient populations in which immune checkpoint inhibitors are expected to show efficacy are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Harada
- Department of Head & Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Yamamoto
- Department of Head & Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Kato
- Department of Head & Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhou W, Liu Z, Wang N, Chen X, Sun X, Cheng Y. Hafnium-Based Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles as a Radiosensitizer to Improve Radiotherapy Efficacy in Esophageal Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:12021-12029. [PMID: 35449918 PMCID: PMC9016869 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most widely used clinical treatments for tumors, but it faces limitations, such as poor X-ray retention at the tumor site. The use of radiosensitizers containing high Z elements is an effective way to enhance X-ray absorption. Here, we demonstrate a simple one-step method for the synthesis of UiO-66-NH2(Hf) metal-organic framework nanoparticles for use as radiosensitizers in radiotherapy. The UiO-66-NH2(Hf) nanoparticles had a diameter of less than 100 nm and were stable in the physiological environment. UiO-66-NH2(Hf) induced apoptosis by enhancing X-ray absorption, as confirmed by in vitro and in vivo experiments. These characteristics make UiO-66-NH2(Hf) a promising radiosensitizer for esophageal cancer radiotherapy.
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