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Lasters R, Groffen T, Eens M, Bervoets L. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in homegrown crops: Accumulation and human risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143208. [PMID: 39214403 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Homegrown crops can present a significant exposure source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to humans. Field studies studying PFAS accumulation in multiple vegetable food categories and examining the potential influence of soil characteristics on vegetable bioavailability under realistic exposure conditions are very scarce. Crop PFAS accumulation depends on a complex combination of factors. The physicochemical differences among the numerous PFAS makes risk assessment very challenging. Thus, simplification of this complexity into key factors that govern crop PFAS accumulation is critical. This study analyzed 29 targeted legacy, precursor and emerging PFAS in the vertical soil profile (0-45 cm depth), rainwater and edible crop parts of 88 private gardens, at different distances from a major fluorochemical plant. Gardens closer to the plant site showed higher soil concentrations which could be linked with historical and recent industrial emissions. Most compounds showed little variation along the soil depth profile, regardless of the distance from the plant site, which could be due to gardening practices. Annual crops consistently accumulated higher sum PFAS concentrations than perennials. Highest concentrations were observed in vegetables, followed by fruits and walnuts. Single soil-crop relationships were weak, which indicated that other factors (e.g., porewater) may be better measures of bioavailability in homegrown crop accumulation. Regression models, which additionally considered soil characteristics showed limited predictive power (all R2 ≤ 35%), possibly due to low variability in crop concentrations. Human intake estimations revealed that the PFAS exposure risk via crop consumption was similar nearby and remotely from the plant site, although the contribution to the overall dietary exposure can be relatively large. The tolerable weekly intake was frequently exceeded with respect to fruit and vegetable consumption, thus potential health risks cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Lasters
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Thimo Groffen
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Li F, Mai C, Liu Y, Deng Y, Wu L, Zheng X, He H, Huang Y, Luo Z, Wang J. Soybean PHR1-regulated low phosphorus-responsive GmRALF22 promotes phosphate uptake by stimulating the expression of GmPTs. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 348:112211. [PMID: 39122156 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Rapid alkalisation factors (RALFs) play crucial roles in plant responses to nutrient stress. However, the functions of Glycine max RALFs (GmRALFs) under low P (LP) stress remain elusive. In this study, we first identified 27 GmRALFs in soybean and then revealed that, under LP conditions, GmRALF10, GmRALF11, and GmRALF22 were induced in both roots and leaves, whereas GmRALF5, GmRALF6, and GmRALF25 were upregulated in leaves. Furthermore, GmRALF22 was found to be the target gene of the transcription factor GmPHR1, which binds to the P1BS cis-element in the promoter of GmRALF22 via electrophoretic mobility shift assay and dual-luciferase experiments. Colonisation with Bacillus subtilis which delivers GmRALF22, increases the expression of the high-affinity phosphate (Pi) transporter genes GmPT2, GmPT11, GmPT13, and GmPT14, thus increasing the total amount of dry matter and soluble Pi in soybeans. RNA sequencing revealed that GmRALF22 alleviates LP stress by regulating the expression of jasmonic acid- (JA-), salicylic acid- (SA-), and immune-related genes. Finally, we verified that GmRALF22 was dependent on FERONIA (FER) to promote Arabidopsis primary root growth under LP conditions. In summary, the GmPHR1-GmRALF22 module positively regulates soybean tolerance to LP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjian Li
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310004, China
| | - Cuishan Mai
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yaru Deng
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lixia Wu
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinni Zheng
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huijing He
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yilin Huang
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenxi Luo
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinxiang Wang
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Control and Environmental Safety in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Zheng L, Kong YN, Yan XC, Liu YX, Wang XR, Zhang JP, Qi XL, Cao XY, Zhang SX, Liu YW, Zheng JC, Wang C, Hou ZH, Chen J, Zhou YB, Chen M, Ma YZ, Xu ZS, Lan JH. TaMYB-CC5 gene specifically expressed in root improve tolerance of phosphorus deficiency and drought stress in wheat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:109011. [PMID: 39128403 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Phosphate deficiency and drought are significant environmental constraints that impact both the productivity and quality of wheat. The interaction between phosphorus and water facilitates their mutual absorption processes in plants. Under conditions of both phosphorus deficiency and drought stress, we observed a significant upregulation in the expression of wheat MYB-CC transcription factors through the transcriptome analysis. 52 TaMYB-CC genes in wheat were identified and analyzed their evolutionary relationships, structures, and expression patterns. The TaMYB-CC5 gene exhibited specific expression in roots and demonstrated significant upregulation under phosphorus deficiency and drought stress compared to other TaMYB-CC genes. The overexpression of TaMYB-CC5A in Arabidopsis resulted in a significant increase of root length under stress conditions, thereby enhancing tolerance to phosphate starvation and drought stress. The wheat lines with silenced TaMYB-CC5 genes exhibited reduced root length under stress conditions and increased sensitivity to phosphate deficiency and drought stress. In addition, silencing the TaMYB-CC5 genes resulted in altered phosphorus content in leaves but did not lead to a reduction in phosphorus content in roots. Enrichment analysis the co-expression genes of TaMYB-CC5 transcription factors, we found the zinc-induced facilitator-like (ZIFL) genes were prominent associated with TaMYB-CC5 gene. The TaZIFL1, TaZIFL2, and TaZIFL5 genes were verified specifically expressed in roots and regulated by TaMYB-CC5 transcript factor. Our study reveals the pivotal role of the TaMYB-CC5 gene in regulating TaZIFL genes, which is crucial for maintaining normal root growth under phosphorus deficiency and drought stress, thereby enhanced resistance to these abiotic stresses in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ya-Nan Kong
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xue-Chun Yan
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuan-Xia Liu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xin-Rui Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jin-Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xue-Li Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Key Laboratory of Wheat Germplasm Resources Innovation and Improvement, Institute of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xin-You Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shuang-Xi Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yongning, 750105, China
| | - Yong-Wei Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Zheng
- Anhui Science and Technology University, College of Agronomy, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ze-Hao Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yong-Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - You-Zhi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhao-Shi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China.
| | - Jin-Hao Lan
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Wang MT, Xue ZF, Tao Y, Kan ZH, Zhou XB, Liu HL, Zhang YM. Spatiotemporal patterns of leaf nutrients of wild apples in a wild fruit forest plot in the Ili Valley, China. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:684. [PMID: 39020284 PMCID: PMC11256650 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Malus sieversii, commonly known as wild apples, represents a Tertiary relict plant species and serves as the progenitor of globally cultivated apple varieties. Unfortunately, wild apple populations are facing significant degradation in localized areas due to a myriad of factors. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the nutrient status and spatiotemporal variations of M. sieversii, green leaves were collected in May and July, and the fallen leaves were collected in October. The concentrations of leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were measured, and the stoichiometric ratios as well as nutrient resorption efficiencies were calculated. The study also explored the relative contributions of soil, topographic, and biotic factors to the variation in nutrient traits. The results indicate that as the growing period progressed, the concentrations of N and P in the leaves significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the concentration of K in October was significantly lower than in May and July. Throughout plant growth, leaf N-P and N-K exhibited hyperallometric relationships, while P-K showed an isometric relationship. Resorption efficiency followed the order of N < P < K (P < 0.05), with all three ratios being less than 1; this indicates that the order of nutrient limitation is K > P > N. The resorption efficiencies were mainly regulated by nutrient concentrations in fallen leaves. A robust spatial dependence was observed in leaf nutrient concentrations during all periods (70.1-97.9% for structural variation), highlighting that structural variation, rather than random factors, dominated the spatial variation. Nutrient resorption efficiencies (NRE, PRE, and KRE) displayed moderate structural variation (30.2-66.8%). The spatial patterns of nutrient traits varied across growth periods, indicating they are influenced by multifactorial elements (in which, soil property showed the highest influence). In conclusion, wild apples manifested differentiated spatiotemporal variability and influencing factors across various leaf nutrient traits. These results provide crucial insights into the spatiotemporal patterns and influencing factors of leaf nutrient traits of M. sieversii at the permanent plot scale for the first time. This work is of great significance for the ecosystem restoration and sustainable management of degrading wild fruit forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation Research Station of Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Ecosystem, Xinyuan, Xinjiang, 844900, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Xue
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.
- Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation Research Station of Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Ecosystem, Xinyuan, Xinjiang, 844900, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.
| | - Zi-Han Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation Research Station of Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Ecosystem, Xinyuan, Xinjiang, 844900, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation Research Station of Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Ecosystem, Xinyuan, Xinjiang, 844900, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Hui-Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation Research Station of Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Ecosystem, Xinyuan, Xinjiang, 844900, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.
- Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation Research Station of Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Ecosystem, Xinyuan, Xinjiang, 844900, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.
