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Song Y, Chen M, Wei Y, Ma X, Shi H. Signaling pathways in colorectal cancer implications for the target therapies. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:21. [PMID: 38844562 PMCID: PMC11156834 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) stands as a pressing global health issue, marked by the unbridled proliferation of immature cells influenced by multifaceted internal and external factors. Numerous studies have explored the intricate mechanisms of tumorigenesis in CRC, with a primary emphasis on signaling pathways, particularly those associated with growth factors and chemokines. However, the sheer diversity of molecular targets introduces complexity into the selection of targeted therapies, posing a significant challenge in achieving treatment precision. The quest for an effective CRC treatment is further complicated by the absence of pathological insights into the mutations or alterations occurring in tumor cells. This study reveals the transfer of signaling from the cell membrane to the nucleus, unveiling recent advancements in this crucial cellular process. By shedding light on this novel dimension, the research enhances our understanding of the molecular intricacies underlying CRC, providing a potential avenue for breakthroughs in targeted therapeutic strategies. In addition, the study comprehensively outlines the potential immune responses incited by the aberrant activation of signaling pathways, with a specific focus on immune cells, cytokines, and their collective impact on the dynamic landscape of drug development. This research not only contributes significantly to advancing CRC treatment and molecular medicine but also lays the groundwork for future breakthroughs and clinical trials, fostering optimism for improved outcomes and refined approaches in combating colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Song
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Chen
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Wei
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huashan Shi
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Shekar N, Vuong P, Kaur P. Analysing potent biomarkers along phytochemicals for breast cancer therapy: an in silico approach. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 203:29-47. [PMID: 37726449 PMCID: PMC10771382 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This research focused on the identification of herbal compounds as potential anti-cancer drugs, especially for breast cancer, that involved the recognition of Notch downstream targets NOTCH proteins (1-4) specifically expressed in breast tumours as biomarkers for prognosis, along with P53 tumour antigens, that were used as comparisons to check the sensitivity of the herbal bio-compounds. METHODS After investigating phytochemical candidates, we employed an approach for computer-aided drug design and analysis to find strong breast cancer inhibitors. The present study utilized in silico analyses and protein docking techniques to characterize and rank selected bio-compounds for their efficiency in oncogenic inhibition for use in precise carcinomic cell growth control. RESULTS Several of the identified phytocompounds found in herbs followed Lipinski's Rule of Five and could be further investigated as potential medicinal molecules. Based on the Vina score obtained after the docking process, the active compound Epigallocatechin gallate in green tea with NOTCH (1-4) and P53 proteins showed promising results for future drug repurposing. The stiffness and binding stability of green tea pharmacological complexes were further elucidated by the molecular dynamic simulations carried out for the highest scoring phytochemical ligand complex. CONCLUSION The target-ligand complex of green tea active compound Epigallocatechin gallate with NOTCH (1-4) had the potential to become potent anti-breast cancer therapeutic candidates following further research involving wet-lab experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivruthi Shekar
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, 35-Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Paton Vuong
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, 35-Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Parwinder Kaur
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, 35-Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
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3
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Ajmeera D, Ajumeera R. Drug repurposing: A novel strategy to target cancer stem cells and therapeutic resistance. Genes Dis 2024; 11:148-175. [PMID: 37588226 PMCID: PMC10425757 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an effortless and frequently used approach in cancer therapy. However, in most cases, it can only prolong life expectancy and does not guarantee a complete cure. Furthermore, chemotherapy is associated with severe adverse effects, one of the major complications of effective cancer therapy. In addition, newly published research outputs show that cancer stem cells are involved in cancer disease progression, drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence and that they are functional in the trans-differentiation capacity of cancer stem cells to cancer cells in response to treatments. Novel strategies are therefore required for better management of cancer therapy. The prime approach would be to synthesize and develop novel drugs that need extensive resources, time, and endurance to be brought into therapeutic use. The subsequent approach would be to screen the anti-cancer activity of available non-cancerous drugs. This concept of repurposing non-cancer drugs as an alternative to current cancer therapy has become popular in recent years because using existing anticancer drugs has several adverse effects. Micronutrients have also been investigated for cancer therapy due to their significant anti-cancer effects with negligible or no side effects and availability in food sources. In this paper, we discuss an ideal hypothesis for screening available non-cancerous drugs with anticancer activity, with a focus on cancer stem cells and their clinical application for cancer treatment. Further, drug repurposing and the combination of micronutrients that can target both cancers and cancer stem cells may result in a better therapeutic approach leading to maximum tumor growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Ajmeera
- Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Rajanna Ajumeera
- Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
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4
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Goenka A, Khan F, Verma B, Sinha P, Dmello CC, Jogalekar MP, Gangadaran P, Ahn B. Tumor microenvironment signaling and therapeutics in cancer progression. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2023; 43:525-561. [PMID: 37005490 PMCID: PMC10174093 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor development and metastasis are facilitated by the complex interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment, which comprises stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, among other factors. Stromal cells can adopt new phenotypes to promote tumor cell invasion. A deep understanding of the signaling pathways involved in cell-to-cell and cell-to-ECM interactions is needed to design effective intervention strategies that might interrupt these interactions. In this review, we describe the tumor microenvironment (TME) components and associated therapeutics. We discuss the clinical advances in the prevalent and newly discovered signaling pathways in the TME, the immune checkpoints and immunosuppressive chemokines, and currently used inhibitors targeting these pathways. These include both intrinsic and non-autonomous tumor cell signaling pathways in the TME: protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, Notch, and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) signaling, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress response, lactate signaling, Metabolic reprogramming, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and Siglec signaling pathways. We also discuss the recent advances in Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1), Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 (CTLA4), T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) and Lymphocyte Activating Gene 3 (LAG3) immune checkpoint inhibitors along with the C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4)- C-C class chemokines 22 (CCL22)/ and 17 (CCL17), C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2)- chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5)- chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) chemokine signaling axis in the TME. In addition, this review provides a holistic understanding of the TME as we discuss the three-dimensional and microfluidic models of the TME, which are believed to recapitulate the original characteristics of the patient tumor and hence may be used as a platform to study new mechanisms and screen for various anti-cancer therapies. We further discuss the systemic influences of gut microbiota in TME reprogramming and treatment response. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of the diverse and most critical signaling pathways in the TME, highlighting the associated newest and critical preclinical and clinical studies along with their underlying biology. We highlight the importance of the most recent technologies of microfluidics and lab-on-chip models for TME research and also present an overview of extrinsic factors, such as the inhabitant human microbiome, which have the potential to modulate TME biology and drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Goenka
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of NeurologyThe Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, 60611ILUSA
| | - Fatima Khan
- Department of Neurological SurgeryFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicago, 60611ILUSA
| | - Bhupender Verma
- Department of OphthalmologySchepens Eye Research InstituteMassachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryHarvard Medical SchoolBoston, 02114MAUSA
| | - Priyanka Sinha
- Department of NeurologyMassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestown, 02129MAUSA
| | - Crismita C. Dmello
- Department of Neurological SurgeryFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicago, 60611ILUSA
| | - Manasi P. Jogalekar
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California San FranciscoSan Francisco, 94143CAUSA
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future TalentsDepartment of Biomedical Science, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaegu, 41944South Korea
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSchool of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University HospitalDaegu, 41944South Korea
| | - Byeong‐Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future TalentsDepartment of Biomedical Science, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaegu, 41944South Korea
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSchool of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University HospitalDaegu, 41944South Korea
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5
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Samanta P, Bhowmik A, Biswas S, Sarkar R, Ghosh R, Pakhira S, Mondal M, Sen S, Saha P, Hajra S. Therapeutic Effectiveness of Anticancer Agents Targeting Different Signaling Molecules Involved in Asymmetric Division of Cancer Stem Cell. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10523-3. [PMID: 36952080 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Intra-tumoral heterogeneity is maintained by cancer stem cells (CSCs) with dysregulated self-renewal and asymmetric cell division (ACD). According to the cancer stem cell theory, by ACD a CSC can generate two daughter progenies with different fates such as one cancer stem cell and one differentiated cell. Therefore, this type of mitotic division supports vital process of the maintenance of CSC population. But this CSC pool reservation by ACD complicates the treatment of cancer patients, as CSCs give rise to aggressive clones which are prone to metastasis and drug-insensitivity. Hence, identification of therapeutic modalities which can target ACD of cancer stem cell is an intriguing part of cancer research. In this review, other than the discussion about the extrinsic inducers of ACD role of different proteins, miRNAs and lncRNAs in this type of cell division is also mentioned. Other than these, mode of action of the proven and potential drugs targeting ACD of CSC is also discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Samanta
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd, Bakul Bagan, Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Arijit Bhowmik
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd, Bakul Bagan, Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India.
| | - Souradeep Biswas
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd, Bakul Bagan, Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Rupali Sarkar
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd, Bakul Bagan, Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Rituparna Ghosh
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd, Bakul Bagan, Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Shampa Pakhira
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd, Bakul Bagan, Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Mrinmoyee Mondal
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd, Bakul Bagan, Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Soummadeep Sen
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd, Bakul Bagan, Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Prosenjit Saha
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd, Bakul Bagan, Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Subhadip Hajra
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd, Bakul Bagan, Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India.
