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Karabale N, Dhawan P, Kaur H, Mahesh S. Effects of Nitric Oxide Supplementation on the Levels of Interleukin-6 in Saliva after Dental Implant Placement - A Prospective Study. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2023; 13:195-199. [PMID: 38405560 PMCID: PMC10883212 DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_77_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the levels of salivary Interleukin-6 (IL-6) before and after the placement of dental implants in patients who are supplemented with nitric oxide (NO). Materials and Methods The study comprised 34 patients, divided into control and study groups (17 in each group). The control group was given a placebo and in the study group, nitric oxide supplement was prescribed, whereas the control group received a placebo. Saliva samples were taken before placement of dental implants, first and third day after the implant placement. The levels of salivary IL-6 were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Results Statistical analysis showed a significant P value (<0.05) with respect to IL-6 levels on first and third days after placement of dental implants. Salivary IL-6 levels in the study group declined significantly. On day three, the IL-6 values for the control and study groups were 0.0639 and 0.0443, respectively. Within the groups, it was observed that there was a significant decrease in IL-6 values from day one to day three. Discussion The levels of salivary IL-6 reduced from day one to day three more significantly and consistently in patients prescribed with NO supplements post-dental implant placement, suggesting better resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Karabale
- Department of Prosthodontics, Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Pankaj Dhawan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Department of Prosthodontics, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shakila Mahesh
- Department of Microbiology, Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Woolf EK, Terwoord JD, Litwin NS, Vazquez AR, Lee SY, Ghanem N, Michell KA, Smith BT, Grabos LE, Ketelhut NB, Bachman NP, Smith ME, Le Sayec M, Rao S, Gentile CL, Weir TL, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Seals DR, Dinenno FA, Johnson SA. Daily blueberry consumption for 12 weeks improves endothelial function in postmenopausal women with above-normal blood pressure through reductions in oxidative stress: a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 2023; 14:2621-2641. [PMID: 36847333 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women have oxidative stress-mediated suppression of endothelial function that is exacerbated by high blood pressure. Previous research suggests blueberries may improve endothelial function through reductions in oxidative stress, while also exerting other cardiovascular benefits. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of blueberries to improve endothelial function and blood pressure in postmenopausal women with above-normal blood pressure, and to identify potential mechanisms for improvements in endothelial function. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm clinical trial was performed, where postmenopausal women aged 45-65 years with elevated blood pressure or stage 1-hypertension (total n = 43, endothelial function n = 32) consumed 22 g day-1 of freeze-dried highbush blueberry powder or placebo powder for 12 weeks. Endothelial function was assessed at baseline and 12 weeks through ultrasound measurement of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) normalized to shear rate area under the curve (FMD/SRAUC) before and after intravenous infusion of a supraphysiologic dose of ascorbic acid to evaluate whether FMD improvements were mediated by reduced oxidative stress. Hemodynamics, arterial stiffness, cardiometabolic blood biomarkers, and plasma (poly)phenol metabolites were assessed at baseline and 4, 8, and 12 weeks, and venous endothelial cell protein expression was assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. Absolute FMD/SRAUC was 96% higher following blueberry consumption compared to baseline (p < 0.05) but unchanged in the placebo group (p > 0.05), and changes from baseline to 12 weeks were greater in the blueberry group than placebo (+1.09 × 10-4 ± 4.12 × 10-5vs. +3.82 × 10-6 ± 1.59 × 10-5, p < 0.03, respectively). The FMD/SRAUC response to ascorbic acid infusion was lower (p < 0.05) at 12 weeks compared to baseline in the blueberry group with no change in the placebo group (p > 0.05). The sum of plasma (poly)phenol metabolites increased at 4, 8, and 12 weeks in the blueberry group compared to baseline, and were higher than the placebo group (all p < 0.05). Increases in several plasma flavonoid and microbial metabolites were also noted. No major differences were found for blood pressure, arterial stiffness, blood biomarkers, or endothelial cell protein expression following blueberry consumption. These findings suggest daily consumption of freeze-dried blueberry powder for 12 weeks improves endothelial function through reduced oxidative stress in postmenopausal women with above-normal blood pressure. The clinical trial registry number is NCT03370991 (https://clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Woolf
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Janée D Terwoord
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nicole S Litwin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Allegra R Vazquez
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Sylvia Y Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Nancy Ghanem
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Kiri A Michell
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Brayden T Smith
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Lauren E Grabos
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Nathaniel B Ketelhut
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nate P Bachman
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Meghan E Smith
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Melanie Le Sayec
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Christopher L Gentile
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Tiffany L Weir
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Frank A Dinenno