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Bhukya N, Hazarika S, Rangappa K, Thakuria D, Narzari R, Debnath S. Comparative stress physiological analysis of aluminium stress tolerance of indigenous maize ( Zea mays L.) cultivars of eastern Himalaya. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31570. [PMID: 38828317 PMCID: PMC11140720 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Yield potential of maize having distinct genetic diversity in Eastern Himalayan Region (EHR) hill ecologies is often limited by Al toxicity caused due to soil acidity. Stress physiological analysis of local check exposed to 0-300 μM Al under sand culture revealed that 150 μM Al as critical and 200 μM Al as tolerable limit. Increase in Al from 0 to 300 μM reduced total chlorophyll, carotenoids by 74.8 % and 44.7 % respectively and enhanced anthocyanin by 35.3 % whereas LA, SLW and SL have reduced by 81.3%, 21.3 % and 47.8 % respectively. R/S ratio was 51.0 and 13.7 % higher at lower Al levels (50 μM and 100 μM) and photosynthetic, transpiration rate and TDM were 62.5 %, 42.9 % and 78.6 % lower at higher Al (300 μM) as compared to control. TRL, RSA, RDW and RV at higher Al (300 μM) were 92.6 %, 98.7 %, 78.7 and 97.5 % lower over control respectively. Root and shoot Al and PUpE at higher Al (300 μM) was 194.0, 69.2 and 830 % higher whereas PUE decreased to 88.5 % over control. Evaluation of 31 indigenous maize cultivars at 0, 150, and 250 μM Al in sand culture, alongside tolerance scoring and assessment, revealed that Megha-9, Megha-10, and MZM-19 exhibits high Al tolerance, Megha-1, MZM-22, and MZM-42 demonstrated moderate tolerance, whereas Uruapara, Sublgarh, and BRL Para were identified as Al-sensitive. Stress physiological parameters like SDW, TDM, TRL, SL and LA contributed 46.02 % of variability to PC1, whereas A, RV, RSA, anthocyanin and Chlorophyll_b, contributed 13.56 % of variability to PC2. Highest values of CMS, SL, LP, LA, TRL and anthocyanin were recorded in cluster I having sensitive cultivars while highest CMS, SL, LA, LP, TRL and RSA were found in cluster II having moderately tolerant cultivars and highest mean values for TRL, RSA, LP, LA, CMS and SL were recorded in cluster III having highly Al stress tolerant cultivars. The traits viz., A, RV, RSA, anthocyanin and Chlorophyll_b, total chlorophyll and TDM were emanated as physio-morphological for assessing Al toxicity stress tolerance in Maize with high divergence values. Tolerant cultivars showing 63.4 % and 22.4 % higher anthocyanin at 150 μM Al and 250 μM Al than moderately tolerant one in acid soil experiment with increased root Al, shoot Al, root P and shoot P by 42.6 %, 11 %, 95.1 % and 34 % respectively were emerged as promising for novel maize improvement under acid soils of EHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Bhukya
- School of Natural Resource Management, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Umiam, Meghalaya-793103, India
| | - Samarendra Hazarika
- Division of System Research and Engineering, ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya-793103, India
| | - Krishnappa Rangappa
- Division of Crop Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya-793103, India
| | - Dwipendra Thakuria
- School of Natural Resource Management, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Umiam, Meghalaya-793103, India
| | - Rumi Narzari
- Division of System Research and Engineering, ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya-793103, India
- Division of Crop Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya-793103, India
| | - Supriya Debnath
- Division of Crop Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya-793103, India
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Holz M, Mundschenk E, Pusch V, Remus R, Dubbert M, Oburger E, Staudinger C, Wissuwa M, Zarebanadkouki M. Visualizing and quantifying 33P uptake and translocation by maize plants grown in soil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1376613. [PMID: 38947946 PMCID: PMC11211545 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1376613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) availability severely limits plant growth due to its immobility and inaccessibility in soils. Yet, visualization and measurements of P uptake from different root types or regions in soil are methodologically challenging. Here, we explored the potential of phosphor imaging combined with local injection of radioactive 33P to quantitatively visualize P uptake and translocation along roots of maize grown in soils. Rhizoboxes (20 × 40 × 1 cm) were filled with sandy field soil or quartz sand, with one maize plant per box. Soil compartments were created using a gravel layer to restrict P transfer. After 2 weeks, a compartment with the tip region of a seminal root was labeled with a NaH2 33PO4 solution containing 12 MBq of 33P. Phosphor imaging captured root P distribution at 45 min, 90 min, 135 min, 180 min, and 24 h post-labeling. After harvest, 33P levels in roots and shoots were quantified. 33P uptake exhibited a 50% increase in quartz sand compared to sandy soil, likely attributed to higher P adsorption to the sandy soil matrix than to quartz sand. Notably, only 60% of the absorbed 33P was translocated to the shoot, with the remaining 40% directed to growing root tips of lateral or seminal roots. Phosphor imaging unveiled a continuous rise in 33P signal in the labeled seminal root from immediate post-labeling until 24 h after labeling. The highest 33P activities were concentrated just above the labeled compartment, diminishing in locations farther away. Emerging laterals from the labeled root served as strong sinks for 33P, while a portion was also transported to other seminal roots. Our study quantitatively visualized 33P uptake and translocation dynamics, facilitating future investigations into diverse root regions/types and varying plant growth conditions. This improves our understanding of the significance of different P sources for plant nutrition and potentially enhances models of plant P uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maire Holz
- Research Area Landscape Functioning, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Eva Mundschenk
- Research Area Landscape Functioning, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Pusch
- Research Area Landscape Functioning, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Remus
- Research Area Landscape Functioning, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Maren Dubbert
- Research Area Landscape Functioning, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Eva Oburger
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiana Staudinger
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Wissuwa
- PhenoRob Cluster of Excellence and Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mohsen Zarebanadkouki
- Professorship for Soil Biophysics and Environmental Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
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Liu S, An X, Xu C, Guo B, Li X, Chen C, He D, Xu D, Li Y. Exploring the dynamic adaptive responses of Epimedium pubescens to phosphorus deficiency by Integrated transcriptome and miRNA analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:480. [PMID: 38816792 PMCID: PMC11138043 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus, a crucial macronutrient essential for plant growth and development. Due to widespread phosphorus deficiency in soils, phosphorus deficiency stress has become one of the major abiotic stresses that plants encounter. Despite the evolution of adaptive mechanisms in plants to address phosphorus deficiency, the specific strategies employed by species such as Epimedium pubescens remain elusive. Therefore, this study observed the changes in the growth, physiological reponses, and active components accumulation in E. pubescensunder phosphorus deficiency treatment, and integrated transcriptome and miRNA analysis, so as to offer comprehensive insights into the adaptive mechanisms employed by E. pubescens in response to phosphorus deficiency across various stages of phosphorus treatment. Remarkably, our findings indicate that phosphorus deficiency induces root growth stimulation in E. pubescens, while concurrently inhibiting the growth of leaves, which are of medicinal value. Surprisingly, this stressful condition results in an augmented accumulation of active components in the leaves. During the early stages (30 days), leaves respond by upregulating genes associated with carbon metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and hormone signaling. This adaptive response facilitates energy production, ROS scavenging, and morphological adjustments to cope with short-term phosphorus deficiency and sustain its growth. As time progresses (90 days), the expression of genes related to phosphorus cycling and recycling in leaves is upregulated, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation (miRNA regulation and protein modification) is enhanced. Simultaneously, plant growth is further suppressed, and it gradually begins to discard and decompose leaves to resist the challenges of long-term phosphorus deficiency stress and sustain survival. In conclusion, our study deeply and comprehensively reveals adaptive strategies utilized by E. pubescens in response to phosphorus deficiency, demonstrating its resilience and thriving potential under stressful conditions. Furthermore, it provides valuable information on potential target genes for the cultivation of E. pubescens genotypes tolerant to low phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangnian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaojing An
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 10063, China
| | - Chaoqun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xianen Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Caixia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Dongmei He
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - De Xu
- Dazhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dazhou, 635000, China
| | - Yi Li
- Dazhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dazhou, 635000, China
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8
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Luo D, Usman M, Pang F, Zhang W, Qin Y, Li Q, Li Y, Xing Y, Dong D. Comparative transcriptomic and physiological analyses unravel wheat source root adaptation to phosphorous deficiency. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11050. [PMID: 38745054 PMCID: PMC11094128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a crucial macronutrient for plant growth and development. Basic metabolic processes regulate growth; however, the molecular detail of these pathways under low phosphorous (LP) in wheat is still unclear. This study aims to elucidate the varied regulatory pathways responses to LP stress in wheat genotypes. Phenotypic, physiological, and transcriptome analyses were conducted on Fielder (P efficient) and Ardito (P inefficient) wheat genotypes after four days of normal phosphorous (NP) and LP stress. In response to LP, Fielder outperformed Ardito, displaying higher chlorophyll content-SPAD values (13%), plant height (45%), stem diameter (12%), shoot dry weight (42%), and root biomass (75%). Root structure analysis revealed that Fielder had greater total root length (50%), surface area (56%), volume (15%), and diameter (4%) than Ardito under LP. These findings highlight Fielder's superior performance and adaptation to LP stress. Transcriptome analysis of wheat genotype roots identified 3029 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Fielder and 1430 in Ardito, highlighting LP-induced changes. Key DEGs include acid phosphatases (PAPs), phosphate transporters (PHT1 and PHO1), SPX, and transcription factors (MYB, bHLH, and WRKY). KEGG enrichment analysis revealed key pathways like plant hormones signal transduction, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and carbohydrate biosynthesis metabolism. This study unveils crucial genes and the intricate regulatory process in wheat's response to LP stress, offering genetic insights for enhancing plant P utilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daozhen Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Fei Pang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ying Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qing Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yangrui Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Yongxiu Xing
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Dengfeng Dong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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9
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Luo H, Yang J, Liu S, Li S, Si H, Zhang N. Control of Plant Height and Lateral Root Development via Stu-miR156 Regulation of SPL9 Transcription Factor in Potato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:723. [PMID: 38475569 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous, non-coding small-molecule RNAs that usually regulate the expression of target genes at the post-transcriptional level. miR156 is one of a class of evolutionarily highly conserved miRNA families. SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) transcription factor is one of the target genes that is regulated by miR156. SPL transcription factors are involved in regulating plant growth and development, hormone response, stress response, and photosynthesis. In the present study, transgenic potato plants with overexpressed miR156 were obtained via the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. The results showed that the expression levels of the target gene, StSPL9, were all downregulated in the transgenic plants with overexpressed Stu-miR156. Compared with those of the control plants, the plant height and root length of the transgenic plants were significantly decreased, while the number of lateral roots was significantly increased. These results revealed that the miR156/SPLs module was involved in regulating potato plant height and root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiangwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shengyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shigui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Huaijun Si
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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10
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Yang WT, Bae KD, Lee SW, Jung KH, Moon S, Basnet P, Choi IY, Um T, Kim DH. The MYB-CC Transcription Factor PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE-LIKE 7 (PHL7) Functions in Phosphate Homeostasis and Affects Salt Stress Tolerance in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:637. [PMID: 38475483 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) homeostasis plays an important role in plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Several MYB-CC transcription factors involved in Pi homeostasis have been identified in rice (Oryza sativa). PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE-LIKE 7 (PHL7) is a class II MYC-CC protein, in which the MYC-CC domain is located at the N terminus. In this study, we established that OsPHL7 is localized to the nucleus and that the encoding gene is induced by Pi deficiency. The Pi-responsive genes and Pi transporter genes are positively regulated by OsPHL7. The overexpression of OsPHL7 enhanced the tolerance of rice plants to Pi starvation, whereas the RNA interference-based knockdown of this gene resulted in increased sensitivity to Pi deficiency. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsPHL7 produced more roots than wild-type plants under both Pi-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions and accumulated more Pi in the shoots and roots. In addition, the overexpression of OsPHL7 enhanced rice tolerance to salt stress. Together, these results demonstrate that OsPHL7 is involved in the maintenance of Pi homeostasis and enhances tolerance to Pi deficiency and salt stress in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Tae Yang
- College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Deuk Bae
- College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Woo Lee
- College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunok Moon
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Basnet
- Department of Agriculture and Life Industry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Young Choi
- Department of Agriculture and Life Industry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Um
- Department of Agriculture and Life Science Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Doh Hoon Kim
- College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
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11