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Kibriya MG, Raza M, Quinn A, Kamal M, Ahsan H, Jasmine F. A Transcriptome and Methylome Study Comparing Tissues of Early and Late Onset Colorectal Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214261. [PMID: 36430738 PMCID: PMC9697435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increase in the incidence of early onset colorectal carcinoma (EOCRC). To better understand if there is any difference in molecular pathogenesis of EOCRC and late onset colorectal carcinoma (LOCRC), we compared the clinical, histological, transcriptome, and methylome profile of paired CRC and healthy colonic tissue from 67 EOCRC and 98 LOCRC patients. The frequency of stage 3 CRC, lymph node involvement, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion was higher in the EOCRC group. Many of the cancer related pathways were differentially expressed in CRC tissue in both EOCRC and LOCRC patients. However, the magnitude of differential expression for some groups of genes, such as DNA damage repair genes and replication stress genes, were significantly less pronounced in the EOCRC group, suggesting less efficient DNA damage repair to be associated with EOCRC. A more marked methylation of "growth factor receptor" genes in LOCRC correlated with a more pronounced down-regulation of those genes in that group. From a therapeutic point of view, more over-expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) among the LOCRC patients may suggest a better response of FASN targeted therapy in that group. The age of onset of CRC did not appear to modify the response of cis-platin or certain immune checkpoint inhibitors. We found some differences in the molecular pathogenesis in EOCRC and LOCRC that may have some biological and therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad G Kibriya
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Maruf Raza
- Department of Pathology, Jahurul Islam Medical College, Kishoregonj 2336, Bangladesh
| | - Anthony Quinn
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mohammed Kamal
- Department of Pathology, The Laboratory Dhaka, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Farzana Jasmine
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Sonawala K, Ramalingam S, Sellamuthu I. Influence of Long Non-Coding RNA in the Regulation of Cancer Stem Cell Signaling Pathways. Cells 2022; 11:3492. [PMID: 36359888 PMCID: PMC9656902 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as an immensely studied and experimental topic, however a wide range of questions concerning the topic still remain unanswered; in particular, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of tumor stem cells and their characteristics. Understanding the cancer stem-cell signaling pathways may pave the way towards a better comprehension of these mechanisms. Signaling pathways such as WNT, STAT, Hedgehog, NOTCH, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, TGF-β, and NF-κB are responsible not only for modulating various features of CSCs but also their microenvironments. Recently, the prominent roles of various non-coding RNAs such as small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in developing and enhancing the tumor phenotypes have been unfolded. This review attempts to shed light on understanding the influence of long non- coding RNAs in the modulation of various CSC-signaling pathways and its impact on the CSCs and tumor properties; highlighting the protagonistic and antagonistic roles of lncRNAs.
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Mukherjee S, Calvi BR, Hundley HA, Sokol NS. MicroRNA mediated regulation of the onset of enteroblast differentiation in the Drosophila adult intestine. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Cheraghi O, Dabirmanesh B, Ghazi F, Amanlou M, Atabakhshi-kashi M, Fathollahi Y, Khajeh K. The effect of Nrf2 deletion on the proteomic signature in a human colorectal cancer cell line. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:979. [PMID: 36100939 PMCID: PMC9472369 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancer and the third leading cause of death worldwide. Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is observed in many types of cancer cells. Several studies have reported that an increase in ROS production could affect the expression of proteins involved in ROS-scavenging, detoxification and drug resistance. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a known transcription factor for cellular response to oxidative stress. Several researches exhibited that Nrf2 could exert multiple functions and expected to be a promising therapeutic target in many cancers. Here, Nrf2 was knocked down in colorectal cancer cell line HT29 and changes that occurred in signaling pathways and survival mechanisms were evaluated. Methods The influence of chemotherapy drugs (doxorubicin and cisplatin), metastasis and cell viability were investigated. To explore the association between specific pathways and viability in HT29-Nrf2−, proteomic analysis, realtime PCR and western blotting were performed. Results In the absence of Nrf2 (Nrf2−), ROS scavenging and detoxification potential were dramatically faded and the HT29-Nrf2− cells became more susceptible to drugs. However, a severe decrease in viability was not observed. Bioinformatic analysis of proteomic data revealed that in Nrf2− cells, proteins involved in detoxification processes, respiratory electron transport chain and mitochondrial-related compartment were down regulated. Furthermore, proteins related to MAPKs, JNK and FOXO pathways were up regulated that possibly helped to overcome the detrimental effect of excessive ROS production. Conclusions Our results revealed MAPKs, JNK and FOXO pathways connections in reducing the deleterious effect of Nrf2 deficiency, which can be considered in cancer therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10055-y.
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Ho MT, Lu J, Vazquez-Pianzola P, Suter B. α-Phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase competes with Notch signaling through its N-terminal domain. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010185. [PMID: 35486661 PMCID: PMC9094542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The alpha subunit of the cytoplasmic Phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase (α-PheRS, FARSA in humans) displays cell growth and proliferation activities and its elevated levels can induce cell fate changes and tumor-like phenotypes that are neither dependent on the canonical function of charging tRNAPhe with phenylalanine nor on stimulating general translation. In intestinal stem cells of Drosophila midguts, α-PheRS levels are naturally slightly elevated and human FARSA mRNA levels are elevated in multiple cancers. In the Drosophila midgut model, elevated α-PheRS levels caused the accumulation of many additional proliferating cells resembling intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and enteroblasts (EBs). This phenotype partially resembles the tumor-like phenotype described as Notch RNAi phenotype for the same cells. Genetic interactions between α-PheRS and Notch suggest that their activities neutralize each other and that elevated α-PheRS levels attenuate Notch signaling when Notch induces differentiation into enterocytes, type II neuroblast stem cell proliferation, or transcription of a Notch reporter. These non-canonical functions all map to the N-terminal part of α-PheRS which accumulates naturally in the intestine. This truncated version of α-PheRS (α-S) also localizes to nuclei and displays weak sequence similarity to the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), suggesting that α-S might compete with the NICD for binding to a common target. Supporting this hypothesis, the tryptophan (W) residue reported to be key for the interaction between the NICD and the Su(H) BTD domain is not only conserved in α-PheRS and α-S, but also essential for attenuating Notch signaling. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acid to ensure proper decoding of the genetic code during translation. Independent of its aminoacylation function, the alpha subunit of Drosophila cytoplasmic Phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase (α-PheRS, FARSA in humans) has an additional activity that promotes growth and proliferation. Here we describe that elevated α-PheRS levels also induce cell fate changes and tumorous phenotypes in Drosophila midguts. Excessive proliferating cells with stem and progenitor cell characteristics accumulate and the composition of the terminally differentiated cells changes, too. This phenotype together with observed genetic interactions between α-PheRS and Notch levels show that α-PheRS counteracts Notch signaling in many different tissues and developmental stages. This novel activity of α-PheRS maps to its N-terminal part, which is naturally produced. The fragment contains a DNA binding domain, translocates into nuclei, and displays essential similarities to a Notch domain that binds to the downstream transcription factor. This suggests that it might be competing with Notch for binding to a common target. Not only because Notch plays important roles in many tumors, but also because FARSA mRNA levels are considerably upregulated in many tumors, this novel activity deserves more attention for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh Tin Ho
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jiongming Lu
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Beat Suter
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Jo MK, Moon CM, Kim EJ, Kwon JH, Fei X, Kim SE, Jung SA, Kim M, Mun YC, Ahn YH, Seo SY, Kim TI. Suppressive effect of α-mangostin for cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer via the Notch pathway. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:341. [PMID: 35351071 PMCID: PMC8962146 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Since colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in chemoresistance and in tumor recurrence and metastasis, targeting of CSCs has emerged as a sophisticated strategy for cancer therapy. α-mangostin (αM) has been confirmed to have antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on cancer cells. This study aimed to evaluate the selective inhibition of αM on CSCs in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the suppressive effect on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced CSCs.
Methods
The cell viability assay was performed to determine the optimal concentration of αM. A sphere forming assay and flow cytometry with CSC markers were carried out to evaluate the αM-mediated inhibition of CSCs. Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to investigate the effects of αM on the Notch signaling pathway and colon CSCs. The in vivo anticancer efficacy of αM in combination with 5-FU was investigated using a xenograft mouse model.
Results
αM inhibited the cell viability and reduced the number of spheres in HT29 and SW620 cells. αM treatment decreased CSCs and suppressed the 5-FU-induced an increase in CSCs on flow cytometry. αM markedly suppressed Notch1, NICD1, and Hes1 in the Notch signaling pathway in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, αM attenuated CSC markers CD44 and CD133, in a manner similar to that upon DAPT treatment, in HT29 cells. In xenograft mice, the tumor and CSC makers were suppressed in the αM group and in the αM group with 5-FU treatment.
Conclusion
This study shows that low-dose αM inhibits CSCs in CRC and suppresses 5-FU–induced augmentation of CSCs via the Notch signaling pathway.
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Notch signaling pathway: architecture, disease, and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:95. [PMID: 35332121 PMCID: PMC8948217 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NOTCH gene was identified approximately 110 years ago. Classical studies have revealed that NOTCH signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway. NOTCH receptors undergo three cleavages and translocate into the nucleus to regulate the transcription of target genes. NOTCH signaling deeply participates in the development and homeostasis of multiple tissues and organs, the aberration of which results in cancerous and noncancerous diseases. However, recent studies indicate that the outcomes of NOTCH signaling are changeable and highly dependent on context. In terms of cancers, NOTCH signaling can both promote and inhibit tumor development in various types of cancer. The overall performance of NOTCH-targeted therapies in clinical trials has failed to meet expectations. Additionally, NOTCH mutation has been proposed as a predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade therapy in many cancers. Collectively, the NOTCH pathway needs to be integrally assessed with new perspectives to inspire discoveries and applications. In this review, we focus on both classical and the latest findings related to NOTCH signaling to illustrate the history, architecture, regulatory mechanisms, contributions to physiological development, related diseases, and therapeutic applications of the NOTCH pathway. The contributions of NOTCH signaling to the tumor immune microenvironment and cancer immunotherapy are also highlighted. We hope this review will help not only beginners but also experts to systematically and thoroughly understand the NOTCH signaling pathway.
