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Zhou M, Jin X, Jiang M, Lü X, Lou Y. Helophytes adapt to water and N-enrichment stresses by adjusting and coordinating stoichiometry characteristics in main organs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165538. [PMID: 37454833 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the adaptation strategies of plants under stressful environments from an ecological stoichiometry perspective is a critical but underexplored research topic, and multi-organ collaborative research for multi-species can provide a comprehensive understanding. In this study, helophytes were selected as the subjects, and water depth and water N-enrichment were set as the stressors. A simulation experiment including three water depths (drought stress, control and flooding stress) and four water N-enrichment levels (control, low, medium and high N-enrichment stresses) for six helophyte species was carried out. Overall, C concentrations in all plant organs remained stable under water (drought-flooding stress) and N-enrichment stress. N concentrations increased under both flooding and drought stresses, while P concentrations and the N:P ratio showed an increase and decrease under only flooding stress, respectively. N concentration and N:P ratio increased with water N-enrichment level. The interaction only promoted the accumulation of N concentrations in aboveground organs. Especially, several species also changed organ C concentrations to adapt to water stress and adjusted root N concentrations for the combined stresses of flooding or drought and high N. Leaf and stem were strongly synergistic in N element, and leaf and root were mainly synergistic in P element. Water N-enrichment determined organ element concentrations more than water depth, and species identity dictated organ C:N:P ratios. Our results reveal that the allocation and synergy of nutrients among organs are important adaptive strategies for plants in stressful environments. Meanwhile, increasing water N-enrichment can be an unignored stressor, and species identity should be paid attention as a countermeasure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianglong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Xianguo Lü
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yanjing Lou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
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Chen YH, Wei GW, Cui Y, Luo FL. Nutrient Inputs Alleviate Negative Effects of Early and Subsequent Flooding on Growth of Polygonum hydropiper With the Aid of Adventitious Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:919409. [PMID: 35937344 PMCID: PMC9355131 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.919409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Riparian plants are exposed to harmful stress induced by flooding, which is often accompanied by eutrophication in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region. The phenomenon is mainly caused by domestic sewage discharges, slow water flow, and agricultural fertilizer pollution. Simulating abiotic stress, such as flooding at the initial period, can act as a signal and induce positive responses of plants to subsequent severe stress. In addition, eutrophication supplies nutrients, provides a favorable environment in the early stages of plant, and facilitates good performance in later development. However, whether early flooding (with or without eutrophication) acts as positive cue or as stress on plants at different developmental stages remains unclear. To address this question, seeds of Polygonum hydropiper were collected from low and high elevations in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region. Plants germinated from these seeds were subjected to shallower and shorter early flooding treatments with or without eutrophication. Subsequently, plants were subjected to deeper and longer flooding treatments with or without eutrophication. Early flooding and eutrophic flooding significantly induced generation of adventitious roots, suggesting morphological adaptation to flooding. Although early flooding and eutrophic flooding treatments did not increase plant biomass in subsequent treatments compared with control, stem length, length and width of the 1st fully expanded leaf, and biomass of plants in the early eutrophic treatment were higher than these of the early flooding treatment plants. These results suggest a negative lag-effect of early flooding, and also indicate that nutrient inputs can alleviate such effects. Similarly, subsequent eutrophic flooding also enhanced plant growth compared with subsequent flooding, showing significantly higher values of leaf traits and adventitious root number. Plants originated from low elevation had significantly higher functional leaf length and stem biomass compared with those from high elevation. These results suggest that nutrient inputs can alleviate negative effects of early and subsequent flooding on growth of P. hydropiper with the generation of adventitious roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chen
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Wen Wei
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Li Luo
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
