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Faraji F, Ramirez SI, Clubb L, Sato K, Burghi V, Hoang TS, Officer A, Anguiano Quiroz PY, Galloway WM, Mikulski Z, Medetgul-Ernar K, Marangoni P, Jones KB, Molinolo AA, Kim K, Sakaguchi K, Califano JA, Smith Q, Goren A, Klein OD, Tamayo P, Gutkind JS. YAP-Driven Oral Epithelial Stem Cell Malignant Reprogramming at Single Cell Resolution. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.24.550427. [PMID: 37546810 PMCID: PMC10402053 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.24.550427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor initiation represents the first step in tumorigenesis during which normal progenitor cells undergo cell fate transition to cancer. Capturing this process as it occurs in vivo, however, remains elusive. Here we employ spatiotemporally controlled oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inhibition together with multiomics to unveil the processes underlying oral epithelial progenitor cell reprogramming into tumor initiating cells (TIC) at single cell resolution. TIC displayed a distinct stem-like state, defined by aberrant proliferative, hypoxic, squamous differentiation, and partial epithelial to mesenchymal (pEMT) invasive gene programs. YAP-mediated TIC programs included the activation of oncogenic transcriptional networks and mTOR signaling, and the recruitment of myeloid cells to the invasive front contributing to tumor infiltration. TIC transcriptional programs are conserved in human head and neck cancer and associated with poor patient survival. These findings illuminate processes underlying cancer initiation at single cell resolution, and identify candidate targets for early cancer detection and prevention.
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Wahyudianingsih R, Sanjaya A, Jonathan T, Pranggono EH, Achmad D, Hernowo BS. Chemotherapy's effects on autophagy in the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma: a scoping review. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:269. [PMID: 38976168 PMCID: PMC11231119 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical Hodgkin Lymphomas (HL) are a unique malignant growth with an excellent initial prognosis. However, 10-30% of patients will still relapse after remission. One primary cellular function that has been the focus of tumor progression is autophagy. This process can preserve cellular homeostasis under stressful conditions. Several studies have shown that autophagy may play a role in developing HL. Therefore, this review aimed to explore chemotherapy's effect on autophagy in HL, and the effects of autophagy on HL. METHODS A scoping review in line with the published PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) was conducted. A literature search was conducted on the MEDLINE database and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). All results were retrieved and screened, and the resulting articles were synthesized narratively. RESULTS The results showed that some cancer chemotherapy also induces autophagic flux. Although the data on HL is limited, since the mechanisms of action of these drugs are similar, we can infer a similar relationship. However, this increased autophagy activity may reflect a mechanism for increasing tumor growth or a cellular compensation to inhibit its growth. Although evidence supports both views, we argued that autophagy allowed cancer cells to resist cell death, mainly due to DNA damage caused by cytotoxic drugs. CONCLUSION Autophagy reflects the cell's adaptation to survive and explains why chemotherapy generally induces autophagy functions. However, further research on autophagy inhibition is needed as it presents a viable treatment strategy, especially against drug-resistant populations that may arise from HL chemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roro Wahyudianingsih
- Postgraduate Program of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ardo Sanjaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Timothy Jonathan
- Undergraduate Program in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Emmy Hermiyanti Pranggono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dimyati Achmad
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Bethy Suryawathy Hernowo
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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3
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Zhou J, Liu C, Amornphimoltham P, Cheong SC, Gutkind JS, Chen Q, Wang Z. Mouse Models for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Dent Res 2024; 103:585-595. [PMID: 38722077 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241240997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The prognosis and survival rate of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have remained unchanged for years, and the pathogenesis of HNSCC is still not fully understood, necessitating further research. An ideal animal model that accurately replicates the complex microenvironment of HNSCC is urgently needed. Among all the animal models for preclinical cancer research, tumor-bearing mouse models are the best known and widely used due to their high similarity to humans. Currently, mouse models for HNSCC can be broadly categorized into chemical-induced models, genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), and transplanted mouse models, each with its distinct advantages and limitations. In chemical-induced models, the carcinogen spontaneously initiates tumor formation through a multistep process. The resemblance of this model to human carcinogenesis renders it an ideal preclinical platform for studying HNSCC initiation and progression from precancerous lesions. The major drawback is that these models are time-consuming and, like human cancer, unpredictable in terms of timing, location, and number of lesions. GEMMs involve transgenic and knockout mice with gene modifications, leading to malignant transformation within a tumor microenvironment that recapitulates tumorigenesis in vivo, including their interaction with the immune system. However, most HNSCC GEMMs exhibit low tumor incidence and limited prognostic significance when translated to clinical studies. Transplanted mouse models are the most widely used in cancer research due to their consistency, availability, and efficiency. Based on the donor and recipient species matching, transplanted mouse models can be divided into xenografts and syngeneic models. In the latter, transplanted cells and host are from the same strain, making syngeneic models relevant to study functional immune system. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the characteristics, establishment methods, and potential applications of these different HNSCC mouse models, aiming to assist researchers in choosing suitable animal models for their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhou
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - C Liu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - P Amornphimoltham
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S C Cheong
- Translational Cancer Biology, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J S Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Q Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Z Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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4
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Gutkind JS, Faraji F, Ramirez S, Clubb L, Sato K, Quiroz PA, Galloway W, Mikulski Z, Hoang T, Medetgul-Ernar K, Marangoni P, Jones K, Officer A, Molinolo A, Kim K, Sakaguchi K, Califano J, Smith Q, Klein O, Tamayo P. YAP-Driven Malignant Reprogramming of Epithelial Stem Cells at Single Cell Resolution. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3426301. [PMID: 37961717 PMCID: PMC10635308 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3426301/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor initiation represents the first step in tumorigenesis during which normal progenitor cells undergo cell fate transition to cancer. Capturing this process as it occurs in vivo, however, remains elusive. Here we employ cell tracing approaches with spatiotemporally controlled oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inhibition to unveil the processes underlying oral epithelial progenitor cell reprogramming into cancer stem cells (CSCs) at single cell resolution. This revealed the rapid emergence of a distinct stem-like cell state, defined by aberrant proliferative, hypoxic, squamous differentiation, and partial epithelial to mesenchymal (pEMT) invasive gene programs. Interestingly, CSCs harbor limited cell autonomous invasive capacity, but instead recruit myeloid cells to remodel the basement membrane and ultimately initiate tumor invasion. CSC transcriptional programs are conserved in human carcinomas and associated with poor patient survival. These findings illuminate the process of cancer initiation at single cell resolution, thus identifying candidate targets for early cancer detection and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farhoud Faraji
