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Ke R, Viswakarma N, Menhart M, Singh SK, Kumar S, Srivastava P, Vishnoi K, Kashyap T, Srivastava D, Nair RS, Maienschein-Cline M, Wang X, Rana A, Rana B. MLK3 promotes prooncogenic signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma via TGFβ pathway. Oncogene 2024:10.1038/s41388-024-03055-8. [PMID: 38858590 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal disease, with limited therapeutic options. Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 (MLK3) is a key regulator of liver diseases, although its role in HCC remains unclear. Analysis of TCGA databases suggested elevated MAP3K11 (MLK3 gene) expression, and TMA studies showed higher MLK3 activation in human HCCs. To understand MLK3's role in HCC, we utlized carcinogen-induced HCC model and compared between wild-type and MLK3 knockout (MLK3-/-) mice. Our studies showed that MLK3 kinase activity is upregulated in HCC, and MLK3 deficiency alleviates HCC progression. MLK3 deficiency reduced proliferation in vivo and MLK3 inhibition reduced proliferation and colony formation in vitro. To obtain further insight into the mechanism and identify newer targets mediating MLK3-induced HCCs, RNA-sequencing analysis was performed. These showed that MLK3 deficiency modulates various gene signatures, including EMT, and reduces TGFB1&2 expressions. HCC cells overexpressing MLK3 promoted EMT via autocrine TGFβ signaling. Moreover, MLK3 deficiency attenuated activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) signature, which is increased in wild-type. Interestingly, MLK3 promotes HSC activation via paracrine TGFβ signaling. These findings reveal TGFβ playing a key role at different steps of HCC, downstream of MLK3, implying MLK3-TGFβ axis to be an ideal drug target for advanced HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ke
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- O2M Technologies, LLC, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mary Menhart
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Piush Srivastava
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kanchan Vishnoi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Tanushree Kashyap
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Deepti Srivastava
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rakesh Sathish Nair
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | | | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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2
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Gao J, Bao M, Xing Y, Ding Y, Han T, Wen E, Liu J, Yue S, Wang R, Wang L, Liu J, Zhao S, Huang J, Liu E, Bai L. Mediator subunit MED1 deficiency prevents carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G418-G428. [PMID: 37668531 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00076.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Mediator subunit mediator 1 (MED1) mediates ligand-dependent binding of the mediator coactivator complex to various nuclear receptors and plays a critical role in embryonic development, lipid and glucose metabolism, liver regeneration, and tumorigenesis. However, the precise role of MED1 in the development of liver fibrosis has been unclear. Here, we showed that MED1 expression was increased in livers from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients and mice and positively correlated with transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling and profibrotic factors. Upon treatment with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), hepatic fibrosis was much less in liver-specific MED1 deletion (MED1ΔLiv) mice than in MED1fl/fl littermates. TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway was inhibited, and gene expression of fibrotic markers, including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen type 1 α 1 (Col1a1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (Mmp2), and metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (Timp1) were decreased in livers of MED1ΔLiv mice with CCl4 injection. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in livers of CCl4-administered MED1ΔLiv mice were enriched in the pathway of oxidoreductase activity, followed by robustly reduced oxidoreductase activity-related genes, such as Gm4756, Txnrd3, and Etfbkmt. More importantly, we found that the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MED1 knockdown hepatocytes blocked the activation of TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway and the expression of fibrotic genes in LX2 cells. These results indicate that MED1 is a positive regulator for hepatic fibrogenesis, and MED1 may be considered as a potential therapeutic target for the regression of liver fibrosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we present the first evidence that liver mediator 1 (MED1) deficiency attenuated carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in mouse. The underlying mechanism is that MED1 deficiency reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in hepatocytes, thus restricts the activation of TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway and fibrogenic genes expression in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). These data suggest that MED1 is an essential regulator for hepatic fibrogenesis, and MED1 may be considered as a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- School of Biological Science Technology and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaoye Bao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Xing
- Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Ding
- Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuo Han
- Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ergang Wen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyun Yue
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Biological Science Technology and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Enqi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Bai
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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3