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Volino-Souza M, Oliveira GVD, Pinheiro VDS, Conte-Junior CA, Alvares TDS. The effect of dietary nitrate on macro- and microvascular function: A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1225-1236. [PMID: 36062809 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2113989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated the impact of dietary nitrate on vascular function due to the association between dietary nitrate ingestion and improvement in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Considering that NO can present different effects through vascular beds (macro- vs. microvasculature) due to the specific characteristic (function and morphology) that each vessel exhibits, it is crucial to investigate the effect of dietary nitrate ingestion on the macro- and microvascular function to understand the effect of nitrate on vascular function. For this reason, this review aimed to evaluate the impact of dietary nitrate on macro- and microvascular function in humans. A total of 29 studies were included in the systematic review, of which 19 studies evaluated the effect of nitrate supplementation on macrovascular function, eight studies evaluated the effect on microvascular function, and two studies evaluated the impact on both macro- and microvascular function. The literature suggests that dietary nitrate ingestion seems to improve the vascular function in macrovasculature, whereas microvascular function appears to be modest. Future studies investigating the effect of nitrate ingestion on vascular function should focus on measuring macro- and microvascular function whenever possible so that the impact of nitrate-rich foods on vascular segments could be better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Volino-Souza
- Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Multidisciplinary Center UFRJ-Macaé, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Vieira de Oliveira
- Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Multidisciplinary Center UFRJ-Macaé, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Nanotechnology Network, Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vivian Dos Santos Pinheiro
- Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Multidisciplinary Center UFRJ-Macaé, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Nanotechnology Network, Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago da Silveira Alvares
- Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Multidisciplinary Center UFRJ-Macaé, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Institute, Multidisciplinary Center UFRJ-Macaé, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil
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Bahrami LS, Mohebaty M, Arabi SM, Tabesh H, Nematy M, Rezvani R. Effect of beetroot or beetroot plus vitamin C supplementation on cardiovascular function in patients with coronary artery disease: protocol for a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061394. [PMID: 35710253 PMCID: PMC9204440 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronary artery disease (CAD), classified into the atherosclerosis category, is a prevalent cardiovascular disease worldwide that is associated with serious comorbidities and death. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of beetroot/beetroot plus vitamin C on cardiovascular health status and function in patients with CAD. METHOD AND ANALYSIS A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial to recruit 90 patients with CAD at the cardiac outpatient clinic and Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Participants will be divided into three groups: (1) Those who receive 500 mg three times a day of beetroot capsules, (2) Those who receive 500 mg three times a day of beetroot plus vitamin C capsules, and (3) Those who receive placebo capsules three times a day for 4 weeks. Pulse wave velocity, Augmentation Index, heart rate, volume of oxygen (VO2) max/VO2 peak, peak heart rate, blood pressure, interleukin 6 (IL-6), high sensitivity C reactive protein, intercellular adhesion molecule, vascular cell adhesion molecule, lipid profile and anthropometry will be measured at the beginning and end of the intervention. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (IR.MUMS.MEDICAL.REC.1399.717). All participants will be asked to complete the consent form at the beginning of the study. The results will be actively disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT20210217050393N1 (registered 16 May 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Sadat Bahrami
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohebaty
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mostafa Arabi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Hamed Tabesh
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Rezvani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Krishnan S, Gertz ER, Adams SH, Newman JW, Pedersen TL, Keim NL, Bennett BJ. Effects of a diet based on the Dietary Guidelines on vascular health and TMAO in women with cardiometabolic risk factors. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:210-219. [PMID: 34895998 PMCID: PMC8798222 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent evidence links trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) to endothelial dysfunction, an early indicator of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine whether short-term consumption of a diet patterned after the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) would affect endothelial function, plasma TMAO concentrations, and cardiovascular disease risk, differently than a typical American Diet (TAD). METHODS AND RESULTS An 8-wk controlled feeding trial was conducted in overweight/obese women pre-screened for insulin resistance and/or dyslipidemia. Women were randomized to a DGA or TAD group (n = 22/group). At wk0 (pre-intervention) and wk8 (post-intervention) vascular age was calculated; endothelial function (reactive hyperemia index (RHI)) and augmentation index (AI@75) were measured using EndoPAT, and plasma TMAO was measured by LC-MS/MS. Vascular age was reduced in DGA at wk8 compared to wk0 but TAD wk8 was not different from wk0 (DGA wk0: 54.2 ± 4.0 vs. wk8: 50.5 ± 3.1 (p = 0.05), vs. TAD wk8: 47.7 ± 2.3). Plasma TMAO concentrations, RHI, and AI@75 were not different between groups or weeks. CONCLUSION Consumption of a diet based on the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans for 8 weeks did not improve endothelial function or reduce plasma TMAO. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT02298725.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Krishnan
- USDA-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Erik R Gertz
- USDA-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA; Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - John W Newman
- USDA-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Theresa L Pedersen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nancy L Keim
- USDA-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brian J Bennett