- University of California San Diego Health Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Moores Cancer Center
| | | | - Lauren Clubb
- University of California San Diego Health Moores Cancer Center
| | - Kuniaki Sato
- University of California San Diego Health Moores Cancer Center
| | | | - William Galloway
- University of California Irvine Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
| | | | - Thomas Hoang
- University of California San Diego Health Moores Cancer Center
| | | | - Pauline Marangoni
- Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Kyle Jones
- University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Adam Officer
- University of California San Diego Health Moores Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | | | - Quinton Smith
- University of California Irvine Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
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Aguayo F, Perez-Dominguez F, Osorio JC, Oliva C, Calaf GM. PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in HPV-Driven Head and Neck Carcinogenesis: Therapeutic Implications. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050672. [PMID: 37237486 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) are the causal agents of cervical, anogenital and a subset of head and neck carcinomas (HNCs). Indeed, oropharyngeal cancers are a type of HNC highly associated with HR-HPV infections and constitute a specific clinical entity. The oncogenic mechanism of HR-HPV involves E6/E7 oncoprotein overexpression for promoting cell immortalization and transformation, through the downregulation of p53 and pRB tumor suppressor proteins, among other cellular targets. Additionally, E6/E7 proteins are involved in promoting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway alterations. In this review, we address the relationship between HR-HPV and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway activation in HNC with an emphasis on its therapeutic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Aguayo
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - Francisco Perez-Dominguez
- Laboratorio de Oncovirología, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Julio C Osorio
- Laboratorio de Oncovirología, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Carolina Oliva
- Laboratorio de Oncovirología, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Gloria M Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
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6
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Miotto IZ, Neto CF, de Oliveira WRP. Cutaneous infections from viral sources in solid organ transplant recipients. Transpl Immunol 2023; 78:101838. [PMID: 37085124 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are susceptible to various dermatological complications caused by long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Of these complications, viral infections are noteworthy because of their high prevalence and the potential morbidity associated with viral carcinogenesis. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the occurrence of cutaneous viral infections in SOTRs and their correlation with clinical features, transplant type, and the length and intensity of immunosuppressive therapy. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included SOTRs followed up at the Department of Dermatology in a tertiary hospital. The outcomes analyzed were the occurrence of cutaneous viral infections, including human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, molluscum contagiosum, Merkel cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and cytomegalovirus, and the occurrence of HPV-related neoplasms. Clinical variables, such as length and intensity of immunosuppression, type of transplanted organ, and comorbidities, were analyzed as possible risk factors for cutaneous viral infections in SOTRs. RESULTS A total of 528 SOTRs were included in this study, among which 53.8% had one or more viral infections. Of these, 10% developed a virus-associated malignancy (HPV-associated carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, or Kaposi's sarcoma). The higher risk of viral infections among SOTRs was associated with cyclosporine intake (1.40-fold higher risk) and younger age at transplantation. The use of an immunosuppressive regimen, including additional drugs, was associated with a higher risk of genital HPV infection (1.50-fold higher risk for each incremental drug). CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of cutaneous viral infections in SOTRs is directly associated with the duration and intensity of immunosuppressive therapy. Patients at higher risk were those taking drugs with a stronger impact on cellular immunity and/or those on an immunosuppressive regimen comprising various drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Zago Miotto
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, Zip Code, 05403-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cyro Festa Neto
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, Zip Code, 05403-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walmar Roncalli Pereira de Oliveira
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, Zip Code, 05403-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
Rapamycin (sirolimus) and other rapalogs (everolimus) are anti-cancer and anti-aging drugs, which delay cancer by directly targeting pre-cancerous cells and, indirectly, by slowing down organism aging. Cancer is an age-related disease and, figuratively, by slowing down time (and aging), rapamycin may delay cancer. In several dozen murine models, rapamycin robustly and reproducibly prevents cancer. Rapamycin slows cell proliferation and tumor progression, thus delaying the onset of cancer in carcinogen-treated, genetically cancer-prone and normal mice. Data on the use of rapamycin and everolimus in organ-transplant patients are consistent with their cancer-preventive effects. Treatment with rapamycin was proposed to prevent lung cancer in smokers and former smokers. Clinical trials in high-risk populations are warranted.
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8
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Minami R, Iizuka T, Tachibana A, Moriguchi Y, Noma E, Onishi T, Arakawa T, Horiguchi S. Rapidly growing oropharyngeal cancer with a 6-month course. Clin J Gastroenterol 2023:10.1007/s12328-023-01796-9. [PMID: 37055609 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-023-01796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
A male patient in his 70s who had undergone a regular upper gastrointestinal endoscopy noted a flat, erythematous area on the right soft palate of the oropharynx 9 months after his treatment of oropharyngeal cancer. Six months after noticing the lesion, endoscopy revealed that the lesion had rapidly developed into a thick, erythematous, bump. Endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed. Pathological analysis of the resected tissue found a squamous cell carcinoma with a thickness of 1400 μm invading the subepithelial layer. There are few reports on the growth speed of pharyngeal cancer and it remains unclear. In some cases, the growth of the pharyngeal cancer may be rapid, and it is important to follow up the patient in a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryogo Minami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8677, Japan
| | - Toshiro Iizuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8677, Japan.