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Zhang Q, Masabni J, Niu G. Organic fertilizer type and dose affect growth, morphological and physiological parameters, and mineral nutrition of watermelon seedlings. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16902. [PMID: 38406293 PMCID: PMC10893865 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Organic agriculture has grown rapidly in recent years due to its environmental friendliness, sustainability, and improved farm profitability. Transplants are commonly used for fruits and vegetables to achieve consistent quality, uniformity, and easy field spacing control. The efficacy and optimal amounts of fertilizers for organic transplant production need to be investigated. Methods The effects of three organic fertilizers (Sustane 4-6-4, Nature Safe 7-7-7, and Dramatic 2-4-1) and one conventional fertilizer Peters Professional 20-20-20 (Conventional) with four doses (nitrogen (N) content was matched among fertilizers in each level, as 0.14 g/L, 0.28 g/L, 0.56 g/L, and 0.84 g/L N, respectively) on watermelon seedlings were compared in this study. Results The results showed that all organic fertilizer treatments were not significantly different from the Conventional group in terms of watermelon germination. The only exception was the highest dose of Sustane 4-6-4 (0.84 g/L N) which decreased the germination rate and relative emergence index. Generally, growth index, shoot fresh and dry weights, true leaf number, and stem diameter increased as the amount of N increased within each fertilizer type. The best shoot growth was observed in the highest doses of Conventional and Dramatic 2-4-1 treatments (0.84 g/L N). However, Dramatic 2-4-1 treatments resulted in the lowest root growth when compared to other fertilizers at the same N dose. The second highest fertilization dose (0.56 g/L N) of Sustane 4-6-4 had the best root growth according to root fresh weight, root volume, root area, total root length, as well as the numbers of root tip and crossing when compared to other treatments. For seedlings, a well-developed root system can ensure a good seedling establishment and high survival rate under stressful field conditions after transplanting. Thus, Sustane 4-6-4 at 14 g/L (0.56 g/L N) is recommended to produce high-quality organic watermelon seedlings among the treatments applied in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Zhang
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Dallas, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Joseph Masabni
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Dallas, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Genhua Niu
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Dallas, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, United States of America
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12
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Nasr Esfahani M, Sonnewald U. Unlocking dynamic root phenotypes for simultaneous enhancement of water and phosphorus uptake. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108386. [PMID: 38280257 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) and water are crucial for plant growth, but their availability is challenged by climate change, leading to reduced crop production and global food security. In many agricultural soils, crop productivity is confronted by both water and P limitations. The diminished soil moisture decreases available P due to reduced P diffusion, and inadequate P availability diminishes tissue water status through modifications in stomatal conductance and a decrease in root hydraulic conductance. P and water display contrasting distributions in the soil, with P being concentrated in the topsoil and water in the subsoil. Plants adapt to water- and P-limited environments by efficiently exploring localized resource hotspots of P and water through the adaptation of their root system. Thus, developing cultivars with improved root architecture is crucial for accessing and utilizing P and water from arid and P-deficient soils. To meet this goal, breeding towards multiple advantageous root traits can lead to better cultivars for water- and P-limited environments. This review discusses the interplay of P and water availability and highlights specific root traits that enhance the exploration and exploitation of optimal resource-rich soil strata while reducing metabolic costs. We propose root ideotype models, including 'topsoil foraging', 'subsoil foraging', and 'topsoil/subsoil foraging' for maize (monocot) and common bean (dicot). These models integrate beneficial root traits and guide the development of water- and P-efficient cultivars for challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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13
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Zhou XW, Yao XD, He DX, Sun HX, Xie FT. Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analysis of two salt-tolerant soybean germplasms response to low phosphorus stress: role of phosphorus uptake and antioxidant capacity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:662. [PMID: 38124037 PMCID: PMC10731862 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus (P) and salt stress are common abiotic stressors that limit crop growth and development, but the response mechanism of soybean to low phosphorus (LP) and salt (S) combined stress remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, two soybean germplasms with similar salt tolerance but contrasting P-efficiency, A74 (salt-tolerant and P-efficient) and A6 (salt-tolerant and P-inefficient), were selected as materials. By combining physiochemical and transcriptional analysis, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which soybean maintains high P-efficiency under salt stress. In total, 14,075 differentially expressed genes were identified through pairwise comparison. PageMan analysis subsequently revealed several significantly enriched categories in the LP vs. control (CK) or low phosphorus + salt (LPS) vs. S comparative combination when compared to A6, in the case of A74. These categories included genes involved in mitochondrial electron transport, secondary metabolism, stress, misc, transcription factors and transport. Additionally, weighted correlation network analysis identified two modules that were highly correlated with acid phosphatase and antioxidant enzyme activity. Citrate synthase gene (CS), acyl-coenzyme A oxidase4 gene (ACX), cytokinin dehydrogenase 7 gene (CKXs), and two-component response regulator ARR2 gene (ARR2) were identified as the most central hub genes in these two modules. CONCLUSION In summary, we have pinpointed the gene categories responsible for the LP response variations between the two salt-tolerant germplasms, which are mainly related to antioxidant, and P uptake process. Further, the discovery of the hub genes layed the foundation for further exploration of the molecular mechanism of salt-tolerant and P-efficient in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Wen Zhou
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xing-Dong Yao
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - De-Xin He
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - He-Xiang Sun
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fu-Ti Xie
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
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14
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Kun Yuan, Zhang H, Yu C, Luo N, Yan J, Zheng S, Hu Q, Zhang D, Kou L, Meng X, Jing Y, Chen M, Ban X, Yan Z, Lu Z, Wu J, Zhao Y, Liang Y, Wang Y, Xiong G, Chu J, Wang E, Li J, Wang B. Low phosphorus promotes NSP1-NSP2 heterodimerization to enhance strigolactone biosynthesis and regulate shoot and root architecture in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1811-1831. [PMID: 37794682 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant development and metabolism, and plants have evolved ingenious mechanisms to overcome phosphate (Pi) starvation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of shoot and root architecture by low phosphorus conditions and the coordinated utilization of Pi and nitrogen remain largely unclear. Here, we show that Nodulation Signaling Pathway 1 (NSP1) and NSP2 regulate rice tiller number by promoting the biosynthesis of strigolactones (SLs), a class of phytohormones with fundamental effects on plant architecture and environmental responses. We found that NSP1 and NSP2 are induced by Oryza sativa PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE2 (OsPHR2) in response to low-Pi stress and form a complex to directly bind the promoters of SL biosynthesis genes, thus markedly increasing SL biosynthesis in rice. Interestingly, the NSP1/2-SL signaling module represses the expression of CROWN ROOTLESS 1 (CRL1), a newly identified early SL-responsive gene in roots, to restrain lateral root density under Pi deficiency. We also demonstrated that GR244DO treatment under normal conditions inhibits the expression of OsNRTs and OsAMTs to suppress nitrogen absorption but enhances the expression of OsPTs to promote Pi absorption, thus facilitating the balance between nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in rice. Importantly, we found that NSP1p:NSP1 and NSP2p:NSP2 transgenic plants show improved agronomic traits and grain yield under low- and medium-phosphorus conditions. Taken together, these results revealed a novel regulatory mechanism of SL biosynthesis and signaling in response to Pi starvation, providing genetic resources for improving plant architecture and nutrient-use efficiency in low-Pi environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaoji Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jijun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingliang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dahan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liquan Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiangbing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanhui Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mingjiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinwei Ban
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zongyun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zefu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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15
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Ahmad N, Ibrahim S, Kuang L, Ze T, Wang X, Wang H, Dun X. Integrating genome-wide association study with transcriptomic data to predict candidate genes influencing Brassica napus root and biomass-related traits under low phosphorus conditions. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:149. [PMID: 37789456 PMCID: PMC10548562 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an essential source of edible oil and livestock feed, as well as a promising source of biofuel. Breeding crops with an ideal root system architecture (RSA) for high phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) is an effective way to reduce the use of phosphate fertilizers. However, the genetic mechanisms that underpin PUE in rapeseed remain elusive. To address this, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 327 rapeseed accessions to elucidate the genetic variability of 13 root and biomass traits under low phosphorus (LP; 0.01 mM P +). Furthermore, RNA-sequencing was performed in root among high/low phosphorus efficient groups (HP1/LP1) and high/low phosphorus stress tolerance groups (HP2/LP2) at two-time points under control and P-stress conditions. RESULTS Significant variations were observed in all measured traits, with heritabilities ranging from 0.47 to 0.72, and significant correlations were found between most of the traits. There were 39 significant trait-SNP associations and 31 suggestive associations, which integrated into 11 valid quantitative trait loci (QTL) clusters, explaining 4.24-24.43% of the phenotypic variance observed. In total, RNA-seq identified 692, 1076, 648, and 934 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) specific to HP1/LP1 and HP2/LP2 under P-stress and control conditions, respectively, while 761 and 860 DEGs common for HP1/LP1 and HP2/LP2 under both conditions. An integrated approach of GWAS, weighted co-expression network, and differential expression analysis identified 12 genes associated with root growth and development under LP stress. In this study, six genes (BnaA04g23490D, BnaA09g08440D, BnaA09g04320D, BnaA09g04350D, BnaA09g04930D, BnaA09g09290D) that showed differential expression were identified as promising candidate genes for the target traits. CONCLUSION 11 QTL clusters and 12 candidate genes associated with root and development under LP stress were identified in this study. Our study's phenotypic and genetic information may be exploited for genetic improvement of root traits to increase PUE in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmad
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Sani Ibrahim
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, College of Physical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano, 700006, Nigeria
| | - Lieqiong Kuang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Tian Ze
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xinfa Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Xiaoling Dun
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Zhang K, Gao W, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Xia Y, Zhang M, Bo Y, Lyu X, Hu Z, Yang J, Zhang M. Allelic variations of ClACO gene improve nitrogen uptake via ethylene-mediated root architecture in watermelon. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:199. [PMID: 37624448 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The ClACO gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase enabled highly efficient 15N uptake in watermelon. Nitrogen is one of the most essential nutrient elements that play a pivotal role in regulating plant growth and development for crop productivity. Elucidating the genetic basis of high nitrogen uptake is the key to improve nitrogen use efficiency for sustainable agricultural productivity. Whereas previous researches on nitrogen absorption process are mainly focused on a few model plants or crops. To date, the causal genes that determine the efficient nitrogen uptake of watermelon have not been mapped and remains largely unknown. Here, we fine-mapped the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ClACO) gene associated with nitrogen uptake efficiency in watermelon via bulked segregant analysis (BSA). The variations in the ClACO gene led to the changes of gene expression levels between two watermelon accessions with different nitrogen uptake efficiencies. Intriguingly, in terms of the transcript abundance of ClACO, it was concomitant with significant differences in ethylene evolutions in roots and root architectures between the two accessions and among the different genotypic offsprings of the recombinant BC2F1(ZJU132)-18. These findings suggest that ethylene as a negative regulator altered nitrogen uptake efficiency in watermelon by controlling root development. In conclusion, our current study will provide valuable target gene for precise breeding of 'green' watermelon varieties with high-nitrogen uptake efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimei Zhou
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoshun Zhao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuelin Xia
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyi Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaolong Lyu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China.
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Khan F, Siddique AB, Shabala S, Zhou M, Zhao C. Phosphorus Plays Key Roles in Regulating Plants' Physiological Responses to Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2861. [PMID: 37571014 PMCID: PMC10421280 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P), an essential macronutrient, plays a pivotal role in the growth and development of plants. However, the limited availability of phosphorus in soil presents significant challenges for crop productivity, especially when plants are subjected to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity and extreme temperatures. Unraveling the intricate mechanisms through which phosphorus participates in the physiological responses of plants to abiotic stresses is essential to ensure the sustainability of agricultural production systems. This review aims to analyze the influence of phosphorus supply on various aspects of plant growth and plant development under hostile environmental conditions, with a special emphasis on stomatal development and operation. Furthermore, we discuss recently discovered genes associated with P-dependent stress regulation and evaluate the feasibility of implementing P-based agricultural practices to mitigate the adverse effects of abiotic stress. Our objective is to provide molecular and physiological insights into the role of P in regulating plants' tolerance to abiotic stresses, underscoring the significance of efficient P use strategies for agricultural sustainability. The potential benefits and limitations of P-based strategies and future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Khan
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (F.K.); (A.B.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Abu Bakar Siddique
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (F.K.); (A.B.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (F.K.); (A.B.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (F.K.); (A.B.S.); (M.Z.)
