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Wang X, Niu X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Yang C, Chen X, Qi Z. C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 pathway as a therapeutic target and regulatory mechanism for spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:2231-2244. [PMID: 39104168 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury involves non-reversible damage to the central nervous system that is characterized by limited regenerative capacity and secondary inflammatory damage. The expression of the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis exhibits significant differences before and after injury. Recent studies have revealed that the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis is closely associated with secondary inflammatory responses and the recruitment of immune cells following spinal cord injury, suggesting that this axis is a novel target and regulatory control point for treatment. This review comprehensively examines the therapeutic strategies targeting the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis, along with the regenerative and repair mechanisms linking the axis to spinal cord injury. Additionally, we summarize the upstream and downstream inflammatory signaling pathways associated with spinal cord injury and the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis. This review primarily elaborates on therapeutic strategies that target the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis and the latest progress of research on antagonistic drugs, along with the approaches used to exploit new therapeutic targets within the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis and the development of targeted drugs. Nevertheless, there are presently no clinical studies relating to spinal cord injury that are focusing on the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis. This review aims to provide new ideas and therapeutic strategies for the future treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzi Wang
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaofei Niu
- Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingkai Wang
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Characteristic Medical Center of People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuyi Chen
- Characteristic Medical Center of People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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2
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Zhang G, Yao Q, Long C, Yi P, Song J, Wu L, Wan W, Rao X, Lin Y, Wei G, Ying J, Hua F. Infiltration by monocytes of the central nervous system and its role in multiple sclerosis: reflections on therapeutic strategies. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:779-793. [PMID: 38886942 PMCID: PMC11433895 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Mononuclear macrophage infiltration in the central nervous system is a prominent feature of neuroinflammation. Recent studies on the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis have highlighted the multiple roles of mononuclear macrophages in the neuroinflammatory process. Monocytes play a significant role in neuroinflammation, and managing neuroinflammation by manipulating peripheral monocytes stands out as an effective strategy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, leading to improved patient outcomes. This review outlines the steps involved in the entry of myeloid monocytes into the central nervous system that are targets for effective intervention: the activation of bone marrow hematopoiesis, migration of monocytes in the blood, and penetration of the blood-brain barrier by monocytes. Finally, we summarize the different monocyte subpopulations and their effects on the central nervous system based on phenotypic differences. As activated microglia resemble monocyte-derived macrophages, it is important to accurately identify the role of monocyte-derived macrophages in disease. Depending on the roles played by monocyte-derived macrophages at different stages of the disease, several of these processes can be interrupted to limit neuroinflammation and improve patient prognosis. Here, we discuss possible strategies to target monocytes in neurological diseases, focusing on three key aspects of monocyte infiltration into the central nervous system, to provide new ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chubing Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Pengcheng Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jiali Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Luojia Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiuqin Rao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Gen Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Hall CK, Barr OM, Delamare A, Burkholder A, Tsai A, Tian Y, Felix E Ellett, Li BM, Tanzi RE, Jorfi M. Profiling migration of human monocytes in response to chemotactic and barotactic guidance cues. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100846. [PMID: 39241776 PMCID: PMC11440068 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Monocytes are critical to innate immunity, participating in chemotaxis during tissue injury, infection, and inflammatory conditions. However, the migration dynamics of human monocytes under different guidance cues are not well characterized. Here, we developed a microfluidic device to profile the migration characteristics of human monocytes under chemotactic and barotactic guidance cues while also assessing the effects of age and cytokine stimulation. Human monocytes preferentially migrated toward the CCL2 gradient through confined microchannels, regardless of donor age and migration pathway. Stimulation with interferon (IFN)-γ, but not granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), disrupted monocyte navigation through complex paths and decreased monocyte CCL2 chemotaxis, velocity, and CCR2 expression. Additionally, monocytes exhibited a bias toward low-hydraulic-resistance pathways in asymmetric environments, which remained consistent across donor ages, cytokine stimulation, and chemoattractants. This microfluidic system provides insights into the unique migratory behaviors of human monocytes and is a valuable tool for studying peripheral immune cell migration in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare K Hall
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Olivia M Barr
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Antoine Delamare
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Alex Burkholder
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Alice Tsai
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yuyao Tian
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Felix E Ellett
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent M Li
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mehdi Jorfi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Thierry GR, Baudon EM, Bijnen M, Bellomo A, Lagueyrie M, Mondor I, Simonnet L, Carrette F, Fenouil R, Keshvari S, Hume DA, Dombrowicz D, Bajenoff M. Non-classical monocytes scavenge the growth factor CSF1 from endothelial cells in the peripheral vascular tree to ensure survival and homeostasis. Immunity 2024; 57:2108-2121.e6. [PMID: 39089257 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Unlike sessile macrophages that occupy specialized tissue niches, non-classical monocytes (NCMs)-circulating phagocytes that patrol and cleanse the luminal surface of the vascular tree-are characterized by constant movement. Here, we examined the nature of the NCM's nurturing niche. Expression of the growth factor CSF1 on endothelial cells was required for survival of NCMs in the bloodstream. Lack of endothelial-derived CSF1 did not affect blood CSF1 concentration, suggesting that NCMs rely on scavenging CSF1 present on endothelial cells. Deletion of the transmembrane chemokine and adhesion factor CX3CL1 on endothelial cells impaired NCM survival. Mechanistically, endothelial-derived CX3CL1 and integrin subunit alpha L (ITGAL) facilitated the uptake of CSF1 by NCMs. CSF1 was produced by all tissular endothelial cells, and deletion of Csf1 in all endothelial cells except bone marrow sinusoids impaired NCM survival, arguing for a model where the full vascular tree acts as a niche for NCMs and where survival and patrolling function are connected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem R Thierry
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Elisa M Baudon
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Mitchell Bijnen
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Alicia Bellomo
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Marine Lagueyrie
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Mondor
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Louise Simonnet
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Florent Carrette
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Romain Fenouil
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - David Dombrowicz
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Marc Bajenoff
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France.
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5
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Vinnakota JM, Biavasco F, Schwabenland M, Chhatbar C, Adams RC, Erny D, Duquesne S, El Khawanky N, Schmidt D, Fetsch V, Zähringer A, Salié H, Athanassopoulos D, Braun LM, Javorniczky NR, Ho JNHG, Kierdorf K, Marks R, Wäsch R, Simonetta F, Andrieux G, Pfeifer D, Monaco G, Capitini C, Fry TJ, Blank T, Blazar BR, Wagner E, Theobald M, Sommer C, Stelljes M, Reicherts C, Jeibmann A, Schittenhelm J, Monoranu CM, Rosenwald A, Kortüm M, Rasche L, Einsele H, Meyer PT, Brumberg J, Völkl S, Mackensen A, Coras R, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Albert NL, Bartos LM, Brendel M, Holzgreve A, Mack M, Boerries M, Mackall CL, Duyster J, Henneke P, Priller J, Köhler N, Strübing F, Bengsch B, Ruella M, Subklewe M, von Baumgarten L, Gill S, Prinz M, Zeiser R. Targeting TGFβ-activated kinase-1 activation in microglia reduces CAR T immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:1227-1249. [PMID: 38741011 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00764-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells can cause immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). However, the molecular mechanisms leading to ICANS are not well understood. Here we examined the role of microglia using mouse models and cohorts of individuals with ICANS. CD19-directed CAR (CAR19) T cell transfer in B cell lymphoma-bearing mice caused microglia activation and neurocognitive deficits. The TGFβ-activated kinase-1 (TAK1)-NF-κB-p38 MAPK pathway was activated in microglia after CAR19 T cell transfer. Pharmacological TAK1 inhibition or genetic Tak1 deletion in microglia using Cx3cr1CreER:Tak1fl/fl mice resulted in reduced microglia activation and improved neurocognitive activity. TAK1 inhibition allowed for potent CAR19-induced antilymphoma effects. Individuals with ICANS exhibited microglia activation in vivo when studied by translocator protein positron emission tomography, and imaging mass cytometry revealed a shift from resting to activated microglia. In summary, we prove a role for microglia in ICANS pathophysiology, identify the TAK1-NF-κB-p38 MAPK axis as a pathogenic signaling pathway and provide a rationale to test TAK1 inhibition in a clinical trial for ICANS prevention after CAR19 T cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaki Manoja Vinnakota
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francesca Biavasco
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marius Schwabenland
- Institute for Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chintan Chhatbar
- Institute for Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rachael C Adams
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Erny
- Institute for Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Duquesne
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadia El Khawanky
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Schmidt
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Viktor Fetsch
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Zähringer
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Henrike Salié
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Athanassopoulos
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas M Braun
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nora R Javorniczky
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jenny N H G Ho
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Kierdorf
- Institute for Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Marks
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Wäsch
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Division of Hematology, Geneva University Hospitals Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gianni Monaco
- Institute for Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Single-Cell Omics Platform Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Capitini
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Terry J Fry
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado and Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Blank
- Institute for Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eva Wagner
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Theobald
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Clemens Sommer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Stelljes
- Department of Medicine/Hematology and Oncology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Reicherts
- Department of Medicine/Hematology and Oncology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Astrid Jeibmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Kortüm
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Leo Rasche
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp T Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Brumberg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Völkl
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Coras
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Department of Medicine III, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie L Albert
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura M Bartos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Adrien Holzgreve
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Psychiatry, Technischen Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Natalie Köhler
