1
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Zheng X, Pang Y, Hasenbilige, Yang Y, Li Q, Liu Y, Cao J. ATF4-mediated different mode of interaction between autophagy and mTOR determines cell fate dependent on the level of ER stress induced by Cr(VI). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116639. [PMID: 38964069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] exists widely in occupational environments. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been well-documented to regulate autophagy negatively. However, we found that low concentration of Cr(VI) (0.2 μM) elevated both mTOR and autophagy and promote cell survival. Conversely, high concentration of Cr(VI) (6 μM) caused cell death by inhibiting mTOR and subsequently inducing autophagy. Tunicamycin (Tm), as an Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activator was used to induce mild ER stress at 0.1 μg/ml and it activated both autophagy and mTOR, which also caused cell migration in a similar manner to that observed with low concentration of Cr(VI). Severe ER stress caused by Tm (2 μg/ml) decreased mTOR, increased autophagy and then inhibited cell migration, which was the same as 6 μM Cr(VI) treatment, although Cr(VI) in high concentration inhibited ER stress. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a downstream target of ER stress, only increased under mild ER stress but decreased under severe ER stress and 6 μM Cr(VI) treatment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiment indicated that ATF4 could bind to the promoter of ATG4B and AKT1. To sum up, our data revealed that mild ER stress induced by low concentration of Cr(VI) could enhance transcriptional regulation of ATG4B and AKT1 by ATF4, which induced both autophagy and mTOR to promote cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116027, China
| | - Yuxin Pang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hasenbilige
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yanqiu Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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2
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Navin AK, Aruldhas MM, Mani KK, Navaneethabalakrishnan S, Venkatachalam S, Banu SK. Unraveling Hypothalamus-Pituitary dysregulation: Hypergonadotropism in F 1 progeny due to prenatal exposure to hexavalent chromium. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23699. [PMID: 38532648 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The endocrine disruptor hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a proven reproductive toxicant. We recently demonstrated that prenatal Cr(VI) exposure causes testicular resistance to gonadotropins, resulting in hypergonadotropic hypoandrogenism in F1 rats. However, the mechanism driving hypergonadotropism in F1 rats exposed to Cr(VI) prenatally remains an enigma. Therefore, we hypothesized that 'Prenatal Cr(VI) exposure may disrupt steroid hormones-mediated negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamic GnRH, and its receptor in the pituitary of F1 rats, leading to hypergonadotropism.' We administered potassium dichromate (50, 100, or 200 mg/L) to pregnant rats through drinking water between days 9 and 14, and their male F1 offspring were euthanized at 60 days of age. Prenatal Cr(VI) exposure in F1 rats resulted in the accumulation of Cr in the hypothalamus and pituitary. Western blot detected decreased hypothalamic GnRH, Kisspeptin1, and its receptor GPR54, along with diminished ERα, AR, aromatase, and 5α reductase, and GnRH regulatory transcription factors Pit-1 and GATA-4 proteins. Immunohistochemical studies revealed increased immunopositivity of GnRH receptor, AR, 5α reductase, ERα, ERβ, and aromatase proteins in the pituitary, whereas decreased Kisspeptin1, GPR54, and inhibin β. Our findings imply that Cr(VI) exposure during the prenatal period disrupts the hypothalamic Kisspeptin-GPR54-Pit-1/GATA4-GnRH network, boosting the pituitary GnRH receptor. We conclude that prenatal exposure to Cr(VI) alters GnRH expression in the hypothalamus and its receptor in the pituitary of F1 progeny through interfering with the negative feedback effect of androgens and estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar Navin
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani-Velachery Link Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariajoseph Michael Aruldhas
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani-Velachery Link Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kathiresh Kumar Mani
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani-Velachery Link Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shobana Navaneethabalakrishnan
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani-Velachery Link Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sankar Venkatachalam
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani-Velachery Link Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sakhila K Banu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, TAMU-4458, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Sazakli E. Human Health Effects of Oral Exposure to Chromium: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:406. [PMID: 38673319 PMCID: PMC11050383 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The toxicity and carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium via the inhalation route is well established. However, a scientific debate has arisen about the potential effects of oral exposure to chromium on human health. Epidemiological studies evaluating the connection between ingested chromium and adverse health effects on the general population are limited. In recent years, a wealth of biomonitoring studies has emerged evaluating the associations between chromium levels in body fluids and tissues and health outcomes. This systematic review brings together epidemiological and biomonitoring evidence published over the past decade on the health effects of the general population related to oral exposure to chromium. In total, 65 studies were reviewed. There appears to be an inverse association between prenatal chromium exposure and normal fetal development. In adults, parameters of oxidative stress and biochemical alterations increase in response to chromium exposure, while effects on normal renal function are conflicting. Risks of urothelial carcinomas cannot be overlooked. However, findings regarding internal chromium concentrations and abnormalities in various tissues and systems are, in most cases, controversial. Environmental monitoring together with large cohort studies and biomonitoring with multiple biomarkers could fill the scientific gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Sazakli
- Lab of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, GR 26504 Patras, Greece
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4
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Murthy MK, Khandayataray P, Padhiary S, Samal D. A review on chromium health hazards and molecular mechanism of chromium bioremediation. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:461-478. [PMID: 35537040 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Living beings have been devastated by environmental pollution, which has reached its peak. The disastrous pollution of the environment is in large part due to industrial wastes containing toxic pollutants. The widespread use of chromium (Cr (III)/Cr (VI)) in industries, especially tanneries, makes it one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants. Chromium pollution is widespread due to ineffective treatment methods. Bioremediation of chromium (Cr) using bacteria is very thoughtful due to its eco-friendly and cost-effective outcome. In order to counter chromium toxicity, bacteria have numerous mechanisms, such as the ability to absorb, reduce, efflux, or accumulate the metal. In this review article, we focused on chromium toxicity on human and environmental health as well as its bioremediation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samprit Padhiary
- Department of Biotechnology, Academy of Management and Information Technology, Khordha, India
| | - Dibyaranjan Samal
- Department of Biotechnology, Academy of Management and Information Technology, Khordha, India
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5
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Perera HM, Rajapaksha AU, Liyanage S, Ekanayake A, Selvasembian R, Daverey A, Vithanage M. Enhanced adsorptive removal of hexavalent chromium in aqueous media using chitosan-modified biochar: Synthesis, sorption mechanism, and reusability. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:115982. [PMID: 37146934 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is deemed a priority contaminant owing to its carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and mutagenicity towards flora and fauna. A novel Chitosan-modified Mimosa pigra biochar (CMPBC) was fabricated and efficiency of Cr(VI) oxyanion removal in aqueous systems was compared with the pristine biochar. The gross composition of pyrolyzed biomass was determined through the proximate analysis. The instrumental characterization of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the amino modification of MPBC when treated with chitosan. Characteristic features of the Cr(VI) sorptive process by CMPBC and MPBC were examined by performing batch sorption studies. Experimental data suggested that sorption is heavily dependent on pH, with the highest adsorption capacity (14.4 ± 0.9 mg g-1) occurring at pH 3. It was further noted that the removal efficiency of CMPBC (92%) was considerably greater than that of MPBC (75%) when the biochar dose and initial concentration of Cr(VI) are 1 g L-1 and 5 mg L-1 respectively. The kinetic data were best interpreted by the power function model (R2 = 0.97) suggesting a homogenous chemisorption process. The isotherm data of removal of Cr(VI) by CMPBC was inferred well by Redlich Peterson and Temkin isotherms. Results of sorption-desorption regeneration cycles indicated that the Cr(VI) uptake by CMPBC is not fully reversible. The electrostatic attractions between cationic surface functionalities and Cr(VI) oxyanions, partial reductive transformation of Cr(VI) species to Cr(III), as well as complexation of Cr(III) onto CMPBC were the possible mechanisms of mitigation of Cr(VI) by CMPBC. The results and outcomes of this research suggest the possibility of utilizing the chitosan-modified Mimosa pigra biochar as an easily available, environmentally sustainable, and inexpensive sorbent to decontaminate Cr(VI) pollution from aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Methma Perera
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka; Instrument Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka; Instrument Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka.
| | - Sudantha Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Anusha Ekanayake
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Achlesh Daverey
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248012, India
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
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Mortada WI, El-Naggar A, Mosa A, Palansooriya KN, Yousaf B, Tang R, Wang S, Cai Y, Chang SX. Biogeochemical behaviour and toxicology of chromium in the soil-water-human nexus: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 331:138804. [PMID: 37137390 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) affects human health if it accumulates in organs to elevated concentrations. The toxicity risk of Cr in the ecosphere depends upon the dominant Cr species and their bioavailability in the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. However, the soil-water-human nexus that controls the biogeochemical behaviour of Cr and its potential toxicity is not fully understood. This paper synthesizes information on different dimensions of Cr ecotoxicological hazards in the soil and water and their subsequent effects on human health. The various routes of environmental exposure of Cr to humans and other organisms are also discussed. Human exposure to Cr(VI) causes both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health effects via complicated reactions that include oxidative stress, chromosomal and DNA damage, and mutagenesis. Chromium (VI) inhalation can cause lung cancer; however, incidences of other types of cancer following Cr(VI) exposure are low but probable. The non-carcinogenic health consequences of Cr(VI) exposure are primarily respiratory and cutaneous. Research on the biogeochemical behaviour of Cr and its toxicological hazards on human and other biological routes is therefore urgently needed to develop a holistic approach to understanding the soil-water-human nexus that controls the toxicological hazards of Cr and its detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael I Mortada
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ali El-Naggar
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China; Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11241, Egypt; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Ahmed Mosa
- Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | | | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ronggui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Shengsen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 W Huayang Rd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yanjiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Scott X Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H1, Canada.
