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Riedel D, Lorke N, Fellerhoff T, Mierau A, Strüder HK, Wolf D, Fischer F, Fellgiebel A, Tüscher O, Kollmann B, Knaepen K. Interhemispheric transfer time correlates with white matter integrity of the corpus callosum in healthy older adults. Neuropsychologia 2024; 193:108761. [PMID: 38104856 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) has been identified as an important structure in the context of cognitive aging (Fling et al., 2011). Interhemispheric transfer time (IHTT) is regularly used in order to estimate interhemispheric integration enabled by the CC (Marzi, 2010; Nowicka and Tacikowski, 2011). However, only little is known with regards to the relationship between IHTT and the structural properties of the CC with only few studies with specific samples and methods available (Whitford et al., 2011). Thus, the present study aimed at investigating this relationship applying an event-related potentials (ERP) based approach of estimating IHTT as well as diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) with fractional anisotropy (FA) as an indicator of white matter integrity (WMI) of the genu, corpus and splenium of the CC. 56 healthy older adults performed a Dimond Task while ERPs were recorded and underwent DWI scanning. IHTT derived from posterior electrode sites correlated significantly with FA of the splenium (r = -0.286*, p = .03) but not the corpus (r = -0.187, p = .08) or genu (r = -0.189, p = .18). The present results support the notion that IHTT is related to WMI of the posterior CC. It may be concluded that ERP based IHTT is a suitable indicator of CC structure and function, however, likely specific to the interhemispheric transfer of visual information. Future studies may wish to confirm these findings in a more divers sample further exploring the precise interrelation between IHTT and structural or functional properties of the CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Riedel
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Address: Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Nicolai Lorke
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Address: Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Fellerhoff
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Address: Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Mierau
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Address: Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, LUNEX International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, Address: 50, Avenue du Parc des Sports, L-4671, Differdange, Luxembourg
| | - Heiko K Strüder
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Address: Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Address: Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Address: Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Fellgiebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Address: Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany; Center for Mental Health in Old Age, Landeskrankenhaus (AöR), Address: Hartmühlenweg 2-4, 55122, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Address: Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Address: Wallstraße 7, 55122, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Address: Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bianca Kollmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Address: Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Address: Wallstraße 7, 55122, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristel Knaepen
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Address: Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
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Ajare EC, Campbell FC, Mgbe EK, Efekemo AO, Onuh AC, Nnamani AO, Okwunodulu O, Ohaegbulam SC. MRI-based morphometric analysis of corpus callosum dimensions of adults in Southeast Nigeria. Libyan J Med 2023; 18:2188649. [PMID: 36946121 PMCID: PMC10035938 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2023.2188649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Corpus callosum (CC) is the largest commissural fibre tract, ensuring swift information transfer and integration in both cerebral hemispheres. Variations in morphometry exist. There is a paucity of data on CC dimensions in our subregion, and no standardized reference is available. The study aims to determine the CC dimensions among the adult population in southeast Nigeria. The result will provide reference ranges and form a benchmark for comparisons of CC-related pathologies. A retrospective study of CC morphometric dimensions in normal subjects who had cranial MRI over two years in Memfys Hospital, Enugu, Southeast Nigeria, using a 1.5T GE© 16 channel machine. The CC was segmentalized into seven subregions using the modified Witelson method with special computer software. All measurements were taken twice from the T1 mid-sagittal image, and the mean was used for computation. The results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A total of 200 subjects were recruited for the study. The mean length and height of the CC were 75.58 ± 4.52 mm and 24.64 ± 3.40 mm, respectively. The width dimensions of the genu, body, rostrum and splenium were 10.88 ± 1.81 mm, 5.66 ± 1.32 mm, 3.65 ± 1.25 mm, and 10.02 ± 1.70 mm, respectively. No gender variations were noted among the different dimensions of CC (P = 0.90). The length and height of CC increase gradually with age and show a positive correlation. The width dimensions of the genu and splenium increase till middle age and subsequently decreases in line with brain atrophy (p = 0.0000& p = 0.004). Using Pearson's correlation test, no correlation was noted in the dimensions of the body and rostrum of the corpus callosum when related to age and sex. (P = 0.92 & p = 0.66). Reference ranges of CC dimensions in our subregion were presented, and variations exist in its different morphometric dimensions which are affected by brain atrophy. Gender does not influence the dimensions in our subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyereibe Chuks Ajare