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix Strübing
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Ruella
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marion Subklewe
- Department of Medicine III, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Louisa von Baumgarten
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Saar Gill
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute for Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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6
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Vinnakota JM, Adams RC, Athanassopoulos D, Schmidt D, Biavasco F, Zähringer A, Erny D, Schwabenland M, Langenbach M, Wenger V, Salié H, Cook J, Mossad O, Andrieux G, Dersch R, Rauer S, Duquesne S, Monaco G, Wolf P, Blank T, Häne P, Greter M, Becher B, Henneke P, Pfeifer D, Blazar BR, Duyster J, Boerries M, Köhler N, Chhatbar CM, Bengsch B, Prinz M, Zeiser R. Anti-PD-1 cancer immunotherapy induces central nervous system immune-related adverse events by microglia activation. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadj9672. [PMID: 38865481 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adj9672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Cancer treatment with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy can cause central nervous system immune-related adverse events (CNS-irAEs). The role of microglia in anti-PD-1 immunotherapy-induced CNS-irAEs is unclear. We found that anti-PD-1 treatment of mice caused morphological signs of activation and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II up-regulation on microglia. Functionally, anti-PD-1 treatment induced neurocognitive deficits in mice, independent of T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. Instead, we found that microglia mediated these CNS-irAEs. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed major transcriptional changes in microglia upon anti-PD-1 treatment. The anti-PD-1 effects were mediated by anti-PD-1 antibodies interacting directly with microglia and were not secondary to peripheral T cell activation. Using a proteomics approach, we identified spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) as a potential target in activated microglia upon anti-PD-1 treatment. Syk inhibition reduced microglia activation and improved neurocognitive function without impairing anti-melanoma effects. Moreover, we analyzed CNS tissue from a patient cohort that had received anti-PD-1 treatment. Imaging mass cytometry revealed that anti-PD-1 treatment of patients was associated with increased surface marker expression indicative of microglia activation. In summary, we identified a disease-promoting role for microglia in CNS-irAEs driven by Syk and provide an inhibitor-based approach to interfere with this complication after anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaki Manoja Vinnakota
- Department of Medicine I-Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rachael C Adams
- Department of Medicine I-Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, 4006 Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 4072 Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dimitrios Athanassopoulos
- Department of Medicine I-Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Schmidt
- Department of Medicine I-Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francesca Biavasco
- Department of Medicine I-Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Zähringer
- Department of Medicine I-Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Erny
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marius Schwabenland
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Langenbach
- Department of Medicine I-Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Wenger
- Department of Medicine I-Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Henrike Salié
- Department of Medicine II-Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - James Cook
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Omar Mossad
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rick Dersch
- Clinic of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rauer
- Clinic of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Duquesne
- Department of Medicine I-Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gianni Monaco
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Single-Cell Omics Platform Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Phillipp Wolf
- Department of Medicine I-Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Blank
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Häne
- Institute of Experimental Immunology at the University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology at the University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology at the University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency and Center for Pediatrics, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Center for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Medicine I-Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Medicine I-Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, a partnership between DKFZ and Medical Center - University of Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Köhler
- Department of Medicine I-Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Center for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chintan M Chhatbar
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Medicine II-Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Center for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Center for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Neuro Modulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I-Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Center for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, a partnership between DKFZ and Medical Center - University of Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Campo Garcia J, Bueno RJ, Salla M, Martorell-Serra I, Seeger B, Akbari N, Sperber P, Stachelscheid H, Infante-Duarte C, Paul F, Starossom SC. Establishment of a high-content compatible platform to assess effects of monocyte-derived factors on neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12167. [PMID: 38806485 PMCID: PMC11133477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
During neuroinflammation, monocytes that infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) may contribute to regenerative processes depending on their activation status. However, the extent and mechanisms of monocyte-induced CNS repair in patients with neuroinflammatory diseases remain largely unknown, partly due to the lack of a fully human assay platform that can recapitulate monocyte-neural stem cell interactions within the CNS microenvironment. We therefore developed a human model system to assess the impact of monocytic factors on neural stem cells, establishing a high-content compatible assay for screening monocyte-induced neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. The model combined monocytes isolated from healthy donors and human embryonic stem cell derived neural stem cells and integrated both cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic properties. We identified CNS-mimicking culture media options that induced a monocytic phenotype resembling CNS infiltrating monocytes, while allowing adequate monocyte survival. Monocyte-induced proliferation, gliogenic fate and neurogenic fate of neural stem cells were affected by the conditions of monocytic priming and basal neural stem cell culture as extrinsic factors as well as the neural stem cell passage number as an intrinsic neural stem cell property. We developed a high-content compatible human in vitro assay for the integrated analysis of monocyte-derived factors on CNS repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Campo Garcia
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Roemel Jeusep Bueno
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faculty of Life Sciences, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Salla
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivette Martorell-Serra
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bibiane Seeger
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nilufar Akbari
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pia Sperber
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Stachelscheid
- Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sarah C Starossom
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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8
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Sommer K, Garibagaoglu H, Paap EM, Wiendl M, Müller TM, Atreya I, Krönke G, Neurath MF, Zundler S. Discrepant Phenotyping of Monocytes Based on CX3CR1 and CCR2 Using Fluorescent Reporters and Antibodies. Cells 2024; 13:819. [PMID: 38786041 PMCID: PMC11119841 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Monocytes, as well as downstream macrophages and dendritic cells, are essential players in the immune system, fulfilling key roles in homeostasis as well as in inflammatory conditions. Conventionally, driven by studies on reporter models, mouse monocytes are categorized into a classical and a non-classical subset based on their inversely correlated surface expression of Ly6C/CCR2 and CX3CR1. Here, we aimed to challenge this concept by antibody staining and reporter mouse models. Therefore, we took advantage of Cx3cr1GFP and Ccr2RFP reporter mice, in which the respective gene was replaced by a fluorescent reporter protein gene. We analyzed the expression of CX3CR1 and CCR2 by flow cytometry using several validated fluorochrome-coupled antibodies and compared them with the reporter gene signal in these reporter mouse strains. Although we were able to validate the specificity of the fluorochrome-coupled flow cytometry antibodies, mouse Ly6Chigh classical and Ly6Clow non-classical monocytes showed no differences in CX3CR1 expression levels in the peripheral blood and spleen when stained with these antibodies. On the contrary, in Cx3cr1GFP reporter mice, we were able to reproduce the inverse correlation of the CX3CR1 reporter gene signal and Ly6C surface expression. Furthermore, differential CCR2 surface expression correlating with the expression of Ly6C was observed by antibody staining, but not in Ccr2RFP reporter mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that phenotyping strategies for mouse monocyte subsets should be carefully selected. In accordance with the literature, the suitability of CX3CR1 antibody staining is limited, whereas for CCR2, caution should be applied when using reporter mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sommer
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
| | - Hilal Garibagaoglu
- Department of Medicine 3, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Eva-Maria Paap
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
| | - Maximilian Wiendl
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
| | - Tanja M. Müller
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
- Medical Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.S.); (E.-M.P.); (T.M.M.); (I.A.); (G.K.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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9
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Jiang Q, Duan J, Van Kaer L, Yang G. The Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Model. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1329-1343. [PMID: 37307825 PMCID: PMC11081146 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a heterogeneous cell population that consists of mostly immature myeloid cells, are immunoregulatory cells mainly characterized by their suppressive functions. Emerging findings have revealed the involvement of MDSCs in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). MS is an autoimmune and degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination, axon loss, and inflammation. Studies have reported accumulation of MDSCs in inflamed tissues and lymphoid organs of MS patients and EAE mice, and these cells display dual functions in EAE. However, the contribution of MDSCs to MS/EAE pathogenesis remains unclear. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of MDSC subsets and their possible roles in MS/EAE pathogenesis. We also discuss the potential utility and associated obstacles in employing MDSCs as biomarkers and cell-based therapies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianling Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jielin Duan
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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10
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Miyagawa F, Ozato K, Tagaya Y, Asada H. Type I IFN Derived from Ly6C hi Monocytes Suppresses Type 2 Inflammation in a Murine Model of Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:520-530.e2. [PMID: 37739337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The roles of innate immune cells, including eosinophils, basophils, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells, in atopic dermatitis (AD) have been well-documented, whereas that of monocytes, another component of the innate immunity, remains rather poorly understood, thus necessitating the topic of this study. In addition, cytokines and cellular pathways needed for the resolution of type 2 inflammation in AD need further investigation. Using a murine AD model, we report here that (i) Ly6Chi monocytes were rapidly recruited to the AD lesion in a CCR2-dependent manner, blockade of which exacerbated AD; (ii) type I IFN production is profoundly involved in this suppression because the blockade of it by genetic depletion or antibody neutralization exacerbated AD; and (iii) Ly6Chi monocytes operate through the production of type I IFN because Ly6Chi monocytes from Irf7-null mice, which lack type I IFN production, failed to rescue Ccr2-/- mice from severe AD upon adoptive transfer. In addition, in vitro studies demonstrated type I IFN suppressed basophil expansion from bone marrow progenitor cells and survival of mature basophils. Collectively, our work suggests that Ly6Chi monocytes are the first and dominant inflammatory cells reaching AD lesions that negatively regulate type 2 inflammation through the production of type I IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Miyagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan.
