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Lissek S, Schlaffke L, Tegenthoff M. Microstructural properties of attention-related white matter tracts are associated with the renewal effect of extinction. Behav Brain Res 2024; 471:115125. [PMID: 38936425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The tendency to show the renewal effect of extinction appears as an intra-individually stable, reproducible processing strategy associated with differential patterns of BOLD activation in hippocampus, iFG and vmPFC, as well as differential resting-state functional connectivity between prefrontal regions and the dorsal attention network. Also, pharmacological modulations of the noradrenergic system that influence attentional processing have partially different effects upon individuals with (REN) and without (NoREN) a propensity for renewal. However, it is as yet unknown whether REN and NoREN individuals differ regarding microstructural properties in attention-related white matter (WM) regions, and whether such differences are related to noradrenergic processing. In this diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis we investigated the relation between microstructural properties of attention-related WM tracts and ABA renewal propensity, under conditions of noradrenergic stimulation by means of the noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine, compared to placebo. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was higher in participants with noradrenergic stimulation (ATO) compared to placebo (PLAC), the effect was predominantly left-lateralized and based on the comparison of ATO REN and PLAC REN participants. In REN participants of both treatment groups, FA in several WM tracts showed a positive correlation with the ABA renewal level, suggesting higher renewal levels were associated with higher microstructural integrity. These findings point towards a relation between microstructural properties of attention-related WM tracts and the propensity for renewal that is not specifically dependent on noradrenergic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Lissek
- Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Lara Schlaffke
- Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Tegenthoff
- Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
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2
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Nestor LJ, Luijten M, Ziauddeen H, Regenthal R, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW, Ersche KD. The Modulatory Effects of Atomoxetine on Aberrant Connectivity During Attentional Processing in Cocaine Use Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:314-325. [PMID: 37619670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine use disorder is associated with cognitive deficits that reflect dysfunctional processing across neural systems. Because there are currently no approved medications, treatment centers provide behavioral interventions that have only short-term efficacy. This suggests that behavioral interventions are not sufficient by themselves to lead to the maintenance of abstinence in patients with cocaine use disorder. Self-control, which includes the regulation of attention, is critical for dealing with many daily challenges that would benefit from medication interventions that can ameliorate cognitive neural disturbances. METHODS To address this important clinical gap, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design study in patients with cocaine use disorder (n = 23) and healthy control participants (n = 28). We assessed the modulatory effects of acute atomoxetine (40 mg) on attention and conflict monitoring and their associated neural activation and connectivity correlates during performance on the Eriksen flanker task. The Eriksen flanker task examines basic attentional processing using congruent stimuli and the effects of conflict monitoring and response inhibition using incongruent stimuli, the latter of which necessitates the executive control of attention. RESULTS We found that atomoxetine improved task accuracy only in the cocaine group but modulated connectivity within distinct brain networks in both groups during congruent trials. During incongruent trials, the cocaine group showed increased task-related activation in the right inferior frontal and anterior cingulate gyri, as well as greater network connectivity than the control group across treatments. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the current study support a modulatory effect of acute atomoxetine on attention and associated connectivity in cocaine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J Nestor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Maartje Luijten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hisham Ziauddeen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Fiona Stanley and Fremantle Hospital Group, Perth, Australia
| | - Ralf Regenthal
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen D Ersche
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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3
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Lin CP, Frigerio I, Bol JGJM, Bouwman MMA, Wesseling AJ, Dahl MJ, Rozemuller AJM, van der Werf YD, Pouwels PJW, van de Berg WDJ, Jonkman LE. Microstructural integrity of the locus coeruleus and its tracts reflect noradrenergic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:9. [PMID: 38336865 PMCID: PMC10854137 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degeneration of the locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic system contributes to clinical symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to evaluate the integrity of the LC noradrenergic system. The aim of the current study was to determine whether the diffusion MRI-measured integrity of the LC and its tracts are sensitive to noradrenergic degeneration in AD and PD. METHODS Post-mortem in situ T1-weighted and multi-shell diffusion MRI was performed for 9 AD, 14 PD, and 8 control brain donors. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity were derived from the LC, and from tracts between the LC and the anterior cingulate cortex, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the primary motor cortex (M1) or the hippocampus. Brain tissue sections of the LC and cortical regions were obtained and immunostained for dopamine-beta hydroxylase (DBH) to quantify noradrenergic cell density and fiber load. Group comparisons and correlations between outcome measures were performed using linear regression and partial correlations. RESULTS The AD and PD cases showed loss of LC noradrenergic cells and fibers. In the cortex, the AD cases showed increased DBH + immunoreactivity in the DLPFC compared to PD cases and controls, while PD cases showed reduced DBH + immunoreactivity in the M1 compared to controls. Higher FA within the LC was found for AD, which was correlated with loss of noradrenergic cells and fibers in the LC. Increased FA of the LC-DLPFC tract was correlated with LC noradrenergic fiber loss in the combined AD and control group, whereas the increased FA of the LC-M1 tract was correlated with LC noradrenergic neuronal loss in the combined PD and control group. The tract alterations were not correlated with cortical DBH + immunoreactivity. CONCLUSIONS In AD and PD, the diffusion MRI-detected alterations within the LC and its tracts to the DLPFC and the M1 were associated with local noradrenergic neuronal loss within the LC, rather than noradrenergic changes in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Pei Lin
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Irene Frigerio
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John G J M Bol
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maud M A Bouwman
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex J Wesseling
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Dahl
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Pathology, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand D van der Werf
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Compulsivity, Impulsivity and Attention Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J W Pouwels
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura E Jonkman
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Mirabella G, Pilotto A, Rizzardi A, Montalti M, Olivola E, Zatti C, Di Caprio V, Ferrari E, Modugno N, Padovani A. Effects of dopaminergic treatment on inhibitory control differ across Hoehn and Yahr stages of Parkinson's disease. Brain Commun 2023; 6:fcad350. [PMID: 38162902 PMCID: PMC10757450 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Motor inhibitory control, a core component of cognitive control, is impaired in Parkinson's disease, dramatically impacting patients' abilities to implement goal-oriented adaptive strategies. A progressive loss of the midbrain's dopamine neurons characterizes Parkinson's disease and causes motor features responsive to dopaminergic treatments. Although such treatments restore motor symptoms, their impact on response inhibition is controversial. Most studies failed to show any effect of dopaminergic medicaments, although three studies found that these drugs selectively improved inhibitory control in early-stage patients. Importantly, all previous studies assessed only one domain of motor inhibition, i.e. reactive inhibition (the ability to react to a stop signal). The other domain, i.e. proactive inhibition (the ability to modulate reactive inhibition pre-emptively according to the current context), was utterly neglected. To re-examine this issue, we recruited cognitively unimpaired Parkinson's patients under dopaminergic treatment in the early (Hoehn and Yahr, 1-1.5, n = 20), intermediate (Hoehn and Yahr 2, n = 20), and moderate/advanced (Hoehn and Yahr, 2.5-3, n = 20) stages of the disease. Using a cross-sectional study design, we compared their performance on a simple reaction-time task and a stop-signal task randomly performed twice on dopaminergic medication (ON) and after medication withdrawal (OFF). Normative data were collected on 30 healthy controls. Results suggest that medication effects are stage-dependent. In Hoehn and Yahr 1-1.5 patients, drugs selectively impair reactive inhibition, leaving proactive inhibition unaffected. In the ON state, Hoehn and Yahr two patients experienced impaired proactive inhibition, whereas reactive inhibition is no longer affected, as it deteriorates even during the OFF state. By contrast, Hoehn and Yahr 2.5-3 patients exhibited less efficient reactive and proactive inhibition in the OFF state, and medication slightly improved proactive inhibition. This evidence aligns with the dopamine overdose hypothesis, indicating that drug administration may overdose intact dopamine circuitry in the earliest stages, impairing associated cognitive functions. In later stages, the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons prevents the overdose and can exert some beneficial effects. Thus, our findings suggest that inhibitory control assessment might help tailor pharmacological therapy across the disease stage to enhance Parkinson's disease patients' quality of life by minimizing the hampering of inhibitory control and maximizing the reduction of motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mirabella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Andrea Pilotto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy
- Laboratory of Digital Neurology and Biosensors, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy
- Department of Continuity of Care and Frailty, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia Hospital, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Andrea Rizzardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy
- Laboratory of Digital Neurology and Biosensors, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Martina Montalti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Zatti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy
- Laboratory of Digital Neurology and Biosensors, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy
- Department of Continuity of Care and Frailty, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia Hospital, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Padovani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy
- Laboratory of Digital Neurology and Biosensors, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy
- Department of Continuity of Care and Frailty, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia Hospital, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy
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5
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Zhuang Q, Qiao L, Xu L, Yao S, Chen S, Zheng X, Li J, Fu M, Li K, Vatansever D, Ferraro S, Kendrick KM, Becker B. The right inferior frontal gyrus as pivotal node and effective regulator of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical response inhibition circuit. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2023; 3:kkad016. [PMID: 38666118 PMCID: PMC10917375 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background The involvement of specific basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits in response inhibition has been extensively mapped in animal models. However, the pivotal nodes and directed causal regulation within this inhibitory circuit in humans remains controversial. Objective The main aim of the present study was to determine the causal information flow and critical nodes in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical inhibitory circuits and also to examine whether these are modulated by biological factors (i.e. sex) and behavioral performance. Methods Here, we capitalize on the recent progress in robust and biologically plausible directed causal modeling (DCM-PEB) and a large response inhibition dataset (n = 250) acquired with concomitant functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine key nodes, their causal regulation and modulation via biological variables (sex) and inhibitory performance in the inhibitory circuit encompassing the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), caudate nucleus (rCau), globus pallidum (rGP), and thalamus (rThal). Results The entire neural circuit exhibited high intrinsic connectivity and response inhibition critically increased causal projections from the rIFG to both rCau and rThal. Direct comparison further demonstrated that response inhibition induced an increasing rIFG inflow and increased the causal regulation of this region over the rCau and rThal. In addition, sex and performance influenced the functional architecture of the regulatory circuits such that women displayed increased rThal self-inhibition and decreased rThal to GP modulation, while better inhibitory performance was associated with stronger rThal to rIFG communication. Furthermore, control analyses did not reveal a similar key communication in a left lateralized model. Conclusions Together, these findings indicate a pivotal role of the rIFG as input and causal regulator of subcortical response inhibition nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhuang
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611731, China
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lei Xu
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611731, China
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Shuxia Yao
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611731, China
| | - Shuaiyu Chen
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611731, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jialin Li
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611731, China
| | - Meina Fu
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611731, China
| | - Keshuang Li
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611731, China
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Deniz Vatansever
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Stefania Ferraro
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611731, China
| | - Keith M Kendrick
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611731, China
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Benjamin Becker
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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6
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Laurencin C, Timestit N, Marques A, Duchez DD, Giordana C, Meoni S, Huddlestone M, Danaila T, Anheim M, Klinger H, Vidal T, Fatisson M, Caire C, Nourredine M, Boulinguez P, Dhelens C, Ballanger B, Prange S, Bin S, Thobois S. Efficacy and safety of clonidine for the treatment of impulse control disorder in Parkinson's disease: a multicenter, parallel, randomised, double-blind, Phase 2b Clinical trial. J Neurol 2023; 270:4851-4859. [PMID: 37338615 PMCID: PMC10511565 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11814-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are frequently encountered in Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess whether clonidine, an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, would improve ICDs. METHODS We conducted a multicentre trial in five movement disorder departments. Patients with PD and ICDs (n = 41) were enrolled in an 8-week, randomised (1:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled study of clonidine (75 μg twice a day). Randomisation and allocation to the trial group were carried out by a central computer system. The primary outcome was the change at 8 weeks in symptom severity using the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease-Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) score. A reduction of the most elevated subscore of the QUIP-RS of more than 3 points without any increase in the other QUIP-RS dimension defined success. RESULTS Between 15 May 2019 and 10 September 2021, 19 patients in the clonidine group and 20 patients in the placebo group were enrolled. The proportion difference of success in reducing QUIP-RS at 8 weeks, was 7% (one-sided upper 90% CI 27%) with 42.1% of success in the clonidine group and 35.0% in the placebo group. Compared to patients in the placebo group, patients in the clonidine group experienced a greater reduction in the total QUIP-RS score at 8 weeks (11.0 points vs. 3.6). DISCUSSION Clonidine was well tolerated but our study was not enough powerful to demonstrate significant superiority compared to placebo in reducing ICDs despite a greater reduction of total QUIP score at 8 weeks. A phase 3 study should be conducted. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered (NCT03552068) on clinicaltrials.gov on June 11, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Laurencin
- Department of Neurology C, Expert Parkinson Centre, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C - Hospices Civils de Lyon, NS-Park/F-CRIN, 69677, Bron, France.