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Yang Z, Liu Y, Cheng Q, Chen T. Targeting super enhancers for liver disease: a review. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14780. [PMID: 36726725 PMCID: PMC9885865 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Super enhancers (SEs) refer to the ultralong regions of a gene accompanied by multiple transcription factors and cofactors and strongly drive the expression of cell-type-related genes. Recent studies have demonstrated that SEs play crucial roles in regulating gene expression related to cell cycle progression and transcription. Aberrant activation of SEs is closely related to the occurrence and development of liver disease. Liver disease, especially liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), constitutes a major class of diseases that seriously endanger human health. Currently, therapeutic strategies targeting SEs can dramatically prevent disease progression and improve the prognosis of animal models. The associated new approaches to the treatment of related liver disease are relatively new and need systematic elaboration. Objectives In this review, we elaborate on the features of SEs and discuss their function in liver disease. Additionally, we review their application prospects in clinical practice in the future. The article would be of interest to hepatologists, molecular biologists, clinicians, and all those concerned with targeted therapy and prognosis of liver disease. Methodology We searched three bibliographic databases (Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, PubMed) from 01/1981 to 06/2022 for peer-reviewed scientific publications focused on (1) gene treatment of liver disease; (2) current status of SE research; and (3) targeting SEs for liver disease. We included English language original studies only. Results The number of published studies considering the role of enhancers in liver disease is considerable. Since SEs were just defined in 2013, the corresponding data on SEs are scarce: approximately 50 papers found in bibliographic databases on the correlation between enhancers (or SEs) and liver disease. Remarkably, half of these papers were published in the past three years, indicating the growing interest of the scientific community in this issue. Studies have shown that treatments targeting components of SEs can improve outcomes in liver disease in animal and clinical trials. Conclusions The treatment of liver disease is facing a bottleneck, and new treatments are needed. Therapeutic regimens targeting SEs have an important role in the treatment of liver disease. However, given the off-target effect of gene therapy and the lack of clinical trials, the available experimental data are still fragmented and controversial.
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4
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Jiao A, Liu H, Ding R, Zheng H, Zhang C, Feng Z, Lei L, Wang X, Su Y, Yang X, Sun C, Zhang L, Bai L, Sun L, Zhang B. Med1 Controls Effector CD8+ T Cell Differentiation and Survival through C/EBPβ-Mediated Transcriptional Control of T-bet. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:855-863. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Effector CD8+ T cells are crucial players in adaptive immunity for effective protection against invading pathogens. The regulatory mechanisms underlying CD8+ T cell effector differentiation are incompletely understood. In this study, we defined a critical role of mediator complex subunit 1 (Med1) in controlling effector CD8+ T cell differentiation and survival during acute bacterial infection. Mice with Med1-deficient CD8+ T cells exhibited significantly impaired expansion with evidently reduced killer cell lectin-like receptor G1+ terminally differentiated and Ly6c+ effector cell populations. Moreover, Med1 deficiency led to enhanced cell apoptosis and expression of multiple inhibitory receptors (programmed cell death 1, T cell Ig and mucin domain–containing-3, and T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains). RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that T-bet– and Zeb2-mediated transcriptional programs were impaired in Med1-deficient CD8+ T cells. Overexpression of T-bet could rescue the differentiation and survival of Med1-deficient CD8+ effector T cells. Mechanistically, the transcription factor C/EBPβ promoted T-bet expression through interacting with Med1 in effector T cells. Collectively, our findings revealed a novel role of Med1 in regulating effector CD8+ T cell differentiation and survival in response to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjun Jiao
- *Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- †Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- ‡Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- §Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- *Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- †Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Renyi Ding
- *Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- †Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Zheng
- *Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- †Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cangang Zhang
- *Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- †Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhao Feng
- *Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- †Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Lei
- *Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- †Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- ‡Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- §Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- *Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- †Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- ‡Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- §Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- *Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- †Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- *Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- †Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- ‡Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- §Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenming Sun