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Cell Biology Lab, Division of Virology, Pathogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hideo Asada
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
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11
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Dalmau Gasull A, Glavan M, Samawar SKR, Kapupara K, Kelk J, Rubio M, Fumagalli S, Sorokin L, Vivien D, Prinz M. The niche matters: origin, function and fate of CNS-associated macrophages during health and disease. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:37. [PMID: 38347231 PMCID: PMC10861620 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
There are several cellular and acellular structural barriers associated with the brain interfaces, which include the dura, the leptomeninges, the perivascular space and the choroid plexus epithelium. Each structure is enriched by distinct myeloid populations, which mainly originate from erythromyeloid precursors (EMP) in the embryonic yolk sac and seed the CNS during embryogenesis. However, depending on the precise microanatomical environment, resident myeloid cells differ in their marker profile, turnover and the extent to which they can be replenished by blood-derived cells. While some EMP-derived cells seed the parenchyma to become microglia, others engraft the meninges and become CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs), also referred to as border-associated macrophages (BAMs), e.g., leptomeningeal macrophages (MnMΦ). Recent data revealed that MnMΦ migrate into perivascular spaces postnatally where they differentiate into perivascular macrophages (PvMΦ). Under homeostatic conditions in pathogen-free mice, there is virtually no contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to MnMΦ and PvMΦ, but rather to macrophages of the choroid plexus and dura. In neuropathological conditions in which the blood-brain barrier is compromised, however, an influx of bone marrow-derived cells into the CNS can occur, potentially contributing to the pool of CNS myeloid cells. Simultaneously, resident CAMs may also proliferate and undergo transcriptional and proteomic changes, thereby, contributing to the disease outcome. Thus, both resident and infiltrating myeloid cells together act within their microenvironmental niche, but both populations play crucial roles in the overall disease course. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the sources and fates of resident CAMs in health and disease, and the role of the microenvironment in influencing their maintenance and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Dalmau Gasull
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Martina Glavan
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000, Caen, France
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Sai K Reddy Samawar
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CIMIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kishan Kapupara
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CIMIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Joe Kelk
- Laboratory of Stroke and Vascular Dysfunctions, Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Rubio
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000, Caen, France
| | - Stefano Fumagalli
- Laboratory of Stroke and Vascular Dysfunctions, Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Lydia Sorokin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CIMIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000, Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, CHU, Avenue de La Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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12
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Wang L, Xia R, Li X, Shan J, Wang S. Systemic inflammation response index is a useful indicator in distinguishing MOGAD from AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1293100. [PMID: 38259484 PMCID: PMC10800877 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1293100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify reliable immune-inflammation indicators for distinguishing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) from anti-aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG)-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). To assess these indicators' predictive significance in MOGAD recurrence. Methods This study included 25 MOGAD patients, 60 AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD patients, and 60 healthy controls (HCs). Age and gender were matched among these three groups. Participant clinical and imaging findings, expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) information, and blood cell counts were documented. Subsequently, immune-inflammation indicators were calculated and compared among the MOGAD, AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD, and HC groups. Furthermore, we employed ROC curve analysis to assess the predictive performance of each indicator and binary logistic regression analysis to assess potential risk factors. Results In MOGAD patients, systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), CSF white cell count (WCC), and CSF immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels were significantly higher than in AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD patients (p = 0.038, p = 0.039, p = 0.021, respectively). The ROC curves showed that SIRI had a sensitivity of 0.68 and a specificity of 0.7 for distinguishing MOGAD from AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD, with an AUC of 0.692 (95% CI: 0.567-0.818, p = 0.0054). Additionally, compared to HCs, both MOGAD and AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD patients had higher neutrophils, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), SIRI, and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). Eight (32%) of the 25 MOGAD patients had recurrence within 12 months. We found that the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR, AUC = 0.805, 95% CI = 0.616-0.994, cut-off value = 0.200, sensitivity = 0.750, specificity = 0.882) was an effective predictor of MOGAD recurrence. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that MLR below 0.200 at first admission was the only risk factor for recurrence (p = 0.005, odds ratio =22.5, 95% CI: 2.552-198.376). Conclusion Elevated SIRI aids in distinguishing MOGAD from AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD; lower MLR levels may be linked to the risk of MOGAD recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jingli Shan
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Nematullah M, Fatma M, Rashid F, Ayasolla K, Ahmed ME, Mir S, Zahoor I, Rattan R, Giri S. Immuno-Responsive Gene-1: A mitochondrial gene regulates pathogenic Th17 in CNS autoimmunity mouse model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.24.573264. [PMID: 38234838 PMCID: PMC10793427 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.24.573264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic Th17 cells are crucial to CNS autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), though their control by endogenous mechanisms is unknown. RNAseq analysis of brain glial cells identified immuno-responsive gene 1 (Irg1), a mitochondrial-related enzyme-coding gene, as one of the highly upregulated gene under inflammatory conditions which were further validated in the spinal cord of animals with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. Moreover, Irg1 mRNA and protein levels in myeloid, CD4, and B cells were higher in the EAE group, raising questions about its function in CNS autoimmunity. We observed that Irg1 knockout (KO) mice exhibited severe EAE disease and greater mononuclear cell infiltration, including triple-positive CD4 cells expressing IL17a, GM-CSF, and IFNγ. Lack of Irg1 in macrophages led to higher levels of Class II expression and polarized myelin primed CD4 cells into pathogenic Th17 cells through the NLRP3/IL1β axis. Our findings show that Irg1 in macrophages plays an important role in the formation of pathogenic Th17 cells, emphasizing its potential as a therapy for autoimmune diseases, including MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nematullah
- Department of Neurology, Department of Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, E&R Building, Room 4051, Detroit, USA
| | - Mena Fatma
- Department of Neurology, Department of Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, E&R Building, Room 4051, Detroit, USA
| | - Faraz Rashid
- Department of Neurology, Department of Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, E&R Building, Room 4051, Detroit, USA
| | - Kameshwar Ayasolla
- Department of Neurology, Department of Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, E&R Building, Room 4051, Detroit, USA
| | - Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, Department of Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, E&R Building, Room 4051, Detroit, USA
| | - Sajad Mir
- Department of Neurology, Department of Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, E&R Building, Room 4051, Detroit, USA
| | - Insha Zahoor
- Department of Neurology, Department of Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, E&R Building, Room 4051, Detroit, USA
| | - Ramandeep Rattan
- Division of Gynaecology Oncology, Department of Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, E&R Building, Room 4051, Detroit, USA
| | - Shailendra Giri
- Department of Neurology, Department of Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, E&R Building, Room 4051, Detroit, USA
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14
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Cook ME, Shchukina I, Lin CC, Bradstreet TR, Schwarzkopf EA, Jarjour NN, Webber AM, Zaitsev K, Artyomov MN, Edelson BT. BHLHE40 Mediates Cross-Talk between Pathogenic TH17 Cells and Myeloid Cells during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:737-746. [PMID: 37934060 PMCID: PMC10695412 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TH17 cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We previously reported that the transcription factor basic helix-loop-helix family member e40 (BHLHE40) marks cytokine-producing pathogenic TH cells during EAE, and that its expression in T cells is required for clinical disease. In this study, using dual reporter mice, we show BHLHE40 expression within TH1/17 and ex-TH17 cells following EAE induction. Il17a-Cre-mediated deletion of BHLHE40 in TH cells led to less severe EAE with reduced TH cell cytokine production. Characterization of the leukocytes in the CNS during EAE by single-cell RNA sequencing identified differences in the infiltrating myeloid cells when BHLHE40 was present or absent in TH17 cells. Our studies highlight the importance of BHLHE40 in promoting TH17 cell encephalitogenicity and instructing myeloid cell responses during active EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E. Cook
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Irina Shchukina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tara R. Bradstreet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Nicholas N. Jarjour
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ashlee M. Webber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Konstantin Zaitsev
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Maxim N. Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Brian T. Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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15
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Diebold M, Fehrenbacher L, Frosch M, Prinz M. How myeloid cells shape experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: At the crossroads of outside-in immunity. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250234. [PMID: 37505465 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity. It is most commonly used to mimic aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating disorder of the human brain and spinal cord. The innate immune response displays one of the core pathophysiological features linked to both the acute and chronic stages of MS. Hence, understanding and targeting the innate immune response is essential. Microglia and other CNS resident MUs, as well as infiltrating myeloid cells, diverge substantially in terms of both their biology and their roles in EAE. Recent advances in the field show that antigen presentation, as well as disease-propagating and regulatory interactions with lymphocytes, can be attributed to specific myeloid cell types and cell states in EAE lesions, following a distinct temporal pattern during disease initiation, propagation and recovery. Furthermore, single-cell techniques enable the assessment of characteristic proinflammatory as well as beneficial cell states, and identification of potential treatment targets. Here, we discuss the principles of EAE induction and protocols for varying experimental paradigms, the composition of the myeloid compartment of the CNS during health and disease, and systematically review effects on myeloid cells for therapeutic approaches in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Diebold
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luca Fehrenbacher
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Frosch
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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16
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Shao S, Chen C, Shi G, Zhou Y, Wei Y, Wu L, Sun L, Zhang T. JAK inhibition ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by blocking GM-CSF-driven inflammatory signature of monocytes. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4185-4201. [PMID: 37799385 PMCID: PMC10547959 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are key effectors in autoimmunity-related diseases in the central nervous system (CNS) due to the critical roles of these cells in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, differentiation of T-helper (Th) cells, and antigen presentation. The JAK-STAT signaling is crucial for initiating monocytes induced immune responses by relaying cytokines signaling. However, the role of this pathway in modulating the communication between monocytes and Th cells in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is unclear. Here, we show that the JAK1/2/3 and STAT1/3/5/6 subtypes involved in the demyelination mediated by the differentiation of pathological Th1 and Th17 and the CNS-infiltrating inflammatory monocytes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for MS. JAK inhibition prevented the CNS-infiltrating CCR2-dependent Ly6Chi monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells in EAE mice. In parallel, the proportion of GM-CSF+CD4+ T cells and GM-CSF secretion were decreased in pathological Th17 cells by JAK inhibition, which in turns converted CNS-invading monocytes into antigen-presenting cells to mediate tissue damage. Together, our data highlight the therapeutic potential of JAK inhibition in treating EAE by blocking the GM-CSF-driven inflammatory signature of monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gaona Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yazi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tiantai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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17
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Belousova O, Lopatina A, Kuzmina U, Melnikov M. The role of biogenic amines in the modulation of monocytes in autoimmune neuroinflammation. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 78:104920. [PMID: 37536214 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with autoimmune mechanism of development. The study of the neuroimmune interactions is one of the most developing directions in the research of the pathogenesis of MS. The influence of biogenic amines on the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and MS was shown by the modulation of subsets of T-helper cells and B-cells, which plays a crucial role in the autoimmunity of the CNS. However, along with T- and B-cells the critical involvement of mononuclear phagocytes such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes in the development of neuroinflammation also was shown. It was demonstrated that the activation of microglial cells (resident macrophages of the CNS) could initiate the neuroinflammation in the EAE, suggesting their role at an early stage of the disease. In contrast, monocytes, which migrate from the periphery into the CNS through the blood-brain barrier, mediate the effector phase of the disease and cause neurological disability in EAE. In addition, the clinical efficacy of the therapy with depletion of the monocytes in EAE was shown, suggesting their crucial role in the autoimmunity of the CNS. Biogenic amines, such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin are direct mediators of the neuroimmune interaction and may affect the pathogenesis of EAE and MS by modulating the immune cell activity and cytokine production. The anti-inflammatory effect of targeting the biogenic amines receptors on the pathogenesis of EAE and MS by suppression of Th17- and Th1-cells, which are critical for the CNS autoimmunity, was shown. However, the latest data showed the potential ability of biogenic amines to affect the functions of the mononuclear phagocytes and their involvement in the modulation of neuroinflammation. This article reviews the literature data on the role of monocytes in the pathogenesis of EAE and MS. The data on the effect of targeting of biogenic amine receptors on the function of monocytes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Belousova