| | - Ayu Tachibana
- Department of Gastroenterology, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8677, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Moriguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8677, Japan
| | - Eriko Noma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8677, Japan
| | - Tomoko Onishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8677, Japan
| | - Takeo Arakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8677, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Horiguchi
- Department of Pathology, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Ando T, Okamoto K, Shintani T, Yanamoto S, Miyauchi M, Gutkind JS, Kajiya M. Integrating Genetic Alterations and the Hippo Pathway in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma for Future Precision Medicine. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101544. [PMID: 36294681 PMCID: PMC9604790 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations and dysregulation of signaling pathways are indispensable for the initiation and progression of cancer. Understanding the genetic, molecular, and signaling diversities in cancer patients has driven a dynamic change in cancer therapy. Patients can select a suitable molecularly targeted therapy or immune checkpoint inhibitor based on the driver gene alterations determined by sequencing of cancer tissue. This “precision medicine” approach requires detailed elucidation of the mechanisms connecting genetic alterations of driver genes and aberrant downstream signaling pathways. The regulatory mechanisms of the Hippo pathway and Yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ binding motif (YAP/TAZ) that have central roles in cancer cell proliferation are not fully understood, reflecting their recent discovery. Nevertheless, emerging evidence has shown that various genetic alterations dysregulate the Hippo pathway and hyperactivate YAP/TAZ in cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here, we summarize the latest evidence linking genetic alterations and the Hippo pathway in HNSCC, with the aim of contributing to the continued development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Ando
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-82-257-5727
| | - Kento Okamoto
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shintani
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Souichi Yanamoto
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Wang J, Cui B, Chen Z, Ding X. The regulation of skin homeostasis, repair and the pathogenesis of skin diseases by spatiotemporal activation of epidermal mTOR signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:950973. [PMID: 35938153 PMCID: PMC9355246 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.950973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermis, the outmost layer of the skin, is a stratified squamous epithelium that protects the body from the external world. The epidermis and its appendages need constantly renew themselves and replace the damaged tissues caused by environmental assaults. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is a central controller of cell growth and metabolism that plays a critical role in development, homeostasis and diseases. Recent findings suggest that mTOR signaling is activated in a spatiotemporal and context-dependent manner in the epidermis, coordinating diverse skin homeostatic processes. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling underlies the pathogenesis of skin diseases, including psoriasis and skin cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of epidermal mTOR signaling activity and function in skin, with a focus on skin barrier formation, hair regeneration, wound repair, as well as skin pathological disorders. We propose that fine-tuned control of mTOR signaling is essential for epidermal structural and functional integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baiping Cui
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Ding
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolei Ding,
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Suresh RR, Kulandaisamy AJ, Nesakumar N, Nagarajan S, Lee JH, Rayappan JBB. Graphene Quantum Dots – Hydrothermal Green Synthesis, Material Characterization and Prospects for Cervical Cancer Diagnosis Applications: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghavv Raghavender Suresh
- Department of Bioengineering School of Chemical & Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613 401 Tamil Nadu India
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB) SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613 401 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Arockia Jayalatha Kulandaisamy
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB) SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613 401 Tamil Nadu India
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613 401 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Noel Nesakumar
- Department of Bioengineering School of Chemical & Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613 401 Tamil Nadu India
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB) SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613 401 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Saisubramanian Nagarajan
- Center for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID) School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613 401 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Jung Heon Lee
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 South Korea
| | - John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB) SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613 401 Tamil Nadu India
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613 401 Tamil Nadu India
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High-risk human papillomavirus-18 uses an mRNA sequence to synthesize oncoprotein E6 in tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2108359118. [PMID: 34615711 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108359118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer in women worldwide in terms of both incidence and mortality. Persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), namely 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68, constitute a necessary cause for the development of cervical cancer. Viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 play central roles in the carcinogenic process by virtue of their interactions with cell master proteins such as p53, retinoblastoma (Rb), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and c-MYC. For the synthesis of E6 and E7, HPVs use a bicistronic messenger RNA (mRNA) that has been studied in cultured cells. Here, we report that in cervical tumors, HPV-18, -39, and -45 transcribe E6/E7 mRNAs with extremely short 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) or even lacking a 5' UTR (i.e., zero to three nucleotides long) to express E6. We show that the translation of HPV-18 E6 cistron is regulated by the motif ACCaugGCGCG(C/A)UUU surrounding the AUG start codon, which we term Translation Initiation of Leaderless mRNAs (TILM). This motif is conserved in all HPV types of the phylogenetically coherent group forming genus alpha, species 7, which infect mucosal epithelia. We further show that the translation of HPV-18 E6 largely relies on the cap structure and eIF4E and eIF4AI, two key translation initiation factors linking translation and cancer but does not involve scanning. Our results support the notion that E6 forms the center of the positive oncogenic feedback loop node involving eIF4E, the mTOR cascade, and p53.
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13
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Böttinger P, Schreiber K, Hyjek E, Krausz T, Spiotto MT, Steiner M, Idel C, Booras H, Beck-Engeser G, Riederer J, Willimsky G, Wolf SP, Karrison T, Jensen E, Weichselbaum RR, Nakamura Y, Yew PY, Lambert PF, Kurita T, Kiyotani K, Leisegang M, Schreiber H. Cooperation of genes in HPV16 E6/E7-dependent cervicovaginal carcinogenesis trackable by endoscopy and independent of exogenous estrogens or carcinogens. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1605-1615. [PMID: 32221533 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is necessary but insufficient for progression of epithelial cells from dysplasia to carcinoma-in situ (CIS) to invasive cancer. The combination of mutant cellular and viral oncogenes that regulate progression of cervical cancer (CC) remains unclear. Using combinations of HPV16 E6/E7 (E+), mutant Kras (mKras) (K+) and/or loss of Pten (P-/-), we generated autochthonous models of CC without exogenous estrogen, carcinogen or promoters. Furthermore, intravaginal instillation of adenoCre virus enabled focal activation of the oncogenes/inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene. In P+/+ mice, E6/E7 alone (P+/+E+K-) failed to cause premalignant changes, while mKras alone (P+/+E-K+) caused persistent mucosal abnormalities in about one-third of mice, but no cancers. To develop cancer, P+/+ mice needed both E6/E7 and mKras expression. Longitudinal endoscopies of P+/+E+K+ mice predicted carcinoma development by detection of mucosal lesions, found on an average of 23 weeks prior to death, unlike longitudinal quantitative PCRs of vaginal lavage samples from the same mice. Endoscopy revealed that individual mice differed widely in the time required for mucosal lesions to appear after adenoCre and in the time required for these lesions to progress to cancer. These cancers developed in the transition zone that extends, unlike in women, from the murine cervix to the distal vagina. The P-/-E+K+ genotype led to precipitous cancer development within a few weeks and E6/E7-independent cancer development occurred in the P-/-E-K+ genotype. In the P-/-E+K- genotype, mice only developed CIS. Thus, distinct combinations of viral and cellular oncogenes are involved in distinct steps in cervical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Böttinger
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karin Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hyjek
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Krausz
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael T Spiotto
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madeline Steiner
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christian Idel
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heather Booras
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jessie Riederer
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gerald Willimsky
- Institute of Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Buch, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steven P Wolf
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Institute of Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theodore Karrison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jensen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Project for Immunogenomics, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Poh Yin Yew
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research/Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Takeshi Kurita
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kazuma Kiyotani
- Project for Immunogenomics, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthias Leisegang
- Institute of Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Wei T, Choi S, Buehler D, Lee D, Ward-Shaw E, Anderson RA, Lambert PF. Role of IQGAP1 in Papillomavirus-Associated Head and Neck Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2276. [PMID: 34068608 PMCID: PMC8126105 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 25% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In these cancers as well as in HPV-associated anogenital cancers, PI3K signaling is highly activated. We previously showed that IQ motif-containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1), a PI3K pathway scaffolding protein, is overexpressed in and contributes to HNSCC and that blocking IQGAP1-mediated PI3K signaling reduces HPV-positive HNSCC cell survival and migration. In this study, we tested whether IQGAP1 promotes papillomavirus (PV)-associated HNSCCs. IQGAP1 was necessary for optimal PI3K signaling induced by HPV16 oncoproteins in transgenic mice and MmuPV1 infection, a mouse papillomavirus that causes HNSCC in mice. Furthermore, we found that, at 6 months post-infection, MmuPV1-infected Iqgap1-/- mice developed significantly less severe tumor phenotypes than MmuPV1-infected Iqgap1+/+ mice, indicating a role of IQGAP1 in MmuPV1-associated HNSCC. The tumors resulting from MmuPV1 infection showed features consistent with HPV infection and HPV-associated cancer. However, such IQGAP1-dependent effects on disease severity were not observed in an HPV16 transgenic mouse model for HNC. This may reflect that IQGAP1 plays a role in earlier stages of viral pathogenesis, or other activities of HPV16 oncogenes are more dominant in driving carcinogenesis than their influence on PI3K signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wei
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (T.W.); (D.L.); (E.W.-S.)
