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Ding H, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Li J, Jia L, Chen Q, Ding Y, Wang S. A Mechanistic Model for Estimating Rice Photosynthetic Capacity and Stomatal Conductance from Sun-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 5:0047. [PMID: 37228514 PMCID: PMC10204737 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the photosynthetic rate is one of the effective ways to increase rice yield, given that photosynthesis is the basis of crop productivity. At the leaf level, crops' photosynthetic rate is mainly determined by photosynthetic functional traits including the maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and stomatal conductance (gs). Accurate quantification of these functional traits is important to simulate and predict the growth status of rice. In recent studies, the emerging sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) provides us an unprecedented opportunity to estimate crops' photosynthetic traits, owing to its direct and mechanistic links to photosynthesis. Therefore, in this study, we proposed a practical semimechanistic model to estimate the seasonal Vcmax and gs time-series based on SIF. We firstly generated the coupling relationship between the open ratio of photosystem II (qL) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), then estimate the electron transport rate (ETR) based on the proposed mechanistic relationship between SIF and ETR. Finally, Vcmax and gs were estimated by linking to ETR based on the principle of evolutionary optimality and the photosynthetic pathway. Validation with field observations showed that our proposed model can estimate Vcmax and gs with high accuracy (R2 > 0.8). Compared to simple linear regression model, the proposed model could increase the accuracy of Vcmax estimates by >40%. Therefore, the proposed method effectively enhanced the estimation accuracy of crops' functional traits, which sheds new light on developing high-throughput monitoring techniques to estimate plant functional traits, and also can improve our understating of crops' physiological response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application,
Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Li
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application,
Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Songhan Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Yang K, Huang Y, Yang J, Yu L, Hu Z, Sun W, Zhang Q. The determiner of photosynthetic acclimation induced by biochemical limitation under elevated CO 2 in japonica rice. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153889. [PMID: 36493669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic acclimation to prolonged elevated CO2 could be attributed to the two limited biochemical capacity, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) carboxylation and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration, however, which one is the primary driver is unclear. To quantify photosynthetic acclimation induced by biochemical limitation, we investigated photosynthetic characteristics and leaf nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic apparatus (Rubisco, bioenergetics, and light-harvesting complex) in a japonica rice grown in open-top chambers at ambient CO2 and ambient CO2+200 μmol mol-1 (e [CO2]). Results showed that photosynthesis was stimulated under e [CO2], but concomitantly, photosynthetic acclimation obviously occurred across the whole growth stages. The content of leaf nitrogen allocation to Rubisco and biogenetics was reduced by e [CO2], while not in light-harvesting complex. Unlike the content, there was little effects of CO2 enrichment on the percentage of nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic components. Additionally, leaf nitrogen did not reallocate within photosynthetic apparatus until the imbalance of sink-source under e [CO2]. The contribution of biochemical limitations, including Rubisco carboxylation and RuBP regeneration, to photosynthetic acclimation averaged 36.2% and 63.8% over the growing seasons, respectively. This study suggests that acclimation of photosynthesis is mainly driven by RuBP regeneration limitation and highlights the importance of RuBP regeneration relative to Rubisco carboxylation in the future CO2 enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghua Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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3
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Zhang C, Li Y, Yu Z, Wang G, Liu X, Liu J, Liu J, Zhang X, Yin K, Jin J. Co-elevation of atmospheric [CO 2] and temperature alters photosynthetic capacity and instantaneous water use efficiency in rice cultivars in a cold-temperate region. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1037720. [PMID: 36507439 PMCID: PMC9727307 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1037720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Crop photosynthetic capacity in response to climate change likely constrains crop productivity and adaptability to changing environments, which requests the investigation on the dynamics of photosynthetic parameters over growth season among varieties, especially in cold-temperate regions. Three Japonica rice cultivars i.e., Shoubaimao (SH), Hejiang 19 (HJ); Longjing 31, (LJ). were planted under the control, e[CO2] (700 μmol mol-1), warming (2°C above the air temperature) and the co-elevation of [CO2] and temperature in open-top chambers (OTC). The objective of this study is to examine the rice photosynthetic parameters, water use efficiency (WUE) and yield formation in responses to the co-elevation of [CO2] and temperature which is the main predicted features of future climate. e[CO2] significantly increased An of SH, HJ and LJ by 37%, 39% and 23% in comparison to 34%, 34% and 27% under elevated [CO2] plus warming, respectively. However, An had a weak response to warming for three cultivars. [CO2] and temperature co-elevation significantly decreased the stomatal conductance, resulting in a significant increase of the WUE. e[CO2] significantly increased Vc, max , Jmax and Jmax /Vc, max . e[CO2] significantly increased grain yield and grain number of all cultivars. The positive effect of co-elevation of [CO2] and temperature on grain yield was less than e[CO2]. Warming is likely to partially offset the increased photosynthetic rate caused by e[CO2]. The [CO2] and temperature co-elevation may be favorable to rice crop with increasing the photosynthetic ability of rice crop and improving water use efficiency. The present study provided evidence that the rice genotypic difference in photosynthetic potential under [CO2] and temperature co-elevation. Therefore, it is crucial to explore a broader range of phenotypes and cultivars to be applied to climate change response research, advancing the knowledge that climate change impacts rice crop under the cold-temperate climate region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenhua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guanghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Judong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xingmei Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Kuide Yin
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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4
