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Mao LM, Thallapureddy K, Wang JQ. Effects of propofol on presynaptic synapsin phosphorylation in the mouse brain in vivo. Brain Res 2024; 1823:148671. [PMID: 37952872 PMCID: PMC10806815 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The commonly used general anesthetic propofol can enhance the γ-aminobutyric acid-mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission and depress the glutamatergic excitatory synaptic transmission to achieve general anesthesia and other outcomes. In addition to the actions at postsynaptic sites, the modulation of presynaptic activity by propofol is thought to contribute to neurophysiological effects of the anesthetic, although potential targets of propofol within presynaptic nerve terminals are incompletely studied at present. In this study, we explored the possible linkage of propofol to synapsins, a family of neuron-specific phosphoproteins which are the most abundant proteins on presynaptic vesicles, in the adult mouse brain in vivo. We found that an intraperitoneal injection of propofol at a dose that caused loss of righting reflex increased basal levels of synapsin phosphorylation at the major representative phosphorylation sites (serine 9, serine 62/67, and serine 603) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of male and female mice. Propofol also elevated synapsin phosphorylation at these sites in the striatum and S9 and S62/67 phosphorylation in the hippocampus, while propofol had no effect on tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation in striatal nerve terminals. Total synapsin protein expression in the PFC, hippocampus, and striatum was not altered by propofol. These results reveal that synapsin could be a novel substrate of propofol in the presynaptic neurotransmitter release machinery. Propofol possesses the ability to upregulate synapsin phosphorylation in broad mouse brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Mao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Khyathi Thallapureddy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - John Q Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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Liu P, Zhao S, Qiao H, Li T, Mi W, Xu Z, Xue X. Does propofol definitely improve postoperative cognitive dysfunction?-a review of propofol-related cognitive impairment. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:875-881. [PMID: 35713318 PMCID: PMC9828335 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common brain function-related complication after surgery. In addition to old age being an independent risk factor, anesthetics are also important predisposing factors. Among them, propofol is the most commonly used intravenous anesthetic in clinical practice. It has a rapid onset, short half-life, and high recovery quality. Many studies report that propofol can attenuate surgery-induced cognitive impairment, however, some other studies reveal that propofol also induces cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, this review summarizes the effects of propofol on the cognition, and discusses possible related mechanisms, which aims to provide some evidence for the follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Department of AnesthesiologyBeijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100038China,Anesthesia and Operation Centerthe First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100853China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department of CardiologyFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100037China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Department of AnesthesiologyBeijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100038China
| | - Tianzuo Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyBeijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100038China
| | - Weidong Mi
- Anesthesia and Operation Centerthe First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100853China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-13381082966; E-mail: (W.M.) / Tel: +86-15210319808; E-mail: (Z.X.) /Tel: +86-15210903118; E-mail: (X.X.) @
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Anesthesia and Operation Centerthe First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100853China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-13381082966; E-mail: (W.M.) / Tel: +86-15210319808; E-mail: (Z.X.) /Tel: +86-15210903118; E-mail: (X.X.) @
| | - Xinying Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical CareBeijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100038China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-13381082966; E-mail: (W.M.) / Tel: +86-15210319808; E-mail: (Z.X.) /Tel: +86-15210903118; E-mail: (X.X.) @
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Farzaei M, Zobeiri M, Kamari T, Rezaei M. The randomized clinical trial of safety and efficacy of oral tramadol in patients undergoing colonoscopy. JOURNAL OF REPORTS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Nunes PT, Kipp BT, Reitz NL, Savage LM. Aging with alcohol-related brain damage: Critical brain circuits associated with cognitive dysfunction. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 148:101-168. [PMID: 31733663 PMCID: PMC7372724 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholism is associated with brain damage and impaired cognitive functioning. The relative contributions of different etiological factors, such as alcohol, thiamine deficiency and age vulnerability, to the development of alcohol-related neuropathology and cognitive impairment are still poorly understood. One reason for this quandary is that both alcohol toxicity and thiamine deficiency produce brain damage and cognitive problems that can be modulated by age at exposure, aging following alcohol toxicity or thiamine deficiency, and aging during chronic alcohol exposure. Pre-clinical models of alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD) have elucidated some of the contributions of ethanol toxicity and thiamine deficiency to neuroinflammation, neuronal loss and functional deficits. However, the critical variable of age at the time of exposure or long-term aging with ARBD has been relatively ignored. Acute thiamine deficiency created a massive increase in neuroimmune genes and proteins within the thalamus and significant increases within the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Chronic ethanol treatment throughout adulthood produced very minor fluctuations in neuroimmune genes, regardless of brain region. Intermittent "binge-type" ethanol during the adolescent period established an intermediate neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, that can persist into adulthood. Chronic excessive drinking throughout adulthood, adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure, and thiamine deficiency all led to a loss of the cholinergic neuronal phenotype within the basal forebrain, reduced hippocampal neurogenesis, and alterations in the frontal cortex. Only thiamine deficiency results in gross pathological lesions of the thalamus. The behavioral impairment following these types of treatments is hierarchical: Thiamine deficiency produces the greatest impairment of hippocampal- and prefrontal-dependent behaviors, chronic ethanol drinking ensues mild impairments on both types of tasks and adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure leads to impairments on frontocortical tasks, with sparing on most hippocampal-dependent tasks. However, our preliminary data suggest that as rodents age following adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure, hippocampal functional deficits began to emerge. A necessary requirement for the advancement of understanding the neural consequences of alcoholism is a more comprehensive assessment and understanding of how excessive alcohol drinking at different development periods (adolescence, early adulthood, middle-aged and aged) influences the trajectory of the aging process, including pathological aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polliana Toledo Nunes
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Brian T Kipp
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Nicole L Reitz
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Lisa M Savage
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States.