| | - Suyong Choi
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.C.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Darya Buehler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Denis Lee
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (T.W.); (D.L.); (E.W.-S.)
| | - Ella Ward-Shaw
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (T.W.); (D.L.); (E.W.-S.)
| | - Richard A. Anderson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.C.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (T.W.); (D.L.); (E.W.-S.)
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15
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Medda A, Duca D, Chiocca S. Human Papillomavirus and Cellular Pathways: Hits and Targets. Pathogens 2021; 10:262. [PMID: 33668730 PMCID: PMC7996217 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent of different kinds of tumors, including cervical cancers, non-melanoma skin cancers, anogenital cancers, and head and neck cancers. Despite the vaccination campaigns implemented over the last decades, we are far from eradicating HPV-driven malignancies. Moreover, the lack of targeted therapies to tackle HPV-related tumors exacerbates this problem. Biomarkers for early detection of the pathology and more tailored therapeutic approaches are needed, and a complete understanding of HPV-driven tumorigenesis is essential to reach this goal. In this review, we overview the molecular pathways implicated in HPV infection and carcinogenesis, emphasizing the potential targets for new therapeutic strategies as well as new biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susanna Chiocca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (D.D.)
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16
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An Immunocompetent Mouse Model of HPV16(+) Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cell Rep 2020; 29:1660-1674.e7. [PMID: 31693903 PMCID: PMC6870917 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is increasing and implicated in more than 60% of all oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPSCCs). Although whole-genome, transcriptome, and proteome analyses have identified altered signaling pathways in HPV-induced HNSCCs, additional tools are needed to investigate the unique pathobiology of OPSCC. Herein, bioinformatics analyses of human HPV(+) HNSCCs revealed that all tumors express full-length E6 and identified molecular subtypes based on relative E6 and E7 expression levels. To recapitulate the levels, stoichiometric ratios, and anatomic location of E6/E7 expression, we generated a genetically engineered mouse model whereby balanced expression of E6/E7 is directed to the oropharyngeal epithelium. The addition of a mutant PIK3CAE545K allele leads to the rapid development of pre-malignant lesions marked by immune cell accumulation, and a subset of these lesions progress to OPSCC. This mouse provides a faithful immunocompetent model for testing treatments and investigating mechanisms of immuno- suppression. Carper et al. present the ‘‘iKHP’’ mouse, in which HPV16 oncogenes are inducibly activated in vivo in a tissue-specific and temporal manner. Oropharyngeal- specific expression of E6/E7 with PIK3CAE545K in these mice promotes the development of premalignant lesions marked by immune cell infiltration, but only a subset spontaneously convert to OPSCC.
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17
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Ren S, Gaykalova DA, Guo T, Favorov AV, Fertig EJ, Tamayo P, Callejas-Valera JL, Allevato M, Gilardi M, Santos J, Fukusumi T, Sakai A, Ando M, Sadat S, Liu C, Xu G, Fisch KM, Wang Z, Molinolo AA, Gutkind JS, Ideker T, Koch WM, Califano JA. HPV E2, E4, E5 drive alternative carcinogenic pathways in HPV positive cancers. Oncogene 2020; 39:6327-6339. [PMID: 32848210 PMCID: PMC7529583 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The dominant paradigm for HPV carcinogenesis includes integration into the host genome followed by expression of E6 and E7 (E6/E7). We explored an alternative carcinogenic pathway characterized by episomal E2, E4, and E5 (E2/E4/E5) expression. Half of HPV positive cervical and pharyngeal cancers comprised a subtype with increase in expression of E2/E4/E5, as well as association with lack of integration into the host genome. Models of the E2/E4/E5 carcinogenesis show p53 dependent enhanced proliferation in vitro, as well as increased susceptibility to induction of cancer in vivo. Whole genomic expression analysis of the E2/E4/E5 pharyngeal cancer subtype is defined by activation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway and this subtype is susceptible to combination FGFR and mTOR inhibition, with implications for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Ren
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Daria A Gaykalova
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theresa Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander V Favorov
- Division of Oncology Biostatistics, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Systems Biology and Computational Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Division of Oncology Biostatistics, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Juan Luis Callejas-Valera
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Mike Allevato
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mara Gilardi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Santos
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Takahito Fukusumi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Akihiro Sakai
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mizuo Ando
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sayed Sadat
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Guorong Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Fisch
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alfredo A Molinolo
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wayne M Koch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph A Califano
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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18
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Overexpression of PREX1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma indicates poor prognosis. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:531-540. [PMID: 32785873 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger (P-Rex) proteins control many fundamental cellular functions including cell migration, actin cytoskeletal rearrangement and adhesion in many cancers. However, P-Rex1 expression and its prognostic effect and possible clinical value are not clearly elucidated in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, OSCC tissue microarrays were used to verify the expression levels of P-Rex1, coinhibitory immune checkpoints and tumor associated macrophage (TAM) markers, and to analyze the relationship between PREX1 expression levels and clinicopathological characteristics in OSCC. The study found that P-Rex1 expression was elevated in OSCC compared to dysplasia and normal mucosa (P < 0.0001). In addition, patients who expressed high PREX1 had a poorer prognosis than those who expressed low PREX1 (P = 0.0070). Furthermore, positive correlations were found between P-Rex1 expression and the immune checkpoints PD-L1, Galectin-9 and B7-H4, and the TAM markers CD68, CD206 and CD163. In short, these findings implicated that overexpression of P-Rex1 may predict a poor prognosis in human OSCC.