- *Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- †Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- ‡Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- §Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- ¶Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- ‖Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and
| | - Liang Bai
- #Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lina Sun
- *Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- †Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- ‡Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- §Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- *Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- †Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- ‡Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- §Xi’an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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5
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Aibara D, Takahashi S, Yagai T, Kim D, Brocker CN, Levi M, Matsusue K, Gonzalez FJ. Gene repression through epigenetic modulation by PPARA enhances hepatocellular proliferation. iScience 2022; 25:104196. [PMID: 35479397 PMCID: PMC9036120 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARA) is a key mediator of lipid metabolism and inflammation. Activation of PPARA in rodents causes hepatocyte proliferation, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. This study focused on genes repressed by PPARA and analyzed the mechanism by which PPARA promotes hepatocyte proliferation in mice. Activation of PPARA by agonist treatment was autoregulated, and induced expression of the epigenetic regulator UHRF1 via activation of the newly described PPARA target gene E2f8, which, in turn, regulates Uhrf1. UHRF1 strongly repressed the expression of CDH1 via methylation of the Cdh1 promoter marked with H3K9me3. Repression of CDH1 by PPARA activation was reversed by PPARA deficiency or knockdown of E2F8 or UHRF1. Furthermore, a forced expression of CDH1 inhibited expression of the Wnt signaling target genes such as Myc after PPARA activation, and suppressed hepatocyte hyperproliferation. These results demonstrate that the PPARA-E2F8-UHRF1-CDH1 axis causes epigenetic regulation of hepatocyte proliferation. PPARA activation induces the UHRF1 expression via novel PPARA target gene E2f8 Induction of UHRF1 by PPARA activation represses Cdh1 gene marked with H3K9me3 CDH1 suppresses hepatocyte proliferation after PPARA activation Autoinduction of PPARA by agonist enhances cell proliferation via E2F8-UHRF1-CDH1
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Aibara
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Tomoki Yagai
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chad N. Brocker
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Kimihiko Matsusue
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author
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6
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Lei L, Yang X, Su Y, Zheng H, Liu J, Liu H, Zou Y, Jiao A, Wang X, Zhang C, Zhang X, Zhang J, Zhang D, Zhou X, Shi L, Liu E, Bai L, Sun C, Zhang B. Med1 controls CD8 T cell maintenance through IL-7R-mediated cell survival signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4870-4876. [PMID: 33733611 PMCID: PMC8107092 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Under steady‐state conditions, the pool size of peripheral CD8+ T cells is maintained through turnover and survival. Beyond TCR and IL‐7R signals, the underlying mechanisms are less well understood. In the present study, we found a significant reduction of CD8+ T cell proportion in spleens but not in thymi of mice with T cell‐specific deletion of Mediator Subunit 1 (Med1). A competitive transfer of wild‐type (WT) and Med1‐deficient CD8+ T cells reproduced the phenotype in the same recipients and confirmed intrinsic role of Med1. Furthermore, we observed a comparable degree of migration and proliferation but a significant increase of cell death in Med1‐deficient CD8+ T cells compared with WT counterparts. Finally, Med1‐deficient CD8+ T cells exhibited a decreased expression of interleukin‐7 receptor α (IL‐7Rα), down‐regulation of phosphorylated‐STAT5 (pSTAT5) and Bim up‐regulation. Collectively, our study reveals a novel role of Med1 in the maintenance of CD8+ T cells through IL‐7Rα/STAT5 pathway‐mediated cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Huiqiang Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujing Zou
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingzhe Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Bai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenming Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, China
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7
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Liu J, Zhu J, Zhang X, Jia Y, Lee X, Gao Z. Hsa-miR-637 inhibits human hepatocyte proliferation by targeting Med1-interacting proteins. LIVER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Khan H, Ullah H, Nabavi SM. Mechanistic insights of hepatoprotective effects of curcumin: Therapeutic updates and future prospects. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 124:182-191. [PMID: 30529260 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the most essential organ of the body performing vital functions. Hepatic disorders affect the physiological and biochemical functions of the body. These disorders include hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver cirrhosis, hepatic failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Drugs related hepatotoxicity is one of the major challenges facing by clinicians as it is a leading cause of liver failure. During post-marketing surveillance studies, detection and reporting of drug-induced hepatotoxicity may lead to drug withdrawal or warnings. Several mechanisms are involved in hepatotoxicity such as cell membrane disruption, initiating an immune response, alteration of cellular pathways of drug metabolism, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and cell death. Curcumin, the active ingredient of turmeric and exhibits therapeutic potential for the treatment of diabetes, cardiovascular disorders and various types of cancers. Curcumin is strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and thus it possesses hepatoprotective properties. Despite its low bioavailability, its hepatoprotective effects have been studied in various protocols of hepatotoxicity including acetaminophen, alcohol, lindane, carbon tetrachloride (CCL4), diethylnitrosamine and heavy metals induced hepatotoxicities. This report reviews the hepatoprotective effects of curcumin with a focus on its mechanistic insights in various hepatotoxic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Seyed M Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Kumar V, Bhatt PC, Rahman M, Kaithwas G, Choudhry H, Al-Abbasi FA, Anwar F, Verma A. Fabrication, optimization, and characterization of umbelliferone β-D-galactopyranoside-loaded PLGA nanoparticles in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: in vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6747-6758. [PMID: 28932118 PMCID: PMC5600267 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s136629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbelliferone β-D-galactopyranoside (UFG), isolated from plants, exhibits promising inhibitory action on numerous diseases. The present research was initiated to develop a suitable delivery system for UFG with an intention to enhance its therapeutic efficacy against diethyl nitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Wistar rats. UFG-loaded polymeric nanoparticles prepared by sonication were scrutinized for average size, drug loading capacity, zeta potential, and drug release potency in animals. HCC cell lines HuH-7 and Hep G2 were used for in vitro cytotoxic investigation. Several hepatic, nonhepatic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory biochemical parameters were estimated to establish the anticancer potential of UFG nanoformulation. Microscopical and histopathological investigations were also undertaken to substantiate the results of our work. Umbelliferone β-D-galactopyranoside-loaded poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (UFG-PLGA-NP) with particle size of 187.1 nm and polydispersity index 0.16 were uniform in nature with 82.5% release of the total amount of drug after 48 h. Our study successfully established the development and characterization of UFG-PLGA-NP with noticeable effect against both in vivo and in vitro models. The anticancer potential of UFG-PLGA-NP was brought about by the management of DEN-induced reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, proinflammatory cytokines alteration, and induction of apoptosis. Positive zeta potential on the surface of UFG-PLGA-NP would have possibly offered higher hepatic accumulation of UFG, particularly in the electron-dense mitochondria organelles, and this was the take-home message from this study. Our results demonstrated that such polymer-loaded delivery systems of UFG can be a better option and can be further explored to improve the clinical outcomes against hepatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prakash Chandra Bhatt
- Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Microbial and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahfoozur Rahman
- Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (Central University), Vidya Vihar, Rai Bareli Road, Lucknow, India
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amita Verma
- Bio-organic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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10
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Jia Y, Chang HC, Schipma MJ, Liu J, Shete V, Liu N, Sato T, Thorp EB, Barger PM, Zhu YJ, Viswakarma N, Kanwar YS, Ardehali H, Thimmapaya B, Reddy JK. Cardiomyocyte-Specific Ablation of Med1 Subunit of the Mediator Complex Causes Lethal Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160755. [PMID: 27548259 PMCID: PMC4993490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediator, an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex consisting of about 30 subunits, is a key component of the polymerase II mediated gene transcription. Germline deletion of the Mediator subunit 1 (Med1) of the Mediator in mice results in mid-gestational embryonic lethality with developmental impairment of multiple organs including heart. Here we show that cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Med1 in mice (csMed1-/-) during late gestational and early postnatal development by intercrossing Med1fl/fl mice to α-MyHC-Cre transgenic mice results in lethality within 10 days after weaning due to dilated cardiomyopathy-related ventricular dilation and heart failure. The csMed1-/- mouse heart manifests mitochondrial damage, increased apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis. Global gene expression analysis revealed that loss of Med1 in heart down-regulates more than 200 genes including Acadm, Cacna1s, Atp2a2, Ryr2, Pde1c, Pln, PGC1α, and PGC1β that are critical for calcium signaling, cardiac muscle contraction, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor regulated energy metabolism. Many genes essential for oxidative phosphorylation and proper mitochondrial function such as genes coding for the succinate dehydrogenase subunits of the mitochondrial complex II are also down-regulated in csMed1-/- heart contributing to myocardial injury. Data also showed up-regulation of about 180 genes including Tgfb2, Ace, Atf3, Ctgf, Angpt14, Col9a2, Wisp2, Nppa, Nppb, and Actn1 that are linked to cardiac muscle contraction, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis and myocardial injury. Furthermore, we demonstrate that cardiac specific deletion of Med1 in adult mice using tamoxifen-inducible Cre approach (TmcsMed1-/-), results in rapid development of cardiomyopathy and death within 4 weeks. We found that the key findings of the csMed1-/- studies described above are highly reproducible in TmcsMed1-/- mouse heart. Collectively, these observations suggest that Med1 plays a critical role in the maintenance of heart function impacting on multiple metabolic, compensatory and reparative pathways with a likely therapeutic potential in the management of heart failure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/genetics