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Ding Z, Liu Y, Lou Y, Jiang M, Li H, Lü X. How soil ion stress and type influence the flooding adaptive strategies of Phragmites australis and Bolboschoenus planiculmis in temperate saline-alkaline wetlands? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:144654. [PMID: 33545459 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil saline-alkaline stress and flooding extremes have been projected to be the main factors influencing the degradation of marsh plants in wetlands worldwide, which would affect their ecological functions (i.e. food source for migrating birds). Plants cope with flooding either by escaping from below water through shoot elongation or by remaining quiescent until water subsides. However, little is known about the adaptive strategies of Phragmites australis and Bolboschoenus planiculmis to flooding combined with salinity-alkalinity, which are the key environmental filters in Western Songnen Plain, China. Accordingly, this study investigated the adaptive strategies of P. australis and B. planiculmis subjected to the interacting effects of flooding and soil ion stress under field and greenhouse conditions. Results showed that the two species adopted different strategies to survive flooding. P. australis exhibited an escape strategy because of leaf and shoot elongation with increasing flooding depth whereas B. planiculmis became quiescent with no or deceased leaf and shoot elongation and biomass accumulation. High soil ion stress changed the flooding adaptive strategy of P. australis to a quiescence strategy, whereas B. planiculmis remained quiescent with increasing flooding depth at each soil ion content. The strategies of the two species were changed by alkaline ion stress but not by saline ion stress, and they exhibited different adaptive responses. High alkaline ion stress induced P. australis to remain quiescent with increasing flooding depth, whereas low alkaline ion stress promoted B. planicumis to escape from below water, probably due to the buffer effect of low alkaline ion contents outside the roots probably. Hence, P. australis and B. planicumis might adopt the quiescence strategy with increasing degree of soil salinization and alkalization under high greenhouse gas emissions scenarios in Western Songnen Plain, which may lead to severe degradation of the two kinds of marshes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ding
- The Three Gorges Institute of Ecological Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Kast Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ying Liu
- The Three Gorges Institute of Ecological Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Yanjing Lou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Ming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xianguo Lü
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China
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Iturralde Elortegui MDRM, Berone GD, Striker GG, Martinefsky MJ, Monterubbianesi MG, Assuero SG. Anatomical, morphological and growth responses of Thinopyrum ponticum plants subjected to partial and complete submergence during early stages of development. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:757-768. [PMID: 32464086 DOI: 10.1071/fp19170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seedling recruitment and growth of forage grasses in flood-prone grasslands is often impaired by submergence. We evaluate the responses of Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkw. & Dewey to partial and complete submergence at two early stages of development. Two greenhouse experiments were carried out with plants at three expanded leaves (Experiment 1) or five expanded leaves stage (Experiment 2). In each case, three treatments were applied for 14 days: control (C), partial submergence (PS; water level to half plant height), and complete submergence (CS; water level to 1.5 times plant height). Submergence was followed by a recovery period of 14 days at well drained conditions. Assessments included plant survival, height, leaf blade and pseudostem length, soluble carbohydrates in pseudostem, and shoot and root dry mass accumulation at the beginning and end of the submergence, and at the end of the recovery period. Root aerenchyma formation was determined on day 14 in both experiments. Under PS all plants survived, and the impact of the stress was related to the plants' developmental stage. However, plants with five expanded leaves increased total plant biomass with respect to control by 48%, plants with three expanded leaves reduced it by the same percentage. This response could be related to a higher ability to form root aerenchyma (17 vs 10%), and an enhanced leaf de-submergence capacity due to promoted leaf blade and pseudostem lengthening. Complete submergence treatment compromised the survival of 70% of the individuals with three expanded leaves but did not affect the survival at the five expanded leaves stage. In any developmental stage (three or five expanded leaves) plants fail to promote enough elongation of leaf blades or pseudostems to emerge from the water, so that always remained below the water surface. Root aerenchyma was not increased by CS at either of these two plant developmental stages. The high amount and concentration of pseudostem total soluble carbohydrates of the larger (five expanded leaves) plants facilitated their recovery growth after submergence. Our results predict the successful introduction of this species in areas where water excesses can cause soil waterlogging or shallow-partial plant submergence, but suggest avoidance of areas prone to suffer high-intensity flooding that lead to full plant submergence as this would highly constrain plant recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Germán D Berone
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA Balcarce, Ruta Nacional 226 km 73.5, C.C. 276, B7620BKL Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta Nacional 226 km 73.5, C.C. 276, B7620BKL Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo G Striker
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Av. San Martín 4453, CPA 1417, DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina; and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - María J Martinefsky
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), AER Olavarría, Alsina 2642, B7400COJ Olavarría, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María G Monterubbianesi
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta Nacional 226 km 73.5, C.C. 276, B7620BKL Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia G Assuero