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Zhai X, Lu P, Zhang R, Bai W, Zhang WH, Chen J, Tian Q. Mowing accelerates phosphorus cycling without depleting soil phosphorus pool. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2861. [PMID: 37092906 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mowing, as a common grassland utilization strategy, affects nutrient status in soil by plant biomass removal. Phosphorus (P) cycle plays an important role in determining grassland productivity. However, few studies have addressed the impacts of mowing on P cycling in grassland ecosystems. Here, we investigated the effects of various mowing regimes on soil P fractions and P accumulation in plants and litters. We specifically explored the mechanisms by which mowing regulates ecosystem P cycling by linking aboveground community with soil properties. Our results showed that mowing increased soil dissolvable P concentrations, which probably met the demand for P absorption and utilization by plants, thus contributing to an increased P accumulation by plants. Mowing promoted grassland P cycling by a reciprocal relationship between plants and microbes. Short-term mowing enhanced P cycling mainly through increased root exudation-evoked the extracellular enzyme activity of microbes rather than the alternations in microbial biomass and community composition. Long-term mowing increased P cycling mainly by promoting carbon allocation to roots, thereby leading to greater microbial metabolic activity. Although mowing-stimulation of organic P mineralization lasted for 15 consecutive years, mowing did not result in soil P depletion. These results demonstrate that P removal by mowing will not necessarily lead to soil P limitation. Our findings would advance the knowledge on soil P dynamic under mowing and contribute to resource-efficient grassland management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifang Zhang
- Mountain Area Research Institute, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Wenming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- iCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Qiuying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Feng X, Li S, Meng D, Di Q, Zhou M, Yu X, He C, Yan Y, Wang J, Sun M, Li Y. CsBPC2 is a key regulator of root growth and development. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13977. [PMID: 37616013 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BASIC PENTACYSTEINE (BPCs) transcription factors are important regulators of plant growth and development. However, the regulatory mechanism of BPC2 in roots remains unclear. In our previous study, we created Csbpc2 cucumber mutants by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and our studies on the phenotype of Csbpc2 mutants showed that the root growth was inhibited compared with wide-type (WT). Moreover, the surface area, volume and number of roots decreased significantly, with root system architecture changing from dichotomous branching to herringbone branching. Compared with WT, the leaf growth of the Csbpc2 mutants was not affected. However, the palisade and spongy tissue were significantly thinner, which was not beneficial for photosynthesis. The metabolome of root exudates showed that compared with WT, amino acids and their derivatives were significantly decreased, and the enriched pathways were mainly regulated by amino acids and their derivatives, indicating that knockout of CsBPC2 mainly affected the amino acid content in root exudates. Importantly, transcriptome analysis showed that knockout of CsBPC2 mainly affected root gene expression. Knockout of CsBPC2 significantly reduced the gene expression of gibberellins synthesis. However, the expression of genes related to amino acid synthesis, nitrogen fixation and PSII-related photosynthesis increased significantly, which may be due to the effect of knocking out CsBPC2 on gibberellins synthesis, resulting in the inhibition of seedling growth, thus forming negative feedback regulation. Generally, we showed for the first time that BPC2 is a key regulator gene of root growth and development, laying the foundation for future mechanisms of BPC2 regulation in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuzhen Li
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, College of Life Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Di Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Di
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianchang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoxing He
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mintao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yansu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Pérez-López J, Feria AB, Gandullo J, de la Osa C, Jiménez-Guerrero I, Echevarría C, Monreal JA, García-Mauriño S. Silencing of Sb PPCK1-3 Negatively Affects Development, Stress Responses and Productivity in Sorghum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2426. [PMID: 37446987 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) plays central roles in photosynthesis, respiration, amino acid synthesis, and seed development. PEPC is regulated by different post-translational modifications. Between them, the phosphorylation by PEPC-kinase (PEPCk) is widely documented. In this work, we simultaneously silenced the three sorghum genes encoding PEPCk (SbPPCK1-3) by RNAi interference, obtaining 12 independent transgenic lines (Ppck1-12 lines), showing different degrees of SbPPCK1-3 silencing. Among them, two T2 homozygous lines (Ppck-2 and Ppck-4) were selected for further evaluation. Expression of SbPPCK1 was reduced by 65% and 83% in Ppck-2 and Ppck-4 illuminated leaves, respectively. Expression of SbPPCK2 was higher in roots and decreased by 50% in Ppck-2 and Ppck-4 in this tissue. Expression of SbPPCK3 was low and highly variable. Despite the incomplete gene silencing, it decreased the degree of phosphorylation of PEPC in illuminated leaves, P-deficient plants, and NaCl-treated plants. Both leaves and seeds of Ppck lines had altered metabolic profiles and a general decrease in amino acid content. In addition, Ppck lines showed delayed flowering, and 20% of Ppck-4 plants did not produce flowers at all. The total amount of seeds was lowered by 50% and 36% in Ppck-2 and Ppck-4 lines, respectively. The quality of seeds was lower in Ppck lines: lower amino acid content, including Lys, and higher phytate content. These data confirm the relevance of the phosphorylation of PEPC in sorghum development, stress responses, yield, and quality of seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Pérez-López
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes nº 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana B Feria
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes nº 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Jacinto Gandullo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes nº 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Clara de la Osa
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes nº 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Irene Jiménez-Guerrero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes nº 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Cristina Echevarría
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes nº 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - José A Monreal
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes nº 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Sofía García-Mauriño
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes nº 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
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21
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Xiao X, Hu AY, Dong XY, Shen RF, Zhao XQ. Involvement of the 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase 4CL4 in rice phosphorus acquisition and rhizosphere microbe recruitment via root growth enlargement. PLANTA 2023; 258:7. [PMID: 37222817 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase 4CL4 is involved in enhancing rice P acquisition and use in acid soil by enlarging root growth and boosting functional rhizosphere microbe recruitment. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cannot easily acquire phosphorus (P) from acid soil, where root growth is inhibited and soil P is fixed. The combination of roots and rhizosphere microbiota is critical for plant P acquisition and soil P mobilization, but the associated molecular mechanism in rice is unclear. 4CL4/RAL1 encodes a 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase related to lignin biosynthesis in rice, and its dysfunction results in a small rice root system. In this study, soil culture and hydroponic experiments were conducted to examine the role of RAL1 in regulating rice P acquisition, fertilizer P use, and rhizosphere microbes in acid soil. Disruption of RAL1 markedly decreased root growth. Mutant rice plants exhibited decreased shoot growth, shoot P accumulation, and fertilizer P use efficiency when grown in soil-but not under hydroponic conditions, where all P is soluble and available for plants. Mutant ral1 and wild-type rice rhizospheres had distinct bacterial and fungal community structures, and wild-type rice recruited some genotype-specific microbial taxa associated with P solubilization. Our results highlight the function of 4CL4/RAL1 in enhancing rice P acquisition and use in acid soil, namely by enlarging root growth and boosting functional rhizosphere microbe recruitment. These findings can inform breeding strategies to improve P use efficiency through host genetic manipulation of root growth and rhizosphere microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - An Yong Hu
- School of Geographical Science, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Xiao Ying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xue Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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22
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Niedziński T, Rutkowska B, Łabętowicz J, Szulc W. Effect of Deep Placement Fertilization on the Distribution of Biomass, Nutrients, and Root System Development in Potato Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091880. [PMID: 37176938 PMCID: PMC10180890 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The study was carried out in designed pots-rhizoboxes. Root systems were evaluated using computer scanning to determine total length, root area, and root diameter. The study showed a favorable effect of deep placement of fertilizers on total yield, increasing biomass yield by 7-17% relative to surface fertilization. The largest biomass increase under the influence of deep fertilization was obtained in the case of tuber yield, in which a yield increase of 18-34% was obtained. Higher yields of potato tubers were obtained under depth fertilization compared to surface application of fertilizers. Under the influence of deep fertilization at a depth of 20 cm, the uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus by potato biomass increased by 20-21%. Increased depth of fertilization increased the proportion of nitrogen accumulated in the tubers, while in the case of phosphorus, no effect of depth on P distribution was shown. An analysis of root system parameters showed a positive effect on increases in length and total root area under deep fertilization of potato plants. Based on the study, it was found that the distribution of dry matter, nutrients, and potato root development parameters were most optimal when fertilizer granules were applied at a depth of 20 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Niedziński
- Independent Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowosynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Rutkowska
- Independent Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowosynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Łabętowicz
- Independent Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowosynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiesław Szulc
- Independent Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowosynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Yang Y, Yao P, Song H, Li Q. NtNCED3 regulates responses to phosphate deficiency and drought stress in Nicotiana tabacum. Gene 2023; 872:147458. [PMID: 37141953 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile and encounter to abiotic environmental stressors, such as nutrient deficiency and drought stress. Identifying stress tolerance genes and their mechanisms is vital to ensuring plant survival. In this study, we characterized NCED3 in the tobacco plant Nicotiana tabacum, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid that is widely involved in abiotic stress responses, using overexpression and RNA interference knockdown. Overexpression of NtNCED3 promoted primary root development, leading to increased dry weight, root-to-shoot ratio, photosynthetic capacity, and acid phosphatase activity, coinciding with highly increased phosphate uptake capability under low phosphate conditions. Under both drought and extreme phosphate deficiency conditions, the phosphate starvation response preceded the drought stress response. However, under high phosphate conditions, the drought stress phenotype emerged before the symptoms of phosphate deficiency. Plants overexpressing NtNCED3 grew better than the wild-type and NtNCED3 knockdown plants, with more developed root systems and higher biomass, phosphorus content, and hormone content. This study provides evidence that NtNCED3 enzyme participates in plant responses to phosphate deficiency and drought stress in N. tabacum, and NtNCED3 may serve as a potentially valuable gene for genetic modification of plant tolerance to both drought stress and phosphate starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Yang
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Panpan Yao
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hao Song
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qingchang Li
- China National Tobacco Corp Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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24
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Prathap V, Kumar S, Tyagi A. Comparative proteome analysis of phosphorus-responsive genotypes reveals the proteins differentially expressed under phosphorous starvation stress in rice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123760. [PMID: 36812961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P)-deficiency is one of the major nutrient constraints for global rice production. P-deficiency tolerance in rice involves complex regulatory mechanisms. To gain insights into the proteins involved in phosphorus acquisition and use efficiency in rice, proteome analysis of a high-yielding rice cultivar Pusa-44 and its near-isogenic line (NIL)-23 harboring a major phosphorous uptake (Pup1) QTL, grown under control and P-starvation stress, was performed. Comparative proteome profiling of shoot and root tissues from the plants grown hydroponically with P (16 ppm, +P) or without P (0 ppm, -P) resulted in the identification of 681 and 567 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in shoot of Pusa-44 and NIL-23, respectively. Similarly, 66 and 93 DEPs were identified in root of Pusa-44 and NIL-23, respectively. These P-starvation responsive DEPs were annotated to be involved in metabolic processes like photosynthesis, starch-, sucrose-, energy-metabolism, transcription factors (mainly ARF, ZFP, HD-ZIP, MYB), and phytohormone signaling. Comparative analysis of the expression patterns observed by proteome analysis with that reported at the transcriptome level indicated the Pup1 QTL-mediated post-transcriptional regulation plays an important role under -P stress. Thus, the present study describes the molecular aspect of the regulatory functions of Pup1 QTL under P-starvation stress in rice, which might help develop an efficient rice cultivar with enhanced P acquisition and assimilation for better performance in P-deficient soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Prathap
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Aruna Tyagi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
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25
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Lu H, Wang F, Wang Y, Lin R, Wang Z, Mao C. Molecular mechanisms and genetic improvement of low-phosphorus tolerance in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1104-1119. [PMID: 36208118 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a macronutrient required for plant growth and reproduction. Orthophosphate (Pi), the preferred P form for plant uptake, is easily fixed in the soil, making it unavailable to plants. Limited phosphate rock resources, low phosphate fertilizer use efficiency and high demands for green agriculture production make it important to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to P deficiency and to improve plant phosphate efficiency in crops. Over the past 20 years, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the regulatory mechanisms of the plant P starvation response. Here, we systematically review current research on the mechanisms of Pi acquisition, transport and distribution from the rhizosphere to the shoot; Pi redistribution and reuse during reproductive growth; and the molecular mechanisms of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Pi deficiency. Furthermore, we discuss several strategies for boosting P utilization efficiency and yield in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya, Hainan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongbin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanzao Mao
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya, Hainan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Ahmad I, Ahmad M, Bushra, Hussain A, Mumtaz MZ, Najm-ul-Seher, Abbasi GH, Nazli F, Pataczek L, Ali HM. Mineral-Solubilizing Bacteria-Mediated Enzymatic Regulation and Nutrient Acquisition Benefit Cotton’s (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Vegetative and Reproductive Growth. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040861. [PMID: 37110284 PMCID: PMC10146682 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Many farmers’ incomes in developing countries depend on the cultivation of major crops grown in arid and semi-arid regions. The agricultural productivity of arid and semi-arid areas primarily relies on chemical fertilizers. The effectiveness of chemical fertilizers needs to improve by integration with other sources of nutrients. Plant growth-promoting bacteria can solubilize nutrients, increase plant nutrient uptake, and supplement chemical fertilizers. A pot experiment evaluated the promising plant growth-promoting bacterial strain’s effectiveness in promoting cotton growth, antioxidant enzymes, yield, and nutrient uptake. Two phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis IA6 and Paenibacillus polymyxa IA7) and two zinc solubilizing bacterial strains (Bacillus sp. IA7 and Bacillus aryabhattai IA20) were coated on cotton seeds in a single as well as co-inoculation treatments. These treatments were compared with uninoculated controls in the presence and absence of recommended chemical fertilizer doses. The results showed the co-inoculation combination of Paenibacillus polymyxa IA7 and Bacillus aryabhattai IA20 significantly increased the number of bolls, seed cotton yield, lint yield, and antioxidants activities, including superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, and peroxidase. Co-inoculation combination of Bacillus subtilis IA6 and Bacillus sp. IA16 promoted growth attributes, including shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, and root fresh weight. This co-inoculation combination also increased soil nutrient content. At the same time, Paenibacillus polymyxa IA7 + Bacillus aryabhattai IA20 increased nutrient uptake by plant shoots and roots compared.