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Lopatina
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ulyana Kuzmina
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Immunology, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Science, Ufa, Russia
| | - Mikhail Melnikov
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
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18
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Ye F, Yang J, Holste KG, Koduri S, Hua Y, Keep RF, Garton HJL, Xi G. Characteristics of activation of monocyte-derived macrophages versus microglia after mouse experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1475-1489. [PMID: 37113078 PMCID: PMC10414013 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231173187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Both monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and brain resident microglia participate in hematoma resolution after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Here, we utilized a transgenic mouse line with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) labeled microglia (Tmem119-EGFP mice) combined with a F4/80 immunohistochemistry (a pan-macrophage marker) to visualize changes in MDMs and microglia after ICH. A murine model of ICH was used in which autologous blood was stereotactically injected into the right basal ganglia. The autologous blood was co-injected with CD47 blocking antibodies to enhance phagocytosis or clodronate liposomes for phagocyte depletion. In addition, Tmem119-EGFP mice were injected with the blood components peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) or thrombin. MDMs entered the brain and formed a peri-hematoma cell layer by day 3 after ICH and giant phagocytes engulfed red blood cells were found. CD47 blocking antibody increased the number of MDMs around and inside the hematoma and extended MDM phagocytic activity to day 7. Both MDMs and microglia could be diminished by clodronate liposomes. Intracerebral injection of Prx2 but not thrombin attracted MDMs into brain parenchyma. In conclusion, MDMs play an important role in phagocytosis after ICH which can be enhanced by CD47 blocking antibody, suggesting the modulation of MDMs after ICH could be a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghui Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jinting Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Sravanthi Koduri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ya Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hugh JL Garton
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guohua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Liang SQ, Li PH, Hu YY, Zhao JL, Shao FZ, Kuang F, Ren KX, Wei TX, Fan F, Feng L, Han H, Qin HY. Myeloid-specific blockade of notch signaling alleviates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease by dominantly regulating resident microglia activation through NF-κB signaling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1193081. [PMID: 37680624 PMCID: PMC10481959 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1193081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Yolk sac-derived microglia and peripheral monocyte-derived macrophages play a key role during Parkinson's disease (PD) progression. However, the regulatory mechanism of microglia/macrophage activation and function in PD pathogenesis remains unclear. Recombination signal-binding protein Jκ (RBP-J)-mediated Notch signaling regulates macrophage development and activation. In this study, with an 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) hydrochloride-induced acute murine PD model, we found that Notch signaling was activated in amoeboid microglia accompanied by a decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons. Furthermore, using myeloid-specific RBP-J knockout (RBP-JcKO) mice combined with a PD model, our results showed that myeloid-specific disruption of RBP-J alleviated dopaminergic neurodegeneration and improved locomotor activity. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis showed that the number of infiltrated inflammatory macrophages and activated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II+ microglia decreased in RBP-JcKO mice compared with control mice. Moreover, to block monocyte recruitment by using chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) knockout mice, the effect of RBP-J deficiency on dopaminergic neurodegeneration was not affected, indicating that Notch signaling might regulate neuroinflammation independent of CCR2+ monocyte infiltration. Notably, when microglia were depleted with the PLX5622 formulated diet, we found that myeloid-specific RBP-J knockout resulted in more TH+ neurons and fewer activated microglia. Ex vitro experiments demonstrated that RBP-J deficiency in microglia might reduce inflammatory factor secretion, TH+ neuron apoptosis, and p65 nuclear translocation. Collectively, our study first revealed that RBP-J-mediated Notch signaling might participate in PD progression by mainly regulating microglia activation through nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peng-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yi-Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jun-Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fang-Ze Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fang Kuang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kai-Xi Ren
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tiao-Xia Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hong-Yan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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20
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Alakhras NS, Kaplan MH. Dendritic Cells as a Nexus for the Development of Multiple Sclerosis and Models of Disease. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023:e2300073. [PMID: 37133870 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) results from an autoimmune attack on the central nervous system (CNS). Dysregulated immune cells invade the CNS, causing demyelination, neuronal and axonal damage, and subsequent neurological disorders. Although antigen-specific T cells mediate the immunopathology of MS, innate myeloid cells have essential contributions to CNS tissue damage. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that promote inflammation and modulate adaptive immune responses. This review focuses on DCs as critical components of CNS inflammation. Here, evidence from studies is summarized with animal models of MS and MS patients that support the critical role of DCs in orchestrating CNS inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada S Alakhras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, MS420, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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β-Adrenoceptor Blockade Moderates Neuroinflammation in Male and Female EAE Rats and Abrogates Sexual Dimorphisms in the Major Neuroinflammatory Pathways by Being More Efficient in Males. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:1237-1265. [PMID: 35798933 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed more severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in male compared with female adult rats, and moderating effect of propranolol-induced β-adrenoceptor blockade on EAE in females, the effect associated with transcriptional stimulation of Nrf2/HO-1 axis in spinal cord microglia. This study examined putative sexual dimorphism in propranolol action on EAE severity. Propranolol treatment beginning from the onset of clinical EAE mitigated EAE severity in rats of both sexes, but to a greater extent in males exhibiting higher noradrenaline levels and myeloid cell β2-adrenoceptor expression in spinal cord. This correlated with more prominent stimulatory effects of propranolol not only on CX3CL1/CX3CR1/Nrf2/HO-1 cascade, but also on Stat3/Socs3 signaling axis in spinal cord microglia/myeloid cells (mirrored in the decreased Stat3 and the increased Socs3 expression) from male rats compared with their female counterparts. Propranolol diminished the frequency of activated cells among microglia, increased their phagocyting/endocyting capacity, and shifted cytokine secretory profile of microglia/blood-borne myeloid cells towards an anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective phenotype. Additionally, it downregulated the expression of chemokines (CCL2, CCL19/21) driving T-cell/monocyte trafficking into spinal cord. Consequently, in propranolol-treated rats fewer activated CD4+ T cells and IL-17+ T cells, including CD4+IL17+ cells coexpressing IFN-γ/GM-CSF, were recovered from spinal cord of propranolol-treated rats compared with sex-matched saline-injected controls. All the effects of propranolol were more prominent in males. The study as a whole disclosed that sexual dimorphism in multiple molecular mechanisms implicated in EAE development may be responsible for greater severity of EAE in male rats and sexually dimorphic action of substances affecting them. Propranolol moderated EAE severity more effectively in male rats, exhibiting greater spinal cord noradrenaline (NA) levels and myeloid cell β2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR) expression than females. Propranolol affected CX3CR1/Nrf2/HO-1 and Stat3/Socs3 signaling axes in myeloid cells, favored their anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective phenotype and, consequently, reduced Th cell reactivation and differentiation into highly pathogenic IL-17/IFN-γ/GM-CSF-producing cells.
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Current Advancements in Spinal Cord Injury Research—Glial Scar Formation and Neural Regeneration. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060853. [PMID: 36980193 PMCID: PMC10046908 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex tissue injury resulting in permanent and degenerating damage to the central nervous system (CNS). Detrimental cellular processes occur after SCI, including axonal degeneration, neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, reactive gliosis, and scar formation. The glial scar border forms to segregate the neural lesion and isolate spreading inflammation, reactive oxygen species, and excitotoxicity at the injury epicenter to preserve surrounding healthy tissue. The scar border is a physicochemical barrier composed of elongated astrocytes, fibroblasts, and microglia secreting chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, collogen, and the dense extra-cellular matrix. While this physiological response preserves viable neural tissue, it is also detrimental to regeneration. To overcome negative outcomes associated with scar formation, therapeutic strategies have been developed: the prevention of scar formation, the resolution of the developed scar, cell transplantation into the lesion, and endogenous cell reprogramming. This review focuses on cellular/molecular aspects of glial scar formation, and discusses advantages and disadvantages of strategies to promote regeneration after SCI.
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23
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Tian J, Jiang L, Chen Z, Yuan Q, Liu C, He L, Jiang F, Rui K. Tissue-resident immune cells in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:363-372. [PMID: 36547688 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which genetic and environmental factors contribute to disease progression. Both innate and adaptive immune cells, including T cells, B cells, activated macrophages and microglia, have been identified to be involved in the pathogenesis of MS, leading to the CNS inflammation, neurodegeneration and demyelination. In recent years, there has been considerable progress in understanding the contribution of tissue-resident immune cells in the pathogenesis of MS. METHODS We performed a keyword-based search in PubMed database. We combined "multiple sclerosis" with keywords, such as tissue-resident memory T cells, microglia to search for relevant literatures in PubMed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In this review, we comprehensively describe the characteristics of tissue-resident memory T cells and microglia, summarize their role in the pathogenesis of MS, and discuss their interaction with other immune cells in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tian
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lingli Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zixiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qingfang Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Longfeng He
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ke Rui
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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24
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Amann L, Masuda T, Prinz M. Mechanisms of myeloid cell entry to the healthy and diseased central nervous system. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:393-407. [PMID: 36759712 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid cells in the central nervous system (CNS), such as microglia, CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs), dendritic cells and monocytes, are vital for steady-state immune homeostasis as well as the resolution of tissue damage during brain development or disease-related pathology. The complementary usage of multimodal high-throughput and high-dimensional single-cell technologies along with recent advances in cell-fate mapping has revealed remarkable myeloid cell heterogeneity in the CNS. Despite the establishment of extensive expression profiles revealing myeloid cell multiplicity, the local anatomical conditions for the temporal- and spatial-dependent cellular engraftment are poorly understood. Here we highlight recent discoveries of the context-dependent mechanisms of myeloid cell migration and settlement into distinct subtissular structures in the CNS. These insights offer better understanding of the factors needed for compartment-specific myeloid cell recruitment, integration and residence during development and perturbation, which may lead to better treatment of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Amann
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Takahiro Masuda
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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25
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Wei Q, Deng Y, Yang Q, Zhan A, Wang L. The markers to delineate different phenotypes of macrophages related to metabolic disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1084636. [PMID: 36814909 PMCID: PMC9940311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1084636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have a wide variety of roles in physiological and pathological conditions, making them promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets in diseases, especially metabolic disorders, which have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Owing to their heterogeneity and polarization, the phenotypes and functions of macrophages related to metabolic disorders are diverse and complicated. In the past three decades, the rapid progress of macrophage research has benefited from the emergence of specific molecular markers to delineate different phenotypes of macrophages and elucidate their role in metabolic disorders. In this review, we analyze the functions and applications of commonly used and novel markers of macrophages related to metabolic disorders, facilitating the better use of these macrophage markers in metabolic disorder research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quxing Wei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyue Deng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Angyu Zhan
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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The role of PGE2 and EP receptors on lung's immune and structural cells; possibilities for future asthma therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108313. [PMID: 36427569 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common airway chronic disease with treatments aimed mainly to control the symptoms. Adrenergic receptor agonists, corticosteroids and anti-leukotrienes have been used for decades, and the development of more targeted asthma treatments, known as biological therapies, were only recently established. However, due to the complexity of asthma and the limited efficacy as well as the side effects of available treatments, there is an urgent need for a new generation of asthma therapies. The anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory effects of prostaglandin E2 in asthma are promising, yet complicated by undesirable side effects, such as cough and airway irritation. In this review, we summarize the most important literature on the role of all four E prostanoid (EP) receptors on the lung's immune and structural cells to further dissect the relevance of EP2/EP4 receptors as potential targets for future asthma therapy.
