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Tsai JF, Yu FY, Liu BH. Citrinin disrupts microtubule assembly in cardiac cells: Impact on mitochondrial organization and function. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 365:143352. [PMID: 39293683 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Citrinin (CTN) is a mycotoxin commonly present in various foods and feeds worldwide, as well as dietary supplements in Asian countries, but the risks and cellular mechanisms associated with its cardiotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, RNA-seq analysis of CTN-treated H9c2 cardiac cells demonstrated significant perturbations in pathways related to microtubule cytoskeleton and mitochondrial network organization. CTN disrupted microtubule polymerization and downregulated mRNA levels of microtubule-assembling genes, Map2 and Tpx2, in H9c2 cardiac cells. Additionally, CTN interfered with the distribution of mitochondrial network along the microtubules, leading to the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria characterized by elevated superoxide levels and reduced membrane potential. This disruption also caused the buildup of lysosomes and ubiquitinated proteins, which hindered waste clearance in microtubule-disassembled H9c2 cells. Molecular docking analysis indicated that CTN could bind to the colchicine binding site on β-tubulin, thereby mimicking the microtubule-disrupting effect of colchicine. This study provides morphological, transcriptomic, and mechanistic evidence to elucidate the cardiotoxic mechanisms of CTN, which involve the dysregulated microtubule network, subsequent mitochondrial mislocalization, and impaired proteolysis of damaged proteins/organelles in cardiac cells. Our findings may enhance the fundamental understanding and facilitate future risk assessment of CTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Feng Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Yih Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Biing-Hui Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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2
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Fan Y, Zhu J, Ni Y, Luo J, Chen T, Sun J, Zhang Y, Xi Q. Effect of Monascus-fermented Moringa oleifera on production performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality attributes in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104306. [PMID: 39303353 PMCID: PMC11437757 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the production performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality attributes of broilers fed with different doses of Monascus-fermented Moringa oleifera leaves. A total of 400 one-day-old unsexed Greenleg partridge broilers were randomly divided into 4 dietary which were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 5% Monascus-fermented Moringa oleifera leaves, 10% Monascus-fermented Moringa oleifera leaves, and 10% Moringa oleifera leaves, respectively. Each group had 5 replicates of twenty birds each. The whole trial lasted for 63 d. The results indicated that a high dose of Moringa oleifera leaves supplement in broiler diet reduced the production performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality attributes (P < 0.05). While the addition of the same dose of Monascus-fermented Moringa oleifera leaves reversed this adverse effect, and the 5% Monascus-fermented Moringa oleifer leaves supplement was found to be more effective (P < 0.05). In addition, Monascus-fermented Moringa oleifera leaves improved the concentration of amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the meat, which could be beneficial for human health. We conclude that, a 5% Monascus-fermented Moringa oleifera leaves supplement in the diet is beneficial in terms of improved growth performance and the functional attributes of meat than sole Moringa oleifera leaves supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaotian Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiahao Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuechun Ni
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Tsai JF, Wu TS, Huang YT, Lin WJ, Yu FY, Liu BH. Exposure to Mycotoxin Citrinin Promotes Carcinogenic Potential of Human Renal Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19054-19065. [PMID: 37988173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxin citrinin (CTN), commonly found in food and health supplements, may induce chromosomal instability. In this study, human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (hRPTECs) that were exposed to CTN (10 and 20 μM) over 3 days exhibited numerical chromosomal aberrations. Short-term (3 days) and long-term (30 days) exposures to CTN significantly promoted mitotic spindle abnormalities, wound healing, cell migration, and anchorage-independent growth in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Short-term exposure to 10 and 20 μM CTN increased the number of migrated cells on day 10 by 1.7 and 1.9 times, respectively. The number of anchorage-independent colonies increased from 2.2 ± 1.3 to 7.8 ± 0.6 after short-term exposure to 20 μM CTN and from 2.0 ± 1.0 to 12.0 ± 1.2 after long-term exposure. The transcriptomic profiles of CTN-treated HEK293 were subjected to over-representative analysis (ORA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Short-term exposure to CTN promoted the RTK/KRAS/RAF/MAPK cascade, while long-term exposure altered the extracellular matrix organization. Both short- and long-term CTN exposure activated cancer and cell cycle-related signaling pathways. These results demonstrate the carcinogenic potential of CTN in human cells and provide valuable insights into the cancer risk associated with CTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Feng Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Tzu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ju Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yih Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402306, Taiwan
| | - Biing-Hui Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
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de Menezes AAPM, Aguiar RPS, Santos JVO, Sarkar C, Islam MT, Braga AL, Hasan MM, da Silva FCC, Sharifi-Rad J, Dey A, Calina D, Melo-Cavalcante AAC, Sousa JMC. Citrinin as a potential anti-cancer therapy: A comprehensive review. Chem Biol Interact 2023:110561. [PMID: 37230156 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Citrinin (CIT) is a polyketide-derived mycotoxin, which is produced by many fungal strains belonging to the gerena Monascus, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. It has been postulated that mycotoxins have several toxic mechanisms and are potentially used as antineoplastic agents. Therefore, the present study carried out a systematic review, including articles from 1978 to 2022, by collecting evidence in experimental studies of CIT antiplorifactive activity in cancer. The Data indicate that CIT intervenes in important mediators and cell signaling pathways, including MAPKs, ERK1/2, JNK, Bcl-2, BAX, caspases 3,6,7 and 9, p53, p21, PARP cleavage, MDA, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses (SOD, CAT, GST and GPX). These factors demonstrate the potential antitumor drug CIT in inducing cell death, reducing DNA repair capacity and inducing cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ag-Anne P M de Menezes
- Laboratory of Genetical Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64, 049-550, Brazil.
| | - Raí P S Aguiar
- Laboratory of Genetical Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64, 049-550, Brazil.
| | - José V O Santos
- Laboratory of Genetical Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64, 049-550, Brazil.
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
| | - Muhammad T Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
| | - Antonio L Braga
- Laboratory of Genetical Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64, 049-550, Brazil.
| | - Mohammad M Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh.
| | - Felipe C C da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
| | | | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India.
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Ana A C Melo-Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Genetical Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64, 049-550, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
| | - João M C Sousa
- Laboratory of Genetical Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64, 049-550, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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Pillay Y, Nagiah S, Chuturgoon A. Patulin Alters Insulin Signaling and Metabolic Flexibility in HepG2 and HEK293 Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15040244. [PMID: 37104182 PMCID: PMC10145496 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have risen rapidly worldwide, sparking interest in causative agents and pathways. Patulin (PAT), a xenobiotic found in fruit products contaminated by molds, is postulated to be diabetogenic in animals, but little is known about these effects in humans. This study examined the effects of PAT on the insulin signaling pathway and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). HEK293 and HepG2 cells were exposed to normal (5 mM) or high (25 mM) glucose levels, insulin (1.7 nM) and PAT (0.2 μM; 2.0 μM) for 24 h. The qPCR determined gene expression of key enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism while Western blotting assessed the effects of PAT on the insulin signaling pathway and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) axis. Under hyperglycemic conditions, PAT stimulated glucose production pathways, caused defects in the insulin signaling pathway and impaired PDH activity. These trends under hyperglycemic conditions remained consistent in the presence of insulin. These findings are of importance, given that PAT is ingested with fruit and fruit products. Results suggest PAT exposure may be an initiating event in insulin resistance, alluding to an etiological role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and disorders of metabolism. This highlights the importance of both diet and food quality in addressing the causes of NCDs.