- USDA-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Trikha SRJ, Lee DM, Ecton KE, Wrigley SD, Vazquez AR, Litwin NS, Thomas KN, Wei Y, Battson ML, Johnson SA, Kuhn KA, Colgan SP, Gentile CL, Weir TL. Transplantation of an obesity-associated human gut microbiota to mice induces vascular dysfunction and glucose intolerance. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1940791. [PMID: 34313540 PMCID: PMC8317959 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1940791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent preclinical data suggest that alterations in the gut microbiota may be an important factor linking obesity to vascular dysfunction, an early sign of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to begin translation of these preclinical data by examining whether vascular phenotypes in humans are transmissible through the gut microbiota. We hypothesized that germ-free mice colonized with gut microbiota from obese individuals would display diminished vascular function compared to germ-free mice receiving microbiota from lean individuals.We transplanted fecal material from obese and lean age-and sex-matched participants with disparate vascular function to germ-free mice. Using Principle Component Analysis, the microbiota of colonized mice separated by donor group along the first principle component, accounting for between 70-93% of the total variability in the dataset. The microbiota of mice receiving transplants from lean individuals was also characterized by increased alpha diversity, as well as increased relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria, including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides ovatis. Endothelium-dependent dilation, aortic pulse wave velocity and glucose tolerance were significantly altered in mice receiving microbiota from the obese donor relative to those receiving microbiota from the lean donor or those remaining germ-free.These data indicate that the obesity-associated human gut microbiota is sufficient to alter the vascular phenotype in germ-free mice in the absence of differences in body weight or dietary manipulation, and provide justification for future clinical trials to test the efficacy of microbiota-targeted therapies in the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Raj J. Trikha
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dustin M. Lee
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kayl E. Ecton
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Scott D. Wrigley
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Allegra R. Vazquez
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nicole S. Litwin
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Keely N. Thomas
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Yuren Wei
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Micah L. Battson
- Department of Nutrition, Metropolitan State University, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sarah A. Johnson
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kristine A. Kuhn
- School of Medicine in the Division of Rheumatology and Gnotobiotic Core Director, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sean P. Colgan
- School of Medicine in the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christopher L. Gentile
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA,CONTACT Christopher L. Gentile 208 Gifford Bldg, 1571 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1571, USA
| | - Tiffany L. Weir
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA,Tiffany L. Weir 210 Gifford Bldg, 1571 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1571, USA
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Moreira LDSG, Fanton S, Cardozo L, Borges NA, Combet E, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P, Mafra D. Pink pressure: beetroot (Beta vulgaris rubra) as a possible novel medical therapy for chronic kidney disease. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1041-1061. [PMID: 34613396 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) manifests with systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis, resulting in metabolic disorders and elevated rates of cardiovascular disease-associated death. These all correlate with a high economic cost to healthcare systems. Growing evidence indicates that diet is an indispensable ally in the prevention and management of CKD and its complications. In this context, the root vegetable beetroot (Beta vulgaris rubra) deserves special attention because it is a source of several bioactive compounds, such as nitrate, betaine, and betalain, and has shown beneficial effects in CKD, including reduction of blood pressure, anti-inflammatory effects, and antioxidant actions by scavenging radical oxidative species, as observed in preclinical studies. Beetroot consumption as a possible therapeutic strategy to improve the clinical treatment of patients with CKD and future directions for clinical studies are addressed in this narrative review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís de Souza Gouveia Moreira
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susane Fanton
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ludmila Cardozo
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia A Borges
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilie Combet
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Denise Mafra
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bahrami LS, Arabi SM, Feizy Z, Rezvani R. The effect of beetroot inorganic nitrate supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. Nitric Oxide 2021; 115:8-22. [PMID: 34119659 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inorganic nitrate is one of the most effective compounds in beetroot for improving cardiovascular function due to its conversion to nitric oxide in the body. This review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the role of beetroot inorganic nitrate supplementation on adults' cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review of articles published without time limitation until November 2020 in PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and gray literature databases. We included the original randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in which the effect of beetroot inorganic nitrate supplementation on endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and blood pressure was studied. RESULTS 43 studies were included for qualitative synthesis, out of which 27 were eligible for meta-analysis. Beetroot inorganic nitrate supplementation significantly decreased Arterial Stiffness (Pulse Wave Velocity (-0.27 m/s, p = 0.04)) and increased Endothelial function (Flow Mediated Dilation: 0.62%, p = 0.002) but did not change other parameters (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Beetroot inorganic nitrate supplementation might have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk factors. Further high-quality investigations will be needed to provide sufficient evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Sadat Bahrami
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Mostafa Arabi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
| | - Zahra Feizy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79414, USA.
