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Bozic I. Neuro-oscillations in memory consolidation and forgotten parts of the brain: Commentary on Weiner et al., 2023. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:481-482. [PMID: 37313790 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bozic
- Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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2
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Sweatman H, Lewis-de los Angeles CP, Zhang J, de los Angeles C, Ofen N, Gabrieli JDE, Chai XJ. Development of the neural correlates of recollection. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:6028-6037. [PMID: 36520501 PMCID: PMC10183736 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recollection of past events has been associated with the core recollection network comprising the posterior medial temporal lobe and parietal regions, as well as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The development of the brain basis for recollection is understudied. In a sample of adults (n = 22; 18-25 years) and children (n = 23; 9-13 years), the present study aimed to address this knowledge gap using a cued recall paradigm, known to elicit recollection experience. Successful recall was associated with activations in regions of the core recollection network and frontoparietal network. Adults exhibited greater successful recall activations compared with children in the precuneus and right angular gyrus. In contrast, similar levels of successful recall activations were observed in both age groups in the mPFC. Group differences were also seen in the hippocampus and lateral frontal regions. These findings suggest that the engagement of the mPFC in episodic retrieval may be relatively early maturing, whereas the contribution to episodic retrieval of more posterior regions such as the precuneus and angular gyrus undergoes more protracted maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Sweatman
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - C Paula Lewis-de los Angeles
- Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Carlo de los Angeles
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Noa Ofen
- Department of Psychology and the Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, 87 East Ferry Street, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - John D E Gabrieli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 524 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 45 Carleton Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Xiaoqian J Chai
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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3
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Hellewell SC, Granger DA, Cernak I. Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Results in Spatially Distinct Gray Matter Alteration Alongside Hormonal Alteration: A Preliminary Investigation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076797. [PMID: 37047768 PMCID: PMC10094760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT) frequently occurs during military training and deployment and has been linked to long-term neuropsychological and neurocognitive changes, and changes in brain structure. As military personnel experience frequent exposures to stress, BINT may negatively influence stress coping abilities. This study aimed to determine the effects of BINT on gray matter volume and hormonal alteration. Participants were Canadian Armed Forces personnel and veterans with a history of BINT (n = 12), and first responder controls (n = 8), recruited due to their characteristic occupational stress professions. Whole saliva was collected via passive drool on the morning of testing and analyzed for testosterone (pg/mL), cortisol (μg/dL), and testosterone/cortisol (T/C) ratio. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to compare gray matter (GM) volume, alongside measurement of cortical thickness and subcortical volumes. Saliva analyses revealed distinct alterations following BINT, with significantly elevated testosterone and T/C ratio. Widespread and largely symmetric loci of reduced GM were found specific to BINT, particularly in the temporal gyrus, precuneus, and thalamus. These findings suggest that BINT affects hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and -gonadal axis function, and causes anatomically-specific GM loss, which were not observed in a comparator group with similar occupational stressors. These findings support BINT as a unique injury with distinct structural and endocrine consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Hellewell
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ibolja Cernak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA 31902, USA
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4
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Robles Aguirre FA, Marrufo-Meléndez ÓR, Carrillo Mezo R, Torres Agustín R, Nuñez Soria M, Arias-Trejo N, Lara Galindo WF, Silva-Pereyra J, Rodríguez-Camacho MA. Neural correlates of semantic matching in indirect priming. COGN SYST RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Traikapi A, Kalli I, Kyriakou A, Stylianou E, Symeou RT, Kardama A, Christou YP, Phylactou P, Konstantinou N. Episodic memory effects of gamma frequency precuneus transcranial magnetic stimulation in Alzheimer's disease: A randomized multiple baseline study. J Neuropsychol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artemis Traikapi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences Cyprus University of Technology Limassol Cyprus
| | - Ioanna Kalli
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences Cyprus University of Technology Limassol Cyprus
| | - Andrea Kyriakou
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences Cyprus University of Technology Limassol Cyprus
| | - Elena Stylianou
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences Cyprus University of Technology Limassol Cyprus
| | - Rafaella Tereza Symeou
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences Cyprus University of Technology Limassol Cyprus
| | - Akrivi Kardama
- Rehabilitation Center Melathron Agoniston EOKA Limassol Cyprus
| | | | - Phivos Phylactou
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences Cyprus University of Technology Limassol Cyprus
| | - Nikos Konstantinou
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences Cyprus University of Technology Limassol Cyprus
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6
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The unexplored link between aesthetic perception and creativity: a theory-driven meta-analysis of fMRI studies in the visual domain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 140:104768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Hsu YH, Huang SM, Lin SY, Yang JJ, Tu MC, Kuo LW. Prospective Memory and Default Mode Network Functional Connectivity in Normal and Pathological Aging. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:753-762. [PMID: 35124645 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective memory (PM), the ability to execute a previously formed intention given the proper circumstance, has been proven to be vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease. Previous studies have indicated the involvement of the frontoparietal networks; however, it is proposed that PM may also be associated with other neural substrates that support stimulus-dependent spontaneous cognition. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to examine the hypothesis that PM deficit in Alzheimer's disease is related to altered functional connectivity (FC) within the default mode network (DMN). METHODS Thirty-four patients with very mild or mild dementia (17 with Alzheimer's disease and 17 with subcortical ischemic vascular disease) and 22 cognitively-normal participants aged above 60 received a computerized PM task and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Seed-based functional connectivity analysis was performed at group level within the DMN. RESULTS We found that the dementia groups showed worse PM performance and altered FC within the DMN as compared to the normal aging individuals. The FC between the medial prefrontal cortices and precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex was significantly correlated with PM in normal aging, while the FC between the right precuneus and bilateral inferior parietal lobules was correlated with PM in patients with Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSION These findings support a potential role for the DMN in PM, and corroborate that PM deficit in Alzheimer's disease was associated with altered FC within the posterior hubs of the DMN, with spatial patterning different from normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan.,Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Min Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yeh Lin
- Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jir-Jei Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tu
- Department of Neurology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen S, Song Y, Wu H, Ge H, Qi W, Xi Y, Wu J, Ji Y, Chen K, Lin X, Chen J. Hyperconnectivity Associated with Anosognosia Accelerating Clinical Progression in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:120-133. [PMID: 34923823 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of anosognosia are highly variable in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients. The study aims to explore the neuropathological mechanism of anosognosia in aMCI patients using two different but complementary technologies, including 18F-flortaucipir positron emission tomography and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The study found that anosognosia was related to higher tau accumulation in the left medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), left posterior cingulate cortex, and right precuneus in aMCI patients. Intrinsic functional connectivity analyses found significant correlations between anosognosia index and hypoconnectivity between the left medial OFC and left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), right precuneus and left lingual gyrus. Longitudinally, the connectivity of these brain regions as well as the right precuneus and right cuneus showed hyperconnectivity in aMCI patients with anosognosia. The anosognosia index was also correlated with AD pathological markers (i.e., Aβ, t-tau, and p-tau) and brain glucose metabolism in aMCI patients. In conclusion, anosognosia in aMCI patients is associated with the dysfunction of medial OFC-MTG circuit and the precuneus-visual cortex circuit and accelerates clinical progression to AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Huimin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Honglin Ge
