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Chen Y, Orlov YL, Chen M. Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism of the Intermediate Secondary Growth and Internode Elongation of the Castor Bean ( Ricinus communis L.) by the Combined Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1053. [PMID: 38256130 PMCID: PMC10816189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The length of internodes plays a crucial role in determining the height of the castor plant (Ricinus communis L.). However, the specific mechanisms underlying internode elongation, particularly in the main stem of the castor plant, remain uncertain. To further investigate this, we conducted a study focusing on the internode tissue of the dwarf castor variety 071113, comparing it with the control high-stalk Zhuansihao. Our study included a cytological observation, physiological measurement, transcriptome sequencing, and metabolic determination. Our integrated findings reveal that the dwarf variety 071113 undergoes an earlier lignification development in the main stem and has a more active lignin synthesis pathway during internode intermediate development. In addition, the dwarf variety exhibited lower levels of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which had an impact on the development process. Furthermore, we identified specific enzymes and regulators that were enriched in the pathways of the cell cycle, auxin signal transduction, and secondary cell wall synthesis. Using these findings, we developed a model that explained the intermediate secondary growth observed in castor internode elongation and enhanced our comprehension of the dwarfing mechanism of the 071113 variety. This research provides a theoretical groundwork for the future breeding of dwarf castor varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Yuriy L. Orlov
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
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2
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Montesinos Á, Rubio-Cabetas MJ, Grimplet J. Characterization of Almond Scion/Rootstock Communication in Cultivar and Rootstock Tissues through an RNA-Seq Approach. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4166. [PMID: 38140493 PMCID: PMC10747828 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The rootstock genotype plays a crucial role in determining various aspects of scion development, including the scion three-dimensional structure, or tree architecture. Consequently, rootstock choice is a pivotal factor in the establishment of new almond (Prunus amygdalus (L.) Batsch, syn P. dulcis (Mill.)) intensive planting systems, demanding cultivars that can adapt to distinct requirements of vigor and shape. Nevertheless, considering the capacity of the rootstock genotype to influence scion development, it is likely that the scion genotype reciprocally affects rootstock performance. In the context of this study, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of the scion/rootstock interaction in young almond trees, with a specific focus on elucidating the scion impact on the rootstock molecular response. Two commercial almond cultivars were grafted onto two hybrid rootstocks, thereby generating four distinct combinations. Through RNA-Seq analysis, we discerned that indeed, the scion genotype exerts an influence on the rootstock expression profile. This influence manifests through the modulation of genes associated with hormonal regulation, cell division, root development, and light signaling. This intricate interplay between scion and rootstock communication plays a pivotal role in the development of both scion and rootstock, underscoring the critical importance of a correct choice when establishing new almond orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Montesinos
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid—Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (UPM-INIA/CSIC), 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Departamento de Ciencia Vegetal, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Calle Miguel Servet 4 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María José Rubio-Cabetas
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Departamento de Ciencia Vegetal, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Calle Miguel Servet 4 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jérôme Grimplet
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Departamento de Ciencia Vegetal, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Calle Miguel Servet 4 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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3
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Liu Y, Yang Y, Wang R, Liu M, Ji X, He Y, Zhao B, Li W, Mo X, Zhang X, Gu Z, Pan B, Liu Y, Tadege M, Chen J, He L. Control of compound leaf patterning by MULTI-PINNATE LEAF1 (MPL1) in chickpea. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8088. [PMID: 38062032 PMCID: PMC10703836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant lateral organs are often elaborated through repetitive formation of developmental units, which progress robustly in predetermined patterns along their axes. Leaflets in compound leaves provide an example of such units that are generated sequentially along the longitudinal axis, in species-specific patterns. In this context, we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying an acropetal mode of leaflet initiation in chickpea pinnate compound leaf patterning. By analyzing naturally occurring mutants multi-pinnate leaf1 (mpl1) that develop higher-ordered pinnate leaves with more than forty leaflets, we show that MPL1 encoding a C2H2-zinc finger protein sculpts a morphogenetic gradient along the proximodistal axis of the early leaf primordium, thereby conferring the acropetal leaflet formation. This is achieved by defining the spatiotemporal expression pattern of CaLEAFY, a key regulator of leaflet initiation, and also perhaps by modulating the auxin signaling pathway. Our work provides novel molecular insights into the sequential progression of leaflet formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Yuanfan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Ruoruo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingli Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaomin Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yexin He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Baolin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Wenju Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyu Mo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Zhijia Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Million Tadege
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA.