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1/genetics
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1/metabolism
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Energy Metabolism
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genes, Lethal
- Gestational Age
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Mediator Complex Subunit 1/deficiency
- Mediator Complex Subunit 1/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Myocardial Contraction
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors/genetics
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/genetics
- Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/metabolism
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/genetics
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Jia
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hsiang-Chun Chang
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Schipma
- Next Generation Sequencing Core Facility, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Varsha Shete
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Edward B. Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Philip M. Barger
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Yi-Jun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yashpal S. Kanwar
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hossein Ardehali
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bayar Thimmapaya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JKR); (BT)
| | - Janardan K. Reddy
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JKR); (BT)
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11
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Yuan J, Jiang B, Zhang A, Qian Y, Tan H, Gao J, Shao C, Gong Y. Accelerated hepatocellular carcinoma development in CUL4B transgenic mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15209-21. [PMID: 25945838 PMCID: PMC4558146 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cullin 4B (CUL4B) is a component of the Cullin 4B-Ring E3 ligase (CRL4B) complex that functions in proteolysis and in epigenetic regulation. CUL4B possesses tumor-promoting properties and is markedly upregulated in many types of human cancers. To determine the role of CUL4B in liver tumorigenesis, we generated transgenic mice that expressed human CUL4B in livers and other tissues and evaluated the development of spontaneous and chemically-induced hepatocellular carcinomas. We observed that CUL4B transgenic mice spontaneously developed liver tumors at a high incidence at old ages and exhibited enhanced DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. There was a high proliferation rate in the livers of CUL4B transgenic mice that was accompanied by increased levels of Cdk1, Cdk4 and cyclin D1 and decreased level of p16. The transgenic mice also exhibited increased compensatory proliferation after DEN-induced liver injury, which was accompanied by activation of Akt, Erk, p38 and NF-κB. We also found that Prdx3 was downregulated and that DEN induced a higher level of reactive oxygen species in the livers of transgenic mice. Together, our results demonstrate a critical role of CUL4B in hepatocarcinogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jupeng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Baichun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Aizhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Life Science, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Haining Tan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiangang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Life Science, Jinan, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
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12
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Wang Y, Fukuda T, Isaji T, Lu J, Im S, Hang Q, Gu W, Hou S, Ohtsubo K, Gu J. Loss of α1,6-fucosyltransferase inhibits chemical-induced hepatocellular carcinoma and tumorigenesis by down-regulating several cell signaling pathways. FASEB J 2015; 29:3217-27. [PMID: 25873065 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-270710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Up-regulation of core fucosylation catalyzed by α1,6-fucosyltransferase (Fut8) has been observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, to explore the role of Fut8 expression in hepatocarcinogensis, we established the chemical-induced HCC models in the male wild-type (WT; Fut8(+/+)), hetero (Fut8(+/-)), and knockout (KO; Fut8(-/-)) mice by use of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and pentobarbital (PB). In the Fut8(+/+) and Fut8(+/-) mice, multiple large and vascularized nodules were induced with an increased expression of Fut8 after DEN and PB treatment. However, the formation of HCC in Fut8(-/-) mice was suppressed almost completely. This potent inhibitory effect of Fut8 deficiency on tumorigenesis was also confirmed by the abolished tumor formation of Fut8 KO human hepatoma cell line cells by use of a xenograft tumor model. Furthermore, loss of the Fut8 gene resulted in attenuated responses to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the HepG2 cell line, which provides the possible mechanisms for the contribution of Fut8 to hepatocarcinogensis. Taken together, our study clearly demonstrated that core fucosylation acts as a critical functional modulator in the liver and implicated Fut8 as a prognostic marker, as well as a novel, therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wang
- *Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; and Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Fukuda
- *Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; and Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Tomoya Isaji