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19
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Sanz Ressel BL, Massone AR, Barbeito CG. Dysregulated Expression of Phosphorylated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue in Canine Cutaneous Papillomas and Squamous Cell Carcinomas. J Comp Pathol 2019; 174:26-33. [PMID: 31955800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms contributing to the development of cutaneous papillomas (CPs) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (CSCCs) are still poorly understood, limiting the ability to identify molecular suitable targets for the development of novel therapies. Persistent activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signalling pathway is a component of epidermal carcinogenesis in dogs. The present study describes the immunohistochemical expression pattern of two key regulatory molecules involved in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway, phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (pEGFR)Tyr1068 and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), in samples of normal canine epidermis, CP, preneoplastic epidermis and CSCC using tissue microarrays to determine whether the deregulated activity of these molecules is involved in the pathogenesis of these relevant epidermal tumours of dogs. Expression of pEGFR and PTEN was dysregulated in most samples of CP, preneoplastic epidermis and CSCC. Overexpression of pEGFR, together with decreased expression of PTEN, may facilitate the progression of some canine CPs and CSCCs by deregulation of the key cellular functions in which the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway is involved. These findings suggest that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling molecules may be potential therapeutic targets for canine patients with CP and CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Sanz Ressel
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada (LHYEDEC), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, CONICET, UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - A R Massone
- Laboratorio de Patología Especial Veterinaria Dr. Bernardo Epstein, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C G Barbeito
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada (LHYEDEC), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, CONICET, UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Sandulache VC, Lei YL, Heasley LE, Chang M, Amos CI, Sturgis EM, Graboyes E, Chiao EY, Rogus-Pulia N, Lewis J, Madabhushi A, Frederick MJ, Sabichi A, Ittmann M, Yarbrough WG, Chung CH, Ferrarotto R, Mai W, Skinner HD, Duvvuri U, Gerngross P, Sikora AG. Innovations in risk-stratification and treatment of Veterans with oropharynx cancer; roadmap of the 2019 Field Based Meeting. Oral Oncol 2019; 102:104440. [PMID: 31648864 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.104440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V C Sandulache
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; ENT Section, Operative Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Y L Lei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - L E Heasley
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - M Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - C I Amos
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - E M Sturgis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - E Graboyes
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - E Y Chiao
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - N Rogus-Pulia
- Speech Pathology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI, United States; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
| | - J Lewis
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - A Madabhushi
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States; Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - M J Frederick
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - A Sabichi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Medical Care Line, Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - M Ittmann
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Pathology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - W G Yarbrough
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - C H Chung
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - R Ferrarotto
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Weiyuan Mai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - H D Skinner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - U Duvvuri
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; ENT Section, Operative Care Line, Pittsburgh Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - P Gerngross
- Dental Service Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - A G Sikora
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; ENT Section, Operative Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States.
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21
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Chen T, Li J, Wang S, Ning Y, Zhou X, Wang Y. High-risk HPV E6/E7 mRNA in situ hybridization in endocervical glandular neoplasia: performance compared with p16 INK4a and Ki67 immunochemistry. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:6498-6506. [PMID: 31737201 PMCID: PMC6834507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA in situ hybridization (HR-HPV RISH) can detect HPV-driven endocervical glandular neoplasia. Our aim was to compare its diagnostic performance with the conventional p16INK4a and Ki67 immunochemistry (IHC). METHODS HR-HPV RISH and IHC were performed in normal cervix (n = 70), reactive cervix (n = 60), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) (n = 92), endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA) and adenosquamous carcinoma (n = 21) samples (n = 163). The sensitivities and specificities of the three markers were compared in the benign, AIS, HPV-associated adenocarcinoma (HPVA) and non HPV-associated adenocarcinoma (NHPVA) samples, and in 39 endocervical curettage specimens containing endometrial and HPV-associated neoplastic glands. Finally, the inter-observer agreement rate for the three markers were calculated. RESULTS The sensitivities of HR-HPV RISH, P16INK4a and Ki67 were 100% for the HPV-related glandular neoplasia and HPVAs in ECAs, while the specificity of HR-HPV RISH (100%) were higher than the other two (88.89% and 17.77% for P16INK4a and Ki67 respectively) in the HPVAs. Furthermore, HR-HPV RISH was more specific than either p16INK4a block+ or Ki67 in the endocervical curettage specimens and in HPVAs with poor differentiation. Finally, the inter-observer agreement for HR-HPV RISH was higher than that for the morphological, p16INK4a block+ and Ki67 markers (99.67% vs. 95.10%, 99.35% and 90.85% respectively). CONCLUSIONS HR-HPV RISH is highly sensitive and specific for HPV-driven endocervical glandular neoplasia compared to p16INK4a and Ki67, and should be incorporated for ECA diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University No. 128, Shenyang Road, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University No. 128, Shenyang Road, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Shunni Wang
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University No. 128, Shenyang Road, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yan Ning
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University No. 128, Shenyang Road, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University No. 128, Shenyang Road, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yiqin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University No. 128, Shenyang Road, Shanghai 200082, China
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22
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Sanz Ressel BL, Massone AR, Barbeito CG. Dysregulated expression of the key effectors of the mammalian target of rapamycin signalling pathway in cutaneous papillomas of dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:522-527. [PMID: 31222908 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous papillomas (CP) are one of the most common skin neoplasms in dogs. Different murine models have shown that persistent activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway has a central role in the development and progression of CP. The purpose of this study were to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression pattern of two key molecules involved in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway, pAktSer473 , and pS6Ser235/236 , on 36 canine specimens of CP using a tissue microarray. The results show that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway is persistently activated in CP of dogs, pointing to this pathway as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice L Sanz Ressel
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada (LHYEDEC), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.,FCV, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Adriana R Massone
- Laboratorio de Patología Especial Veterinaria Dr. Bernardo Epstein, FCV, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Claudio G Barbeito
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada (LHYEDEC), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.,FCV, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
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23
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Dihydrocapsaicin Inhibits Epithelial Cell Transformation through Targeting Amino Acid Signaling and c-Fos Expression. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061269. [PMID: 31167465 PMCID: PMC6627986 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chili peppers are one of the most widely consumed spices worldwide. However, research on the health benefits of chili peppers and some of its constituents has raised controversy as to whether chili pepper compounds possess cancer-promoting or cancer-preventive effects. While ample studies have been carried out to examine the effect of capsaicin in carcinogenesis, the chemopreventive effect of other major components in chili pepper, including dihydrocapsaicin, capsiate, and capsanthin, is relatively unclear. Herein, we investigated the inhibitory effect of chili pepper components on malignant cell transformation. Among the tested chili pepper compounds, dihydrocapsaicin displayed the strongest inhibitory activity against epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced neoplastic transformation. Dihydrocapsaicin specifically suppressed EGF-induced phosphorylations of the p70S6K1-S6 pathway and the expression of c-Fos. A reduction in c-Fos levels by dihydrocapsaicin led to a concomitant downregulation of AP-1 activation. Further analysis of the molecular mechanism responsible for the dihydrocapsaicin-mediated decrease in phospho-p70S6K1, revealed that dihydrocapsaicin can block amino acid-dependent mechanistic targets of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-p70S6K1-S6 signal activation. Additionally, dihydrocapsaicin was able to selectively augment amino acid deprivation-induced cell death in mTORC1-hyperactive cells. Collectively, dihydrocapsaicin exerted chemopreventive effects through inhibiting amino acid signaling and c-Fos pathways and, thus, might be a promising cancer preventive natural agent.