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Kim JC, Bodmer WF. Genomic landscape of colorectal carcinogenesis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:533-545. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03888-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Fourniols T, Maggio V, Rafael D, Colaco A, García Vidal E, Lopes A, Schwartz S, Martínez-Barriocanal Á, Preat V, Arango D. Colorectal cancer inhibition by BET inhibitor JQ1 is MYC-independent and not improved by nanoencapsulation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 171:39-49. [PMID: 34998911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain and extraterminal domain protein inhibitors (BETi) for cancer treatment did not convince during their first clinical trials. Their epigenetic mechanism of action is still not well understood, even if MYC is generally considered as its main downstream target. In this context, we intended to assess two new nanoformulations of the BETi JQ1 for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). JQ1 was encapsulated at 10 mg/mL in lipid nanocapsules (LNC) or polymeric micelles (PM), both compatible for an intravenous administration. Their effect was compared with free JQ1 on several CRC cell lines in vitro and with daily intraperitoneal cyclodextrin (CD)-loaded JQ1 on the CT26 CRC tumor model in vivo. We showed that LNC preferentially accumulated in tumor, liver, and lymph nodes. LNC-JQ1 and CD-JQ1 similarly delayed tumor growth and increased median survival from 15 to 23 or 20.5 days. JQ1 altered MYC in only two among four CRC cell lines. This MYC-independence found in CT26 was confirmed in vivo by PCR and immunohistochemistry. The main explanation of the JQ1 anticancer effect was an increase in apoptosis. The investigation of its impact on the tumor microenvironment did not show significant effects. Finally, JQ1 association with irinotecan did not synergize in vivo with JQ1 nanoformulations. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the JQ1 anticancer effect was not improved by nanoencapsulation even if their tumor delivery was probably higher. MYC inhibition was not associated to JQ1 efficacy in the case of the CT26 CRC murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Fourniols
- University of Louvain, Louvain drug research Institute, Advanced drug delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valentina Maggio
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Rafael
- Drug Delivery and Targeting Group, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Research Centre for Nanomedicine (CIBBIM-Nanomedicine), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ariana Colaco
- UCLouvain, LDRI (as T Fourniols, V.Preat) Centro hospitalar universitario lisboa norte, hospital de Santa Maria
| | - Elia García Vidal
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandra Lopes
- University of Louvain, Louvain drug research Institute, Advanced drug delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simo Schwartz
- Drug Delivery and Targeting Group, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Research Centre for Nanomedicine (CIBBIM-Nanomedicine), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Águeda Martínez-Barriocanal
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; UCLouvain, LDRI (as T Fourniols, V.Preat) Centro hospitalar universitario lisboa norte, hospital de Santa Maria
| | - Veronique Preat
- University of Louvain, Louvain drug research Institute, Advanced drug delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Diego Arango
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; UCLouvain, LDRI (as T Fourniols, V.Preat) Centro hospitalar universitario lisboa norte, hospital de Santa Maria.
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15
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Khan I. Understanding and Targeting the Colon Cancer Pathogenesis: A Molecular Perspective. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Turkey; Integral University, India
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16
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Abdolahi-Majd M, Hassanshahi G, Vatanparast M, Karimabad MN. Investigation of the effect of Prunus Amygdalus Amara on the expression of some genes of apoptosis and immortality in breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Curr Drug Res Rev 2021; 14:73-79. [PMID: 34856918 DOI: 10.2174/2589977513666211202094433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-cancer effects of almond nuts or oil have been approved, but there are a few pieces of research that have evaluated, in detail, almond and other seeds' effects on cancer. Therefore, in the present project, the aim was to explore the regulatory effect of the bitter almond extract (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) on the apoptotic and anti-cancer potency of MCF-7 cells. OBJECTIVES In the current experimental research, the Almond effect on MCF7 cells was evaluated by investigating the expression and the balance between Bcl-2, Bax genes to unmark the potential molecular mechanism. METHODS For 24 and 48h, the MCF7 cells were treated with the bitter almond extract (187.5-3000 µg/mL). MTT assay was used to assess the viability, and Real-time-PCR was applied to determine the expression of Bax and Bcl-2, facing β-actin. RESULTS Our results revealed a significant difference between different extract concentrations on the viability of MCF7 cell lines in 24 and 48 h; cell viability decreased time-dependently (P < 0.05). After 24 and 48h of extract facing MCF7 cells, the evaluated IC50 value was 3000 and 1500 µg/mL, respectively. Based on Real Time-PCR analysis, after 24 and 48 h, the mRNA levels of BCL-2 decreased by the extract, whereas BAX was in the MCF-7 cell line. CONCLUSION From the results, it can be concluded that bitter almond extract has anti-cancer properties that may influence the apoptotic pathways by regulating relative gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abdolahi-Majd
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan. Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan. Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Vatanparast
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan. Iran
| | - Mojgan Noroozi Karimabad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan. Iran
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17
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Li G, Zhang C, Liang W, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Tian X. Berberine regulates the Notch1/PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and acts synergistically with 17-AAG and SAHA in SW480 colon cancer cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:21-30. [PMID: 33417512 PMCID: PMC7808376 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1865407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Berberine (BBR) is used to treat diarrhoea and gastroenteritis in the clinic. It was found to have anticolon cancer effects. OBJECTIVE To study the anticolon cancer mechanism of BBR by connectivity map (CMAP) analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS CMAP based mechanistic prediction was conducted by comparing gene expression profiles of 10 μM BBR treated MCF-7 cells with that of clinical drugs such as helveticoside, ianatoside C, pyrvinium, gossypol and trifluoperazine. The treatment time was 12 h and two biological replications were performed. The DMSO-treated cells were selected as a control. The interaction between 100 μM BBR and target protein was measured by cellular thermal shift assay. The protein expression of 1-9 μM BBR treated SW480 cells were measured by WB assay. Apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of 1-9 μM BBR treated SW480 cells were measured by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 staining methods. RESULTS CMAP analysis found 14 Hsp90, HDAC, PI3K or mTOR protein inhibitors have similar functions with BBR. The experiments showed that BBR inhibited SW480 cells proliferation with IC50 of 3.436 μM, induced apoptosis, autophage, MMP depolarization and arrested G1 phase of cell cycle at 1.0 μM. BBR dose-dependently up-regulated PTEN, while inhibited Notch1, PI3K, Akt and mTOR proteins at 1.0-9.0 μM (p < 0.05). BBR also acted synergistically with Hsp90 and HDAC inhibitor (0.01 μM) in SW480 cells at 0.5 and 1.0 μM. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The integrative gene expression-based chemical genomic method using CMAP analysis may be applicable for mechanistic studies of other multi-targets drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Liang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yanbing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yunheng Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xinhui Tian
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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18
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Zhu X, Jia W, Yan Y, Huang Y, Wang B. NOP14 regulates the growth, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by modulating the NRIP1/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 34218653 PMCID: PMC8273630 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosed worldwide. Recently, nucleolar complex protein 14 (NOP14) has been discovered to play a critical role in cancer development and progression, but the mechanisms of action of NOP14 in colorectal cancer remain to be elucidated. In this study, we used collected colorectal cancer tissues and cultured colorectal cancer cell lines (SW480, HT29, HCT116, DLD1, Lovo), and measured the mRNA and protein expression levels of NOP14 in colorectal cancer cells using qPCR and Western blotting. GFP-NOP14 was constructed and siRNA fragments against NOP14 were synthesized to investigate the importance of NOP14 for the development of colorectal cells. Transwell migration assays were used to measure cell invasion and migration, CCK-8 kits were used to measure cell activity, and flow cytometry was applied to the observation of apoptosis. We found that both the mRNA and protein levels of NOP14 were significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of GFP-NOP14 markedly promoted the growth, migration, and invasion of the CRC cells HT19 and SW480, while genetic knockdown of NOP14 inhibited these behaviors. Overexpression of NOP14 promoted the expression of NRIP1 and phosphorylated inactivation of GSK-3β, leading to the upregulation of β-catenin. Genetic knockdown of NOP14 had the opposite effect on NRIP1/GSK-3/β-catenin signals. NOP14 therefore appears to be overexpressed in clinical samples and cell lines of colorectal cancer, and promotes the proliferation, growth, and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells by modulating the NRIP1/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanjin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Weilu Jia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang.
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou .
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou .
| | - Bailin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou .