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, INSERM, University of Lyon, 69622, Lyon, France.
| | - Noémie Timestit
- Department of Biostatistics, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ana Marques
- Department of Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Caroline Giordana
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Nice, NS-Park/F-CRIN, Nice, France
| | - Sara Meoni
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Grenoble, NS-Park/F-CRIN, Grenoble, France
| | - Marine Huddlestone
- Department of Neurology C, Expert Parkinson Centre, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C - Hospices Civils de Lyon, NS-Park/F-CRIN, 69677, Bron, France
| | - Teodor Danaila
- Department of Neurology C, Expert Parkinson Centre, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C - Hospices Civils de Lyon, NS-Park/F-CRIN, 69677, Bron, France
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- Department of Neurology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Génétique Et de Biologie Moléculaire Et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM-U964/CNRS, UMR7104/Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
- Centre de Référence Des Maladies Neurogénétiques Rares, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Klinger
- Department of Neurology C, Expert Parkinson Centre, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C - Hospices Civils de Lyon, NS-Park/F-CRIN, 69677, Bron, France
| | - Tiphaine Vidal
- Department of Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, NS-Park/F-CRIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marion Fatisson
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Catherine Caire
- Department of Neurology C, Expert Parkinson Centre, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C - Hospices Civils de Lyon, NS-Park/F-CRIN, 69677, Bron, France
| | - Mikail Nourredine
- Department of Biostatistics, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Pharmacotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Boulinguez
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, INSERM, University of Lyon, 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Carole Dhelens
- Pharmacy, FRIPHARM, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Bénédicte Ballanger
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, INSERM, University of Lyon, 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Prange
- Department of Neurology C, Expert Parkinson Centre, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C - Hospices Civils de Lyon, NS-Park/F-CRIN, 69677, Bron, France
- Marc Jeannerod Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, CNRS, UMR 5229, Bron, France
- Faculté de Medecine Et de Maieutique Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Bin
- Public Health Center, Research and Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- Department of Neurology C, Expert Parkinson Centre, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C - Hospices Civils de Lyon, NS-Park/F-CRIN, 69677, Bron, France
- Marc Jeannerod Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, CNRS, UMR 5229, Bron, France
- Faculté de Medecine Et de Maieutique Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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7
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Jafarian A, Hughes LE, Adams NE, Lanskey JH, Naessens M, Rouse MA, Murley AG, Friston KJ, Rowe JB. Neurochemistry-enriched dynamic causal models of magnetoencephalography, using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neuroimage 2023; 276:120193. [PMID: 37244323 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a hierarchical empirical Bayesian framework for testing hypotheses about neurotransmitters' concertation as empirical prior for synaptic physiology using ultra-high field magnetic resonance spectroscopy (7T-MRS) and magnetoencephalography data (MEG). A first level dynamic causal modelling of cortical microcircuits is used to infer the connectivity parameters of a generative model of individuals' neurophysiological observations. At the second level, individuals' 7T-MRS estimates of regional neurotransmitter concentration supply empirical priors on synaptic connectivity. We compare the group-wise evidence for alternative empirical priors, defined by monotonic functions of spectroscopic estimates, on subsets of synaptic connections. For efficiency and reproducibility, we used Bayesian model reduction (BMR), parametric empirical Bayes and variational Bayesian inversion. In particular, we used Bayesian model reduction to compare alternative model evidence of how spectroscopic neurotransmitter measures inform estimates of synaptic connectivity. This identifies the subset of synaptic connections that are influenced by individual differences in neurotransmitter levels, as measured by 7T-MRS. We demonstrate the method using resting-state MEG (i.e., task-free recording) and 7T-MRS data from healthy adults. Our results confirm the hypotheses that GABA concentration influences local recurrent inhibitory intrinsic connectivity in deep and superficial cortical layers, while glutamate influences the excitatory connections between superficial and deep layers and connections from superficial to inhibitory interneurons. Using within-subject split-sampling of the MEG dataset (i.e., validation by means of a held-out dataset), we show that model comparison for hypothesis testing can be highly reliable. The method is suitable for applications with magnetoencephalography or electroencephalography, and is well-suited to reveal the mechanisms of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including responses to psychopharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Jafarian
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Laura E Hughes
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Natalie E Adams
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Juliette H Lanskey
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Michelle Naessens
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Matthew A Rouse
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Alexander G Murley
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Karl J Friston
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom.
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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8
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Orlando IF, Shine JM, Robbins TW, Rowe JB, O'Callaghan C. Noradrenergic and cholinergic systems take centre stage in neuropsychiatric diseases of ageing. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 149:105167. [PMID: 37054802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Noradrenergic and cholinergic systems are among the most vulnerable brain systems in neuropsychiatric diseases of ageing, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and progressive supranuclear palsy. As these systems fail, they contribute directly to many of the characteristic cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. However, their contribution to symptoms is not sufficiently understood, and pharmacological interventions targeting noradrenergic and cholinergic systems have met with mixed success. Part of the challenge is the complex neurobiology of these systems, operating across multiple timescales, and with non-linear changes across the adult lifespan and disease course. We address these challenges in a detailed review of the noradrenergic and cholinergic systems, outlining their roles in cognition and behaviour, and how they influence neuropsychiatric symptoms in disease. By bridging across levels of analysis, we highlight opportunities for improving drug therapies and for pursuing personalised medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella F Orlando
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - James M Shine
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Claire O'Callaghan
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia.
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9
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Li T, Wang L, Piao Z, Chen K, Yu X, Wen Q, Suo D, Zhang C, Funahashi S, Pei G, Fang B, Yan T. Altered Neurovascular Coupling for Multidisciplinary Intensive Rehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1256-1266. [PMID: 36609454 PMCID: PMC9962778 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1204-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease (PD) is related to brain reorganization with restoration of cortico-subcortical networks and compensation of frontoparietal networks; however, further neural rehabilitation evidence from a multidimensional perspective is needed. To investigate how multidisciplinary intensive rehabilitation treatment affects neurovascular coupling, 31 PD patients (20 female) before and after treatment and 30 healthy controls (17 female) underwent blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging and arterial spin labeling scans. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was used to measure perfusion, and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) was used to measure neural activity. The global CBF-fALFF correlation and regional CBF/fALFF ratio were calculated as neurovascular coupling. Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) was used to evaluate treatment-related alterations in the strength and directionality of information flow. Treatment reduced CBF-fALFF correlations. The altered CBF/fALFF exhibited increases in the left angular gyrus and the right inferior parietal gyrus and decreases in the bilateral thalamus and the right superior frontal gyrus. The CBF/fALFF alteration in right superior frontal gyrus showed correlations with motor improvement. Further, DCM indicated increases in connectivity from the superior frontal gyrus and decreases from the thalamus to the inferior parietal gyrus. The benefits of rehabilitation were reflected in the dual mechanism, with restoration of executive control occurring in the initial phase of motor learning and compensation of information integration occurring in the latter phase. These findings may yield multimodal insights into the role of rehabilitation in disease modification and identify the dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus as a potential target for noninvasive neuromodulation in PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although rehabilitation has been proposed as a promising supplemental treatment for PD as it results in brain reorganization, restoring cortico-subcortical networks and eliciting compensatory activation of frontoparietal networks, further multimodal evidence of the neural mechanisms underlying rehabilitation is needed. We measured the ratio of perfusion and neural activity derived from arterial spin labeling and blood oxygenation level-dependent fMRI data and found that benefits of rehabilitation seem to be related to the dual mechanism, restoring executive control in the initial phase of motor learning and compensating for information integration in the latter phase. We also identified the dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus as a potential target for noninvasive neuromodulation in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhixin Piao
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Keke Chen
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Qiping Wen
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Dingjie Suo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shintaro Funahashi
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guangying Pei
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Boyan Fang
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Tianyi Yan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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10
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Al Lihabi A. A literature review of sleep problems and neurodevelopment disorders. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1122344. [PMID: 36911135 PMCID: PMC9995546 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1122344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep is an incredibly complex process that goes beyond relaxing and body resting. Disturbance in sleep leads to several short-term and long-term consequences. Neurodevelopmental diseases such as "autism spectrum disorder" (ASDs), Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disability commonly experience sleep disorders that affect their clinical presentation, daily function, and quality of life. DISCUSSION The incidence of sleep problems in ASD patients ranges from 32 to 71.5%, especially insomnia, while an estimated 25-50% of people with ADHD report having sleep issues in clinical settings. The incidence of sleep issues is widespread in persons with intellectual disabilities, reaching up to 86%. This article is a literature review covering the neurodevelopmental disorder interaction with sleep disorder and different management. CONCLUSION Disorders of sleep are key concerns in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. In this group of patients, sleep disorders are common and tend to be chronic. Recognizing and diagnosis of sleep disorders will enhance their function, response to treatment, and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Al Lihabi
- Taibah University, College of Medicine, psychiatry, Al Madinah AL Munawara, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Wolfschlag M, Håkansson A. Drug-Induced Gambling Disorder: Epidemiology, Neurobiology, and Management. Pharmaceut Med 2023; 37:37-52. [PMID: 36611111 PMCID: PMC9825131 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-022-00453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Problematic gambling has been suggested to be a possible consequence of dopaminergic medications used mainly in neurological conditions, i.e. pramipexole and ropinirole, and possibly by one antipsychotic compound, aripiprazole. Patients with Parkinson's disease, restless legs syndrome and other conditions potentially treated with dopamine agonists, as well as patients treated for psychotic disorders, are vulnerable patient groups with theoretically increased risk of developing gambling disorder (GD), for example due to higher rates of mental ill-health in these groups. The aim of the present paper is to review the epidemiological, clinical, and neurobiological evidence of the association between dopaminergic medications and GD, and to describe risk groups and treatment options. The neurobiology of GD involves the reward and reinforcement system, based mainly on mesocorticolimbic dopamine projections, with the nucleus accumbens being a crucial area for developing addictions to substances and behaviors. The addictive properties of gambling can perhaps be explained by the reward uncertainty that activates dopamine signaling in a pathological manner. Since reward-related learning is mediated by dopamine, it can be altered by dopaminergic medications, possibly leading to increased gambling behavior and a decreased impulse control. A causal relationship between the medications and GD seems likely, but the molecular mechanisms behind this association have not been fully described yet. More research is needed in order to fully outline the clinical picture of GD developing in patient groups with dopaminergic medications, and data are needed on the differentiation of risk in different compounds. In addition, very few interventional studies are available on the management of GD induced by dopaminergic medications. While GD overall can be treated, there is need for treatment studies testing the effectiveness of tapering of the medication or other gambling-specific treatment modalities in these patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Wolfschlag
- Malmö-Trelleborg Addiction Center, Competence Center Addiction, Region Skåne, Södra Förstadsgatan 35, plan 4, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden ,Faculty of Medicine, Dept of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Håkansson
- Malmö-Trelleborg Addiction Center, Competence Center Addiction, Region Skåne, Södra Förstadsgatan 35, plan 4, S-205 02, Malmö, Sweden. .,Faculty of Medicine, Dept of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden.