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Huang C, Zhang B, Xu D. The effects of natural active substances in food on the toxicity of patulin. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2022.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin, a secondary metabolite mainly produced by fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Byssochlamys, and Penicillium. Many studies have looked into the potential impacts of this mycotoxin due to its high risk. Researchers are currently doing a more in-depth investigation of and employing physical, chemical, and biological ways to remove PAT. However, existing technology cannot completely remove it, and the residual PAT will continue to pose a threat to human health. As a result, substances capable of reducing PAT toxicity need be discovered. According to previous studies, natural components in food could reduce the toxicity of PAT. This article will review the different types of active compounds and discus the detoxification processes, as well as give recommendations for decreasing the toxicity of PAT and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, No.287 Langongping Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China P.R
| | - B. Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, No.287 Langongping Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China P.R
| | - D. Xu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, No.287 Langongping Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China P.R
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Mlejnek P. Direct Interaction between N-Acetylcysteine and Cytotoxic Electrophile—An Overlooked In Vitro Mechanism of Protection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081485. [PMID: 36009205 PMCID: PMC9405167 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In laboratory experiments, many electrophilic cytotoxic agents induce cell death accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and/or by glutathione (GSH) depletion. Not surprisingly, millimolar concentrations of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which is used as a universal ROS scavenger and precursor of GSH biosynthesis, inhibit ROS production, restore GSH levels, and prevent cell death. The protective effect of NAC is generally used as corroborative evidence that cell death induced by a studied cytotoxic agent is mediated by an oxidative stress-related mechanism. However, any simple interpretation of the results of the protective effects of NAC may be misleading because it is unable to interact with superoxide (O2•−), the most important biologically relevant ROS, and is a very weak scavenger of H2O2. In addition, NAC is used in concentrations that are unnecessarily high to stimulate GSH synthesis. Unfortunately, the possibility that NAC as a nucleophile can directly interact with cytotoxic electrophiles to form non-cytotoxic NAC–electrophile adduct is rarely considered, although it is a well-known protective mechanism that is much more common than expected. Overall, apropos the possible mechanism of the cytoprotective effect of NAC in vitro, it is appropriate to investigate whether there is a direct interaction between NAC and the cytotoxic electrophile to form a non-cytotoxic NAC–electrophilic adduct(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Mlejnek
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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8
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miR-27b inhibition contributes to cytotoxicity in patulin-exposed HEK293 cells. Toxicon 2022; 210:58-65. [PMID: 35217024 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin produced by Penicillium and other fungi that contaminate fruit. PAT targets the kidney and is associated with nephrotoxicity. Micro-RNAs (miRNA) may offer new insights into PAT-induced nephrotoxicity. Cytochrome P450 family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 (CYP1B1), involved in metabolism of dietary toxins is negatively regulated by miR-27b and linked with the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARɣ) in renal fibrosis. This study investigated the effects of PAT on miR-27b, CYP1B1, PPARɣ and cytotoxicity in human kidney (HEK293) cells. HEK293 cells were exposed to PAT (2.5 μM, 24h). Protein expression of CYP1B1, PPARɣ, NF-κB (p65), pNF-κB (p65) (phospho-Ser563) and cleaved PARP-1 was quantified using western blotting. QPCR evaluated mRNA levels of CYP1B1, IL-6, miR-27b, OGG1, mtDNA, TFAM and UCP2. Mitochondrial membrane potential and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization was evaluated by flow cytometry while levels of ATP and caspase -9, -8, -3/7 activity was measured using luminometry. PAT significantly decreased miR-27b levels (p = 0.0014) and increased CYP1B1 mRNA (p = 0.0015) and protein (p = 0.0013) levels. PPARɣ protein expression was significantly increased (p = 0.0002) and associated with decreased NF-κB activation (p = 0.0273) and IL-6 mRNA levels (p = 0.0265). Finally, PAT significantly compromised mitochondrial repair mechanisms and increased apoptotic biomarkers. PAT altered miR-27b levels and PPARɣ, with associated changes to NF-κB activation, downstream IL-6 and CYP1B1 expression. These results show that PAT impairs detoxification mechanisms leading to mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. In conclusion, PAT altered the epigenetic environment and impaired detoxification processes, supporting a mechanism for nephrotoxic outcomes.
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Lei WL, Li YY, Hou Y, Liu C, Qian WP, Sun QY, Zhang CH. Toxic effects of patulin on mouse oocytes and its possible mechanisms. Toxicology 2021; 464:153013. [PMID: 34718031 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Patulin is a secondary metabolite mainly secreted by fungi and is the most common mycotoxin found in apples and apple-based products. For the past few years, numerous studies suggested the wide distribution and toxicity of patulin. In this study, we investigated the toxic effect of patulin on mouse oocytes and its possible mechanisms. The results showed that patulin treatment did not affect meiotic resumption, but inhibited oocyte maturation as indicated by failure of first polar body extrusion. Further mechanistic study showed that patulin treatment disturbed normal spindle assembly, chromosome alignment and morphology. We also found increased oxidative stress by testing the level of ROS and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating mitochondria dysfunction. In summary, our results suggest that patulin treatment causes oocyte meiotic arrest by disturbing normal spindle assembly and chromosome alignment, which may be caused by dysfunctions of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Lei
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chenli Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wei-Ping Qian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China; Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China.
| | - Chun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China; Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China.
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Kim HM, Choi HY, Cho GH, Im JH, Hong EY, Chun HS. Natural Thiols, but Not Thioethers, Attenuate Patulin-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in HepG2 Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13100727. [PMID: 34679020 PMCID: PMC8537938 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Patulin, a mycotoxin, is known to have cytotoxic effects, but few studies have focused on the involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in patulin toxicity and the natural compounds that attenuate it in HepG2 cells. This study tested the ability of patulin to induce ER stress, and that of four thiols and three thioethers to attenuate patulin-induced ER stress in HepG2 cells. Patulin dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation (IC50, 8.43 μM). Additionally, patulin was found to increase the expression levels of ER stress-related genes and/or protein markers, including BiP, CHOP, and spliced XBP1, in HepG2 cells compared to the vehicle control, indicating its potential in ER stress induction. Patulin-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells was reduced by naturally occurring thiol compounds (glutathione, L-acetyl-L-cysteine, cysteine, and captopril), but not by thioether compounds (sulforaphane, sulforaphene, and S-allyl-L-cysteine). Patulin-thiol co-treatment decreased CHOP expression and BiP and CHOP levels in HepG2 cells but did not alter BiP expression. Spliced XBP1 expression was decreased by patulin-thiol co-treatment. Thus, patulin induced ER stress in HepG2 cells and thiols, but not in thioethers, attenuated patulin-induced ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Mi Kim
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea; (H.M.K.); (H.Y.C.); (G.H.C.); (J.H.I.)