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19
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Ferguson M, Foley E. Microbial recognition regulates intestinal epithelial growth in homeostasis and disease. FEBS J 2021; 289:3666-3691. [PMID: 33977656 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The intestine is constantly exposed to a dynamic community of microbes. Intestinal epithelial cells respond to microbes through evolutionarily conserved recognition pathways, such as the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway of Drosophila, the Toll-like receptor (TLR) response of flies and vertebrates, and the vertebrate nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) pathway. Microbial recognition pathways are tightly controlled to respond effectively to pathogens, tolerate the microbiome, and limit intestinal disease. In this review, we focus on contributions of different model organisms to our understanding of how epithelial microbe recognition impacts intestinal proliferation and differentiation in homeostasis and disease. In particular, we compare how microbes and subsequent recognition by the intestine influences barrier integrity, intestinal repair and tumorigenesis in Drosophila, zebrafish, mice, and organoids. In addition, we discuss the importance of microbial recognition in homeostatic intestinal growth and discuss how immune pathways directly impact stem cell and crypt dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Ferguson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Edan Foley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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20
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Ferguson M, Petkau K, Shin M, Galenza A, Fast D, Foley E. Differential effects of commensal bacteria on progenitor cell adhesion, division symmetry and tumorigenesis in the Drosophila intestine. Development 2021; 148:dev.186106. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.186106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Microbial factors influence homeostatic and oncogenic growth in the intestinal epithelium. However, we know little about immediate effects of commensal bacteria on stem cell division programs. In this study, we examined the effects of commensal Lactobacillus species on homeostatic and tumorigenic stem cell proliferation in the female Drosophila intestine. We identified Lactobacillus brevis as a potent stimulator of stem cell divisions. In a wild-type midgut, L.brevis activates growth regulatory pathways that drive stem cell divisions. In a Notch-deficient background, L.brevis-mediated proliferation causes rapid expansion of mutant progenitors, leading to accumulation of large, multi-layered tumors throughout the midgut. Mechanistically, we showed that L.brevis disrupts expression and subcellular distribution of progenitor cell integrins, supporting symmetric divisions that expand intestinal stem cell populations. Collectively, our data emphasize the impact of commensal microbes on division and maintenance of the intestinal progenitor compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Ferguson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Kristina Petkau
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Minjeong Shin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Anthony Galenza
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - David Fast
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Edan Foley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
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21
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Ahmad R, Singh JK, Wunnava A, Al-Obeed O, Abdulla M, Srivastava SK. Emerging trends in colorectal cancer: Dysregulated signaling pathways (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:14. [PMID: 33655327 PMCID: PMC7834960 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently detected type of cancer, and the second most common cause of cancer‑related mortality globally. The American Cancer Society predicted that approximately 147,950 individuals would be diagnosed with CRC, out of which 53,200 individuals would succumb to the disease in the USA alone in 2020. CRC‑related mortality ranks third among both males and females in the USA. CRC arises from 3 major pathways: i) The adenoma‑carcinoma sequence; ii) serrated pathway; and iii) the inflammatory pathway. The majority of cases of CRC are sporadic and result from risk factors, such as a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, processed diets, alcohol consumption and smoking. CRC is also a common preventable cancer. With widespread CRC screening, the incidence and mortality from CRC have decreased in developed countries. However, over the past few decades, CRC cases and mortality have been on the rise in young adults (age, <50 years). In addition, CRC cases are increasing in developing countries with a low gross domestic product (GDP) due to lifestyle changes. CRC is an etiologically heterogeneous disease classified by tumor location and alterations in global gene expression. Accumulating genetic and epigenetic perturbations and aberrations over time in tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes and DNA mismatch repair genes could be a precursor to the onset of colorectal cancer. CRC can be divided as sporadic, familial, and inherited depending on the origin of the mutation. Germline mutations in APC and MLH1 have been proven to play an etiological role, resulting in the predisposition of individuals to CRC. Genetic alterations cause the dysregulation of signaling pathways leading to drug resistance, the inhibition of apoptosis and the induction of proliferation, invasion and migration, resulting in CRC development and metastasis. Timely detection and effective precision therapies based on the present knowledge of CRC is essential for successful treatment and patient survival. The present review presents the CRC incidence, risk factors, dysregulated signaling pathways and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Ahmad
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaikee Kumar Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Amoolya Wunnava
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Omar Al-Obeed
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdulla
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Hu W, Wu C, Yuan C, Chen M, Jin C, Zheng C. Ethanol Extracted from Radix of Actinidia Chinensis Inhibits Human Colon Tumor Through Inhibiting Notch-signaling Pathway. J Cancer 2021; 12:622-629. [PMID: 33403022 PMCID: PMC7778551 DOI: 10.7150/jca.51275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common tumors, and its five-year survival is still very low despite of the advance of treatment strategies. The antitumor effect of ethanol extracted from radix of Actinidia chinensis (EERAC) were identified in human colon cancer cells, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Methods: Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were measured with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing, and transwell assays. Cell apoptosis and cycle were detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to measure expression of target molecules. Xenograft tumor assay was applied to detect the influence of EERAC on tumor growth. Results: we found that EERAC inhibited the cell viability, migration, and invasion of SW480 cells in a concentration dependent manner, but promoted apoptosis and the cell percentage in S phase significantly. The suppression of notch-signaling pathway molecules, Notch1, Jagged1, and c-Myc, by EERAC was confirmed using western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. The significant inhibition of tumor growth by EERAC was also observed. Meanwhile, EERAC remarkably reversed the effects of mastermind like transcriptional coactivator 1 (MAML1, activator of notch-signaling pathway) on cell survival of SW480. Conclusions: EERAC might be a promising chemotherapeutic agent for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanle Hu
- Department of Coloproctology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325027, P.R. China
| | - Chenchen Wu
- Department of Coloproctology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325027, P.R. China
| | - Chenchen Yuan
- Department of Coloproctology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325027, P.R. China
| | - Minyuan Chen
- Department of Coloproctology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325027, P.R. China
| | - Chun Jin
- Department of Coloproctology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325027, P.R. China
| | - Chenguo Zheng
- Department of Coloproctology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325027, P.R. China
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23
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Meisel CT, Porcheri C, Mitsiadis TA. Cancer Stem Cells, Quo Vadis? The Notch Signaling Pathway in Tumor Initiation and Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081879. [PMID: 32796631 PMCID: PMC7463613 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation, cytodifferentiation and cell fate decisions in both embryonic and adult life. Several aspects of stem cell maintenance are dependent from the functionality and fine tuning of the Notch pathway. In cancer, Notch is specifically involved in preserving self-renewal and amplification of cancer stem cells, supporting the formation, spread and recurrence of the tumor. As the function of Notch signaling is context dependent, we here provide an overview of its activity in a variety of tumors, focusing mostly on its role in the maintenance of the undifferentiated subset of cancer cells. Finally, we analyze the potential of molecules of the Notch pathway as diagnostic and therapeutic tools against the various cancers.
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24
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Scherer D, Deutelmoser H, Balavarca Y, Toth R, Habermann N, Buck K, Kap EJ, Botma A, Seibold P, Jansen L, Lorenzo Bermejo J, Weigl K, Benner A, Hoffmeister M, Ulrich A, Brenner H, Burwinkel B, Chang-Claude J, Ulrich CM. Polymorphisms in the Angiogenesis-Related Genes EFNB2, MMP2 and JAG1 Are Associated with Survival of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5395. [PMID: 32751332 PMCID: PMC7432124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An individual's inherited genetic variation may contribute to the 'angiogenic switch', which is essential for blood supply and tumor growth of microscopic and macroscopic tumors. Polymorphisms in angiogenesis-related genes potentially predispose to colorectal cancer (CRC) or affect the survival of CRC patients. We investigated the association of 392 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 33 angiogenesis-related genes with CRC risk and survival of CRC patients in 1754 CRC cases and 1781 healthy controls within DACHS (Darmkrebs: Chancen der Verhütung durch Screening), a German population-based case-control study. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated from unconditional logistic regression to test for genetic associations with CRC risk. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs for survival. Multiple testing was adjusted for by a false discovery rate. No variant was associated with CRC risk. Variants in EFNB2, MMP2 and JAG1 were significantly associated with overall survival. The association of the EFNB2 tagging SNP rs9520090 (p < 0.0001) was confirmed in two validation datasets (p-values: 0.01 and 0.05). The associations of the tagging SNPs rs6040062 in JAG1 (p-value 0.0003) and rs2241145 in MMP2 (p-value 0.0005) showed the same direction of association with overall survival in the first and second validation sets, respectively, although they did not reach significance (p-values: 0.09 and 0.25, respectively). EFNB2, MMP2 and JAG1 are known for their functional role in angiogenesis and the present study points to novel evidence for the impact of angiogenesis-related genetic variants on the CRC outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Scherer
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.S.); (H.D.); (Y.B.); (R.T.); (N.H.); (K.B.); (A.B.); (H.B.)
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Heike Deutelmoser
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.S.); (H.D.); (Y.B.); (R.T.); (N.H.); (K.B.); (A.B.); (H.B.)
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Yesilda Balavarca
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.S.); (H.D.); (Y.B.); (R.T.); (N.H.); (K.B.); (A.B.); (H.B.)
| | - Reka Toth
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.S.); (H.D.); (Y.B.); (R.T.); (N.H.); (K.B.); (A.B.); (H.B.)
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Habermann
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.S.); (H.D.); (Y.B.); (R.T.); (N.H.); (K.B.); (A.B.); (H.B.)
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Buck
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.S.); (H.D.); (Y.B.); (R.T.); (N.H.); (K.B.); (A.B.); (H.B.)
| | - Elisabeth Johanna Kap
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.J.K.); (P.S.); (J.C.-C.)
| | - Akke Botma
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.S.); (H.D.); (Y.B.); (R.T.); (N.H.); (K.B.); (A.B.); (H.B.)
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.J.K.); (P.S.); (J.C.-C.)
| | - Petra Seibold
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.J.K.); (P.S.); (J.C.-C.)
| | - Lina Jansen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (L.J.); (K.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Justo Lorenzo Bermejo
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Korbinian Weigl
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (L.J.); (K.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Axel Benner
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (L.J.); (K.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Alexis Ulrich
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Chirurgische Klinik I, Lukaskrankenhaus Neuss, 41464 Neuss, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.S.); (H.D.); (Y.B.); (R.T.); (N.H.); (K.B.); (A.B.); (H.B.)