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wenzhang Qi
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuxiang Ji
- Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xingjian Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jiu Chen
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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9
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Umejima K, Ibaraki T, Yamazaki T, Sakai KL. Paper Notebooks vs. Mobile Devices: Brain Activation Differences During Memory Retrieval. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:634158. [PMID: 33815075 PMCID: PMC8017158 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.634158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains to be determined how different inputs for memory-encoding, such as the use of paper notebooks or mobile devices, affect retrieval processes. We compared three groups of participants who read dialogues on personal schedules and wrote down the scheduled appointments on a calendar using a paper notebook (Note), an electronic tablet (Tablet), or a smartphone (Phone). After the retention period for an hour including an interference task, we tested recognition memory of those appointments with visually presented questions in a retrieval task, while scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging. We obtained three major results. First, the duration of writing down schedules was significantly shorter for the Note group than the Tablet and Phone groups, and accuracy was much higher for the Note group in easier (i.e., more straightforward) questions. Because the input methods were equated as much as possible between the Note and Tablet groups, these results indicate that the cognitive processes for the Note group were deeper and more solid. Second, brain activations for all participants during the retrieval phase were localized in the bilateral hippocampus, precuneus, visual cortices, and language-related frontal regions, confirming the involvement of verbalized memory retrieval processes for appointments. Third, activations in these regions were significantly higher for the Note group than those for the Tablet and Phone groups. These enhanced activations for the Note group could not be explained by general cognitive loads or task difficulty, because overall task performances were similar among the groups. The significant superiority in both accuracy and activations for the Note group suggested that the use of a paper notebook promoted the acquisition of rich encoding information and/or spatial information of real papers and that this information could be utilized as effective retrieval clues, leading to higher activations in these specific regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Umejima
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Ibaraki
- NTT Data Institute of Management Consulting, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kuniyoshi L. Sakai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Khan DM, Kamel N, Muzaimi M, Hill T. Effective Connectivity for Default Mode Network Analysis of Alcoholism. Brain Connect 2020; 11:12-29. [PMID: 32842756 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2019.0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: With the recent technical advances in brain imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), researchers' interests have inclined over the years to study brain functions through the analysis of the variations in the statistical dependence among various brain regions. Through its wide use in studying brain connectivity, the low temporal resolution of the fMRI represented by the limited number of samples per second, in addition to its dependence on brain slow hemodynamic changes, makes it of limited capability in studying the fast underlying neural processes during information exchange between brain regions. Materials and Methods: In this article, the high temporal resolution of the electroencephalography (EEG) is utilized to estimate the effective connectivity within the default mode network (DMN). The EEG data are collected from 20 subjects with alcoholism and 25 healthy subjects (controls), and used to obtain the effective connectivity diagram of the DMN using the Partial Directed Coherence algorithm. Results: The resulting effective connectivity diagram within the DMN shows the unidirectional causal effect of each region on the other. The variations in the causal effects within the DMN between controls and alcoholics show clear correlation with the symptoms that are usually associated with alcoholism, such as cognitive and memory impairments, executive control, and attention deficiency. The correlation between the exchanged causal effects within the DMN and symptoms related to alcoholism is discussed and properly analyzed. Conclusion: The establishment of the causal differences between control and alcoholic subjects within the DMN regions provides valuable insight into the mechanism by which alcohol modulates our cognitive and executive functions and creates better possibility for effective treatment of alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danish M Khan
- Centre for Intelligent Signal & Imaging Research (CISIR), Electrical & Electronic Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia.,Department of Electronic and Telecommunications Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, University Road, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nidal Kamel
- Centre for Intelligent Signal & Imaging Research (CISIR), Electrical & Electronic Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Mustapha Muzaimi
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian Malaysia
| | - Timothy Hill
- Neurotherapy & Psychology, Brain Therapy Centre, Kent Town, Australia
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11
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Kageyama T, Dos Santos Kawata KH, Kawashima R, Sugiura M. Performance and Material-Dependent Holistic Representation of Unconscious Thought: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:418. [PMID: 31866843 PMCID: PMC6908964 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological research has demonstrated that humans can think unconsciously. Unconscious thought (UT) refers to cognitive or affective decision-related processes that occur beyond conscious awareness. UT processes are considered more effective in complex decision-making than conscious thought (CT). In addition, holistic representation plays a key role in UT and consists of a multimodal, value-related cognitive process. While the neural correlates of UT have recently been investigated, the holistic representation hypothesis of UT has not been confirmed. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to further evaluate this hypothesis by utilizing two UT tasks (person and consumer-product evaluations) in conjunction with an improved functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experimental protocol. Participants evaluated four alternatives with 12 attributes each. In the UT condition, once the decision information had been presented, the participants completed a 1-back task for 120 s and evaluated each alternative, as well as an independent 1-back task in the absence of any decision information. We then performed regression analysis of the UT performance in both tasks. Our results revealed a positive correlation between performance in the UT task and the use of the anterior part of the precuneus/paracentral lobule in the person evaluation task and between performance and the posterior part of the precuneus, postcentral gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, and superior parietal lobule in the consumer-product evaluation task. The involvement of the precuneus area in both tasks was indicative of a multimodal, value-related process and is consistent with the features of holistic representation, supporting a central role for holistic representation in UT. Furthermore, the involvement of different precuneus subregions in the two UT tasks may reflect the task dependency of the key representation critical for advantageous UT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kageyama
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Motoaki Sugiura
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Disaster-Related Cognitive Science, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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12
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Wang D, Yao Q, Yu M, Xiao C, Fan L, Lin X, Zhu D, Tian M, Shi J. Topological Disruption of Structural Brain Networks in Patients With Cognitive Impairment Following Cerebellar Infarction. Front Neurol 2019; 10:759. [PMID: 31379713 PMCID: PMC6659410 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar lesions can lead to a series of cognitive and emotional disorders by influencing cerebral activity via cerebro-cerebellar loops. To explore changes in cognitive function and structural brain networks in patients with posterior cerebellar infarction, we conducted the current study using diffusion-weighted MRI (32 cerebellar infarction patients, 29 controls). Moreover, a series of neuropsychological tests were used to assess the subject's cognitive performance. We found cognitive impairment following cerebellar infarction involving multiple cognitive domains, including memory, executive functions, visuospatial abilities, processing speed and language functions, and brain topological abnormalities, including changes in clustering coefficients, shortest path lengths, global efficiency, local efficiencies, betweenness centrality and nodal efficiencies. Our results indicated that measures of local efficiency, mainly in the precuneus, cingulate gyrus and frontal-temporal cortex, were significantly reduced with posterior cerebellar infarction. At the same time, The correlation analysis suggested thatthe abnormal alterations in the right PCG, bilateral DCG, right PCUN may play a core role in the cognitive impairment following cerebellar infarctions. The differences in topological features of the structural brain networks within the cerebro-cerebellar circuits may provide a new approach to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of cognitive impairment following cerebellar infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duohao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qun Yao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoyong Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Fan
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Xingjian Lin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Donglin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjie Tian