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Urlić B, Dumičić G, Radić T, Goreta Ban S, Romić M. Phosphorus Use Efficiency of Leafy Brassica sp. Grown in Three Contrasting Soils: Growth, Enzyme Activity and Phosphorus Fractionation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1295. [PMID: 36986983 PMCID: PMC10056877 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant adaptations to low soil phosphorus (P) availability have been intensively studied in Brassica sp. in an attempt to identify the mechanisms involved in P uptake and utilization. The present pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the relationships between plant shoot and root growth, P uptake and use efficiency parameters, and P fractions and enzyme activity, in two species grown in three soil types. The aim of this study was to determine whether adaptation mechanisms are soil-dependent. Two kale species were grown in soils typical for coastal Croatia (terra rossa, rendzina, and fluvisol) with low P availability. Plants grown in fluvisol had the highest shoot biomass and accumulated most P, whereas plants developed the longest roots in terra rossa. Phosphatase activity differed among soils. P use efficiency differed among soils and species. Genotype IJK 17 showed better adaptation to low P availability, which was related to better uptake efficiency. In general, soils differed in inorganic and organic P fractions in rhizosphere soil, but no difference between genotypes was found. The activities of alkaline phosphatase and phosphodiesterase were negatively correlated with most organic P fractions, suggesting their function in the mineralization of soil organic P. Kale species activate different mechanisms of P uptake and utilization when grown in contrasting soil types, suggesting that specific responses to the soil type were more important than the genotypic difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branimir Urlić
- Department of Applied Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Gvozden Dumičić
- Department of Applied Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Radić
- Department of Applied Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Smiljana Goreta Ban
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Huguesa 8, HR-52440 Poreč, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Romić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Salim M, Chen Y, Solaiman ZM, Siddique KHM. Phosphorus Application Enhances Root Traits, Root Exudation, Phosphorus Use Efficiency, and Seed Yield of Soybean Genotypes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1110. [PMID: 36903971 PMCID: PMC10005312 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a vital macronutrient required for soybean growth and development but is a finite resource in agriculture worldwide. Low inorganic P availability in soil is often a significant constraint for soybean production. However, little is known about the response of P supply on agronomic, root morphology, and physiological mechanisms of contrasting soybean genotypes at various growth stages and the possible effects of different P on soybean yield and yield components. Therefore, we conducted two concurrent experiments using the soil-filled pots with six genotypes (deep-root system: PI 647960, PI 398595, PI 561271, PI 654356; and shallow-root system: PI 595362, PI 597387) and two P levels [0 (P0) and 60 (P60) mg P kg-1 dry soil] and deep PVC columns with two genotypes (PI 561271 and PI 595362) and three P levels [0 (P0), 60 (P60), and 120 (P120) mg P kg-1 dry soil] in a temperature-controlled glasshouse. The genotype × P level interaction showed that increased higher P supply increased leaf area, shoot and root dry weights, total root length, shoot, root, and seed P concentrations and contents, P use efficiency (PUE), root exudation, and seed yield at different growth stages in both experiments. At the vegetative stage (Experiment 1), shallow-rooted genotypes with shorter life cycles had more root dry weight (39%) and total root length (38%) than deep-rooted genotypes with longer life cycles under different P levels. Genotype PI 654356 produced significantly higher (22% more) total carboxylates than PI 647960 and PI 597387 under P60 but not at P0. Total carboxylates positively correlated with root dry weight, total root length, shoot and root P contents, and physiological PUE. The deep-rooted genotypes (PI 398595, PI 647960, PI 654356, and PI 561271) had the highest PUE and root P contents. In Experiment 2, at the flowering stage, genotype PI 561271 had the greatest leaf area (202%), shoot dry weight (113%), root dry weight (143%), and root length (83%) relative to the short-duration, shallow-rooted genotype PI 595362 with external P applied (P60 and P120), with similar trends at maturity. PI 595362 had a greater proportion of carboxylates as malonate (248%), malate (58%), and total carboxylates (82%) than PI 561271 under P60 and P120 but no differences at P0. At maturity, the deep-rooted genotype PI 561271 had greater shoot, root, and seed P contents and PUE than the shallow-rooted genotype PI 595362 under increased P rates but no differences at P0. Further, the genotype PI 561271 had higher shoot (53%), root (165%), and seed yield (47%) than PI 595362 with P60 and P120 than P0. Therefore, inorganic P application enhances plant resistance to the soil P pool and maintains high soybean biomass production and seed yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salim
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Zakaria M. Solaiman
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Zhao X, Chen KK, Wang LT, Zhao LL, Wang PC. Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the response of Lotus corniculatus roots to low-phosphorus stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1089380. [PMID: 36938008 PMCID: PMC10014540 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1089380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A lack of soil phosphorus (P) is a principal factor restricting the normal growth of Lotus corniculatus in the karst area of Guizhou Province, China, but the response mechanism of L. corniculatus under low-phosphorus stress remains unclear. METHODS Therefore, we treated two selected L. corniculatus lines (low-P-intolerant line 08518 and low-P-tolerant line 01549) from 13 L. corniculatus lines with normal phosphorus (0.5 mmol/L KH2PO4, NP) and low phosphorus (0.005 mmol/L KH2PO4, LP) concentrations to study changes in morphological, physiological and transcriptome data under low-phosphorus stress. RESULTS The low-P-tolerant line 01549 exhibited better performance under low-phosphorus stress. Compared with the NP treatment, all root morphological indicators of the low-P-tolerant line 01549 increased, and those of the low-P-intolerant line 08518 decreased under low-P stress. Compared with the NP treatment, acid phosphatase (ACP), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activities, and the malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP) and proline (Pro) contents of the two L. corniculatus lines increased under low-P stress. A transcriptome analysis of L. corniculatus showed that a total of 656 and 2243 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in line 01549 and line 08518, respectively. Meanwhile, the main pathways, such as carbohydrate metabolism, acid phosphatases, phosphate transporters and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, as well as related genes were also screened by performing a KEGG enrichment analysis. DISCUSSION The findings provide an essential point of reference for studying the physiological and molecular mechanism of the response to low-P stress in L. corniculatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ke-ke Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lei-ting Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Li-Li Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Pu-Chang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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Rani V, Sengar RS, Garg SK, Mishra P, Shukla PK. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Physiological and Molecular Role of Strigolactones as Plant Growth Regulators: A Review. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00694-2. [PMID: 36802323 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Rani
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, 250110, India.
| | - R S Sengar
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, 250110, India.
| | - Sanjay Kumar Garg
- M. J. P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243006, India
| | - Pragati Mishra
- Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211007, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Shukla
- Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211007, India
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Iqbal A, Qiang D, Xiangru W, Huiping G, Hengheng Z, Xiling Z, Meizhen S. Phosphorus and carbohydrate metabolism contributes to low phosphorus tolerance in cotton. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:97. [PMID: 36792994 PMCID: PMC9933316 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Low phosphorus (P) is one of the limiting factors in sustainable cotton production. However, little is known about the performance of contrasting low P tolerant cotton genotypes that might be a possible option to grow in low P condition. In the current study, we characterized the response of two cotton genotypes, Jimian169 a strong low P tolerant, and DES926 a weak low P tolerant genotypes under low and normal P conditions. The results showed that low P greatly inhibited growth, dry matter production, photosynthesis, and enzymatic activities related to antioxidant system and carbohydrate metabolism and the inhibition was more in DES926 as compared to Jimian169. In contrast, low P improved root morphology, carbohydrate accumulation, and P metabolism, especially in Jimian169, whereas the opposite responses were observed for DES926. The strong low P tolerance in Jimian169 is linked with a better root system and enhanced P and carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting that Jimian169 is a model genotype for cotton breeding. Results thus indicate that the Jimian169, compared with DES926, tolerates low P by enhancing carbohydrate metabolism and by inducing the activity of several enzymes related to P metabolism. This apparently causes rapid P turnover and enables the Jimian169 to use P more efficiently. Moreover, the transcript level of the key genes could provide useful information to study the molecular mechanism of low P tolerance in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Agriculture, Hazara University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 21120, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Dong Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Xiangru
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, Xinjiang, China
| | - Gui Huiping
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Hengheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Xiling
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, Xinjiang, China
| | - Song Meizhen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China.
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, Xinjiang, China.