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (L.J.); (K.W.); (M.H.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (E.J.K.); (P.S.); (J.C.-C.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia M. Ulrich
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.S.); (H.D.); (Y.B.); (R.T.); (N.H.); (K.B.); (A.B.); (H.B.)
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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25
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Gonulcu SC, Unal B, Bassorgun IC, Ozcan M, Coskun HS, Elpek GO. Expression of Notch pathway components (Numb, Itch, and Siah-1) in colorectal tumors: A clinicopathological study. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3814-3833. [PMID: 32774060 PMCID: PMC7383841 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i26.3814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the Notch pathway in carcinogenesis and tumor progression has been demonstrated in many organs, including the colon. Accordingly, studies aimed at developing therapies targeting this pathway in various cancers require the identification of several factors that may play a role in regulating Notch-1 expression. Although Numb, Itch, and seven in absentia homolog-1 (Siah-1) have been shown to contribute to the regulation of Notch signaling, their role in colorectal carcinogenesis and tumor progression has not been fully elucidated to date.
AIM To evaluate Numb, Itch, and Siah-1 expression in colorectal tumors to clarify their relationship with Notch-1 expression and their role in carcinogenesis and tumor behavior.
METHODS Expression of Notch-1, Numb, Itch, and Siah-1 was investigated in 50 colorectal carcinomas, 30 adenomas, and 20 healthy colonic tissues by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses.
RESULTS In contrast to Notch-1, which is expressed at higher levels in tumor tissues and adenomas, expression of Numb, Itch, and Siah-1 was stronger and more frequent in normal mucosa (P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between Notch-1 expression and high histological grade, the presence of lymph node metastasis, and advanced-stage tumors, whereas expression of Numb, Itch, and Siah-1 was absent or reduced in tumors with these clinicopathological parameters (P < 0.05). In survival analysis, expression of Notch was related to poor prognosis but that of Numb, Itch, and Siah-1 correlated with improved survival (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed Notch-1 expression and loss of Numb expression to be independent prognostic parameters together with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION Our findings support the role of Notch-1 in colorectal carcinoma and indicate that loss of Numb, Itch, and Siah-1 expression is associated with carcinogenesis. Our data also suggest that these three proteins might be involved in the Notch-1 pathway during colorectal carcinoma (CRC) progression and might play an essential role in approaches targeting Notch as novel molecular therapies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Cil Gonulcu
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Betul Unal
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | | | - Mualla Ozcan
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Hasan Senol Coskun
- Department of Oncology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Gulsum Ozlem Elpek
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey
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26
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Najmuddin SUFS, Amin ZM, Tan SW, Yeap SK, Kalyanasundram J, Ani MAC, Veerakumarasivam A, Chan SC, Chia SL, Yusoff K, Alitheen NB. Cytotoxicity study of the interleukin-12-expressing recombinant Newcastle disease virus strain, rAF-IL12, towards CT26 colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:278. [PMID: 32612457 PMCID: PMC7325054 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oncolytic viruses have emerged as an alternative therapeutic modality for cancer as they can replicate specifically in tumour cells and induce toxic effects leading to apoptosis. Despite the great potentials and promising results shown in multiple studies, it appears that their efficacy is still moderate and deemed as not sufficient in clinical studies. In addressing this issue, genetic/molecular engineering approach has paved its way to improve the therapeutic efficacy as observed in the case of herpes simplex virus (HSV) expressing granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). This study aimed to explore the cytotoxicity effects of recombinant NDV strain AF2240-i expressing interleukin-12 (rAF-IL12) against CT26 colon cancer cells. Methods The cytotoxicity effect of rAF-IL12 against CT26 colon cancer cell line was determined by MTT assay. Based on the IC50 value from the anti-proliferative assay, further downward assays such as Annexin V FITC and cell cycle progression were carried out and measured by flow cytometry. Then, the in vivo study was conducted where the rAF-IL12 viral injections were given at the intra-tumoral site of the CT26 tumour-burden mice. At the end of the experiment, serum biochemical, T cell immunophenotyping, serum cytokine, histopathology of tumour and organ section, TUNEL assay, and Nanostring gene expression analysis were performed. Results The rAF-IL12 induced apoptosis of CT26 colon cancer cells in vitro as revealed in the Annexin V FITC analysis and also arrested the cancer cells progression at G1 phase of the cell cycle analysis. On the other hand, the rAF-IL12 significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the growth of CT26 tumour in Balb/c mice and had regulated the immune system by increasing the level of CD4 + , CD8 + , IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ. Furthermore, the expression level of apoptosis-related genes (bax and p53) was up-regulated as a result of the rAF-IL12 treatment. Additionally, the rAF-IL12 had also down-regulated the expression level of KRAS, BRAF, MAPK1, Notch1, CCL2, and VEGF oncogenes. Besides, rAF-IL12 intra-tumoral delivery was considered safe and not hazardous to the host as evidenced in pathophysiology of the normal tissues and organs of the mice as well as from the serum biochemistry profile of liver and kidney. Conclusions These results indicated that rAF-IL12 had better anti-tumoral and cytotoxicity effects compared to its parental wild-type, AF2240-i in combatting the CT26 colon cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahiah Mohamed Amin
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Jeevanathan Kalyanasundram
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Alhapis Che Ani
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
| | | | - Soon Choy Chan
- School of Foundation Studies, Perdana University, Block B and D1, MAEPS Building, MARDI Complex, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Suet Lin Chia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia.,Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia.,Malaysian Genome Institute, National Institute of Biotechnology, Kajang, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia.,Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
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27
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A Review on Notch Signaling and Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061549. [PMID: 32630477 PMCID: PMC7349609 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has one of the highest mortality rates despite the advancement of treatment options. Aggressive CRC remains difficult to treat owing to the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways such as the Notch signaling pathway. The role of Notch receptors varies according to the difference in their structures; in particular, aberrant activation of Notch1 has been attributed to the severity of CRC. Notch1 activation in CRC is inhibited by small molecule inhibitors that target γ-secretase, an enzyme responsible for the third and last cleavage step of Notch receptors. γ-Secretase also produces the intracellular domain that finally carries out cellular functions by activating downstream effectors. However, most inhibitors block γ-secretase non-selectively and cause severe toxicity. Plant-source-derived small molecules, monoclonal antibodies, biological molecules (such as SiRNAs), and compounds targeting the Notch1 receptor itself or the downstream molecules such as HES1 are some of the options that are in advanced stages of clinical trials. The Negative Regulatory Region (NRR), which plays a central role in the transduction of Notch1 signaling in the event of ligand-dependent and ligand-independent Notch1 processing is also being targeted specifically by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to prevent aberrant Notch1 activation. In this review, we discuss the role of Notch1 in CRC, particularly its metastatic phenotype, and how mutations in Notch1, specifically in its NRR region, contribute to the aberrant activation of Notch1 signaling, which, in turn, contributes to CRC pathogenesis. We also discuss prevailing and emerging therapies that target the Notch1 receptor and the NRR region, and we highlight the potential of these therapies in abrogating Notch signaling and, thus, CRC development and progression.
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28
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Tian R, Liu X, Luo Y, Jiang S, Liu H, You F, Zheng C, Wu J. Apoptosis Exerts a Vital Role in the Treatment of Colitis-Associated Cancer by Herbal Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:438. [PMID: 32410986 PMCID: PMC7199713 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-developed colorectal cancer, the pathogenesis of which involves the occurrence of apoptosis. Western drugs clinically applied to CAC are often single-targeted and exert many adverse reactions after long-term administration, so it is urgent to develop new drugs for the treatment of CAC. Herbal medicines commonly have multiple components with multiple targets, and most of them are low-toxicity. Some herbal medicines have been reported to ameliorate CAC through inducing apoptosis, but there is still a lack of systematic review. In this work, we reviewed articles published in Sci Finder, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, and other databases in recent years by setting the keywords as apoptosis in combination with colitis-associated cancer. We summarized the herbal medicine extracts or their compounds that can prevent CAC by modulating apoptosis and analyzed the mechanism of action. The results show the following. (1) Herbal medicines regulate both the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and death receptor apoptosis pathway. (2) Herbal medicines modulate the above two apoptotic pathways by affecting signal transductions of IL-6/STAT3, MAPK/NF-κ B, Oxidative stress, Non-canonical TGF-β1, WNT/β-catenin, and Cell cycle, thereby ameliorating CAC. We conclude that following. (1) Studies on the role of herbal medicine in regulating apoptosis through the Ras/Raf/ERK, WNT/β-catenin, and Cell cycle pathways have not yet been carried out in sufficient depth. (2) The active constituents of reported anti-CAC herbal medicine mainly include polyphenols, terpenoids, and saccharide. Also, we identified other herbal medicines with the constituents mentioned above as their main components, aiming to provide a reference for the clinical use of herbal medicine in the treatment of CAC. (3) New dosage forms can be utilized to elevate the targeting and reduce the toxicity of herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xianfeng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqin Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengnan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengming You
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiasi Wu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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29
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Koveitypour Z, Panahi F, Vakilian M, Peymani M, Seyed Forootan F, Nasr Esfahani MH, Ghaedi K. Signaling pathways involved in colorectal cancer progression. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:97. [PMID: 31827763 PMCID: PMC6889432 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of the worldwide cancer mortality. Different molecular mechanisms have been attributed to the development and progress of CRC. In this review, we will focus on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades downstream of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Notch, PI3K/AKT pathway, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and Wnt signaling pathways. Various mutations in the components of these signaling pathways have been linked to the development of CRC. Accordingly, numerous efforts have been carried out to target the signaling pathways to develop novel therapeutic approaches. Herein, we review the signaling pathways involved in the incidence and progression of CRC, and the strategies for the therapy targeting components of signaling pathways in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Koveitypour
- Department of Modern Biology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farnoush Panahi
- Department of Modern Biology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Vakilian
- 6Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain.,7Department of Cellular Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaga (UMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 88137-33395, Shahrekord, Iran.,4Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, P.O. Box: 816513-1378, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzad Seyed Forootan
- 4Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, P.O. Box: 816513-1378, Isfahan, Iran.,Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani
- 4Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, P.O. Box: 816513-1378, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- 3Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,4Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, P.O. Box: 816513-1378, Isfahan, Iran
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30
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Clara JA, Monge C, Yang Y, Takebe N. Targeting signalling pathways and the immune microenvironment of cancer stem cells - a clinical update. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 17:204-232. [PMID: 31792354 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-019-0293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have important roles in tumour development, relapse and metastasis; the intrinsic self-renewal characteristics and tumorigenic properties of these cells provide them with unique capabilities to resist diverse forms of anticancer therapy, seed recurrent tumours, and disseminate to and colonize distant tissues. The findings of several studies indicate that CSCs originate from non-malignant stem or progenitor cells. Accordingly, inhibition of developmental signalling pathways that are crucial for stem and progenitor cell homeostasis and function, such as the Notch, WNT, Hedgehog and Hippo signalling cascades, continues to be pursued across multiple cancer types as a strategy for targeting the CSCs hypothesized to drive cancer progression - with some success in certain malignancies. In addition, with the renaissance of anticancer immunotherapy, a better understanding of the interplay between CSCs and the tumour immune microenvironment might be the key to unlocking a new era of oncological treatments associated with a reduced propensity for the development of resistance and with enhanced antimetastatic activity, thus ultimately resulting in improved patient outcomes. Herein, we provide an update on the progress to date in the clinical development of therapeutics targeting the Notch, WNT, Hedgehog and Hippo pathways. We also discuss the interactions between CSCs and the immune system, including the potential immunological effects of agents targeting CSC-associated developmental signalling pathways, and provide an overview of the emerging approaches to CSC-targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Clara
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cecilia Monge
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yingzi Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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31
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Das PK, Rakib MA, Khanam JA, Pillai S, Islam F. Novel Therapeutics Against Breast Cancer Stem Cells by Targeting Surface Markers and Signaling Pathways. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:669-682. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190628104721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Breast cancer remains to be one of the deadliest forms of cancers, owing to
the drug resistance and tumor relapse caused by breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) despite notable advancements
in radio-chemotherapies.