- HK Inno. N Corporation, Eulji-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04551, Korea;
| | - Hwa Young Choi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea; (H.M.K.); (H.Y.C.); (G.H.C.); (J.H.I.)
| | - Gun Hee Cho
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea; (H.M.K.); (H.Y.C.); (G.H.C.); (J.H.I.)
| | - Ju Hee Im
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea; (H.M.K.); (H.Y.C.); (G.H.C.); (J.H.I.)
| | - Eun Young Hong
- HK Inno. N Corporation, Eulji-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04551, Korea;
| | - Hyang Sook Chun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea; (H.M.K.); (H.Y.C.); (G.H.C.); (J.H.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-6703290; Fax: +82-31-6753108
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Boguś MI, Wrońska AK, Kaczmarek A, Boguś-Sobocińska M. In vitro screening of 65 mycotoxins for insecticidal potential. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248772. [PMID: 33735295 PMCID: PMC7971479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The economic losses and threats to human and animal health caused by insects and the pathogens transmitted by them require effective and environmentally-friendly methods of controlling them. One such group of natural biocontrol agents which may be used as biopesticides is that of the entomopathogenic fungi and their toxic secondary metabolites (mycotoxins). The present in vitro work examined the insecticidal potential of 65 commercially-available mycotoxins against the insect Sf-9 cell line. Mammalian Caco-2 and THP-1 cell lines served as reference controls to select insecticidal mycotoxins harmless to mammalian cells. All tested mycotoxins significantly reduced the in vitro proliferation of the Sf-9 cells and evoked morphological changes. Ten of the mycotoxins found to strongly inhibit Sf-9 proliferation also had moderate or no effect on Caco-2 cells. The THP-1 cells were highly resistant to the tested mycotoxins: doses 103 times higher were needed to affect viability and morphology (1 μg/ml for THP-1 versus 1 ng/ml for Sf-9 and Caco-2). Nine mycotoxins significantly decreased Sf-9 cell proliferation with minor effects on mammalian cells: cyclosporins B and D, cytochalasin E, gliotoxin, HC toxin, paxilline, penitrem A, stachybotrylactam and verruculogen. These may be good candidates for future biopesticide formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieczysława Irena Boguś
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
- Biomibo ul, Warszawa, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Katarzyna Wrońska
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Agata Kaczmarek
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
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Pillay Y, Nagiah S, Phulukdaree A, Krishnan A, Chuturgoon AA. Patulin suppresses α 1-adrenergic receptor expression in HEK293 cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20115. [PMID: 33208818 PMCID: PMC7674415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patulin (PAT) is a common mycotoxin contaminant of apple products linked to impaired metabolic and kidney function. Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), abundantly expressed in the kidney, intercedes metabolic changes and renal injury. The alpha-1-adrenergic receptors (α1-AR) facilitate Epinephrine (Epi)-mediated AMPK activation, linking metabolism and kidney function. Preliminary molecular docking experiments examined potential interactions and AMPK-gamma subunit 3 (PRKAG3). The effect of PAT exposure (0.2-2.5 µM; 24 h) on the AMPK pathway and α1-AR was then investigated in HEK293 human kidney cells. AMPK agonist Epi determined direct effects on the α1-AR, metformin was used as an activator for AMPK, while buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) assessed GSH inhibition and supplementation respectively. ADRA1A and ADRA1D expression was determined by qPCR. α1-AR, ERK1/2/MAPK and PI3K/Akt protein expression was assessed using western blotting. PAT (1 µM) decreased α1-AR protein and mRNA and altered downstream signalling. This was consistent in cells stimulated with Epi and metformin. BSO potentiated the observed effect on α1-AR while NAC ameliorated these effects. Molecular docking studies performed on Human ADRA1A and PRKAG3 indicated direct interactions with PAT. This study is the first to show PAT modulates the AMPK pathway and α1-AR, supporting a mechanism of kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashodani Pillay
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Savania Nagiah
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Physiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Alisa Phulukdaree
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. .,Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Howard College, University of KwaZulu-Natal, George Campbell Building, Durban, 4041, South Africa.
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13
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Hölzel BN, Pfannkuche K, Allner B, Allner HT, Hescheler J, Derichsweiler D, Hollert H, Schiwy A, Brendt J, Schaffeld M, Froschauer A, Stahlschmidt-Allner P. Following the adverse outcome pathway from micronucleus to cancer using H2B-eGFP transgenic healthy stem cells. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3265-3280. [PMID: 32700163 PMCID: PMC7415759 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In vitro assessment of genotoxicity as an early warning tool for carcinogenicity mainly relies on recording cytogenetic damages (micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges) in tumour-derived mammalian cell lines like V79 or CHO. The forecasting power of the corresponding standardised test is based on epidemiological evidence between micronuclei frequencies and cancer incidence. As an alternative to destructive staining of nuclear structures a fish stem cell line transgenic for a fusion protein of histone 2B (H2B) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was established. The cells are derived from koi carp brain (KCB) and distinguish from mammalian culturable cells by non-tumour-driven self-renewal. This technology enables the analysis of genotoxic- and malign downstream effects in situ in a combined approach. In proof-of concept-experiments, we used known carcinogens (4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide, colchicine, diethylstilbestrol, ethyl methanesulfonate) and observed a significant increase in micronuclei (MNi) frequencies in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration ranges for MNi induction were comparable to human/mammalian cells (i.e. VH-16, CHL and HepG2). Cannabidiol caused the same specific cytogenetic damage pattern as observed in human cells, in particular nucleoplasmic bridges. Metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1 and cyclophosphamide could be demonstrated by pre-incubation of the test compounds using either conventional rat derived S9 mix as well as an in vitro generated biotechnological alternative product ewoS9R. The presented high throughput live H2B-eGFP imaging technology using non-transformed stem cells opens new perspectives in the field of in vitro toxicology. The technology offers experimental access to investigate the effects of carcinogens on cell cycle control, gene expression pattern and motility in the course of malign transformation. The new technology enables the definition of Adverse Outcome Pathways leading to malign cell transformation and contributes to the replacement of animal testing. Summary: Complementation of genotoxicity testing by addressing initiating events leading to malign transformation is suggested. A vertebrate cell model showing "healthy" stemness is recommended, in contrast to malign transformed cells used in toxicology/oncocology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Niklas Hölzel
- GOBIO GmbH, Institute for Ecology of Waters and Applied Biology, Scheidertalstraße 69a, 65326 Aarbergen, Hesse Germany
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johann-Joachim Becher-Weg 7, 55122 Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate Germany
| | - Kurt Pfannkuche
- Medical Faculty, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, 50923 Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia Germany
| | - Bernhard Allner
- GOBIO GmbH, Institute for Ecology of Waters and Applied Biology, Scheidertalstraße 69a, 65326 Aarbergen, Hesse Germany
| | - Hans Thomas Allner
- GOBIO GmbH, Institute for Ecology of Waters and Applied Biology, Scheidertalstraße 69a, 65326 Aarbergen, Hesse Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Medical Faculty, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, 50923 Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia Germany
| | - Daniel Derichsweiler
- Medical Faculty, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, 50923 Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt Biologicum, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Hesse Germany
- EWOMIS GmbH, Schießstraße 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Hesse Germany
| | - Andreas Schiwy
- Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt Biologicum, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Hesse Germany
- EWOMIS GmbH, Schießstraße 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Hesse Germany
| | - Julia Brendt
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52062 Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia Germany
| | - Michael Schaffeld
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johann-Joachim Becher-Weg 7, 55122 Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate Germany
| | - Alexander Froschauer
- Faculty of Biology, Applied Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01069 Dresden, Saxony Germany
| | - Petra Stahlschmidt-Allner
- GOBIO GmbH, Institute for Ecology of Waters and Applied Biology, Scheidertalstraße 69a, 65326 Aarbergen, Hesse Germany
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14
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Schrenk D, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Alexander J, Dall'Asta C, Mally A, Metzler M, Binaglia M, Horváth Z, Steinkellner H, Bignami M. Risk assessment of ochratoxin A in food. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06113. [PMID: 37649524 PMCID: PMC10464718 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update their 2006 opinion on ochratoxin A (OTA) in food. OTA is produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus and Penicillium and found as a contaminant in various foods. OTA causes kidney toxicity in different animal species and kidney tumours in rodents. OTA is genotoxic both in vitro and in vivo; however, the mechanisms of genotoxicity are unclear. Direct and indirect genotoxic and non-genotoxic modes of action might each contribute to tumour formation. Since recent studies have raised uncertainty regarding the mode of action for kidney carcinogenicity, it is inappropriate to establish a health-based guidance value (HBGV) and a margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied. For the characterisation of non-neoplastic effects, a BMDL 10 of 4.73 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day was calculated from kidney lesions observed in pigs. For characterisation of neoplastic effects, a BMDL 10 of 14.5 μg/kg bw per day was calculated from kidney tumours seen in rats. The estimation of chronic dietary exposure resulted in mean and 95th percentile levels ranging from 0.6 to 17.8 and from 2.4 to 51.7 ng/kg bw per day, respectively. Median OTA exposures in breastfed infants ranged from 1.7 to 2.6 ng/kg bw per day, 95th percentile exposures from 5.6 to 8.5 ng/kg bw per day in average/high breast milk consuming infants, respectively. Comparison of exposures with the BMDL 10 based on the non-neoplastic endpoint resulted in MOEs of more than 200 in most consumer groups, indicating a low health concern with the exception of MOEs for high consumers in the younger age groups, indicating a possible health concern. When compared with the BMDL 10 based on the neoplastic endpoint, MOEs were lower than 10,000 for almost all exposure scenarios, including breastfed infants. This would indicate a possible health concern if genotoxicity is direct. Uncertainty in this assessment is high and risk may be overestimated.