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12
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Dissociable behavioural signatures of co-existing impulsivity and apathy in decision-making. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21476. [PMID: 36509827 PMCID: PMC9744918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Apathy and impulsivity are expressed in a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders, and, to a less severe extent, in healthy people too. Although traditionally considered to be opposite extremes of a single motivational spectrum, recent epidemiological questionnaire-based data suggest that both traits can in fact co-exist within the same individual. Here, we sought to investigate the relationship between these constructs in healthy people within a controlled task environment that examines the ability to make a decision under temporal uncertainty and measures the vigour of the response. Sixty participants performed a new version of the Traffic Light Task and completed self-report questionnaire measures of apathy and impulsivity. The task required individuals to make rapid decision-making for time-sensitive reward by squeezing a hand-held dynamometer as quickly as possible after a predictable event occurred (a traffic light turning green). Although apathy and impulsivity were positively correlated in questionnaire assessments, the two traits were associated with distinct behavioural signatures on the task. Impulsivity was expressed as an inflexible tendency to generate rapid anticipatory responses, regardless of cost-benefit information. Apathy, on the other hand, was associated with a blunted effect of reward on response vigour. These findings reveal how apathy and impulsivity are related to distinct dimensions of goal-directed behaviour, explaining how these traits might co-exist in the same individuals.
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13
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Zhukovsky P, Morein-Zamir S, Ziauddeen H, Fernandez-Egea E, Meng C, Regenthal R, Sahakian BJ, Bullmore ET, Robbins TW, Dalley JW, Ersche KD. Prefrontal Cortex Activation and Stopping Performance Underlie the Beneficial Effects of Atomoxetine on Response Inhibition in Healthy Volunteers and Those With Cocaine Use Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:1116-1126. [PMID: 34508901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired response inhibition in individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD) is hypothesized to depend on deficient noradrenergic signaling in corticostriatal networks. Remediation of noradrenergic neurotransmission with selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors such as atomoxetine may therefore have clinical utility to improve response inhibitory control in CUD. METHODS We carried out a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study with 26 participants with CUD and 28 control volunteers investigating the neural substrates of stop-signal inhibitory control. The effects of a single dose of atomoxetine (40 mg) were compared with placebo on stop-signal reaction time performance and functional network connectivity using dynamic causal modeling. RESULTS We found that atomoxetine speeded Go response times in both control participants and those with CUD. Improvements in stopping efficiency on atomoxetine were conditional on baseline (placebo) stopping performance and were directly associated with increased inferior frontal gyrus activation. Further, stopping performance, task-based brain activation, and effective connectivity were similar in the 2 groups. Dynamic causal modeling of effective connectivity of multiple prefrontal and basal ganglia regions replicated and extended previous models of network function underlying inhibitory control to CUD and control volunteers and showed subtle effects of atomoxetine on prefrontal-basal ganglia interactions. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that atomoxetine improves response inhibition in a baseline-dependent manner in control participants and in those with CUD. Our results emphasize inferior frontal cortex function as a future treatment target owing to its key role in improving response inhibition in CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zhukovsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Morein-Zamir
- School of Psychology and Sports Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hisham Ziauddeen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emilio Fernandez-Egea
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chun Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Regenthal
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edward T Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area Unit, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen D Ersche
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Institut of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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14
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Prefrontal Cortical Connectivity Mediates Locus Coeruleus Noradrenergic Regulation of Inhibitory Control in Older Adults. J Neurosci 2022; 42:3484-3493. [PMID: 35277392 PMCID: PMC9034774 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1361-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Response inhibition is a core executive function enabling adaptive behavior in dynamic environments. Human and animal models indicate that inhibitory control and control networks are modulated by noradrenaline, arising from the locus coeruleus. The integrity (i.e., cellular density) of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system can be estimated from magnetization transfer (MT)-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in view of neuromelanin present in noradrenergic neurons of older adults. Noradrenergic psychopharmacological studies indicate noradrenergic modulation of prefrontal and frontostriatal stopping-circuits in association with behavioral change. Here, we test the noradrenergic hypothesis of inhibitory control, in healthy adults. We predicted that locus coeruleus integrity is associated with age-adjusted variance in response inhibition, mediated by changes in connectivity between frontal inhibitory control regions. In a preregistered analysis, we used MT MRI images from N = 63 healthy humans aged above 50 years (of either sex) who performed a Stop-Signal Task (SST), with atlas-based measurement of locus coeruleus contrast. We confirm that better response inhibition is correlated with locus coeruleus integrity and stronger connectivity between presupplementary motor area (preSMA) and right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), but not volumes of the prefrontal cortical regions. We confirmed a significant role of prefrontal connectivity in mediating the effect of individual differences in the locus coeruleus on behavior, where this effect was moderated by age, over and above adjustment for the mean effects of age. Our results support the hypothesis that in normal populations, as in clinical settings, the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system regulates inhibitory control.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We show that the integrity of the locus coeruleus, the principal source of cortical noradrenaline, is related to the efficiency of response inhibition in healthy older adults. This effect is in part mediated by its effect on functional connectivity in a prefrontal cortical stopping-network. The behavioral effect, and its mediation by connectivity, are moderated by age. This supports the psychopharmacological and genetic evidence for the noradrenergic regulation of behavioral control, in a population-based normative cohort. Noradrenergic treatment strategies may be effective to improve behavioral control in impulsive clinical populations, but age, and locus coeruleus integrity, are likely to be important stratification factors.
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15
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Cools R, Tichelaar JG, Helmich RCG, Bloem BR, Esselink RAJ, Smulders K, Timmer MHM. Role of dopamine and clinical heterogeneity in cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 269:309-343. [PMID: 35248200 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is commonly treated with dopaminergic medication, which enhances some, while impairing other cognitive functions. It can even contribute to impulse control disorder and addiction. We describe the history of research supporting the dopamine overdose hypothesis, which accounts for the large within-patient variability in dopaminergic medication effects across different tasks by referring to the spatially non-uniform pattern of dopamine depletion in dorsal versus ventral striatum. However, there is tremendous variability in dopaminergic medication effects not just within patients across distinct tasks, but also across different patients. In the second part of this chapter we review recent studies addressing the large individual variability in the negative side effects of dopaminergic medication on functions that implicate dopamine, such as value-based learning and choice. These studies begin to unravel the mechanisms of dopamine overdosing, thus revising the strict version of the overdose hypothesis. For example, the work shows that the canonical boosting of reward-versus punishment-based choice by medication is greater in patients with depression and a non-tremor phenotype, which both implicate, among other pathology, more rather than less severe dysregulation of the mesolimbic dopamine system. Future longitudinal cohort studies are needed to identify how to optimally combine different clinical, personality, cognitive, neural, genetic and molecular predictors of detrimental medication effects in order to account for as much of the relevant variability as possible. This will provide a useful tool for precision neurology, allowing individual and contextual tailoring of (the dose of) dopaminergic medication in order to maximize its cognitive benefits, yet minimize its side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Cools
- Radboud university medical center, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jorryt G Tichelaar
- Radboud university medical center, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rick C G Helmich
- Radboud university medical center, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Radboud university medical center, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne A J Esselink
- Radboud university medical center, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrijn Smulders
- Radboud university medical center, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique H M Timmer
- Radboud university medical center, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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16
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Ye R, Mazibuko N, Teichert J, Regenthal R, Kehagia AA, Mehta MA. Mapping the effects of atomoxetine during response inhibition across cortical territories and the locus coeruleus. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:365-376. [PMID: 34693457 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The effects of atomoxetine (ATO) on response inhibition have been typically examined using the stop signal task (SST) which is however confounded by attentional capture. The right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC) has been implicated in the modulation of ATO on inhibitory control, but a precise characterisation of its role is complicated by its functional inhomogeneity. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to directly investigate the effect of ATO in the SST using the imaging contrast unconfounded by attentional capture, to test the specific drug actions in functionally dissociable rIFC subregions, and to explore the role of locus coeruleus (LC), the main source of cortical noradrenaline, in mediating the drug effects. METHODS This imaging study investigated the effect of ATO (40 mg) in 18 human participants during a modified SST that unconfounds attention from inhibition. Functional definitions for rIFC subdivisions were adopted in the analyses to isolate attention and inhibition during action cancellation. The LC integrity was measured in vivo using a neuromelanin-sensitive sequence. RESULTS We identified one mechanism of ATO modulation specific to inhibitory control: ATO enhanced activity in pre-supplementary area (pre-SMA) for motor inhibition, and the recruitment of temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and inferior frontal junction (IFJ) for functional integration during response inhibition. Moreover, drug-related behavioural and neural responses correlated with variations in LC integrity. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a more nuanced and precise understanding of the effects of ATO on specific and domain general aspects of stopping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ye
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospital NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK. .,Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Ndabezinhle Mazibuko
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jens Teichert
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Regenthal
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angie A Kehagia
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,University College Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mitul A Mehta
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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17
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Zhou C, Guo T, Bai X, Wu J, Gao T, Guan X, Liu X, Gu L, Huang P, Xuan M, Gu Q, Xu X, Zhang B, Zhang M. Locus coeruleus degeneration is associated with disorganized functional topology in Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 32:102873. [PMID: 34749290 PMCID: PMC8578042 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Degeneration of the locus coeruleus (LC) is recognized as a critical hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent studies have reported that noradrenaline produced from the LC has critical effects on brain functional organization. However, it is unknown if LC degeneration in PD contributes to cognitive/motor manifestations through modulating brain functional organization. This study enrolled 94 PD patients and 68 healthy controls, and LC integrity was measured using the contrast-to-noise ratio of the LC (CNRLC) calculated from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. We used graph-theory-based network analysis to characterize brain functional organization. The relationships among LC degeneration, network disruption, and cognitive/motor manifestations in PD were assessed. Whether network disruption was a mediator between LC degeneration and cognitive/motor impairments was assessed further. In addition, an independent PD subgroup (n = 35) having functional magnetic resonance scanning before and after levodopa administration was enrolled to evaluate whether LC degeneration-related network deficiencies were independent of dopamine deficiency. We demonstrated that PD patients have significant LC degeneration compared to healthy controls. CNRLC was positively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment score and the nodal efficiency (NE) of several cognitive-related regions. Lower NE of the superior temporal gyrus was a mediator between LC degeneration and cognitive impairment in PD. However, levodopa treatment could not normalize the reduced NE of the superior temporal gyrus (mediator). In conclusion, we provided evidence for the relationship between LC degeneration and extensive network disruption in PD, and highlight the role of network disorganization in LC degeneration-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310000 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310000 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xueqin Bai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310000 Hangzhou, China.