Objective:
To find out novel therapeutics against breast cancer stem cells by aiming surface markers
and signaling pathways.
Methods:
A systematic literature search was conducted through various electronic databases including,
Pubmed, Scopus, Google scholar using the keywords "BCSCs, surface markers, signaling pathways
and therapeutic options against breast cancer stem cell. Articles selected for the purpose of this review
were reviewed and extensively analyzed.
Results:
Novel therapeutic strategies include targeting BCSCs surface markers and aberrantly activated
signaling pathways or targeting their components, which play critical roles in self-renewal and defense,
have been shown to be significantly effective against breast cancer. In this review, we represent a
number of ways against BCSCs surface markers and hyper-activated signaling pathways to target this
highly malicious entity of breast cancer more effectively in order to make a feasible and useful strategy
for successful breast cancer treatment. In addition, we discuss some characteristics of BCSCs in disease
progression and therapy resistance.
Conclusion:
BCSCs involved in cancer pathogenesis, therapy resistance and cancer recurrence. Thus,
it is suggested that a multi-dimensional therapeutic approach by targeting surface markers and aberrantly
activated signaling pathways of BCSCs alone or in combination with each other could really be
worthwhile in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plabon K. Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. A. Rakib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Jahan A. Khanam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Suja Pillai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
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32
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Pelullo M, Nardozza F, Zema S, Quaranta R, Nicoletti C, Besharat ZM, Felli MP, Cerbelli B, d'Amati G, Palermo R, Capalbo C, Talora C, Di Marcotullio L, Giannini G, Checquolo S, Screpanti I, Bellavia D. Kras/ADAM17-Dependent Jag1-ICD Reverse Signaling Sustains Colorectal Cancer Progression and Chemoresistance. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5575-5586. [PMID: 31506332 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is characterized by well-known genetic defects and approximately 50% of cases harbor oncogenic Ras mutations. Increased expression of Notch ligand Jagged1 occurs in several human malignancies, including colorectal cancer, and correlates with cancer progression, poor prognosis, and recurrence. Herein, we demonstrated that Jagged1 was constitutively processed in colorectal cancer tumors with mutant Kras, which ultimately triggered intrinsic reverse signaling via its nuclear-targeted intracellular domain Jag1-ICD. This process occurred when Kras/Erk/ADAM17 signaling was switched on, demonstrating that Jagged1 is a novel target of the Kras signaling pathway. Notably, Jag1-ICD promoted tumor growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, enhancing colorectal cancer progression and chemoresistance both in vitro and in vivo. These data highlight a novel role for Jagged1 in colorectal cancer tumor biology that may go beyond its effect on canonical Notch activation and suggest that Jag1-ICD may behave as an oncogenic driver that is able to sustain tumor pathogenesis and to confer chemoresistance through a noncanonical mechanism. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings present a novel role of the transcriptionally active Jag1-ICD fragment to confer and mediate some of the activity of oncogenic KRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pelullo
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Zema
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Quaranta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Nicoletti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Pia Felli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruna Cerbelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia d'Amati
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Palermo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Capalbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Talora
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Italy
| | - Saula Checquolo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.
| | | | - Diana Bellavia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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33
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García-Cárdenas JM, Guerrero S, López-Cortés A, Armendáriz-Castillo I, Guevara-Ramírez P, Pérez-Villa A, Yumiceba V, Zambrano AK, Leone PE, Paz-y-Miño C. Post-transcriptional Regulation of Colorectal Cancer: A Focus on RNA-Binding Proteins. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:65. [PMID: 31440515 PMCID: PMC6693420 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem with an estimated 1. 8 million new cases worldwide. To date, most CRC studies have focused on DNA-related aberrations, leaving post-transcriptional processes under-studied. However, post-transcriptional alterations have been shown to play a significant part in the maintenance of cancer features. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are uprising as critical regulators of every cancer hallmark, yet little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms and key downstream oncogenic targets. Currently, more than a thousand RBPs have been discovered in humans and only a few have been implicated in the carcinogenic process and even much less in CRC. Identification of cancer-related RBPs is of great interest to better understand CRC biology and potentially unveil new targets for cancer therapy and prognostic biomarkers. In this work, we reviewed all RBPs which have a role in CRC, including their control by microRNAs, xenograft studies and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - César Paz-y-Miño
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
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Elbadawy M, Usui T, Yamawaki H, Sasaki K. Emerging Roles of C-Myc in Cancer Stem Cell-Related Signaling and Resistance to Cancer Chemotherapy: A Potential Therapeutic Target Against Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2340. [PMID: 31083525 PMCID: PMC6539579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myc is a nuclear transcription factor that mainly regulates cell growth, cell cycle, metabolism, and survival. Myc family proteins contain c-Myc, n-Myc, and l-Myc. Among them, c-Myc can become a promising therapeutic target molecule in cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known to be responsible for the therapeutic resistance. In the previous study, we demonstrated that c-Myc mediates drug resistance of colorectal CSCs using a patient-derived primary three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture. In this review, we mainly focus on the roles of c-Myc-related signaling in the regulation of CSCs, chemotherapy resistance, and colorectal cancer organoids. Finally, we introduce the various types of c-Myc inhibitors and propose the possibility of c-Myc as a therapeutic target against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elbadawy
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt.
