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Chen Z, Yang H, Ren Y, Yang Z, Huang J, Li C, Xiong Y, Yu B. Distinct roles of ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2: A pan-cancer analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1119534. [PMID: 36896172 PMCID: PMC9990624 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1119534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 proteins, encoded by ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 genes respectively, are the receptors of adiponectin secrected by adipose tissue. Increasing studies have identified the vital role of adipose tissue in various diseases, including cancers. Hence, there is an urgent need to explore the roles of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in cancers. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis for the roles of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 via several public databases, including expression differences, prognostic value, and the correlations with tumor microenvironment, epigenetic modification, and drug sensitivity. RESULTS Both ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 genes are dysregulated in most cancers, but their genomic alteration frequencies are low. In addition, they are also correlated with the prognosis of some cancers. Although they are not strongly correlated with tumor mutation burden (TMB) or microsatellite instability (MSI), ADIPOR1/2 genes display a significant association with cancer stemness, tumor immune microenvironment, immune checkpoint genes (especially CD274 and NRP1), and drug sensitivity. DISCUSSION ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 play critical roles in diverse cancers, and it is a potential strategy to treat tumors through targeting ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyuan Chen
- Central Laboratory of Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Orthopedics of Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huiqin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics of Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunfeng Ren
- Department of Orthopedics of Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ze Yang
- Department of Orthopedics of Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiazheng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics of Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics of Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics of Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Central Laboratory of Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Bin Yu,
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Tewari R, Dalal D, Rawat S, Malik A, Ghalaut V, Bajpai A. The altered levels of adiponectin - leptin as predictive biomarkers to estimate the severity of prostate cancer. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2022. [DOI: 10.51248/.v42i5.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Aim: Prostate is one of the commonest sites of malignancy affecting elderly male population & is increasingly becoming a significant public health issue especially in countries having aging population. We hypothesized that altered levels of adiponectin-leptins may be an underlying connection between incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) and aged matched males.
Materials and Methods: This study was designed to comparatively corelate circulating serum levels of adiponectin & leptin in 160 elderly patients with PCa to their serum levels in 160 healthy controls. The age and body mass index in all groups were dissimilar in case and control. Based on the Gleason score of 7, =7 >7, patients were further subdivided into low, intermediate, high grades of PCa, respectively.
Results: No significant statistical variance was identified in terms of age, Body mass index (BMI), Radom blood glucose, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol, creatinine, and BUN levels within the compared groups. In PCa patients’ group, concentration levels of serum adiponectin were significantly lower, and levels of serum leptin was significantly greater compared to healthy controls (P<0.001). Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive inverse association between PSA and adiponectin levels (r=0.285, P<0.001) and significant association between serum levels of PSA and leptin (r=0.285, P<0.001). Significant statistical correlation was also evident between BMI, PSA, TG, and leptin were whole group. However, there was no significant association observed between adiponectin or leptin level and grade of the disease.
Conclusion: Evaluation of data in our study suggests that patients of PCa exhibit low concentration of serum adiponectin levels and high concentration of leptin levels. Further, this association was independent of histological grading of disease of disease/disease progression as well as other biochemical parameters.