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15
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Sajid M, Mehmood S, Yuan Y, Yue T. Mycotoxin patulin in food matrices: occurrence and its biological degradation strategies. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 51:105-120. [PMID: 30857445 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2019.1589493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by a number of filamentous fungal species. It is a polyketide secondary metabolite which can gravely cause human health problems and food safety issues. This review deals with the occurrence of patulin in major food commodities from 2008 to date, including historical aspects, source, occurrence, regulatory limits and its toxicity. Most importantly, an overview of the recent research progress about the biodegradation strategies for contaminated food matrices is provided. The physical and chemical approaches have some drawbacks such as safety issues, possible losses in the nutritional quality, chemical hazards, limited efficacy, and high cost. The biological decontamination based on elimination or degradation of patulin using yeast, bacteria, and fungi has shown good results and it seems to be attractive since it works under mild and environment-friendly conditions. Further studies are needed to make clear the detoxification pathways by available potential biosorbents and to determine the practical applications of these methods at a commercial level to remove patulin from food products with special reference to their effects on sensory characteristics of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sajid
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China.,b Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture , Yangling , China.,c National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling) , Yangling , China
| | - Sajid Mehmood
- d State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China.,b Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture , Yangling , China.,c National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling) , Yangling , China
| | - Tianli Yue
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China.,b Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture , Yangling , China.,c National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling) , Yangling , China
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16
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Rašić D, Želježić D, Kopjar N, Kifer D, Klarić MŠ, Peraica M. DNA damage in rat kidneys and liver upon subchronic exposure to single and combined ochratoxin A and citrinin. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2018.2399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to check whether ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) increase DNA damage in the kidney and liver of male Wistar rats (alkaline comet assay), clarify the oxidative nature of DNA damage (hOGG1-modified comet assay), and verify whether resveratrol (RSV) could ameliorate OTA+CIT-induced genotoxicity. Rats were treated orally with OTA (0.125 and 0.250 mg/kg bodyweight (bw)) and CIT (2 mg/kg bw), OTA+CIT combinations and OTA+CIT+RSV (0.250+2+20 mg/kg bw) for 21 days. Both alkaline and hOGG1-modified comet assay showed that DNA damage was more severe in rat kidneys than in liver following mycotoxin treatment. Alkaline comet assay revealed a higher intensity of DNA damage, particularly as measured by tail intensity in the kidneys. Both tail length and tail intensity were OTA dose-dependent, but in combined OTA+CIT treatment these values were similar to CIT alone and lower than in animals treated with single OTA, possibly due to induction of apoptosis. hOGG1-modified comet showed that OTA+CIT evoked greater oxidative DNA damage than single mycotoxins. RSV did not reduce DNA damage measured by alkaline comet assay, but hOGG1-modified comet showed that RSV ameliorated OTA+CIT genotoxicity in the kidneys. Apart from oxidative stress, other mechanisms of DNA damage are involved in OTA and CIT genotoxicity. In rat kidneys RSV can reduce but not overcome oxidative DNA damage induced by combined OTA and CIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Rašić
- Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - D. Želježić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - N. Kopjar
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - D. Kifer
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M. Šegvić Klarić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Schrottova 39, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M. Peraica
- Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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17
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Li X, Tang H, Yang C, Meng X, Liu B. Detoxification of mycotoxin patulin by the yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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19
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Poapolathep S, Tanhan P, Piasai O, Imsilp K, Hajslova J, Giorgi M, Kumagai S, Poapolathep A. Occurrence and Health Risk of Patulin and Pyrethroids in Fruit Juices Consumed in Bangkok, Thailand. J Food Prot 2017; 80:1415-1421. [PMID: 28762777 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The mycotoxin patulin (PAT) is well known as a natural contaminant of apple- and other fruit-based products. Pesticides are a group of chemicals abundantly used in agriculture to maximize productivity by protecting crops from pests and weeds. Because of their harmful health effects, PAT and pesticides are strictly monitored. The current study was undertaken to investigate the significance of PAT and pyrethroid insecticide contamination in a variety of fruit juices in Bangkok. To do this, a total of 200 fruit juice samples, consisting of 40 samples each of apple, apricot, peach, pineapple, and grape juice, were collected from supermarkets in Bangkok, Thailand. PAT contamination in a variety of fruit juices was detected using validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and pyrethroid insecticides (cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, and flumethrin) were analyzed using a gas chromatography equipped with micro-electron capture detector. The survey found that PAT concentrations were lower than the maximum residue limit established by European Union. The results of the present study suggest that the risk of exposure to harmful levels of PAT, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, and flumethrin in fruit juices is very low in urban areas of Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Poapolathep
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine.,2 Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies (CASAF, NRU-KU)
| | - Phanwimol Tanhan
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine.,2 Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies (CASAF, NRU-KU)
| | - Onuma Piasai
- 3 Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Imsilp
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine.,2 Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies (CASAF, NRU-KU)
| | - Jana Hajslova
- 4 Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technica 3, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Mario Giorgi
- 5 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese (lato monte), San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Susumu Kumagai
- 6 Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1138657, Japan
| | - Amnart Poapolathep
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine.,2 Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies (CASAF, NRU-KU)
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20
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Lu X, Zhang E, Yin S, Fan L, Hu H. Methylseleninic Acid Prevents Patulin-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity via the Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Inactivation of p53 and MAPKs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:5299-5305. [PMID: 28594550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Patulin is one of the common food-borne mycotoxins. Previous studies have demonstrated that patulin can cause diverse toxic effects in animals including hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. In the present study, we have addressed the protective effect of two forms of selenium compounds methylseleninic acid (MSeA) and sodium selenite on patulin-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity using both in vitro and in vivo models. Results showed that MSeA at concentrations of 3-5 μM, not sodium selenite at the same concentrations, is capable of protecting against patulin-induced cytotoxicity in the cell culture model. Moreover, the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of MSeA (2 mg/kg body weight, oral administration) on patulin-induced toxicity (10 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal injection) were also achieved in the animal model. A further mechanistic study revealed that the protective effect of MSeA on patulin-mediated toxicity is attributed to its ability to inhibit patulin-mediated ROS generation and inactivate p53 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Our findings support a possible usefulness of MSeA as a novel detoxicant to mitigate the toxicities of patulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University , No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Enxiang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University , No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shutao Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University , No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University , No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
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21
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Cytoprotective propensity of green tea polyphenols against citrinin-induced skeletal-myotube damage in C2C12 cells. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:681-697. [PMID: 28536872 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mycotoxin citrinin, is produced by several species of Penicillium, Aspergillus and Monascus, and is capable of inducing cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of citrinin in mouse skeletal muscle cells (C2C12) and to overcome the cellular adverse effects by supplementing green tea extract (GTE) rich in polyphenols. C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated to myotubes and were exposed to citrinin in a dose dependent manner (0-100 µM) for 24 h and IC50 value was found to be 100 µM that resulted in decreased cell viability, increased LDH leakage and compromised membrane integrity. Mitochondrial membrane potential loss, increased accumulation of intracellular ROS and sub G1 phase of cell cycle was observed. To ameliorate the cytotoxic effects of CTN, C2C12 cells were pretreated with GTE (20, 40, 80 µg/ml) for 2 h followed by citrinin (100 µM) treatment for 24 h. GTE pretreatment combated citrinin-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. GTE at 40 and 80 µg/ml significantly promoted cell survival and upregulated antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, GPx) and endogenous antioxidant GSH, while the gene and protein expression levels were significantly restored through its effective antioxidant mechanism. Present study results suggested the antioxidant properties of GTE as a herbal source in ameliorating the citrinin-induced oxidative stress.