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Wang Y, Wang K, Chen Y, Zhou J, Liang Y, Yang X, Li X, Cao Y, Wang D, Luo L, Li B, Li D, Wang L, Liang Z, Gao C, Wang Q, Lv Q, Li Z, Shi Y, Niu H. Mutational landscape of penile squamous cell carcinoma in a Chinese population. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:1280-1289. [PMID: 31034097 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a malignancy that affects the skin and tissues of the penis, but the knowledge of pathogenesis and carcinogenesis is limited. Here, we characterize the PSCC genomic landscape using whole-exome sequencing. Of the 30 paired blood and tumor samples, we identified recurrent mutations in 11 genes; confirmed previous findings for FAT1 (4/30), HRAS (4/30), NOTCH1 (4/30), TP53 (3/30) and PIK3CA (3/30); and revealed novel candidate driver genes [CASP8 (4/30), SLITRK2 (3/30), FLG (3/30) and TRRAP (3/30)]. Our in vitro experiments suggested CASP8 was involved in mediating TRAIL-induced apoptosis of penile cancer cell lines. We also observed the frequently altered pathways for potential therapeutic implications: alterations in the Notch (30% of sample altered), RTK-RAS (26.7% altered) and Hippo (23.3% altered) pathways accounted for over 50% of tumors. The frequently altered genes (>10%) in these pathways were proved to be expressed in penile tumors by immunohistochemistry assay. These findings provide new insight into the mutational and pathway landscapes of PSCC and suggest potential novel therapeutic opportunities for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanbin Chen
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Liang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanwei Cao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhijuan Liang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengwen Gao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Lv
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Social Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Neuropsychiatric Science and Systems Biological Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Social Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Neuropsychiatric Science and Systems Biological Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Psychiatry, First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Haitao Niu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Bruno A, Di Sano C, Lorusso F, Dino P, Russo D, Ballacchino A, Gallina S, Modica DM, Chiappara G, Simon HU, Pace E. Notch-1 decreased expression contributes to leptin receptor downregulation in nasal epithelium from allergic turbinates. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1642-1650. [PMID: 30951821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis is characterized by a remodeling of nasal epithelium. Since the Notch and TGF-β signaling pathways are known to be involved in cell differentiation and remodeling processes and leptin adipokine has already been identified as a marker for homeostasis in human bronchial and nasal epithelial cells of asthmatics, roles played by these pathways have been investigated for chronic allergic rhinitis. METHODS The leptin/leptin receptor expression has been investigated in a study with 40 biopsies from allergic (AR, n = 18) and non-allergic (C, n = 22) inferior turbinates, using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR. In addition, extracts from in vitro samples prepared from primary cells of inferior turbinates as well as in vitro cultured human nasal epithelial RPMI 2650 cells (ATCC-CCL-30) were also tested for leptin expression and activation of the Notch-1 pathway. RESULTS With regards to AR, in vivo expression levels of both leptin and its receptor significantly decreased in comparison to C. Furthermore, leptin receptor mRNA was significantly reduced in AR as compared to C. Immunofluorescence showed an apparent co-expression of leptin receptor with Notch-1, which was not seen with TGF-β. In vitro, in primary turbinate epithelial cells, the expression of leptin receptor and Notch-1 significantly decreased in AR as compared to C. Moreover, in RPMI 2650 cells, leptin receptor expression was shown to be induced by Notch-1 ligand signaling. CONCLUSION Thus, both the leptin and Notch-1 pathways appear to represent markers for epithelial homeostasis in allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Bruno
- CNR, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Sano
- CNR, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Lorusso
- Otorhinolaryngology Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Dino
- CNR, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenica Russo
- CNR, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Gallina
- Otorhinolaryngology Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Michele Modica
- Otorhinolaryngology Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- CNR, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
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Saeg F, Anbalagan M. Breast cancer stem cells and the challenges of eradication: a review of novel therapies. Stem Cell Investig 2018; 5:39. [PMID: 30498750 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2018.10.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that accounts for 30% of all cancers diagnosed in women and over half a million deaths per year. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) make up a small subpopulation of cells within a tumor, are capable of self-renewal and, are responsible for tumor initiation, formation, and recurrence. Breast CSCs (BCSCs) have been the subject of concentrated research as potential targets for breast cancer therapies. Cell surface markers CD44+/CD24- have been established as minimum biomarkers for BCSCs and the upregulation of CD44 expression has been linked to tumor formation in numerous cancers. Additionally, the deregulation of Notch, Wnt/Frizzled/β-catenin, Hippo, and Hedgehog signaling pathways is believed to be responsible for the formation of CSCs and lead to tumor formation. Tumor heterogeneity is a key feature of therapy resistance and a major challenge. CSCs are predominantly senescent and inherently immune to chemotherapy drugs which rely on an overactive cell cycle. Current therapeutic strategies include targeting CSC signaling pathways that play critical roles in self-renewal and defense. Anti-CD44 antibodies have been shown to induce terminal differentiation in CSCs resulting in a significant decrease in tumor metastasis. Additionally, targeting the tumor microenvironment has been shown to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs. In this review, we attempt to provide an overview of breast cancer, the stem of its cause, and novel therapies currently being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Saeg
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,DeBakey Scholars Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Muralidharan Anbalagan
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Li D, Zhao C, Ding H, Wu Q, Ren T, Wang J, Chen C, Zhao Q. A novel inhibitor of ADAM17 sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to 5-Fluorouracil by reversing Notch and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro and in vivo. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12480. [PMID: 30069943 PMCID: PMC6528951 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies both in men and women. Owing to metastasis and resistance, the prognosis of colorectal cancerCRC patients remains extremely poor with chemotherapy. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) induces the activation of Notch pathway and contributes to the chemoresistance. This study aimed to discover a novel ADAM17 inhibitor and investigate the chemosensitization effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pharmacophore model, western blot and enzymatic assay were used to discover ZLDI-8. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT and colony formation assay. Cell migratory and invasive ability were determined by wound healing scratch and transwell assay. Immunofluorescence images and western blot analysed the expression of Notch or epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway markers. Xenografts were employed to evaluate the chemosensitization effect of ZLDI-8 in vivo. RESULTS We found that ZLDI-8 cell-specifically inhibited the proliferation of CRC, and this effect was due to abrogation of ADAM17 and Notch pathway. Meanwhile, we reported for the first time that ZLDI-8 synergistically improved the anti-tumour and anti-metastasis activity of 5-fluorouracil or irinotecan by reversing Notch and EMT pathways. Interestingly, in vivo studies further demonstrated that ZLDI-8 promoted the anti-tumour effect of 5-fluorouracil through Notch and EMT reversal. CONCLUSIONS A novel ADAM17 inhibitor ZLDI-8 may be a potential chemosensitizer which sensitized CRC cells to 5-fluorouracil or irinotecan by reversing Notch and EMT pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan‐Dan Li
- Department of PharmacyGeneral Hospital of Shenyang Military Area CommandShenyangChina
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Chang‐Hao Zhao
- College of PharmacyThe Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHeilongjiangChina
| | - Huai‐Wei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of EducationShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of PharmacyGeneral Hospital of Shenyang Military Area CommandShenyangChina
| | - Tian‐Shu Ren
- Department of PharmacyGeneral Hospital of Shenyang Military Area CommandShenyangChina
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of EducationShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Cong‐Qin Chen
- Department of PharmacyGeneral Hospital of Shenyang Military Area CommandShenyangChina
- Department of PharmacyLongyan First HospitalFujian Medical UniversityLongyanChina
| | - Qing‐Chun Zhao
- Department of PharmacyGeneral Hospital of Shenyang Military Area CommandShenyangChina
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39
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Overcoming stemness and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer through miR-195-5p-modulated inhibition of notch signaling. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:445-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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40
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Chiappara G, Sciarrino S, Di Sano C, Gallina S, Speciale R, Lorusso F, Di Vincenzo S, D'Anna C, Bruno A, Gjomarkaj M, Pace E. Notch-1 signaling activation sustains overexpression of interleukin 33 in the epithelium of nasal polyps. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4582-4596. [PMID: 30259982 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the nasal epithelial barrier homeostasis and increased interleukin 33 (IL-33) expression contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). AIMS As Notch-1 signaling is crucial in repair processes of mucosa, the current study assessed Notch-1/Jagged-1 signaling and IL-33 in the epithelium of nasal polyps biopsies from allergic (A-CRSwNP; n = 9) and not allergic (NA-CRSwNP; n = 9) subjects by immunohistochemistry. We also assessed, in a model of nasal epithelial cells, the effects of stimulation of Notch-1 with Jagged-1 on the expression of IL-33 (by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and immunocytochemistry), Jagged-1 (by flow cytometry), and p-CREB transcription factor (by western blot analysis). RESULTS Ex vivo (a) in normal epithelium, the expression of Notch-1 and IL-33 were higher in NA-CRSwNP than in A-CRSwNP; (b) in metaplastic epithelium, the expression of Notch-1, Jagged-1, and IL-33 were higher in NA-CRSwNP than in A-CRSwNP; (c) in hyperplastic epithelium, the expression of Notch-1, Jagged-1, and IL-33 were higher in A-CRSwNP than in NA-CRSwNP; and (d) in basal epithelial cells, no differences were observed in the expression of Jagged-1, IL-33, and Notch-1. The expression of Notch-1 significantly correlated with the expression of IL-33. In vitro, stimulation of Notch-1 with Jagged-1 induced the expression of (a) Jagged-1; (b) IL-33; and (c) p-CREB transcription factor. The inhibitor of Notch-1, DAPT, reduced all the effects of Jagged-1 on nasal epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS The data herein provided support, for the first time, a putative role of Notch-1/Jagged-1 signaling in the overexpression of IL-33 in the epithelium of nasal polyps from patients with CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chiappara
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Sciarrino
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Di Sano
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Gallina
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Otorinolaringoiatria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - R Speciale
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Otorinolaringoiatria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - F Lorusso
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Otorinolaringoiatria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Di Vincenzo
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - C D'Anna
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Bruno
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Gjomarkaj
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Pace
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
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Yu Y, Blokhuis B, Derks Y, Kumari S, Garssen J, Redegeld F. Human mast cells promote colon cancer growth via bidirectional crosstalk: studies in 2D and 3D coculture models. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1504729. [PMID: 30377568 PMCID: PMC6205014 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1504729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation drives the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), where tumor-infiltrating immune cells interact with cancer cells in a dynamic crosstalk. Mast cells (MC), one of earliest recruited immune cells, accumulate in CRC tissues and their density is correlated with cancer progression. However, the exact contribution of MC in CRC and their interaction with colon cancer cells is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impact of primary human MC and their mediators on colon cancer growth using 2D and 3D coculture models. Primary human MC were generated from peripheral CD34+ stem cells. Transwell chambers were used to analyze MC chemotaxis to colon cancer. Colon cancer cells HT29 and Caco2 differentially recruited MC by releasing CCL15 or SCF, respectively. Using BrdU proliferation assays, we demonstrated that MC can directly support colon cancer proliferation and this effect was mediated by their cellular crosstalk. 3D coculture models with cancer spheroids further confirmed the pro-tumor effect of MC on colon cancer growth, where direct cell-cell contact is dispensable and increased production of multiple soluble mediators was detected. Moreover, TLR2 stimulation of MC promoted stronger growth of colon cancer spheroids. By examining the transcriptome profile of colon cancer-cocultured MC versus control MC, we identified several MC marker genes, which were deregulated in expression. Our study provides an advanced in vitro model to investigate the role of human MC in cancer. Our data support the detrimental role of MC in CRC development and provide a molecular insight into the cellular crosstalk between MC and colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Yu