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7
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Saouli A, Adjroud O, Ncir M, Bachir A, El Feki A. Attenuating effects of selenium and zinc against hexavalent chromium-induced oxidative stress, hormonal instability, and placenta damage in preimplanted rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:60050-60079. [PMID: 37017835 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
As a toxic metal, hexavalent chromium (CrVI) has effects on both the reproductive and endocrine systems. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) against the toxicity of chromium on the placenta in pregnant Wistar albino rats. Thirty pregnant Wistar rats were divided into control and four treated groups, receiving subcutaneously (s.c) on the 3rd day of pregnancy, K2Cr2O7 (10 mg/kg body weight (bw)) alone, or in association with Se (0.3 mg/kg bw), ZnCl2 (20 mg/kg bw), or both of them simultaneously. Plasma steroid hormones, placenta histoarchitecture, oxidative stress profile, and developmental parameters were investigated. These results showed that K2Cr2O7 exposure induced a significant increase in the levels of both plasma estradiol (E2) and placenta malondialdehyde (MDA), the number of fetal resorptions, and percent of post-implantation loss. On the other hand, K2Cr2O7 significantly reduced developmental parameters, maternal body and placenta weight, and plasma progesterone (P) and chorionic gonadotropin hormone (β HCG) levels. However, K2Cr2O7 significantly decreased the placenta activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), and nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH). These changes have been reinforced by histopathological evaluation of the placenta. Se and/or ZnCl2 supplementation provoked a significant improvement in most indices. These results suggest that the co-treatment with Se or ZnCl2 strongly opposes the placenta cytotoxicity induced by K2Cr2O7 through its antioxidant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Saouli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physio-Toxicology-Pathology and Biomolecules, Department of Biology of Organisms, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Batna 2, 5000, Batna, Algeria.
| | - Ounassa Adjroud
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physio-Toxicology-Pathology and Biomolecules, Department of Biology of Organisms, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Batna 2, 5000, Batna, Algeria
| | - Marwa Ncir
- Animal Eco-Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achouak Bachir
- Anatomy and Pathology Laboratory, EHS Salim Zemirli, 16200, El Harrach, Algeria
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- Animal Eco-Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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Leese E, Jones K, Bocca B, Bousoumah R, Castaño A, Galea KS, Iavicoli I, López ME, Leso V, Ndaw S, Porras SP, Ruggieri F, Scheepers PT, Santonen T, Cattaneo A, Cavallo DM, De Palma G, Forte G, Lehtinen R, Lovreglio P, Melczer M, Senofonte M, Spankie S, van Dael M. HBM4EU chromates study - the measurement of hexavalent and trivalent chromium in exhaled breath condensate samples from occupationally exposed workers across Europe. Toxicol Lett 2023; 375:59-68. [PMID: 36535516 PMCID: PMC9887428 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the practicability of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) as a biological matrix to detect and measure hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) in workers occupationally exposed to Cr(VI). EBC samples were collected from workers in France, Finland, Italy, The Netherlands and the United Kingdom from three different target activities: chrome platers, stainless steel welders and surface treatment workers. Pre and post working week EBC samples were collected from 177 exposed workers and 98 unexposed workers (control group). Hyphenated chromatography systems with inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were for the analysis. The results showed that the occupationally exposed workers had significantly higher levels of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) than the control group. Chrome platers exhibited the highest Cr(VI) levels in their EBC samples, with a significant increase from their pre to post samples for both Cr(VI) and Cr(III). A significant difference was also found between pre and post EBC samples for Cr(III) in welders. This study has shown that EBC has the potential to be a valid, non-invasive biological matrix to assess occupational exposure to Cr(VI) and Cr(III) for biological monitoring assessment, with the ability to detect low level inhalation exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Leese
- Health & Safety Executive, Science and Research Centre, Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire SK17 9JN, UK.
| | - Kate Jones
- Health & Safety Executive, Science and Research Centre, Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire SK17 9JN, UK
| | | | | | - Argelia Castaño
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karen S Galea
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marta Esteban López
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Veruscka Leso
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sophie Ndaw
- French National Research & Safety Institute, France
| | - Simo P. Porras
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Paul T.J Scheepers
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tiina Santonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - HBM4EU chromates study teamAnzionRobiCattaneoAndreajCavalloDomenico MariajDe PalmaGiuseppekForteGiovannilLehtinenRistomLovreglioPieronMelczerMathieuoSenofonteMartalSpankieSallypvan DaelMauriceiRadboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the NetherlandsDepartment of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, ItalyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, ItalyIstituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, ItalyFinnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, FinlandInterdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, ItalyFrench National Research & Safety Institute, FranceInstitute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, UK
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9
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Gumus E, Sisko A, Abas BI, Demirkan B, Cevik O. Quercetin protects mouse oocytes against chromium-induced damage in vitro and in vivo. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 75:127087. [PMID: 36209711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromium (Cr) is a naturally-occurring element that is used in various fields of industry. Humans may be exposed to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], which is one of the stable valence states of the chromium through contaminated soil, air, and water. Exposure to Cr(VI) through contaminated drinking water, soil and air causes various cancers and also fertility problems in animals and humans. Quercetin (QCT), a common flavonoid compound, has numerous biological effects as an antioxidant and free radical scavenger, but its function and mechanisms in reproductive processes in various species remain unclear. This study aims to determine the chromium effects on mice oocyte quality and the ameliorative effect of QCT in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. METHODS For the in vitro experiment, oocytes were collected and divided into the control, sham, QCT-treated, Cr(VI) (potassium dichromate), and treatment [Cr(VI)+QCT] groups. Collected oocytes were cultured in maturation medium with or without 10 µM quercetin and 10 µM Cr(VI) for 14 h based on the defined experimental design. For the in vivo experiment, the mice were randomly divided into the control, sham, QCT-treated, Cr(VI), and Cr(VI) + QCT groups. Control and sham mice received regular drinking water and diet. Cr(VI) group received Cr(VI) (50 ppm in drinking water) and Cr(VI) + QCT group received 50 ppm Cr(VI) with QCT (20 mg/kg body wt, through i.p) for a period of 21 days and then oocytes were collected and cultured for 14 h for in vitro maturation. For both experiments, at the end of the culture period, we examined the ameliorative effect of QCT on oocyte maturation, spindle formation, ROS production, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis. RESULTS Our in vitro and in vivo results showed that Cr(VI) disrupt the oocyte maturation and spindle formation (P < 0.001). Furthermore, we found that exposure to Cr(VI) significantly increased ROS levels and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (P < 0.001). In addition, exposure to Cr(VI) induced early apoptosis and downregulated the Bcl-2 mRNA expression and upregulated the Caspase-3 and Bax mRNAs expression (P < 0.01). Finally, quercetin significantly restored the detrimental effects of Cr(VI). CONCLUSION The results indicated that quercetin protects the oocytes against Cr(VI) toxicity through the suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The conclusions drawn from our study's findings suggest that quercetin might be useful agent for oocyte maturation in case of possible exposure to toxic substances such as chromium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Gumus
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
| | - Asli Sisko
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Burcin Irem Abas
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Busra Demirkan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Ozge Cevik
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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10
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Stewart B, Nicholas S, Bone S, Tappero R, Eger P, Sheik C, Toner BM. A low-input strategy for chromium removal from industrial stormwater using peat sorbent. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2022; 51:1054-1065. [PMID: 35900088 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost and low-input water treatment systems are important for industrial stormwater remediation. Here we examine a flow-through reactor treatment installation where water exceeds the allowable maximum concentration for drinking water in multiple metals (e.g., chromium [Cr], cadmium [Cd], zinc [Zn]) prior to treatment. Specifically, we seek to understand why Cr attenuated in the reactors is not leachable by identifying the specific chemical form of Cr and dominant mechanisms promoting sequestration in the reactors. Total solid-phase Cr concentration in the peat media ranged from 50 to 150 mg/kg after 1 yr of exposure to stormwater to 300 to 900 mg/kg after 3.5 yr. X-ray fluorescence mapping images show Cr, iron (Fe), and Zn spatially correlated over a scale of 10 μm to 5 mm. Chromium rinds form on the edges of peat particles as Cr accumulates. Chromium and Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy reveal chromium predominately in the 3+ oxidation state with lesser amounts of elemental Cr. We propose the primary means of chromium attenuation in the reactors is precipitation as Cr-Fe hydroxides combined with trivalent Cr adsorption onto peat surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy Stewart
- Dep. of Soil, Water, and Climate, Univ. of Minnesota - Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Sarah Nicholas
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Sharon Bone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Tappero
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Paul Eger
- Global Minerals Engineering, Hibbing, MN, USA
| | - Cody Sheik
- Biology Dep. and Large Lakes Observatory, Univ. of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Brandy M Toner