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22
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Chen Y, Peng HM, Wang X, Li BQ, Long MY, Tian SP. Biodegradation Mechanisms of Patulin in Candida guilliermondii: An iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E48. [PMID: 28208714 PMCID: PMC5331428 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Patulin, a potent mycotoxin, contaminates fruits and derived products worldwide, and is a serious health concern. Several yeast strains have shown the ability to effectively degrade patulin. However, the mechanisms of its biodegradation still remain unclear at this time. In the present study, biodegradation and involved mechanisms of patulin by an antagonistic yeast Candida guilliermondii were investigated. The results indicated that C. guilliermondii was capable of not only multiplying to a high population in medium containing patulin, but also effectively reducing patulin content in culture medium. Degradation of patulin by C. guilliermondii was dependent on the yeast cell viability, and mainly occurred inside cells. E-ascladiol was the main degradation product of patulin. An iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis revealed that the responses of C. guilliermondii to patulin were complex. A total of 30 differential proteins involved in 10 biological processes were identified, and more than two-thirds of the differential proteins were down-accumulated. Notably, a short-chain dehydrogenase (gi|190348612) was markedly induced by patulin at both the protein and mRNA levels. Our findings will provide a foundation to help enable the commercial development of an enzyme formulation for the detoxification of patulin in fruit-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Huai-Min Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bo-Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Man-Yuan Long
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Shi-Ping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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23
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Ahmed Adam MA, Tabana YM, Musa KB, Sandai DA. Effects of different mycotoxins on humans, cell genome and their involvement in cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1321-1336. [PMID: 28184933 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical nature of most of the mycotoxins makes them highly liposoluble compounds that can be absorbed from the site of exposure such as from the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract to the blood stream where it can be dissimilated throughout the body and reach different organs such as the liver and kidneys. Mycotoxins have a strong tendency and ability to penetrate the human and animal cells and reach the cellular genome where it causes a major mutagenic change in the nucleotide sequence which leads to strong and permanent defects in the genome. This defect will eventually be transcribed, translated and lead to the development of cancer. In this review, the chemical and physical nature of mycotoxins, the action of mycotoxins on the cellular genome and its effect on humans, mycotoxins and their carcinogenicity and mycotoxins research gaps are discussed, and new research areas are suggested. The research review posed various questions. What are the different mycotoxins that can cause cancer, what is the role of mycotoxins in causing cancer and what types of cancers can be caused by mycotoxins? These questions have been selected due to the significant increase in the mycotoxin contamination and the cancer incidence rate in the contemporary world. By revealing and understanding the role of mycotoxins in developing cancer, measures to reduce the risks and incidents of cancer could be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mowaffaq Adam Ahmed Adam
- Infectomics Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yasser M Tabana
- Infectomics Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Khirun Binti Musa
- Infectomics Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Doblin Anak Sandai
- Infectomics Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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24
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Salah A, Bouaziz C, Prola A, Pires Da Silva J, Bacha H, Abid-Essefi S, Lemaire C. Citrinin induces apoptosis in human HCT116 colon cancer cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:1230-1241. [PMID: 29165056 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1359127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The mycotoxin citrinin (CTN) is a natural contaminant of various human foods that may produce serious adverse health problems. Several studies demonstrated that citrinin exerts cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in both in vivo and in vitro systems. However, the precise mechanisms of action (MOA), particularly in intestinal cells remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the precise MOA of citrinin in vitro. Data demonstrated that CTN significantly decreased the number of viable human intestinal HCT116 cells and induced apoptotic events including (1) decrease in ΔѰm indicative of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, (2) activation of caspase 3, (3) elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and (4) relative persistence of plasma membrane integrity. Further, the genetic deficiency of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax protected cells against CTN-induced apoptosis, indicating that Bax is required for CTN-mediated toxicity. It was also found that CTN triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activated different arms of the unfolded protein response (UPR) as demonstrated by increase in expression of GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein-78), GRP94 (glucose-regulated protein-94), GADD34 (growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein-34), the protein disulfide isomerase associated 6 (PDIA6), CHOP (C/EBP-homologous protein) and the splicing of XBP1 (X-Box Binding Protein 1). Pretreatment of cells with the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA), known to alleviate ER stress, prevented significantly the apoptotic process triggered by CTN. Taken together, these results suggest that CTN exerts its cytotoxic effects in HCT116 cells by inducing apoptosis, at least in part, through induction of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Salah
- a Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Monastir , Tunisia
- b Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Bizerte , Tunisia
| | - Chayma Bouaziz
- a Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Alexandre Prola
- c INSERM UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay , Chatenay-Malabry , France
| | - Julie Pires Da Silva
- c INSERM UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay , Chatenay-Malabry , France
| | - Hassen Bacha
- a Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- a Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Christophe Lemaire
- d Université Versailles St-Quentin, Inserm UMR-S 1180, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay , Chatenay-Malabry , France
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Nakajima Y, Iguchi H, Kamisuki S, Sugawara F, Furuichi T, Shinoda Y. Low doses of the mycotoxin citrinin protect cortical neurons against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 41:311-9. [PMID: 26961616 DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Citrinin, a natural mycotoxin that is found in fermented foods, is known as a cytotoxin and nephrotoxin. Exposure to high doses of citrinin result in apoptosis; however, the effects of low doses are not fully understood. Glutamate excitotoxicity is responsible for neuronal death in acute neurological disorders including stroke, trauma and other neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we show the neuroprotective effect of low doses of citrinin against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. We examined the effect of citrinin exposure on glutamate-induced cell death in cultured rat cortical neurons under two conditions: simultaneous treatment with citrinin 0.1 to 1,000 nM and glutamate (30 μM) for 1, 3 hr; the same simultaneous treatment for 3 hr after pretreatment with citrinin for 21 hr. Both the MTT and immunocytochemical assay showed significant neuroprotective effects at several doses and exposure times tested. All concentrations of citrinin tested showed no remarkable cell death following 14-day exposure, and no marked alterations to synapses. These data suggest that low doses of citrinin can be used as a neuroprotective agent against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity without additional harmful cellular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Japan
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Boussabbeh M, Ben Salem I, Belguesmi F, Neffati F, Najjar MF, Abid-Essefi S, Bacha H. Crocin protects the liver and kidney from patulin-induced apoptosis in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9799-9808. [PMID: 26856859 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin mainly produced by Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Bissochlamys. Given the high risk associated with this mycotoxin, its potential effects have been investigated by many studies. It is known to be teratogenic, mutagenic, and genotoxic, and it has been shown to induce damages in several organs in experimental animals. Our aim was to investigate the preventive effect against PAT-induced apoptosis in vivo using natural carotenoid, Crocin (CRO). Mice were divided into six groups: a control group, a "PAT alone" group, a "CRO alone" group, and a "PAT plus CRO" groups (pre-treatment conditions). Our results showed that CRO restored the normal levels of biochemical parameters in the liver and kidney. The analysis of the protein expression in these organs revealed that PAT-induced toxicity promotes the induction of apoptosis via the increase in P53, Bax, and cytochrome C and the decrease in Bcl2 expressions. We also found that PAT triggered caspase 3 activation and DNA fragmentation. However, pre-treatment with CRO demonstrated a reduction in the induction of apoptosis via the regulation of all tested biomarkers demonstrating that CRO is effective in the protection against PAT hazards. This could be relevant, particularly with the emergent demand for natural products which may counteract the detrimental toxic effects and therefore prevents multiple human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Boussabbeh