- *Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; and Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Jishun Lu
- *Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; and Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Sanghun Im
- *Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; and Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Qinglei Hang
- *Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; and Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Wei Gu
- *Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; and Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Sicong Hou
- *Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; and Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ohtsubo
- *Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; and Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Jianguo Gu
- *Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; and Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
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13
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Jiang C, Chen H, Shao L, Wang Q. MicroRNA-1 functions as a potential tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma by targeting Med1 and Med31. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1249-56. [PMID: 24969180 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) has been shown to function as a critical gene regulator in multiple types of cancers. However, the role of miR-1 in osteosarcoma has not been totally clarified. In the present study, we investigated the effects of miR-1 on osteosarcoma and the underlying mechanism. We found that miR-1 was downregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and osteosarcoma cell lines. Restoration of miR-1 significantly suppressed osteosarcoma cell proliferation by inhibiting cell cycle progression. Mediator complex subunit 1 (Med1) and 31 (Med31) were validated as targets of miR-1 in osteosarcoma by luciferase reporter assay. Downregulation of Med1 and Med31 suppressed the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells, and overexpression of Med1 and Med31 abrogated the effects of miR-1 on cell proliferation. Furthermore, both miR-1 and knockdown of Med1 or Med31 reduced the expression of met proto-oncogene (MET) and blocked the downstream signaling of MET responding to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that Med1 and Med31 serve as potential gene therapeutic targets in osteosarcoma and miR-1 may prove to be a promising agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyin Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Lei Shao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Qiaojie Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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14
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Misra P, Reddy JK. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α activation and excess energy burning in hepatocarcinogenesis. Biochimie 2014; 98:63-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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15
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Jia Y, Viswakarma N, Reddy JK. Med1 subunit of the mediator complex in nuclear receptor-regulated energy metabolism, liver regeneration, and hepatocarcinogenesis. Gene Expr 2014; 16:63-75. [PMID: 24801167 PMCID: PMC4093800 DOI: 10.3727/105221614x13919976902219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several nuclear receptors regulate diverse metabolic functions that impact on critical biological processes, such as development, differentiation, cellular regeneration, and neoplastic conversion. In the liver, some members of the nuclear receptor family, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), liver X receptor (LXR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and others, regulate energy homeostasis, the formation and excretion of bile acids, and detoxification of xenobiotics. Excess energy burning resulting from increases in fatty acid oxidation systems in liver generates reactive oxygen species, and the resulting oxidative damage influences liver regeneration and liver tumor development. These nuclear receptors are important sensors of exogenous activators as well as receptor-specific endogenous ligands. In this regard, gene knockout mouse models revealed that some lipid-metabolizing enzymes generate PPARα-activating ligands, while others such as ACOX1 (fatty acyl-CoA oxidase1) inactivate these endogenous PPARα activators. In the absence of ACOX1, the unmetabolized ACOX1 substrates cause sustained activation of PPARα, and the resulting increase in energy burning leads to hepatocarcinogenesis. Ligand-activated nuclear receptors recruit the multisubunit Mediator complex for RNA polymerase II-dependent gene transcription. Evidence indicates that the Med1 subunit of the Mediator is essential for PPARα, PPARγ, CAR, and GR signaling in liver. Med1 null hepatocytes fail to respond to PPARα activators in that these cells do not show induction of peroxisome proliferation and increases in fatty acid oxidation enzymes. Med1-deficient hepatocytes show no increase in cell proliferation and do not give rise to liver tumors. Identification of nuclear receptor-specific coactivators and Mediator subunits should further our understanding of the complexities of metabolic diseases associated with increased energy combustion in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Jia
- *Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- †Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Janardan K. Reddy
- *Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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16