- Dep. of Soil, Water, and Climate, Univ. of Minnesota - Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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11
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Zhang Z, Li J, Yan B, Tu H, Huang C, Costa M. Loss of MEG3 and upregulation of miR-145 play an important role in the invasion and migration of Cr(VI)-transformed cells. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10086. [PMID: 36046536 PMCID: PMC9421329 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure of human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) causes malignant cell transformation. These transformed cells exhibit increases in migration and invasion. Neuronal precursor of developmentally downregulated protein 9 (NEDD9) is upregulated in Cr(VI)-transformed cells compared to that of passage-matched normal BEAS-2B cells. Knockdown of NEDD9 by its shRNA reduced invasion and migration of Cr(VI)-transformed cells. Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), a long noncoding RNA, was lost and microRNA 145 (miR-145) was upregulated in Cr(VI)-transformed cells. MEG3 was bound to miR-145 and this binding reduced its activity. Overexpression of MEG3 or inhibition of miR-145 decreased invasion and migration of Cr(VI)-transformed cells. Overexpression of MEG3 was able to decrease miR-145 level and NEDD9 protein level in Cr(VI)-transformed cells. Ectopic expression of MEG3 was also shown to reduce β-catenin activation. Inhibition of miR-145 in Cr(VI)-transformed cells decreased Slug, an important transcription factor that regulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Inhibition of miR-145 was found to increase MEG3 in Cr(VI)-transformed cells. Further studies showed that mutation of MEG3 at the binding site for miR-145 did not change NEDD9 and failed to decrease invasion and migration. The present study demonstrated that loss of MEG3 and upregulation of miR-145 elevated NEDD9, resulting in activation of β-catenin and further upregulation of EMT, leading to increased invasion and migration of Cr(VI)-transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 341 East 25 Street, New York, New York, 10010, USA
| | - Jingxia Li
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 341 East 25 Street, New York, New York, 10010, USA
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 341 East 25 Street, New York, New York, 10010, USA
| | - Huailu Tu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 341 East 25 Street, New York, New York, 10010, USA
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 341 East 25 Street, New York, New York, 10010, USA
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 341 East 25 Street, New York, New York, 10010, USA
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12
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Deb AK, Biswas B, Naidu R, Rahman MM. Mechanistic insights of hexavalent chromium remediation by halloysite-supported copper nanoclusters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126812. [PMID: 34396956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) pollution is a significant environmental concern with remediation challenge. Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is more toxic than trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) due to its mutagenicity and oncogenicity. In this investigation, a multi-functional material, copper nanoclusters (CuNCs)-halloysite nanotubes (HNT) composite (CuNCs@HNT), has been synthesised in an eco-friendly manner and utilised for Cr(VI) remediation. Advanced analytical tools confirmed the seeding of ultra-fine CuNCs onto HNT surfaces. The maximum adsorption capacity of CuNCs@HNT is 79.14 ± 6.99 mg/g at pH 5 ± 0.1 with an increment at lower pHs. This performance was comparable for real surface stream water as well as other reported materials. The pseudo-second-order kinetic-, intra-particle diffusion- and Freundlich isotherm models well fit the experimental data implying that the chemisorption, multiphase diffusion and multi-molecular layer distribution occurred during adsorption. The Fourier-transform infrared and the x-ray photoelectron spectra also ensured the transformation of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) indicating the material's suitability for concurrent adsorption and reduction of Cr(VI). While coexisting cations and anions did not overwhelm this adsorption, CuNCs@HNT was regenerated and reused five successive times in adsorption-desorption cycles without significant loss of adsorption capacity and material's integrity. Therefore, this multi-functional, biocompatible, low-cost and stable CuNCs@HNT composite may have practical application for similar toxic metals remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Kanti Deb
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Institute of Leather Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Bhabananda Biswas
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, STEM UniSA, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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13
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Kumaravel TS, Sathya TN, Balaje R, Pradeepa P, Yogaraj D, Murali MR, Navaneethakrishnan KR, Murugan S, Jha AN. Genotoxicity evaluation of medical devices: A regulatory perspective. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 789:108407. [PMID: 35690410 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review critically evaluates our current regulatory understanding of genotoxicity testing and risk assessment of medical devices. Genotoxicity risk assessment of these devices begins with the evaluation of materials of construction, manufacturing additives and all residual materials for potential to induce DNA damage. This is followed by extractable and/or leachable (E&L) studies to understand the worst case and/or clinical exposures, coupled with risk assessment of extractables or leachables. The TTC (Threshold of Toxicological Concern) approach is used to define acceptable levels of genotoxic chemicals, when identified. Where appropriate, in silico predictions may be used to evaluate the genotoxic potentials of identifiable chemicals with limited toxicological data and above the levels defined by TTC. Devices that could not be supported by E&L studies are evaluated by in vitro genotoxicity studies conducted in accordance with ISO10993-3 and 33. Certain endpoints such as 'site of contact genotoxicity' that are specific for certain classes of medical devices are currently not addressed in the current standards. The review also illustrates the potential uses of recent advances to achieve the goal of robust genotoxicity assessment of medical devices which are being increasingly used for health benefits. The review also highlights the gaps for genotoxicity risk assessment of medical devices and suggests possible approaches to address them taking into consideration the recent advances in genotoxicity testing including their potential uses in biocompatibility assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirukalikundram S Kumaravel
- GLR Laboratories (Europe) Pvt. Ltd., Sharnbrook, MK44 1LZ, United Kingdom; GLR Laboratories Pvt Ltd, Chennai, 600068, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sivasubramanian Murugan
- GLR Laboratories (Europe) Pvt. Ltd., Sharnbrook, MK44 1LZ, United Kingdom; GLR Laboratories Pvt Ltd, Chennai, 600068, India
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
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14
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Kovač V, Bergant M, Ščančar J, Primožič J, Jamnik P, Poljšak B. Causation of Oxidative Stress and Defense Response of a Yeast Cell Model after Treatment with Orthodontic Alloys Consisting of Metal Ions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010063. [PMID: 35052565 PMCID: PMC8772795 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Misaligned teeth have a tremendous impact on oral and dental health, and the most efficient method of correcting the problem is orthodontic treatment with orthodontic appliances. The study was conducted to investigate the metal composition of selected orthodontic alloys, the release of metal ions, and the oxidative consequences that the metal ions may cause in the cell. Different sets of archwires, stainless steel brackets, and molar bands were incubated in artificial saliva for 90 days. The composition of each orthodontic material and quantification of the concentration of metal ions released were evaluated. Metal ion mixtures were prepared to determine the occurrence of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme defense system, and oxidative damage to proteins. The beta titanium alloy released the fewest metal ions and did not cause oxidative stress or protein damage. The metal ions from stainless steel and the cobalt-chromium alloy can cause oxidative stress and protein damage only at high concentrations. All metal ions from orthodontic alloys alter the activity of antioxidant enzymes in some way. The determined amounts of metal ions released from orthodontic appliances in a simulated oral environment are still below the maximum tolerated dose, and the concentrations of released metal ions are not capable of inducing oxidative stress, although some changes in antioxidant enzyme activity were observed at these concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Kovač
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Matic Bergant
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.B.); (J.Š.)
| | - Janez Ščančar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.B.); (J.Š.)
| | - Jasmina Primožič
- Department of Dental and Jaw Orthopedics, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski trg 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Polona Jamnik
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Borut Poljšak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence:
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15
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Wu M, Cao H, Lu G, Hu BX, Cheng Z, Mo C, Wu J, Wu J. Effects of nanometer alumina and humic acid on the retention and transport of hexavalent chromium in porous media. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:113005. [PMID: 34839141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Column experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of ion type, ion strength, humic acid (HA), and nanometer alumina (NA) particles on the transport of hexavalent chromium (HC) in saturated porous media. A one-dimensional model is developed to simulate the migration of HC affected by NA particles. The results show that nano-alumina particles would enhance the mobility of HC in saturated porous media. However, the influence of NA on the migration of HC in porous media is complex. When the concentration of NA reaches 30 mg/L, HC has minimum retention parameter and best mobility. The transport of HC also is affected by ion strength and ion type. Higher ionic strength would decrease the retention of HC and enhance its mobility. Compared with sodium ion, calcium ion has larger effects on the transport of HC. Moreover, HA can improve the mobility of HC in saturated porous media, but the corresponding promoting effect decreases with the increase of HA concentration. As nanometer contaminants and HC come into the subsurface environment, findings from this study elucidate the key factors and processes controlling the transport of HC in porous media, which can promote the prediction and assessment of HC in the groundwater system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huihui Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guoping Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bill X Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Zhou Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, China.