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Kumagai E, Burroughs CH, Pederson TL, Montes CM, Peng B, Kimm H, Guan K, Ainsworth EA, Bernacchi CJ. Predicting biochemical acclimation of leaf photosynthesis in soybean under in-field canopy warming using hyperspectral reflectance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:80-94. [PMID: 34664281 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditional gas exchange measurements are cumbersome, which makes it difficult to capture variation in biochemical parameters, namely the maximum rate of carboxylation measured at a reference temperature (Vcmax25 ) and the maximum electron transport at a reference temperature (Jmax25 ), in response to growth temperature over time from days to weeks. Hyperspectral reflectance provides reliable measures of Vcmax25 and Jmax25 ; however, the capability of this method to capture biochemical acclimations of the two parameters to high growth temperature over time has not been demonstrated. In this study, Vcmax25 and Jmax25 were measured over multiple growth stages during two growing seasons for field-grown soybeans using both gas exchange techniques and leaf spectral reflectance under ambient and four elevated canopy temperature treatments (ambient+1.5, +3, +4.5, and +6°C). Spectral vegetation indices and machine learning methods were used to build predictive models for Vcmax25 and Jmax25 , based on the leaf reflectance. Results showed that these models yielded an R2 of 0.57-0.65 and 0.48-0.58 for Vcmax25 and Jmax25 , respectively. Hyperspectral reflectance captured biochemical acclimation of leaf photosynthesis to high temperature in the field, improving spatial and temporal resolution in the ability to assess the impact of future warming on crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsushi Kumagai
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Morioka, Japan
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Charles H Burroughs
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Taylor L Pederson
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher M Montes
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Bin Peng
- College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Hyungsuk Kimm
- College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kaiyu Guan
- College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Carl J Bernacchi
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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5
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Kudrna J, Hnilicka F, Kubes J, Vachova P, Hnilickova H, Kuklova M. Effect of Acetaminophen (APAP) on Physiological Indicators in Lactuca sativa. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110303. [PMID: 33238445 PMCID: PMC7700141 DOI: 10.3390/life10110303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzes the effects of acetaminophen (APAP) as a contaminant on physiological characteristics of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.). Experiments were provided in an experimental greenhouse with semi-controlled conditions. The effect of different amounts of contaminant was evaluated by using regression analysis. Plants were grown in five concentrations of APAP: 0 µM, 5 µM, 50 µM, 500 µM, and 5 mM for 14 days in two variants, acute and chronic. The obtained results show that the monitored parameters were demonstrably influenced by the experimental variant. Plants are more sensitive to chronic contamination compared to acute. Significant (p < 0.05) deviation in photosynthesis and fluorescence was observed compared to the control in different variants. The highest doses of APAP reduced the intensity of photosynthesis by a maximum of more than 31% compared to the control. A reduction of 18% was observed for the fluorescence parameters. Pronounced correlation was described between chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield mainly under APAP conditions. The amount of chlorophyll was influenced by exposure to APAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kudrna
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (J.K.); (P.V.); (H.H.)
| | - Frantisek Hnilicka
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (J.K.); (P.V.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan Kubes
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (J.K.); (P.V.); (H.H.)
| | - Pavla Vachova
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (J.K.); (P.V.); (H.H.)
| | - Helena Hnilickova
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (J.K.); (P.V.); (H.H.)
| | - Margita Kuklova
- Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia;
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6
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Saad MM, Eida AA, Hirt H. Tailoring plant-associated microbial inoculants in agriculture: a roadmap for successful application. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3878-3901. [PMID: 32157287 PMCID: PMC7450670 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants are now recognized as metaorganisms which are composed of a host plant associated with a multitude of microbes that provide the host plant with a variety of essential functions to adapt to the local environment. Recent research showed the remarkable importance and range of microbial partners for enhancing the growth and health of plants. However, plant-microbe holobionts are influenced by many different factors, generating complex interactive systems. In this review, we summarize insights from this emerging field, highlighting the factors that contribute to the recruitment, selection, enrichment, and dynamic interactions of plant-associated microbiota. We then propose a roadmap for synthetic community application with the aim of establishing sustainable agricultural systems that use microbial communities to enhance the productivity and health of plants independently of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Considering global warming and climate change, we suggest that desert plants can serve as a suitable pool of potentially beneficial microbes to maintain plant growth under abiotic stress conditions. Finally, we propose a framework for advancing the application of microbial inoculants in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged M Saad
- DARWIN21, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Aziz Eida
- DARWIN21, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heribert Hirt
- DARWIN21, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Xu Y, Shang B, Feng Z, Tarvainen L. Effect of elevated ozone, nitrogen availability and mesophyll conductance on the temperature responses of leaf photosynthetic parameters in poplar. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:484-497. [PMID: 32031641 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although ozone (O3) concentration and nitrogen (N) availability are well known to affect plant physiology, their impacts on the photosynthetic temperature response are poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap by exposing seedlings of hybrid poplar clone '107' (Populous euramericana cv. '74/76') to elevated O3 (E-O3) and N availability variation in a factorial experiment. E-O3 decreased light-saturated net photosynthesis (Asat), mesophyll conductance (gm) and apparent maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax, based on intercellular CO2 concentration) but not actual Vcmax (based on chloroplast CO2 concentration) and increased respiration in light (Rd) at 25 °C. Nitrogen fertilization increased Asat, gm, Vcmax and the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax) and reduced Rd at 25 °C and the activation energy of actual Vcmax. No E-O3 or E-O3 x N interaction effects on the temperature response parameters were detected, simplifying the inclusion of O3 impacts on photosynthesis in vegetation models. gm peaked at 30 °C, apparent Vcmax and Jmax at 32-33 °C, while the optimum temperatures of actual Vcmax and Jmax exceeded the measured temperature range (15-35 °C). Ignoring gm would, thus, have resulted in mistakenly attributing the decrease in Asat at high temperatures to reduced biochemical capacity rather than to greater diffusion limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Cai C, Li G, Di L, Ding Y, Fu L, Guo X, Struik PC, Pan G, Li H, Chen W, Luo W, Yin X. The acclimation of leaf photosynthesis of wheat and rice to seasonal temperature changes in T-FACE environments. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:539-556. [PMID: 31505097 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Crops show considerable capacity to adjust their photosynthetic characteristics to seasonal changes in temperature. However, how photosynthesis acclimates to changes in seasonal temperature under future climate conditions has not been revealed. We measured leaf photosynthesis (An ) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown under four combinations of two levels of CO2 (ambient and enriched up to 500 µmol/mol) and two levels of canopy temperature (ambient and increased by 1.5-2.0°C) in temperature by free-air CO2 enrichment (T-FACE) systems. Parameters of a biochemical C3 -photosynthesis model and of a stomatal conductance (gs ) model were estimated for the four conditions and for several crop stages. Some biochemical parameters related to electron transport and most gs parameters showed acclimation to seasonal growth temperature in both crops. The acclimation response did not differ much between wheat and rice, nor among the four treatments of the T-FACE systems, when the difference in the seasonal growth temperature was accounted for. The relationships between biochemical parameters and leaf nitrogen content were consistent across leaf ranks, developmental stages, and treatment conditions. The acclimation had a strong impact on gs model parameters: when parameter values of a particular stage were used, the model failed to correctly estimate gs values of other stages. Further analysis using the coupled gs -biochemical photosynthesis model showed that ignoring the acclimation effect did not result in critical errors in estimating leaf photosynthesis under future climate, as long as parameter values were measured or derived from data obtained before flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Cai
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lijun Di
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yunjie Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lin Fu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuanhe Guo
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Genxing Pan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haozheng Li
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Weiping Chen
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Weihong Luo
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Chavan SG, Duursma RA, Tausz M, Ghannoum O. Elevated CO2 alleviates the negative impact of heat stress on wheat physiology but not on grain yield. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6447-6459. [PMID: 31504692 PMCID: PMC6859723 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hot days are becoming hotter and more frequent, threatening wheat yields worldwide. Developing wheat varieties ready for future climates calls for improved understanding of how elevated CO2 (eCO2) and heat stress (HS) interactively impact wheat yields. We grew a modern, high-yielding wheat cultivar (Scout) at ambient CO2 (aCO2, 419 μl l -1) or eCO2 (654 μl l-1) in a glasshouse maintained at 22/15 °C (day/night). Half of the plants were exposed to HS (40/24 °C) for 5 d at anthesis. In non-HS plants, eCO2 enhanced (+36%) CO2 assimilation rates (Asat) measured at growth CO2 despite down-regulation of photosynthetic capacity. HS reduced Asat (-42%) in aCO2- but not in eCO2-grown plants because eCO2 protected photosynthesis by increasing ribulose bisphosphate regeneration capacity and reducing photochemical damage under HS. eCO2 stimulated biomass (+35%) of all plants and grain yield (+30%) of non-HS plants only. Plant biomass initially decreased following HS but recovered at maturity due to late tillering. HS equally reduced grain yield (-40%) in aCO2- and eCO2-grown plants due to grain abortion and reduced grain filling. While eCO2 mitigated the negative impacts of HS at anthesis on wheat photosynthesis and biomass, grain yield was reduced by HS in both CO2 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin G Chavan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Remko A Duursma
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Michael Tausz
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, The University of Melbourne, Creswick, Vic., Australia
| | - Oula Ghannoum
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW Australia
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10
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He L, Chen JM, Liu J, Zheng T, Wang R, Joiner J, Chou S, Chen B, Liu Y, Liu R, Rogers C. Diverse photosynthetic capacity of global ecosystems mapped by satellite chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2019; 232:111344. [PMID: 33149371 PMCID: PMC7608051 DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2019.111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic capacity is often quantified by the Rubisco-limited photosynthetic capacity (i.e. maximum carboxylation rate, Vcmax). It is a key plant functional trait that is widely used in Earth System Models for simulation of the global carbon and water cycles. Measuring Vcmax is time-consuming and laborious; therefore, the spatiotemporal distribution of Vcmax is still poorly understood due to limited measurements of Vcmax. In this study, we used a data assimilation approach to map the spatial variation of Vcmax for global terrestrial ecosystems from a 11-year-long satellite-observed solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) record. In this SIF-derived Vcmax map, the mean Vcmax value for each plant function type (PFT) is found to be comparable to a widely used N-derived Vcmax dataset by Kattge et al. (2009). The gradient of Vcmax along PFTs is clearly revealed even without land cover information as an input. Large seasonal and spatial variations of Vcmax are found within each PFT, especially for diverse crop rotation systems. The distribution of major crop belts, characterized with high Vcmax values, is highlighted in this Vcmax map. Legume plants are characterized with high Vcmax values. This Vcmax map also clearly illustrates the emerging soybean revolution in South America where Vcmax is the highest among the world. The gradient of Vcmax in Amazon is found to follow the transition of soil types with different soil N and P contents. This study suggests that satellite-observed SIF is powerful in deriving the important plant functional trait, i.e. Vcmax, for global climate change studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming He
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
- Laboratory of Environmental Model and Data Optima, Laurel, MD 20707, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. (L. He)