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Viswakarma N, Jia Y, Bai L, Gao Q, Lin B, Zhang X, Misra P, Rana A, Jain S, Gonzalez FJ, Zhu YJ, Thimmapaya B, Reddy JK. The Med1 subunit of the mediator complex induces liver cell proliferation and is phosphorylated by AMP kinase. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:27898-911. [PMID: 23943624 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.486696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediator, a large multisubunit protein complex, plays a pivotal role in gene transcription by linking gene-specific transcription factors with the preinitiation complex and RNA polymerase II. In the liver, the key subunit of the Mediator complex, Med1, interacts with several nuclear receptors and transcription factors to direct gene-specific transcription. Conditional knock-out of Med1 in the liver showed that hepatocytes lacking Med1 did not regenerate following either partial hepatectomy or treatment with certain nuclear receptor activators and failed to give rise to tumors when challenged with carcinogens. We now report that the adenovirally driven overexpression of Med1 in mouse liver stimulates hepatocyte DNA synthesis with enhanced expression of DNA replication, cell cycle control, and liver-specific genes, indicating that Med1 alone is necessary and sufficient for liver cell proliferation. Importantly, we demonstrate that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important cellular energy sensor, interacts with, and directly phosphorylates, Med1 in vitro at serine 656, serine 756, and serine 796. AMPK also phosphorylates Med1 in vivo in mouse liver and in cultured primary hepatocytes and HEK293 and HeLa cells. In addition, we demonstrate that PPARα activators increase AMPK-mediated Med1 phosphorylation in vivo. Inhibition of AMPK by compound C decreased hepatocyte proliferation induced by Med1 and also by the PPARα activators fenofibrate and Wy-14,643. Co-treatment with compound C attenuated PPARα activator-inducible fatty acid β-oxidation in liver. Our results suggest that Med1 phosphorylation by its association with AMPK regulates liver cell proliferation and fatty acid oxidation, most likely as a downstream effector of PPARα and AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Viswakarma
- From the Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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17
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Awuah PK, Rhieu BH, Singh S, Misse A, Monga SPS. β-Catenin loss in hepatocytes promotes hepatocellular cancer after diethylnitrosamine and phenobarbital administration to mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39771. [PMID: 22761897 PMCID: PMC3382575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. β-Catenin, the central orchestrator of the canonical Wnt pathway and a known oncogene is paramount in HCC pathogenesis. Administration of phenobarbital (PB) containing water (0.05% w/v) as tumor promoter following initial injected intraperitoneal (IP) diethylnitrosamine (DEN) injection (5 µg/gm body weight) as a tumor inducer is commonly used model to study HCC in mice. Herein, nine fifteen-day male β-catenin knockout mice (KO) and fifteen wild-type littermate controls (WT) underwent DEN/PB treatment and were examined for hepatic tumorigenesis at eight months. Paradoxically, a significantly higher tumor burden was observed in KO (p<0.05). Tumors in KO were β-catenin and glutamine synthetase negative and HGF/Met, EGFR & IGFR signaling was unremarkable. A significant increase in PDGFRα and its ligand PDGF-CC leading to increased phosphotyrosine-720-PDGFRα was observed in tumor-bearing KO mice (p<0.05). Simultaneously, these livers displayed increased cell death, stellate cell activation, hepatic fibrosis and cell proliferation. Further, PDGF-CC significantly induced hepatoma cell proliferation especially following β-catenin suppression. Our studies also demonstrate that the utilized DEN/PB protocol in the WT C57BL/6 mice did not select for β-catenin gene mutations during hepatocarcinogenesis. Thus, DEN/PB enhanced HCC in mice lacking β-catenin in the liver may be due to their ineptness at regulating cell survival, leading to enhanced fibrosis and regeneration through PDGFRα activation. β-Catenin downregulation also made hepatoma cells more sensitive to receptor tyrosine kinases and thus may be exploited for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Kwaku Awuah
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Byung Han Rhieu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amalea Misse
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Satdarshan P. S. Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Oda Y, Hu L, Bul V, Elalieh H, Reddy JK, Bikle DD. Coactivator MED1 ablation in keratinocytes results in hair-cycling defects and epidermal alterations. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 132:1075-83. [PMID: 22189783 PMCID: PMC3400544 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator complex Mediator facilitates transcription of nuclear hormone receptors and other transcription factors. We have previously isolated the Mediator complex from primary keratinocytes as the vitamin D receptor interacting protein complex. We identified a role for Mediator in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation in cultured keratinocytes. Here, we investigated the in vivo role of Mediator by generating conditional null mice, where a critical subunit of the Mediator complex, MED1, is deleted from their keratinocytes. The MED1 ablation resulted in aberrant hair differentiation and cycling leading to hair loss. During the first hair follicle cycle, MED1 deletion resulted in a rapid regression of the hair follicles. Hair differentiation was reduced, and β-catenin/vitamin D receptor (VDR) regulated gene expression was dramatically decreased. In the subsequent adult hair cycle, MED1 ablation activated the initiation of hair follicle cycling. Shh signaling was increased, but terminal differentiation was not sufficient. Deletion of MED1 also caused hyper-proliferation of interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes, and increased the expression of epidermal differentiation markers. These results indicate that MED1 plays a critical role in regulating hair/epidermal proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Oda
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94121, USA.