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Thromboinflammatory Processes at the Nexus of Metabolic Dysfunction and Prostate Cancer: The Emerging Role of Periprostatic Adipose Tissue. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071679. [PMID: 35406450 PMCID: PMC8996963 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As overweight and obesity increase among the population worldwide, a parallel increase in the number of individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer was observed. There appears to be a relationship between both diseases where the increase in the mass of fat tissue can lead to inflammation. Such a state of inflammation could produce many factors that increase the aggressiveness of prostate cancer, especially if this inflammation occurred in the fat stores adjacent to the prostate. Another important observation that links obesity, fat tissue inflammation, and prostate cancer is the increased production of blood clotting factors. In this article, we attempt to explain the role of these latter factors in the effect of increased body weight on the progression of prostate cancer and propose new ways of treatment that act by affecting how these clotting factors work. Abstract The increased global prevalence of metabolic disorders including obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and diabetes is mirrored by an increased incidence of prostate cancer (PCa). Ample evidence suggests that these metabolic disorders, being characterized by adipose tissue (AT) expansion and inflammation, not only present as risk factors for the development of PCa, but also drive its increased aggressiveness, enhanced progression, and metastasis. Despite the emerging molecular mechanisms linking AT dysfunction to the various hallmarks of PCa, thromboinflammatory processes implicated in the crosstalk between these diseases have not been thoroughly investigated. This is of particular importance as both diseases present states of hypercoagulability. Accumulating evidence implicates tissue factor, thrombin, and active factor X as well as other players of the coagulation cascade in the pathophysiological processes driving cancer development and progression. In this regard, it becomes pivotal to elucidate the thromboinflammatory processes occurring in the periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), a fundamental microenvironmental niche of the prostate. Here, we highlight key findings linking thromboinflammation and the pleiotropic effects of coagulation factors and their inhibitors in metabolic diseases, PCa, and their crosstalk. We also propose several novel therapeutic targets and therapeutic interventions possibly modulating the interaction between these pathological states.
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Stopsack KH, Tyekucheva S, Wang M, Gerke TA, Vaselkiv JB, Penney KL, Kantoff PW, Finn SP, Fiorentino M, Loda M, Lotan TL, Parmigiani G, Mucci LA. Extent, impact, and mitigation of batch effects in tumor biomarker studies using tissue microarrays. eLife 2021; 10:71265. [PMID: 34939926 PMCID: PMC8849344 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue microarrays (TMAs) have been used in thousands of cancer biomarker studies. To what extent batch effects, measurement error in biomarker levels between slides, affects TMA-based studies has not been assessed systematically. We evaluated 20 protein biomarkers on 14 TMAs with prospectively collected tumor tissue from 1448 primary prostate cancers. In half of the biomarkers, more than 10% of biomarker variance was attributable to between-TMA differences (range, 1–48%). We implemented different methods to mitigate batch effects (R package batchtma), tested in plasmode simulation. Biomarker levels were more similar between mitigation approaches compared to uncorrected values. For some biomarkers, associations with clinical features changed substantially after addressing batch effects. Batch effects and resulting bias are not an error of an individual study but an inherent feature of TMA-based protein biomarker studies. They always need to be considered during study design and addressed analytically in studies using more than one TMA. To understand cancer, researchers need to know which molecules tumor cells use. These so-called ‘biomarkers’ tag cancer cells as being different from healthy cells, and can be used to predict how aggressive a tumor may be, or how well it might respond to treatment. A popular technique for assessing biomarkers across multiple tumors is to use tissue microarrays. This involves taking samples from different tumors and embedding them in a block of wax, which is then cut into micro-thin slices and stained with reagents that can detect specific biomarkers, such as proteins. Each block contains hundreds of samples, which all experience the same conditions. So, any patterns detected in the staining are likely to represent real variations in the biomarkers present. Many cancer studies, however, often compare samples from multiple tissue microarrays, which may increase the risk of technical artifacts: for example, staining may look stronger in one batch of tissue samples than another, even though the amount of biomarker present in these different arrays is roughly the same. These ‘batch effects’ could potentially bias the results of the experiment and lead to the identification of misleading patterns. To evaluate how batch effects impact tissue microarray studies, Stopsack