| | - JingJing Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310000 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310000 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaojun Guan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310000 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaocao Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310000 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Luyan Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310000 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310000 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Min Xuan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310000 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Quanquan Gu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310000 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310000 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310000 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310000 Hangzhou, China.
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18
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The motor inhibitory network in patients with asymmetrical Parkinson's disease: An fMRI study. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:1349-1361. [PMID: 35020124 PMCID: PMC9107438 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent imaging studies with the stop-signal task in healthy individuals indicate that the subthalamic nucleus, the pre-supplementary motor area and the inferior frontal gyrus are key components of the right hemisphere “inhibitory network”. Limited information is available regarding neural substrates of inhibitory processing in patients with asymmetric Parkinson’s disease. The aim of the current fMRI study was to identify the neural changes underlying deficient inhibitory processing on the stop-signal task in patients with predominantly left-sided Parkinson’s disease. Fourteen patients and 23 healthy controls performed a stop-signal task with the left and right hands. Behaviorally, patients showed delayed response inhibition with either hand compared to controls. We found small imaging differences for the right hand, however for the more affected left hand when behavior was successfully inhibited we found reduced activation of the inferior frontal gyrus bilaterally and the insula. Using the stop-signal delay as regressor, contralateral underactivation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal and anterior putamen were found in patients. This finding indicates dysfunction of the right inhibitory network in left-sided Parkinson’s disease. Functional connectivity analysis of the left subthalamic nucleus showed a significant increase of connectivity with bilateral insula. In contrast, the right subthalamic nucleus showed increased connectivity with visuomotor and sensorimotor regions of the cerebellum. We conclude that altered inhibitory control in left-sided Parkinson’s disease is associated with reduced activation in regions dedicated to inhibition in healthy controls, which requires engagement of additional regions, not observed in controls, to successfully stop ongoing actions.
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19
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Cools R, Arnsten AFT. Neuromodulation of prefrontal cortex cognitive function in primates: the powerful roles of monoamines and acetylcholine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:309-328. [PMID: 34312496 PMCID: PMC8617291 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) subserves our highest order cognitive operations, and yet is tremendously dependent on a precise neurochemical environment for proper functioning. Depletion of noradrenaline and dopamine, or of acetylcholine from the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC), is as devastating as removing the cortex itself, and serotonergic influences are also critical to proper functioning of the orbital and medial PFC. Most neuromodulators have a narrow inverted U dose response, which coordinates arousal state with cognitive state, and contributes to cognitive deficits with fatigue or uncontrollable stress. Studies in monkeys have revealed the molecular signaling mechanisms that govern the generation and modulation of mental representations by the dlPFC, allowing dynamic regulation of network strength, a process that requires tight regulation to prevent toxic actions, e.g., as occurs with advanced age. Brain imaging studies in humans have observed drug and genotype influences on a range of cognitive tasks and on PFC circuit functional connectivity, e.g., showing that catecholamines stabilize representations in a baseline-dependent manner. Research in monkeys has already led to new treatments for cognitive disorders in humans, encouraging future research in this important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Cools
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Amy F T Arnsten
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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20
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Wang D, Liang S. Dynamic Causal Modeling on the Identification of Interacting Networks in the Brain: A Systematic Review. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2021; 29:2299-2311. [PMID: 34714747 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2021.3123964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) has long been used to characterize effective connectivity within networks of distributed neuronal responses. Previous reviews have highlighted the understanding of the conceptual basis behind DCM and its variants from different aspects. However, no detailed summary or classification research on the task-related effective connectivity of various brain regions has been made formally available so far, and there is also a lack of application analysis of DCM for hemodynamic and electrophysiological measurements. This review aims to analyze the effective connectivity of different brain regions using DCM for different measurement data. We found that, in general, most studies focused on the networks between different cortical regions, and the research on the networks between other deep subcortical nuclei or between them and the cerebral cortex are receiving increasing attention, but far from the same scale. Our analysis also reveals a clear bias towards some task types. Based on these results, we identify and discuss several promising research directions that may help the community to attain a clear understanding of the brain network interactions under different tasks.
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21
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O’Callaghan C, Hezemans FH, Ye R, Rua C, Jones PS, Murley AG, Holland N, Regenthal R, Tsvetanov KA, Wolpe N, Barker RA, Williams-Gray CH, Robbins TW, Passamonti L, Rowe JB. Locus coeruleus integrity and the effect of atomoxetine on response inhibition in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2021; 144:2513-2526. [PMID: 33783470 PMCID: PMC7611672 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is a common feature of Parkinson's disease, and many of these cognitive deficits fail to respond to dopaminergic therapy. Therefore, targeting other neuromodulatory systems represents an important therapeutic strategy. Among these, the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline system has been extensively implicated in response inhibition deficits. Restoring noradrenaline levels using the noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine can improve response inhibition in some patients with Parkinson's disease, but there is considerable heterogeneity in treatment response. Accurately predicting the patients who would benefit from therapies targeting this neurotransmitter system remains a critical goal, in order to design the necessary clinical trials with stratified patient selection to establish the therapeutic potential of atomoxetine. Here, we test the hypothesis that integrity of the noradrenergic locus coeruleus explains the variation in improvement of response inhibition following atomoxetine. In a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized crossover design, 19 patients with Parkinson's disease completed an acute psychopharmacological challenge with 40 mg of oral atomoxetine or placebo. A stop-signal task was used to measure response inhibition, with stop-signal reaction times obtained through hierarchical Bayesian estimation of an ex-Gaussian race model. Twenty-six control subjects completed the same task without undergoing the drug manipulation. In a separate session, patients and controls underwent ultra-high field 7 T imaging of the locus coeruleus using a neuromelanin-sensitive magnetization transfer sequence. The principal result was that atomoxetine improved stop-signal reaction times in those patients with lower locus coeruleus integrity. This was in the context of a general impairment in response inhibition, as patients on placebo had longer stop-signal reaction times compared to controls. We also found that the caudal portion of the locus coeruleus showed the largest neuromelanin signal decrease in the patients compared to controls. Our results highlight a link between the integrity of the noradrenergic locus coeruleus and response inhibition in patients with Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, they demonstrate the importance of baseline noradrenergic state in determining the response to atomoxetine. We suggest that locus coeruleus neuromelanin imaging offers a marker of noradrenergic capacity that could be used to stratify patients in trials of noradrenergic therapy and to ultimately inform personalized treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire O’Callaghan
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Frank H Hezemans
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Rong Ye
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Catarina Rua
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge 04107, UK
| | - P Simon Jones
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Alexander G Murley
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Negin Holland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Ralf Regenthal
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 69978, Germany
| | - Kamen A Tsvetanov
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Noham Wolpe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
- Wellcome Trust—Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Caroline H Williams-Gray
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Luca Passamonti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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22
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Holland N, Robbins TW, Rowe JB. The role of noradrenaline in cognition and cognitive disorders. Brain 2021; 144:2243-2256. [PMID: 33725122 PMCID: PMC8418349 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many aspects of cognition and behaviour are regulated by noradrenergic projections to the forebrain originating from the locus coeruleus, acting through alpha and beta adrenoreceptors. Loss of these projections is common in neurodegenerative diseases and contributes to their cognitive and behavioural deficits. We review the evidence for a noradrenergic modulation of cognition in its contribution to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and other cognitive disorders. We discuss the advances in human imaging and computational methods that quantify the locus coeruleus and its function in humans, and highlight the potential for new noradrenergic treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Holland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK
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23