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta Nacional 226 km 73.5, C.C. 276, B7620BKL Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Nakamura M, Noguchi K. Tolerant mechanisms to O 2 deficiency under submergence conditions in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:343-371. [PMID: 32185673 PMCID: PMC7214491 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Wetland plants can tolerate long-term strict hypoxia and anoxic conditions and the subsequent re-oxidative stress compared to terrestrial plants. During O2 deficiency, both wetland and terrestrial plants use NAD(P)+ and ATP that are produced during ethanol fermentation, sucrose degradation, and major amino acid metabolisms. The oxidation of NADH by non-phosphorylating pathways in the mitochondrial respiratory chain is common in both terrestrial and wetland plants. As the wetland plants enhance and combine these traits especially in their roots, they can survive under long-term hypoxic and anoxic stresses. Wetland plants show two contrasting strategies, low O2 escape and low O2 quiescence strategies (LOES and LOQS, respectively). Differences between two strategies are ascribed to the different signaling networks related to phytohormones. During O2 deficiency, LOES-type plants show several unique traits such as shoot elongation, aerenchyma formation and leaf acclimation, whereas the LOQS-type plants cease their growth and save carbohydrate reserves. Many wetland plants utilize NH4+ as the nitrogen (N) source without NH4+-dependent respiratory increase, leading to efficient respiratory O2 consumption in roots. In contrast, some wetland plants with high O2 supply system efficiently use NO3- from the soil where nitrification occurs. The differences in the N utilization strategies relate to the different systems of anaerobic ATP production, the NO2--driven ATP production and fermentation. The different N utilization strategies are functionally related to the hypoxia or anoxia tolerance in the wetland plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoka Nakamura
- Department of Bio-Production, Faculty of Bio-Industry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan.
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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Chen XS, Li YF, Cai YH, Xie YH, Deng ZM, Li F, Hou ZY. Differential Strategies to Tolerate Flooding in Polygonum hydropiper Plants Originating From Low- and High-Elevation Habitats. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1970. [PMID: 30687365 PMCID: PMC6333866 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In species that occur over a wide range of flooding conditions, plant populations may have evolved divergent strategies as a consequence of long-term adaptation to local flooding conditions. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a flooding gradient on the growth and carbohydrate reserves of Polygonum hydropiper plants originating from low- and high-elevation habitats in the Dongting Lake wetlands. The results indicated that shoot length did not differ, whereas the total biomass and carbohydrate reserves were reduced under flooded compared to well-drained conditions for plants originating from both habitat types. However, shoot length, shoot mass, rhizome mass, and total biomass were lower in plants from low-elevation habitats than in those from high-elevation habitats in the flooded condition. Soluble sugar and starch contents in belowground biomass were higher in plants from low-elevation habitats than in those from high-elevation habitats independently of the water level. Therefore, P. hydropiper plants from low-elevation habitats exhibit a lower growth rate and more conservative energy strategy to cope with flooding in comparison with plants from high-elevation habitats. Differential strategies to cope with flooding among P. hydropiper populations are most likely a response to the flooding pressures of the habitat of origin and may potentially drive ecotype differentiation within species along flooding gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yun-He Cai
- The Faculty of Geography and Resources Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-Hong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng-Miao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Baattrup-Pedersen A, Garssen A, Göthe E, Hoffmann CC, Oddershede A, Riis T, van Bodegom PM, Larsen SE, Soons M. Structural and functional responses of plant communities to climate change-mediated alterations in the hydrology of riparian areas in temperate Europe. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:4120-4135. [PMID: 29721285 PMCID: PMC5916274 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrology of riparian areas changes rapidly these years because of climate change‐mediated alterations in precipitation patterns. In this study, we used a large‐scale in situ experimental approach to explore effects of drought and flooding on plant taxonomic diversity and functional trait composition in riparian areas in temperate Europe. We found significant effects of flooding and drought in all study areas, the effects being most pronounced under flooded conditions. In near‐stream areas, taxonomic diversity initially declined in response to both drought and flooding (although not significantly so in all years) and remained stable under drought conditions, whereas the decline continued under flooded conditions. For most traits, we found clear indications that the functional diversity also declined under flooded conditions, particularly in near‐stream areas, indicating that fewer strategies succeeded under flooded conditions. Consistent changes in community mean trait values were also identified, but fewer than expected. This can have several, not mutually exclusive, explanations. First, different adaptive strategies may coexist in a community. Second, intraspecific variability was not considered for any of the traits. For example, many species can elongate shoots and petioles that enable them to survive shallow, prolonged flooding but such abilities will not be captured when applying mean trait values. Third, we only followed the communities for 3 years. Flooding excludes species intolerant of the altered hydrology, whereas the establishment of new species relies on time‐dependent processes, for instance the dispersal and establishment of species within the areas. We expect that altered precipitation patterns will have profound consequences for riparian vegetation in temperate Europe. Riparian areas will experience loss of taxonomic and functional diversity and, over time, possibly also alterations in community trait responses that may have cascading effects on ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emma Göthe
- Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Silkeborg Denmark.,Section for Ecology and Biodiversity Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | | | | | - Tenna Riis
- Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Søren E Larsen
- Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Silkeborg Denmark
| | - Merel Soons
- Department of Biology Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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Böckelmann J, Tremetsberger K, Šumberová K, Grausgruber H, Bernhardt KG. Fitness and growth of the ephemeral mudflat species Cyperus fuscus in river and anthropogenic habitats in response to fluctuating water-levels. FLORA 2017; 234:135-149. [PMID: 31719726 PMCID: PMC6850911 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyperus fuscus is a representative of threatened ephemeral wetland plant communities in summer-dry shoreline habitats. We compared variation and plasticity in traits related to fitness and growth of plants germinating from the soil seed bank and established plants from river and secondary anthropogenic habitats. Plants from sites at rivers, fishponds and fish storage ponds were cultivated and selfed to get homogenous seed material for a germination and an environmental manipulation experiment involving three different water regimes. Differences in traits and their plasticities were evaluated by means of linear mixed models. Cyperus fuscus followed a low-oxygen escape strategy when flooded. Seeds of plants derived from the soil seed bank germinated faster than seeds of plants derived from established plants suggesting that short-term selection of genotypes is mediated by the particular conditions on the site during germination. The experiment revealed significant differences between river and secondary habitats as well as between the soil seed bank and established plants. For example, plants from river habitats produced the highest number of culms with inflorescences. The difference was most evident under partial submergence. Plants from fish storage ponds rapidly reached the reproductive phase, but produced less culms with inflorescences. This seemingly allows them to cope with numerous and irregular disturbances and intensive substrate moisture changes. Our results suggest that populations have adapted to conditions at secondary habitats provided by fish farming during the last centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Böckelmann
- Institute of Botany, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor Mendel-Straβe 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Tremetsberger
- Institute of Botany, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor Mendel-Straβe 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kateřina Šumberová
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Heinrich Grausgruber
- Division of Plant Breeding, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz-Straβe 24, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Karl-Georg Bernhardt
- Institute of Botany, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor Mendel-Straβe 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Zhang Q, Huber H, Beljaars SJM, Birnbaum D, de Best S, de Kroon H, Visser EJW. Benefits of flooding-induced aquatic adventitious roots depend on the duration of submergence: linking plant performance to root functioning. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 120:171-180. [PMID: 28586427 PMCID: PMC5737540 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Temporal flooding is a common environmental stress for terrestrial plants. Aquatic adventitious roots (aquatic roots) are commonly formed in flooding-tolerant plant species and are generally assumed to be beneficial for plant growth by supporting water and nutrient uptake during partial flooding. However, the actual contribution of these roots to plant performance under flooding has hardly been quantified. As the investment into aquatic root development in terms of carbohydrates may be costly, these costs may - depending on the specific environmental conditions - offset the beneficial effects of aquatic roots. This study tested the hypothesis that the balance between potential costs and benefits depends on the duration of flooding, as the benefits are expected to outweigh the costs in long-term but not in short-term flooding. Methods The contribution of aquatic roots to plant performance was tested in Solanum dulcamara during 1-4 weeks of partial submergence and by experimentally manipulating root production. Nutrient uptake by aquatic roots, transpiration and photosynthesis were measured in plants differing in aquatic root development to assess the specific function of these roots. Key Results As predicted, flooded plants benefited from the presence of aquatic roots. The results showed that this was probably due to the contribution of roots to resource uptake. However, these beneficial effects were only present in long-term but not in short-term flooding. This relationship could be explained by the correlation between nutrient uptake and the flooding duration-dependent size of the aquatic root system. Conclusions The results indicate that aquatic root formation is likely to be selected for in habitats characterized by long-term flooding. This study also revealed only limited costs associated with adventitious root formation, which may explain the maintenance of the ability to produce aquatic roots in habitats characterized by very rare or short flooding events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Heidrun Huber
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Simone J. M. Beljaars