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24
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Tan FH, Bai Y, Saintigny P, Darido C. mTOR Signalling in Head and Neck Cancer: Heads Up. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040333. [PMID: 30970654 PMCID: PMC6523933 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway is a central regulator of metabolism in all cells. It senses intracellular and extracellular signals and nutrient levels, and coordinates the metabolic requirements for cell growth, survival, and proliferation. Genetic alterations that deregulate mTOR signalling lead to metabolic reprogramming, resulting in the development of several cancers including those of the head and neck. Gain-of-function mutations in EGFR, PIK3CA, and HRAS, or loss-of-function in p53 and PTEN are often associated with mTOR hyperactivation, whereas mutations identified from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset that potentially lead to aberrant mTOR signalling are found in the EIF4G1, PLD1, RAC1, and SZT2 genes. In this review, we discuss how these mutant genes could affect mTOR signalling and highlight their impact on metabolic processes, as well as suggest potential targets for therapeutic intervention, primarily in head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona H Tan
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Yuchen Bai
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Pierre Saintigny
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Charbel Darido
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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25
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Annala S, Feng X, Shridhar N, Eryilmaz F, Patt J, Yang J, Pfeil EM, Cervantes-Villagrana RD, Inoue A, Häberlein F, Slodczyk T, Reher R, Kehraus S, Monteleone S, Schrage R, Heycke N, Rick U, Engel S, Pfeifer A, Kolb P, König G, Bünemann M, Tüting T, Vázquez-Prado J, Gutkind JS, Gaffal E, Kostenis E. Direct targeting of Gαq and Gα11 oncoproteins in cancer cells. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/573/eaau5948. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau5948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Somatic gain-of-function mutations of GNAQ and GNA11, which encode α subunits of heterotrimeric Gαq/11 proteins, occur in about 85% of cases of uveal melanoma (UM), the most common cancer of the adult eye. Molecular therapies to directly target these oncoproteins are lacking, and current treatment options rely on radiation, surgery, or inhibition of effector molecules downstream of these G proteins. A hallmark feature of oncogenic Gαq/11 proteins is their reduced intrinsic rate of hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), which results in their accumulation in the GTP-bound, active state. Here, we report that the cyclic depsipeptide FR900359 (FR) directly interacted with GTPase-deficient Gαq/11 proteins and preferentially inhibited mitogenic ERK signaling rather than canonical phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) signaling driven by these oncogenes. Thereby, FR suppressed the proliferation of melanoma cells in culture and inhibited the growth of Gαq-driven UM mouse xenografts in vivo. In contrast, FR did not affect tumor growth when xenografts carried mutated B-RafV600E as the oncogenic driver. Because FR enabled suppression of malignant traits in cancer cells that are driven by activating mutations at codon 209 in Gαq/11 proteins, we envision that similar approaches could be taken to blunt the signaling of non-Gαq/11 G proteins.
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26
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The role of miRNAs in the invasion and metastasis of cervical cancer. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181377. [PMID: 30833362 PMCID: PMC6418402 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) with early metastasis of the primary tumor results in poor prognosis and poor therapeutic outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules that play a substantial role in regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally and influence the development and progression of tumors. Numerous studies have discovered that miRNAs play significant roles in the invasion and metastasis of CC by affecting specific pathways, including Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, and phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathways. miRNAs also effectively modulate the process of epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Many studies provide new insights into the role of miRNAs and the pathogenesis of metastatic CC. In this review, we will offer an overview and update of our present understanding of the potential roles of miRNAs in metastatic CC.