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Blokhuis
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Derks
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sangeeta Kumari
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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42
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Trabelsi N, Setti Boubaker N, Said R, Ouerhani S. Notch Pathway: Bioinformatic Analysis of Related Transcription Factors within Bladder Cancer Types and Subtypes. Ing Rech Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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43
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Tarasiuk A, Mosińska P, Fichna J. The mechanisms linking obesity to colon cancer: An overview. Obes Res Clin Pract 2018; 12:251-259. [PMID: 29428365 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, characterised as a chronic low-grade inflammation is a crucial risk factor for colon cancer. The expansion of the adipose tissue is related to elevated triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and hyperinsulinemia, which all are presumed mediators of the tumour development. Obesity is also believed to support carcinogenesis by activating the insulin/IGF-1 pathway. Moreover, obesity increases the level of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g. TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6) and has a significant impact on selected adipokines. This paper briefly outlines the latest evidence of the linkage between the obesity and colon cancer and discusses its possible implication for the improvement of anticancer prevention and treatment strategies connected with nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Tarasiuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Paula Mosińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
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44
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Mericli F, Becer E, Kabadayı H, Hanoglu A, Yigit Hanoglu D, Ozkum Yavuz D, Ozek T, Vatansever S. Fatty acid composition and anticancer activity in colon carcinoma cell lines of Prunus dulcis seed oil. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1239-1248. [PMID: 28262033 PMCID: PMC6130748 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1296003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Almond oil is used in traditional and complementary therapies for its numerous health benefits due to high unsaturated fatty acids content. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the composition and in vitro anticancer activity of almond oil from Northern Cyprus and compared with almond oil from Turkey. MATERIALS AND METHODS Almond oil from Northern Cyprus was obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction and analyzed by GC-MS. Almond oil of Turkey was provided from Turkish pharmacies. Different concentrations of almond oils were incubated for 24 and 48 h with Colo-320 and Colo-741 cells. Cell growth and cytotoxicity were measured by MTT assays. Anticancer and antiprolifetarive activities of almond oils were investigated by immunocytochemistry using antibodies directed against to BMP-2, β-catenin, Ki-67, LGR-5 and Jagged 1. RESULTS Oleic acid (77.8%; 75.3%), linoleic acid (13.5%; 15.8%), palmitic acid (7.4%; 6.3%), were determined as the major compounds of almond oil from Northern Cyprus and Turkey, respectively. In the MTT assay, both almond oils were found to be active against Colo-320 and Colo-741 cells with 1:1 dilution for both 24 h and 48 h. As a result of immunohistochemical staining, while both almond oils exhibited significant antiproliferative and anticancer activity, these activities were more similar in Colo-320 cells which were treated with Northern Cyprus almond oil. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Almond oil from Northern Cyprus and Turkey may have anticancer and antiproliferative effects on colon cancer cells through molecular signalling pathways and, thus, they could be potential novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Mericli
- Department of Pharmacognosy-Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Eda Becer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Hilal Kabadayı
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Azmi Hanoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Duygu Yigit Hanoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Dudu Ozkum Yavuz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Temel Ozek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Seda Vatansever
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
- Experimental Health Research Center of Health Sciences, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
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Xu L, Li H, Su L, Lu Q, Liu Z. MicroRNA-455 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion of epithelial ovarian cancer by directly targeting Notch1. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9777-9785. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Inder S, O'Rourke S, McDermott N, Manecksha R, Finn S, Lynch T, Marignol L. The Notch-3 receptor: A molecular switch to tumorigenesis? Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 60:69-76. [PMID: 28889086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Notch pathway is a highly conserved pathway increasingly implicated with the progression of human cancers. Of the four existing receptors associated with the pathway, the deregulation in the expression of the Notch-3 receptor is associated with more aggressive disease and poor prognosis. Selective targeting of this receptor has the potential to enhance current anti-cancer treatments. Molecular profiling strategies are increasingly incorporated into clinical decision making. This review aims to evaluate the clinical potential of Notch-3 within this new era of personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Inder
- Translational Radiobiology and Molecular Oncology, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Urology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead O'Rourke
- Translational Radiobiology and Molecular Oncology, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh McDermott
- Translational Radiobiology and Molecular Oncology, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Stephen Finn
- Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Lynch
- Department of Urology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laure Marignol
- Translational Radiobiology and Molecular Oncology, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Jin H, Chen L, Wang S, Chao D. Portulaca oleracea extract can inhibit nodule formation of colon cancer stem cells by regulating gene expression of the Notch signal transduction pathway. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317708699. [PMID: 28714363 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317708699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether Portulaca oleracea extract affects tumor formation in colon cancer stem cells and its chemotherapy sensitivity. In addition, to analyze associated genetic changes within the Notch signal transduction pathway. Serum-free cultures of colon cancer cells (HT-29) and HT-29 cancer stem cells were treated with the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil to assess sensitivity. Injections of the stem cells were also given to BALB/c mice to confirm tumor growth and note its characteristics. In addition, the effect of different concentrations of P. oleracea extract was tested on the growth of HT-29 colon cancer cells and HT-29 cancer stem cells, as determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. The effects of P. oleracea extract on the expression of β-catenin, Notch1, and Notch2 in the HT-29 cells were studied using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The tumor volume of the HT29 cells was two times larger than that of HT29 cancer stem cells. Treatment with P. oleracea extract inhibited the proliferation of both HT-29 cancer cells and HT-29 cancer stem cells at doses from 0.07 to 2.25 µg/mL. Apoptosis of HT-29 cancer cells and HT-29 cancer stem cells was assessed by flow cytometry; it was enhanced by the addition of P. oleracea extract. Finally, treatment with P. oleracea extract significantly downregulated the expression of the Notch1 and β-catenin genes in both cell types. The results of this study show that P. oleracea extract inhibits the growth of colon cancer stem cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it inhibits the expression of the Notch1 and β-catenin genes. Taken together, this suggests that it may elicit its effects through regulatory and target genes that mediate the Notch signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiying Jin
- 1 Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Chen
- 2 Department of Biological Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Shuiming Wang
- 3 Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Deng Chao
- 3 Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Vaish V, Kim J, Shim M. Jagged-2 (JAG2) enhances tumorigenicity and chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53262-53275. [PMID: 28881809 PMCID: PMC5581108 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Recent studies have stated that NOTCH signaling plays an important role in the development and progression of CRC. However, the role of Jagged-2 (JAG2), one of the NOTCH ligands, has not been delineated in colorectal tumorigenesis and drug resistance. In the present study, we have examined the impact of targeting JAG2 on CRC cells. Among all the members of NOTCH ligands, only the expression of JAG2 was found up-regulated in the intestinal tumors of Apc Min /+ mice as compared to the nearby normal mucosa. JAG2 expression was also observed in a panel of human CRC cell lines. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of β-catenin in CRC cell lines suppressed JAG2 expression, suggesting Wnt/β-catenin regulation of JAG2 expression. In addition, deletion of Apc gene in the intestinal cells of Apc conditional knockout mice resulted in up-regulation of JAG2 expression. Modulation of JAG2 expression significantly affected in vivo tumorigenicity of CRC cell lines. Moreover, knockdown of JAG2 sensitized CRC cells to chemotherapeutic agents, while ectopic expression of JAG2 increased chemoresistance of the CRC cells. Significant down-regulation of p21 was observed in JAG2-knockdown cells. Forced expression of p21 rescued the sensitivity of JAG2-knockdown cells to doxorubicin. In addition, the chemosensitivity of p21-null cells was not affected by JAG2 knockdown. These results suggest that JAG2 modulates the sensitivity of CRC cells to chemotherapeutic agents through p21. Our study identifies JAG2 as a novel target for therapeutic intervention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Vaish
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208 USA.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208 USA.,Present address: Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411 007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Joohwee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208 USA.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208 USA
| | - Minsub Shim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208 USA.,Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208 USA
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Mu Y, Zou H, Chen B, Fan Y, Luo S. FAM83D knockdown regulates proliferation, migration and invasion of colorectal cancer through inhibiting FBXW7/Notch-1 signalling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:548-554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Li J, Xue W, Lv J, Han P, Liu Y, Cui B. Identification of potential long non-coding RNA biomarkers associated with the progression of colon cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75834-75843. [PMID: 29100272 PMCID: PMC5652666 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested that dysregulated lncRNA expression played important roles in the development and progression of human cancers. Although prognostic roles of lncRNAs have been recognized for colon cancer (CC) patients, the search for novel lncRNA biomarkers potentially involved in CC progression is an urgent and still largely unmet medical need. In this study, we evaluated the lncRNA expression changes during the progression of CC by analyzing two cohorts of previously published expression profiles of CC patients and identified hundreds of differentially expressed lncRNAs. Then we identified eight lncRNAs that closely associated with the progression of CC patients from a large number of significantly altered lncRNAs using random forest supervised classification algorithm. Finally, an SVM-based lncRNA risk classifier was developed to discriminate high-risk CC patients from persons with early-stage and validated in both the training dataset and testing dataset by survival analysis and five-fold cross-validation strategy. Our pathway enrichment analysis based on protein-coding genes that are co-expressed with lncRNAs, suggested that variation in expression of eight lncRNAs biomarkers might affect critical pathways involved in CC progression. With further validation, these eight lncRNAs might have significant implications for the clinical management of CC patients with early stage and improve our understanding of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Weinan Xue
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Junli Lv
- Department of Science, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Binbin Cui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
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