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Diana Birnbaum
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sander de Best
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans de Kroon
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric J. W. Visser
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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10
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Wright AJ, de Kroon H, Visser EJW, Buchmann T, Ebeling A, Eisenhauer N, Fischer C, Hildebrandt A, Ravenek J, Roscher C, Weigelt A, Weisser W, Voesenek LACJ, Mommer L. Plants are less negatively affected by flooding when growing in species-rich plant communities. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:645-656. [PMID: 27717024 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Flooding is expected to increase in frequency and severity in the future. The ecological consequences of flooding are the combined result of species-specific plant traits and ecological context. However, the majority of past flooding research has focused on individual model species under highly controlled conditions. An early summer flooding event in a grassland biodiversity experiment in Jena, Germany, provided the opportunity to assess flooding responses of 60 grassland species in monocultures and 16-species mixtures. We examined plant biomass, species-specific traits (plant height, specific leaf area (SLA), root aerenchyma, starch content) and soil porosity. We found that, on average, plant species were less negatively affected by the flood when grown in higher-diversity plots in July 2013. By September 2013, grasses were unaffected by the flood regardless of plant diversity, and legumes were severely negatively affected regardless of plant diversity. Plants with greater SLA and more root aerenchyma performed better in September. Soil porosity was higher in higher-diversity plots and had a positive effect on plant performance. As floods become more frequent and severe in the future, growing flood-sensitive plants in higher-diversity communities and in soil with greater soil aeration may attenuate the most negative effects of flooding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Wright
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- FIT - Science & Mathematics, 227 W 27th St., New York, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Hans de Kroon
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric J W Visser
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tina Buchmann
- Department Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anne Ebeling
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Fischer
- Institute of Geoscience, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Burgweg 11, D-07749, Jena, Germany
- Department of Conservation Biology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Hildebrandt
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Geoscience, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Burgweg 11, D-07749, Jena, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Janneke Ravenek
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christiane Roscher
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Physiological Diversity, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weisser
- Lehrstuhl für Terrestrische Ökologie, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Laurentius A C J Voesenek
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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11
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Matsubara Y, Sakai S. The role of flood regime on invasive success of exotic species growing in riparian environments. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-1049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Zhang Q, Visser EJW, de Kroon H, Huber H. Life cycle stage and water depth affect flooding-induced adventitious root formation in the terrestrial species Solanum dulcamara. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:279-90. [PMID: 26105188 PMCID: PMC4512197 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Flooding can occur at any stage of the life cycle of a plant, but often adaptive responses of plants are only studied at a single developmental stage. It may be anticipated that juvenile plants may respond differently from mature plants, as the amount of stored resources may differ and morphological changes can be constrained. Moreover, different water depths may require different strategies to cope with the flooding stress, the expression of which may also depend on developmental stage. This study investigated whether flooding-induced adventitious root formation and plant growth were affected by flooding depth in Solanum dulcamara plants at different developmental stages. METHODS Juvenile plants without pre-formed adventitious root primordia and mature plants with primordia were subjected to shallow flooding or deep flooding for 5 weeks. Plant growth and the timing of adventitious root formation were monitored during the flooding treatments. KEY RESULTS Adventitious root formation in response to shallow flooding was significantly constrained in juvenile S. dulcamara plants compared with mature plants, and was delayed by deep flooding compared with shallow flooding. Complete submergence suppressed adventitious root formation until up to 2 weeks after shoots restored contact with the atmosphere. Independent of developmental stage, a strong positive correlation was found between adventitious root formation and total biomass accumulation during shallow flooding. CONCLUSIONS The potential to deploy an escape strategy (i.e. adventitious root formation) may change throughout a plant's life cycle, and is largely dependent on flooding depth. Adaptive responses at a given stage of the life cycle thus do not necessarily predict how the plant responds to flooding in another growth stage. As variation in adventitious root formation also correlates with finally attained biomass, this variation may form the basis for variation in resistance to shallow flooding among plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric J W Visser