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.
| | - Liangliang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Nagdalian AA, Blinov AV, Siddiqui SA, Gvozdenko AA, Golik AB, Maglakelidze DG, Rzhepakovsky IV, Kukharuk MY, Piskov SI, Rebezov MB, Shah MA. Effect of selenium nanoparticles on biological and morphofunctional parameters of barley seeds (Hordéum vulgáre L.). Sci Rep 2023; 13:6453. [PMID: 37081125 PMCID: PMC10119286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to study the effect of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) on the biological and morphofunctional parameters of barley seeds (Hordéum vulgáre L.) We used seeds of Hordéum vulgáre L. with reduced morphofunctional characteristics. For the experiment, Se NPs were synthesized and stabilized with didecyldimethylammonium chloride. It was found that Se NPs have a spherical shape and a diameter of about 50 nm. According to dynamic light scattering data, the average hydrodynamic radius of the particles was 28 ± 8 nm. It is observed that the nanoparticles have a positive ζ-potential (+ 27.3 mV). For the experiment, we treated Hordéum vulgáre L. seeds with Se NPs (1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L). The experiment showed that treatment of Hordéum vulgáre L. seeds with Se NPs has the best effect on the length of roots and sprout at concentration of 5 mg/L and on the number and thickness of roots at 10 mg/L. Germinability and germination energy of Hordéum vulgáre L. seeds were higher in group treated with 5 mg/L Se NPs. Analysis of macrophotographs of samples, histological sections of roots and 3D visualization of seeds by microcomputing tomography confirmed the best effect at 5 mg/L Se NPs. Moreover, no local destructions were detected at concentrations > 5 mg/L, which is most likely due to the inhibition of regulatory and catalytic processes in the germinating seeds. the treatment of Hordéum vulgáre L. seeds with > 5 mg/L Se NPs caused significant stress, coupled with intensive formation of reactive oxygen species, leading to a reorientation of root system growth towards thickening. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that Se NPs at concentrations > 5 mg/L had a toxic effect. The treatment of barley seeds with 5% Se NPs showed maximum efficiency in the experiment, which allows us to further consider Se NPs as a stimulator for the growth and development of crop seeds under stress and reduced morphofunctional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Essigberg 3, 94315, Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.v.), Prof.-Von-Klitzing-Straße 7, 49610, Quakenbrück, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maksim Borisovich Rebezov
- Department of Scientific Research, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mohd Asif Shah
- Department of Economics, Kabridahar University, Kabridahar, Post Box 250, Somali, Ethiopia.
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
- School of Business, Woxsen University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502345, India.