| | - Jing M. Chen
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Jane Liu
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Ting Zheng
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Joanna Joiner
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Shuren Chou
- Space Engineering University, Beijing 101419, China
| | - Bin Chen
- China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang Liu
- China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ronggao Liu
- China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cheryl Rogers
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
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Masutomi Y, Kinose Y, Takimoto T, Yonekura T, Oue H, Kobayashi K. Ozone changes the linear relationship between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance and decreases water use efficiency in rice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:1009-1016. [PMID: 30577095 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is an important air pollutant that affects growth, transpiration, and water use efficiency (WUE) in plants. Integrated models of photosynthesis (An) and stomatal conductance (Gs) (An-Gs) are useful tools to consistently assess the impacts of ozone on plant growth, transpiration, and WUE. However, there is no information on how to incorporate the influence of ozone into An-Gs integrated models for crops. We focused on the Ball-Woodrow-Berry (BWB) relationship, which is a key equation in An-Gs integrated models, and aimed to address the following questions: (i) how does ozone change the BWB relationship for crops?; (ii) are there any difference in the changes in the BWB relationship among cultivars?, and (iii) how do the changes in the BWB relationship increase or decrease WUE for crops? We grew four rice cultivars in a field under ambient or Free-Air Concentration Enrichment (FACE) of ozone in China and measured An and Gs using a portable photosynthesis analyzer. We simulated WUE in individual leaves during the ripening period under different BWB relationships. The results showed that ozone significantly changed the BWB relationship only for the most sensitive cultivar, which showed an increase in the intercept of the BWB relationship under FACE conditions. These results imply that changes in the BWB relationship are related to the ozone sensitivity of the cultivar. Simulations of an An-Gs integrated model showed that increases in the intercept of the BWB relationship from 0.01 to 0.1 mol(H2O) m-2 s-1 indicated decreases in WUE by 22%. Since a reduction in WUE indicates increases in water demand per unit of crop growth, air pollution from ozone could be a critical issue in regions where agricultural water is limited, such as in rainfed paddy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiyuki Kinose
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroki Oue
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Japan
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12
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Rao YV, Balakrishnan D, Addanki KR, Mesapogu S, Kiran TV, Subrahmanyam D, Neelamraju S, Voleti SR. Characterization of backcross introgression lines derived from Oryza nivara accessions for photosynthesis and yield. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1147-1164. [PMID: 30425431 PMCID: PMC6214435 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Improvement of photosynthetic traits is a promising strategy to break the yield potential barrier of major food crops. Leaf photosynthetic traits were evaluated in a set of high yielding Oryza sativa, cv. Swarna × Oryza nivara backcross introgression lines (BILs) along with recurrent parent Swarna, both in wet (Kharif) and dry (Rabi) seasons in normal irrigated field conditions. Net photosynthesis (P N) ranged from 15.37 to 23.25 µmol (CO2) m-2 s-1 in the BILs. Significant difference in P N was observed across the seasons and genotypes. Six BILs showed high photosynthesis compared with recurrent parent in both seasons. Chlorophyll content showed minimum variation across the seasons for any specific BIL but significant variation was observed among BILs. Significant positive association between photosynthetic traits and yield traits was observed, but this association was not consistent across seasons mainly due to contrasting weather parameters in both seasons. BILs 166s and 248s with high and consistent photosynthetic rate exhibited stable high yield levels in both the seasons compared to the recurrent parent Swarna. There is scope to exploit photosynthetic efficiency of wild and weedy rice to identify genes for improvement of photosynthetic rate in cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Divya Balakrishnan
- ICAR- National Professor Project, ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Krishnam Raju Addanki
- ICAR- National Professor Project, ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sukumar Mesapogu
- ICAR- National Professor Project, ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Thuraga Vishnu Kiran
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Crop Physiology, ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Desiraju Subrahmanyam
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Crop Physiology, ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sarla Neelamraju
- ICAR- National Professor Project, ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sitapathi Rao Voleti
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Crop Physiology, ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
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13
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Pardo N, Sánchez ML, Su Z, Pérez IA, García MA. SCOPE model applied for rapeseed in Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:417-426. [PMID: 29426164 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The integrated SCOPE (Soil, Canopy Observation, Photochemistry and Energy balance) model, coupling radiative transfer theory and biochemistry, was applied to a biodiesel crop grown in a Spanish agricultural area. Energy fluxes and CO2 exchange were simulated with this model for the period spanning January 2008 to October 2008. Results were compared to experimental measurements performed using eddy covariance and meteorological instrumentation. The reliability of the model was proven by simulating latent (LE) and sensible (H) heat fluxes, soil heat flux (G), and CO2 exchanges (NEE and GPP). LAI data used as input in the model were retrieved from the MODIS and MERIS sensors. SCOPE was able to reproduce similar seasonal trends to those measured for NEE, GPP and LE. When considering H, the modelled values were underestimated for the period covering July 2008 to mid-September 2008. The modelled fluxes reproduced the observed seasonal evolution with determination coefficients of over 0.77 when LE and H were evaluated. The modelled results offered good agreement with observed data for NEE and GPP, regardless of whether LAI data belonged to MODIS or MERIS, showing slopes of 0.87 and 0.91 for NEE-MODIS and NEE-MERIS, and 0.91 and 0.94 for GPP-MODIS and GPP-MERIS, respectively. Moreover, SCOPE was able to reproduce similar seasonal behaviours to those observed for the experimental carbon fluxes, clearly showing the CO2 sink/source behaviour for the whole period studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Pardo