et al. examined 14 wax blocks which contained tumor samples from 1,448 men with prostate cancer. This revealed that for some biomarkers, but not others, there were noticeable differences between tissue microarrays that were clearly the result of batch effects. Stopsack et al. then tested six different ways of fixing these discrepancies using statistical methods. All six approaches were successful, even if the arrays included tumors with different characteristics, such as tumors that had been diagnosed more or less recently. This work highlights the importance of considering batch effects when using tissue microarrays to study cancer. Stopsack et al. have used their statistical approaches to develop freely available software which can reduce the biases that sometimes arise from these technical artifacts. This could help researchers avoid misleading patterns in their data and make it easier to detect real variations in the biomarkers present between tumor samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad H Stopsack
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | | | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Travis A Gerke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center
| | - J Bailey Vaselkiv
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | | | | | | | | | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical Center
| | | | | | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
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Jie C, Xuan W, Feng HD, Hua DM, Bo W, Fei S, Hao Z. AdipoR2 inhibits human glioblastoma cell growth through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Eur J Med Res 2021; 26:28. [PMID: 33752745 PMCID: PMC7986524 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-021-00496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background AdipoR2, which belongs to the seven-transmembrane-domain receptor family, has been shown to play an important role in the development of human tumours, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we found that AdipoR2 expression correlates with glioma grade. In addition, we also investigated the mechanisms behind the antiproliferative effects of AdipoR2 in U251 cells (a human glioma cell line) using colony formation and WST-8 growth assays. Methods The U251 cell line was cultured in vitro. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of relevant proteins. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 expression. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle assay results. The gene expression profiles of glioma samples from the CGGA database were analysed by MATLAB and GSEA software. Results The AMPK/mTOR pathway plays a central role in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and migration and may promote tumorigenesis. Therefore, we can control cancer progression by modulating the AMPK/mTOR pathway. However, there is no information on the relationship between AdipoR and AMPK/mTOR in central nervous system tumours such as GBM. In this study. We found 648 upregulated genes and 436 downregulated genes correlated with AdipoR2 expression in 158 glioma samples. GSEA suggested that AdipoR2 is a cell cycle-associated gene. The results of the flow cytometry analysis indicated that AdipoR2 induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in U251 cells. Furthermore, we identified the AMPK/mTOR signalling axis to be involved in AdipoR2-induced cell cycle arrest. Conclusions Our results suggest that AdipoR2 may represent a novel endogenous negative regulator of GBM cell proliferation. These findings also suggest that AdipoR2 may be a promising therapeutic target in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jie
- Department of Neurosurgery, XuZhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Wang Xuan
- Xuzhou First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Han-Dong Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, XuZhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ding-Mao Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, XuZhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wang Bo
- Department of Neurosurgery, XuZhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Sun Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, XuZhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhang Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, XuZhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
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6
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Stopsack KH, Gerke T, Zareba P, Pettersson A, Chowdhury D, Ebot EM, Flavin R, Finn S, Kantoff PW, Stampfer MJ, Loda M, Fiorentino M, Mucci LA. Tumor protein expression of the DNA repair gene BRCA1 and lethal prostate cancer. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:904-908. [PMID: 32556091 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repair genes are commonly altered in metastatic prostate cancer, but BRCA1 mutations are rare. Preliminary studies suggest that higher tumor expression of the BRCA1 protein may be associated with worse prognosis. We undertook a prospective study among men with prostate cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and evaluated BRCA1 via immunohistochemical staining on tissue microarrays. BRCA1 was expressed in 60 of 589 tumors. Prevalence of BRCA1 positivity was 43% in the 14 men with metastases at diagnosis compared with 9% in non-metastatic tumors [difference, 33 percentage points; 95% confidence interval (CI), 7-59]. BRCA1-positive tumors had 2.16-fold higher Ki-67 proliferative indices (95% CI, 1.18-3.95), higher tumor aneuploidy as predicted from whole-transcriptome profiling, and higher Gleason scores. Among the 575 patients with non-metastatic disease at diagnosis, we evaluated the association between BRCA1 expression and development of lethal disease (metastasis or cancer-specific death, 69 events) during long-term follow-up (median, 18.3 years). A potential weak association of BRCA1 positivity with lethal disease (hazard ratio, 1.61; 95% CI, 0.82-3.15) was attenuated when adjusting for age, Gleason score and clinical stage (hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.54-2.29). In summary, BRCA1 protein expression is a feature of more proliferative and more aneuploid prostate tumors and is more common in metastatic disease. While not well suited as a prognostic biomarker in primary prostate cancer, BRCA1 protein expression may be most relevant in advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad H Stopsack
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Travis Gerke
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Piotr Zareba
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, USA
| | - Andreas Pettersson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ericka M Ebot
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Flavin
- Department of Pathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Finn
- Department of Pathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip W Kantoff
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology, Cornell Medical School, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Pathology Unit, Addarii Institute, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Nguyen TMD. Adiponectin: Role in Physiology and Pathophysiology. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:136. [PMID: 33088464 PMCID: PMC7554603 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_193_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, an adipokine secreted by adipocytes, is a well-known homeostatic factor for regulating glucose levels, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity through its anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and antioxidant effects. All these metabolic processes are mediated via two adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. In addition, adiponectin is one of the hormones with the highest plasma concentrations. Weight loss or caloric restriction leads to increasing adiponectin levels, and this increase is associated with increased insulin sensitivity. Therefore, the adiponectin pathway can play a crucial role in the development of drugs to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and other obesity-related diseases affected by insulin resistance like cancers or cardiovascular diseases. Adiponectin appears to increase insulin sensitivity by improving glucose and lipid metabolisms. The objective of this review is to analyze current knowledge concerning adiponectin and, in particular, its role in physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Mong Diep Nguyen
- Department of Applied Biology and Agriculture, Faculty of Natural Science, Quy Nhon University, 170 An Duong Vuong Street, Quy Nhon City, Binh Dinh Province, Vietnam
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Dietary fatty acid quality affects systemic parameters and promotes prostatitis and pre-neoplastic lesions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19233. [PMID: 31848441 PMCID: PMC6917739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental and nutritional factors, including fatty acids (FA), are associated with prostatitis, benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer. We hypothesized that different FA in normolipidic diets (7%) affect prostate physiology, increasing the susceptibility to prostate disorders. Thus, we fed male C57/BL6 mice with normolipidic diets based on linseed oil, soybean oil or lard (varying saturated and unsaturated FA contents and ω-3/ω-6 ratios) for 12 or 32 weeks after weaning and examined structural and functional parameters of the ventral prostate (VP) in the systemic metabolic context. Mongolian gerbils were included because they present a metabolic detour for low water consumption (i.e., oxidize FA to produce metabolic water). A linseed oil-based diet (LO, 67.4% PUFAs, ω-3/ω-6 = 3.70) resulted in a thermogenic profile, while a soybean oil-based diet (SO, 52.7% PUFAs, ω-3/ω-6 = 0.11) increased body growth and adiposity. Mice fed lard (PF, 13.1% PUFA, ω-3/ω-6 = 0.07) depicted a biphasic growth, resulting in decreased adiposity in adulthood. SO and PF resulted in hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis, respectively. PF and SO increased prostate epithelial volume, and lard resulted in epithelial hyperplasia. Animals in the LO group had smaller prostates with predominant atrophic epithelia and inflammatory loci. Inflammatory cells were frequent in the VP of PF mice (predominantly stromal) and LO mice (predominantly luminal). RNAseq after 12 weeks revealed good predictors of a later-onset inflammation. The transcriptome unveiled ontologies related to ER stress after 32 weeks on PF diets. In conclusion, different FA qualities result in different metabolic phenotypes and differentially impact prostate size, epithelial volume, inflammation and gene expression.