| | - Reza Rezvani
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Amirpoor A, Zavar R, Amerizadeh A, Asgary S, Moradi S, Farzaei MH, Masoumi G, Sadeghi M. Effect of Beetroot Consumption on Serum Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2021; 47:100887. [PMID: 34154819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.100887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Beetroot has recently become very popular among people as a medicinal superfood that decreases blood pressure and improves athletes' performance. The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of beetroot consumption on serum lipid profile. A literature search was conducted covering PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and Google scholar of English human subject randomized clinical trials (RCT) up to December 2020. Pooled results showed that beetroot consumption had no significant effect on any of the variables. The mean difference (95% CI) between intervention and control groups for TC was 1.25 (-0.03, 2.53), for TG -0.47 (-1.16, 0.21), for HDL 0.54 (-0.13, 1.21) and for LDL was -0.48(-1.04, 0.09). Subgroup analysis by the health condition of subjects, the form of beetroot consumption, and type of intervention showed no significant differences. It can be concluded that beetroot cannot be categorized as an effective supplementation for adjustment of lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Amirpoor
- Department of Cardiology, Chamran Cardiovascular Medical and Research Hospital Isfahan, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Zavar
- Department of Cardiology, Chamran Cardiovascular Medical and Research Hospital Isfahan, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Amerizadeh
- Cardiac Department, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Asgary
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Masoumi
- Department of Cardiology, Chamran Cardiovascular Medical and Research Hospital Isfahan, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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10
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Smeets ETHC, Mensink RP, Hoeks J, de Vogel-Van den Bosch J, Hageman RJJ, Joris PJ. Effects of Beetroot Powder with or without L-Arginine on Postprandial Vascular Endothelial Function: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial with Abdominally Obese Men. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3520. [PMID: 33207606 PMCID: PMC7697292 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Through effects on nitric oxide bioavailability, vascular endothelial function is improved after the intake of a high amount of nitrate or L-arginine, but decreased after the intake of a high-fat meal. Therefore, we compared the effects of beetroot powder with or without L-arginine on postprandial brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) after consumption of a high-fat mixed-meal. METHODS Eighteen abdominally obese men completed this randomized, double-blinded, cross-over trial. The study consisted of five test days, each separated by a wash-out period of at least one week. Participants received in random order, a blended meal with a control or nutritional supplement consisting of beetroot powder providing 200 mg nitrate, beetroot with 0.8 g of L-arginine, beetroot with 1.5 g of L-arginine, or 3.0 g of L-arginine. Participants then fasted and 2 h postprandial FMD measurements were performed. RESULTS No significant differences between meals were observed for postprandial FMD (p = 0.45) levels. However, there was a non-significant trend towards a more beneficial postprandial FMD response with the beetroot-containing meals as compared with meals without beetroot. CONCLUSION This trial could not provide evidence for beneficial additive effects of a single dose of beetroot powder combined with L-arginine on postprandial endothelial function in abdominally obese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen T. H. C. Smeets
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (E.T.H.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Ronald P. Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (E.T.H.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (E.T.H.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (J.H.)
| | | | - Robert J. J. Hageman
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.d.V.-V.d.B.); (R.J.J.H.)
| | - Peter J. Joris
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (E.T.H.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (J.H.)