| | - Cehui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jichun Wu
- Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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16
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Amaku JF, Ogundare SA, Akpomie KG, Conradie J. Enhanced sequestration of Cr(VI) onto plant extract anchored on carbon-coated aluminium oxide composite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57723-57738. [PMID: 34091835 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium oxide (ALU) and carbon-coated aluminium oxide modified with Kigelia africana leaf extract (KECA) were employed for the removal of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from the aqueous phase. The adsorbents (ALU and KECA) were characterized by TGA, BET, FESEM, FTIR, Raman and XRD spectroscopic techniques. The potential of KECA and ALU to remove Cr(VI) from simulated wastewater was optimum at pH 2, sorbent dose of 0.025 g and a contact time of 200 min. Meanwhile, the uptake capacity of KECA and ALU was enhanced with an increase in sorbent dose, contact time and initial Cr(VI) concentration. The uptake of Cr(VI) onto the adsorbents ALU and KECA was kinetically best described by the pseudo-second-order and Elovich models, respectively. Besides, the equilibrium data acquired for ALU and KECA obeyed Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models, respectively. ALU and KECA were observed to have optimum adsorption capacity of 56.45 mg g-1 and 258.2 mg g-1, respectively. The adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the adsorbents was thermodynamically feasible, endothermic in nature and entropy-driven. A decrease in efficiency was observed on regeneration of the absorbents, thus limiting their reusability. However, the presence of functional groups with reducing property in the extract of Kigelia africana leaves was noticed to enhance the capacity of the adsorbent to abstract Cr(VI) from the solution. Hence, this study demonstrates the potential of KECA to sequestrate Cr(VI) from an aqueous solution and provides a reference for its application to the treatment of Cr(VI)-laden industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Friday Amaku
- Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.
| | - Segun A Ogundare
- Chemical Sciences Department, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, P. M. B. 2002, Nigeria
| | - Kovo G Akpomie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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17
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den Braver-Sewradj SP, van Benthem J, Staal YCM, Ezendam J, Piersma AH, Hessel EVS. Occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium. Part II. Hazard assessment of carcinogenic effects. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 126:105045. [PMID: 34506880 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds have been studied extensively and several agencies have described their toxicological profile. In the past, personnel of the Dutch Ministry of Defence may have been exposed to Cr(VI) during maintenance activities on NATO equipment. To investigate if this exposure may have caused irreversible adverse health effects, the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) summarized all available knowledge from previous evaluations. This information was complemented with a scoping review to retrieve new scientific literature. All scientific evidence was evaluated in workshops with external experts to come to an overview of irreversible adverse health effects that could be caused by occupational exposure to Cr(VI) compounds. This review provides the hazard assessment for occupational exposure to Cr(VI) and carcinogenic effects by integrating and weighting evidence provided by international agencies complemented with newly published studies. It was concluded that occupational exposure to Cr(VI) can cause lung cancer, nose and nasal sinus cancer in humans. Cr(VI) is suspected to cause stomach cancer and laryngeal cancer in humans. It is currently insufficiently clear if Cr(VI) can cause cancer of the small intestine, oral cavity, pancreas, prostate or bladder in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan van Benthem
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne C M Staal
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Janine Ezendam
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen V S Hessel
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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18
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Matsena MT, Chirwa EMN. Comparative analysis of biological versus chemical synthesis of palladium nanoparticles for catalysis of chromium (VI) reduction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16674. [PMID: 34404829 PMCID: PMC8371006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The discharge of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] from several anthropogenic activities leads to environmental pollution. In this study, we explore a simple yet cost effective method for the synthesis of palladium (Pd) nanoparticles for the treatment of Cr(VI). The presence of elemental Pd [Pd(0)] was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). We show here that the biologically synthesized nanoparticles (Bio-PdNPs) exhibit improved catalytic reduction of Cr(VI) due to their size being smaller and also being highly dispersed as compared to chemically synthesized nanoparticles (Chem-PdNPs). The Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism was successfully used to model the kinetics. Using this model, the Bio-PdNPs were shown to perform better than Chem-PdNPs due to the rate constant (kbio = 6.37 mmol s−1 m−2) and Cr(VI) adsorption constant (KCr(VI),bio = 3.11 × 10−2 L mmol−1) of Bio-PdNPs being higher than the rate constant (kchem = 3.83 mmol s−1 m−2) and Cr(VI) adsorption constant (KCr(VI),chem = 1.14 × 10−2 L mmol−1) of Chem-PdNPs. In addition, product inhibition by trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] was high in Chem-PdNPs as indicated by the high adsorption constant of Cr(III) in Chem-PdNPs of KCr(III),chem = 52.9 L mmol−1 as compared to the one for Bio-PdNPs of KCr(III),bio = 2.76 L mmol−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpumelelo T Matsena
- Water Utilisation and Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
| | - Evans M N Chirwa
- Water Utilisation and Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
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19
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Hernández-Peña CC, Lares-Villa F, Santos-Villalobos SDEL, Estrada-Alvarado MI, Cruz-Soto A, Flores-Tavizón E, Soto-Padilla MY. Reduction in concentration of chromium (VI) by Lysinibacillus macroides isolated from sediments of the Chapala Lake, Mexico. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20190144. [PMID: 33852669 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120190144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chapala Lake is one of the most polluted lakes in Mexico, due to the in flow of effluents from several industrial plants, the lake accumulates pollutants such as chromium(VI) which is considered important for aquatic ecosystem. This study aimed was to evaluate the ability to decrease the concentration of chromium (VI) by Lysinibacillus macroides 2(1B)104A, isolated from sediments of the Chapala Lake. The strain was identified through 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results showed that this strain grows in concentrations of 50, 100, 200 and 300 mgL-1 Cr(VI), in pH ranging 6 to 7, showing 79.508% reduction in concentration 50 mgL-1, determining that the reduction occurs extracellularly. Likewise, it was observed that Lysinibacillus macroides reduced the concentration of Cr(IV) in the broth, it was not observed that the bacteria could sequester Cr(VI) in the membrane or intracellularly. However, it reduced the concentration of Cr(VI) in the broth. Lysinibacillus macroides 2(1B)104A isolate showed having the ability that decrease the concentration of Cr(VI), which makes it a viable options for bioremediation of water polluted with this metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C Hernández-Peña
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias con Especialidad en Biotecnología, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, 5 de Febrero No. 818 sur, Colonia Centro, C.P. 85000, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico.,Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Anillo Envolvente y Estocolmo, s/n, Zona Pronaf, C.P. 32300, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Fernando Lares-Villa
- Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, 5 de Febrero No. 818 sur, Colonia Centro, C.P. 85000, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Sergio DE Los Santos-Villalobos
- CONACYT- Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y Medio Ambiente, 5 de Febrero No. 818 sur, Colonia Centro, C.P. 85000, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
| | - María Isabel Estrada-Alvarado
- Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, 5 de Febrero No. 818 sur, Colonia Centro, C.P. 85000, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Cruz-Soto
- Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez/UACJ, Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Avenida del Charro 450 norte, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, C.P. 32310, Mexico
| | - Edith Flores-Tavizón
- Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez/UACJ, Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Avenida del Charro 450 norte, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, C.P. 32310, Mexico
| | - Marisela Y Soto-Padilla
- Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez/UACJ, Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Avenida del Charro 450 norte, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, C.P. 32310, Mexico
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20
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Suljević D, Sulejmanović J, Fočak M, Halilović E, Pupalović D, Hasić A, Alijagic A. Assessing hexavalent chromium tissue-specific accumulation patterns and induced physiological responses to probe chromium toxicity in Coturnix japonica quail. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:129005. [PMID: 33279236 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is an environmental pollutant with vast mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. Various past and recent studies confirm the deleterious effects of Cr(VI) in different models, from invertebrates to mammalians. However, there is a lack of studies that comprehensively assess and correlate Cr(VI) accumulation patterns and the resulting physiological responses. Here we used an attractive toxicological model, male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), as an alternative probing system to evaluate Cr(VI) accumulation in the vital organs, including the brain, heart, kidneys, liver, and testes after 20 days of exposure to 1.2 μg/mL and 2.4 μg/mL potassium dichromate-K2Cr2O7 ingested in the form of drinking water. The observed effects were correlated with the shift in immune system readiness, hematological indices, serum biochemistry and enzyme activity. Regardless of the exposure dose, the Cr(VI) distribution and accumulation pattern in terms of relative Cr(VI) concentration in tissues was: testes > kidneys > liver > heart > brain. Moreover, Cr(VI) triggered the development of microcytic and hypochromic anemia and reduced the immune system's readiness to cope with challenges. Besides, serum biochemistry presented significant shifts, including reduction of serum electrolytes and proteins and an increase in creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Our study provides novel toxicological data that can be translated to higher animal models to help in the extrapolation of Cr(VI) toxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Suljević
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jasmina Sulejmanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Muhamed Fočak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Erna Halilović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Džemila Pupalović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Azra Hasić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Andi Alijagic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Kazi TG, Baloch S, Baig JA, Afridi HI, Arain MB. Evaluate the adverse impact of metal oxide on workers of different age groups that engage with gas metal arc welding process: health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:8652-8661. [PMID: 33064279 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Immense epidemiological studies have been indicated about adverse effects of the welding fumes on the health of the welders, especially respiratory problems and other physiological disorders. The different types of welding mechanisms produce aerosols/fumes that contain different metals including chromium (Cr) and manganese (Mn). In the present study, the welders of two age groups (adolescents and adults) were selected; simultaneously the age-matched adolescents and adults belong to nonindustrial area as referents/control subjects. Biological samples (scalp hair) were collected from welders and referents, along with analyzed for Cr and Mn by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer, prior to acid digestion. To evaluate the occupational exposure on the health of the workers, the clinical features and biochemical parameters of selected population (exposed and non-exposed age-matched groups) were also carried out. The resulted data indicated that the concentrations of Mn and Cr were significantly higher in scalp hair samples of welders as compared to referent subjects (p < 0.01), verifying the absorption/exposure of both metals produced in welding fumes. The high prevalence of anemia and stomach disorder was observed in adolescent than adult welding workers. The incidence of asthma and related symptoms was elevated in adult welders than in younger boys. The neurological problems were particularly observed in aged welders > 50 years, might be due to long time exposure of welding fumes contains different toxicant especially Mn in ill ventilation system of workshops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Shahnawaz Baloch
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Jameel Ahmed Baig
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Balal Arain
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
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Matsena MT, Tichapondwa SM, Chirwa EM. Improved chromium (VI) reduction performance by bacteria in a biogenic palladium nanoparticle enhanced microbial fuel cell. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is a common element in the Earth’s crust. It may exist in different oxidation states, Cr(0), Cr(III) and Cr(VI), with Cr(III) and Cr(VI) being relatively stable and largely predominant. Chromium’s peculiarity is that its behavior relies on its valence state. Cr(III) is a trace element in humans and plays a major role in glucose and fat metabolism. The beneficial effects of Cr(III) in obesity and types 2 diabetes are known. It has been long considered an essential element, but now it has been reclassified as a nutritional supplement. On the other hand, Cr(VI) is a human carcinogen and exposure to it occurs both in occupational and environmental contexts. It induces also epigenetic effects on DNA, histone tails and microRNA; its toxicity seems to be related to its higher mobility in soil and swifter penetration through cell membranes than Cr(III). The microorganisms Acinetobacter sp. Cr1 and Pseudomonas sp. Cr13 have been suggested as a promising agent for bioremediation of Cr(VI). This review intends to underline the important role of Cr(III) for human health and the dangerousness of Cr(VI) as a toxic element. The dual and opposing roles of this metal make it particularly interesting. An overview of the recent literature is reported in support.