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Shi Y, Xiao D, Dai L, Si Y, Fang Q, Wei X. The hypnotic effect of propofol involves inhibition of GABAergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. Neuroreport 2019; 30:927-932. [PMID: 31469720 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Propofol is widely used for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia, which causes a rapid loss of consciousness. So far the mechanisms underlying the effect of propofol are still largely unknown. Here, we found that microinjection of propofol in the lateral hypothalamus caused a significant decrease in wakefulness and an increase in the amount of non-rapid eye movement sleep and rapid eye movement sleep. Application of propofol in the lateral hypothalamus affected the electroencephalogram power spectra with a decrease in theta oscillations and an increase in the delta oscillations. Additionally, using whole-cell patch clamp recording, we found propofol inhibited the excitability of the GABAergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, which plays a critical role in controlling wakefulness. Altogether, these findings indicate that propofol targets lateral hypothalamus and generates a hypnotic state, which might involve the inhibition of GABAergic neurons. These results provide a novel mechanism to explain propofol-elicited anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of WenLing, Wenling, Zhejiang
| | - Deshuang Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of WenLing, Wenling, Zhejiang
| | - Lingbo Dai
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of WenLing, Wenling, Zhejiang
| | - Yongyu Si
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qian Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of WenLing, Wenling, Zhejiang
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of WenLing, Wenling, Zhejiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Propofol Attenuates Small Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury through Inhibiting NADPH Oxidase Mediated Mast Cell Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:167014. [PMID: 26246867 PMCID: PMC4515292 DOI: 10.1155/2015/167014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Both oxidative stress and mast cell (MC) degranulation participate in the process of small intestinal ischemia reperfusion (IIR) injury, and oxidative stress induces MC degranulation. Propofol, an anesthetic with antioxidant property, can attenuate IIR injury. We postulated that propofol can protect against IIR injury by inhibiting oxidative stress subsequent from NADPH oxidase mediated MC activation. Cultured RBL-2H3 cells were pretreated with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or propofol and subjected to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulation without or with MC degranulator compound 48/80 (CP). H2O2 significantly increased cells degranulation, which was abolished by NAC or propofol. MC degranulation by CP further aggravated H2O2 induced cell degranulation of small intestinal epithelial cell, IEC-6 cells, stimulated by tryptase. Rats subjected to IIR showed significant increases in cellular injury and elevations of NADPH oxidase subunits p47(phox) and gp91(phox) protein expression, increases of the specific lipid peroxidation product 15-F2t-Isoprostane and interleukin-6, and reductions in superoxide dismutase activity with concomitant enhancements in tryptase and β-hexosaminidase. MC degranulation by CP further aggravated IIR injury. And all these changes were attenuated by NAC or propofol pretreatment, which also abrogated CP-mediated exacerbation of IIR injury. It is concluded that pretreatment of propofol confers protection against IIR injury by suppressing NADPH oxidase mediated MC activation.
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Luo C, Yuan D, Li X, Yao W, Luo G, Chi X, Li H, Irwin MG, Xia Z, Hei Z. Propofol attenuated acute kidney injury after orthotopic liver transplantation via inhibiting gap junction composed of connexin 32. Anesthesiology 2015; 122:72-86. [PMID: 25254904 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postliver transplantation acute kidney injury (AKI) severely affects patient survival, whereas the mechanism is unclear and effective therapy is lacking. The authors postulated that reperfusion induced enhancement of connexin32 (Cx32) gap junction plays a critical role in mediating postliver transplantation AKI and that pretreatment/precondition with the anesthetic propofol, known to inhibit gap junction, can confer effective protection. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent autologous orthotopic liver transplantation (AOLT) in the absence or presence of treatments with the selective Cx32 inhibitor, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate or propofol (50 mg/kg) (n = 8 per group). Also, kidney tubular epithelial (NRK-52E) cells were subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation and the function of Cx32 was manipulated by three distinct mechanisms: cell culture in different density; pretreatment with Cx32 inhibitors or enhancer; Cx32 gene knock-down (n = 4 to 5). RESULTS AOLT resulted in significant increases of renal Cx32 protein expression and gap junction, which were coincident with increases in oxidative stress and impairment in renal function and tissue injury as compared to sham group. Similarly, hypoxia-reoxygenation resulted in significant cellular injury manifested as reduced cell growth and increased lactate dehydrogenase release, which was significantly attenuated by Cx32 gene knock-down but exacerbated by Cx32 enhancement. Propofol inhibited Cx32 function and attenuated post-AOLT AKI. In NRK-52E cells, propofol reduced posthypoxic reactive oxygen species production and attenuated cellular injury, and the cellular protective effects of propofol were reinforced by Cx32 inhibition but cancelled by Cx32 enhancement. CONCLUSION Cx32 plays a critical role in AOLT-induced AKI and that inhibition of Cx32 function may represent a new and major mechanism whereby propofol reduces oxidative stress and subsequently attenuates post-AOLT AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfang Luo
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (C.L., D.Y., X.L., W.Y., G.L., X.C., Z.H.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China (H.L., M.G.I., Z.X.)