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Radiology, Memfys Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Emeka K Mgbe
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Aghogho O Efekemo
- Department of Radiology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Augustine Chukwudi Onuh
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Radiology, Memfys Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - A O Nnamani
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
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Isiklar S, Ozdemir ST, Ozkaya G, Ozpar R. Three dimensional development and asymmetry of the corpus callosum in the 0-18 age group: A retrospective magnetic resonance imaging study. Clin Anat 2022; 36:581-598. [PMID: 36527384 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Most of the corpus callosum (CC) developmental studies are concerned with its two-dimensional structure. Linear and area measurements do not directly assess the CC size but estimate the overall structure from the cross-sectional image. This study investigated age- and sex-related changes in volumetric development and asymmetry of CC from birth to 18. For this retrospective study, we selected 696 patients (329 [47.27%] females) with both 3D-T1-weighted sequence and normal radiological anatomy from patients 0-18 years of age who had brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between 2012 and 2020. The genu, body, splenium, and total volume of CC were calculated using MRICloud. The measurement results of 23 age groups were analyzed with SPSS (ver.28). Total CC volume was 18740.76 ± 4314.06 mm3 between 0 and 18 years of age, and its ratio to total brain volume (TBV) was 1.70% ± 0.23%. We observed that the total CC volume has six developmental periods 0 years, 1, 2-4, 5-9, 10-16, and 17-18 years. Genu and body grew in five developmental periods, while splenium in seven. There was intermittent sexual dimorphism in the CC volume in the first 4 years of life (p < 0.05). However, sex factor was insignificant in CC ratio to TBV. Total CC was right lateralized on average 1.81% (ranging -0.59% to 4.52%). Genu was 8.70% lateralized to the right, the body was 2.99% to the left, and the splenium was 1.41% to the right. The three-dimensional development of CC agreed with the two-dimensional developmental data of CC except for some differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefa Isiklar
- Medical Imaging Techniques Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Senem Turan Ozdemir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Güven Ozkaya
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Rıfat Ozpar
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Khasawneh RR, Abu-El-Rub E, Alzu’bi A, Abdelhady GT, Al-Soudi HS. Corpus callosum anatomical changes in Alzheimer patients and the effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on corpus callosum morphometry. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269082. [PMID: 35895623 PMCID: PMC9328497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Corpus Callosum (CC) is an important structure that includes the majority of fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres. Several neurodegenerative diseases may alter CC size and morphology leading to its atrophy and malfunction which may play a role in the pathological manifestations found in these diseases. The purpose of the current study is to determine any possible changes in CC size in patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. The Study also investigated the effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) on the size of CC and its association with improvement in the Alzheimer disease severity scores. Midsagittal size of CC were recorded prospectively from 439 routine T1-weighted MRI brain images in normal individuals. The internal skull surface was measured to calculate CC/ internal skull surface ratio. Two groups of patients were studied: 300 (150 male / 150 female) were healthy subjects and 130 (55 males / 75 females) had Alzheimer disease. Out of the 130 Alzheimer disease pateints, 70 patients were treated with Donepezil or Rivastigmine or both. The size of the CC was measured based on T1-weighted MRI images after the treatment to investigate any possible improvement in CC size. The mean surface area of CC in controls was 6.53±1.105 cm2. There was no significant difference between males and females (P < 0.627), and CC/ internal skull surface ratio was 4.41±0.77%. Patients with mild or severe Alzheimer disease showed a significant reduction in CC size compared to healthy controls. Treating mild Alzheimer patients with either Donepezil or Rivastigmine exerts a comparable therapeutic effect in improving the CC size. There was more improvement in the size of CC in patients with severe Alzheimer disease by using combined therapy of Donepezil and Rivastigmine than using single a medication. we measured the mean size of the various portions of the corpus callosum in normal individuals and Alzheimer patients before and after taking Donepezil and Rivastigmine. Alzheimer patients have pronounced reduction in CC which is corrected after taking Donepezil and Rivastigmine leading to remarkable improvement in Alzheimer disease severity scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramada R. Khasawneh
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ejlal Abu-El-Rub