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5
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Yang Y, Wang J, Xu Y, Abbas F, Xu D, Tao S, Xie X, Song F, Huang Q, Sharma A, Zheng L, Yan D, Wang X, Zheng B, Yuan H, Wu R, He Y. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of AUX/LAX family genes in Chinese hickory ( Carya cathayensis Sarg.) Under various abiotic stresses and grafting. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1060965. [PMID: 36684757 PMCID: PMC9849883 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1060965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is essential for regulating plant growth and development as well as the response of plants to abiotic stresses. AUX/LAX proteins are auxin influx transporters belonging to the amino acid permease family of proton-driven transporters, and are involved in the transport of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). However, how AUX/LAX genes respond to abiotic stresses in Chinese hickory is less studied. For the first time identification, structural characteristics as well as gene expression analysis of the AUX/LAX gene family in Chinese hickory were conducted by using techniques of gene cloning and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Eight CcAUX/LAXs were identified in Chinese hickory, all of which had the conserved structural characteristics of AUX/LAXs. CcAUX/LAXs were most closely related to their homologous proteins in Populus trichocarpa , which was in consistence with their common taxonomic character of woody trees. CcAUX/LAXs exhibited different expression profiles in different tissues, indicating their varying roles during growth and development. A number of light-, hormone-, and abiotic stress responsive cis-acting regulatory elements were detected on the promoters of CcAUX/LAX genes. CcAUX/LAX genes responded differently to drought and salt stress treatments to varying degrees. Furthermore, CcAUX/LAX genes exhibited complex expression changes during Chinese hickory grafting. These findings not only provide a valuable resource for further functional validation of CcAUX/LAXs, but also contribute to a better understanding of their potential regulatory functions during grafting and abiotic stress treatments in Chinese hickory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Farhat Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongbin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenchen Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luqing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daoliang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Statistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
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Omary M, Matosevich R, Efroni I. Systemic control of plant regeneration and wound repair. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:408-413. [PMID: 36101501 PMCID: PMC10092612 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants have a broad capacity to regenerate damaged organs. The study of wounding in multiple developmental systems has uncovered many of the molecular properties underlying plants' competence for regeneration at the local cellular level. However, in nature, wounding is rarely localized to one place, and plants need to coordinate regeneration responses at multiple tissues with environmental conditions and their physiological state. Here, we review the evidence for systemic signals that regulate regeneration on a plant-wide level. We focus on the role of auxin and sugars as short- and long-range signals in natural wounding contexts and discuss the varied origin of these signals in different regeneration scenarios. Together, this evidence calls for a broader, system-wide view of plant regeneration competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutasem Omary
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Faculty of AgricultureThe Hebrew UniversityRehovot761000Israel
| | - Rotem Matosevich
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Faculty of AgricultureThe Hebrew UniversityRehovot761000Israel
| | - Idan Efroni
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Faculty of AgricultureThe Hebrew UniversityRehovot761000Israel
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7
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Soliman S, Wang Y, Han Z, Pervaiz T, El-kereamy A. Strigolactones in Plants and Their Interaction with the Ecological Microbiome in Response to Abiotic Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3499. [PMID: 36559612 PMCID: PMC9781102 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones play an essential role in enhancing plant tolerance by responding to abiotic stresses, such as nutrient deficiency, drought, high temperature, and light stress. Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid derivatives that occur naturally in plants and are defined as novel phytohormones that regulate plant metabolism, growth, and development. Strigolactone assists plants in the acquisition of defensive characteristics against drought stress by initiating physiological responses and mediating the interaction with soil microorganisms. Nutrient deficiency is an important abiotic stress factor, hence, plants perform many strategies to survive against nutrient deficiency, such as enhancing the efficiency of nutrient uptake and forming beneficial relationships with microorganisms. Strigolactone attracts various microorganisms and provides the roots with essential elements, including nitrogen and phosphorus. Among these advantageous microorganisms are arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), which regulate plant metabolic activities through phosphorus providing in roots. Bacterial nodulations are also nitrogen-fixing microorganisms found in plant roots. This symbiotic relationship is maintained as the plant provides organic molecules, produced in the leaves, that the bacteria could otherwise not independently generate. Related stresses, such as light stress and high-temperature stress, could be affected directly or indirectly by strigolactone. However, the messengers of these processes are unknown. The most prominent connector messengers have been identified upon the discovery of SLs and the understanding of their hormonal effect. In addition to attracting microorganisms, these groups of phytohormones affect photosynthesis, bridge other phytohormones, induce metabolic compounds. In this article, we highlighted the brief information available on SLs as a phytohormone group regarding their common related effects. In addition, we reviewed the status and described the application of SLs and plant response to abiotic stresses. This allowed us to comprehend plants' communication with the ecological microbiome as well as the strategies plants use to survive under various stresses. Furthermore, we identify and classify the SLs that play a role in stress resistance since many ecological microbiomes are unexplained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabry Soliman
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tariq Pervaiz
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Ashraf El-kereamy
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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8
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Morales-Orellana RJ, Winkelmann T, Bettin A, Rath T. Stimulation of adventitious root formation by laser wounding in rose cuttings: A matter of energy and pattern. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1009085. [PMID: 36247617 PMCID: PMC9557736 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1009085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation is the basis of vegetative propagation in rose, be it via stem cuttings or via stenting. During this process, wounding plays a pivotal role since cell reprogramming takes place at the tissue adjacent to the wound. We investigated the effects of wounding on AR formation on leafy single-node stem cuttings of the rose rootstock R. canina 'Pfänder' (codes R02-3 and R02-6) and the cut rose cultivar Rosa 'Tan09283' (Registration name 'Beluga'). Laser wounding treatments were based on the assisted removal of tissue layers located in the bark. The positioning of wounding was studied based on two marking directions: along the cutting base (strip pattern) and around the cutting base (ring pattern). Additionally, the effects of external supply of indole-butyric acid (IBA 1 mg L-1) on rooting were analyzed. Results showed that in order to remove specific tissue layers, the calculation of the laser energy density (J cm-2) in terms of cutting diameter was necessary. Interestingly, the application of energy densities from 2.5 J cm-2 up to approximately 8.5 J cm-2 were sufficient to expose the tissue layers of epidermis up to regions of phloem. Regarding AR formation for R. canina 'Pfänder', characterized by a low rooting response, an increase in the rooting percentage was registered when the laser treatment eliminated the tissue up to phloem proximities. Analysis of the nodal position showed that bud location was a preferential place for AR formation independently of wounding treatment. In case of Rosa 'Tan09283', laser treatments did not reduce its high rooting capacity, but an apparent reduction in rooting quality due to an investment in tissue healing was observed when wounding reached deeper layers such as parenchyma and sclerenchyma. Results also showed a strong AR formation directly from wounded regions in case of Rosa 'Tan09283' specifically when the wound was located below the axillary bud. In conclusion, wounding by assisted-elimination of layers by laser can induce positive effects on AR formation of single-node stem cuttings of the rose if energy applied is able to expose phloem proximities, a longitudinal orientation, and relative position to the axillary bud are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Javier Morales-Orellana
- Hochschule Osnabrück - University of Applied Sciences, Biosystem Engineering Laboratory (BLab), Osnabrück, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Section Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Traud Winkelmann
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Section Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Bettin
- Hochschule Osnabrück - University of Applied Sciences, Biosystem Engineering Laboratory (BLab), Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Thomas Rath
- Hochschule Osnabrück - University of Applied Sciences, Biosystem Engineering Laboratory (BLab), Osnabrück, Germany
