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Liu XF, An XH, Li XM, Zhang H, Cao HB, Chen HJ, Tian Y. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of peach leaves and fruits in response to pruning. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:666. [PMID: 38961329 PMCID: PMC11223333 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pruning is an important cultivation management option that has important effects on peach yield and quality. However, the effects of pruning on the overall genetic and metabolic changes in peach leaves and fruits are poorly understood. RESULTS The transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of leaves and fruits from trees subjected to pruning and unpruning treatments were measured. A total of 20,633 genes and 622 metabolites were detected. Compared with those in the control, 1,127 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 77 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified in leaves from pruned and unpruned trees (pdLvsupdL), whereas 423 DEGs and 29 DEMs were identified in fruits from the pairwise comparison pdFvsupdF. The content of three auxin analogues was upregulated in the leaves of pruned trees, the content of all flavonoids detected in the leaves decreased, and the expression of almost all genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway decreased. The phenolic acid and amino acid metabolites detected in fruits from pruned trees were downregulated, and all terpenoids were upregulated. The correlation analysis revealed that DEGs and DEMs in leaves were enriched in tryptophan metabolism, auxin signal transduction, and flavonoid biosynthesis. DEGs and DEMs in fruits were enriched in flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, as well as L-glutamic acid biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Pruning has different effects on the leaves and fruits of peach trees, affecting mainly the secondary metabolism and hormone signalling pathways in leaves and amino acid biosynthesis in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Xiu-Hong An
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountainous Areas, Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Xin-Miao Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Hong-Bo Cao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Hai-Jiang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China.
| | - Yi Tian
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountainous Areas, Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China.
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Vargas-Cano D, Hahn F, Rodriguez de la O JL, Barrientos-Priego A, Prado-Hernández V. Mango Fruit Detachment of Trees after Applying a Blend Composed of HNO 3 and Charcoal Activated. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1216. [PMID: 38732431 PMCID: PMC11085638 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
As young workers prefer urban labors and migrate to USA and Canada, mango harvesting is becoming scarce on Mexican coasts. This seasonal labor is becoming expensive and when many orchards produce fruit simultaneously, grower losses increase. In this research, an innovative fruit detachment method was tested after applying a viscous paste to the pedicel of mango fruits hanging in the tree. Activated carbon or charcoal (AC), was mixed with different amounts of nitric acid to provide three AC composite blends named: light, medium, and dense. The nanomaterial was applied with a brush to the fruit pedicel/peduncle taking up to 4 h before the mango fruits felt to a net below the tree canopy. Mango detachment experiments indicated that the medium blend was the most efficient in releasing the fruit, taking an average of 2 h. The dense nano-material decreased latex exudation to 7% of the fruits. Fruit maturity emerged as a crucial factor for detachment time, followed by mango weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vargas-Cano
- Agricultural Engineering and Integral Use of Water, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico
| | - Federico Hahn
- Irrigation Department, Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico
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Kong Y, Hou X, Liu Z, Li Y. Cold-stress induced metabolomic and transcriptomic changes in leaves of three mango varieties with different cold tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:266. [PMID: 38600447 PMCID: PMC11005188 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04983-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is grown in Hainan, Guangdong, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Fujian provinces and Guanxi autonomous region of China. However, trees growing in these areas suffer severe cold stress during winter, which affects the yield. To this regard, data on global metabolome and transcriptome profiles of leaves are limited. Here, we used combined metabolome and transcriptome analyses of leaves of three mango cultivars with different cold stress tolerance, i.e. Jinhuang (J)-tolerant, Tainung (T) and Guiremang No. 82 (G)-susceptible, after 24 (LF), 48 (MF) and 72 (HF) hours of cold. RESULTS A total of 1,323 metabolites belonging to 12 compound classes were detected. Of these, amino acids and derivatives, nucleotides and derivatives, and lipids accumulated in higher quantities after cold stress exposure in the three cultivars. Notably, Jinhuang leaves showed increasing accumulation trends of flavonoids, terpenoids, lignans and coumarins, and alkaloids with exposure time. Among the phytohormones, jasmonic acid and abscisic acid levels decreased, while N6-isopentenyladenine increased with cold stress time. Transcriptome analysis led to the identification of 22,526 differentially expressed genes. Many genes enriched in photosynthesis, antenna proteins, flavonoid, terpenoid (di- and sesquiterpenoids) and alkaloid biosynthesis pathways were upregulated in Jihuang leaves. Moreover, expression changes related to phytohormones, MAPK (including calcium and H2O2), and the ICE-CBF-COR signalling cascade indicate involvement of these pathways in cold stress responses. CONCLUSION Cold stress tolerance in mango leaves is associated with regulation of primary and secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. Jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and cytokinins are potential regulators of cold stress responses in mango leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Mongo, Baise University, Baise, 533000, China
- College of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Baise University, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Xianbin Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Mongo, Baise University, Baise, 533000, China
- College of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Baise University, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Zhenglu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Mongo, Baise University, Baise, 533000, China
- College of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Baise University, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Mongo, Baise University, Baise, 533000, China.