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingping Shi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Lai CH. Fear Network Model in Panic Disorder: The Past and the Future. Psychiatry Investig 2019; 16:16-26. [PMID: 30176707 PMCID: PMC6354036 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2018.05.04.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The core concept for pathophysiology in panic disorder (PD) is the fear network model (FNM). The alterations in FNM might be linked with disturbances in the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which is a common phenomenon in PD. The traditional FNM included the frontal and limbic regions, which were dysregulated in the feedback mechanism for cognitive control of frontal lobe over the primitive response of limbic system. The exaggerated responses of limbic system are also associated with dysregulation in the neurotransmitter system. The neuroimaging studies also corresponded to FNM concept. However, more extended areas of FNM have been discovered in recent imaging studies, such as sensory regions of occipital, parietal cortex and temporal cortex and insula. The insula might integrate the filtered sensory information via thalamus from the visuospatial and other sensory modalities related to occipital, parietal and temporal lobes. In this review article, the traditional and advanced FNM would be discussed. I would also focus on the current evidences of insula, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes in the pathophysiology. In addition, the white matter and functional connectome studies would be reviewed to support the concept of advanced FNM. An emerging dysregulation model of fronto-limbic-insula and temporooccipito-parietal areas might be revealed according to the combined results of recent neuroimaging studies. The future delineation of advanced FNM model can be beneficial from more extensive and advanced studies focusing on the additional sensory regions of occipital, parietal and temporal cortex to confirm the role of advanced FNM in the pathophysiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Han Lai
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,PhD Psychiatry & Neuroscience Clinic, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Yeezen General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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14
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Fatemi SH, Wong DF, Brašić JR, Kuwabara H, Mathur A, Folsom TD, Jacob S, Realmuto GM, Pardo JV, Lee S. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 tracer [ 18F]-FPEB displays increased binding potential in postcentral gyrus and cerebellum of male individuals with autism: a pilot PET study. CEREBELLUM & ATAXIAS 2018; 5:3. [PMID: 29449954 PMCID: PMC5810020 DOI: 10.1186/s40673-018-0082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is first manifested during early childhood. Postmortem experiments have identified significantly elevated expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in cerebellar vermis and prefrontal cortex of individuals with autism. Methods In the current study we employed the mGluR5 tracer [18F]-3-fluoro-5-[(pyridin-3-yl)ethynyl]benzonitrile ([18F]-FPEB) to quantify mGluR5 binding in vivo in adults with autism vs. healthy controls using positron emission tomography (PET). Results We identified significantly higher [18F]-FPEB binding potential in the postcentral gyrus and cerebellum of individuals with autism. There was a significant negative correlation between age and [18F]-FPEB binding potential in the cerebellum but not in the postcentral gyrus. In the precuneus, [18F]-FPEB binding potential correlated positively with the lethargy subscale score for the Aberrant Behavioral Checklist (ABC). In cerebellum, there were significant negative correlations between [18F]-FPEB binding potential and ABC total score, ABC hyperactivity subscale score, and the ABC inappropriate speech subscale score. Conclusions These novel findings demonstrate for the first time that mGluR5 binding is altered in critical brain areas of subjects with autism, suggesting abnormal glutamate signaling in these regions. Finally, the correlations between altered [18F]-FPEB binding potential in the cerebellum and precuneus suggest that some autistic symptoms may be influenced by abnormal glutamate signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hossein Fatemi
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.,2Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, 321 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Dean F Wong
- 3The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Section of High Resolution Brain PET Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine, and Molecular Imaging, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD USA.,4Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.,5Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA.,6Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - James R Brašić
- 3The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Section of High Resolution Brain PET Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine, and Molecular Imaging, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Hiroto Kuwabara
- 3The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Section of High Resolution Brain PET Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine, and Molecular Imaging, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Anil Mathur
- 3The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Section of High Resolution Brain PET Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine, and Molecular Imaging, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Timothy D Folsom
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Suma Jacob
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - George M Realmuto
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - José V Pardo
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1 Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417-2399 USA
| | - Susanne Lee
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
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15
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Local-to-remote cortical connectivity in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 56:138-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Brodbeck C, Gwilliams L, Pylkkänen L. Language in Context: MEG Evidence for Modality-General and -Specific Responses to Reference Resolution. eNeuro 2016; 3:ENEURO.0145-16.2016. [PMID: 28058272 PMCID: PMC5200920 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0145-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful language comprehension critically depends on our ability to link linguistic expressions to the entities they refer to. Without reference resolution, newly encountered language cannot be related to previously acquired knowledge. The human experience includes many different types of referents, some visual, some auditory, some very abstract. Does the neural basis of reference resolution depend on the nature of the referents, or do our brains use a modality-general mechanism for linking meanings to referents? Here we report evidence for both. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we varied both the modality of referents, which consisted either of visual or auditory objects, and the point at which reference resolution was possible within sentences. Source-localized MEG responses revealed brain activity associated with reference resolution that was independent of the modality of the referents, localized to the medial parietal lobe and starting ∼415 ms after the onset of reference resolving words. A modality-specific response to reference resolution in auditory domains was also found, in the vicinity of auditory cortex. Our results suggest that referential language processing cannot be reduced to processing in classical language regions and representations of the referential domain in modality-specific neural systems. Instead, our results suggest that reference resolution engages medial parietal cortex, which supports a mechanism for referential processing regardless of the content modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brodbeck
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003
- NYU Abu Dhabi Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laura Gwilliams
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003
- NYU Abu Dhabi Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Liina Pylkkänen
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003
- Department of Linguistics, New York University, New York, NY 10003
- NYU Abu Dhabi Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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17
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Age-related changes in post-movement beta synchronization during a selective inhibition task. Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:3543-3553. [PMID: 27531152 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Wang X, Peelen MV, Han Z, Caramazza A, Bi Y. The role of vision in the neural representation of unique entities. Neuropsychologia 2016; 87:144-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
Recognizing objects in the environment and understanding our surroundings often depends on context: the presence of other objects and knowledge about their relations with each other. Such contextual information activates a set of medial lobe brain regions, the parahippocampal cortex and the retrosplenial complex. Both regions are more activated by single objects with a unique contextual association than by objects not associated with any specific context. Similarly they are more activated by spatially coherent arrangements of objects when those are consistent with their known spatial relations. The current study tested how context in multiple-object displays is represented in these regions in the absence of relevant spatial information. Using an fMRI slow-event-related design, we show that the precuneus (a subpart of the retrosplenial complex) is more activated by simultaneously presented contextually related objects than by unrelated objects. This suggests that the representation of context in this region is cumulative, representing integrated information across objects in the display. We discuss these findings in relation to processing of visual information and relate them to previous findings of contextual effects in perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Livne
- 1Harvard Medical School
- 2Massachusetts General Hospital
- 3Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Moshe Bar
- 1Harvard Medical School
- 2Massachusetts General Hospital
- 4Bar Ilan University, Israel