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Yang Y, Mei J, Chen J, Yang Y, Gu Y, Tang X, Lu H, Yang K, Sharma A, Wang X, Yan D, Wu R, Zheng B, Yuan H. Expression analysis of PIN family genes in Chinese hickory reveals their potential roles during grafting and salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:999990. [PMID: 36247577 PMCID: PMC9557188 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.999990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is an effective way to improve Chinese hickory while salt stress has caused great damage to the Chinese hickory industry. Grafting and salt stress have been regarded as the main abiotic stress types for Chinese hickory. However, how Chinese hickory responds to grafting and salt stress is less studied. Auxin has been proved to play an essential role in the stress response through its re-distribution regulation mediated by polar auxin transporters, including PIN-formed (PIN) proteins. In this study, the PIN gene family in Chinese hickory (CcPINs) was identified and structurally characterized for the first time. The expression profiles of the genes in response to grafting and salt stress were determined. A total of 11 CcPINs with the open reading frames (ORFs) of 1,026-1,983 bp were identified. Transient transformation in tobacco leaves demonstrated that CcPIN1a, CcPIN3, and CcPIN4 were localized in the plasma membrane. There were varying phylogenetic relationships between CcPINs and homologous genes in different species, but the closest relationships were with those in Carya illinoinensis and Juglans regia. Conserved N- and C-terminal transmembrane regions as well as sites controlling the functions of CcPINs were detected in CcPINs. Five types of cis-acting elements, including hormone- and stress-responsive elements, were detected on the promoters of CcPINs. CcPINs exhibited different expression profiles in different tissues, indicating their varied roles during growth and development. The 11 CcPINs responded differently to grafting and salt stress treatment. CcPIN1a might be involved in the regulation of the grafting process, while CcPIN1a and CcPIN8a were related to the regulation of salt stress in Chinese hickory. Our results will lay the foundation for understanding the potential regulatory functions of CcPIN genes during grafting and under salt stress treatment in Chinese hickory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangbiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daoliang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Hajný J, Tan S, Friml J. Auxin canalization: From speculative models toward molecular players. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 65:102174. [PMID: 35123880 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Among the most fascinated properties of the plant hormone auxin is its ability to promote formation of its own directional transport routes. These gradually narrowing auxin channels form from the auxin source toward the sink and involve coordinated, collective polarization of individual cells. Once established, the channels provide positional information, along which new vascular strands form, for example, during organogenesis, regeneration, or leave venation. The main prerequisite of this still mysterious auxin canalization mechanism is a feedback between auxin signaling and its directional transport. This is manifested by auxin-induced re-arrangements of polar, subcellular localization of PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin exporters. Immanent open questions relate to how position of auxin source and sink as well as tissue context are sensed and translated into tissue polarization and how cells communicate to polarize coordinately. Recently, identification of the first molecular players opens new avenues into molecular studies of this intriguing example of self-organizing plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Hajný
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Shutang Tan
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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Knockout of Auxin Response Factor SlARF4 Improves Tomato Resistance to Water Deficit. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073347. [PMID: 33805879 PMCID: PMC8037468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin response factors (ARFs) play important roles in various plant physiological processes; however, knowledge of the exact role of ARFs in plant responses to water deficit is limited. In this study, SlARF4, a member of the ARF family, was functionally characterized under water deficit. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining showed that water deficit and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment reduced the expression of SlARF4. SlARF4 was expressed in the vascular bundles and guard cells of tomato stomata. Loss of function of SlARF4 (arf4) by using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas 9 (CRISPR/Cas 9) technology enhanced plant resistance to water stress and rehydration ability. The arf4 mutant plants exhibited curly leaves and a thick stem. Malondialdehyde content was significantly lower in arf4 mutants than in wildtype plants under water stress; furthermore, arf4 mutants showed higher content of antioxidant substances, superoxide dismutase, actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), and catalase activities. Stomatal and vascular bundle morphology was changed in arf4 mutants. We identified 628 differentially expressed genes specifically expressed under water deficit in arf4 mutants; six of these genes, including ABA signaling pathway-related genes, were differentially expressed between the wildtype and arf4 mutants under water deficit and unlimited water supply. Auxin responsive element (AuxRE) elements were found in these genes' promoters indicating that SlARF4 participates in ABA signaling pathways by regulating the expression of SlABI5/ABF and SCL3, thereby influencing stomatal morphology and vascular bundle development and ultimately improving plant resistance to water deficit.