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27
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Villar J, Cros A, De Juan A, Alaoui L, Bonte PE, Lau CM, Tiniakou I, Reizis B, Segura E. ETV3 and ETV6 enable monocyte differentiation into dendritic cells by repressing macrophage fate commitment. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:84-95. [PMID: 36543959 PMCID: PMC9810530 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In inflamed tissues, monocytes differentiate into macrophages (mo-Macs) or dendritic cells (mo-DCs). In chronic nonresolving inflammation, mo-DCs are major drivers of pathogenic events. Manipulating monocyte differentiation would therefore be an attractive therapeutic strategy. However, how the balance of mo-DC versus mo-Mac fate commitment is regulated is not clear. In the present study, we show that the transcriptional repressors ETV3 and ETV6 control human monocyte differentiation into mo-DCs. ETV3 and ETV6 inhibit interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes; however, their action on monocyte differentiation is independent of IFN signaling. Instead, we find that ETV3 and ETV6 directly repress mo-Mac development by controlling MAFB expression. Mice deficient for Etv6 in monocytes have spontaneous expression of IFN-stimulated genes, confirming that Etv6 regulates IFN responses in vivo. Furthermore, these mice have impaired mo-DC differentiation during inflammation and reduced pathology in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. These findings provide information about the molecular control of monocyte fate decision and identify ETV6 as a therapeutic target to redirect monocyte differentiation in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Villar
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932,, Paris, France
| | - Adeline Cros
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932,, Paris, France
| | - Alba De Juan
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932,, Paris, France
| | - Lamine Alaoui
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932,, Paris, France
| | | | - Colleen M Lau
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ioanna Tiniakou
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elodie Segura
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932,, Paris, France.
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28
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Vakrakou AG, Paschalidis N, Pavlos E, Giannouli C, Karathanasis D, Tsipota X, Velonakis G, Stadelmann-Nessler C, Evangelopoulos ME, Stefanis L, Kilidireas C. Specific myeloid signatures in peripheral blood differentiate active and rare clinical phenotypes of multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1071623. [PMID: 36761741 PMCID: PMC9905713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1071623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Current understanding of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) pathophysiology implicates perturbations in adaptive cellular immune responses, predominantly T cells, in Relapsing-Remitting forms (RRMS). Nevertheless, from a clinical perspective MS is a heterogeneous disease reflecting the heterogeneity of involved biological systems. This complexity requires advanced analysis tools at the single-cell level to discover biomarkers for better patient-group stratification. We designed a novel 44-parameter mass cytometry panel to interrogate predominantly the role of effector and regulatory subpopulations of peripheral blood myeloid subsets along with B and T-cells (excluding granulocytes) in MS, assessing three different patient cohorts: RRMS, PPMS (Primary Progressive) and Tumefactive MS patients (TMS) (n=10, 8, 14 respectively). We further subgrouped our cohort into inactive or active disease stages to capture the early underlying events in disease pathophysiology. Peripheral blood analysis showed that TMS cases belonged to the spectrum of RRMS, whereas PPMS cases displayed different features. In particular, TMS patients during a relapse stage were characterized by a specific subset of CD11c+CD14+ CD33+, CD192+, CD172+-myeloid cells with an alternative phenotype of monocyte-derived macrophages (high arginase-1, CD38, HLA-DR-low and endogenous TNF-a production). Moreover, TMS patients in relapse displayed a selective CD4 T-cell lymphopenia of cells with a Th2-like polarised phenotype. PPMS patients did not display substantial differences from healthy controls, apart from a trend toward higher expansion of NK cell subsets. Importantly, we found that myeloid cell populations are reshaped under effective disease-modifying therapy predominantly with glatiramer acetate and to a lesser extent with anti-CD20, suggesting that the identified cell signature represents a specific therapeutic target in TMS. The expanded myeloid signature in TMS patients was also confirmed by flow cytometry. Serum neurofilament light-chain levels confirmed the correlation of this myeloid cell signature with indices of axonal injury. More in-depth analysis of myeloid subsets revealed an increase of a subset of highly cytolytic and terminally differentiated NK cells in PPMS patients with leptomeningeal enhancement (active-PPMS), compared to those without (inactive-PPMS). We have identified previously uncharacterized subsets of circulating myeloid cells and shown them to correlate with distinct disease forms of MS as well as with specific disease states (relapse/remission).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigli G Vakrakou
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Paschalidis
- Mass Cytometry-CyTOF Laboratory, Center for Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Pavlos
- Center for Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christina Giannouli
- Center for Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Karathanasis
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Xristina Tsipota
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Velonakis
- Research Unit of Radiology, 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria-Eleftheria Evangelopoulos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Kilidireas
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurology, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, Athens, Greece
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29
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Xu D, Li C, Xu Y, Huang M, Cui D, Xie J. Myeloid-derived suppressor cell: A crucial player in autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1021612. [PMID: 36569895 PMCID: PMC9780445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1021612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are identified as a highly heterogeneous group of immature cells derived from bone marrow and play critical immunosuppressive functions in autoimmune diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases was closely related to genetic mutations and epigenetic modifications, with the latter more common. Epigenetic modifications, which involve DNA methylation, covalent histone modification, and non-coding RNA-mediated regulation, refer to inheritable and potentially reversible changes in DNA and chromatin that regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. Recently, numerous reports have shown that epigenetic modifications in MDSCs play important roles in the differentiation and development of MDSCs and their suppressive functions. The molecular mechanisms of differentiation and development of MDSCs and their regulatory roles in the initiation and progression of autoimmune diseases have been extensively studied, but the exact function of MDSCs remains controversial. Therefore, the biological and epigenetic regulation of MDSCs in autoimmune diseases still needs to be further characterized. This review provides a detailed summary of the current research on the regulatory roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in the development and immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs, and further summarizes the distinct role of MDSCs in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, in order to provide help for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases from the perspective of epigenetic regulation of MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yushan Xu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Mingyue Huang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dawei Cui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang University, China,*Correspondence: Dawei Cui, ; Jue Xie,
| | - Jue Xie
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang University, China,*Correspondence: Dawei Cui, ; Jue Xie,
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30
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Cognate microglia-T cell interactions shape the functional regulatory T cell pool in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis pathology. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1749-1762. [PMID: 36456736 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Microglia, the parenchymal brain macrophages of the central nervous system, have emerged as critical players in brain development and homeostasis. The immune functions of these cells, however, remain less well defined. We investigated contributions of microglia in a relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis paradigm, experimental autoimmune encephalitis in C57BL/6 x SJL F1 mice. Fate mapping-assisted translatome profiling during the relapsing-remitting disease course revealed the potential of microglia to interact with T cells through antigen presentation, costimulation and coinhibition. Abundant microglia-T cell aggregates, as observed by histology and flow cytometry, supported the idea of functional interactions of microglia and T cells during remission, with a bias towards regulatory T cells. Finally, microglia-restricted interferon-γ receptor and major histocompatibility complex mutagenesis significantly affected the functionality of the regulatory T cell compartment in the diseased central nervous system and remission. Collectively, our data establish critical non-redundant cognate and cytokine-mediated interactions of microglia with CD4+ T cells during autoimmune neuroinflammation.