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11
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How Periodontal Disease and Presence of Nitric Oxide Reducing Oral Bacteria Can Affect Blood Pressure. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207538. [PMID: 33066082 PMCID: PMC7589924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a small gaseous and multifunctional signaling molecule, is involved in the maintenance of metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis. It is endogenously produced in the vascular endothelium by specific enzymes known as NO synthases (NOSs). Subsequently, NO is readily oxidized to nitrite and nitrate. Nitrite is also derived from exogenous inorganic nitrate (NO3) contained in meat, vegetables, and drinking water, resulting in greater plasma NO2 concentration and major reduction in systemic blood pressure (BP). The recycling process of nitrate and nitrite to NO (nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway), known as the enterosalivary cycle of nitrate, is dependent upon oral commensal nitrate-reducing bacteria of the dorsal tongue. Veillonella, Actinomyces, Haemophilus, and Neisseria are the most copious among the nitrate-reducing bacteria. The use of chlorhexidine mouthwashes and tongue cleaning can mitigate the bacterial nitrate-related BP lowering effects. Imbalances in the oral reducing microbiota have been associated with a decrease of NO, promoting endothelial dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular risk. Although there is a relationship between periodontitis and hypertension (HT), the correlation between nitrate-reducing bacteria and HT has been poorly studied. Restoring the oral flora and NO activity by probiotics may be considered a potential therapeutic strategy to treat HT.
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Lee DM, Ecton KE, Trikha SRJ, Wrigley SD, Thomas KN, Battson ML, Wei Y, Johnson SA, Weir TL, Gentile CL. Microbial metabolite indole-3-propionic acid supplementation does not protect mice from the cardiometabolic consequences of a Western diet. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G51-G62. [PMID: 32421360 PMCID: PMC7468755 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00375.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that intestinal microbes regulate host physiology and cardiometabolic health, although the mechanism(s) by which they do so is unclear. Indoles are a group of compounds produced from bacterial metabolism of the amino acid tryptophan. In light of recent data suggesting broad physiological effects of indoles on host physiology, we examined whether indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) would protect mice from the cardiometabolic consequences of a Western diet. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a standard diet (SD) or Western diet (WD) for 5 mo and received normal autoclaved drinking water or water supplemented with IPA (0.1 mg/mL; SD + IPA and WD + IPA). WD feeding led to increased liver triglycerides and makers of inflammation, with no effect of IPA. At 5 mo, arterial stiffness was significantly higher in WD and WD + IPA compared with SD (WD: 485.7 ± 6.7 and WD + IPA: 492.8 ± 8.6 vs. SD: 436.9 ± 7.0 cm/s, P < 0.05) but not SD + IPA (SD + IPA: 468.1 ± 6.6 vs. WD groups, P > 0.05). Supplementation with IPA in the SD + IPA group significantly increased glucose AUC compared with SD mice (SD + IPA: 1,763.3 ± 92.0 vs. SD: 1,397.6 ± 64.0, P < 0.05), and no significant differences were observed among either the WD or WD + IPA groups (WD: 1,623.5 ± 77.3 and WD + IPA: 1,658.4 ± 88.4, P > 0.05). Gut microbiota changes were driven by WD feeding, whereas IPA supplementation drove differences in SD-fed mice. In conclusion, supplementation with IPA did not improve cardiometabolic outcomes in WD-fed mice and may have worsened some parameters in SD-fed mice, suggesting that IPA is not a critical signal mediating WD-induced cardiometabolic dysfunction downstream of the gut microbiota.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The gut microbiota has been shown to mediate host health. Emerging data implicate gut microbial metabolites of tryptophan metabolism as potential important mediators. We examined the effects of indole-3-propionic acid in Western diet-fed mice and found no beneficial cardiometabolic effects. Our data do not support the supposition that indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) mediates beneficial metabolic effects downstream of the gut microbiota and may be potentially deleterious in higher circulating levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin M. Lee
- 1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Kayl E. Ecton
- 1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - S. Raj J. Trikha
- 1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Scott D. Wrigley
- 1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Keely N. Thomas
- 1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Micah L. Battson
- 2Department of Nutrition, Metropolitan State University, Denver, Colorado
| | - Yuren Wei
- 1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Sarah A. Johnson
- 1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Tiffany L. Weir
- 1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Christopher L. Gentile
- 1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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