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Zhou C, Guo T, Wu J, Wang L, Bai X, Gao T, Guan X, Gu L, Huang P, Xuan M, Gu Q, Xu X, Zhang B, Cheng W, Feng J, Zhang M. Locus Coeruleus Degeneration Correlated with Levodopa Resistance in Parkinson's Disease: A Retrospective Analysis. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 11:1631-1640. [PMID: 34366373 PMCID: PMC8609680 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: The widely divergent responsiveness of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients to levodopa is an important clinical issue because of its relationship with quality of life and disease prognosis. Preliminary animal experiments have suggested that degeneration of the locus coeruleus (LC) attenuates the efficacy of levodopa treatment. Objective: To explore the relationship between LC degeneration and levodopa responsiveness in PD patients in vivo. Methods: Neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI), a good indicator of LC and substantia nigra (SN) degeneration, and levodopa challenge tests were conducted in 57 PD patients. Responsiveness to levodopa was evaluated by the rates of change of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III score and somatomotor network synchronization calculated from resting-state functional MRI before and after levodopa administration. Next, we assessed the relationship between the contrast-to-noise ratio of LC (CNRLC) and levodopa responsiveness. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to rule out the potential influence of SN degeneration on levodopa responsiveness. Results: A significant positive correlation was found between CNRLC and the motor improvement after levodopa administration (R = 0.421, p = 0.004). CNRLC also correlated with improvement in somatomotor network synchronization (R = –0.323, p = 0.029). Furthermore, the relationship between CNRLC and levodopa responsiveness was independent of SN degeneration. Conclusion: LC degeneration might be an essential factor for levodopa resistance. LC evaluation using NM-MRI might be an alternative tool for predicting levodopa responsiveness and for helping to stratify patients into clinical trials aimed at improving the efficacy of levodopa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - JingJing Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqin Bai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Guan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luyan Gu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Xuan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quanquan Gu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Pérez-Santos I, Palomero-Gallagher N, Zilles K, Cavada C. Distribution of the Noradrenaline Innervation and Adrenoceptors in the Macaque Monkey Thalamus. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4115-4139. [PMID: 34003210 PMCID: PMC8328208 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Noradrenaline (NA) in the thalamus has important roles in physiological, pharmacological, and pathological neuromodulation. In this work, a complete characterization of NA axons and Alpha adrenoceptors distributions is provided. NA axons, revealed by immunohistochemistry against the synthesizing enzyme and the NA transporter, are present in all thalamic nuclei. The most densely innervated ones are the midline nuclei, intralaminar nuclei (paracentral and parafascicular), and the medial sector of the mediodorsal nucleus (MDm). The ventral motor nuclei and most somatosensory relay nuclei receive a moderate NA innervation. The pulvinar complex receives a heterogeneous innervation. The lateral geniculate nucleus (GL) has the lowest NA innervation. Alpha adrenoceptors were analyzed by in vitro quantitative autoradiography. Alpha-1 receptor densities are higher than Alpha-2 densities. Overall, axonal densities and Alpha adrenoceptor densities coincide; although some mismatches were identified. The nuclei with the highest Alpha-1 values are MDm, the parvocellular part of the ventral posterior medial nucleus, medial pulvinar, and midline nuclei. The nucleus with the lowest Alpha-1 receptor density is GL. Alpha-2 receptor densities are highest in the lateral dorsal, centromedian, medial and inferior pulvinar, and midline nuclei. These results suggest a role for NA in modulating thalamic involvement in consciousness, limbic, cognitive, and executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pérez-Santos
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Carmen Cavada
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Kocagoncu E, Klimovich-Gray A, Hughes LE, Rowe JB. Evidence and implications of abnormal predictive coding in dementia. Brain 2021; 144:3311-3321. [PMID: 34240109 PMCID: PMC8677549 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of cognitive deficits and neuropathological processes associated with dementias has encouraged divergence in pathophysiological explanations of disease. Here, we review an alternative framework that emphasizes convergent critical features of cognitive pathophysiology. Rather than the loss of ‘memory centres’ or ‘language centres’, or singular neurotransmitter systems, cognitive deficits are interpreted in terms of aberrant predictive coding in hierarchical neural networks. This builds on advances in normative accounts of brain function, specifically the Bayesian integration of beliefs and sensory evidence in which hierarchical predictions and prediction errors underlie memory, perception, speech and behaviour. We describe how analogous impairments in predictive coding in parallel neurocognitive systems can generate diverse clinical phenomena, including the characteristics of dementias. The review presents evidence from behavioural and neurophysiological studies of perception, language, memory and decision-making. The reformulation of cognitive deficits in terms of predictive coding has several advantages. It brings diverse clinical phenomena into a common framework; it aligns cognitive and movement disorders; and it makes specific predictions on cognitive physiology that support translational and experimental medicine studies. The insights into complex human cognitive disorders from the predictive coding framework may therefore also inform future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Kocagoncu
- Cambridge Centre for Frontotemporal Dementia, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Laura E Hughes
- Cambridge Centre for Frontotemporal Dementia, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Cambridge Centre for Frontotemporal Dementia, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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26
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Livermore JJA, Holmes CL, Cutler J, Levstek M, Moga G, Brittain JRC, Campbell-Meiklejohn D. Selective effects of serotonin on choices to gather more information. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:631-640. [PMID: 33601931 PMCID: PMC8278551 DOI: 10.1177/0269881121991571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gathering and evaluating information leads to better decisions, but often at cost. The balance between information seeking and exploitation features in neurodevelopmental, mood, psychotic and substance-related disorders. Serotonin's role has been highlighted by experimental reduction of its precursor, tryptophan. AIMS We tested the boundaries and applicability of this role by asking whether changes to information sampling would be observed following acute doses of serotonergic and catecholaminergic clinical treatments. We used a variant of the Information Sampling Task (IST) to measure how much information a person requires before they make a decision. This task allows participants to sample information until satisfied to make a choice. METHODS In separate double-blind placebo-controlled experiments, we tested 27 healthy participants on/off 20 mg of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) citalopram, and 22 participants on/off 40 mg of the noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine. The IST variant minimised effects of temporal impulsivity and loss aversion. Analyses used a variety of participant prior expectations of sampling spaces in the IST, including a new prior that accounts for learning of likely states across trials. We analysed behaviour by a new method that also accounts for baseline individual differences of risk preference. RESULTS Baseline preferences demonstrated risk aversion. Citalopram decreased the expected utility of choices and probability of being correct based on informational content of samples collected, suggesting participants collected less useful information before making a choice. Atomoxetine did not influence information seeking. CONCLUSION Acute changes of serotonin activity by way of a single SRI dose alter information-seeking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- James JA Livermore
- Sussex Neuroscience/School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Clare L Holmes
- Sussex Neuroscience/School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Jo Cutler
- Sussex Neuroscience/School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maruša Levstek
- Sussex Neuroscience/School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Gyorgy Moga
- Sussex Neuroscience/School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - James RC Brittain
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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27
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Ruitenberg MFL, van Wouwe NC, Wylie SA, Abrahamse EL. The role of dopamine in action control: Insights from medication effects in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:158-170. [PMID: 33905788 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder associated primarily with overt motor symptoms. Several studies show that PD is additionally accompanied by impairments in covert cognitive processes underlying goal-directed motor functioning (e.g., action planning, conflict adaptation, inhibition), and that dopaminergic medication may modulate these action control components. In this review we aim to leverage findings from studies in this domain to elucidate the role of dopamine (DA) in action control. A qualitative review of studies that investigated the effects of medication status (on vs. off) on action control in PD suggests a component-specific role for DA in action control, although the expression of medication effects depends on characteristics of both the patients and experimental tasks used to measure action control. We discuss these results in the light of findings from other research lines examining the role of DA in action control (e.g., animal research, pharmacology), and recommend that future studies use multi-method, within-subject approaches to model DA effects on action control across different components as well as underlying striatal pathways (ventral vs. dorsal).
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Affiliation(s)
- M F L Ruitenberg
- Department of Health, Medical and Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - N C van Wouwe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - S A Wylie
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - E L Abrahamse
- Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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28
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Grassi G, Albani G, Terenzi F, Razzolini L, Ramat S. New pharmacological and neuromodulation approaches for impulsive-compulsive behaviors in Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:2673-2682. [PMID: 33852081 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A significant proportion of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) display a set of impulsive-compulsive behaviors at some point during the course of illness. These behaviors range from the so-called behavioral addictions to dopamine dysregulation syndrome, punding and hoarding disorders. These behaviors have been consistently linked to the use of dopaminergic medications used to treat PD motor symptoms (dopamine agonists, levodopa, and other agents) and less consistently to neuromodulation techniques such as deep brain stimulation (DBS). Since there are still no approved treatments for these conditions, their pharmacological management is still a big challenge for clinicians. METHODS We conducted an extensive review of current pharmacological and neuromodulation literature for the management of impulsive-compulsive disorders in PD patients. RESULTS Pharmacological treatment approaches for impulsive-compulsive behaviors and DDS in PD patients include reduction of levodopa (LD), reduction/cessation of dopamine agonist (DA), and initiation of infusion therapies (apomorphine infusion and duodopa). Also, atomoxetine, a noradrenergic agent approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, showed some interesting preliminary results but there is still a lack of controlled longitudinal studies. Finally, while DBS effects on impulsive-compulsive disorders are still controversial, non-invasive techniques (such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation) could have a potential positive effect but, again, there is still a lack of controlled trials. CONCLUSION Managing impulsivity and compulsivity in PD patients is still a non-evidence-based challenge for clinicians. Controlled trials on promising approaches such as atomoxetine and non-invasive neuromodulation techniques are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Grassi
- Brain Center Firenze, Viale Belfiore 36, 5014, Florence, Italy.