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Hu X, Hu C, Zhang C, Zhang M, Long S, Cao Z. Role of Adiponectin in prostate cancer. Int Braz J Urol 2019; 45:220-228. [PMID: 30648824 PMCID: PMC6541146 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2018.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as a chronic and excessive growth of adipose tissue. It has been associated with a high risk for development and progression of obesity-associated malignancies, while adipokines may mediate this association. Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived adipokines, with significant anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-proliferative properties. Plasma adiponectin levels are decreased in obese individuals, and this feature is closely correlated with development of several metabolic, immunological and neoplastic diseases. Recent studies have shown that prostate cancer patients have lower serum adiponectin levels and decreased expression of adiponectin receptors in tumor tissues, which suggests plasma adiponectin level is a risk factor for prostate cancer. Furthermore, exogenous adiponectin has exhibited therapeutic potential in animal models. In this review, we focus on the potential role of adiponectin and the underlying mechanism of adiponectin in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Exploring the signaling pathways linking adiponectin with tumorigenesis might provide a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Hu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Biosciences, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Cong Hu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Biosciences, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Caiping Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Biosciences, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Biosciences, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shiyin Long
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Biosciences, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhaohui Cao
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Biosciences, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Tumminia A, Vinciguerra F, Parisi M, Graziano M, Sciacca L, Baratta R, Frittitta L. Adipose Tissue, Obesity and Adiponectin: Role in Endocrine Cancer Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122863. [PMID: 31212761 PMCID: PMC6628240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has been recognized as a complex organ with endocrine and metabolic roles. The excess of fat mass, as occurs during overweight and obesity states, alters the regulation of adipose tissue, contributing to the development of obesity-related disorders. In this regard, many epidemiological studies shown an association between obesity and numerous types of malignancies, comprising those linked to the endocrine system (e.g., breast, endometrial, ovarian, thyroid and prostate cancers). Multiple factors may contribute to this phenomenon, such as hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, abnormal adipokines secretion and metabolism. Among adipokines, growing interest has been placed in recent years on adiponectin (APN) and on its role in carcinogenesis. APN is secreted by adipose tissue and exerts both anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative actions. It has been demonstrated that APN is drastically decreased in obese individuals and that it can play a crucial role in tumor growth. Although literature data on the impact of APN on carcinogenesis are sometimes conflicting, the most accredited hypothesis is that it has a protective action, preventing cancer development and progression. The aim of the present review is to summarize the currently available evidence on the involvement of APN and its signaling in the etiology of cancer, focusing on endocrine malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tumminia
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Federica Vinciguerra
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Miriam Parisi
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Marco Graziano
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Laura Sciacca
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Roberto Baratta
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
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11
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Stopsack KH, Gerke T, Tyekucheva S, Mazzu YZ, Lee GSM, Chakraborty G, Abida W, Mucci LA, Kantoff PW. Low Expression of the Androgen-Induced Tumor Suppressor Gene PLZF and Lethal Prostate Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:707-714. [PMID: 30602500 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 4%-9% of prostate cancers harbor homozygous deletions of the androgen-induced tumor suppressor gene, promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF, ZBTB16). PLZF loss induces an in vitro phenotype of castration resistance and enzalutamide resistance. The association of low expression of PLZF and clinical outcomes is unclear. METHODS We assessed PLZF mRNA expression in patients diagnosed with primary prostate cancer during prospective follow-up of the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; n = 254) and the Physicians' Health Study (PHS; n = 150), as well as in The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 333). We measured PTEN status (using copy numbers and IHC) and transcriptional activation of the MAPK pathway. Patients from HPFS and PHS were followed for metastases and prostate cancer-specific mortality (median, 15.3 years; 113 lethal events). RESULTS PLZF mRNA expression was lower in tumors with PLZF deletions. There was a strong, positive association between intratumoral androgen receptor (AR) signaling and PLZF expression. PLZF expression was also lower in tumors with PTEN loss. Low PLZF expression was associated with higher MAPK signaling. Patients in the lowest quartile of PLZF expression compared with those in the highest quartile were more likely to develop lethal prostate cancer, independent of clinicopathologic features, Gleason score, and AR signaling (odds ratio, 3.