- College of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Baise University, Baise, 533000, China.
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Zhang T, Hong Y, Zhang X, Yuan X, Chen S. Relationship between Key Environmental Factors and the Architecture of Fruit Shape and Size in Near-Isogenic Lines of Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214033. [PMID: 36430508 PMCID: PMC9697376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit shape and size are complex traits influenced by numerous factors, especially genetics and environment factors. To explore the mechanism of fruit shape and size development in cucumber, a pair of near-isogenic lines (NIL) Ln35 and Ln37 were used. The fruit length and diameter, cell length and diameter, and related gene expression were measured. Both the fruit length, diameter, and cell length and diameter showed sigmate curves in the two lines. The cell length and diameter were significantly positively correlated with fruit length and diameter both in two lines. The expression of CsACS2 and CsLNG showed significant positive correlations with fruit length and diameter increment in Ln35, and there was no correlation in Ln37. Furthermore, there were significant positive correlations between fruit size and thermal effectiveness (TE), as well as between fruit size and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), both in two lines. Two models using logistic regression were formulated to assess the relationships among fruit length and diameter in Ln35 and Ln37, respectively, based on thermal effectiveness and photosynthetic active radiation (TEP). The coefficient R2 values of the models were 0.977 and 0.976 in Ln35, and 0.987 and 0.981 in Ln37, respectively. The root mean square error (RMSE) was 12.012 mm and 4.338 mm in Ln35, and 5.17 mm and 7.082 mm in Ln37, respectively, which illustrated the accurate and efficient of these models. These biologically interpreted parameters will provide precision management for monitoring fruit growth and forecasting the time of harvesting under different temperatures and light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Shuxia Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-29-8708-2613
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Prolonged On-Vine vs. Cold of Actinidia eriantha: Differences in Fruit Quality and Aroma Substances during Soft Ripening Stage. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182860. [PMID: 36140991 PMCID: PMC9497916 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to find an efficient, economical and feasible method for soft ripening storage of kiwifruit, two softening methods (on-vine, cold) were utilized for the ‘Ganlv-2’ kiwifruit (Actinidia. eriantha) cultivar. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the quality changes in ‘Ganlv-2’ under different methods after fruit ripening by principal component analysis and mathematical modeling. Compared to kiwifruit under cold softening, kiwifruit treated with on-vine soft ripening had slightly greater sugar-acid ratios and flesh firmness and higher contents of dry matter, soluble solids, and soluble sugar. The titratable acid content was slightly lower in the on-vine group than in the cold group. The sensory evaluation results manifested little difference in fruit flavor between the two groups. However, at the end of the trial, the overripe taste of the on-vine group was lighter and the taste was sweeter than those of the cold group. More aromatic substances were emitted from the kiwifruit in the on-vine group. According to the mathematic model, there was no significant difference in fruit quality and flavor between the on-vine and traditional cold groups. The fruit in the on-vine group had a stronger flavor and lighter overripe flavor when they reached the edible state. This paper provided a novel storage method of A. eriantha, it can reduce the cost of traditional cold storage and reduce the pressure on centralized harvesting, and the feasibility of this method was verified from the fruit quality.