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans de Kroon
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Heidrun Huber
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Chen X, Cao C, Deng Z, Xie Y, Li F, Hou Z, Li X. Assessment of regeneration potential in the clonal macrophyte Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Poaceae) after burial disturbance based on bud bank size and sprouting capacity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120846. [PMID: 25785628 PMCID: PMC4365040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The demography of the bud bank and its sprouting capacity are important for understanding the population dynamics of clonal plants and their potential responses to disturbances. To this end, we investigated the size and composition of the bud bank of Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack. immediately after flooding (November), in winter (January), in spring (March), and before flooding (May) in the wetlands of Dongting Lake. We then examined the sprouting capacity of axillary buds after sediment burial at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm. Total bud density of M. sacchariflorus ranged from 2524 buds m(-2) in November to 4293 buds m(-2) in March. Rhizome segments with inactive axillary buds, which represented the majority of the bud population (88.7% in November, 93.3% in May), did not sprout during the 140 days of the experiment (n = 250). The sprouting ratio was the highest for active axillary buds buried at 0 cm (64%) and decreased when buried at 10-20 cm (34%-40%). Due to the large number of active axillary buds in the bud bank (211-277 buds m(-2) from November to the following March), M. sacchariflorus could completely replace its aboveground shoot population, except in May (142 buds m(-2)). Increasing burial depth delayed bud emergence and reduced the growth period of shoots; however, burial depth did not affect the resulting plant height and only reduced the accumulated biomass at 20 cm. Therefore, the belowground bud bank and its strong sprouting capacity are important factors in the maintenance of local populations and colonization of new habitats for M. sacchariflorus after burial disturbances. The present methodology, which combined measurements of bud bank demography and sprouting capacity, may reflect the regeneration potential of clonal plants after burial disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chenshu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Garden and Food Processing, Shangqiu Polytechnic, Shangqiu, Henan, China
| | - Zhengmiao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yonghong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiyong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang, Hunan, China
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14
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Quantifying the Variability of Internode Allometry within and between Trees for Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. Using a Multilevel Nonlinear Mixed-Effect Model. FORESTS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/f5112825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Xu L, Huber H, During HJ, Dong M, Anten NPR. Intraspecific variation of a desert shrub species in phenotypic plasticity in response to sand burial. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 199:991-1000. [PMID: 23672194 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Shoot elongation is one of the main plastic responses of plants to burial, a ubiquitous stress factor in dry ecosystems. Yet, intraspecific variation in this response to burial and the extent to which this variation is functionally coordinated with variation in other trait responses are largely unknown. We subjected seedlings of the shrub Caragana intermedia from 18 maternal parents (i.e. different half-sib families) to repeated partial burial to investigate how burial affects shoot growth, stem mechanical traits and associated plasticity. Burial increased both stem elongation and diameter growth of plants, but decreased biomass production. Half-sib families had different rates of shoot elongation, and differed in their response to burial with respect to biomechanical stem properties. Across half-sib families, the magnitude of these responses in mechanical traits was positively correlated with the magnitude of the stem elongation response. These results indicate that plasticity in different stem traits in response to sand burial and intraspecific variation therein are functionally coordinated with respect to mechanical stability. The results emphasize the importance of considering functionally coordinated traits when analyzing phenotypic plasticity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.84, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Heidrun Huber
- Experimental Plant Ecology, IWWR, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Heinjo J During
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.84, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ming Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Niels P R Anten
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, PO Box 430, NL-6700 AK, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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16