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.32-7.60). CONCLUSIONS Low expression of the tumor suppressor gene PLZF is associated with a worse prognosis in primary prostate cancer. IMPACT Suppression of PLZF as a consequence of androgen deprivation may be undesirable. PLZF should be tested as a predictive marker for resistance to androgen deprivation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad H Stopsack
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Travis Gerke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Svitlana Tyekucheva
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ying Z Mazzu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gwo-Shu Mary Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Goutam Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Wassim Abida
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philip W Kantoff
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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12
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DuPre NC, Flavin R, Sfanos KS, Unger RH, To S, Gazeeva E, Fiorentino M, De Marzo AM, Rider JR, Mucci LA. Corpora amylacea in prostatectomy tissue and associations with molecular, histological, and lifestyle factors. Prostate 2018; 78:1172-1180. [PMID: 30009541 PMCID: PMC6501556 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corpora amylacea are amyloid bodies commonly found adjacent to damaged prostate epithelium. Little is known about their formation or function. The current study sought to characterize corpora amylacea in prostate tissue and to describe their relationship with clinical, histological, molecular, and lifestyle factors, especially with chronic inflammation which is associated with aggressive disease. METHODS We studied a cohort of 355 men with prostate cancer and tissue specimens from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Pathologists examined H&E slides and undertook a standardized review for histologic data and inflammation. Trained observers counted corpora amylacea within the benign and predominately tumor areas. Immunohistochemistry biomarkers were available from tissue microarrays. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess associations of chronic inflammation, clinical, histological, molecular, and lifestyle factors with the presence of corpora amylacea. RESULTS Corpora amylacea were present in benign tissue area for 298 men (84%). Specimens with moderate-to-severe chronic inflammation were more likely to have corpora amylacea in benign regions (OR = 5.4 95%CI 1.9, 15.6). Moreover, corpora amylacea were more common in men with higher body mass index (OR = 1.13 95%CI 1.01, 1.26). In contrast, Gleason grade (OR = 0.4 95%CI 0.2, 0.8), proliferation index (OR = 0.6 95%CI 0.3, 1.2) and the presence of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion (OR = 0.4 95%CI 0.2, 0.8) were inversely associated with corpora amylacea presence. TURP specimens were less likely to have corpora amylacea than prostatectomy specimens (OR = 0.12 95%CI 0.03, 0.47). Age, PSA, stage, biomarkers of angiogenesis and PTEN, and vasectomy were not significantly associated with corpora amylacea. CONCLUSION Corpora amylacea were common among men with prostate cancer and were associated with pro-inflammatory factors, some markers of less aggressive disease, and lack of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C DuPre
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard Flavin
- Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen S Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Massachusetts
| | - Robert H Unger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samantha To
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Elizaveta Gazeeva
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Pathology Unit, Addarii Instituto, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer R Rider
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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13
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Rizza S, Cardellini M, Farcomeni A, Morabito P, Romanello D, Di Cola G, Canale MP, Federici M. Low Molecular Weight Adiponectin Increases the Mortality Risk in Very Old Patients. Aging Dis 2018; 9:946-951. [PMID: 30271669 PMCID: PMC6147581 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its beneficial role on insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, adiponectin has been frequently reported as an independent positive predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Very few information is available regarding adiponectin isoforms and mortality, in particular in advanced aging. Baseline serum levels of Total Adiponectin and its circulating isoforms (HMW-, MMW-, LMW-Adiponectin) were measured in 97 old patients (mean age: 79 years). Patients were followed up for all-cause mortality (study end-point) for an average of 76.4 ± 37.3 months. A positive association was observed for LMW-Ad and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05-1,22, p: 0.002). After multivariate adjustment for age, sex and a previous history of myocardial infarction, higher levels of LMW-Ad were significantly associated with all-cause mortality (HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02-1.21; p: 0.017). Interestingly neither total adiponectin neither the other two circulating isoforms (MMW- and HMW-Ad) showed any significant association with the study end-point. Our data suggest that the association between high serum adiponectin levels and increased mortality rate in elderly is contingent to an unbalanced circulating levels of adiponectin isoforms. The present results support the hypothesis that high levels of Low Molecular Weight adiponectin are a biomarker for mortality risk in very old patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rizza