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31
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Jin H, Liu Y, Liu X, Khodeiry MM, Lee JK, Lee RK. Hematogenous Macrophages Contribute to Fibrotic Scar Formation After Optic Nerve Crush. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7393-7403. [PMID: 36181661 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Although glial scar formation has been extensively studied after optic nerve injury, the existence and characteristics of traumatic optic nerve fibrotic scar formation have not been previously characterized. Recent evidence suggests infiltrating macrophages are involved in pathological processes after optic nerve crush (ONC), but their role in fibrotic scar formation is unknown. Using wild-type and transgenic mouse models with optic nerve crush injury, we show that macrophages infiltrate and associate with fibroblasts in the traumatic optic nerve lesion fibrotic scar. We dissected the role of hematogenous and resident macrophages, labeled with Dil liposomes intravenously administered, and observed that hematogenous macrophages (Dil+ cells) specifically accumulate in the center of traumatic fibrotic scar while Iba-1+ cells reside predominantly at the margins of optic nerve fibrotic scar. Depletion of hematogenous macrophages results in reduced fibroblast density and decreased extracellular matrix deposition within the fibrotic scar area following ONC. However, retinal ganglion cell degeneration and function loss after optic nerve crush remain unaffected after hematogenous macrophage depletion. We present new and previously not characterized evidence that hematogenous macrophages are selectively recruited into the fibrotic core of the optic nerve crush site and critical for this fibrotic scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Xiangxiang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Mohamed M Khodeiry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jae K Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Richard K Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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32
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Camacho-Toledano C, Machín-Díaz I, Calahorra L, Cabañas-Cotillas M, Otaegui D, Castillo-Triviño T, Villar LM, Costa-Frossard L, Comabella M, Midaglia L, García-Domínguez JM, García-Arocha J, Ortega MC, Clemente D. Peripheral myeloid-derived suppressor cells are good biomarkers of the efficacy of fingolimod in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:277. [PMCID: PMC9675277 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing number of treatments that are now available to manage patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) highlights the need to develop biomarkers that can be used within the framework of individualized medicine. Fingolimod is a disease-modifying treatment that belongs to the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators. In addition to inhibiting T cell egress from lymph nodes, fingolimod promotes the immunosuppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), whose monocytic subset (M-MDSCs) can be used as a biomarker of disease severity, as well as the degree of demyelination and extent of axonal damage in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS. In the present study, we have assessed whether the abundance of circulating M-MDSCs may represent a useful biomarker of fingolimod efficacy in EAE and in the clinical context of MS patients. Methods Treatment with vehicle or fingolimod was orally administered to EAE mice for 14 days in an individualized manner, starting the day when each mouse began to develop clinical signs. Peripheral blood from EAE mice was collected previous to treatment and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from fingolimod to treat MS patients’ peripheral blood. In both cases, M-MDSCs abundance was analyzed by flow cytometry and its relationship with the future clinical affectation of each individual animal or patient was assessed. Results Fingolimod-treated animals presented a milder EAE course with less demyelination and axonal damage, although a few animals did not respond well to treatment and they invariably had fewer M-MDSCs prior to initiating the treatment. Remarkably, M-MDSC abundance was also found to be an important and specific parameter to distinguish EAE mice prone to better fingolimod efficacy. Finally, in a translational effort, M-MDSCs were quantified in MS patients at baseline and correlated with different clinical parameters after 12 months of fingolimod treatment. M-MDSCs at baseline were highly representative of a good therapeutic response to fingolimod, i.e., patients who met at least two of the criteria used to define non-evidence of disease activity-3 (NEDA-3) 12 months after treatment. Conclusion Our data indicate that M-MDSCs might be a useful predictive biomarker of the response of MS patients to fingolimod. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02635-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Camacho-Toledano
- grid.414883.20000 0004 1767 1847Neuroimmuno-Repair Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos-SESCAM, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Isabel Machín-Díaz
- grid.414883.20000 0004 1767 1847Neuroimmuno-Repair Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos-SESCAM, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Leticia Calahorra
- grid.414883.20000 0004 1767 1847Neuroimmuno-Repair Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos-SESCAM, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - María Cabañas-Cotillas
- grid.414883.20000 0004 1767 1847Neuroimmuno-Repair Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos-SESCAM, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - David Otaegui
- grid.432380.eMultiple Sclerosis Unit, Biodonostia Health Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Tamara Castillo-Triviño
- grid.432380.eMultiple Sclerosis Unit, Biodonostia Health Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain ,grid.414651.30000 0000 9920 5292Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Luisa María Villar
- grid.411347.40000 0000 9248 5770Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucienne Costa-Frossard
- grid.411347.40000 0000 9248 5770Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain ,grid.411347.40000 0000 9248 5770Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Comabella
- grid.411083.f0000 0001 0675 8654Neurology-Neuroimmunology Service, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciana Midaglia
- grid.411083.f0000 0001 0675 8654Neurology-Neuroimmunology Service, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Domínguez
- grid.410526.40000 0001 0277 7938Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer García-Arocha
- grid.414883.20000 0004 1767 1847Neuroimmuno-Repair Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos-SESCAM, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - María Cristina Ortega
- grid.414883.20000 0004 1767 1847Neuroimmuno-Repair Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos-SESCAM, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Diego Clemente
- grid.414883.20000 0004 1767 1847Neuroimmuno-Repair Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos-SESCAM, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
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33
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Costa G, Ribeiro FF, Sebastião AM, Muir EM, Vaz SH. Bridging the gap of axonal regeneration in the central nervous system: A state of the art review on central axonal regeneration. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1003145. [PMID: 36440273 PMCID: PMC9682039 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1003145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) is an important field of research with relevance to all types of neuronal injuries, including neurodegenerative diseases. The glial scar is a result of the astrocyte response to CNS injury. It is made up of many components creating a complex environment in which astrocytes play various key roles. The glial scar is heterogeneous, diverse and its composition depends upon the injury type and location. The heterogeneity of the glial scar observed in different situations of CNS damage and the consequent implications for axon regeneration have not been reviewed in depth. The gap in this knowledge will be addressed in this review which will also focus on our current understanding of central axonal regeneration and the molecular mechanisms involved. The multifactorial context of CNS regeneration is discussed, and we review newly identified roles for components previously thought to solely play an inhibitory role in central regeneration: astrocytes and p75NTR and discuss their potential and relevance for deciding therapeutic interventions. The article ends with a comprehensive review of promising new therapeutic targets identified for axonal regeneration in CNS and a discussion of novel ways of looking at therapeutic interventions for several brain diseases and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa F. Ribeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Sebastião
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elizabeth M. Muir
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra H. Vaz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Dagkonaki A, Papalambrou A, Avloniti M, Gkika A, Evangelidou M, Androutsou ME, Tselios T, Probert L. Maturation of circulating Ly6ChiCCR2+ monocytes by mannan-MOG induces antigen-specific tolerance and reverses autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:972003. [PMID: 36159850 PMCID: PMC9501702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.972003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases affecting the CNS not only overcome immune privilege mechanisms that protect neural tissues but also peripheral immune tolerance mechanisms towards self. Together with antigen-specific T cells, myeloid cells are main effector cells in CNS autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, but the relative contributions of blood-derived monocytes and the tissue resident macrophages to pathology and repair is incompletely understood. Through the study of oxidized mannan-conjugated myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (OM-MOG), we show that peripheral maturation of Ly6ChiCCR2+ monocytes to Ly6ChiMHCII+PD-L1+ cells is sufficient to reverse spinal cord inflammation and demyelination in MOG-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Soluble intradermal OM-MOG drains directly to the skin draining lymph node to be sequestered by subcapsular sinus macrophages, activates Ly6ChiCCR2+ monocytes to produce MHC class II and PD-L1, prevents immune cell trafficking to spinal cord, and reverses established lesions. We previously showed that protection by OM-peptides is antigen specific. Here, using a neutralizing anti-PD-L1 antibody in vivo and dendritic cell-specific Pdl1 knockout mice, we further demonstrate that PD-L1 in non-dendritic cells is essential for the therapeutic effects of OM-MOG. These results show that maturation of circulating Ly6ChiCCR2+ monocytes by OM-myelin peptides represents a novel mechanism of immune tolerance that reverses autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Dagkonaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Papalambrou
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Avloniti
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Areti Gkika
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Evangelidou
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Lesley Probert
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Lesley Probert,
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van Geffen C, Heiss C, Deißler A, Kolahian S. Pharmacological modulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells to dampen inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:933847. [PMID: 36110844 PMCID: PMC9468781 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.933847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous cell population with potent suppressive and regulative properties. MDSCs’ strong immunosuppressive potential creates new possibilities to treat chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases or induce tolerance towards transplantation. Here, we summarize and critically discuss different pharmacological approaches which modulate the generation, activation, and recruitment of MDSCs in vitro and in vivo, and their potential role in future immunosuppressive therapy.
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36
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NAD + metabolism drives astrocyte proinflammatory reprogramming in central nervous system autoimmunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2211310119. [PMID: 35994674 PMCID: PMC9436380 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211310119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the CNS, and their dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Recent advances highlight the pivotal role of cellular metabolism in programming immune responses. However, the underlying immunometabolic mechanisms that drive astrocyte pathogenicity remain elusive. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a vital coenzyme involved in cellular redox reactions and a substrate for NAD+-dependent enzymes. Cellular NAD+ levels are dynamically controlled by synthesis and degradation, and dysregulation of this balance has been associated with inflammation and disease. Here, we demonstrate that cell-autonomous generation of NAD+ via the salvage pathway regulates astrocyte immune function. Inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a key enzyme in the salvage pathway, results in depletion of NAD+, inhibits oxidative phosphorylation, and limits astrocyte inflammatory potential. We identified CD38 as the main NADase up-regulated in reactive mouse and human astrocytes in models of neuroinflammation and MS. Genetic or pharmacological blockade of astrocyte CD38 activity augmented NAD+ levels, suppressed proinflammatory transcriptional reprogramming, impaired chemotactic potential to inflammatory monocytes, and ameliorated EAE. We found that CD38 activity is mediated via calcineurin/NFAT signaling in mouse and human reactive astrocytes. Thus, NAMPT-NAD+-CD38 circuitry in astrocytes controls their ability to meet their energy demands and drives the expression of proinflammatory transcriptional modules, contributing to CNS pathology in EAE and, potentially, MS. Our results identify candidate therapeutic targets in MS.
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Hu H, Yang X, He Y, Duan C, Sun N. Psychological stress induces depressive-like behavior associated with bone marrow-derived monocyte infiltration into the hippocampus independent of blood-brain barrier disruption. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:208. [PMID: 36002834 PMCID: PMC9400267 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02569-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological stress is one of the most important factors that trigger emotional disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Emerging evidence suggests that neuroinflammation exacerbated by bidirectional communication between the peripheral immune system and the central nervous system facilitates abnormal psychiatric symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the hippocampal migration of bone marrow (BM)-derived monocytes and its role in regulating depressive-like behaviors using the chronic psychological stress (CPS) mouse model. More importantly, whether the central migration of these peripheral BM-derived cells depend on the disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) was also investigated. Methods and findings Green fluorescent protein-positive (GFP+) BM chimeric mice were used to distinguish BM-derived monocytes within the brain. A CPS mouse model was established to explore the effect of CPS on hippocampal migration of BM-derived monocytes and its role in the regulation of depressive-like behaviors. The results revealed that BM-derived GFP+ cells accumulated in the hippocampus and differentiated into microglia-like cells after exposure to CPS. Interestingly, this migration was not associated with BBB disruption. Furthermore, treatment with C–C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) antagonist (RS102895) suppressed the recruitment of BM-derived monocytes to the hippocampus and alleviated depressive-like symptoms. Conclusion These findings indicate that monocyte recruitment to the hippocampus in response to psychological stress may represent a novel cellular mechanism that contributes to the development of depression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02569-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing He
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Nannan Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Hoenow S, Yan K, Noll J, Groneberg M, Casar C, Lory NC, Vogelsang M, Hansen C, Wolf V, Fehling H, Sellau J, Mittrücker HW, Lotter H. The Properties of Proinflammatory Ly6Chi Monocytes Are Differentially Shaped by Parasitic and Bacterial Liver Infections. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162539. [PMID: 36010615 PMCID: PMC9406626 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past, proinflammatory CD11b+Ly6Chi monocytes were predominantly considered as a uniform population. However, recent investigations suggests that this population is far more diverse than previously thought. For example, in mouse models of Entamoeba (E.) histolytica and Listeria (L.) monocytogenes liver infections, it was shown that their absence had opposite effects. In the former model, it ameliorated parasite-dependent liver injury, whereas in the listeria model it exacerbated liver pathology. Here, we analyzed Ly6Chi monocytes from the liver of both infection models at transcriptome, protein, and functional levels. Paralleled by E. histolytica- and L. monocytogenes-specific differences in recruitment-relevant chemokines, both infections induced accumulation of Ly6C+ monocytes at infection sites. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a high similarity between monocytes from naïve and parasite-infected mice and a clear proinflammatory phenotype of listeria-induced monocytes. This was further reflected by the upregulation of M2-related transcription factors (e.g., Mafb, Nr4a1, Fos) and higher CD14 expression by Ly6Chi monocytes in the E. histolytica infection model. In contrast, monocytes from the listeria infection model expressed M1-related transcription factors (e.g., Irf2, Mndal, Ifi204) and showed higher expression of CD38, CD74, and CD86, as well as higher ROS production. Taken together, proinflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes vary considerably depending on the causative pathogen. By using markers identified in the study, Ly6Chi monocytes can be further subdivided into different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hoenow
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Yan
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jill Noll
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie Groneberg
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Casar
- Bioinformatic Facility, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niels Christian Lory
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Vogelsang
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Hansen
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Wolf
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Helena Fehling
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julie Sellau
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hannelore Lotter
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Wicks EE, Ran KR, Kim JE, Xu R, Lee RP, Jackson CM. The Translational Potential of Microglia and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages in Ischemic Stroke. Front Immunol 2022; 13:897022. [PMID: 35795678 PMCID: PMC9251541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.897022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response to ischemic stroke is an area of study that is at the forefront of stroke research and presents promising new avenues for treatment development. Upon cerebral vessel occlusion, the innate immune system is activated by danger-associated molecular signals from stressed and dying neurons. Microglia, an immune cell population within the central nervous system which phagocytose cell debris and modulate the immune response via cytokine signaling, are the first cell population to become activated. Soon after, monocytes arrive from the peripheral immune system, differentiate into macrophages, and further aid in the immune response. Upon activation, both microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages are capable of polarizing into phenotypes which can either promote or attenuate the inflammatory response. Phenotypes which promote the inflammatory response are hypothesized to increase neuronal damage and impair recovery of neuronal function during the later phases of ischemic stroke. Therefore, modulating neuroimmune cells to adopt an anti-inflammatory response post ischemic stroke is an area of current research interest and potential treatment development. In this review, we outline the biology of microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages, further explain their roles in the acute, subacute, and chronic stages of ischemic stroke, and highlight current treatment development efforts which target these cells in the context of ischemic stroke.