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Razzolini
- Brain Center Firenze, Viale Belfiore 36, 5014, Florence, Italy.,University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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29
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Salvatore MF, Soto I, Alphonso H, Cunningham R, James R, Nejtek VA. Is there a Neurobiological Rationale for the Utility of the Iowa Gambling Task in Parkinson's Disease? JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 11:405-419. [PMID: 33361612 PMCID: PMC8150623 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Up to 23% of newly diagnosed, non-demented, Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients experience deficits in executive functioning (EF). In fact, EF deficits may occur up to 39-months prior to the onset of motor decline. Optimal EF requires working memory, attention, cognitive flexibility, and response inhibition underlying appropriate decision-making. The capacity for making strategic decisions requires inhibiting imprudent decisions and are associated with noradrenergic and dopaminergic signaling in prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex. Catecholaminergic dysfunction and the loss of noradrenergic and dopaminergic cell bodies early in PD progression in the aforementioned cortical areas likely contribute to EF deficits resulting in non-strategic decision-making. Thus, detecting these deficits early in the disease process could help identify a significant portion of individuals with PD pathology (14–60%) before frank motor impairment. A task to evaluate EF in the domain of non-strategic decision-making might be useful to indicate the moderate loss of catecholamines that occurs early in PD pathology prior to motor decline and cognitive impairment. In this review, we focus on the potential utility of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) for this purpose, given significant overlap between in loss of dopaminergic and noradrenergic cells bodies in early PD and the deficits in catecholamine function associated with decreased EF. As such, given the loss of catecholamines already well-underway after PD diagnosis, we evaluate the potential utility of the IGT to identify the risk of therapeutic non-compliance and a potential companion approach to detect PD in premotor stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Salvatore
- Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Isabel Soto
- Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Helene Alphonso
- John Peter Smith Health Network, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Cunningham
- College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Rachael James
- Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Vicki A Nejtek
- Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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Augustine A, Winstanley CA, Krishnan V. Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: From Bench to Bedside. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:654238. [PMID: 33790738 PMCID: PMC8006437 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.654238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by symptoms that impact both motor and non-motor domains. Outside of motor impairments, PD patients are at risk for impulse control disorders (ICDs), which include excessively disabling impulsive and compulsive behaviors. ICD symptoms in PD (PD + ICD) can be broadly conceptualized as a synergistic interaction between dopamine agonist therapy and the many molecular and circuit-level changes intrinsic to PD. Aside from discontinuing dopamine agonist treatment, there remains a lack of consensus on how to best address ICD symptoms in PD. In this review, we explore recent advances in the molecular and neuroanatomical mechanisms underlying ICD symptoms in PD by summarizing a rapidly accumulating body of clinical and preclinical studies, with a special focus on the utility of rodent models in gaining new insights into the neurochemical basis of PD + ICD. We also discuss the relevance of these findings to the broader problem of impulsive and compulsive behaviors that impact a range of neuropsychiatric syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Augustine
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Catharine A Winstanley
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vaishnav Krishnan
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Meyer GM, Spay C, Beliakova A, Gaugain G, Pezzoli G, Ballanger B, Boulinguez P, Cilia R. Inhibitory control dysfunction in parkinsonian impulse control disorders. Brain 2021; 143:3734-3747. [PMID: 33320929 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson's disease have been associated with dysfunctions in the control of value- or reward-based responding (choice impulsivity) and abnormalities in mesocorticolimbic circuits. The hypothesis that dysfunctions in the control of response inhibition (action impulsivity) also play a role in Parkinson's disease ICDs has recently been raised, but the underlying neural mechanisms have not been probed directly. We used high-resolution EEG recordings from 41 patients with Parkinson's disease with and without ICDs to track the spectral and dynamical signatures of different mechanisms involved in inhibitory control in a simple visuomotor task involving no selection between competing responses and no reward to avoid potential confounds with reward-based decision. Behaviourally, patients with Parkinson's disease with ICDs proved to be more impulsive than those without ICDs. This was associated with decreased beta activity in the precuneus and in a region of the medial frontal cortex centred on the supplementary motor area. The underlying dynamical patterns pinpointed dysfunction of proactive inhibitory control, an executive mechanism intended to gate motor responses in anticipation of stimulation in uncertain contexts. The alteration of the cortical drive of proactive response inhibition in Parkinson's disease ICDs pinpoints the neglected role the precuneus might play in higher order executive functions in coordination with the supplementary motor area, specifically for switching between executive settings. Clinical perspectives are discussed in the light of the non-dopaminergic basis of this function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garance M Meyer
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM, U 1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, F-69000, France.,CNRS, UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Charlotte Spay
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM, U 1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, F-69000, France.,CNRS, UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Alina Beliakova
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM, U 1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, F-69000, France.,CNRS, UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Gabriel Gaugain
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM, U 1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, F-69000, France.,CNRS, UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson, Milan, Italy.,Previous affiliation: Parkinson Institute, ASST "Gaetano Pini-CTO", Milan, Italy
| | - Bénédicte Ballanger
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM, U 1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, F-69000, France.,CNRS, UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Philippe Boulinguez
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM, U 1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, F-69000, France.,CNRS, UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Roberto Cilia
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Milan, Italy.,Previous affiliation: Parkinson Institute, ASST "Gaetano Pini-CTO", Milan, Italy
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Tsvetanov KA, Henson RNA, Rowe JB. Separating vascular and neuronal effects of age on fMRI BOLD signals. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20190631. [PMID: 33190597 PMCID: PMC7741031 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate identification of brain function is necessary to understand the neurobiology of cognitive ageing, and thereby promote well-being across the lifespan. A common tool used to investigate neurocognitive ageing is functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, although fMRI data are often interpreted in terms of neuronal activity, the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal measured by fMRI includes contributions of both vascular and neuronal factors, which change differentially with age. While some studies investigate vascular ageing factors, the results of these studies are not well known within the field of neurocognitive ageing and therefore vascular confounds in neurocognitive fMRI studies are common. Despite over 10 000 BOLD-fMRI papers on ageing, fewer than 20 have applied techniques to correct for vascular effects. However, neurovascular ageing is not only a confound in fMRI, but an important feature in its own right, to be assessed alongside measures of neuronal ageing. We review current approaches to dissociate neuronal and vascular components of BOLD-fMRI of regional activity and functional connectivity. We highlight emerging evidence that vascular mechanisms in the brain do not simply control blood flow to support the metabolic needs of neurons, but form complex neurovascular interactions that influence neuronal function in health and disease. This article is part of the theme issue 'Key relationships between non-invasive functional neuroimaging and the underlying neuronal activity'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamen A. Tsvetanov
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Richard N. A. Henson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK
| | - James B. Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK
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Determination of atomoxetine or escitalopram in human plasma by HPLC: Applications in neuroscience research studies
. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 58:426-438. [PMID: 32449675 DOI: 10.5414/cp203705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atomoxetine and escitalopram are potent and selective drugs approved for noradrenergic or serotonergic modulation of neuronal networks in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or depression, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods still play an important role in the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of psychopharmacological drugs, and coupled with tandem mass spectrometry are the gold standard for the quantification of drugs in biological matrices, but not available everywhere. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a HPLC method for neuroscientific studies using atomoxetine or escitalopram as a test drug. MATERIALS AND METHODS A HPLC method from routine TDM determination of atomoxetine or citalopram in plasma was adapted and validated for use in neuroscientific research. Using photo diode array detection with UV absorption at 205 nm, the variation of internal standard within one chromatographic method enables separate drug monitoring for concentration-controlled explorative studies in healthy humans and patients with Parkinson's disease. RESULTS The method described here was found to be linear in the range of 0.002 - 1.4 mg/L for atomoxetine and 0.0012 - 0.197 mg/L for escitalopram, with overall mean intra-day and inter-day imprecision and accuracy bias < 10% for both drugs. The method was successfully applied in concentration-controlled neuroimaging studies in populations of healthy humans and patients with Parkinson's disease. CONCLUSION A simple, sensitive, robust HPLC method capable of monitoring escitalopram and atomoxetine is presented and validated, as a useful tool for drug monitoring and the study of pharmacokinetics in neuroscientific study applications.
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Brandão PRP, Munhoz RP, Grippe TC, Cardoso FEC, de Almeida E Castro BM, Titze-de-Almeida R, Tomaz C, Tavares MCH. Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: A clinical and pathophysiological overview. J Neurol Sci 2020; 419:117177. [PMID: 33068906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) has received increasing attention, and, together with other non-motor symptoms, exert a significant functional impact in the daily lives of patients. This article aims to compile and briefly summarize selected published data about clinical features, cognitive evaluation, biomarkers, and pathophysiology of PD-related dementia (PDD). The literature search included articles indexed in the MEDLINE/PubMed database, published in English, over the last two decades. Despite significant progress on clinical criteria and cohort studies for PD-mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and PDD, there are still knowledge gaps about its exact molecular and pathological basis. Here we overview the scientific literature on the role of functional circuits, neurotransmitter systems (monoaminergic and cholinergic), basal forebrain, and brainstem nuclei dysfunction in PD-MCI. Correlations between neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, clinical outcomes, and pathological results are described to aid in uncovering the neurodegeneration pattern in PD-MCI and PDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Renato P Brandão
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB); Neurology Section, Medical Department, Chamber of Deputies of the Federal Republic of Brazil, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Renato Puppi Munhoz
- Toronto Western Hospital, Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital - UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Talyta Cortez Grippe
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB); Movement Disorders Group, Neurology Unit, Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal; School of Medicine, Centro Universitário de Brasília (UniCEUB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Francisco Eduardo Costa Cardoso
- Movement Disorders Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Neurology Service, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Titze-de-Almeida
- Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, Central Institute of Sciences, University of Brasília/FAV, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Carlos Tomaz
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior and Graduate Program in Environment, CEUMA University - UniCEUMA, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
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Wang Z, Zhou M, Arnold C. Toward heterogeneous information fusion: bipartite graph convolutional networks for in silico drug repurposing. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:i525-i533. [PMID: 32657387 PMCID: PMC7355266 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Mining drug-disease association and related interactions are essential for developing in silico drug repurposing (DR) methods and understanding underlying biological mechanisms. Recently, large-scale biological databases are increasingly available for pharmaceutical research, allowing for deep characterization for molecular informatics and drug discovery. However, DR is challenging due to the molecular heterogeneity of disease and diverse drug-disease associations. Importantly, the complexity of molecular target interactions, such as protein-protein interaction (PPI), remains to be elucidated. DR thus requires deep exploration of a multimodal biological network in an integrative context. RESULTS In this study, we propose BiFusion, a bipartite graph convolution network model for DR through heterogeneous information fusion. Our approach combines insights of multiscale pharmaceutical information by constructing a multirelational graph of drug-protein, disease-protein and PPIs. Especially, our model introduces protein nodes as a bridge for message passing among diverse biological domains, which provides insights into utilizing PPI for improved DR assessment. Unlike conventional graph convolution networks always assuming the same node attributes in a global graph, our approach models interdomain information fusion with bipartite graph convolution operation. We offered an exploratory analysis for finding novel drug-disease associations. Extensive experiments showed that our approach achieved improved performance than multiple baselines for DR analysis. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Source code and preprocessed datasets are at: https://github.com/zcwang0702/BiFusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Wang
- Computational Diagnostics Lab, Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mu Zhou
- SenseBrain Research, CA 95131, USA
| | - Corey Arnold