- 1Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata and.,2Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata
| | - Marina Cardellini
- 1Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata and.,2Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata
| | - Alessio Farcomeni
- 3Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases Sapienza, University of Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Di Cola
- 1Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata and.,2Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata
| | - Maria Paola Canale
- 1Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata and.,2Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata
| | - Massimo Federici
- 1Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata and.,2Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata
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14
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Karnati HK, Panigrahi MK, Li Y, Tweedie D, Greig NH. Adiponectin as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Prostate Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:4170-4179. [PMID: 28183249 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170208123553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipokines are bioactive proteins that mediate proliferation, metabolism, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Adiponectin is an important adipokine that exerts multiple key functions via its anti-metabolic syndrome and anti-inflammatory properties. A number of adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1, AdipoR2 and T-cadherin, have been identified. Recent studies have suggested the involvement of adiponectin and receptors in several cancers, including prostate, breast, endometrial, brain, and colon cancer. Altered levels of adiponectin expression, or its interacting receptors, in cancers can lead to dysregulation of signaling pathways. Our current review describes the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-tumorigenesis activity of adiponectin and the role of its receptors in prostate carcinogenesis, and provides perspectives of adiponectin-mediated signaling as a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanuma Kumar Karnati
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224. United States
| | - Manas Kumar Panigrahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hyderabad- 500003, Telangana. India
| | - Yazhou Li
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224. United States
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224. United States
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224. United States
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15
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Adiponectin: Its role in obesity-associated colon and prostate cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 116:125-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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16
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Analysis of Argonaute Complex Bound mRNAs in DU145 Prostate Carcinoma Cells Reveals New miRNA Target Genes. Prostate Cancer 2017; 2017:4893921. [PMID: 28163933 PMCID: PMC5253174 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4893921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranscriptional gene regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) contributes to the induction and maintenance of prostate carcinoma (PCa). To identify mRNAs enriched or removed from Ago2-containing RISC complexes, these complexes were immunoprecipitated from normal prostate fibroblasts (PNFs) and the PCa line DU145 and the bound mRNAs were quantified by microarray. The analysis of Ago complexes derived from PNFs or DU145 confirmed the enrichment or depletion of a variety of mRNAs already known from the literature to be deregulated. Novel potential targets were analyzed by luciferase assays with miRNAs known to be deregulated in PCa. We demonstrate that the mRNAs of the death effector domain-containing protein (DEDD), the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10b protein (TNFRSF10B), the tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1), and the secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich (SPARC; osteonectin) are regulated by miRNAs miR-148a, miR-20a, miR-24, and miR-29a/b, respectively. Therefore, these miRNAs represent potential targets for therapy. Surprisingly, overexpression of miR-24 induced focus formation and proliferation of DU145 cells, while miR-29b reduced proliferation. The study confirms genes deregulated in PCa by virtue of their presence/absence in the Ago2-complex. In conjunction with the already published miRNA profiles of PCa, the data can be used to identify miRNA-regulated mRNAs.