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20
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Bursley JK, Nestor A, Tarr MJ, Creswell JD. Awake, Offline Processing during Associative Learning. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0127522. [PMID: 27119345 PMCID: PMC4847934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Offline processing has been shown to strengthen memory traces and enhance learning in the absence of conscious rehearsal or awareness. Here we evaluate whether a brief, two-minute offline processing period can boost associative learning and test a memory reactivation account for these offline processing effects. After encoding paired associates, subjects either completed a distractor task for two minutes or were immediately tested for memory of the pairs in a counterbalanced, within-subjects functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Results showed that brief, awake, offline processing improves memory for associate pairs. Moreover, multi-voxel pattern analysis of the neuroimaging data suggested reactivation of encoded memory representations in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during offline processing. These results signify the first demonstration of awake, active, offline enhancement of associative memory and suggest that such enhancement is accompanied by the offline reactivation of encoded memory representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K. Bursley
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JKB); (JDC)
| | - Adrian Nestor
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J. Tarr
- Department of Psychology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - J. David Creswell
- Department of Psychology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JKB); (JDC)
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21
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22
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Anderson AJ, Bruni E, Lopopolo A, Poesio M, Baroni M. Reading visually embodied meaning from the brain: Visually grounded computational models decode visual-object mental imagery induced by written text. Neuroimage 2015; 120:309-22. [PMID: 26188260 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Embodiment theory predicts that mental imagery of object words recruits neural circuits involved in object perception. The degree of visual imagery present in routine thought and how it is encoded in the brain is largely unknown. We test whether fMRI activity patterns elicited by participants reading objects' names include embodied visual-object representations, and whether we can decode the representations using novel computational image-based semantic models. We first apply the image models in conjunction with text-based semantic models to test predictions of visual-specificity of semantic representations in different brain regions. Representational similarity analysis confirms that fMRI structure within ventral-temporal and lateral-occipital regions correlates most strongly with the image models and conversely text models correlate better with posterior-parietal/lateral-temporal/inferior-frontal regions. We use an unsupervised decoding algorithm that exploits commonalities in representational similarity structure found within both image model and brain data sets to classify embodied visual representations with high accuracy (8/10) and then extend it to exploit model combinations to robustly decode different brain regions in parallel. By capturing latent visual-semantic structure our models provide a route into analyzing neural representations derived from past perceptual experience rather than stimulus-driven brain activity. Our results also verify the benefit of combining multimodal data to model human-like semantic representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew James Anderson
- Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, 38068, Rovereto, Italy.
| | - Elia Bruni
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, 38068, Rovereto, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Poesio
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, 38068, Rovereto, Italy; University of Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Marco Baroni
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, 38068, Rovereto, Italy
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23
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Graham AM, Pfeifer JH, Fisher PA, Lin W, Gao W, Fair DA. The potential of infant fMRI research and the study of early life stress as a promising exemplar. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2015; 12:12-39. [PMID: 25459874 PMCID: PMC4385461 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research with infants and toddlers has increased rapidly over the past decade, and provided a unique window into early brain development. In the current report, we review the state of the literature, which has established the feasibility and utility of task-based fMRI and resting state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) during early periods of brain maturation. These methodologies have been successfully applied beginning in the neonatal period to increase understanding of how the brain both responds to environmental stimuli, and becomes organized into large-scale functional systems that support complex behaviors. We discuss the methodological challenges posed by this promising area of research. We also highlight that despite these challenges, early work indicates a strong potential for these methods to influence multiple research domains. As an example, we focus on the study of early life stress and its influence on brain development and mental health outcomes. We illustrate the promise of these methodologies for building on, and making important contributions to, the existing literature in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M Graham
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
| | - Jennifer H Pfeifer
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1715 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
| | - Philip A Fisher
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1715 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
| | - Weili Lin
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Wei Gao
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Damien A Fair
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1715 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR 97403, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States; Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States
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Mak E, Su L, Williams GB, Watson R, Firbank MJ, Blamire AM, O'Brien JT. Progressive cortical thinning and subcortical atrophy in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:1743-1750. [PMID: 25649023 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of progressive cortical thinning in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) remain poorly understood. We examined spatiotemporal patterns of cortical thinning and subcortical atrophy over 12 months in DLB (n = 13), compared with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 23) and healthy control subjects (HC) (n = 33). Rates of temporal thinning in DLB were relatively preserved compared with AD. Volumetric analyses subcortical changes revealed that the AD group demonstrated significantly increased hippocampal atrophy (-5.8%) relative to the HC (-1.7%; p < 0.001) and DLB groups (-2.5%, p = 0.006). Significant lateral ventricular expansion was also observed in AD (8.9%) compared with HC (4.3%; p < 0.001) and DLB (4.7%; p = 0.008) at trend level. There was no significant difference in subcortical atrophy and ventricular expansion between DLB and HC. In the DLB group, increased rates of cortical thinning in the frontal and parietal regions were significantly correlated with decline in global cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination) and motor deterioration (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale 3), respectively. Overall, AD and DLB are characterized by different spatiotemporal patterns of cortical thinning over time. Our findings warrant further consideration of longitudinal cortical thinning as a potential imaging marker to differentiate DLB from AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Mak
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Li Su
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guy B Williams
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Rosie Watson
- Department of Aged Care, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, UK
| | - Michael J Firbank
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, UK
| | - Andrew M Blamire
- Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - John T O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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25
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Kitada R, Sasaki AT, Okamoto Y, Kochiyama T, Sadato N. Role of the precuneus in the detection of incongruency between tactile and visual texture information: A functional MRI study. Neuropsychologia 2014; 64:252-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Lai CH, Wu YT. The alterations in inter-hemispheric functional coordination of patients with panic disorder: the findings in the posterior sub-network of default mode network. J Affect Disord 2014; 166:279-84. [PMID: 25012442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) has been studied in several neuropsychiatric illnesses. The inter-hemispheric interactions probably could explain the important aspects for the pathophysiology of panic disorder (PD). Therefore, we initiated this study to estimate the differences in VMHC values between the PD patients and controls. METHODS Thirty first-episode medication-naïve patients with PD and 21 controls were enrolled with age and gender controlled. All the participants received the scanning of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-FMRI). The R-FMRI images were preprocessed and analyzed to obtain the VMHC values. The two-sample t test of VMHC data between PD patients and controls was performed. We also explored the relationship between the VMHC values and clinical characteristics. RESULTS The controls had significantly higher VMHC values than patients in the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus (false discovery rate corrected p<0.005). The one-sided results by the unilateral hemisphere mask also confirmed that the results were indeed found in the right hemisphere. The VMHC value in the posterior cingulate cortex was also negatively correlated with panic severity. CONCLUSION The alterations of inter-hemispheric coordination in cingulate-precuneus may play a role in the pathophysiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Han Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yu-Te Wu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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27