- Computational Diagnostics Lab, Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Das T, Kim N, McDaniel C, Poston KL. Mnemonic Similarity Task to study episodic memory in Parkinson's disease. Clin Park Relat Disord 2020; 3:100062. [PMID: 34316643 PMCID: PMC8298797 DOI: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2020.100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) patients commonly experience episodic memory impairments, which are associated with an increased risk of dementia. The Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST) is a well-validated test to investigate episodic memory changes in healthy aging and in neurodegenerative diseases but has not been studied in PD patients. Methods In the MST task, participants respond during a testing phase whether visualized images are “repeat”, “similar”, or “new”, compared to images previously shown during an encoding phase. We tested 17 PD without cognitive impairment (level-II criteria), both off (PD-OFF) and on (PD-ON) dopaminergic medications; and compared PD-OFF with 17 age- and education-matched healthy controls (HC). Results We found no influence of dopaminergic medications nor of disease on MST reaction time for any responses (“repeat”, “similar”, and “new”) during the test phase. However, response probabilities showed that the MST is sensitive to subtle PD-related memory impairments. Specifically, PD-OFF responded more frequently with ‘repeat’, instead of ‘similar’ during lure trials, compared to HC (p = 0.030). This finding was still significant after correcting for response bias using the Recognition Index (p = 0.005). Conclusions PD patients perform the MST without interference from bradykinesia or other PD-related motor symptoms. Our findings suggest that PD patients who do not meet criteria for mild cognitive impairment can have subtle recall or recognition impairments, which can be identified using the MST. We propose the MST as a well-tolerated and sensitive cognitive task in future studies of episodic memory impairment and progressive memory dysfunction in people with PD. Cognitively normal PD performs the MST similarly to controls despite motor symptoms. Dopaminergic medications do not interfere with MST task performance in PD. The MST is robust and able to discern subtle episodic memory changes in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanusree Das
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nessa Kim
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Colin McDaniel
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen L. Poston
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Corresponding author at: Stanford University School of Medicine, 780 Welch Road, CJ350C, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Zhukovsky P, Morein‐Zamir S, Meng C, Dalley JW, Ersche KD. Network failures: When incentives trigger impulsive responses. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2216-2228. [PMID: 32150321 PMCID: PMC7267965 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate control of impulsive urges to act is demanded in everyday life but is impaired in neuropsychiatric conditions such as stimulant use disorder. Despite intensive research it remains unclear whether failures in impulse control are caused by impaired suppression of behavior or by the over invigoration of behavior by stimuli associated with salient incentives such as drugs, food, and money. We investigated failures in impulse control using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map the neural correlates of premature (impulsive) responses during the anticipation phase of the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task in healthy controls (HC), stimulant-dependent individuals (SDIs), and their unaffected first-degree siblings (SIB). We combined task-based fMRI analyses with dynamic causal modeling to show that failures of impulse control were associated with interactions between cingulo-opercular and dorsal striatal networks regardless of group status and incentive type. We further report that group-specific incentive salience plays a critical role in modulating impulsivity in SDIs since drug-related incentives specifically increased premature responding and shifted task modulation away from the dorsal striatal network to the cingulo-opercular network. Our findings thus indicate that impulsive actions are elicited by salient personally-relevant incentive stimuli and those such slips of action recruit a distinct fronto-striatal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zhukovsky
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Chun Meng
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jeffrey W. Dalley
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Karen D. Ersche
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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O'Dowd S, Schumacher J, Burn DJ, Bonanni L, Onofrj M, Thomas A, Taylor JP. Fluctuating cognition in the Lewy body dementias. Brain 2020; 142:3338-3350. [PMID: 31411317 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluctuating cognition is a core diagnostic feature of dementia with Lewy bodies and is also a key clinical feature of Parkinson's disease dementia. These dementias share common pathological features and are referred to as Lewy body dementias. Whilst highly prevalent in Lewy body dementia, with up to 90% of patients experiencing the symptom at some point in the disease trajectory, clinical identification of fluctuating cognition is often challenging. Furthermore, its underlying pathophysiological processes remain unclear. However, neuroimaging and neurophysiological techniques have recently provided insight into potential drivers of the phenomenon. In this update, we review data pertaining to clinical features and underlying mechanisms of fluctuating cognition in Lewy body dementia. We collate evidence for different proposed aetiologies: fluctuating cognition as an attentional disorder, as a consequence of loss of cholinergic drive, as a manifestation of failure in neuronal efficiency and synchrony, and as a disorder of sleep/arousal. We also review data relating to putative mechanisms that have received less attention to date. Increased understanding of fluctuating cognition may help to illuminate pathophysiological mechanisms in cognitive processing in Lewy body dementia, guide future research, and facilitate the design of targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán O'Dowd
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Neurology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland; Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julia Schumacher
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David J Burn
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science and Aging Research Centre, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science and Aging Research Centre, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alan Thomas
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Trempler I, Bürkner PC, El-Sourani N, Binder E, Reker P, Fink GR, Schubotz RI. Impaired context-sensitive adjustment of behaviour in Parkinson's disease patients tested on and off medication: An fMRI study. Neuroimage 2020; 212:116674. [PMID: 32097724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain's sensitivity to and accentuation of unpredicted over predicted sensory signals plays a fundamental role in learning. According to recent theoretical models of the predictive coding framework, dopamine is responsible for balancing the interplay between bottom-up input and top-down predictions by controlling the precision of surprise signals that guide learning. Using functional MRI, we investigated whether patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) show impaired learning from prediction errors requiring either adaptation or stabilisation of current predictions. Moreover, we were interested in whether deficits in learning over a specific time scale would be accompanied by altered surprise responses in dopamine-related brain structures. To this end, twenty-one PD patients tested on and off dopaminergic medication and twenty-one healthy controls performed a digit prediction paradigm. During the task, violations of sequence-based predictions either signalled the need to update or to stabilise the current prediction and, thus, to react to them or ignore them, respectively. To investigate contextual adaptation to prediction errors, the probability (or its inverse, surprise) of the violations fluctuated across the experiment. When the probability of prediction errors over a specific time scale increased, healthy controls but not PD patients off medication became more flexible, i.e., error rates at violations requiring a motor response decreased in controls but increased in patients. On the neural level, this learning deficit in patients was accompanied by reduced signalling in the substantia nigra and the caudate nucleus. In contrast, differences between the groups regarding the probabilistic modulation of behaviour and neural responses were much less pronounced at prediction errors requiring only stabilisation but no adaptation. Interestingly, dopaminergic medication could neither improve learning from prediction errors nor restore the physiological, neurotypical pattern. Our findings point to a pivotal role of dysfunctions of the substantia nigra and caudate nucleus in deficits in learning from flexibility-demanding prediction errors in PD. Moreover, the data witness poor effects of dopaminergic medication on learning in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ima Trempler
- Department of Psychology, University of Muenster, 48149, Münster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | | | - Nadiya El-Sourani
- Department of Psychology, University of Muenster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ellen Binder
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, 50937, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM3), Cognitive Neuroscience, Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Paul Reker
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, 50937, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM3), Cognitive Neuroscience, Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ricarda I Schubotz
- Department of Psychology, University of Muenster, 48149, Münster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, 48149, Münster, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, 50937, Cologne, Germany
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Marín-Lahoz J, Martínez-Horta S, Sampedro F, Pagonabarraga J, Horta-Barba A, Bejr-Kasem H, Botí MÁ, Fernández-Bobadilla R, Pascual-Sedano B, Pérez-Pérez J, Aracil-Bolaños I, Gironell A, Gómez-Ansón B, Kulisevsky J. Measuring impulsivity in Parkinson's disease: a correlational and structural neuroimaging study using different tests. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:1478-1486. [PMID: 32250513 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Impulsivity is an aspect of personality and a major component of multiple neuropsychiatric conditions. In Parkinson's disease, it has been associated with the expression of impulse control disorders, a highly prevalent non-motor complication. Even though multiple tests of impulsivity have been used in this context, the impact of test choice has not been addressed. The aim was to evaluate whether different impulsivity measures in Parkinson's disease share substantial inter-scale and anatomical correlations or rather mirror different underlying phenomena. METHODS In a consecutive sample of 89 Parkinson's disease patients without impulse control disorders, four common tests were evaluated assessing different aspects of impulsivity: impulsiveness trait, decisions under implicit risk with and without losses, and delay discounting. Correlations among test scores were analysed and each score was used as a regressor in a set of grey matter volume (GMV) voxel-based morphometry analyses to explore their brain structural correlates. RESULTS No significant correlations were found between the different impulsivity tests. Furthermore, their structural brain correlates were divergent. Impulsiveness trait appeared to be associated with lower GMV in dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortices, implicit risk (with losses) with higher GMV in the left nucleus accumbens and lower left insular GMV, implicit risk (without losses) with higher GMV in the left lingual gyrus and lower GMV in the gyri recti and delay discounting with higher GMV in the left nucleus accumbens. CONCLUSIONS In Parkinson's disease, different impulsivity measures reflect very dissimilar behavioural and brain structural correlates. Our results suggest that parkinsonian impulsivity is not a unitary phenomenon but rather a heterogeneous entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marín-Lahoz
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Martínez-Horta
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - F Sampedro
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Pagonabarraga
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Horta-Barba
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - H Bejr-Kasem
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Á Botí
- Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Asociació Catalana per al Parkinson, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - B Pascual-Sedano
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Pérez-Pérez
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - I Aracil-Bolaños
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Gironell
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - B Gómez-Ansón
- Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain.,Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Kulisevsky
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Dajani DR, Burrows CA, Nebel MB, Mostofsky SH, Gates KM, Uddin LQ. Parsing Heterogeneity in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder with Individual Connectome Mapping. Brain Connect 2020; 9:673-691. [PMID: 31631690 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2019.0669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional diagnostic systems for neurodevelopmental disorders define diagnostic categories that are heterogeneous in behavior and underlying neurobiological alterations. The goal of this study was to parse heterogeneity in a core executive function (EF), cognitive flexibility, in children with a range of abilities (N = 132; children with autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], and typically developing children) using directed functional connectivity profiles derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Brain regions activated in response to a cognitive flexibility task in adults were used to guide region-of-interest selection to estimate individual connectivity profiles in this study. We expected to find subgroups of children who differed in their network connectivity metrics and symptom measures. Unexpectedly, we did not find a stable or valid subgrouping solution, which suggests that categorical models of the neural substrates of cognitive flexibility in children may be invalid. Exploratory analyses revealed dimensional associations between network connectivity metrics and ADHD symptomatology and EF ability across the entire sample. Results shed light on the validity of conceptualizing the neural substrates of cognitive flexibility categorically in children. Ultimately, this work may provide a foundation for the development of a revised nosology focused on neurobiological substrates as an alternative to traditional symptom-based classification systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina R Dajani
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Catherine A Burrows
- Institute on Community Integration, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mary Beth Nebel
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kathleen M Gates
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lucina Q Uddin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Kasparbauer AM, Petrovsky N, Schmidt PM, Trautner P, Weber B, Sträter B, Ettinger U. Effects of nicotine and atomoxetine on brain function during response inhibition. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:235-246. [PMID: 30552041 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine and the noradrenaline transporter inhibitor atomoxetine are widely studied substances due to their propensity to alleviate cognitive deficits in psychiatric and neurological patients and their beneficial effects on some aspects of cognitive functions in healthy individuals. However, despite growing evidence of acetylcholine-noradrenaline interactions, there are only very few direct comparisons of the two substances. Here, we investigated the effects of nicotine and atomoxetine on response inhibition in the stop-signal task and we characterised the neural correlates of these effects using blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3T. Nicotine (7 mg dermal patch) and atomoxetine (60 mg per os) were applied to N = 26 young, healthy adults in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, within-subjects design. BOLD images were collected during a stop-signal task that controlled for infrequency of stop trials. There were no drug effects on behavioural performance or subjective state measures. However, there was a pronounced upregulation of activation in bilateral prefrontal and left parietal cortex following nicotine during successful compared to unsuccessful stop trials. The effect of nicotine on BOLD during failed stop trials was correlated across individuals with a measure of trait impulsivity. Atomoxetine, however, had no discernible effects on BOLD. We conclude that nicotine effects on brain function during inhibitory control are most pronounced in individuals with higher levels of impulsivity. This finding is compatible with previous evidence of nicotine effects on stop-signal task performance in highly impulsive individuals and implicates the nAChR in the neural basis of impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadine Petrovsky
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Pia-Magdalena Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Trautner
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Weber
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Birgitta Sträter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ettinger
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
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Abstract
This scientific commentary refers to ‘The structural connectivity of discrete networks underlies impulsivity and gambling in Parkinson’s disease’, by Mosley et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awz327).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire O'Callaghan