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17
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Kelly RS, Sinnott JA, Rider JR, Ebot EM, Gerke T, Bowden M, Pettersson A, Loda M, Sesso HD, Kantoff PW, Martin NE, Giovannucci EL, Tyekucheva S, Heiden MV, Mucci LA. The role of tumor metabolism as a driver of prostate cancer progression and lethal disease: results from a nested case-control study. Cancer Metab 2016; 4:22. [PMID: 27980733 PMCID: PMC5142400 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-016-0161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the biologic mechanisms underlying the development of lethal prostate cancer is critical for improved therapeutic and prevention strategies. In this study we explored the role of tumor metabolism in prostate cancer progression using mRNA expression profiling of seven metabolic pathways; fatty acid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, pentose phosphate, purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Methods The study included 404 men with archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded prostate tumor tissue from the prospective Health Professionals Follow-up Study and Physicians’ Health Study. Lethal cases (n = 113) were men who experienced a distant metastatic event or died of prostate cancer during follow-up. Non-lethal controls (n = 291) survived at least 8 years post-diagnosis without metastases. Of 404 men, 202 additionally had matched normal tissue (140 non-lethal, 62 lethal). Analyses compared expression levels between tumor and normal tissue, by Gleason grade and by lethal status. Secondary analyses considered the association with biomarkers of cell proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Results Oxidative phosphorylation and pyrimidine metabolism were identified as the most dysregulated pathways in lethal tumors (p < 0.007), and within these pathways, a number of novel differentially expressed genes were identified including POLR2K and APT6V1A. The associations were tumor specific as there was no evidence any pathways were altered in the normal tissue of lethal compared to non-lethal cases. Conclusions The results suggest prostate cancer progression and lethal disease are associated with alterations in key metabolic signaling pathways. Pathways supporting proliferation appeared to be of particular importance in prostate tumor aggressiveness. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40170-016-0161-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jennifer A Sinnott
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jennifer R Rider
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ericka M Ebot
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Travis Gerke
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA.,Department of Epidemiology, College of Medicine and College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Michaela Bowden
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Andreas Pettersson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massimo Loda
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Philip W Kantoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Neil E Martin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Svitlana Tyekucheva
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Matthew Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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18
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Stopsack KH, Gerke TA, Sinnott JA, Penney KL, Tyekucheva S, Sesso HD, Andersson SO, Andrén O, Cerhan JR, Giovannucci EL, Mucci LA, Rider JR. Cholesterol Metabolism and Prostate Cancer Lethality. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4785-90. [PMID: 27325648 PMCID: PMC4987257 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism has been implicated in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Here, we assessed the association of intratumoral mRNA expression of cholesterol synthesis enzymes, transporters, and regulators in tumor specimen at diagnosis and lethal prostate cancer, defined as mortality or metastases from prostate cancer in contrast to nonlethal disease without evidence of metastases after at least 8 years of follow-up. We analyzed the prospective prostate cancer cohorts within the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (n = 249) and the Physicians' Health Study (n = 153) as well as expectantly managed patients in the Swedish Watchful Waiting Study (n = 338). The expression of squalene monooxygenase (SQLE) was associated with lethal cancer in all three cohorts. Men with high SQLE expression (>1 standard deviation above the mean) were 8.3 times (95% confidence interval, 3.5 to 19.7) more likely to have lethal cancer despite therapy compared with men with the mean level of SQLE expression. Absolute SQLE expression was associated with lethal cancer independently from Gleason grade and stage, as was a SQLE expression ratio in tumor versus surrounding benign prostate tissue. Higher SQLE expression was tightly associated with increased histologic markers of angiogenesis. Collectively, this study establishes the prognostic value of intratumoral cholesterol synthesis as measured via SQLE, its second rate-limiting enzyme. SQLE expression at cancer diagnosis is prognostic for lethal prostate cancer both after curative-intent prostatectomy and in a watchful waiting setting, possibly by facilitating micrometastatic disease. Cancer Res; 76(16); 4785-90. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad H Stopsack
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Travis A Gerke
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, College of Medicine and College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jennifer A Sinnott
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Statistics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Svitlana Tyekucheva
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Divisions of Preventive Medicine and Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Swen-Olof Andersson
- Department of Urology, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ove Andrén
- Department of Urology, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden
| | - James R Cerhan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer R Rider
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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19
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Fortifying the Treatment of Prostate Cancer with Physical Activity. Prostate Cancer 2016; 2016:9462975. [PMID: 26977321 PMCID: PMC4764749 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9462975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, significant data have shown that obese men experience a survival detriment after treatment for prostate cancer. While methods to combat obesity are of utmost importance for the prostate cancer patient, newer data reveal the overall metabolic improvements that accompany increased activity levels and intense exercise beyond weight loss. Along these lines, a plethora of data have shown improvement in prostate cancer-specific outcomes after treatment accompanied with these activity levels. This review discusses the metabolic mechanisms in which increased activity levels and exercise can help improve both outcomes for men treated for prostate cancer while lowering the side effects of treatment.
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