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Mohades SG, Struys E, Van Schuerbeek P, Baeken C, Van De Craen P, Luypaert R. Age of second language acquisition affects nonverbal conflict processing in children: an fMRI study. Brain Behav 2014; 4:626-42. [PMID: 25328840 PMCID: PMC4107382 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In their daily communication, bilinguals switch between two languages, a process that involves the selection of a target language and minimization of interference from a nontarget language. Previous studies have uncovered the neural structure in bilinguals and the activation patterns associated with performing verbal conflict tasks. One question that remains, however is whether this extra verbal switching affects brain function during nonverbal conflict tasks. METHODS In this study, we have used fMRI to investigate the impact of bilingualism in children performing two nonverbal tasks involving stimulus-stimulus and stimulus-response conflicts. Three groups of 8-11-year-old children--bilinguals from birth (2L1), second language learners (L2L), and a control group of monolinguals (1L1)--were scanned while performing a color Simon and a numerical Stroop task. Reaction times and accuracy were logged. RESULTS Compared to monolingual controls, bilingual children showed higher behavioral congruency effect of these tasks, which is matched by the recruitment of brain regions that are generally used in general cognitive control, language processing or to solve language conflict situations in bilinguals (caudate nucleus, posterior cingulate gyrus, STG, precuneus). Further, the activation of these areas was found to be higher in 2L1 compared to L2L. CONCLUSION The coupling of longer reaction times to the recruitment of extra language-related brain areas supports the hypothesis that when dealing with language conflicts the specialization of bilinguals hampers the way they can process with nonverbal conflicts, at least at early stages in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyede Ghazal Mohades
- Medical Imaging Department (BEFY), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Brussels, Belgium ; Radiology Department, UZ Brussel Brussels, Belgium
| | - Esli Struys
- Department of Linguistics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry, UZ Brussel Brussels, Belgium ; Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Piet Van De Craen
- Department of Linguistics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert Luypaert
- Medical Imaging Department (BEFY), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Brussels, Belgium ; Radiology Department, UZ Brussel Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Mahayana IT, Tcheang L, Chen CY, Juan CH, Muggleton NG. The precuneus and visuospatial attention in near and far space: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Brain Stimul 2014; 7:673-9. [PMID: 25112521 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a large body of evidence for the involvement of the parietal cortex in orientation and navigation in space. This has been supplemented by investigation of the contribution of a number of subregions using transcranial magnetic stimulation. OBJECTIVE The role of the precuneus area, located in the medial plane of posterior parietal cortex (PPC), in visuospatial functions is not well understood. We investigated the contribution of this area using the landmark task. METHODS Participants were asked to make forced-choice judgments of which side of prebisected line was longer for near and far viewing conditions (70 and 180 cm, respectively). Online 10 Hz, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was delivered for 500 ms over the right precuneus, rPPC and vertex (control), in separate blocks of trials. The rPPC stimulation was used as a positive control, having previously resulted in "neglect like" spatial bias effects in a number of studies. RESULTS A no-TMS condition showed a leftward spatial bias (pseudoneglect) for near space judgments but not for far space and was used as the baseline. Precuneus stimulation resulted in rightward spatial bias from the midpoint in near space similar to the rPPC neglect-like effect. No significant effects were seen with vertex stimulation. CONCLUSION This study shows that precuneus, like other parietal areas, is involved in visuospatial functions. Further work is required to clarify how the contribution of this area differs from other parietal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra T Mahayana
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
| | - Lili Tcheang
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Chiao-Yun Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Criminology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Juan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
| | - Neil G Muggleton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, UK; Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London, UK.
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Teixeira CVL, Gobbi S, Pereira JR, Vital TM, Hernandéz SSS, Shigematsu R, Gobbi LTB. Effects of square-stepping exercise on cognitive functions of older people. Psychogeriatrics 2013; 13:148-56. [PMID: 25913763 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Cognitive functions can decline with age, and interventions focusing on stimulating them may have positive results. Previous studies have shown that square-stepping exercise (SSE) has a good influence on balance, but this exercise also seems to promote cognitive stimulation. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to analyse the effect of 16 weeks of SSE on cognitive functions in non-demented community-dwelling older people. METHODS This was a longitudinal, non-randomized study. Forty-one older adults (60 years and older) were recruited, and 21 participated in the SSE group (practised only SSE sequences) and 20 were in the control group (continued with their activities of daily living). Both groups were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Digit Span test, the Toulouse-Pierón Attention Test and the Modified Card Sorting Test. RESULTS The SSE group showed a significant improvement in global cognitive status, concentrated attention and mental flexibility after 16 weeks of the SSE intervention. CONCLUSION Evidence shows that SSE is a physical activity that positively influences cognitive functions in non-demented older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Vieira Ligo Teixeira
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Physical Education, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
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Effects of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury on anticipating consequences of actions in adolescents: a preliminary study. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2013; 19:508-17. [PMID: 23312035 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617712001452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
For this pilot study, we compared performance of 15 adolescents with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) to that of 13 typically developing (TD) adolescents in predicting social actions and consequences for avatars in a virtual microworld environment faced with dilemmas involving legal or moral infractions. Performance was analyzed in relation to cortical thickness in brain regions implicated in social cognition. Groups did not differ in number of actions predicted nor in reasons cited for predictions when presented only the conflict situation. After viewing the entire scenario, including the choice made by the avatar, TD and TBI adolescents provided similar numbers of short-term consequences. However, TD adolescents provided significantly more long-term consequences (p = .010). Additionally, for the Overall qualitative score, TD adolescents' responses were more likely to reflect the long-term impact of the decision made (p = .053). Groups differed in relation of the Overall measure to thickness of right medial prefrontal cortex/frontal pole and precuneus, with stronger relations for the TD group (p < .01). For long-term consequences, the relations to the posterior cingulate, superior medial frontal, and precentral regions, and to a lesser extent, the middle temporal region, were stronger for the TBI group (p < .01).
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32
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Perceived patient-parent relationships and neural representation of parents in schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2013; 263:259-69. [PMID: 22678652 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-012-0334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Having a relationship with one's parents is a fundamental social interaction and is a significant environmental factor in the long-term course of illness in schizophrenia. We explored subjective reports regarding the communicative relationship with parents and the implicit behavioral and neural responses of patients toward stimuli that referred to parents. Fourteen outpatients with schizophrenia and 15 healthy volunteers with living parents were scanned using a functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing an imaginary sentence completion test that involved contemplation of their mothers and fathers. In patients with schizophrenia, subjective reports of better communicative fluency with one's mother were associated with faster response time and lower incomplete rate, reflecting favorable responses toward mothers. Relative to control participants, patients with schizophrenia demonstrated greater neural activation in the superior temporal sulcus and the parahippocampal gyrus for parental stimuli. When patients with schizophrenia contemplated their mothers, activities in these regions were associated with a level of negative symptoms or affective ambivalence in patients. The results indicated that parental cues are processed in a more socially driven manner, and that perceived communicative relationships with one's parents can be used to estimate implicit responses, especially in relation to mothers in patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore, the findings of the current study suggest that affective ambivalence toward one's mother is one such implicit response and emphasize the importance of prudent family interventions in the psychiatric rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia.