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27
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Gillison ML, Akagi K, Xiao W, Jiang B, Pickard RKL, Li J, Swanson BJ, Agrawal AD, Zucker M, Stache-Crain B, Emde AK, Geiger HM, Robine N, Coombes KR, Symer DE. Human papillomavirus and the landscape of secondary genetic alterations in oral cancers. Genome Res 2018; 29:1-17. [PMID: 30563911 PMCID: PMC6314162 DOI: 10.1101/gr.241141.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary but insufficient cause of a subset of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) that is increasing markedly in frequency. To identify contributory, secondary genetic alterations in these cancers, we used comprehensive genomics methods to compare 149 HPV-positive and 335 HPV-negative OSCC tumor/normal pairs. Different behavioral risk factors underlying the two OSCC types were reflected in distinctive genomic mutational signatures. In HPV-positive OSCCs, the signatures of APOBEC cytosine deaminase editing, associated with anti-viral immunity, were strongly linked to overall mutational burden. In contrast, in HPV-negative OSCCs, T>C substitutions in the sequence context 5'-ATN-3' correlated with tobacco exposure. Universal expression of HPV E6*1 and E7 oncogenes was a sine qua non of HPV-positive OSCCs. Significant enrichment of somatic mutations was confirmed or newly identified in PIK3CA, KMT2D, FGFR3, FBXW7, DDX3X, PTEN, TRAF3, RB1, CYLD, RIPK4, ZNF750, EP300, CASZ1, TAF5, RBL1, IFNGR1, and NFKBIA Of these, many affect host pathways already targeted by HPV oncoproteins, including the p53 and pRB pathways, or disrupt host defenses against viral infections, including interferon (IFN) and nuclear factor kappa B signaling. Frequent copy number changes were associated with concordant changes in gene expression. Chr 11q (including CCND1) and 14q (including DICER1 and AKT1) were recurrently lost in HPV-positive OSCCs, in contrast to their gains in HPV-negative OSCCs. High-ranking variant allele fractions implicated ZNF750, PIK3CA, and EP300 mutations as candidate driver events in HPV-positive cancers. We conclude that virus-host interactions cooperatively shape the unique genetic features of these cancers, distinguishing them from their HPV-negative counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura L Gillison
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Keiko Akagi
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Weihong Xiao
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Robert K L Pickard
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Jingfeng Li
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Benjamin J Swanson
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Amit D Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Mark Zucker
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kevin R Coombes
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - David E Symer
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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28
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Wang H, Chen L, Ma W, Zeng Y, Qin L, Chen M, Li L. Prediction and identification of human leukocyte antigen-A2-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope peptides from the human papillomavirus 58 E7 protein. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2003-2008. [PMID: 30008894 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) is the primary cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical carcinoma. HPV58 is the third most common HPV genotype in China after HPV16 and HPV18. HPV E6 and E7 are oncoproteins and are constitutively expressed in HPV-associated cancer cells, therefore they are considered to be ideal target antigens for immunotherapy, including HPV therapeutic vaccine. In the present study, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope peptides were predicted and screened from HPV58 E7 antigen and their immunogenicity was subsequently determined. A total of 6 HLA-A2-binding peptides derived from HPV58 E7 were predicted and selected using 3 different prediction programs. A negative control peptide and PBS were used as two negative controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with HLA-A2(+) allele were used to detect the specific cellular immune response among the 6 predicted peptides by enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISOPT). Following preliminary screening for the predicted peptides, the antigenicity of the peptide HPV58 E772-80 was further assessed by an immunoassay to a vaccine contained HPV58 E7 antigen. Specific humoral and cellular immunity were detected using the peptide HPV58 E772-80 as the specific antigen. A total of 6 peptides from HPV58 E7 protein were predicted and subsequently named P1 (E77-15: TLREYILDL), P2 (E714-22: DLHPEPTDL), P3 (E769-77: CINSTTTDV), and P4 (E772-80: STTTDVRTL), P5 (E779-87: TLQQLLMGT) and P6 (E783-91: LLMGTCTIV). In the ELISPOT assay on HLA-A2 (+) human PBMCs, interferon (IFN)-γ-production was evident in the P2 and P4 groups. The average numbers of IFN-γ associated spots in the P2 and P4 groups was 50.61±5.37 spot-forming cells (SFC)/1×105 and 266±34.42 SFC/1×105, respectively. The numbers of spots in the two peptides were significantly increased compared with the other 4 peptides and the control groups (P<0.05). In the further antigenicity verification of P4 (HPV58 E772-80), the peptide only stimulated the humoral immune response of the AD-HPV16/18/58 mE6E7 vaccine containing HPV58 E7 antigen. Compared with the 2 negative control groups (1:400), the antibody titers of the vaccine group (1:25,600) were significantly increased (P<0.05). In cellular immunoassays the average number of IFN-γ associated spots was 143.3±32.13 SFC/1×105 in the vaccine group, which was significantly enhanced compared with the PBS group (8±5.29 SFC/1×105; P<0.01) and the AD-NC group (28±5.13 SFC/1×105; P<0.01). The peptide HPV58 E772-80 (STTTDVRTL) displayed sufficient antigenicity to a vaccine contained HPV58 E7 antigen. Therefore, HPV58 E772-80 peptide may be considered as a candidate epitope peptide for the construction of HPV58 peptide vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Gynecologist Tumor Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lilai Chen
- Gynecologist Tumor Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Weihong Ma
- Gynecologist Tumor Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Gynecologist Tumor Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lu Qin
- Gynecologist Tumor Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Mengjie Chen
- Gynecologist Tumor Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Gynecologist Tumor Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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29
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Wu H, Deng WW, Yang LL, Zhang WF, Sun ZJ. Expression and phosphorylation of Stathmin 1 indicate poor survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and associate with immune suppression. Biomark Med 2018; 12:759-769. [PMID: 29847156 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Stathmin 1 and Serine 38 phospho-Stathmin 1 (p-Stathmin 1S38) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and research its correlation with clinical parameters, survival and expression of immune checkpoint molecules. RESULTS Stathmin 1 and p-Stathmin 1S38 overexpression in primary HNSCC is associated with poor overall survival. Stathmin 1 expression is related to tumor size, category and lymph node status. Stathmin 1 expression correlates with PD-L1, TIM3, VISTA, B7-H3, B7-H4, LAG-3 and p-STAT3 expression in HNSCC. P-Stathmin 1S38 expression correlates with PD-L1, VISTA, B7-H4, LAG-3 and p-STAT3 in HNSCC. CONCLUSION We found expression of Stathmin 1 and p-Stathmin 1S38 indicates poor survival in HNSCC and may be associated with immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wei-Wei Deng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lei-Lei Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
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30
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Tan YS, Sansanaphongpricha K, Xie Y, Donnelly CR, Luo X, Heath BR, Zhao X, Bellile E, Hu H, Chen H, Polverini PJ, Chen Q, Young S, Carey TE, Nör JE, Ferris RL, Wolf GT, Sun D, Lei YL. Mitigating SOX2-potentiated Immune Escape of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma with a STING-inducing Nanosatellite Vaccine. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:4242-4255. [PMID: 29769207 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The response rates of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) to checkpoint blockade are below 20%. We aim to develop a mechanism-based vaccine to prevent HNSCC immune escape.Experimental Design: We performed RNA-Seq of sensitive and resistant HNSCC cells to discover central pathways promoting resistance to immune killing. Using biochemistry, animal models, HNSCC microarray, and immune cell deconvolution, we assessed the role of SOX2 in inhibiting STING-type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling-mediated antitumor immunity. To bypass SOX2-potentiated STING suppression, we engineered a novel tumor antigen-targeted nanosatellite vehicle to enhance the efficacy of STING agonist and sensitize SOX2-expressing HNSCC to checkpoint blockade.Results: The DNA-sensing defense response is the most suppressed pathway in immune-resistant HNSCC cells. We identified SOX2 as a novel inhibitor of STING. SOX2 facilitates autophagy-dependent degradation of STING and inhibits IFN-I signaling. SOX2 potentiates an immunosuppressive microenvironment and promotes HNSCC growth in vivo in an IFN-I-dependent fashion. Our unique nanosatellite vehicle significantly enhances the efficacy of STING agonist. We show that the E6/E7-targeted nanosatellite vaccine expands the tumor-specific CD8+ T cells by over 12-fold in the tumor microenvironment and reduces tumor burden. A combination of nanosatellite vaccine with anti-PD-L1 significantly expands tumor-specific CTLs and limits the populations expressing markers for exhaustion, resulting in more effective tumor control and improved survival.Conclusions: SOX2 dampens the immunogenicity of HNSCC by targeting the STING pathway for degradation. The nanosatellite vaccine offers a novel and effective approach to enhance the adjuvant potential of STING agonist and break cancer tolerance to immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(17); 4242-55. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Sun Tan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, The University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kanokwan Sansanaphongpricha