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Mahringer D, Zerelli SS, Dippon U, Ruhl AS. Pilot scale hexavalent chromium removal with reduction, coagulation, filtration and biological iron oxidation. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tumolo M, Ancona V, De Paola D, Losacco D, Campanale C, Massarelli C, Uricchio VF. Chromium Pollution in European Water, Sources, Health Risk, and Remediation Strategies: An Overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5438. [PMID: 32731582 PMCID: PMC7432837 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chromium is a potentially toxic metal occurring in water and groundwater as a result of natural and anthropogenic sources. Microbial interaction with mafic and ultramafic rocks together with geogenic processes release Cr (VI) in natural environment by chromite oxidation. Moreover, Cr (VI) pollution is largely related to several Cr (VI) industrial applications in the field of energy production, manufacturing of metals and chemicals, and subsequent waste and wastewater management. Chromium discharge in European Union (EU) waters is subjected to nationwide recommendations, which vary depending on the type of industry and receiving water body. Once in water, chromium mainly occurs in two oxidation states Cr (III) and Cr (VI) and related ion forms depending on pH values, redox potential, and presence of natural reducing agents. Public concerns with chromium are primarily related to hexavalent compounds owing to their toxic effects on humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms. Risks for human health range from skin irritation to DNA damages and cancer development, depending on dose, exposure level, and duration. Remediation strategies commonly used for Cr (VI) removal include physico-chemical and biological methods. This work critically presents their advantages and disadvantages, suggesting a site-specific and accurate evaluation for choosing the best available recovering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tumolo
- Water Research, Institute-Italian National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 70132 Bari, Italy; (M.T.); (D.L.); (C.C.); (C.M.); (V.F.U.)
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Ancona
- Water Research, Institute-Italian National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 70132 Bari, Italy; (M.T.); (D.L.); (C.C.); (C.M.); (V.F.U.)
| | - Domenico De Paola
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Italian National Research Council (IBBR-CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Daniela Losacco
- Water Research, Institute-Italian National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 70132 Bari, Italy; (M.T.); (D.L.); (C.C.); (C.M.); (V.F.U.)
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Campanale
- Water Research, Institute-Italian National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 70132 Bari, Italy; (M.T.); (D.L.); (C.C.); (C.M.); (V.F.U.)
| | - Carmine Massarelli
- Water Research, Institute-Italian National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 70132 Bari, Italy; (M.T.); (D.L.); (C.C.); (C.M.); (V.F.U.)
| | - Vito Felice Uricchio
- Water Research, Institute-Italian National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 70132 Bari, Italy; (M.T.); (D.L.); (C.C.); (C.M.); (V.F.U.)
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Boşgelmez Iİ, Güvendik G. Beneficial Effects of N-Acetyl-L-cysteine or Taurine Pre- or Post-treatments in the Heart, Spleen, Lung, and Testis of Hexavalent Chromium-Exposed Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 190:437-445. [PMID: 30417263 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium[Cr(VI)] compounds may induce toxic effects, possibly via reactive intermediates and radicals formed during Cr(VI) reduction. In this study, we probed the possible effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and taurine pre- or post-treatments on Cr(VI)-induced changes in lipid peroxidation and nonprotein thiols (NPSH) in mice heart, lung, spleen, and testis tissues. The mice were randomly assigned to six groups, consisting of control, Cr(VI)-exposed (20 mg Cr/kg, intraperitoneal ,ip), NAC (200 mg/kg, ip) as pre-treatment and post-treatment, and taurine (1 g/kg, ip) pre-treatment and post-treatment groups. Lipid peroxidation and NPSH levels were determined and the results were compared with regard to tissue- and antioxidant-specific basis. Exposure to Cr(VI) significantly increased lipid peroxidation in all tissues as compared to the control (p < 0.05); and consistent with this data, NPSH levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Notably, administration of NAC and taurine, either before or after Cr(VI) exposure, was able to ameliorate the lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05) in all tissues. In the case of NPSH content, while the decline could be alleviated by both NAC and taurine pre- and post-treatments in the spleen, diverging results were obtained in other tissues. The effects of Cr(VI) on the lung thiols were abolished by pre-treatment with NAC and taurine; however, post-treatments could not exert significant effect. While thiol depletion in the heart was totally replenished by NAC and taurine administrations, NAC pre-treatment was partially more effective than post-treatment. In contrast with lipid peroxidation data, NAC treatment could not provide a statistically significant beneficial effect on NPSH content of the testis, whereas the effect in this tissue by taurine was profound. Thus, these data highlight the importance of tissue-specific factors and the critical role of administration time. Overall, our data suggest that NAC and taurine may have potential in prevention of Cr(VI)-induced toxicity in the heart, lung, spleen, and testis tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- I İpek Boşgelmez
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Gülin Güvendik
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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Rahman Z, Singh VP. The relative impact of toxic heavy metals (THMs) (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr)(VI), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb)) on the total environment: an overview. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:419. [PMID: 31177337 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Certain five heavy metals viz. arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr)(VI), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) are non-threshold toxins and can exert toxic effects at very low concentrations. These heavy metals are known as most problematic heavy metals and as toxic heavy metals (THMs). Several industrial activities and some natural processes are responsible for their high contamination in the environment. In recent years, high concentrations of heavy metals in different natural systems including atmosphere, pedosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere have become a global issue. These THMs have severe deteriorating effects on various microorganisms, plants, and animals. Human exposure to the THMs may evoke serious health injuries and impairments in the body, and even certain extremities can cause death. In all these perspectives, this review provides a comprehensive account of the relative impact of the THMs As, Cd, Cr(VI), Hg, and Pb on our total environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshanur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110002, India.
| | - Ved Pal Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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28
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Nduka JK, Kelle HI, Amuka JO. Health risk assessment of cadmium, chromium and nickel from car paint dust from used automobiles at auto-panel workshops in Nigeria. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:449-456. [PMID: 31193556 PMCID: PMC6536459 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fairly used vehicular importation into Nigeria is reputed to be the highest in Africa. Most modern cars/vehicles are fitted with some electronic, electrical devices and mechanical components that contain heavy metals. Due to prevailing economic hardship and the fact that new vehicles are out of reach of average Nigerians, the vehicles are taken to the automobile workshops for total overhaul and refurbishing. Metal values of soil from all the workshops were higher than that of paint dust matrix, this can be attributed to the fact that as vehicles are repaired and taken away, more are brought into the workshops for repair. For cadmium and chromium, children are marginally at risk of cancer than adult through ingestion, while dermal contact does not pose any serious threat.