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - M Luisa Sánchez
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Zhongbo Su
- Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Isidro A Pérez
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - M Angeles García
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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14
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Purcell C, Batke SP, Yiotis C, Caballero R, Soh WK, Murray M, McElwain JC. Increasing stomatal conductance in response to rising atmospheric CO2. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:1137-1149. [PMID: 29394303 PMCID: PMC5946907 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Studies have indicated that plant stomatal conductance (gs) decreases in response to elevated atmospheric CO2, a phenomenon of significance for the global hydrological cycle. However, gs increases across certain CO2 ranges have been predicted by optimization models. The aim of this work was to demonstrate that under certain environmental conditions, gs can increase in response to elevated CO2. Methods Using (1) an extensive, up-to-date synthesis of gs responses in free air CO2 enrichment (FACE)experiments, (2) in situ measurements across four biomes showing dynamic gs responses to a CO2 rise of ~50 ppm (characterizing the change in this greenhouse gas over the past three decades) and (3) a photosynthesis-stomatal conductance model, it is demonstrated that gs can in some cases increase in response to increasing atmospheric CO2. Key Results Field observations are corroborated by an extensive synthesis of gs responses in FACE experiments showing that 11.8 % of gs responses under experimentally elevated CO2 are positive. They are further supported by a strong data-model fit (r2 = 0.607) using a stomatal optimization model applied to the field gs dataset. A parameter space identified in the Farquhar-Ball-Berry photosynthesis-stomatal conductance model confirms field observations of increasing gs under elevated CO2 in hot dry conditions. Contrary to the general assumption, positive gs responses to elevated CO2, although relatively rare, are a feature of woody taxa adapted to warm, low-humidity conditions, and this response is also demonstrated in global simulations using the Community Land Model (CLM4). Conclusions The results contradict the over-simplistic notion that global vegetation always responds with decreasing gs to elevated CO2, a finding that has important implications for predicting future vegetation feedbacks on the hydrological cycle at the regional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Purcell
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S P Batke
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, St. Helens Road, Ormskirk, UK
| | - C Yiotis
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Caballero
- Department of Meteorology and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - W K Soh
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Murray
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J C McElwain
- Botany Department, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Cai C, Li G, Yang H, Yang J, Liu H, Struik PC, Luo W, Yin X, Di L, Guo X, Jiang W, Si C, Pan G, Zhu J. Do all leaf photosynthesis parameters of rice acclimate to elevated CO 2 , elevated temperature, and their combination, in FACE environments? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1685-1707. [PMID: 29076597 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Leaf photosynthesis of crops acclimates to elevated CO2 and temperature, but studies quantifying responses of leaf photosynthetic parameters to combined CO2 and temperature increases under field conditions are scarce. We measured leaf photosynthesis of rice cultivars Changyou 5 and Nanjing 9108 grown in two free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) systems, respectively, installed in paddy fields. Each FACE system had four combinations of two levels of CO2 (ambient and enriched) and two levels of canopy temperature (no warming and warmed by 1.0-2.0°C). Parameters of the C3 photosynthesis model of Farquhar, von Caemmerer and Berry (the FvCB model), and of a stomatal conductance (gs ) model were estimated for the four conditions. Most photosynthetic parameters acclimated to elevated CO2 , elevated temperature, and their combination. The combination of elevated CO2 and temperature changed the functional relationships between biochemical parameters and leaf nitrogen content for Changyou 5. The gs model significantly underestimated gs under the combination of elevated CO2 and temperature by 19% for Changyou 5 and by 10% for Nanjing 9108 if no acclimation was assumed. However, our further analysis applying the coupled gs -FvCB model to an independent, previously published FACE experiment showed that including such an acclimation response of gs hardly improved prediction of leaf photosynthesis under the four combinations of CO2 and temperature. Therefore, the typical procedure that crop models using the FvCB and gs models are parameterized from plants grown under current ambient conditions may not result in critical errors in projecting productivity of paddy rice under future global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Cai
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hailong Yang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaheng Yang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Weihong Luo
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lijun Di
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuanhe Guo
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyu Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanfei Si
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Genxing Pan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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16
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Ikawa H, Chen CP, Sikma M, Yoshimoto M, Sakai H, Tokida T, Usui Y, Nakamura H, Ono K, Maruyama A, Watanabe T, Kuwagata T, Hasegawa T. Increasing canopy photosynthesis in rice can be achieved without a large increase in water use-A model based on free-air CO 2 enrichment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1321-1341. [PMID: 29136323 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Achieving higher canopy photosynthesis rates is one of the keys to increasing future crop production; however, this typically requires additional water inputs because of increased water loss through the stomata. Lowland rice canopies presently consume a large amount of water, and any further increase in water usage may significantly impact local water resources. This situation is further complicated by changing the environmental conditions such as rising atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2 ]). Here, we modeled and compared evapotranspiration of fully developed rice canopies of a high-yielding rice cultivar (Oryza sativa L. cv. Takanari) with a common cultivar (cv. Koshihikari) under ambient and elevated [CO2 ] (A-CO2 and E-CO2 , respectively) via leaf ecophysiological parameters derived from a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment. Takanari had 4%-5% higher evapotranspiration than Koshihikari under both A-CO2 and E-CO2 , and E-CO2 decreased evapotranspiration of both varieties by 4%-6%. Therefore, if Takanari was cultivated under future [CO2 ] conditions, the cost for water could be maintained at the same level as for cultivating Koshihikari at current [CO2 ] with an increase in canopy photosynthesis by 36%. Sensitivity analyses determined that stomatal conductance was a significant physiological factor responsible for the greater canopy photosynthesis in Takanari over Koshihikari. Takanari had 30%-40% higher stomatal conductance than Koshihikari; however, the presence of high aerodynamic resistance in the natural field and lower canopy temperature of Takanari than Koshihikari resulted in the small difference in evapotranspiration. Despite the small difference in evapotranspiration between varieties, the model simulations showed that Takanari clearly decreased canopy and air temperatures within the planetary boundary layer compared to Koshihikari. Our results indicate that lowland rice varieties characterized by high-stomatal conductance can play a key role in enhancing productivity and moderating heat-induced damage to grain quality in the coming decades, without significantly increasing crop water use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ikawa