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Intidhar Ben Salem
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Faicel Belguesmi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Fadwa Neffati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry-Toxicology, Monastir University Hospital, Monaster, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Fadhel Najjar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry-Toxicology, Monastir University Hospital, Monaster, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Hassen Bacha
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
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Luo Y, Wang Z, Yuan Y, Zhou Z, Yue T. Patulin adsorption of a superior microorganism strain with low flavour-affection of kiwi fruit juice. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2014.1874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate a microbial strain with higher patulin adsorption capability and lower flavour-affection on kiwi fruit juice, and study patulin adsorption behaviour effects on cell morphology and adsorption kinetics. Electronic-nose and physicochemical analysis methods were combined to evaluate the flavour and quality of treated kiwi fruit juice. The results showed that yeasts had a good performance on biomass, patulin adsorption and flavour maintenance. Besides, patulin adsorption behaviour and kinetic study of yeast strain N-10 was investigated, the results showed that patulin adsorption capability was influenced by cell morphology, its adsorption behaviour followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, and equilibrium experiments fit the Langmuir isotherm model. The investigation revealed that patulin adsorption is a spontaneous endothermic physic-sorption behaviour. During adsorption, patulin moved from the liquid to the adsorbent surface and the capability of adsorbents was associated with their cell surface morphology. This study provides a basis for the selection of strains with improved patulin adsorption from kiwi fruit juice and provides the experimental foundation and theoretical basis for future studies of patulin adsorption in fruit juice, it has great potential application for the control of patulin in the juice processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China P.R
| | - Z.L. Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China P.R
| | - Y.H. Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China P.R
| | - Z.K. Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China P.R
| | - T.L. Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China P.R
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Boussabbeh M, Ben Salem I, Belguesmi F, Bacha H, Abid-Essefi S. Tissue oxidative stress induced by patulin and protective effect of crocin. Neurotoxicology 2016; 53:343-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Papp G, Máté G, Mike N, Gazdag Z, Pesti M. Regulation of the antioxidant system in cells of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe after combined treatment with patulin and citrinin. Toxicon 2016; 111:100-7. [PMID: 26752674 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of combined treatment with patulin (PAT) and citrinin (CTN) on Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells were investigated in acute toxicity tests. In comparison with the controls the exposure of fission yeast cells (10(7) cells ml(-1)) to PAT + CTN (250 μM each) for 1 h at a survival rate of 66.6% significantly elevated the concentration of total reactive oxygen species (ROS) via increased levels of peroxides without affecting the concentrations of superoxides or the hydroxyl radical. This treatment induced a 3.08-fold increase in the specific concentration of glutathione and elevated specific activities of catalase and glutathione S-transferase, while at the same time the activity of glutathione reductase decreased. The pattern of the ROS was the same as that induced by CTN (Máté et al., 2014), while the presence of PAT in the PAT + CTN combination treatment modified the activities of the antioxidant system (Papp et al., 2012) in comparison with the individual PAT or CTN treatment, suggesting toxin-specific regulation of glutathione and the enzymes of the antioxidant system and the possibility that the transcription factor (pap1 and atf1) -regulated processes might be influenced directly by ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Papp
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Microbial Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Máté
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nóra Mike
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Gazdag
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Microbial Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Miklós Pesti
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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30
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Boussabbeh M, Ben Salem I, Rjiba-Touati K, Bouyahya C, Neffati F, Najjar MF, Bacha H, Abid-Essefi S. The potential effect of patulin on mice bearing melanoma cells: an anti-tumour or carcinogenic effect? Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6285-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Luo Y, Wang J, Liu B, Wang Z, Yuan Y, Yue T. Effect of Yeast Cell Morphology, Cell Wall Physical Structure and Chemical Composition on Patulin Adsorption. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136045. [PMID: 26295574 PMCID: PMC4546513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The capability of yeast to adsorb patulin in fruit juice can aid in substantially reducing the patulin toxic effect on human health. This study aimed to investigate the capability of yeast cell morphology and cell wall internal structure and composition to adsorb patulin. To compare different yeast cell morphologies, cell wall internal structure and composition, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography were used. The results indicated that patulin adsorption capability of yeast was influenced by cell surface areas, volume, and cell wall thickness, as well as 1,3-β-glucan content. Among these factors, cell wall thickness and 1,3-β-glucan content serve significant functions. The investigation revealed that patulin adsorption capability was mainly affected by the three-dimensional network structure of the cell wall composed of 1,3-β-glucan. Finally, patulin adsorption in commercial kiwi fruit juice was investigated, and the results indicated that yeast cells could adsorb patulin from commercial kiwi fruit juice efficiently. This study can potentially simulate in vitro cell walls to enhance patulin adsorption capability and successfully apply to fruit juice industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhouli Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Li B, Zong Y, Du Z, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Qin G, Zhao W, Tian S. Genomic Characterization Reveals Insights Into Patulin Biosynthesis and Pathogenicity in Penicillium Species. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2015; 28:635-47. [PMID: 25625822 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-14-0398-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Penicillium species are fungal pathogens that infect crop plants worldwide. P. expansum differs from P. italicum and P. digitatum, all major postharvest pathogens of pome and citrus, in that the former is able to produce the mycotoxin patulin and has a broader host range. The molecular basis of host-specificity of fungal pathogens has now become the focus of recent research. The present report provides the whole genome sequence of P. expansum (33.52 Mb) and P. italicum (28.99 Mb) and identifies differences in genome structure, important pathogenic characters, and secondary metabolite (SM) gene clusters in Penicillium species. We identified a total of 55 gene clusters potentially related to secondary metabolism, including a cluster of 15 genes (named PePatA to PePatO), that may be involved in patulin biosynthesis in P. expansum. Functional studies confirmed that PePatL and PePatK play crucial roles in the biosynthesis of patulin and that patulin production is not related to virulence of P. expansum. Collectively, P. expansum contains more pathogenic genes and SM gene clusters, in particular, an intact patulin cluster, than P. italicum or P. digitatum. These findings provide important information relevant to understanding the molecular network of patulin biosynthesis and mechanisms of host-specificity in Penicillium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqiang Li
- 1 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zong
- 1 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglin Du
- 2 Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yong Chen
- 1 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- 1 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenming Zhao