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12
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Souza LA, Tavares R. Nitrogen and Stem Development: A Puzzle Still to Be Solved. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:630587. [PMID: 33659017 PMCID: PMC7917133 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.630587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
High crop yields are generally associated with high nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates. A growing tendency that is urgently demanding the adoption of precision technologies that manage N more efficiently, combined with the advances of crop genetics to meet the needs of sustainable farm systems. Among the plant traits, stem architecture has been of paramount importance to enhance harvest index in the cereal crops. Nonetheless, the reduced stature also brought undesirable effect, such as poor N-uptake, which has led to the overuse of N fertilizer. Therefore, a better understanding of how N signals modulate the initial and late stages of stem development might uncover novel semi-dwarf alleles without pleiotropic effects. Our attempt here is to review the most recent advances on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Anjos Souza
- Innovation Centre in Bioenergy and Grains, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rafael Tavares
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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13
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Duman Z, Hadas-Brandwein G, Eliyahu A, Belausov E, Abu-Abied M, Yeselson Y, Faigenboim A, Lichter A, Irihimovitch V, Sadot E. Short De-Etiolation Increases the Rooting of VC801 Avocado Rootstock. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1481. [PMID: 33153170 PMCID: PMC7693756 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dark-grown (etiolated) branches of many recalcitrant plant species root better than their green counterparts. Here it was hypothesized that changes in cell-wall properties and hormones occurring during etiolation contribute to rooting efficiency. Measurements of chlorophyll, carbohydrate and auxin contents, as well as tissue compression, histological analysis and gene-expression profiles were determined in etiolated and de-etiolated branches of the avocado rootstock VC801. Differences in chlorophyll content and tissue rigidity, and changes in xyloglucan and pectin in cambium and parenchyma cells were found. Interestingly, lignin and sugar contents were similar, suggesting that de-etiolated branches resemble the etiolated ones in this respect. Surprisingly, the branches that underwent short de-etiolation rooted better than the etiolated ones, and only a slight difference in IAA content between the two was observed. Gene-expression profiles revealed an increase in ethylene-responsive transcripts in the etiolated branches, which correlated with enrichment in xyloglucan hydrolases. In contrast, transcripts encoding pectin methylesterase and pectolyases were enriched in the de-etiolated branches. Taken together, it seems that the short de-etiolation period led to fine tuning of the conditions favoring adventitious root formation in terms of auxin-ethylene balance and cell-wall properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Duman
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel; (Z.D.); (G.H.-B.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (M.A.-A.); (Y.Y.); (A.F.); (V.I.)
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gal Hadas-Brandwein
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel; (Z.D.); (G.H.-B.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (M.A.-A.); (Y.Y.); (A.F.); (V.I.)
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Avi Eliyahu
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel; (Z.D.); (G.H.-B.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (M.A.-A.); (Y.Y.); (A.F.); (V.I.)
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel; (Z.D.); (G.H.-B.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (M.A.-A.); (Y.Y.); (A.F.); (V.I.)
| | - Mohamad Abu-Abied
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel; (Z.D.); (G.H.-B.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (M.A.-A.); (Y.Y.); (A.F.); (V.I.)
| | - Yelena Yeselson
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel; (Z.D.); (G.H.-B.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (M.A.-A.); (Y.Y.); (A.F.); (V.I.)
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel; (Z.D.); (G.H.-B.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (M.A.-A.); (Y.Y.); (A.F.); (V.I.)
| | - Amnon Lichter
- The Institute of Post Harvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel;
| | - Vered Irihimovitch
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel; (Z.D.); (G.H.-B.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (M.A.-A.); (Y.Y.); (A.F.); (V.I.)
| | - Einat Sadot
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel; (Z.D.); (G.H.-B.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (M.A.-A.); (Y.Y.); (A.F.); (V.I.)
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14
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Wulf KE, Reid JB, Foo E. What drives interspecies graft union success? Exploring the role of phylogenetic relatedness and stem anatomy. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 170:132-147. [PMID: 32385889 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms that determine whether two species can form a successful graft union (graft compatibility) remain obscure. Two prominent hypotheses are (1) the more closely related species are, the higher the graft success and (2) the vascular anatomy at the graft junction influences graft success. In this paper these two hypotheses are examined in a systematic way using graft combinations selected from a range of (a) phylogenetically close and more distant legume species, (b) species displaying different germination patterns and (c) scions and rootstocks possessing contrasting stem tissues and vascular patterns. Relatedness of species was not a good predictor of graft compatibility, as vascular reconnection can occur between distantly related species and can fail to occur in some more closely related species. Similarly, neither the stem tissues present at the graft junction nor the vascular anatomy correlated with the success of vascular reconnection. Relatedness and stem anatomy therefore do not appear to be the determining factors in successful vascular reconnection after grafting in legumes. These results are discussed in conjunction with other hypotheses such as the role of auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Wulf
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - James B Reid
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Eloise Foo
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
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