Nigeria’s economic problems which inhibited local production has resulted in massive importation of used automobiles. Most of these automobiles need some repairs and reworking, having outlived their lifespan in the manufacturer’s country. This study centers on the human carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of cadmium, chromium and nickel exposures from reworking of imported used vehicles. Scraped car paint dusts from 56 Japanese made cars were collected from 8 different panel beating (body works) workshops (A–H) in Southeastern Nigeria. They were homogenized, mixed, divided into fine particles, filtered and digested by standard method. The filtrates were assayed for cadmium, chromium and nickel with atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS, 200A), workshops F and D have the highest concentration (mg/kg) of Cd (3.58 ± 0.02) and (3.36 ± 0.04) and higher than levels in workshops A, B, C, E, G and H. Chromium (mg/kg) in workshops F and G were (2.87 ± 0.04) and (2.95 ± 0.06) and higher than the other workshops. Nickel in workshop A (3.84 ± 0.04) is close to other workshop values. The highest hazard quotients for adults were cadmium in workshops B (1.37E-01), D (1.69E-01), E (1.79E-01) (inhalation), chromium [workshops G (5.45E-02), F (5.29E-02) and C (5.24E-02) inhalation]. Nickel -workshop A (5.9E-03) for children (inhalation). HQ in children through ingestion is cadmium (3.72E-04) workshop F and ingestion- 3.21E-01(workshop F) while nickel is 1.06E-02 (workshop A).The highest cancer risks were in exponents -4,-7 and -8 (adult) and -3, -6 and -9 (children) for workshops A–H through inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact, exposures to scrap car paint dust may be of significant public health importance in Nigeria as it can add to body burden of some carcinogenic heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kanayochukwu Nduka
- Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Research Unit, Pure and Industrial Chemistry Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Henrietta Ijeoma Kelle
- Department of Pure and Applied Science, Faculty of Sciences National Open University, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Johnpaul Onyenezi Amuka
- Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Research Unit, Pure and Industrial Chemistry Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
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Suh M, Wikoff D, Lipworth L, Goodman M, Fitch S, Mittal L, Ring C, Proctor D. Hexavalent chromium and stomach cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:140-159. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1578730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Suh
- ToxStrategies, Inc, Mission Viejo, CA, USA
| | | | - Loren Lipworth
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Goodman
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
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30
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Long C, Liu J, Hu G, Feng H, Zhou D, Wang J, Zhai X, Zhao Z, Yu S, Wang T, Jia G. Modulation of homologous recombination repair gene polymorphisms on genetic damage in chromate exposed workers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 66:126-132. [PMID: 30677706 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is one of the most common environmental carcinogens, which is associated with DNA damage, genetic instability and increase the risk of cancer development. However, the mechanisms of genetic damage induced by Cr(VI) remains to be thoroughly illustrated. A molecular epidemiological study was conducted on 120 chromate exposed workers and 97 controls. Results indicated that,the rs12432907 of XRCC3 carrying T allele, the rs144848 of BRCA2 with C allele and the rs1805800 of NBS1 with genotype(TT) of individuals were associated with lower genetic damage, while the rs2295152 of XRCC3 carrying T allele, the rs13312986 (CC and CT genotypes) and the rs2697679 of NBS1 with A allele were associated with higher genetic damage in workers exposed to chromate. The interaction of chromate exposure with rs2295152 of XRCC3 had a significant effect on micronuclei frequency (MNF). The gene polymorphisms in homologous recombination repair pathway could modulate chromate-induced genetic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmao Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Department of Medical Record, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Guiping Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Huimin Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Yima Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, 472300, PR China
| | - Xinxia Zhai
- Yima Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, 472300, PR China
| | - Zuchang Zhao
- Sanmenxia Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sanmenxia, Henan Province, 472000, PR China
| | - Shanfa Yu
- Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450052, PR China
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
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Zhang P, Huang Z, Ma Y, Li Y, Ali N, Li Q, Chen D. On-line detection of radioactive and non-radioactive heavy metals in tobacco smoke using portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Analyst 2019; 144:3567-3572. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00050j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (PLIBS) device is proposed for on-line detection of radioactive and non-radioactive heavy metals in tobacco smoke with ultra-high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Zhixuan Huang
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Yiwen Ma
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Naqash Ali
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Qifeng Li
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Da Chen
- Center for Aircraft Fire and Emergency
- Civil Aviation University of China
- Tianjin 300300
- China
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Zhang C, Cai K, Feng Q, Xu Y, Zhang Z. Chromium(VI) promotes cell migration through targeting epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer. Toxicol Lett 2018; 300:10-17. [PMID: 30315950 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is widely used in industry, making its toxicity a matter of concern. Although hexavalent Cr [Cr(VI)] can promote cancer cell proliferation in several cancers, there is little evidence implicating Cr(VI) in cancer cell migration, especially in prostate cancer. We show that the Cr concentration is higher in the serum of prostate cancer patients, and is closely associated with unfavorable outcomes for the patients. Additionally, low dose trivalent Cr [Cr(III)] exposure has no obvious carcinogenic effects in prostate cancer. However, Cr(VI) can promote proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cell line PC3 cells in vitro and in vivo. In seeking the molecular mechanism of Cr(VI) exposure on cancer progression, we found that Cr(VI) could down-regulate the epithelial protein marker, E-cadherin, and up-regulate mesenchymal protein markers, such as N-cadherin and Snail. Together, these data indicate that Cr(VI) is a newly verified carcinogen in prostate cancer, and can promote cell migration by affecting the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) pathway. Thus, inhibition of Cr(VI)-EMT signaling is a prospective approach toward limiting prostate tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwen Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, China
| | - Keke Cai
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, China
| | - Qijin Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, China.
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, China.
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Role of LKB1 in migration and invasion of Cr(VI)-transformed human bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells. Anticancer Drugs 2018; 29:660-673. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Meza-Figueroa D, González-Grijalva B, Romero F, Ruiz J, Pedroza-Montero M, Rivero CID, Acosta-Elías M, Ochoa-Landin L, Navarro-Espinoza S. Source apportionment and environmental fate of lead chromates in atmospheric dust in arid environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 630:1596-1607. [PMID: 29554776 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The environmental fate of lead derived from traffic paint has been poorly studied in developing countries, mainly in arid zones. For this purpose, a developing city located in the Sonoran desert (Hermosillo, Mexico), was chosen to conduct a study. In this paper the lead chromate (crocoite) sources in atmospheric dust were addressed using a combination of Raman microspectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Pb isotope measurements. A high concentration of Pb and Cr as micro- and nanostructured pigments of crocoite is reported in yellow traffic paint (n=80), road dust (n=146), settled dust in roofs (n=21), and atmospheric dust (n=20) from a developing city located in the Sonoran Desert. 10 samples of peri-urban soils were collected for local geochemical background. The paint photodegradation and erosion of the asphaltic cover are enhanced by the climate, and the presence of the mineral crocoite (PbCrO4) in road dust with an aerodynamic diameter ranging from 100nm to 2μm suggests its integration into the atmosphere by wind resuspension processes. A positive PbCr correlation (R2=0.977) was found for all studied samples, suggesting a common source. The Pb-isotope data show signatures in atmospheric dust as a product of the mixing of two end members: i) local soils and ii) crocoite crystals as pigments in paint. The presence of lead chromates in atmospheric dust has not been previously documented in Latin America, and it represents an unknown health risk to the exposed population because the identified size of crystals can reach the deepest part of lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Meza-Figueroa
- Department of Geology. University of Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico; Department of Geology. Graduate Program, Rosales y Encinas, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico.
| | - Belem González-Grijalva
- Earth Sciences Graduate Program. Institute of Geology, National University of Mexico. Colosio y Madrid, Hermosillo, Sonora 83240, Mexico
| | - Francisco Romero
- Institute of Geology. National University of Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; Department of Geology. Graduate Program, Rosales y Encinas, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico
| | - Joaquin Ruiz
- Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona, 1040 E. 4thSt, Gould-Simpson Building 77, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Martín Pedroza-Montero
- Department of Physics Research, University of Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico
| | | | - Mónica Acosta-Elías
- Department of Physics Research, University of Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico
| | - Lucas Ochoa-Landin
- Department of Geology. University of Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico; Laboratorio Nacional de Geoquímica y Mineralogía-LANGEM, Mexico
| | - Sofía Navarro-Espinoza
- Department of Geology. Graduate Program, Rosales y Encinas, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico
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Moffat I, Martinova N, Seidel C, Thompson CM. Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/awwa.1044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Moffat
- Water and Air Quality Bureau; Health Canada; Ottawa Ont. Canada
| | - Nadia Martinova
- Water and Air Quality Bureau; Health Canada; Ottawa Ont. Canada
| | - Chad Seidel
- Corona Environmental Consulting; Louisville Colo
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More AG, Gupta SK. Predictive modelling of chromium removal using multiple linear and nonlinear regression with special emphasis on operating parameters of bioelectrochemical reactor. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:205-212. [PMID: 29580784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical system (BES) is a novel, self-sustaining metal removal technology functioning on the utilization of chemical energy of organic matter with the help of microorganisms. Experimental trials of two chambered BES reactor were conducted with varying substrate concentration using sodium acetate (500 mg/L to 2000 mg/L COD) and different initial chromium concentration (Cri) (10-100 mg/L) at different cathode pH (pH 1-7). In the current study mathematical models based on multiple linear regression (MLR) and non-linear regression (NLR) approach were developed using laboratory experimental data for determining chromium removal efficiency (CRE) in the cathode chamber of BES. Substrate concentration, rate of substrate consumption, Cri, pH, temperature and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were the operating process parameters of the reactor considered for development of the proposed models. MLR showed a better correlation coefficient (0.972) as compared to NLR (0.952). Validation of the models using t-test analysis revealed unbiasedness of both the models, with t critical value (2.04) greater than t-calculated values for MLR (-0.708) and NLR (-0.86). The root-mean-square error (RMSE) for MLR and NLR were 5.06 % and 7.45 %, respectively. Comparison between both models suggested MLR to be best suited model for predicting the chromium removal behavior using the BES technology to specify a set of operating conditions for BES. Modelling the behavior of CRE will be helpful for scale up of BES technology at industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Govind More
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India.
| | - Sunil Kumar Gupta
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India.