- 2 Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shiping Tian
- 1 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Boussabbeh M, Ben Salem I, Prola A, Guilbert A, Bacha H, Abid-Essefi S, Lemaire C. Patulin induces apoptosis through ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Toxicol Sci 2015; 144:328-37. [PMID: 25577197 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Patulin (PAT) is a toxic metabolite produced by several filamentous fungi of the genera of Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Byssochlamys. PAT is the most common mycotoxin found in apples and apple-based products including juice, compotes, cider, and baby food. Exposure to this mycotoxin has been reported to induce intestinal and kidney injuries. This study investigated the mechanism of PAT-induced toxicity in human colon carcinoma (HCT116) and embryonic kidney cells (HEK293). We demonstrated that PAT activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and unfolded protein response as evidenced by up-regulation of GRP78 and GADD34, splicing of XBP1 mRNA, and expression of the proapoptotic factor CHOP. This ER stress response was accompanied by the induction of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Apoptosis occurred with ROS production, drop in mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase activation. Further, we showed that deficiency of the proapoptotic protein Bax or Bak protected cells against PAT-induced apoptosis. The treatment of cells with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine inhibits the ER stress response and prevents mitochondrial apoptosis. Collectively, our data provide new mechanistic insights in the signaling pathways of the cell death induced by PAT and demonstrate that PAT induces cytotoxicity through a ROS-dependent mechanism involving ER stress and activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in human intestinal and kidney cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Boussabbeh
- *Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia, INSERM UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France and Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Intidhar Ben Salem
- *Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia, INSERM UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France and Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Alexandre Prola
- *Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia, INSERM UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France and Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Arnaud Guilbert
- *Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia, INSERM UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France and Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Hassen Bacha
- *Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia, INSERM UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France and Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- *Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia, INSERM UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France and Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Christophe Lemaire
- *Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia, INSERM UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France and Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France *Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia, INSERM UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France and Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France *Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia, INSERM UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France and Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France
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Pfenning C, Esch HL, Fliege R, Lehmann L. The mycotoxin patulin reacts with DNA bases with and without previous conjugation to GSH: implication for related α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds? Arch Toxicol 2014; 90:433-48. [PMID: 25537190 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group is recognized as alert for mutagenicity, attributed to (1) its direct reaction with DNA, counteractable by glutathione (GSH), and (2) oxidative stress caused indirectly by GSH depletion. Accordingly, the α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated lactone patulin (PAT), a mycotoxin detected in fruits and products derived thereof, is known to induce gene, chromosome, and genome mutations in vitro, its mutagenicity correlating inversely with intracellular GSH levels. Thus, the reactivity of PAT against DNA bases and nucleosides in the absence and presence of GSH and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) was investigated under cell-free conditions using HPLC mass spectrometry techniques for identification of reaction products. Adduct formation with all four nucleobases as well as with purine base nucleosides occurred even in the presence of GSH, revealing several adducts of PAT, mono- and disubstituted with nucleobases/nucleosides as well as novel GSH-PAT adducts. In addition, novel mixed GSH-PAT-nucleobase adducts were observed. These adducts exhibited a ketohexanoic acid-type structure of the PAT molecule, C6 substituted with GSH and linking C1 of PAT with nitrogens of nucleobases/nucleosides via an amide bond. Formation of GSH-PAT-adenine adducts was not prevented by GSTs, and excess of GSH needed to reduce their formation was higher than for PAT-adenine adducts. The formation of mixed GSH-DNA base adducts has not been described for PAT or any other α,β-unsaturated carbonyl before, although the reaction mechanism seems to be applicable to a variety of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls occurring in food and in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Pfenning
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald L Esch
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Fliege
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Leane Lehmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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Regulation of oxidative stress-induced cytotoxic processes of citrinin in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Toxicon 2014; 90:155-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Song E, Xia X, Su C, Dong W, Xian Y, Wang W, Song Y. Hepatotoxicity and genotoxicity of patulin in mice, and its modulation by green tea polyphenols administration. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 71:122-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yuan Y, Wang X, Hatab S, Wang Z, Wang Y, Luo Y, Yue T. Patulin reduction in apple juice by inactivated Alicyclobacillus spp. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 59:604-9. [PMID: 25130934 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study aimed to investigate the reduction of patulin (PAT) in apple juice by 12 inactivated Alicyclobacillus strains. The reduction rate of PAT by each strain was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results indicated that the removal of PAT was strain specific. Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris 92 and A. acidoterrestris 96 were the most effective ones among the 12 tested strains in the removal of PAT. Therefore, these two strains were selected to study the effects of incubation time, initial PAT concentration and bacteria powder amount on PAT removal abilities of Alicyclobacillus. The highest PAT reduction rates of 88·8 and 81·6% were achieved after 24-h incubation with initial PAT concentration of 100 μg l(-1) and bacteria powder amount of 40 g l(-1) , respectively. Moreover, it was found that the treatment by these 12 inactivated Alicyclobacillus strains had no negative effect on the quality parameters of apple juice. Similar assays were performed in supermarket apple juice, where inactivated Alicyclobacillus cells could efficiently reduce PAT content. Taken together, these data suggest the possible application of this strategy as a means to detoxify PAT-contaminated juices. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Inactivated Alicyclobacillus cells can efficiently reduce patulin concentration in apple juice. It provides a theoretical foundation for recycling of Alicyclobacillus cells from spoiled apple juice to reduce the source of pollution and the cost of juice industry. This is the first report on the use of Alicyclobacillus to remove patulin from apple juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Ogawa Y, Hirose D, Akiyama A, Ichinoe M. Examination of the taxonomic position of Penicillium strains used in blue cheese production based on the partial sequence of β-tubulin. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2014; 55:157-61. [PMID: 24990763 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.55.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Penicillium roqueforti is a well known starter used for blue cheese production. Two closely related species, P. carneum and P. paneum, were previously classified as varieties of P. roqueforti. Penicillium roqueforti does not produce patulin, a mycotoxin harmful for human health, whereas both P. carneum and P. paneum actively produce this toxin. From the viewpoint of food safety, it is thus important to confirm that P. carneum and P. paneum are not used for cheese production. In the present study, the taxonomic position of Penicillium strains used for blue cheese production was examined on the basis of the partial sequence of β-tubulin. Twenty-eight Penicillium strains isolated from blue cheeses were investigated. All the examined strains belonged to P. roqueforti. Therefore, the Penicillium strains used for production of the blue cheese samples examined here do not negatively impact on human health.