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Shaaban A, El-Mageed TAA, El-Momen WRA, Saudy HS, Al-Elwany OAAI. The Integrated Application of Phosphorous and Zinc Affects the Physiological Status, Yield and Quality of Canola Grown in Phosphorus-suffered Deficiency Saline Soil. GESUNDE PFLANZEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10343-023-00843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractDespite the soil could contain high amount of phosphorus (P), salinity reduce its availability for crop plants. Hence, farmers should practice several tactics to ameliorate P deficiency in soils. The current study aimed to assess the importance of zinc (Zn) supply for mitigating the deficiency of P for canola grown in saline soil. The effects of three Zn rates (0, 150 and 300 mg L−1, Zn0, Zn150 and Zn300, respectively) under three P rates (0, 36 and 72 kg P2O5 ha−1, P0, P36, and P72, respectively) on physiological status, yield and quality of canola were measured. Treatments were arranged in the strip plot design based on completely randomized blocks with three replicates. Findings exhibited that P36 recorded the highest values of membrane stability index in the 2nd season, while statistically leveled P72 for relative water content and chlorophyll fluorescence in both seasons. Zn300 exhibited potent effect on all canola physiological traits in both seasons. In both seasons, P36 × Zn300, P72 × Zn150 and P72 × Zn300 showed the maximum chlorophyll fluorescence and performance index values. Plots treated with P72 achieved 70.0% increase in canola seed yield, greater than the untreated ones. Seed yield obtained with Zn300 were higher than Zn0 and Zn150 by1.30 and 1.10 times in 2019/20 season and 1.23 and 1.05 times in 2020/21 season. The highest oil % was recorded with P0 × Zn150 and P72 × Zn0 in the 1st season and with P72 × Zn150 in the 2nd season.
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Zveushe OK, de Dios VR, Zhang H, Zeng F, Liu S, Shen S, Kang Q, Zhang Y, Huang M, Sarfaraz A, Prajapati M, Zhou L, Zhang W, Han Y, Dong F. Effects of Co-Inoculating Saccharomyces spp. with Bradyrhizobium japonicum on Atmospheric Nitrogen Fixation in Soybeans ( Glycine max (L.)). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:681. [PMID: 36771765 PMCID: PMC9919766 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Crop production encounters challenges due to the dearth of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), while excessive chemical fertilizer use causes environmental hazards. The use of N-fixing microbes and P-solubilizing microbes (PSMs) can be a sustainable strategy to overcome these problems. Here, we conducted a greenhouse pot experiment following a completely randomized blocked design to elucidate the influence of co-inoculating N-fixing bacteria (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) and PSMs (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces exiguus) on atmospheric N2-fixation, growth, and yield. The results indicate a significant influence of interaction on Indole-3-acetic acid production, P solubilization, seedling germination, and growth. It was also found that atmospheric N2-fixation, nodule number per plant, nodule dry weight, straw, and root dry weight per plant at different growth stages were significantly increased under dual inoculation treatments relative to single inoculation or no inoculation treatment. Increased seed yield and N and P accumulation were also noticed under co-inoculation treatments. Soil available N was highest under sole bacterial inoculation and lowest under the control treatment, while soil available P was highest under co-inoculation treatments and lowest under the control treatment. We demonstrated that the co-inoculation of N-fixing bacteria and PSMs enhances P bioavailability and atmospheric N2-fixation in soybeans leading to improved soil fertility, raising crop yields, and promoting sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obey Kudakwashe Zveushe
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Victor Resco de Dios
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Joint Research Unit CTFC-AGROTECNIO, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Hengxing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Siqin Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Songrong Shen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Qianlin Kang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yazhen Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Miao Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Ahmed Sarfaraz
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Matina Prajapati
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Ying Han
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Faqin Dong
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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Xue C, Li W, Shen R, Lan P. Impacts of iron on phosphate starvation-induced root hair growth in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:215-238. [PMID: 36174546 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, phosphate starvation (-Pi)-induced responses of primary root and lateral root growth are documented to be correlated with ambient iron (Fe) status. However, whether and how Fe participates in -Pi-induced root hair growth (RHG) remains unclear. Here, responses of RHG to different Fe concentrations under Pi sufficiency/deficiency were verified. Generally, distinct dosage effects of Fe on RHG appeared at both Pi levels, due to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Following analyses using auxin mutants and the phr1 mutant revealed that auxin and the central regulator PHR1 are required for Fe-triggered RHG under -Pi. A further proteomic study indicated that processes of vesicle trafficking and auxin synthesis and transport were affected by Fe under -Pi, which were subsequently validated by using a vesicle trafficking inhibitor, brefeldin A, and an auxin reporter, R2D2. Moreover, vesicle trafficking-mediated recycling of PIN2, an auxin efflux transporter, was notably affected by Fe under -Pi. Correspondingly, root hairs of pin2 mutant displayed attenuated responses to Fe under -Pi. Together, we propose that Fe affects auxin signalling probably by modulating vesicle trafficking, chiefly the PIN2 recycling, which might work jointly with PHR1 on modulating -Pi-induced RHG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiwen Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sceinces, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Renfang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sceinces, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sceinces, Beijing, China
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Duan M, Li L, Ding G, Ma Z. Leading nutrient foraging strategies shaping by root system characteristics along the elevations in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2468-2479. [PMID: 35849054 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
When it comes to root and mycorrhizal associations that define resource acquisition strategy, there is a need to identify the leading dimension across root physiology, morphology, architecture and whole plant biomass allocation to better predict the plant's responses to multiple environmental constraints. Here, we developed a new framework for understanding the variation in roots and symbiotic fungi by quantifying multiple-scale characteristics, ranging from anatomy to the whole plant. We chose the rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) grown at three elevations to test our framework and to identify the key dimensions for resource acquisition. Results showed that the quantities of absorptive roots and root system architecture, rather than single root traits, played the leading role in belowground resource acquisition. As the elevation increased from the low to high elevation, root length growth, productivity and root mass fraction (RMF) increased by 2.9-, 2.3- and 13.8-fold, respectively. The contribution of RMF to the changes in total root length was 3.6-fold that of specific root length (SRL). Root architecture exhibited higher plasticity than anatomy and morphology. Further, mycorrhizal colonization was highly sensitive to rising elevations with a non-monotonic pattern. By contrast, both leaf biomass and specific leaf area (traits) co-varied with increasing elevation. In summary, rubber trees changed root system architecture by allocating more biomass and lowering the reliance on mycorrhizal fungi rather than improving single root efficiency in adapting to high elevation. Our framework is instructive for traits-based ecology; accurate assessments of forest carbon cycling in response to resource gradient should account for the leading dimension of root system architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengcheng Duan
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Li
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Gaigai Ding
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zeqing Ma
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Kaur J, Mudgal G, Chand K, Singh GB, Perveen K, Bukhari NA, Debnath S, Mohan TC, Charukesi R, Singh G. An exopolysaccharide-producing novel Agrobacterium pusense strain JAS1 isolated from snake plant enhances plant growth and soil water retention. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21330. [PMID: 36494408 PMCID: PMC9734154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A peculiar bacterial growth was very often noticed in leaf-initiated tissue cultures of Sansevieria trifasciata, a succulent belonging to the Asparagaceae family. The isolate left trails of some highly viscous material on the walls of the suspension vessels or developed a thick overlay on semisolid media without adversities in plant growth. FTIR identified this substance to be an extracellular polysaccharide. Various morphological, biochemical tests, and molecular analyses using 16S rRNA, atpD, and recA genes characterized this isolate JAS1 as a novel strain of Agrobacterium pusense. Its mucoidal growth over Murashige and Skoog media yielded enormous exopolysaccharide (7252 mg l-1), while in nutrient agar it only developed fast-growing swarms. As a qualifying plant growth-promoting bacteria, it produces significant indole-3-acetic acid (86.95 mg l-1), gibberellic acid (172.98 mg l-1), ammonia (42.66 µmol ml-1). Besides, it produces siderophores, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, fixes nitrogen, forms biofilms, and productively solubilizes soil inorganic phosphates, and zinc. Under various treatments with JAS1, wheat and chickpea resulted in significantly enhanced shoot and root growth parameters. PGP effects of JAS1 positively enhanced plants' physiological growth parameters reflecting significant increments in overall chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline, phenols, flavonoids, and sugar contents. In addition, the isolated strain maintained both plant and soil health under an intermittent soil drying regime, probably by both its PGP and EPS production attributes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur
- grid.448792.40000 0004 4678 9721University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413 India
| | - Gaurav Mudgal
- grid.448792.40000 0004 4678 9721University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413 India
| | - Kartar Chand
- grid.448792.40000 0004 4678 9721University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413 India
| | - Gajendra B. Singh
- grid.448792.40000 0004 4678 9721University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413 India
| | - Kahkashan Perveen
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat A. Bukhari
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandip Debnath
- grid.440987.60000 0001 2259 7889Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal 731236 India
| | - Thotegowdanapalya C. Mohan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Bannimantapa Road, Mysore, 570015 India
| | - Rajulu Charukesi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Bannimantapa Road, Mysore, 570015 India
| | - Gaurav Singh
- Stress Signaling to the Nucleus, CNRS-Institute of Molecular Biology of Plants, 12 Rue du General-Zimmer, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Faizan M, Cheng SH, Tonny SH, Robab MI. Specific roles of strigolactones in plant physiology and remediation of heavy metals from contaminated soil. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 192:186-195. [PMID: 36244191 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) have been implicated in various developmental processes of the plant, including the response against several abiotic stresses. It is well known as a class of endogenous phytohormones that regulates shoot branching, secondary growth and root morphology. This hormone facilitates plants in responding to nitrogen and phosphorus starvation by shaping the above and below ground structural design. SLs actively participate within regulatory networks of plant stress adaptation that are governed by phytohormones. Heavy metals (HMs) in soil are considered a serious environmental problem that causes various harmful effects on plants. SLs along with other plant hormones imply the role in plant architecture is far from being fully understood. Strategy to remove/remediation of HMs from the soil with the help of SLs has not been defined yet. Therefore, the present review aims to comprehensively provide an overview of SLs role in fine-tuning plant architectures, relation with other plant hormones under abiotic stress, and remediation of HMs contaminated soil using SLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faizan
- Botany Section, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, 500032, India.