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Medeiros-Furquim T, Ayoub S, Johnson LJ, Aprico A, Nwoke E, Binder MD, Kilpatrick TJ. Cladribine Treatment for MS Preserves the Differentiative Capacity of Subsequently Generated Monocytes, Whereas Its Administration In Vitro Acutely Influences Monocyte Differentiation but Not Microglial Activation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:678817. [PMID: 35734180 PMCID: PMC9207174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.678817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, 2CdA) is one of the most effective disease-modifying drugs for multiple sclerosis (MS). Cladribine is a synthetic purine nucleoside analog that induces cell death of lymphocytes and oral cladribine treatment leads to a long-lasting disease stabilization, potentially attributable to immune reconstitution. In addition to its effects on lymphocytes, cladribine has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects on innate immune cells, including dendritic cells and monocytes, which could also contribute to its therapeutic efficacy. However, whether cladribine can modulate human macrophage/microglial activation or monocyte differentiation is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the immunomodulatory effects of cladribine upon monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and microglia. We analyzed the phenotype and differentiation of monocytes from MS patients receiving their first course of oral cladribine both before and three weeks after the start of treatment. Flow cytometric analysis of monocytes from MS patients undergoing cladribine treatment revealed that the number and composition of CD14/CD16 monocyte subsets remained unchanged after treatment. Furthermore, after differentiation with M-CSF, such MDMs from treated MS patients showed no difference in gene expression of the inflammatory markers compared to baseline. We further investigated the direct effects of cladribine in vitro using human adult primary MDMs and microglia. GM-CSF-derived MDMs were more sensitive to cell death than M-CSF-derived MDMs. In addition, MDMs treated with cladribine showed increased expression of costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD40, as well as expression of anti-inflammatory, pro-trophic genes IL10 and MERTK, depending on the differentiation condition. Cladribine treatment in vitro did not modulate the expression of activation markers in human microglia. Our study shows that cladribine treatment in vitro affects the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages by modulating the expression of activation markers, which might occur similarly in tissue after their infiltration in the CNS during MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Medeiros-Furquim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sinan Ayoub
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura J. Johnson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrea Aprico
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Eze Nwoke
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michele D. Binder
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Trevor J. Kilpatrick
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Trevor J. Kilpatrick,
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41
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Heng AHS, Han CW, Abbott C, McColl SR, Comerford I. Chemokine-Driven Migration of Pro-Inflammatory CD4 + T Cells in CNS Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817473. [PMID: 35250997 PMCID: PMC8889115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory CD4+ T helper (Th) cells drive the pathogenesis of many autoimmune conditions. Recent advances have modified views of the phenotype of pro-inflammatory Th cells in autoimmunity, extending the breadth of known Th cell subsets that operate as drivers of these responses. Heterogeneity and plasticity within Th1 and Th17 cells, and the discovery of subsets of Th cells dedicated to production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as GM-CSF have led to these advances. Here, we review recent progress in this area and focus specifically upon evidence for chemokine receptors that drive recruitment of these various pro-inflammatory Th cell subsets to sites of autoimmune inflammation in the CNS. We discuss expression of specific chemokine receptors by subsets of pro-inflammatory Th cells and highlight which receptors may be tractable targets of therapeutic interventions to limit pathogenic Th cell recruitment in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H S Heng
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Caleb W Han
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Caitlin Abbott
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shaun R McColl
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Iain Comerford
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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42
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Hwang D, Seyedsadr MS, Ishikawa LLW, Boehm A, Sahin Z, Casella G, Jang S, Gonzalez MV, Garifallou JP, Hakonarson H, Zhang W, Xiao D, Rostami A, Zhang GX, Ciric B. CSF-1 maintains pathogenic but not homeostatic myeloid cells in the central nervous system during autoimmune neuroinflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2111804119. [PMID: 35353625 PMCID: PMC9168454 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111804119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1R) is important for the survival and function of myeloid cells that mediate pathology during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). CSF-1 and IL-34, the ligands of CSF-1R, have similar bioactivities but distinct tissue and context-dependent expression patterns, suggesting that they have different roles. This could be the case in EAE, given that CSF-1 expression is up-regulated in the CNS, while IL-34 remains constitutively expressed. We found that targeting CSF-1 with neutralizing antibody halted ongoing EAE, with efficacy superior to CSF-1R inhibitor BLZ945, whereas IL-34 neutralization had no effect, suggesting that pathogenic myeloid cells were maintained by CSF-1. Both anti–CSF-1 and BLZ945 treatment greatly reduced the number of monocyte-derived cells and microglia in the CNS. However, anti–CSF-1 selectively depleted inflammatory microglia and monocytes in inflamed CNS areas, whereas BLZ945 depleted virtually all myeloid cells, including quiescent microglia, throughout the CNS. Anti–CSF-1 treatment reduced the size of demyelinated lesions and microglial activation in the gray matter. Lastly, we found that bone marrow–derived immune cells were the major mediators of CSF-1R–dependent pathology, while microglia played a lesser role. Our findings suggest that targeting CSF-1 could be effective in ameliorating MS pathology, while preserving the homeostatic functions of myeloid cells, thereby minimizing risks associated with ablation of CSF-1R–dependent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Maryam S. Seyedsadr
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | | | - Alexandra Boehm
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Ziver Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Giacomo Casella
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Soohwa Jang
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Michael V. Gonzalez
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Center for Applied Genomics, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - James P. Garifallou
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Center for Applied Genomics, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Center for Applied Genomics, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Dan Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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Ingelfinger F, Gerdes LA, Kavaka V, Krishnarajah S, Friebel E, Galli E, Zwicky P, Furrer R, Peukert C, Dutertre CA, Eglseer KM, Ginhoux F, Flierl-Hecht A, Kümpfel T, De Feo D, Schreiner B, Mundt S, Kerschensteiner M, Hohlfeld R, Beltrán E, Becher B. Twin study reveals non-heritable immune perturbations in multiple sclerosis. Nature 2022; 603:152-158. [PMID: 35173329 PMCID: PMC8891021 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system underpinned by partially understood genetic risk factors and environmental triggers and their undefined interactions1,2. Here we investigated the peripheral immune signatures of 61 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for MS to dissect the influence of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Using complementary multimodal high-throughput and high-dimensional single-cell technologies in conjunction with data-driven computational tools, we identified an inflammatory shift in a monocyte cluster of twins with MS, coupled with the emergence of a population of IL-2 hyper-responsive transitional naive helper T cells as MS-related immune alterations. By integrating data on the immune profiles of healthy monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs, we estimated the variance in CD25 expression by helper T cells displaying a naive phenotype to be largely driven by genetic and shared early environmental influences. Nonetheless, the expanding helper T cells of twins with MS, which were also elevated in non-twin patients with MS, emerged independent of the individual genetic makeup. These cells expressed central nervous system-homing receptors, exhibited a dysregulated CD25-IL-2 axis, and their proliferative capacity positively correlated with MS severity. Together, our matched-pair analysis of the extended twin approach allowed us to discern genetically and environmentally determined features of an MS-associated immune signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ingelfinger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Ann Gerdes
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Vladyslav Kavaka
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Ekaterina Friebel
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Galli
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Zwicky
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Furrer
- Department of Mathematics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Peukert
- Department of Strategy, Globalization and Society, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charles-Antoine Dutertre
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Klara Magdalena Eglseer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Flierl-Hecht
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Donatella De Feo
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Schreiner
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hohlfeld
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Eduardo Beltrán
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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44
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Calahorra L, Camacho-Toledano C, Serrano-Regal MP, Ortega MC, Clemente D. Regulatory Cells in Multiple Sclerosis: From Blood to Brain. Biomedicines 2022; 10:335. [PMID: 35203544 PMCID: PMC8961785 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects myelin. The etiology of MS is unclear, although a variety of environmental and genetic factors are thought to increase the risk of developing the disease. Historically, T cells were considered to be the orchestrators of MS pathogenesis, but evidence has since accumulated implicating B lymphocytes and innate immune cells in the inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage associated with MS disease progression. However, more recently the importance of the protective role of immunoregulatory cells in MS has become increasingly evident, such as that of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T (Treg) and B (Breg) cells, or CD56bright natural killer cells. In this review, we will focus on how peripheral regulatory cells implicated in innate and adaptive immune responses are involved in the physiopathology of MS. Moreover, we will discuss how these cells are thought to act and contribute to MS histopathology, also addressing their promising role as promoters of successful remyelination within the CNS. Finally, we will analyze how understanding these protective mechanisms may be crucial in the search for potential therapies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Diego Clemente
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (L.C.); (C.C.-T.); (M.P.S.-R.); (M.C.O.)