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Kühn S, Gallinat J. Segregating cognitive functions within hippocampal formation: a quantitative meta-analysis on spatial navigation and episodic memory. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 35:1129-42. [PMID: 23362184 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important cognitive domains where hippocampal formation is crucially involved are navigation and memory. Some evidence suggests that different hippocampal subregions mediate these domains. However, a quantitative meta-analysis on neuroimaging studies of spatial navigation versus memory is lacking. By means of activation likelihood estimation (ALE), we investigate concurrence of brain regions activated during spatial navigation encoding and retrieval as well as during episodic memory encoding and retrieval tasks in humans. During encoding in spatial navigation, activity was located in more posterior regions of the hippocampal formation, whereas episodic memory encoding was located in more anterior regions. Retrieval in spatial navigation was more strongly lateralized to the right compared to episodic memory retrieval. Within studies on spatial navigation retrieval, immediate recall was located more posterior and delayed recall more anterior. Overlap between concurrence of activation in spatial navigation and episodic memory was rather limited in comparison to uniquely involved regions. This argues in favor of two distinct networks, one for spatial navigation the other for episodic memory within the hippocampal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kühn
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Experimental Psychology and Ghent Institute for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ghent University Henri Dunantlaan 2, Gent, Belgium; Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin, Germany
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Holmes M, Folley BS, Sonmezturk HH, Gore JC, Kang H, Abou-Khalil B, Morgan VL. Resting state functional connectivity of the hippocampus associated with neurocognitive function in left temporal lobe epilepsy. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 35:735-44. [PMID: 23124719 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) experience disturbances of episodic memory from structural damage or dysfunction of the hippocampus. The objective of this study was to use functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to identify regions where resting state connectivity to the left hippocampus (LH) is correlated with neuropsychological measures of verbal memory retention in TLE patients. Eleven left TLE (LTLE) patients and 15 control subjects participated in resting state fMRI scans. All LTLE patients underwent neuropsychological testing. Resting state functional connectivity maps to the LH were calculated for each patient, and subsequently used in a multiple regression analysis with verbal memory retention scores as a covariate. The analysis identified brain regions whose connectivity to the LH was linearly related to memory retention scores across the group of patients. In LTLE patients, right sided (contralateral) clusters in the precuneus and inferior parietal lobule (IPL) exhibited increased connectivity to the LH with increased memory retention score; left sided (ipsilateral) regions in the precuneus and IPL showed increased connectivity to the LH with decreased retention score. Patients with high memory retention scores had greater connectivity between the LH-right parietal clusters than between the LH-left parietal clusters; in contrast, control subjects had significantly and consistently greater LH-left hemisphere than LH-right hemisphere connectivity. Our results suggest that increased connectivity in contralateral hippocampal functional pathways within the episodic verbal memory network represents a strengthening of alternative pathways in LTLE patients with strong verbal memory retention abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Holmes
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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35
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Bossong MG, Jager G, van Hell HH, Zuurman L, Jansma JM, Mehta MA, van Gerven JMA, Kahn RS, Ramsey NF. Effects of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Administration on Human Encoding and Recall Memory Function: A Pharmacological fMRI Study. J Cogn Neurosci 2012; 24:588-99. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Deficits in memory function are an incapacitating aspect of various psychiatric and neurological disorders. Animal studies have recently provided strong evidence for involvement of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in memory function. Neuropsychological studies in humans have shown less convincing evidence but suggest that administration of cannabinoid substances affects encoding rather than recall of information. In this study, we examined the effects of perturbation of the eCB system on memory function during both encoding and recall. We performed a pharmacological MRI study with a placebo-controlled, crossover design, investigating the effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) inhalation on associative memory-related brain function in 13 healthy volunteers. Performance and brain activation during associative memory were assessed using a pictorial memory task, consisting of separate encoding and recall conditions. Administration of THC caused reductions in activity during encoding in the right insula, the right inferior frontal gyrus, and the left middle occipital gyrus and a network-wide increase in activity during recall, which was most prominent in bilateral cuneus and precuneus. THC administration did not affect task performance, but while during placebo recall activity significantly explained variance in performance, this effect disappeared after THC. These findings suggest eCB involvement in encoding of pictorial information. Increased precuneus activity could reflect impaired recall function, but the absence of THC effects on task performance suggests a compensatory mechanism. These results further emphasize the eCB system as a potential novel target for treatment of memory disorders and a promising target for development of new therapies to reduce memory deficits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerry Jager
- 1University Medical Center Utrecht
- 2Wageningen University
| | | | - Lineke Zuurman
- 3Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
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36
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Barde LHF, Yeatman JD, Lee ES, Glover G, Feldman HM. Differences in neural activation between preterm and full term born adolescents on a sentence comprehension task: implications for educational accommodations. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2012; 2 Suppl 1:S114-28. [PMID: 22682901 PMCID: PMC3501002 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent survivors of preterm birth experience persistent functional problems that negatively impact academic outcomes, even when standardized measures of cognition and language suggest normal ability. In this fMRI study, we compared the neural activation supporting auditory sentence comprehension in two groups of adolescents (ages 9-16 years); sentences varied in length and syntactic difficulty. Preterms (n=18, mean gestational age 28.8 weeks) and full terms (n=14) had scores on verbal IQ, receptive vocabulary, and receptive language tests that were within or above normal limits and similar between groups. In early and late phases of the trial, we found interactions by group and length; in the late phase, we also found a group by syntactic difficulty interaction. Post hoc tests revealed that preterms demonstrated significant activation in the left and right middle frontal gyri as syntactic difficulty increased. ANCOVA showed that the interactions could not be attributed to differences in age, receptive language skill, or reaction time. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that preterm birth modulates brain-behavior relations in sentence comprehension as task demands increase. We suggest preterms' differences in neural processing may indicate a need for educational accommodations, even when formal test scores indicate normal academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H F Barde
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States.