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Costa FLPD, Monteiro LDS, Binda NS, Gomez MV, Gomez RS. Effect of Propofol on the Release of [3H] Acetylcholine from Rat Hippocampal Synaptosomes. INT J PHARMACOL 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.494.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Noori HR, Fliegel S, Brand I, Spanagel R. The impact of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on the extracellular acetylcholine concentrations in the adult rat brain: A meta-analysis. Synapse 2012; 66:893-901. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Surrogate based accurate quantification of endogenous acetylcholine in murine brain by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3927-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Müller CP, Pum ME, Amato D, Schüttler J, Huston JP, De Souza Silva MA. The in vivo neurochemistry of the brain during general anesthesia. J Neurochem 2011; 119:419-46. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Effect of propofol on the levels of neurotransmitters in normal human brain: A magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Neurosci Lett 2009; 467:247-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Liu KX, Chen SQ, Huang WQ, Li YS, Irwin MG, Xia Z. Propofol pretreatment reduces ceramide production and attenuates intestinal mucosal apoptosis induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Anesth Analg 2008; 107:1884-91. [PMID: 19020134 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181884bbf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis has been shown to be a major mode of intestinal epithelial cell death caused by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (II/R), a condition that is associated with increased oxidative stress. Ceramide has been proposed as a messenger of apoptosis. We investigated if pretreatment with propofol, an anesthetic with antioxidant properties, could reduce ceramide production, and consequently, mucosal epithelial apoptosis induced by II/R in rats. METHODS Rat II/R injury was produced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 1 h followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Thirty rats were randomly allocated into control, injury (II/R) and propofol (pretreatment) groups (n = 10 per group). In the propofol group, propofol 50 mg/kg, a dose that has been shown to cause the loss of reflex responses to a painful stimulus while remaining sensitive to skin incision in rats, was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before inducing intestinal ischemia, while animals in control and untreated injury groups received an equal volume of intralipid. Intestinal mucosal epithelial apoptosis was detected via electron microscopy and TUNEL analysis. Lipid oxidation product malondialdehyde and the activities of superoxide dismutase were assessed by colorimetric analyses. Ceramide generation and sphingomyelinase mRNA expression in intestinal mucosa were determined by high performance thin layer chromatography and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS II/R caused intestinal mucosal epithelial apoptosis and over-production of ceramide accompanied by up-regulation of sphingomyelinase mRNA expression and increases in lipid oxidation (all P < 0.01 versus control). Propofol pretreatment significantly attenuated these changes (all P < 0.01, propofol versus injury). CONCLUSION The findings indicate that propofol pretreatment attenuates II/R-induced intestinal epithelial apoptosis, which might be attributable to its antioxidant property modulating the ceramide pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhongshan 2th Rd., Guangzhou, China, 510080.
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Liu KX, Rinne T, He W, Wang F, Xia Z. Propofol attenuates intestinal mucosa injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in the rat. Can J Anaesth 2007; 54:366-74. [PMID: 17470888 DOI: 10.1007/bf03022659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether propofol at a sedative dose can prevent intestinal mucosa ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and if propofol can attenuate oxidative stress and increases in nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) release that may occur during intestinal I/R injury. METHODS Rats were randomly allocated into one of five groups (n=10 each): (i) sham control; (ii) injury (one hour superior mesenteric artery occlusion followed by three hours reperfusion); (iii) propofol pre-treatment, with propofol given 30 min before inducing intestinal ischemia; (iv) simultaneous propofol treatment, with propofol given 30 min before intestinal reperfusion was started; (v) propofol post-treatment, with propofol given 30 min after intestinal reperfusion was initiated. In the treatment groups, propofol 50 mg x kg(-1) was administrated intraperitoneally. Animals in the control and untreated injury groups received equal volumes of intralipid (the vehicle solution of propofol) intraperitoneally. Intestinal mucosa histology was analyzed by Chiu's scoring assessment. Levels of lactic acid (LD), NO, ET-1, lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in intestinal mucosa were determined. RESULTS Histological results showed severe damage in the intestinal mucosa of the injury group accompanied by increases in MDA, NO and ET-1 and a decrease in SOD activity. Propofol treatments, especially pre-treatment, significantly reduced Chiu's scores and levels of MDA, NO, ET-1 and LD, while restoring SOD activity. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that propofol attenuates intestinal I/R-induced mucosal injury in an animal model. The response may be attributable to propofol's antioxidant properties, and the effects of inhibiting over-production of NO and in decreasing ET-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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