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Calderilla C, Maya F, Cerdà V, Leal LO. 3D printed device for the automated preconcentration and determination of chromium (VI). Talanta 2018; 184:15-22. [PMID: 29674027 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A 3D printed device for the fully automated disk-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) of Cr (VI) from water samples has been fabricated. The compatibility of the use of organic solvents for analyte elution with 3D printed flow devices based on polymers fabricated using stereolithography has been evaluated. The developed methodology comprises the complexation of Cr (VI) with 1, 5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC) in acidic medium and the subsequent retention of the complex in a SBD-RPS disk contained within the 3D printed device. A multisyringe flow injection analysis system with online spectrophotometric detection has been used for the automation of the method. The fabricated 3D printed device integrates the different components of the flow analysis manifold, including connectors and mixers, being a powerful approach towards the reproducible construction of highly integrated flow-based manifolds. The extracted Cr (VI)-DPC complex is eluted with a mixture of methanol- sulfuric acid and quantified at 540 nm. The effect on the analytical signal and the optimization of variables were evaluated using multivariate and univariate techniques. A detection limit of 1 ng Cr (VI) and a linear working range of 3.2-600 ng Cr (VI) were obtained using a sample volume of 2 ml. The intra-day and inter-day RSDs were 4.8% (10 µg L-1, n = 12) and 3.4% (n = 5, different day with a different disk), respectively. The applicability of the fabricated 3D printed device has been proved by the determination of Cr (VI) in groundwater, surface water and leachates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Calderilla
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry-LQA2, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra.Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Environment and Energy Department, Advanced Materials Research Center, Miguel de Cervantes 120, 31136 Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Fernando Maya
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry-LQA2, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra.Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Víctor Cerdà
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry-LQA2, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra.Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Luz O Leal
- Environment and Energy Department, Advanced Materials Research Center, Miguel de Cervantes 120, 31136 Chihuahua, Mexico
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Nirola R, Megharaj M, Subramanian A, Thavamani P, Ramadass K, Aryal R, Saint C. Analysis of chromium status in the revegetated flora of a tannery waste site and microcosm studies using earthworm E. fetida. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:5063-5070. [PMID: 29101692 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromium from tannery waste dump site causes significant environmental pollution affecting surrounding flora and fauna. The primary aims of this study were to survey vegetation, investigate the degree of soil pollution occurring near tannery waste dump site and make a systematic evaluation of soil contamination based on the chromium levels found in plants and earthworms from the impacted areas. This paper presents the pollution load of toxic heavy metals, and especially chromium, in 10 soil samples and 12 species of plants. Soil samples were analysed for heavy metals by using ICP-MS/ICP-OES method. Results indicated that Cr in soils exceeded soil quality guideline limits (SQGL). The total chromium present in the above ground parts of plants ranged from 1.7 mg kg-1 in Casuarina sp. to 1007 mg kg-1 in Sonchus asper. The Cr bioaccumulation in Eisenia fetida from tannery waste soil ranged from 5 to 194 mg kg-1. The high enrichment factor of Cr in S. asper and bioaccumulation factor in earthworms indicate that there is a steady increase of toxic chromium risk in this area, which could be correlated with the past dumping activity. Emphasis needs to be put on control measures of pollution and remediation techniques in such areas to achieve an ecologically sustainable industrialisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Nirola
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and the Environment, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia.
- Future Industries Institute, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and the Environment, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia.
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Avudainayagam Subramanian
- Department of Environmental Science, Agriculture College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palanisami Thavamani
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Kavitha Ramadass
- Future Industries Institute, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and the Environment, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Rupak Aryal
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and the Environment, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Christopher Saint
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and the Environment, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
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Wang W. Chromium (Ⅵ) removal from aqueous solutions through powdered activated carbon countercurrent two-stage adsorption. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 190:97-102. [PMID: 28985541 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To exploit the adsorption capacity of commercial powdered activated carbon (PAC) and to improve the efficiency of Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions, the adsorption of Cr(VI) by commercial PAC and the countercurrent two-stage adsorption (CTA) process was investigated. Different adsorption kinetics models and isotherms were compared, and the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir and Freundlich models fit the experimental data well. The Cr(VI) removal efficiency was >80% and was improved by 37% through the CTA process compared with the conventional single-stage adsorption process when the initial Cr(VI) concentration was 50 mg/L with a PAC dose of 1.250 g/L and a pH of 3. A calculation method for calculating the effluent Cr(VI) concentration and the PAC dose was developed for the CTA process, and the validity of the method was confirmed by a deviation of <5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China.
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Zhang X, Tong J, Hu BX, Wei W. Adsorption and desorption for dynamics transport of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in soil column. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:459-468. [PMID: 29043590 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Batch experiments have been carried out to study the adsorption of heavy metals in soils, and the migration and transformation of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in the soil of a vegetable base were studied by dynamic adsorption and desorption soil column experiments. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of initial concentration and pH value on the adsorption process of Cr(VI). Breakthrough curve were used to evaluate the capacity of Cr(VI) adsorption in soil columns. The results show that the higher the initial concentration, the worse the adsorption capacity of Cr(VI). The adsorption of Cr(VI) was strongly sensitive to pH value. The capacity of Cr(VI) adsorption is maximized at very low pH value. This may be due to changes in pH that cause a series of complex reactions in Cr(VI). In a strongly acidic environment, the reaction of Cr(VI) with hydrogen ions is accompanied by the formation of Cr3+, which reacts with the soil free iron-aluminum oxide to produce hydroxide in the soil. The results of the desorption experiments indicate that Cr(VI) is more likely to leach from this soil, but if the eluent is a strong acid solution, the leaching process will be slow and persistent. During the experiment, the pH value of the effluent was in the range of 7-8.5, which tends to the original pH value of the soil. It is indicating that the soil has a strong buffer on the acid liquid. The program CXTFIT was used to fit the breakthrough curve to estimate parameters. The results of the calculation of the dispersion coefficient (D) can be obtained by this program. The two-site model fit the breakthrough curve data of Cr(VI) well, and the parameters calculated by the CXTFIT can be used to explain the behavior of Cr(VI) migration and transformation in soil columns. When pH = 2, the retardation factor (R) reach at 79.71 while the value of the R is generally around 10 in other experiments. The partitioning coefficient β shows that more than half of the adsorption sites are instantaneous in this adsorption process and non-equilibrium affects the Cr(VI) transport process in this soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Juxiu Tong
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bill X Hu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuo Wei
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
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Thompson CM, Suh M, Proctor DM, Haws LC, Harris MA. Ten factors for considering the mode of action of Cr(VI)-induced gastrointestinal tumors in rodents. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 823:45-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Son YO, Pratheeshkumar P, Wang Y, Kim D, Zhang Z, Shi X. Protection from Cr(VI)-induced malignant cell transformation and tumorigenesis of Cr(VI)-transformed cells by luteolin through Nrf2 signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 331:24-32. [PMID: 28416455 PMCID: PMC5568479 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cr(VI) is a well known environmental carcinogen, but its mechanism of action and the measures required to mitigate its effects remain to be investigated. Our previous studies showed that exposure of human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells to Cr(VI) caused malignant transformation, that these transformed cells progressed through tumorigenesis, and that luteolin, a natural compound, inhibited both of these processes. The present study investigates the underlying mechanisms by which luteolin protects cells against Cr(VI)-induced transformation and tumorigenesis. The present study shows that luteolin activates inducible Nrf2 to inhibit Cr(VI)-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in normal BEAS-2B cells. The decreased ROS level is likely responsible for the protective effect of luteolin against Cr(VI)-induced malignant cell transformation in normal cells. By contrast, in cells that have been transformed by Cr(VI), Nrf2 is constitutively activated, and its target proteins, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and superoxide dismutase 1/2 (SOD1/SOD2) are all constitutively activated, and ROS levels are low. Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein and target protein of Nrf2 is elevated. Cr(VI)-transformed BEAS-2B cells develop apoptosis resistance, increasing the survival of these transformed cells. Luteolin decreases interactions between Nrf2 and the antioxidant response element sites of its target anti-apoptotic and antioxidant proteins, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and HO-1, which results in decreased constitutive Nrf2 activation. The decreased constitutive Nrf2 activation, decrease in Nrf2 target proteins and consequent apoptosis resistance by luteolin are possible mechanisms that mediate the protective effect of luteolin in Cr(VI)-transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yuting Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Donghern Kim
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Eom SY, Cho EB, Oh MK, Kweon SS, Nam HS, Kim YD, Kim H. Increased incidence of respiratory tract cancers in people living near Portland cement plants in Korea. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2017; 90:859-864. [PMID: 28707127 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-017-1244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Portland cement contains carcinogens such as chromium and free silica, and hence, inhalation of cement dust can cause respiratory tract cancers. The purpose of this study was to determine whether living near a cement plant increases the risk of respiratory tract cancers. METHODS The study population consisted of 341,793 people, all of whom lived in administrative districts within 3-km radius of ten cement plants in Korea. The respiratory tract cancer incidence data (International Classification of Diseases, ten revision code C00-C14 and C30-C34) for 2008-2012 were obtained from regional cancer registries. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for each cancer site in the respiratory tract were calculated using an indirect standardization method. RESULTS Compared with the general Korean population, the incidence of lung and bronchus cancer (C33-C34) was significantly higher in all subjects [SIR 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.29] and especially in the men subjects (SIR 1.47, 95% CI 1.29-1.68) in our study population. In addition, the incidence of larynx cancer in men (SIR 1.64, 95% CI 0.97-2.59) and salivary gland cancer in women (SIR 3.03, 95% CI 0.98-7.07) living near cement plants was marginally increased. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that environmental exposure to Portland cement dust is a risk factor for respiratory tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Eom
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Eun-Bi Cho
- Gangwon Regional Cancer Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Moo-Kyung Oh
- Gangwon Regional Cancer Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hae-Sung Nam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Heon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Korea. .,Chungbuk Regional Cancer Center, Cheongju, Korea.