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37
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Wang J, Baucom LB, Shinkareva SV. Decoding abstract and concrete concept representations based on single-trial fMRI data. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 34:1133-47. [PMID: 23568269 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, multi-voxel pattern analysis has been used to decode words referring to concrete object categories. In this study we investigated if single-trial-based brain activity was sufficient to distinguish abstract (e.g., mercy) versus concrete (e.g., barn) concept representations. Multiple neuroimaging studies have identified differences in the processing of abstract versus concrete concepts based on the averaged activity across time by using univariate methods. In this study we used multi-voxel pattern analysis to decode functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data when participants perform a semantic similarity judgment task on triplets of either abstract or concrete words with similar meanings. Classifiers were trained to identify individual trials as concrete or abstract. Cross-validated accuracies for classifying trials as abstract or concrete were significantly above chance (P < 0.05) for all participants. Discriminating information was distributed in multiple brain regions. Moreover, accuracy of identifying single trial data for any one participant as abstract or concrete was also reliably above chance (P < 0.05) when the classifier was trained solely on data from other participants. These results suggest abstract and concrete concepts differ in representations in terms of neural activity patterns during a short period of time across the whole brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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Marinelli R, Bindi R, Marchi S, Castellani E, Carli G, Santarcangelo EL. Hypnotizability-related differences in written language. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2012; 60:54-66. [PMID: 22098569 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2011.622196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The study analyzed the writing products of subjects with high (highs) and low (lows) hypnotizability. The participants were asked to write short texts in response to highly imaginative scenarios in standard conditions. The texts were processed through computerized and manual methods. The results showed that the highs' texts were more sophisticated due to a higher number of abstract nouns, more intense and imaginative due to a larger number of similes, metaphors, and onomatopoeias, and less detailed due to a higher nouns-to-adjectives ratio. The differences in the use of abstract nouns and highly imageable expressions are discussed in relation to the preeminent left-hemisphere activity of highs during wakefulness and to a possibly different involvement of the precuneus, which is involved in hypnotic phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Marinelli
- Institute of Computational Linguistics, National Council of Research, Pisa, Italy
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39
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Caria A, Venuti P, de Falco S. Functional and dysfunctional brain circuits underlying emotional processing of music in autism spectrum disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 21:2838-49. [PMID: 21527791 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite intersubject variability, dramatic impairments of socio-communicative skills are core features of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). A deficit in the ability to express and understand emotions has often been hypothesized to be an important correlate of such impairments. Little is known about individuals with ASD's ability to sense emotions conveyed by nonsocial stimuli such as music. Music has been found to be capable of evoking and conveying strong and consistent positive and negative emotions in healthy subjects. The ability to process perceptual and emotional aspects of music seems to be maintained in ASD. Individuals with ASD and neurotypical (NT) controls underwent a single functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) session while processing happy and sad music excerpts. Overall, fMRI results indicated that while listening to both happy and sad music, individuals with ASD activated cortical and subcortical brain regions known to be involved in emotion processing and reward. A comparison of ASD participants with NT individuals demonstrated decreased brain activity in the premotor area and in the left anterior insula, especially in response to happy music excerpts. Our findings shed new light on the neurobiological correlates of preserved and altered emotional processing in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Caria
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Tübingen D-72074, Germany.
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40
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Broome MR, Fusar-Poli P, Matthiasson P, Woolley JB, Valmaggia L, Johns LC, Tabraham P, Bramon E, Williams SCR, Brammer MJ, Chitnis X, Zelaya F, McGuire PK. Neural correlates of visuospatial working memory in the 'at-risk mental state'. Psychol Med 2010; 40:1987-1999. [PMID: 20214840 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291710000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired spatial working memory (SWM) is a robust feature of schizophrenia and has been linked to the risk of developing psychosis in people with an at-risk mental state (ARMS). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neural substrate of SWM in the ARMS and in patients who had just developed schizophrenia. METHOD fMRI was used to study 17 patients with an ARMS, 10 patients with a first episode of psychosis and 15 age-matched healthy comparison subjects. The blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response was measured while subjects performed an object-location paired-associate memory task, with experimental manipulation of mnemonic load. RESULTS In all groups, increasing mnemonic load was associated with activation in the medial frontal and medial posterior parietal cortex. Significant between-group differences in activation were evident in a cluster spanning the medial frontal cortex and right precuneus, with the ARMS groups showing less activation than controls but greater activation than first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients. These group differences were more evident at the most demanding levels of the task than at the easy level. In all groups, task performance improved with repetition of the conditions. However, there was a significant group difference in the response of the right precuneus across repeated trials, with an attenuation of activation in controls but increased activation in FEP and little change in the ARMS. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal neural activity in the medial frontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex during an SWM task may be a neural correlate of increased vulnerability to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Broome
- Psychosis Clinical Academic Group, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
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41
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Zhou J, Liu X, Song W, Yang Y, Zhao Z, Ling F, Hudetz AG, Li SJ. Specific and nonspecific thalamocortical functional connectivity in normal and vegetative states. Conscious Cogn 2010; 20:257-68. [PMID: 21078562 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent theoretical advances describing consciousness from information and integration have highlighted the unique role of the thalamocortical system in leading to integrated information and thus, consciousness. Here, we examined the differential distributions of specific and nonspecific thalamocortical functional connections using resting-state fMRI in a group of healthy subjects and vegetative-state patients. We found that both thalamic systems were widely distributed, but they exhibited different patterns. Nonspecific connections were preferentially associated with brain regions involved in higher-order cognitive processing, self-awareness and introspective mentalizing (e.g., the dorsal prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices). In contrast, specific connections were prevalent in the ventral and posterior part of the prefrontal and precuneus, known involved in representing externally-directed attentions. Significant reductions of functional connectivity in both systems, especially the nonspecific system, were observed in VS. These data suggest that brain networks sustaining information and integration may be differentiated by the nature of their thalamic functional connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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42
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Fusar-Poli P, Broome MR, Matthiasson P, Woolley JB, Johns LC, Tabraham P, Bramon E, Valmaggia L, Williams SC, McGuire P. Spatial working memory in individuals at high risk for psychosis: longitudinal fMRI study. Schizophr Res 2010; 123:45-52. [PMID: 20688479 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocognitive impairments in executive and mnemonic domains are already evident in the pre-psychotic phases. The longitudinal dynamic course of the neurofunctional abnormalities underlying liability to psychosis and their relation to clinical outcomes is unknown. METHODS In this study we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a cohort of subjects at ultra high clinical risk for psychosis (with an "At Risk Mental State", ARMS) and in healthy controls. Images were acquired at baseline and again after one year on a 1.5 Tesla Signa, while patients were performing a visuospatial working memory task. Psychopathological assessment of the prodromal symptoms was conducted at the same time points by using the CAARMS and the PANSS instruments. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the ARMS and control groups with respect to age or IQ. Although both groups performed the PAL task with a high degree of accuracy, the ARMS showed an increased latency in answers during the most demanding level of the task. At baseline, such cognitive impairment was associated with reduced activation in the left precuneus, left superior parietal lobule, right middle temporal gyrus in the ARMS as compared to controls. In addition, the ARMS failed to activate parietal areas with increasing difficulty of the task. Between presentation and follow-up the overall clinical status of the ARMS sample improved, despite 2 out of the 15 subjects having developed a full-blown psychosis: the CAARMS (perceptual disorder and thought disorder subscales) and the PANNS general scores decreased, while the GAF score increased. Such clinical amelioration was associated with a longitudinal compensatory increase in occipitoparietal regions. CONCLUSIONS The prodromal phase of psychosis is associated with functional alterations in parietal and temporal networks subserving visuospatial working memory which are more evident under high cognitive loads. The clinical improvement at one year is associated with a compensatory increase in occipitoparietal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fusar-Poli
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, UK.