| | - Shi Hui Cheng
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sadia Haque Tonny
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agriculture University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Merajul Islam Robab
- Botany Section, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, 500032, India
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Godlewska P, Kończak M, Oleszczuk P. Effect of carrier gas change during sewage sludge or sewage sludge and willow pyrolysis on ecotoxicity of biochar-amended soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114224. [PMID: 36332403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Different pyrolysis conditions determine the properties of the biochar. The properties of biochar may affect directly or indirectly their influence on living organisms. The aim of this study was to determine the toxicity of biochar obtained under different conditions (temperature: 500 or 700 °C, carrier gas: N2 or CO2, feedstock: sewage sludge or sewage sludge/biomass mixture) after adding to the soil in long-term pot experiment (180 days). Biochars were added to the podzolic loamy sand at a 2% (w/w) dose. Samples were collected at the beginning of the experiment and after 30, 90 and 180 days. The bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri (luminescence inhibition - Microtox), the plant Lepidium sativum (root growth and germination inhibition test - Phytotoxkit F), and the invertebrate Folsomia candida (mortality and reproduction inhibition test - Collembolan test) were used as the test organisms. In the long-term perspective for most tests, changing the carrier gas from N2 to CO2 resulted in reduced toxicity of the biochar. A particularly beneficial effect of changing the gas to CO2 was observed for the solid-phase test with L. sativum. The CO2 during pyrolysis had the least beneficial effect on toxicity towards A. fischeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Godlewska
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kończak
- Department of Hydrology and Climatology, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 2 cd Kraśnicka, Ave., 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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Kayoumu M, Li X, Iqbal A, Wang X, Gui H, Qi Q, Ruan S, Guo R, Dong Q, Zhang X, Song M. Genetic variation in morphological traits in cotton and their roles in increasing phosphorus-use-efficiency in response to low phosphorus availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1051080. [PMID: 36531355 PMCID: PMC9749730 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1051080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient required for fundamental processes in plants. Trait plasticity is crucial for plant adaptation to environmental change. Variations in traits underlie diverse phosphorus (P) acquisition strategies among plants. Nevertheless, how the intraspecific plasticity and integration of morphological traits contribute to Phosphorus-Use-Efficiency (PUE) in cotton is unknown. In this study, 25 morphological traits were evaluated in 384 cotton genotypes grown with low P (LP, 10μmol. L-1) and normal nutrition (CK, 500μmol. L-1) to assess the genetic variability of morphological traits and their relationship to phosphorus use efficiency. Results revealed a large genetic variation in mostly morphological traits under low P. Significant enhancement in root traits and phosphorus efficiency-related traits like PUE was observed at LP as compared to CK conditions. In response to low P availability, cotton genotypes showed large plasticity in shoot and total dry biomass, phosphorus, and nitrogen efficiency-related traits (i.e., phosphorus/nitrogen use efficiency, phosphorus/nitrogen uptake efficiency), and most root traits, but a limited response in root dry biomass, taproot length, root surface area, root volume, and SPAD value. In addition, significant correlations were observed between PUtE (phosphorus uptake efficiency), NUE (nitrogen use efficiency), TDB (total dry biomass), and RTD (root tissue density) with PUE under both P supply level and phosphorus stress index, which may be a key indicator for improving PUE under LP conditions. Most root traits are most affected by genotypes than nutrition level. Conserved PUE is more affected by the nutrition level than the genotype effect. Principal component analysis depicted the comprehensive indicators under two P supply conditions were mainly reflected in root-related traits and morphological indicators such as dry matter biomass. These results indicate that interspecific variations exist within these cotton genotypes and traits. Our study provides suggestions for future research to enhance the ability of the earth system model to predict how crops respond to environmental interference and provide target quality for cotton breeding in phosphorus-deficient areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirezhatijiang Kayoumu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Huiping Gui
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Qian Qi
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Sijia Ruan
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Ruishi Guo
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiling Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Meizhen Song
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
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Li M, Zhou J, Lang X, Han D, Hu Y, Ding Y, Wang G, Guo J, Shi L. Integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis in roots of wild soybean seedlings in response to low-phosphorus stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1006806. [PMID: 36466240 PMCID: PMC9713585 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1006806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plants undergo divergent adaptations to form different ecotypes when exposed to different habitats. Ecotypes with ecological adaptation advantages are excellent germplasm resources for crop improvement. METHODS his study comprehensively compared the differences in morphology and physiological mechanisms in the roots of two different ecotypes of wild soybean (Glycine soja) seedlings under artificially simulated low-phosphorus (LP) stress. RESULT The seedlings of barren-tolerant wild soybean (GS2) suffered less damage than common wild soybean (GS1). GS2 absorbed more phosphorus (P) by increasing root length. In-depth integrated analyses of transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed the formation process of the ecological adaptability of the two different ecotypes wild soybean from the perspective of gene expression and metabolic changes. This study revealed the adaptation process of GS2 from the perspective of the adaptation of structural and molecular metabolism, mainly including: (1) Enhancing the metabolism of phenolic compounds, lignin, and organic acid metabolism could activate unavailable soil P; (2) Up-regulating genes encoding pectinesterase and phospholipase C (PLC) specifically could promote the reuse of structural P; (3) Some factors could reduce the oxidative damage to the membranes caused by LP stress, such as accumulating the metabolites putrescine and ascorbate significantly, up-regulating the genes encoding SQD2 (the key enzyme of sulfolipid substitution of phospholipids) substantially and enhancing the synthesis of secondary antioxidant metabolite anthocyanins and the AsA-GSH cycle; (4) enhancing the uptake of soil P by upregulating inorganic phosphate transporter, acid phosphatase ACP1, and purple acid phosphatase genes; (5) HSFA6b and MYB61 are the key TFs to resist LP stress. DISCUSSION In general, GS2 could resist LP stress by activating unavailable soil P, reusing plant structural P, rebuilding membrane lipids, and enhancing the antioxidant membrane protection system. Our study provides a new perspective for the study of divergent adaptation of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Li
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Centre, The Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Xianyu Lang
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Defu Han
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjun Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yinan Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangye Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jixun Guo
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Lianxuan Shi
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
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Bhattacharya S, Gröne F, Przesdzink F, Ziffer-Berger J, Barazani O, Mummenhoff K, Kappert N. 'Root of all success': Plasticity in root architecture of invasive wild radish for adaptive benefit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1035089. [PMID: 36466265 PMCID: PMC9709435 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1035089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Successful plant establishment in a particular environment depends on the root architecture of the seedlings and the extent of edaphic resource utilization. However, diverse habitats often pose a predicament on the suitability of the fundamental root structure of a species that evolved over a long period. We hypothesized that the plasticity in the genetically controlled root architecture in variable habitats provides an adaptive advantage to worldwide-distributed wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum, Rr) over its close relative (R. pugioniformis, Rp) that remained endemic to the East Mediterranean region. To test the hypothesis, we performed a reciprocal comparative analysis between the two species, growing in a common garden experiment on their native soils (Hamra/Sandy for Rr, Terra Rossa for Rp) and complementary controlled experiments mimicking the major soil compositions. Additionally, we analyzed the root growth kinetics via semi-automated digital profiling and compared the architecture between Rr and Rp. In both experiments, the primary roots of Rr were significantly longer, developed fewer lateral roots, and showed slower growth kinetics than Rp. Multivariate analyses of seven significant root architecture variables revealed that Rr could successfully adapt to different surrogate growth conditions by only modulating their main root length and number of lateral roots. In contrast, Rp needs to modify several other root parameters, which are very resource-intensive, to grow on non-native soil. Altogether the findings suggest an evo-devo adaptive advantage for Rr as it can potentially establish in various habitats with the minimal tweak of key root parameters, hence allocating resources for other developmental requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franziska Gröne
- Department of Biology, Botany, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Felix Przesdzink
- Department of Biology, Botany, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jotham Ziffer-Berger
- Department of Biology, Levinsky College of Education, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Herbarium, Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Oz Barazani
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Klaus Mummenhoff
- Department of Biology, Botany, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Niels Kappert
- Department of Biology, Botany, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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Abbas M, Abid MA, Meng Z, Abbas M, Wang P, Lu C, Askari M, Akram U, Ye Y, Wei Y, Wang Y, Guo S, Liang C, Zhang R. Integrating advancements in root phenotyping and genome-wide association studies to open the root genetics gateway. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13787. [PMID: 36169590 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant adaptation to challenging environmental conditions around the world has made root growth and development an important research area for plant breeders and scientists. Targeted manipulation of root system architecture (RSA) to increase water and nutrient use efficiency can minimize the adverse effects of climate change on crop production. However, phenotyping of RSA is a major bottleneck since the roots are hidden in the soil. Recently the development of 2- and 3D root imaging techniques combined with the genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have opened up new research tools to identify the genetic basis of RSA. These approaches provide a comprehensive understanding of the RSA, by accelerating the identification and characterization of genes involved in root growth and development. This review summarizes the latest developments in phenotyping techniques and GWAS for RSA, which are used to map important genes regulating various aspects of RSA under varying environmental conditions. Furthermore, we discussed about the state-of-the-art image analysis tools integrated with various phenotyping platforms for investigating and quantifying root traits with the highest phenotypic plasticity in both artificial and natural environments which were used for large scale association mapping studies, leading to the identification of RSA phenotypes and their underlying genetics with the greatest potential for RSA improvement. In addition, challenges in root phenotyping and GWAS are also highlighted, along with future research directions employing machine learning and pan-genomics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Abbas
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Ali Abid
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Meng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Manzar Abbas
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Peilin Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Askari
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Umar Akram
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulu Ye
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxiao Wei
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sandui Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Grzebisz W, Diatta J, Barłóg P, Biber M, Potarzycki J, Łukowiak R, Przygocka-Cyna K, Szczepaniak W. Soil Fertility Clock-Crop Rotation as a Paradigm in Nitrogen Fertilizer Productivity Control. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2841. [PMID: 36365294 PMCID: PMC9656335 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Soil Fertility Clock (SFC) concept is based on the assumption that the critical content (range) of essential nutrients in the soil is adapted to the requirements of the most sensitive plant in the cropping sequence (CS). This provides a key way to effectively control the productivity of fertilizer nitrogen (Nf). The production goals of a farm are set for the maximum crop yield, which is defined by the environmental conditions of the production process. This target can be achieved, provided that the efficiency of Nf approaches 1.0. Nitrogen (in fact, nitrate) is the determining yield-forming factor, but only when it is balanced with the supply of other nutrients (nitrogen-supporting nutrients; N-SNs). The condition for achieving this level of Nf efficiency is the effectiveness of other production factors, including N-SNs, which should be set at ≤1.0. A key source of N-SNs for a plant is the soil zone occupied by the roots. N-SNs should be applied in order to restore their content in the topsoil to the level required by the most sensitive crop in a given CS. Other plants in the CS provide the timeframe for active controlling the distance of the N-SNs from their critical range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Grzebisz
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