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Doi K, Uetsuka K. Mechanisms of Mycotoxin-induced Dermal Toxicity and Tumorigenesis Through Oxidative Stress-related Pathways. J Toxicol Pathol 2014; 27:1-10. [PMID: 24791061 PMCID: PMC4000067 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2013-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the many mycotoxins, T-2 toxin, citrinin (CTN), patulin (PAT), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are known to have the potential to induce dermal toxicity and/or tumorigenesis in rodent models. T-2 toxin, CTN, PAT and OTA induce apoptosis in mouse or rat skin. PAT, AFB1 and OTA have tumor initiating properties, and OTA is also a tumor promoter in mouse skin. This paper reviews the molecular mechanisms of dermal toxicity and tumorigenesis induced in rodent models by these mycotoxins especially from the viewpoint of oxidative stress-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Doi
- Bozo Research Center Inc., 8 Ohkubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan ; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koji Uetsuka
- Animal Health Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
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Incidence of citrinin in red yeast rice and various commercial Monascus products in Taiwan from 2009 to 2012. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Toxicity of the mycotoxin citrinin and its metabolite dihydrocitrinone and of mixtures of citrinin and ochratoxin A in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1097-107. [PMID: 24577378 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Citrinin (CIT) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are mycotoxins produced by several species of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Monascus. Both can be present as contaminants in various food commodities and in animal feed. The occurrence and toxicity of OTA and human exposure have been intensively studied, but for CIT such data are scarce by comparison. Recently, dihydrocitrinone (DH-CIT) was detected as main metabolite of CIT in human urine, and co-occurrence of CIT and OTA was shown in human blood plasma (Blaszkewicz et al. in Arch Toxicol 87:1087-1094, 2013). In light of these new findings, we have now investigated the toxicity of the metabolite DH-CIT in comparison with CIT and analysed the effects of mixtures of CIT and OTA in vitro. The cytotoxic potency of DH-CIT (IC50 of 320/200 μM) was distinctly lower compared with CIT (IC50 of 70/62 μM) after treatment of V79 cells for 24 and 48 h. Whereas CIT induced a concentration-dependent increase in micronucleus frequencies at concentrations ≥30 μM, DH-CIT showed no genotoxic effect up to 300 μM. Thus, conversion of CIT to DH-CIT in humans can be regarded as a detoxification step. Mixtures of CIT and OTA exerted additive effects in cytotoxicity assays. The effect of CIT and OTA mixtures on induction of micronuclei varied dependent on the used concentrations between additive for low μM concentrations and more-than-additive for high μM concentrations. Effects on cell cycle were mostly triggered by OTA when both mycotoxins were used in combination. The implications of our and related in vitro studies are discussed with respect to in vivo concentrations of CIT and OTA, which are found in animals and in humans.
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Katsuyama A, Konno T, Shimoyama S, Kikuchi H. The Mycotoxin Patulin Decreases Expression of Density-Enhanced Phosphatase-1 by Down-Regulating PPAR γ in Human Colon Cancer Cells. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2014; 233:265-74. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.233.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Katsuyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University
| | - Tomomi Konno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University
| | - Shuji Shimoyama
- Science of Bioresources, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University
| | - Hideaki Kikuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University
- Science of Bioresources, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University
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Klarić MŠ, Rašić D, Peraica M. Deleterious effects of mycotoxin combinations involving ochratoxin A. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:1965-87. [PMID: 24189375 PMCID: PMC3847710 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5111965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin with carcinogenic properties. Its presence was detected in various foodstuffs all over the world but with significantly higher frequency and concentrations in areas with endemic nephropathy (EN). Even though food is often contaminated with more than one mycotoxin, earlier studies focused on the occurrence and toxicology of only OTA. Only a limited number of surveys showed that OTA co-occurs in food with mycotoxins (citrinin-CIT, penicilic acid, fumonisin B1-FB1, aflatoxins-AF) which exert nephrotoxic, carcinogenic or carcinogen-promoting activity. This review summarises the findings on OTA and its co-occurrence with the mentioned mycotoxins in food as well as experimental data on their combined toxicity. Most of the tested mycotoxin mixtures involving OTA produced additive or synergistic effects in experimental models suggesting that these combinations represent a significant health hazard. Special attention should be given to mixtures that include carcinogenic and cancer-promoting mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šegvić Klarić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Schrottova 39, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Rašić
- Unit of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; E-Mails: (D.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Maja Peraica
- Unit of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; E-Mails: (D.R.); (M.P.)
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Regulation of cytotoxic, non-estrogenic, oxidative stress-induced processes of zearalenone in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Toxicon 2013; 73:130-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Kuroda K, Ishii Y, Takasu S, Kijima A, Matsushita K, Watanabe M, Takahashi H, Sugita-Konishi Y, Sakai H, Yanai T, Nohmi T, Ogawa K, Umemura T. Cell cycle progression, but not genotoxic activity, mainly contributes to citrinin-induced renal carcinogenesis. Toxicology 2013; 311:216-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Blaskó Á, Mike N, Gróf P, Gazdag Z, Czibulya Z, Nagy L, Kunsági-Máté S, Pesti M. Citrinin-induced fluidization of the plasma membrane of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:636-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mueller A, Schlink U, Wichmann G, Bauer M, Graebsch C, Schüürmann G, Herbarth O. Individual and combined effects of mycotoxins from typical indoor moulds. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1970-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Piqué E, Vargas-Murga L, Gómez-Catalán J, Lapuente JD, Llobet JM. Occurrence of patulin in organic and conventional apple-based food marketed in Catalonia and exposure assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:199-204. [PMID: 23900007 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, consumption of organic foods has become increasingly popular. Nevertheless, safety of organic foods is still unclear, and needs to be thoroughly evaluated. Patulin is a mycotoxin mainly present in rotten apples and apple-based products. The aim of this study is to analyse the content of patulin in apple juices and purees derived from organic and conventional production systems, in order to assess the risk to consumers, particularly in children. A total of 93 apple-based products marketed in Catalonia were analysed, 49 of which were derived from conventional and 44 from organic farming. The results showed higher incidence of positive samples and higher concentration of patulin in organic apple purees when comparing with conventional ones. In the case of juices, significant differences were found between conventional and organic samples, but applying a multivariate analysis the type of agriculture did not seem to have a relevant contribution to patulin occurrence, being cloudiness the main factor involved. The estimated daily intake of patulin for infants and young children (0-3 years old), children (4-18 years old) and adults (19-66 years old), were below the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of 0.4 μg/kg bw in all scenarios considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Piqué
- GRET-CERETOX and Toxicology Unit, Public Health Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA·UB), Food and Nutrition Torribera Campus, Avda. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
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Ayed-Boussema I, Abassi H, Bouaziz C, Hlima WB, Ayed Y, Bacha H. Antioxidative and antigenotoxic effect of vitamin E against patulin cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in HepG2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2013; 28:299-306. [PMID: 21656641 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin produced in fruits, mainly in apples, by certain species of Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Byssochlamys. It has been shown that PAT is cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic in different cell types. Several studies incriminate the oxidative stress as a mechanism of PAT-mediated toxicity. In this context, our aim was to investigate the protective role of Vitamin E (Vit E), an antioxidant agent, against PAT induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in cultured HepG2 cells. The obtained results showed that addition of Vit E in cells treated with PAT significantly reduce cell mortality induced by this toxin. In the same conditions, Vit E decreased the intracellular level of ROS, reduced PAT induced p53 expression, and reversed PAT induced DNA damage. In addition, Vit E prevented significantly the percentage of chromosome aberrations induced by PAT in HepG2 cells in a concentration dependant manner. These results suggest that Vit E, an exogenous antioxidant agent, plays an important role in defense against PAT-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, which confirms the involvement of oxidative stress in the induction of DNA damage by PAT in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ayed-Boussema
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds-LRSBC, Monastir University, Rue Avicenne, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
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