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yuying Xie
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Christopher R Donnelly
- Oral Health Sciences PhD Program, The University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xiaobo Luo
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, The University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Blake R Heath
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, The University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Graduate Program in Immunology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, The University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Emily Bellile
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hongxiang Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Peter J Polverini
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, The University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Simon Young
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas E Carey
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, the University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jacques E Nör
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, the University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, the University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, the University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Duxin Sun
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yu L Lei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, The University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan. .,University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Oral Health Sciences PhD Program, The University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Graduate Program in Immunology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, the University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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31
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Luo JJ, Young CD, Zhou HM, Wang XJ. Mouse Models for Studying Oral Cancer: Impact in the Era of Cancer Immunotherapy. J Dent Res 2018; 97:683-690. [PMID: 29649368 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518767635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Model systems for oral cancer research have progressed from tumor epithelial cell cultures to in vivo systems that mimic oral cancer genetics, pathological characteristics, and tumor-stroma interactions of oral cancer patients. In the era of cancer immunotherapy, it is imperative to use model systems to test oral cancer prevention and therapeutic interventions in the presence of an immune system and to discover mechanisms of stromal contributions to oral cancer carcinogenesis. Here, we review in vivo mouse model systems commonly used for studying oral cancer and discuss the impact these models are having in advancing basic mechanisms, chemoprevention, and therapeutic intervention of oral cancer while highlighting recent discoveries concerning the role of immune cells in oral cancer. Improvements to in vivo model systems that highly recapitulate human oral cancer hold the key to identifying features of oral cancer initiation, progression, and invasion as well as molecular and cellular targets for prevention, therapeutic response, and immunotherapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Luo
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,2 Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - C D Young
- 2 Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - H M Zhou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X J Wang
- 2 Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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32
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Wang Z, Valera JC, Zhao X, Chen Q, Gutkind JS. mTOR co-targeting strategies for head and neck cancer therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 36:491-502. [PMID: 28822012 PMCID: PMC5613059 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. There is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat HNSCC. Recent deep sequencing of the HNSCC genomic landscape revealed a multiplicity and diversity of genetic alterations in this malignancy. Although a large variety of specific molecules were found altered in each individual tumor, they all participate in only a handful of driver signaling pathways. Among them, the PI3K/mTOR pathway is the most frequently activated, which plays a central role in cancer initiation and progression. In turn, targeting of mTOR may represent a precision therapeutic approach for HNSCC. Indeed, mTOR inhibition exerts potent anti-tumor activity in HNSCC experimental systems, and mTOR targeting clinical trials show encouraging results. However, advanced HNSCC patients may exhibit unpredictable drug resistance, and the analysis of its molecular basis suggests that co-targeting strategies may provide a more effective option. In addition, although counterintuitive, emerging evidence suggests that mTOR inhibition may enhance the anti-tumor immune response. These new findings raise the possibility that the combination of mTOR inhibitors and immune oncology agents may provide novel precision therapeutic options for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | | | - Xuefeng Zhao
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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33
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Zhu L, Su F, Xu Y, Zou Q. Network-based method for mining novel HPV infection related genes using random walk with restart algorithm. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:2376-2383. [PMID: 29197659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV), a common virus that infects the reproductive tract, may lead to malignant changes within the infection area in certain cases and is directly associated with such cancers as cervical cancer, anal cancer, and vaginal cancer. Identification of novel HPV infection related genes can lead to a better understanding of the specific signal pathways and cellular processes related to HPV infection, providing information for the development of more efficient therapies. In this study, several novel HPV infection related genes were predicted by a computation method based on the known genes involved in HPV infection from HPVbase. This method applied the algorithm of random walk with restart (RWR) to a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The candidate genes were further filtered by the permutation and association tests. These steps eliminated genes occupying special positions in the PPI network and selected key genes with strong associations to known HPV infection related genes based on the interaction confidence and functional similarity obtained from published databases, such as STRING, gene ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways. Our study identified 104 novel HPV infection related genes, a number of which were confirmed to relate to the infection processes and complications of HPV infection, as reported in the literature. These results demonstrate the reliability of our method in identifying HPV infection related genes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Accelerating Precision Medicine through Genetic and Genomic Big Data Analysis edited by Yudong Cai & Tao Huang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liucun Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Fangchu Su
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - YaoChen Xu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Quan Zou
- School of Computer Science and Technology, TianJin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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34
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Cimas FJ, Callejas-Valera JL, García-Olmo DC, Hernández-Losa J, Melgar-Rojas P, Ruiz-Hidalgo MJ, Pascual-Serra R, Ortega-Muelas M, Roche O, Marcos P, Garcia-Gil E, Fernandez-Aroca DM, Ramón y Cajal S, Gutkind JS, Sanchez-Prieto R. E1a is an exogenous in vivo tumour suppressor. Cancer Lett 2017; 399:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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