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Striker GG. Time is on our side: the importance of considering a recovery period when assessing flooding tolerance in plants. Ecol Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-012-0978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Akman M, Bhikharie AV, McLean EH, Boonman A, Visser EJW, Schranz ME, van Tienderen PH. Wait or escape? Contrasting submergence tolerance strategies of Rorippa amphibia, Rorippa sylvestris and their hybrid. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 109:1263-76. [PMID: 22499857 PMCID: PMC3359918 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Differential responses of closely related species to submergence can provide insight into the evolution and mechanisms of submergence tolerance. Several traits of two wetland species from habitats with contrasting flooding regimes, Rorippa amphibia and Rorippa sylvestris, as well as F(1) hybrid Rorippa × anceps were analysed to unravel mechanisms underlying submergence tolerance. METHODS In the first submergence experiment (lasting 20 d) we analysed biomass, stem elongation and carbohydrate content. In the second submergence experiment (lasting 3 months) we analysed survival and the effect of re-establishment of air contact on biomass and carbohydrate content. In a separate experiment we analysed expression of two carbohydrate catabolism genes, ADH1 and SUS1, upon re-establishment of air contact following submergence. KEY RESULTS All plants had low mortality even after 3 months of submergence. Rorippa sylvestris was characterized by 100 % survival and higher carbohydrate levels coupled with lower ADH1 gene expression as well as reduced growth compared with R. amphibia. Rorippa amphibia and the hybrid elongated their stems but this did not pay-off in higher survival when plants remained submerged. Only R. amphibia and the hybrid benefited in terms of increased biomass and carbohydrate accumulation upon re-establishing air contact. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate contrasting 'escape' and 'quiescence' strategies between Rorippa species. Being a close relative of arabidopsis, Rorippa is an excellent model for future studies on the molecular mechanism(s) controlling these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Akman
- Experimental Plant Systematics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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18
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Huber H, Chen X, Hendriks M, Keijsers D, Voesenek LACJ, Pierik R, Poorter H, de Kroon H, Visser EJW. Plasticity as a plastic response: how submergence-induced leaf elongation in Rumex palustris depends on light and nutrient availability in its early life stage. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 194:572-582. [PMID: 22335539 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants may experience different environmental cues throughout their development which interact in determining their phenotype. This paper tests the hypothesis that environmental conditions experienced early during ontogeny affect the phenotypic response to subsequent environmental cues. This hypothesis was tested by exposing different accessions of Rumex palustris to different light and nutrient conditions, followed by subsequent complete submergence. Final leaf length and submergence-induced plasticity were affected by the environmental conditions experienced at early developmental stages. In developmentally older leaves, submergence-induced elongation was lower in plants previously subjected to high-light conditions. Submergence-induced elongation of developmentally younger leaves, however, was larger when pregrown in high light. High-light and low-nutrient conditions led to an increase of nonstructural carbohydrates in the plants. There was a positive correlation between submergence-induced leaf elongation and carbohydrate concentration and content in roots and shoots, but not with root and shoot biomass before submergence. These results show that conditions experienced by young plants modulate the responses to subsequent environmental conditions, in both magnitude and direction. Internal resource status interacts with cues perceived at different developmental stages in determining plastic responses to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Huber
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Xin Chen
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marloes Hendriks
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Danny Keijsers
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Laurentius A C J Voesenek
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Pierik
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Hans de Kroon
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric J W Visser
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Striker GG, Izaguirre RF, Manzur ME, Grimoldi AA. Different strategies of Lotus japonicus, L. corniculatus and L. tenuis to deal with complete submergence at seedling stage. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2012; 14:50-55. [PMID: 21972978 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two main strategies allow plants to deal with submergence: (i) escape from below water by means of shoot elongation, or (ii) remaining quiescent under the water until water subsides and then resume growth. We investigated these strategies in seedlings of Lotus japonicus, L. corniculatus and L. tenuis subjected to control and submergence for 12 days, with a subsequent 30-day recovery period. All three species survived submergence but used different strategies. Submerged seedlings of L. japonicus exhibited an escape strategy (emerging from water) as a result of preferential carbon allocation towards shoot mass and lengthening, in detriment to root growth. In contrast, seedlings of L. corniculatus and L. tenuis became quiescent, with no biomass accumulation, no new unfolding of leaves and no shoot elongation. Upon de-submergence, seedlings of L. japonicus had the lowest recovery growth (a biomass and shoot height 58% and 40% less than controls, respectively), L. corniculatus was intermediate and L. tenuis showed the greatest recovery growth. Previously submerged seedlings of L. tenuis did not differ from their controls, either in final shoot biomass or shoot height. Thus, for the studied species, quiescence appears to be an adequate strategy for tolerance of short-term (i.e., 12 days) complete submergence, being consistent with field observations of L. tenuis colonisation of flood-prone environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Striker