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43
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Laird AR, Robinson JL, McMillan KM, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Moran ST, Gonzales SM, Ray KL, Franklin C, Glahn DC, Fox PT, Lancaster JL. Comparison of the disparity between Talairach and MNI coordinates in functional neuroimaging data: validation of the Lancaster transform. Neuroimage 2010; 51:677-83. [PMID: 20197097 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial normalization of neuroimaging data is a standard step when assessing group effects. As a result of divergent analysis procedures due to different normalization algorithms or templates, not all published coordinates refer to the same neuroanatomical region. Specifically, the literature is populated with results in the form of MNI or Talairach coordinates, and their disparity can impede the comparison of results across different studies. This becomes particularly problematic in coordinate-based meta-analyses, wherein coordinate disparity should be corrected to reduce error and facilitate literature reviews. In this study, a quantitative comparison was performed on two corrections, the Brett transform (i.e., "mni2tal"), and the Lancaster transform (i.e., "icbm2tal"). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquired during a standard paired associates task indicated that the disparity between MNI and Talairach coordinates was better reduced via the Lancaster transform, as compared to the Brett transform. In addition, an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of the paired associates literature revealed that a higher degree of concordance was obtained when using the Lancaster transform in the form of fewer, smaller, and more intense clusters. Based on these results, we recommend that the Lancaster transform be adopted as the community standard for reducing disparity between results reported as MNI or Talairach coordinates, and suggest that future spatial normalization strategies be designed to minimize this variability in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Laird
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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44
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Halsband U, Mueller S, Hinterberger T, Strickner S. Plasticity changes in the brain in hypnosis and meditation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ch.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Mestres-Missé A, Münte TF, Rodriguez-Fornells A. Functional Neuroanatomy of Contextual Acquisition of Concrete and Abstract Words. J Cogn Neurosci 2009; 21:2154-71. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2008.21171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The meaning of a novel word can be acquired by extracting it from linguistic context. Here we simulated word learning of new words associated to concrete and abstract concepts in a variant of the human simulation paradigm that provided linguistic context information in order to characterize the brain systems involved. Native speakers of Spanish read pairs of sentences in order to derive the meaning of a new word that appeared in the terminal position of the sentences. fMRI revealed that learning the meaning associated to concrete and abstract new words was qualitatively different and recruited similar brain regions as the processing of real concrete and abstract words. In particular, learning of new concrete words selectively boosted the activation of the ventral anterior fusiform gyrus, a region driven by imageability, which has previously been implicated in the processing of concrete words.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells
- 1University of Barcelona, Spain
- 3Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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Carreiras M, Riba J, Vergara M, Heldmann M, Münte TF. Syllable congruency and word frequency effects on brain activation. Hum Brain Mapp 2009; 30:3079-88. [PMID: 19172625 PMCID: PMC6871191 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This article investigates the neural representation of the processes involved in recognizing multisyllabic words in Spanish asking whether lexical and sublexical processes are reflected in a different neuronal activation pattern. High and low frequency words were presented for lexical decision in two different colors. In the congruent condition the color boundaries matched the limit of the first syllable, whereas in the incongruent condition color boundaries and syllable boundaries did not match. The results revealed robust and dissociable brain activations for lexical frequency and syllable-color congruency, but no interaction between the two. We interpreted the greater activation for low relative to high frequency words in the left pre/SMA region, and in the insula/inferior frontal cortex bilaterally to reflect a differential recruitment of lexico-phonological and/or semantic processes. In contrast, we considered two interpretations for the greater deactivation in the precuneus for both lexical frequency and syllable-color congruency words, and in the thalami and a frontal area for syllable-color congruency words only. The deactivations may reflect the differential engagement of semantic processing or may result from the differential allocation of attentional resources. Importantly, while a differential deactivation pattern was observed in the precuneus region for lexicality and syllable-color congruency, BOLD deconvolution revealed a remarkable difference in timing of the two effects with a much earlier deactivation peak for the syllable-color congruency factor. Thus, effects of lexical frequency and syllable-color congruency on brain activation show an important dissociation between lexical and sublexical processes during visual word recognition of multisyllabic words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Carreiras
- Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia, Spain.
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47
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Nowicka A, Jednoróg K, Marchewka A, Brechmann A. Successfully overcoming the inhibitory impact of the “forget” instruction: A voxel-based morphometric study of directed forgetting. Psychophysiology 2009; 46:1108-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00839.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Zaunmüller L, Domahs F, Dressel K, Lonnemann J, Klein E, Ischebeck A, Willmes K. Rehabilitation of arithmetic fact retrieval via extensive practice: A combined fMRI and behavioural case-study. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2009; 19:422-43. [DOI: 10.1080/09602010802296378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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49
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Mason RA, Just MA. The Role of the Theory-of-Mind Cortical Network in the Comprehension of Narratives. LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS COMPASS 2009; 3:157-174. [PMID: 19809575 PMCID: PMC2756681 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-818x.2008.00122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Narrative comprehension rests on the ability to understand the intentions and perceptions of various agents in a story who interact with respect to some goal or problem. Reasoning about the state of mind of another person, real or fictional, has been referred to as Theory of Mind processing. While Theory of Mind Processing was first postulated prior to the existence of neuroimaging research, fMRI studies make it possible to characterize this processing in some detail. We propose that narrative comprehension makes use of some of the neural substrate of Theory of Mind reasoning, evoking what is referred to as a protagonist perspective network. The main cortical components of this protagonist-based network are the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and the right temporo-parietal junction. The article discusses how these two cortical centers interact in narrative comprehension but still play distinguishable roles, and how the interaction between the two centers is disrupted in individuals with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Mason
- Center for Cognitive Brain Imaging, Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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50
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Blondin F, Lepage M. An fMRI study on memory discriminability for complex visual scenes. Hum Brain Mapp 2008; 29:1159-69. [PMID: 17894398 PMCID: PMC6870850 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The fan effect represents an increase in reaction time for the recognition of an item as a function of the amount of information associated with that item in memory. The present study used fMRI to study the neural correlates of the fan effect for complex visual scenes. We used a test in which landscape pictures were divided vertically into three equal segments. In the high discriminability condition only one segment was presented during encoding, whereas in the low discriminability condition two different segments from the same picture were presented. During a subsequent forced-choice recognition test, reaction times were significantly faster for the high discriminability condition. Increase in brain activity for the low relative to high discriminability condition was observed in the right prefrontal cortex, several regions of parietal cortex bilaterally, and several late visual processing areas, including the occipito-temporal regions, precuneus, and cuneus. These results support the hypothesis that a region of the prefrontal cortex is involved in the control of memory interference at retrieval elicited by the amount of related information in memory, and further suggests that this involvement is right-lateralized for nonverbal material. The high versus low discriminability contrast showed an increase in activity principally in the bilateral medial temporal gyrus, including the enthorinal cortex/hippocampus and in several bilateral prefrontal cortex regions mostly located in BA 10. These activations were associated with a condition, in which the stimuli were more salient in memory and thus could represent the perceptual salience of items in memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Blondin
- Brain Imaging Group, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Lepage
- Brain Imaging Group, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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