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Charles P Chen
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA, USA
| | - Martin Sikma
- Centre for Crop System Analysis, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mayumi Yoshimoto
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Sakai
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokida
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Usui
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Large-scale Farming Research Division, NARO Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Keisuke Ono
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Maruyama
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Watanabe
- Water and Material Cycles Division, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kuwagata
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hasegawa
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Morioka, Japan
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17
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De Souza AP, Massenburg LN, Jaiswal D, Cheng S, Shekar R, Long SP. Rooting for cassava: insights into photosynthesis and associated physiology as a route to improve yield potential. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:50-65. [PMID: 27778353 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Contents 50 I. 50 II. 52 III. 54 IV. 55 V. 57 VI. 57 VII. 59 60 References 61 SUMMARY: As a consequence of an increase in world population, food demand is expected to grow by up to 110% in the next 30-35 yr. The population of sub-Saharan Africa is projected to increase by > 120%. In this region, cassava (Manihot esculenta) is the second most important source of calories and contributes c. 30% of the daily calorie requirements per person. Despite its importance, the average yield of cassava in Africa has not increased significantly since 1961. An evaluation of modern cultivars of cassava showed that the interception efficiency (ɛi ) of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the efficiency of conversion of that intercepted PAR (ɛc ) are major opportunities for genetic improvement of the yield potential. This review examines what is known of the physiological processes underlying productivity in cassava and seeks to provide some strategies and directions toward yield improvement through genetic alterations to physiology to increase ɛi and ɛc . Possible physiological limitations, as well as environmental constraints, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P De Souza
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Lynnicia N Massenburg
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Deepak Jaiswal
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Rachel Shekar
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Stephen P Long
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
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18
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Yamaguchi DP, Nakaji T, Hiura T, Hikosaka K. Effects of seasonal change and experimental warming on the temperature dependence of photosynthesis in the canopy leaves of Quercus serrata. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:1283-1295. [PMID: 27107017 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of warming on the temperature response of leaf photosynthesis have become an area of major concern in recent decades. Although growth temperature (GT) and day length (DL) affect leaf gas exchange characteristics, the way in which these factors influence the temperature dependence of photosynthesis remains uncertain. We established open-top canopy chambers at the canopy top of a deciduous forest, in which average daytime leaf temperature was increased by 1.0 °C. We conducted gas exchange measurements for the canopy leaves of deciduous trees exposed to artificial warming during different seasons. The carbon dioxide assimilation rate at 20 °C (A20) was not affected by warming, whereas that at 25 °C (A25) tended to be higher in leaves exposed to warming. Warming increased the optimal temperature of photosynthesis by increasing the activation energy for the maximum rate of carboxylation. Regression analysis indicated that both GT and DL strongly influenced gas exchange characteristics. Sensitivity analysis revealed that DL affected A without obvious effects on the temperature dependence of A, whereas GT almost maintained constant A20 and strongly influenced the temperature dependence. These results indicate that GT and DL have different influences on photosynthesis; GT and DL affect the 'slope' and intercept' of the temperature dependence of photosynthesis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke P Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578 Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Nakaji
- Tomakomai Research Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Tomakomai, 053-0035 Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsutom Hiura
- Tomakomai Research Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Tomakomai, 053-0035 Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kouki Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578 Miyagi, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 102-0076 Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Sun J, Sun J, Feng Z. Modelling photosynthesis in flag leaves of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) considering the variation in photosynthesis parameters during development. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2015; 42:1036-1044. [PMID: 32480743 DOI: 10.1071/fp15140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Farquhar-von Caemmerer-Berry (FvCB) model of photosynthesis has been widely used to estimate the photosynthetic C flux of plants under different growth conditions. However, the seasonal fluctuation of some photosynthesis parameters (e.g. the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco (Vcmax), the maximum electron transport rate (Jmax) and internal mesophyll conductance to CO2 transport (gm)) is not considered in the FvCB model. In this study, we investigated the patterns of the FvCB parameters during flag leaf development based on measured photosynthesis-intercellular CO2 curves in two cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Parameterised seasonal patterns of photosynthesis parameters in the FvCB model have subsequently been applied in order to predict the photosynthesis of flag leaves. The results indicate that the Gaussian curve characterises the dynamic patterns of Vcmax, Jmax and gm well. Compared with the model with fixed photosynthesis parameter values, updating the FvCB model by considering seasonal changes in Vcmax and Jmax during flag leaf development slightly improved predictions of photosynthesis. However, if the updated FvCB model incorporated the seasonal patterns of Vcmax and Jmax, and also of gm, predictions of photosynthesis was improved a lot, matching well with the measurements (R2=0.87, P<0.0001). This suggests that the dynamics of photosynthesis parameters, particularly gm, play an important role in estimating the photosynthesis rate of winter wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | | | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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Rosenthal DM, Ruiz-Vera UM, Siebers MH, Gray SB, Bernacchi CJ, Ort DR. Biochemical acclimation, stomatal limitation and precipitation patterns underlie decreases in photosynthetic stimulation of soybean (Glycine max) at elevated [CO₂] and temperatures under fully open air field conditions. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 226:136-46. [PMID: 25113459 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The net effect of elevated [CO2] and temperature on photosynthetic acclimation and plant productivity is poorly resolved. We assessed the effects of canopy warming and fully open air [CO2] enrichment on (1) the acclimation of two biochemical parameters that frequently limit photosynthesis (A), the maximum carboxylation capacity of Rubisco (Vc,max) and the maximum potential linear electron flux through photosystem II (Jmax), (2) the associated responses of leaf structural and chemical properties related to A, as well as (3) the stomatal limitation (l) imposed on A, for soybean over two growing seasons in a conventionally managed agricultural field in Illinois, USA. Acclimation to elevated [CO2] was consistent over two growing seasons with respect to Vc,max and Jmax. However, elevated temperature significantly decreased Jmax contributing to lower photosynthetic stimulation by elevated CO2. Large seasonal differences in precipitation altered soil moisture availability modulating the complex effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on biochemical and structural properties related to A. Elevated temperature also reduced the benefit of elevated [CO2] by eliminating decreases in stomatal limitation at elevated [CO2]. These results highlight the critical importance of considering multiple environmental factors (i.e. temperature, moisture, [CO2]) when trying to predict plant productivity in the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Rosenthal
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Ursula M Ruiz-Vera
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Matthew H Siebers
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sharon B Gray
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Carl J Bernacchi
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Donald R Ort
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Punithan D, Kim DK, McKay RI(B. Spatio-temporal dynamics and quantification of daisyworld in two-dimensional coupled map lattices. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Photosynthetic characteristics of Stipa purpurea under irrigation in northern Tibet and its short-term response to temperature and CO 2 concentration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1258.2011.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chandra S, Lata H, Khan IA, ElSohly MA. Temperature response of photosynthesis in different drug and fiber varieties of Cannabis sativa L. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 17:297-303. [PMID: 23573022 PMCID: PMC3550580 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-011-0068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The temperature response on gas and water vapour exchange characteristics of three medicinal drug type (HP Mexican, MX and W1) and four industrial fiber type (Felinq 34, Kompolty, Zolo 11 and Zolo 15) varieties of Cannabis sativa, originally from different agro-climatic zones worldwide, were studied. Among the drug type varieties, optimum temperature for photosynthesis (Topt) was observed in the range of 30-35 °C in high potency Mexican HPM whereas, it was in the range of 25-30 °C in W1. A comparatively lower value (25 °C) for Topt was observed in MX. Among fiber type varieties, Topt was around 30 °C in Zolo 11 and Zolo 15 whereas, it was near 25 °C in Felinq 34 and Kompolty. Varieties having higher maximum photosynthesis (PN max) had higher chlorophyll content as compared to those having lower PN max. Differences in water use efficiency (WUE) were also observed within and among the drug and fiber type plants. However, differences became less pronounced at higher temperatures. Both stomatal and mesophyll components seem to be responsible for the temperature dependence of photosynthesis (PN) in this species, however, their magnitude varied with the variety. In general, a two fold increase in dark respiration with increase in temperature (from 20 °C to 40 °C) was observed in all the varieties. However, a greater increase was associated with the variety having higher rate of photosynthesis, indicating a strong association between photosynthetic and respiratory rates. The results provide a valuable indication regarding variations in temperature dependence of PN in different varieties of Cannabis sativa L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Chandra
- />National Center for Natural Product Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - Hemant Lata
- />National Center for Natural Product Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- />National Center for Natural Product Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
- />Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - Mahmoud A. ElSohly
- />National Center for Natural Product Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
- />Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
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Xu L, Henke M, Zhu J, Kurth W, Buck-Sorlin G. A functional-structural model of rice linking quantitative genetic information with morphological development and physiological processes. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 107:817-28. [PMID: 21247905 PMCID: PMC3077984 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of yield-related traits for rice has developed rapidly, crop models using genotype information have been proposed only relatively recently. As a first step towards a generic genotype-phenotype model, we present here a three-dimensional functional-structural plant model (FSPM) of rice, in which some model parameters are controlled by functions describing the effect of main-effect and epistatic QTLs. METHODS The model simulates the growth and development of rice based on selected ecophysiological processes, such as photosynthesis (source process) and organ formation, growth and extension (sink processes). It was devised using GroIMP, an interactive modelling platform based on the Relational Growth Grammar formalism (RGG). RGG rules describe the course of organ initiation and extension resulting in final morphology. The link between the phenotype (as represented by the simulated rice plant) and the QTL genotype was implemented via a data interface between the rice FSPM and the QTLNetwork software, which computes predictions of QTLs from map data and measured trait data. KEY RESULTS Using plant height and grain yield, it is shown how QTL information for a given trait can be used in an FSPM, computing and visualizing the phenotypes of different lines of a mapping population. Furthermore, we demonstrate how modification of a particular trait feeds back on the entire plant phenotype via the physiological processes considered. CONCLUSIONS We linked a rice FSPM to a quantitative genetic model, thereby employing QTL information to refine model parameters and visualizing the dynamics of development of the entire phenotype as a result of ecophysiological processes, including the trait(s) for which genetic information is available. Possibilities for further extension of the model, for example for the purposes of ideotype breeding, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, 310029 Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Ecoinformatics, Biometrics and Forest Growth, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Henke
- Department of Ecoinformatics, Biometrics and Forest Growth, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jun Zhu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, 310029 Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Winfried Kurth
- Department of Ecoinformatics, Biometrics and Forest Growth, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Buck-Sorlin
- Wageningen UR, Department Biometris, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Alonso A, Pérez P, Martínez-Carrasco R. Growth in elevated CO2 enhances temperature response of photosynthesis in wheat. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2009; 135:109-120. [PMID: 19055543 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of C(3) photosynthesis may be altered by the growth environment. The effects of long-term growth in elevated CO(2) on photosynthesis temperature response have been investigated in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in controlled chambers with 370 or 700 mumol mol(-1) CO(2) from sowing through to anthesis. Gas exchange was measured in flag leaves at ear emergence, and the parameters of a biochemical photosynthesis model were determined along with their temperature responses. Elevated CO(2) slightly decreased the CO(2) compensation point and increased the rate of respiration in the light and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) V(cmax), although the latter effect was reversed at 15 degrees C. With elevated CO(2), J(max) decreased in the 15-25 degrees C temperature range and increased at 30 and 35 degrees C. The temperature response (activation energy) of V(cmax) and J(max) increased with growth in elevated CO(2). CO(2) enrichment decreased the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP)-limited photosynthesis rates at lower temperatures and increased Rubisco- and RuBP-limited rates at higher temperatures. The results show that the photosynthesis temperature response is enhanced by growth in elevated CO(2). We conclude that if temperature acclimation and factors such as nutrients or water availability do not modify or negate this enhancement, the effects of future increases in air CO(2) on photosynthetic electron transport and Rubisco kinetics may improve the photosynthetic response of wheat to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Alonso
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
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Matsumoto Y, Oikawa S, Yasumura Y, Hirose T, Hikosaka K. Reproductive yield of individuals competing for light in a dense stand of an annual, Xanthium canadense. Oecologia 2008; 157:185-95. [PMID: 18535841 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-008-1062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In a dense stand, individuals compete with each other for resources, especially for light. Light availability decreases with increasing depth in the canopy, thus light competition becoming stronger with time in the vegetative phase. In the reproductive phase, on the other hand, leaves start senescing, and the light environment, particularly of smaller individuals, will be improved. To study the effect of change in light climate on reproduction of individuals, we established an experimental stand of an annual, Xanthium canadense, and assessed temporal changes in whole plant photosynthesis through the reproductive phase with particular reference to light availability of individuals. At flowering, 83% of individuals were still alive, but only 27% survived to set seeds. Most of the individuals that died in the reproductive phase were smaller than those that produced seeds. Individuals that died at the early stage of the reproductive phase had a lower leaf to stem mass ratio, suggesting that the fate of individuals was determined partly by the pattern of biomass allocation in this period. At the early stage of the reproductive phase, leaf area index (LAI) of the stand was high and larger individuals had higher whole plant photosynthesis than smaller individuals. Although light availability at later stages was improved with reduction in LAI, whole plant photosynthesis was very low in all individuals due to a lower light use efficiency, which was caused by a decrease in photosynthetic N use efficiency. We conclude that light competition was still strong at the early stage of the reproductive phase and that later improvement of light availability did not ameliorate the photosynthesis of smaller individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
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TANI T, ARAI R, TAKO Y. Temperature Dependence of Bulk Respiration of Crop Stands—Measurement and Model Fitting. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/18811248.2007.9711330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Oikawa S, Hikosaka K, Hirose T. Leaf lifespan and lifetime carbon balance of individual leaves in a stand of an annual herb, Xanthium canadense. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2006; 172:104-16. [PMID: 16945093 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Leaf lifespan in response to resource availability has been documented in many studies, but it still remains uncertain what determines the timing of leaf shedding. Here, we evaluate the lifetime carbon (C) balance of a leaf in a canopy as influenced by nitrogen (N) availability. Stands of Xanthium canadense were established with high-nitrogen (HN) and low-nitrogen (LN) treatments and temporal changes of C gain of individual leaves were investigated with a canopy photosynthesis model. Daily C gain of a leaf was maximal early in its development and subsequently declined. Daily C gain at shedding was nearly zero in HN, while it was still positive in LN. Sensitivity analyses showed that the decline in the daily C gain resulted primarily from the reduction in light level in HN and by the reduction in leaf N in LN. Smaller leaf size in LN than in HN led to higher light levels in the canopy, which helped leaves of the LN stand maintain for a longer period. These results suggest that the mechanism by which leaf lifespan is determined changes depending on the availability of the resource that is most limiting to plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Oikawa
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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