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Boşgelmez Iİ, Güvendik G. N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Protects Liver and Kidney Against Chromium(VI)-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 178:44-53. [PMID: 27888451 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compound exposure may lead to hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects. Cr(VI) reduction may generate reactive intermediates and radicals which might be associated with damage. We investigated effects of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) pre- or post-treatment on oxidative stress and accumulation of Cr in liver and kidney of Cr(VI)-exposed mice. Intraperitoneal potassium dichromate injection (20 mg Cr/kg) caused a significant elevation of lipid peroxidation in both tissues as compared to control (p < 0.05). Significant decreases in non-protein sulfhydryl (NPSH) level, as well as enzyme activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) along with significant accumulation of Cr in the tissues (p < 0.05) were of note. NAC pre-treatment (200 mg/kg, ip) provided a noticeable alleviation of lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05) in both tissues, whereas post-treatment exerted significant effect only in kidney. Similarly, Cr(VI)-induced NPSH decline was restored by NAC pre-treatment in both tissues (p < 0.05); however, NAC post-treatment could only replenish NPSH in liver (p < 0.05). Regarding enzyme activities, in liver tissue NAC pre-treatment provided significant restoration on Cr(VI)-induced CAT inhibition (p < 0.05), while SOD enzyme activity was regulated to some extent. In kidney, SOD activity was efficiently restored by both treatments (p < 0.05), whereas CAT enzyme alteration could not be totally relieved. Additionally, NAC pre-treatment in both tissues and post-treatment in liver exerted significant tissue Cr level decreases (p < 0.05). Overall, especially NAC pre-treatment seems to provide beneficial effects in regulating pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance and Cr accumulation caused by Cr(VI) in liver and kidney. This finding may be due to several mechanisms including extracellular reduction or chelation of Cr(VI) by readily available NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- I İpek Boşgelmez
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Gülin Güvendik
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies of Cr(VI) adsorption from aqueous solution onto manganese oxide coated sand grain (MOCSG). J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ray RR. Adverse hematological effects of hexavalent chromium: an overview. Interdiscip Toxicol 2017; 9:55-65. [PMID: 28652847 PMCID: PMC5458105 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2016-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Workers of tanneries, welding industries, factories manufacturing chromate containing paints are exposed to hexavalent chromium that increases the risk of developing serious adverse health effects. This review elucidates the mode of action of hexavalent chromium on blood and its adverse effects. Both leukocyte and erythrocyte counts of blood sharply decreased in Swiss mice after two weeks of intraperitoneal treatment with Cr (VI), with the erythrocytes transforming into echinocytes. The hexavalent chromium in the blood is readily reduced to trivalent form and the reductive capacity of erythrocytes is much greater than that of plasma. Excess Cr (VI), not reduced in plasma, may enter erythrocytes and lymphocytes and in rodents it induces microcytic anemia. The toxic effects of chromium (VI) include mitochondrial injury and DNA damage of blood cells that leads to carcinogenicity. Excess Cr (VI) increases cytosolic Ca2+ activity and ATP depletion thereby inducing eryptosis. Se, vitamin C, and quercetin are assumed to have some protective effect against hexavalent chromium induced hematological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Rani Ray
- Postgraduate Department of Zoology, Bethune College, 181, Bidhan Sarani, Kolkata: 700 006, India
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Ramachandran A, Prasankumar T, Sivaprakash S, Wiston BR, Biradar S, Jose S. Removal of elevated level of chromium in groundwater by the fabricated PANI/Fe 3O 4 nanocomposites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:7490-7498. [PMID: 28111723 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the reduction of chromium concentration in the polluted groundwater samples from Madurai Kamaraj University area, India, where the dissolved salts in groundwater are reported as serious health hazards for its inhabitants. The water samples have intolerable amounts of total dissolved solids (TDS) and chromium is a prominent pollutant among them. Chromium reduction was achieved by treating the polluted groundwater with PANI/Fe3O4 nanocomposites synthesized by in situ polymerization method. Further experimentation showed that the nanocomposites exhibit better chromium removal characteristics upon increasing the aniline concentration during the synthesis. We were able to reduce chromium concentration in the samples from 0.295 mg L-1 to a tolerable amount of 0.144 mg L-1. This work is expected to open doors for chromium-free groundwater in various regions of India, when improved to an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Prasankumar
- School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, India
| | - S Sivaprakash
- School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, India
| | - Biny R Wiston
- School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, India
| | - Santhosh Biradar
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Sujin Jose
- School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, India.
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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The simultaneous detection of trivalent & hexavalent chromium in exhaled breath condensate: A feasibility study comparing workers and controls. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 220:415-423. [PMID: 27956251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The analytical method outlined in this feasibility study has been used to show that trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) can be detected and measured in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples. EBC samples and urine samples were collected from a cohort of 58 workers occupationally exposed to hexavalent chromium compounds and 22 unexposed volunteers (control group). Levels of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were determined in EBC samples and total chromium levels were determined in urine samples. Pre and post working week samples for both EBC and urine were collected in tandem. Total chromium in urine samples was analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analysis of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in EBC samples used a hyphenated micro liquid chromatography (μLC) system coupled to an ICP-MS. Separation was achieved using an anion exchange micro-sized column. The results showed that the occupationally exposed workers had significantly higher levels of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in their EBC samples than the control group, as well as higher levels of total chromium in their urine samples. However, for the exposed workers no significant difference was found between pre and post working week EBC samples for either Cr(III) or Cr(VI). This study has established that Cr(III) and Cr(VI) can simultaneously be detected and measured in 'real' EBC samples and will help in understanding inhalation exposure.
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Lukina AO, Boutin C, Rowland O, Carpenter DJ. Evaluating trivalent chromium toxicity on wild terrestrial and wetland plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 162:355-364. [PMID: 27543852 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Elevated chromium levels in soil from mining can impact the environment, including plants. Mining of chromium is concentrated in South Africa, several Asian countries, and potentially in Northern Ontario, Canada, raising concerns since chromium toxicity to wild plants is poorly understood. In the first experiment, concentration-response tests were conducted to evaluate effects of chromium on terrestrial and wetland plants. Following established guidelines using artificial soil, seeds of 32 species were exposed to chromium (Cr(3+)) at concentrations simulating contamination (0-1000 mg kg(-1)). This study found that low levels of chromium (250 mg kg(-1)) adversely affected the germination of 22% of species (33% of all families), while higher levels (500 and 1000 mg kg(-1)) affected 69% and 94% of species, respectively, from 89% of the families. Secondly, effects on seedbanks were studied using soil collected in Northern Ontario and exposed to Cr(3+) at equivalent concentrations (0-1000 mg kg(-1)). Effects were less severe in the seedbank study with significant differences only observed at 1000 mg kg(-1). Seeds exposed to Cr(3+) during stratification were greatly affected. Seed size was a contributing factor as was possibly the seed coat barrier. This study represents an initial step in understanding Cr(3+) toxicity on wild plants and could form the basis for future risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Lukina
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada; Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - C Boutin
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - O Rowland
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - D J Carpenter
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada
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Wright C, Iyer AKV, Kulkarni Y, Azad N. S-Nitrosylation of Bcl-2 Negatively Affects Autophagy in Lung Epithelial Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:521-32. [PMID: 26241894 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic cellular mechanism involving lysosomal degradation of unwanted cellular components. Interaction between Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 proteins is known to play a critical role in the initiation of autophagy. We report that malignantly transformed lung epithelial cells are resistant to autophagy and express lower basal levels of autophagic proteins, Beclin-1 and LC3-II as compared to non-tumorigenic cells. Additionally, increased levels of nitric oxide (NO) and Bcl-2 were observed in transformed cells. Nitric oxide was found to negatively regulate autophagy initiation and autophagic flux by nitrosylating Bcl-2 and stabilizing its interaction with Beclin-1, resulting in inhibition of Beclin-1 activity. An increase in the apoptotic initiator caspase-9 and the apoptosis and autophagy-associated kinase p38/MAPK in both cell types indicated possible autophagy-apoptosis crosstalk. Pre-treatments with ABT-737 (Bcl-2 inhibitor) and aminoguanidine (NO inhibitor), and transfection with a non-nitrosylable Bcl-2 cysteine double-mutant plasmid resulted in increased autophagic flux (LC3-II/p62 upregulation) corresponding with decreased S-nitrocysteine expression, thus corroborating the regulatory role of Bcl-2 S-nitrosylation in autophagy. In conclusion, our study reveals a novel mechanism of autophagy resistance via post-translational modification of Bcl-2 protein by NO, which may be critical in driving cellular tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton Wright
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia
| | | | - Yogesh Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia
| | - Neelam Azad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia
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