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Kohli PS, Pazhamala LT, Mani B, Thakur JK, Giri J. Root hair-specific transcriptome reveals response to low phosphorus in Cicer arietinum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:983969. [PMID: 36267945 PMCID: PMC9577374 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.983969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs (RH) are a single-cell extension of root epidermal cells. In low phosphorus (LP) availability, RH length and density increase thus expanding the total root surface area for phosphate (Pi) acquisition. However, details on genes involved in RH development and response to LP are missing in an agronomically important leguminous crop, chickpea. To elucidate this response in chickpea, we performed tissue-specific RNA-sequencing and analyzed the transcriptome modulation for RH and root without RH (Root-RH) under LP. Root hair initiation and cellular differentiation genes like RSL TFs and ROPGEFs are upregulated in Root-RH, explaining denser, and ectopic RH in LP. In RH, genes involved in tip growth processes and phytohormonal biosynthesis like cell wall synthesis and loosening (cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit, CaEXPA2, CaGRP2, and CaXTH2), cytoskeleton/vesicle transport, and ethylene biosynthesis are upregulated. Besides RH development, genes involved in LP responses like lipid and/or pectin P remobilization and acid phosphatases are induced in these tissues summarizing a complete molecular response to LP. Further, RH displayed preferential enrichment of processes involved in symbiotic interactions, which provide an additional benefit during LP. In conclusion, RH shows a multi-faceted response that starts with molecular changes for epidermal cell differentiation and RH initiation in Root-RH and later induction of tip growth and various LP responses in elongated RH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Balaji Mani
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Thakur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
- International Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Jitender Giri
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
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Silva FMDO, Bulgarelli RG, Mubeen U, Caldana C, Andrade SAL, Mazzafera P. Low phosphorus induces differential metabolic responses in eucalyptus species improving nutrient use efficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:989827. [PMID: 36186027 PMCID: PMC9520260 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.989827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a vital nutrient for plant growth. P availability is generally low in soils, and plant responses to low P availability need to be better understood. In a previous study, we studied the growth and physiological responses of 24 species to low P availability in the soil and verified of eucalypts, five (Eucalyptus acmenoides, E. grandis, E. globulus, E. tereticornis, and Corymbia maculata) contrasted regarding their efficiency and responsiveness to soil P availability. Here, we obtained the metabolomic and lipidomic profile of leaves, stems, and roots from these species growing under low (4.5 mg dm-3) and sufficient (10.8 mg dm-3) P in the soil. Disregarding the level of P in the soils, P allocation was always higher in the stems. However, when grown in the P-sufficient soil, the stems steadily were the largest compartment of the total plant P. Under low P, the relative contents of primary metabolites, such as amino acids, TCA cycle intermediates, organic acids and carbohydrates, changed differently depending on the species. Additionally, phosphorylated metabolites showed enhanced turnover or reductions. While photosynthetic efficiencies were not related to higher biomass production, A/Ci curves showed that reduced P availability increased the eucalypt species' Vcmax, Jmax and photosynthetic P-use efficiency. Plants of E. acmenoides increased galactolipids and sulfolipids in leaves more than other eucalypt species, suggesting that lipid remodelling can be a strategy to cope with the P shortage in this species. Our findings offer insights to understand genotypic efficiency among eucalypt species to accommodate primary metabolism under low soil P availability and eventually be used as biochemical markers for breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Umarah Mubeen
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Camila Caldana
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sara Adrian L. Andrade
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Crop Production, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Maqbool S, Saeed F, Raza A, Rasheed A, He Z. Association of Root Hair Length and Density with Yield-Related Traits and Expression Patterns of TaRSL4 Underpinning Root Hair Length in Spring Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2235. [PMID: 36079617 PMCID: PMC9460385 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs play an important role in absorbing water and nutrients in crop plants. Here we optimized high-throughput root hair length (RHL) and root hair density (RHD) phenotyping in wheat using a portable Dinolite™ microscope. A collection of 24 century wide spring wheat cultivars released between 1911 and 2016 were phenotyped for RHL and RHD. The results revealed significant variations for both traits with five and six-fold variation for RHL and RHD, respectively. RHL ranged from 1.01 mm to 1.77 mm with an average of 1.39 mm, and RHD ranged from 17.08 mm-2 to 20.8 mm-2 with an average of 19.6 mm-2. Agronomic and physiological traits collected from five different environments and their best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) were correlated with RHL and RHD, and results revealed that relative-water contents (RWC), biomass and grain per spike (GpS) were positively correlated with RHL in both water-limited and well-watered conditions. While RHD was negatively correlated with grain yield (GY) in four environments and their BLUPs. Both RHL and RHD had positive correlation indicating the possibility of simultaneous selection of both phenotypes during wheat breeding. The expression pattern of TaRSL4 gene involved in regulation of root hair length was determined in all 24 wheat cultivars based on RNA-seq data, which indicated the differentially higher expression of the A- and D- homeologues of the gene in roots, while B-homeologue was consistently expressed in both leaf and roots. The results were validated by qRT-PCR and the expression of TaRSL4 was consistently high in rainfed cultivars such as Chakwal-50, Rawal-87, and Margallah-99. Overall, the new phenotyping method for RHL and RHD along with correlations with morphological and physiological traits in spring wheat cultivars improved our understanding for selection of these phenotypes in wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Maqbool
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Saeed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Awais Rasheed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) & CIMMYT-China Office, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) & CIMMYT-China Office, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
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Chen H, Wei J, Tian R, Zeng Z, Tang H, Liu Y, Xu Q, Deng M, Jiang Q, Chen G, Liu Y, Li W, Qi P, Jiang Y, Jiang Y, Tang L, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Lan X, Ma J. A major quantitative trait locus for wheat total root length associated with precipitation distribution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:995183. [PMID: 36092437 PMCID: PMC9451531 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.995183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing root system architecture (RSA) allows crops to better capture water and nutrients and adapt to harsh environment. Parental reproductive environment (PRE) has been reported to significantly affect growth and development throughout the life cycle of the next generation. In this study, 10 RSA-related traits were evaluated in seedling stage from five independent hydroponic tests using seeds harvested from five different PREs. Based on the Wheat55K SNP array-based genetic map, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for these traits were detected in a recombinant inbred line population. Twenty-eight putative QTL for RSA-related traits were detected, covering thirteen chromosomal regions. A major QTL, QTrl.sicau-2SY-4D for total root length (TRL), which was likely independent of PREs, explained 15.81-38.48% of phenotypic variations and was located at 14.96-19.59 Mb on chromosome arm 4DS. Interestingly, it showed pleiotropic effects on TRL, root area, root volume, root forks, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight. The functional marker KASP-Rht-D1 for Rht-D1 was used to genotype 2SY population and remapping QTL for TRL showed that QTrl.sicau-2SY-4D was not linked to Rht-D1. The kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) marker, KASP-AX-110527441 linked to this major QTL, was developed and used to successfully validate its effect in three different genetic populations. Further analysis suggested that the positive allele at QTrl.sicau-2SY-4D was mainly utilized in wheat breeding of northwest China where precipitation was significantly lower, indicating that wheat requires longer TRL to capture water and nutrients in arid or semi-arid regions due to deficient precipitation. Additionally, four genes (TraesCS4D03G0059800, TraesCS4D03G0057800, TraesCS4D03G0064000, and TraesCS4D03G0064400) possibly related to root development were predicted in physical interval of QTrl.sicau-2SY-4D. Taken together, these results enrich our understanding on the genetic basis of RSA and provide a potentially valuable TRL QTL for wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiatai Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Tian
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaoyong Zeng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaping Tang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanlin Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Deng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunfeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Liwei Tang
- Panzhihua Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Panzhihua, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiujin Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Band Phosphorus and Sulfur Fertilization as Drivers of Efficient Management of Nitrogen of Maize (Zea mays L.). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131660. [PMID: 35807612 PMCID: PMC9268923 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the efficiency of nitrogen use (NUE) from mineral fertilizers is one of the most important priorities of modern agriculture. The objectives of the present study were to assess the role of different nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) rates on maize grain yield (GY), crop residue biomass, NUE indices, N concentration in plants during the growing season, N management indices and to select the most suitable set of NUE indicators. The following factors were tested: band application of di-ammonium phosphate and ammonium sulphate mixture (NPS fertilizer at rates 0, 8.7, 17.4, 26.2 kg ha−1 of P) and different total N rates (0, 60, 120, 180 kg ha−1 of N). In each year of the study, a clear trend of increased GY after NP(S) band application was observed. A particularly positive influence of that factor was confirmed at the lowest level of N fertilization. On average, the highest GY values were obtained for N2P3 and N3P1 treatments. The total N uptake and NUE indices also increased after the band application. In addition, a trend of improved N remobilization efficiency and the N contribution of remobilized N to grain as a result of band application of NP(S) was observed. Among various NUE indices, internal N utilization efficiency (IE) exhibited the strongest, yet negative, correlation with GY, whereas IE was a function of the N harvest index.
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Sathee L, Jagadhesan B, Pandesha PH, Barman D, Adavi B S, Nagar S, Krishna GK, Tripathi S, Jha SK, Chinnusamy V. Genome Editing Targets for Improving Nutrient Use Efficiency and Nutrient Stress Adaptation. Front Genet 2022; 13:900897. [PMID: 35774509 PMCID: PMC9237392 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.900897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the development of RNA-guided genome editing (CRISPR-Cas9 technology) has revolutionized plant genome editing. Under nutrient deficiency conditions, different transcription factors and regulatory gene networks work together to maintain nutrient homeostasis. Improvement in the use efficiency of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) is essential to ensure sustainable yield with enhanced quality and tolerance to stresses. This review outlines potential targets suitable for genome editing for understanding and improving nutrient use (NtUE) efficiency and nutrient stress tolerance. The different genome editing strategies for employing crucial negative and positive regulators are also described. Negative regulators of nutrient signalling are the potential targets for genome editing, that may improve nutrient uptake and stress signalling under resource-poor conditions. The promoter engineering by CRISPR/dead (d) Cas9 (dCas9) cytosine and adenine base editing and prime editing is a successful strategy to generate precise changes. CRISPR/dCas9 system also offers the added advantage of exploiting transcriptional activators/repressors for overexpression of genes of interest in a targeted manner. CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) are variants of CRISPR in which a dCas9 dependent transcription activation or interference is achieved. dCas9-SunTag system can be employed to engineer targeted gene activation and DNA methylation in plants. The development of nutrient use efficient plants through CRISPR-Cas technology will enhance the pace of genetic improvement for nutrient stress tolerance of crops and improve the sustainability of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmy Sathee
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - B. Jagadhesan
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratheek H. Pandesha
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Dipankar Barman
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Adavi B
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivani Nagar
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - G. K. Krishna
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, KAU, Thrissur, India
| | - Shailesh Tripathi
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailendra K. Jha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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50
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Yan H, Wang Y, Chen B, Wang W, Sun H, Sun H, Li J, Zhao Q. OsCKX2 regulates phosphate deficiency tolerance by modulating cytokinin in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 319:111257. [PMID: 35487665 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenases (CKXs) are key enzymes that degrade cytokinins (CTKs) and play an essential role in plant growth and development. The present study analyzed the phenotypic and physiological characteristics of OsCKX2 overexpressing (OE) and knockout (KO) rice plants after exposure to phosphate (Pi) deficiency and the transcriptome and metabolome to investigate the function of OsCKX2 in response to Pi deficiency. OsCKX2 KO plants demonstrated higher endogenous CTK levels than wild-type (WT) under Pi deficiency. Further analysis indicated more robust tolerance of OsCKX2 KO plants to Pi deficiency, which exhibited higher phosphorus concentration, larger shoot biomass, and lesser leaf yellowing under Pi deficiency; whereas the opposite was observed for OsCKX2 OE plants. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that overexpression of OsCKX2 downregulated the transcriptional levels of genes related to Pi transporters, membrane lipid metabolism, and glycolysis, and reduced the consumption of metabolites in membrane lipid metabolism and glycolysis. On the contrary, knockout of OsCKX2 upregulated the expression of Pi transporters, and increased the consumption of metabolites in membrane lipid metabolism and glycolysis. These results indicated that OsCKX2 impacted Pi uptake, recycling, and plant growth via Pi transporters, phospholipid hydrolysis, and glycolysis under Pi deficiency. Overall, OsCKX2 negatively regulated Pi deficiency tolerance by modulating CTKs in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yale Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongzheng Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Huwei Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Junzhou Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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