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Grisafi F, DeJong TM, Tombesi S. Fruit tree crop models: an update. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:441-457. [PMID: 34542149 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Functional structural plant models of tree crops are useful tools that were introduced more than two decades ago. They can represent the growth and development of a plant through the in silico simulation of the 3D architecture in connection with physiological processes. In tree crops, physiological processes such as photosynthesis, carbon allocation and growth are usually integrated into these models, although other functions such as water and nutrient uptake are often disregarded. The implementation of the 3D architecture involves different techniques such as L-system frameworks, pipe model concepts and Markovian models to simulate branching processes, bud fates and elongation of stems based on the production of metamers. The simulation of root architecture is still a challenge for researchers due to a limited amount of information and experimental issues in dealing with roots, because root development is not based on the production of metamers. This review aims to focus on functional-structural models of fruit tree crops, highlighting their physiological components. The potential and limits of these tools are reviewed to point out the topics that still need more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Grisafi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, Piacenza 29122, Italy
| | - Theodore M DeJong
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sergio Tombesi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, Piacenza 29122, Italy
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O’Sullivan H, Raumonen P, Kaitaniemi P, Perttunen J, Sievänen R. Integrating terrestrial laser scanning with functional-structural plant models to investigate ecological and evolutionary processes of forest communities. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:663-684. [PMID: 34610091 PMCID: PMC8557364 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Woody plants (trees and shrubs) play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems, but their size and longevity make them difficult subjects for traditional experiments. In the last 20 years functional-structural plant models (FSPMs) have evolved: they consider the interplay between plant modular structure, the immediate environment and internal functioning. However, computational constraints and data deficiency have long been limiting factors in a broader application of FSPMs, particularly at the scale of forest communities. Recently, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), has emerged as an invaluable tool for capturing the 3-D structure of forest communities, thus opening up exciting opportunities to explore and predict forest dynamics with FSPMs. SCOPE The potential synergies between TLS-derived data and FSPMs have yet to be fully explored. Here, we summarize recent developments in FSPM and TLS research, with a specific focus on woody plants. We then evaluate the emerging opportunities for applying FSPMs in an ecological and evolutionary context, in light of TLS-derived data, with particular consideration of the challenges posed by scaling up from individual trees to whole forests. Finally, we propose guidelines for incorporating TLS data into the FSPM workflow to encourage overlap of practice amongst researchers. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that TLS is a feasible tool to help shift FSPMs from an individual-level modelling technique to a community-level one. The ability to scan multiple trees, of multiple species, in a short amount of time, is paramount to gathering the detailed structural information required for parameterizing FSPMs for forest communities. Conventional techniques, such as repeated manual forest surveys, have their limitations in explaining the driving mechanisms behind observed patterns in 3-D forest structure and dynamics. Therefore, other techniques are valuable to explore how forests might respond to environmental change. A robust synthesis between TLS and FSPMs provides the opportunity to virtually explore the spatial and temporal dynamics of forest communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah O’Sullivan
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | - Pasi Raumonen
- Mathematics, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 7, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Pekka Kaitaniemi
- Hyytiälä Forestry Field Station, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Hyytiäläntie 124, FI-35500 Korkeakoski, Finland
| | - Jari Perttunen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanontie 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
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Bahr C, Schmidt D, Kahlen K. Missing Links in Predicting Berry Sunburn in Future Vineyards. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:715906. [PMID: 34712249 PMCID: PMC8545822 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.715906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sunburn in grapevine berries is known as a recurring disorder causing severe yield losses and a decline in berry quality. The transition from healthy to sunburnt along a temporal trajectory is not fully understood. It is driven by light-boosted local heat impact and modulated by, e.g., past environments of the berry and its developmental state. Events of berry sunburn are often associated with heatwaves, indicating a link to climate change. In addition, the sensitivity of grapevine architecture to changing environmental condition indicates an urgent need to investigate and adapt mitigation strategies of berry sunburn in future vineyards. In this perspective, we want to identify missing links in predicting berry sunburn in vineyards and propose a modeling framework that may help us to investigate berry sunburn in future vineyards. For this, we propose to address open issues in both developing a model of berry sunburn and considering dynamic canopy growth, and canopy interaction with the environment and plant management such as shoot positioning or leaf removal. Because local environmental conditions drive sunburn, we aim at showing that identifying sunburn-reducing strategies in a vineyard under future environmental conditions can be supported by a modeling approach that integrates effects of management practices over time and takes grapevine architecture explicitly into account. We argue that functional-structural plant models may address such complex tasks. Once open issues are solved, they might be a promising tool to advance our knowledge on reducing risks of berry sunburn in silico.