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Unraveling framework of the ancestral Mediator complex in human diseases. Biochimie 2011; 94:579-87. [PMID: 21983542 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mediator (MED) is a fundamental component of the RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription machinery. This multiprotein complex plays a pivotal role in the regulation of eukaryotic mRNA synthesis. The yeast Mediator complex consists of 26 different subunits. Recent studies indicate additional pathogenic roles for Mediator, for example during transcription elongation and non-coding RNA production. Mediator subunits have been emerging also to have pathophysiological roles suggesting MED-dependent therapeutic targets involving in several diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic and neurological disorders.
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Liu WB, Ao L, Zhou ZY, Cui ZH, Zhou YH, Yuan XY, Xiang YL, Cao J, Liu JY. CpG island hypermethylation of multiple tumor suppressor genes associated with loss of their protein expression during rat lung carcinogenesis induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and diethylnitrosamine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 402:507-14. [PMID: 20970405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic mechanisms underlying the tumorigenesis caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrosamine compounds such as 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) are currently unknown. We reported previously that dynamic changes in DNA methylation occurred during MCA/DEN-induced rat lung carcinogenesis. Here, we used the same animal model to further study the evolution of methylation alterations in tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) DAPK1, FHIT, RASSF1A, and SOCS-3. We found that none of these genes were methylated in either normal or hyperplasia tissue. However, as the severity of the cancer progressed through squamous metaplasia and dysplasia to carcinoma in situ (CIS) and infiltrating carcinoma, so methylation became more prevalent. Particularly dramatic increases in the level of methylation, the average number of methylated genes, and the incidence of concurrent methylation in three genes were observed in CIS and infiltrating carcinoma. Similar but less profound changes were seen in squamous metaplasia and dysplasia. Furthermore, methylation status was closely correlated to loss of protein expression for these genes, with protein levels markedly declining along the continuum of carcinogenesis. These results suggest that progressive CpG island hypermethylation leading to inactivation of TSGs might be a vital molecular mechanism in the pathogenesis of MCA/DEN-induced multistep rat lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-bin Liu
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, Preventive Medical College, Third Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha, beta (also known as delta), and gamma function as sensors for fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives and control important metabolic pathways involved in the maintenance of energy balance. PPARs also regulate other diverse biological processes such as development, differentiation, inflammation, and neoplasia. In the nucleus, PPARs exist as heterodimers with retinoid X receptor-alpha bound to DNA with corepressor molecules. Upon ligand activation, PPARs undergo conformational changes that facilitate the dissociation of corepressor molecules and invoke a spatiotemporally orchestrated recruitment of transcription cofactors including coactivators and coactivator-associated proteins. While a given nuclear receptor regulates the expression of a prescribed set of target genes, coactivators are likely to influence the functioning of many regulators and thus affect the transcription of many genes. Evidence suggests that some of the coactivators such as PPAR-binding protein (PBP/PPARBP), thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein 220 (TRAP220), and mediator complex subunit 1 (MED1) may exert a broader influence on the functions of several nuclear receptors and their target genes. Investigations into the role of coactivators in the function of PPARs should strengthen our understanding of the complexities of metabolic diseases associated with energy metabolism.
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Pyper SR, Viswakarma N, Yu S, Reddy JK. PPARalpha: energy combustion, hypolipidemia, inflammation and cancer. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2010; 8:e002. [PMID: 20414453 PMCID: PMC2858266 DOI: 10.1621/nrs.08002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha, or NR1C1) is a nuclear hormone receptor activated by a structurally diverse array of synthetic chemicals known as peroxisome proliferators. Endogenous activation of PPARalpha in liver has also been observed in certain gene knockout mouse models of lipid metabolism, implying the existence of enzymes that either generate (synthesize) or degrade endogenous PPARalpha agonists. For example, substrates involved in fatty acid oxidation can function as PPARalpha ligands. PPARalpha serves as a xenobiotic and lipid sensor to regulate energy combustion, hepatic steatosis, lipoprotein synthesis, inflammation and liver cancer. Mainly, PPARalpha modulates the activities of all three fatty acid oxidation systems, namely mitochondrial and peroxisomal beta-oxidation and microsomal omega-oxidation, and thus plays a key role in energy expenditure. Sustained activation of PPARalpha by either exogenous or endogenous agonists leads to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma resulting from sustained oxidative and possibly endoplasmic reticulum stress and liver cell proliferation. PPARalpha requires transcription coactivator PPAR-binding protein (PBP)/mediator subunit 1(MED1) for its transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Janardan K. Reddy
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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