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45
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Spiteri AG, Wishart CL, Pamphlett R, Locatelli G, King NJC. Microglia and monocytes in inflammatory CNS disease: integrating phenotype and function. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:179-224. [PMID: 34853891 PMCID: PMC8742818 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In neurological diseases, the actions of microglia, the resident myeloid cells of the CNS parenchyma, may diverge from, or intersect with, those of recruited monocytes to drive immune-mediated pathology. However, defining the precise roles of each cell type has historically been impeded by the lack of discriminating markers and experimental systems capable of accurately identifying them. Our ability to distinguish microglia from monocytes in neuroinflammation has advanced with single-cell technologies, new markers and drugs that identify and deplete them, respectively. Nevertheless, the focus of individual studies on particular cell types, diseases or experimental approaches has limited our ability to connect phenotype and function more widely and across diverse CNS pathologies. Here, we critically review, tabulate and integrate the disease-specific functions and immune profiles of microglia and monocytes to provide a comprehensive atlas of myeloid responses in viral encephalitis, demyelination, neurodegeneration and ischemic injury. In emphasizing the differential roles of microglia and monocytes in the severe neuroinflammatory disease of viral encephalitis, we connect inflammatory pathways common to equally incapacitating diseases with less severe inflammation. We examine these findings in the context of human studies and highlight the benefits and inherent limitations of animal models that may impede or facilitate clinical translation. This enables us to highlight common and contrasting, non-redundant and often opposing roles of microglia and monocytes in disease that could be targeted therapeutically.
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46
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Hopkins BT, Bame E, Bajrami B, Black C, Bohnert T, Boiselle C, Burdette D, Burns JC, Delva L, Donaldson D, Grater R, Gu C, Hoemberger M, Johnson J, Kapadnis S, King K, Lulla M, Ma B, Marx I, Magee T, Meissner R, Metrick CM, Mingueneau M, Murugan P, Otipoby KL, Polack E, Poreci U, Prince R, Roach AM, Rowbottom C, Santoro JC, Schroeder P, Tang H, Tien E, Zhang F, Lyssikatos J. Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of BIIB091, a Reversible, Selective BTK Inhibitor for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1206-1224. [PMID: 34734694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal injury leading to permeant disability. In the early stage of MS, inflammation is the primary driver of the disease progression. There remains an unmet need to develop high efficacy therapies with superior safety profiles to prevent the inflammation processes leading to disability. Herein, we describe the discovery of BIIB091, a structurally distinct orthosteric ATP competitive, reversible inhibitor that binds the BTK protein in a DFG-in confirmation designed to sequester Tyr-551, an important phosphorylation site on BTK, into an inactive conformation with excellent affinity. Preclinical studies demonstrated BIB091 to be a high potency molecule with good drug-like properties and a safety/tolerability profile suitable for clinical development as a highly selective, reversible BTKi for treating autoimmune diseases such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Hopkins
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Eris Bame
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Bekim Bajrami
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Cheryl Black
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Tonika Bohnert
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Carrie Boiselle
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Doug Burdette
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jeremy C Burns
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Luisette Delva
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Douglas Donaldson
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Richard Grater
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Chungang Gu
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Marc Hoemberger
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Josh Johnson
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Sudarshan Kapadnis
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kris King
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Mukesh Lulla
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Bin Ma
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Isaac Marx
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Tom Magee
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Robert Meissner
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Claire M Metrick
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael Mingueneau
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Paramasivam Murugan
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kevin L Otipoby
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Evelyne Polack
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Urjana Poreci
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Robin Prince
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Allie M Roach
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Chris Rowbottom
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Joseph C Santoro
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Patricia Schroeder
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Hao Tang
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Eric Tien
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Joseph Lyssikatos
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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47
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Tritz R, Hudson FZ, Harris V, Ghoshal P, Singla B, Lin H, Csanyi G, Stansfield BK. MEK inhibition exerts temporal and myeloid cell-specific effects in the pathogenesis of neurofibromatosis type 1 arteriopathy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24345. [PMID: 34934133 PMCID: PMC8692602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the NF1 tumor suppressor gene are linked to arteriopathy. Nf1 heterozygosity (Nf1+/–) results in robust neointima formation, similar to humans, and myeloid-restricted Nf1+/– recapitulates this phenotype via MEK-ERK activation. Here we define the contribution of myeloid subpopulations to NF1 arteriopathy. Neutrophils from WT and Nf1+/– mice were functionally assessed in the presence of MEK and farnesylation inhibitors in vitro and neutrophil recruitment to lipopolysaccharide was assessed in WT and Nf1+/– mice. Littermate 12–15 week-old male wildtype and Nf1+/– mice were subjected to carotid artery ligation and provided either a neutrophil depleting antibody (1A8), liposomal clodronate to deplete monocytes/macrophages, or PD0325901 and neointima size was assessed 28 days after injury. Bone marrow transplant experiments assessed monocyte/macrophage mobilization during neointima formation. Nf1+/– neutrophils exhibit enhanced proliferation, migration, and adhesion via p21Ras activation of MEK in vitro and in vivo. Neutrophil depletion suppresses circulating Ly6Clow monocytes and enhances neointima size, while monocyte/macrophage depletion and deletion of CCR2 in bone marrow cells abolish neointima formation in Nf1+/– mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that neurofibromin-MEK-ERK activation in circulating neutrophils and monocytes during arterial remodeling is nuanced and points to important cross-talk between these populations in the pathogenesis of NF1 arteriopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Tritz
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Farlyn Z Hudson
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Valerie Harris
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Bhupesh Singla
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Huiping Lin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Gabor Csanyi
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Brian K Stansfield
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. .,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, BIW6033, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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48
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Ingelfinger F, De Feo D, Becher B. GM-CSF: Master regulator of the T cell-phagocyte interface during inflammation. Semin Immunol 2021; 54:101518. [PMID: 34763973 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was sequentially redefined during the past decades. Originally described as a hematopoietic growth factor for myelopoiesis, GM-CSF was recognized as a central mediator of inflammation bridging the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Phagocytes sensing GM-CSF adapt an inflammatory phenotype and facilitate pathogen clearance. However, in the context of chronic tissue inflammation, GM-CSF secreted by tissue-invading lymphocytes has detrimental effects by licensing tissue damage and hyperinflammation. Accordingly, therapeutic intervention at the T cell-phagocyte interface represents an attractive target to ameliorate disease progression and immunopathology. Although GM-CSF is largely dispensable for steady state myelopoiesis, dysregulation, as seen in chronic inflammatory diseases, may however lead to disrupted haematopoiesis and long-term effects on bone marrow output. Here, we will survey the role of GM-CSF during inflammation, discuss the extent to which GM-CSF-secreting T cells, debate their introduction as a separate T cell lineage and explore current and future clinical implications of GM-CSF in human disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ingelfinger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Donatella De Feo
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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49
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Spiljar M, Steinbach K, Rigo D, Suárez-Zamorano N, Wagner I, Hadadi N, Vincenti I, Page N, Klimek B, Rochat MA, Kreutzfeldt M, Chevalier C, Stojanović O, Bejuy O, Colin D, Mack M, Cansever D, Greter M, Merkler D, Trajkovski M. Cold exposure protects from neuroinflammation through immunologic reprogramming. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2231-2246.e8. [PMID: 34687652 PMCID: PMC8570411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmunity is energetically costly, but the impact of a metabolically active state on immunity and immune-mediated diseases is unclear. Ly6Chi monocytes are key effectors in CNS autoimmunity with an elusive role in priming naive autoreactive T cells. Here, we provide unbiased analysis of the immune changes in various compartments during cold exposure and show that this energetically costly stimulus markedly ameliorates active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Cold exposure decreases MHCII on monocytes at steady state and in various inflammatory mouse models and suppresses T cell priming and pathogenicity through the modulation of monocytes. Genetic or antibody-mediated monocyte depletion or adoptive transfer of Th1- or Th17-polarized cells for EAE abolishes the cold-induced effects on T cells or EAE, respectively. These findings provide a mechanistic link between environmental temperature and neuroinflammation and suggest competition between cold-induced metabolic adaptations and autoimmunity as energetic trade-off beneficial for the immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Spiljar
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karin Steinbach
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dorothée Rigo
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Suárez-Zamorano
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Noushin Hadadi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ilena Vincenti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Page
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bogna Klimek
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mary-Aude Rochat
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire Chevalier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ozren Stojanović
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Bejuy
- CIBM Centre for BioMedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier Colin
- Small Animal Preclinical Imaging Platform, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dilay Cansever
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Mirko Trajkovski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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50
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Frenger MJ, Hecker C, Sindi M, Issberner A, Hartung HP, Meuth SG, Dietrich M, Albrecht P. Semi-Automated Live Tracking of Microglial Activation in CX3CR1 GFP Mice During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:761776. [PMID: 34745138 PMCID: PMC8567040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.761776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) is a non-invasive technique for real-time imaging of the retina. We developed a step-by-step protocol for the semi-automatic evaluation of myeloid cells in cSLO images from CX3CR1GFP mice, expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under control of the endogenous CX3C chemokine receptor 1 locus. We identified cSLO parameters allowing us to distinguish animals with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) from sham-treated/naïve animals. Especially cell count (CC) and the total microglial area (SuA) turned out to be reliable parameters. Comparing the cSLO results with clinical parameters, we found significant correlations between the clinical EAE score and the SuA and of the inner retinal layer thickness, measured by optical coherence tomography, with the CC as well as the SuA. As a final step, we performed immunohistochemistry to confirm that the GFP-expressing cells visualized by the cSLO are Iba1 positive and validated the step-by-step protocol against manual counting. We present a semi-automatic step-by-step protocol with a balance between fast data evaluation and adequate accuracy, which is optimized by the option to manually adapt the contrast threshold. This protocol may be useful for numerous research questions on the role of microglial polarization in models of inflammatory and degenerating CNS diseases involving the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz J. Frenger
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Hecker
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mustafa Sindi
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Issberner
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Brain and Mind Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Dietrich
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Albrecht
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
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