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Barceló-Anguiano M, Hormaza JI, Losada JM. Conductivity of the phloem in mango (Mangifera indica L.). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:150. [PMID: 34193860 PMCID: PMC8245510 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L., Anacardiaceae), the fifth most consumed fruit worldwide, is one of the most important fruit crops in tropical regions, but its vascular anatomy is quite unexplored. Previous studies examined the xylem structure in the stems of mango, but the anatomy of the phloem has remained elusive, leaving the long-distance transport of photoassimilates understudied. We combined fluorescence and electron microscopy to evaluate the structure of the phloem tissue in the tapering branches of mango trees, and used this information to describe the hydraulic conductivity of its sieve tube elements following current models of fluid transport in trees. We revealed that the anatomy of the phloem changes from current year branches, where it was protected by pericyclic fibres, to older ones, where the lack of fibres was concomitant with laticiferous canals embedded in the phloem tissue. Callose was present in the sieve plates, but also in the walls of the phloem sieve cells, making them discernible from other phloem cells. A scaling geometry of the sieve tube elements-including the number of sieve areas and the pore size across tapering branches-resulted in an exponential conductivity towards the base of the tree. These evaluations in mango fit with previous measurements of the phloem architecture in the stems of forest trees, suggesting that, despite agronomic management, the phloem sieve cells scale with the tapering branches. The pipe model theory applied to the continuous tubing system of the phloem appears as a good approach to understand the hydraulic transport of photoassimilates in fruit trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Barceló-Anguiano
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM La Mayora-CSIC-UMA), Avda Dr. Wienberg s/n. 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - José I Hormaza
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM La Mayora-CSIC-UMA), Avda Dr. Wienberg s/n. 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan M Losada
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM La Mayora-CSIC-UMA), Avda Dr. Wienberg s/n. 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain.
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Zheng J, Tarin MWK, Jiang D, Li M, Zhang M, Chen L, He T, Hong X, Zheng Y. Various distances and orientations influenced the branching traits of Dendrocalamus minor var. amoenus in Dongshan Island, China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Televinova M, Antonova I. The features of the biennial shoot systems of Ulmus glabra Huds. characteristic of the crown in the virginal age state. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213800128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphological features of crowns were studied on the material of individuals of U. glabra of seed regeneration in the gaps of decaying three-hundred-year-old oak forests. We collected data on all crown shoots of five trees of young virginal age (from 10 to 18 years). The principal component method was used twice: first on the model tree to characterize features of the shoots biennial systems under the study, then to reveal ontogenetic and structural features of the crown organization of five virginal trees. Using the method of shoots biennial systems extraction allowed us to form a set of qualitative and quantitative characters reflecting crown structure properties of virginal trees of U. glabra, namely: properties of axes branching order, ontogenetic age of shoots in the crown, crown density, individual properties of tree crown structure.
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Lauri PÉ. Tree architecture and functioning facing multispecies environments: We have gone only halfway in fruit-trees. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:3-7. [PMID: 33434301 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Éric Lauri
- ABSys, Univ Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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Louarn G, Song Y. Two decades of functional-structural plant modelling: now addressing fundamental questions in systems biology and predictive ecology. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:501-509. [PMID: 32725187 PMCID: PMC7489058 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional-structural plant models (FSPMs) explore and integrate relationships between a plant's structure and processes that underlie its growth and development. In the last 20 years, scientists interested in functional-structural plant modelling have expanded greatly the range of topics covered and now handle dynamical models of growth and development occurring from the microscopic scale, and involving cell division in plant meristems, to the macroscopic scales of whole plants and plant communities. SCOPE The FSPM approach occupies a central position in plant science; it is at the crossroads of fundamental questions in systems biology and predictive ecology. This special issue of Annals of Botany features selected papers on critical areas covered by FSPMs and examples of comprehensive models that are used to solve theoretical and applied questions, ranging from developmental biology to plant phenotyping and management of plants for agronomic purposes. Altogether, they offer an opportunity to assess the progress, gaps and bottlenecks along the research path originally foreseen for FSPMs two decades ago. This review also allows discussion of current challenges of FSPMs regarding (1) integration of multidisciplinary knowledge, (2) methods for handling complex models, (3) standards to achieve interoperability and greater genericity and (4) understanding of plant functioning across scales. CONCLUSIONS This approach has demonstrated considerable progress, but has yet to reach its full potential in terms of integration and heuristic knowledge production. The research agenda of functional-structural plant modellers in the coming years should place a greater emphasis on explaining robust emergent patterns, and on the causes of possible deviation from it. Modelling such patterns could indeed fuel both generic integration across scales and transdisciplinary transfer. In particular, it could be beneficial to emergent fields of research such as model-assisted phenotyping and predictive ecology in managed ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Youhong Song
- Anhui Agricultural University, School of Agronomy, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
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