- Brain and Mind Centre and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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44
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Stobernack T, de Vries SPW, Rodrigues Pereira R, Pelsser LM, Ter Braak CJF, Aarts E, van Baarlen P, Kleerebezem M, Frankena K, Hontelez S. Biomarker Research in ADHD: the Impact of Nutrition (BRAIN) - study protocol of an open-label trial to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of a few-foods diet on ADHD symptoms in children. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029422. [PMID: 31694844 PMCID: PMC6858247 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood behavioural disorder, causing significant impediment to a child's development. It is a complex disorder with numerous contributing (epi)genetic and environmental factors. Currently, treatment consists of behavioural and pharmacological therapy. However, ADHD medication is associated with several side effects, and concerns about long-term effects and efficacy exist. Therefore, there is considerable interest in the development of alternative treatment options. Double-blind research investigating the effects of a few-foods diet (FFD) has demonstrated a significant decrease in ADHD symptoms following an FFD. However, an FFD requires a considerable effort of both child and parents, limiting its applicability as a general ADHD treatment. To make FFD intervention less challenging or potentially obsolete, we need to understand how, and in which children, an FFD affects ADHD behaviour and, consequently, the child's well-being. We hypothesise that an FFD affects brain function, and that the nutritional impact on ADHD is effectuated by a complex interplay between the microbiota, gut and brain, that is, the microbiota-gut-brain axis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Biomarker Research in ADHD: the Impact of Nutrition (BRAIN) study is an open-label trial with researchers blinded to changes in ADHD symptoms during sample processing and initial data analyses. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Medical Research and Ethics Committee of Wageningen University has approved this study (NL63851.081.17, application 17/24). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications, conference presentations, (social) media and the BRAIN study website. A summary of the findings will be provided to the participants. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03440346. STUDY DATES Collection of primary outcome data started in March 2018 and will be ongoing until 100 children have participated in the study. Sample data analysis will start after all samples have been collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Stobernack
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan P W de Vries
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Cajo J F Ter Braak
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Aarts
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Baarlen
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Frankena
- Adaptation Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saartje Hontelez
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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45
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Borchert RJ, Rittman T, Rae CL, Passamonti L, Jones SP, Vatansever D, Vázquez Rodríguez P, Ye Z, Nombela C, Hughes LE, Robbins TW, Rowe JB. Atomoxetine and citalopram alter brain network organization in Parkinson's disease. Brain Commun 2019; 1:fcz013. [PMID: 31886460 PMCID: PMC6924537 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease has multiple detrimental effects on motor and cognitive systems in the brain. In contrast to motor deficits, cognitive impairments in Parkinson’s disease are usually not ameliorated, and can even be worsened, by dopaminergic treatments. Recent evidence has shown potential benefits from restoring other neurotransmitter deficits, including noradrenergic and serotonergic transmission. Here, we study global and regional brain network organization using task-free imaging (also known as resting-state), which minimizes performance confounds and the bias towards predetermined networks. Thirty-three patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease were studied three times in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled counter-balanced crossover design, following placebo, 40 mg oral atomoxetine (selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor) or 30 mg oral citalopram (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor). Neuropsychological assessments were performed outside the scanner. Seventy-six controls were scanned without medication to provide normative data for comparison to the patient cohort. Graph theoretical analysis of task-free brain connectivity, with a random 500-node parcellation, was used to measure the effect of disease in placebo-treated state (versus unmedicated controls) and pharmacological intervention (drug versus placebo). Relative to controls, patients on placebo had executive impairments (reduced fluency and inhibitory control), which was reflected in dysfunctional network dynamics in terms of reduced clustering coefficient, hub degree and hub centrality. In patients, atomoxetine improved fluency in proportion to plasma concentration (P = 0.006, r2 = 0.24), and improved response inhibition in proportion to increased hub Eigen centrality (P = 0.044, r2 = 0.14). Citalopram did not improve fluency or inhibitory control, but its influence on network integration and efficiency depended on disease severity: clustering (P = 0.01, r2 = 0.22), modularity (P = 0.043, r2 = 0.14) and path length (P = 0.006, r2 = 0.25) increased in patients with milder forms of Parkinson’s disease, but decreased in patients with more advanced disease (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale motor subscale part III > 30). This study supports the use of task-free imaging of brain networks in translational pharmacology of neurodegenerative disorders. We propose that hub connectivity contributes to cognitive performance in Parkinson’s disease, and that noradrenergic treatment strategies can partially restore the neural systems supporting executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Borchert
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy Rittman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charlotte L Rae
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Luca Passamonti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council, Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, Segrate, Italy
| | - Simon P Jones
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Deniz Vatansever
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | | | - Zheng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cristina Nombela
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura E Hughes
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Spay C, Meyer G, Lio G, Pezzoli G, Ballanger B, Cilia R, Boulinguez P. Resting state oscillations suggest a motor component of Parkinson's Impulse Control Disorders. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:2065-2075. [PMID: 31541984 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been associated with cognitive impulsivity and dopaminergic dysfunction and treatment. The present study tests the neglected hypothesis that the neurofunctional networks involved in motor impulsivity might also be dysfunctional in PD-ICDs. METHODS We performed blind spectral analyses of resting state electroencephalographic (EEG) data in PD patients with and without ICDs to probe the functional integrity of all cortical networks. Analyses were performed directly at the source level after blind source separation. Discrete differences between groups were tested by comparing patients with and without ICDs. Gradual dysfunctions were assessed by means of correlations between power changes and clinical scores reflecting ICD severity (QUIP score). RESULTS Spectral signatures of ICDs were found in the medial prefrontal cortex, the dorsal anterior cingulate and the supplementary motor area, in the beta and gamma bands. Beta power changes in the supplementary motor area were found to predict ICDs severity. CONCLUSION ICDs are associated with abnormal activity within frequency bands and cortical circuits supporting the control of motor response inhibition. SIGNIFICANCE These results bring to the forefront the need to consider, in addition to the classical interpretation based on aberrant mesocorticolimbic reward processing, the issue of motor impulsivity in PD-ICDs and its potential implications for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Spay
- Université de Lyon, 92 rue Pasteur, 69007 Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; INSERM, U 1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France; CNRS, UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Garance Meyer
- Université de Lyon, 92 rue Pasteur, 69007 Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; INSERM, U 1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France; CNRS, UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Guillaume Lio
- Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, UMR 5229, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Parkinson Institute, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Via bignami 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Bénédicte Ballanger
- Université de Lyon, 92 rue Pasteur, 69007 Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; INSERM, U 1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France; CNRS, UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Roberto Cilia
- Parkinson Institute, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Via bignami 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe Boulinguez
- Université de Lyon, 92 rue Pasteur, 69007 Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; INSERM, U 1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France; CNRS, UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France.
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Spay C, Albares M, Lio G, Thobois S, Broussolle E, Lau B, Ballanger B, Boulinguez P. Clonidine modulates the activity of the subthalamic-supplementary motor loop: evidence from a pharmacological study combining deep brain stimulation and electroencephalography recordings in Parkinsonian patients. J Neurochem 2019; 146:333-347. [PMID: 29675956 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clonidine is an anti-hypertensive medication which acts as an alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist. As the noradrenergic system is likely to support cognitive functions including attention and executive control, other clinical uses of clonidine have recently gained popularity for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders like attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or Tourette syndrome, but the mechanism of action is still unclear. Here, we test the hypothesis that the noradrenergic system regulates the activity of subthalamo-motor cortical loops, and that this influence can be modulated by clonidine. We used pharmacological manipulation of clonidine in a placebo-controlled study in combination with subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in 16 Parkinson's disease patients performing a reaction time task requiring to refrain from reacting (proactive inhibition). We recorded electroencephalographical activity of the whole cortex, and applied spectral analyses directly at the source level after advanced blind source separation. We found only one cortical source localized to the supplementary motor area (SMA) that supported an interaction of pharmacological and subthalamic stimulation. Under placebo, STN-DBS reduced proactive alpha power in the SMA, a marker of local inhibitory activity. This effect was associated with the speeding-up of movement initiation. Clonidine substantially increased proactive alpha power from the SMA source, and canceled out the benefits of STN-DBS on movement initiation. These results provide the first direct neural evidence in humans that the tonic inhibitory activity of the subthalamocortical loops underlying the control of movement initiation is coupled to the noradrenergic system, and that this activity can be targeted by pharmacological agents acting on alpha-adrenergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Spay
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM, U 1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - Marion Albares
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS, UMR 5229, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, Bron, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1127, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Lio
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS, UMR 5229, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, Bron, France
| | - Stephane Thobois
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS, UMR 5229, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, Bron, France.,Hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France
| | - Emmanuel Broussolle
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS, UMR 5229, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, Bron, France.,Hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France
| | - Brian Lau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1127, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Benedicte Ballanger
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM, U 1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Boulinguez
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM, U 1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
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Meder D, Herz DM, Rowe JB, Lehéricy S, Siebner HR. The role of dopamine in the brain - lessons learned from Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage 2019; 190:79-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Béreau M, Krack P, Brüggemann N, Münte TF. Neurobiology and clinical features of impulse control failure in Parkinson's disease. Neurol Res Pract 2019; 1:9. [PMID: 33324875 PMCID: PMC7650064 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-019-0013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulse control disorders (ICDs) and other impulsive-compulsive related behaviours are frequent and still under recognized non-motor complications of Parkinson's disease (PD). They result from sensitization of the mesocorticolimbic pathway that arose in predisposed PD patients concomitantly with spreading of PD pathology, non-physiological dopaminergic and pulsatile administration of dopamine replacement therapy (DRT). Neuropsychiatric fluctuations (NPF) reflect the psychotropic effects of dopaminergic drugs and play a crucial role in the emergence of ICDs and behavioral addictions. Dopamine agonists (DA) which selectively target D2 and D3 receptors mostly expressed within the mesocorticolimbic pathway, are the main risk factor to develop ICDs. Neuroimaging studies suggest that dopamine agonists lead to a blunted response of the brain's reward system both during reward delivery and anticipation. Genetic predispositions are crucial for the responsiveness of the mesolimbic system and the development of ICDs with several genes having been identified. Early screening for neuropsychiatric fluctuations, reduction of DA, fractionating levodopa dosage, education of patients and their relatives, are the key strategies for diagnosis and management of ICDs and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Béreau
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25030 Besançon, Cedex France
| | - Paul Krack
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas F. Münte
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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Rae CL, Critchley HD, Seth AK. A Bayesian Account of the Sensory-Motor Interactions Underlying Symptoms of Tourette Syndrome. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:29. [PMID: 30890965 PMCID: PMC6412155 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tourette syndrome is a hyperkinetic movement disorder. Characteristic features include tics, recurrent movements that are experienced as compulsive and "unwilled"; uncomfortable premonitory sensations that resolve through tic release; and often, the ability to suppress tics temporarily. We demonstrate how these symptoms and features can be understood in terms of aberrant predictive (Bayesian) processing in hierarchical neural systems, explaining specifically: why tics arise, their "unvoluntary" nature, how premonitory sensations emerge, and why tic suppression works-sometimes. In our model, premonitory sensations and tics are generated through over-precise priors for sensation and action within somatomotor regions of the striatum. Abnormally high precision of priors arises through the dysfunctional synaptic integration of cortical inputs. These priors for sensation and action are projected into primary sensory and motor areas, triggering premonitory sensations and tics, which in turn elicit prediction errors for unexpected feelings and movements. We propose experimental paradigms to validate this Bayesian account of tics. Our model integrates behavioural, neuroimaging, and computational approaches to provide mechanistic insight into the pathophysiological basis of Tourette syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L. Rae
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo D. Critchley
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Anil K. Seth
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
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