- IFEVA-CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Chen X, Visser EJW, de Kroon H, Pierik R, Voesenek LACJ, Huber H. Fitness consequences of natural variation in flooding-induced shoot elongation in Rumex palustris. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 190:409-420. [PMID: 21261627 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
• Plants can respond to their environment by morphological plasticity. Generally, the potential benefits of adaptive plastic responses are beyond doubt under predictable environmental changes. However, the net benefits may be less straightforward when plants encounter temporal stresses, such as flooding in river flood plains. • Here, we tested whether the balance of costs and benefits associated with flooding-induced shoot elongation depends on the flooding regime, by subjecting Rumex palustris plants with different elongation capacity to submergence of different frequency and duration. • Our results showed that reaching the surface by shoot elongation is associated with fitness benefits, as under less frequent, but longer, flooding episodes plants emerging above the floodwater had greater biomass production than plants that were kept below the surface. As we predicted, slow-elongating plants had clear advantages over fast-elongating ones if submergence was frequent but of short duration, indicating that elongation also incurs costs. • Our data suggest that high costs select for weak plasticity under frequent environmental change. In contrast to our predictions, however, fast-elongating plants did not have an overall advantage over slow-elongating plants when floods lasted longer. This indicates that the delicate balance between benefits and costs of flooding-induced elongation depends on the specific characteristics of the flooding regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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21
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Chen X, Pierik R, Peeters AJM, Poorter H, Visser EJW, Huber H, de Kroon H, Voesenek LACJ. Endogenous abscisic acid as a key switch for natural variation in flooding-induced shoot elongation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 154:969-77. [PMID: 20699400 PMCID: PMC2949041 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.162792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Elongation of leaves and stem is a key trait for survival of terrestrial plants during shallow but prolonged floods that completely submerge the shoot. However, natural floods at different locations vary strongly in duration and depth, and, therefore, populations from these locations are subjected to different selection pressure, leading to intraspecific variation. Here, we identified the signal transduction component that causes response variation in shoot elongation among two accessions of the wetland plant Rumex palustris. These accessions differed 2-fold in petiole elongation rates upon submergence, with fast elongation found in a population from a river floodplain and slow elongation in plants from a lake bank. Fast petiole elongation under water consumes carbohydrates and depends on the (inter)action of the plant hormones ethylene, abscisic acid, and gibberellic acid. We found that carbohydrate levels and dynamics in shoots did not differ between the fast and slow elongating plants, but that the level of ethylene-regulated abscisic acid in petioles, and hence gibberellic acid responsiveness of these petioles explained the difference in shoot elongation upon submergence. Since this is the exact signal transduction level that also explains the variation in flooding-induced shoot elongation among plant species (namely, R. palustris and Rumex acetosa), we suggest that natural selection results in similar modification of regulatory pathways within and between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Heydarian Z, Sasidharan R, Cox MCH, Pierik R, Voesenek LACJ, Peeters AJM. A kinetic analysis of hyponastic growth and petiole elongation upon ethylene exposure in Rumex palustris. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2010; 106:429-35. [PMID: 20603244 PMCID: PMC2924831 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Complete submergence is an important stress factor for many terrestrial plants, and a limited number of species have evolved mechanisms to deal with these conditions. Rumex palustris is one such species and manages to outgrow the water, and thus restore contact with the atmosphere, through upward leaf growth (hyponasty) followed by strongly enhanced petiole elongation. These responses are initiated by the gaseous plant hormone ethylene, which accumulates inside plants due to physical entrapment. This study aimed to investigate the kinetics of ethylene-induced leaf hyponasty and petiole elongation. METHODS Leaf hyponasty and petiole elongation was studied using a computerized digital camera set-up followed by image analyses. Linear variable displacement transducers were used for fine resolution monitoring and measurement of petiole growth rates. KEY RESULTS We show that submergence-induced hyponastic growth and petiole elongation in R. palustris can be mimicked by exposing plants to ethylene. The petiole elongation response to ethylene is shown to depend on the initial angle of the petiole. When petiole angles were artificially kept at 0 degrees, rather than the natural angle of 35 degrees, ethylene could not induce enhanced petiole elongation. This is very similar to submergence studies and confirms the idea that there are endogenous, angle-dependent signals that influence the petiole elongation response to ethylene. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that submergence and ethylene-induced hyponastic growth and enhanced petiole elongation responses in R. palustris are largely similar. However, there are some differences that may relate to the complexity of the submergence treatment as compared with an ethylene treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laurentius A. C. J. Voesenek
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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