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ayman Alzu’bi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Gamal T. Abdelhady
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hana S. Al-Soudi
- Nuclear Medicine, King Hussein Medical Center, Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
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Stanwell P, Iverson GL, Van Patten R, Castellani RJ, McCrory P, Gardner AJ. Examining for Cavum Septum Pellucidum and Ventricular Enlargement in Retired Elite-Level Rugby League Players. Front Neurol 2022; 13:817709. [PMID: 35493804 PMCID: PMC9044485 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.817709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveA cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) has been reported as a visible brain anomaly in normal individuals as well in some former combat and collision sport athletes. The appearance of CSP with fenestrations and ventricular enlargement are considered associated features of the neuropathological diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The current study examined CSP anatomic features and lateral ventricle size in retired elite rugby league players and controls.MethodsForty-one retired rugby league players and 41 healthy community controls, similar in age and education, underwent structural MRI scans. CSP grade, CSP length, corpus callosum septal length, and Evans' ratio (for lateral ventricle size) were rated by two of the current study authors. All participants also self-reported concussion exposure histories, depressive symptoms, daytime sleepiness, and impulsivity. They completed a neuropsychological test battery assessing premorbid intellectual functioning, attention, processing speed, language, visuospatial skills, memory, and aspects of executive functioning.ResultsThe two raters had high agreement for CSP grade (Cohen's κ = 0.80), CSP length [intraclass correlation (ICC) = 0.99], corpus callosum septal length (ICC = 0.73), the CSP/septal ratio (ICC = 0.99), and the Evans' ratio (ICC = 0.75). Twenty-five retired players (61.0%) had an abnormal CSP compared to 17 controls [41.5%; χ(1, 82)2 = 3.12, p = 0.08, odds ratio = 2.21]. The CSP/septal ratio was larger for retired players than for the controls. The Evans' ratio did not differ between the two groups. In the retired rugby league players (n = 41), those with normal (n = 16) and abnormal (n = 25) CSP grades did not differ across age, age of first exposure to collision sport, years of sport exposure, concussion history, or 23 clinical and cognitive variables.ConclusionThis study revealed a difference in the size of the CSP between retired professional rugby league players and controls. There was no significant difference in the size of the ventricles between the two groups. There were no significant differences between those with vs. without an abnormal CSP on age of first exposure to rugby league, years of exposure to repetitive neurotrauma, number of lifetime concussions, depression, impulsivity, perceived cognitive decline, or on any neuropsychological test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stanwell
- Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Peter Stanwell
| | - Grant L. Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Spaulding Research Institute, Charlestown, MA, United States
- MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sports Concussion Program, Boston, MA, United States
- Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Ryan Van Patten
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Rudolph J. Castellani
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Paul McCrory
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Gardner
- Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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Riedel D, Fellerhoff T, Mierau A, Strüder H, Wolf D, Fischer F, Fellgiebel A, Tüscher O, Kollmann B, Knaepen K. The impact of aging on interhemispheric transfer time and respective sex differences. AGING BRAIN 2022; 2:100040. [PMID: 36908886 PMCID: PMC9997169 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline has been attributed to degeneration of the corpus callosum (CC), which allows for interhemispheric integration and information processing [22,69]. Along with decreased structural integrity, altered functional properties of the CC may cause impaired cognitive performance in older adults, yet this aspect of age-related decline remains insufficiently researched [59]. In this context, potential sex-related differences have been proposed [31,58]. A promising parameter, which has been suggested to estimate functional properties of the CC is the interhemispheric transfer time (IHTT), which is ideally obtained from event-related potentials (ERP) evoked by lateralized stimuli [45]. To examine the possible functional consequences of aging with regards to the CC, the present study investigated the IHTT of 107 older (67.69 ± 5.18y) as well as of 23 younger participants (25.09 ± 2.59y). IHTT was obtained using an established letter matching task and targeting early N170 ERP components at posterior electrode sites. The results revealed significantly elongated IHTT in older compared to younger participants, but no significant sex differences. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between IHTT and age, predominantly driven by the female participants. The present findings add support to the notion, that IHTT is subject to age-related elongation reflecting impaired interhemispheric transmission. Age-related decline in women appears to occur at a different age range compared to men.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Riedel
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Fellerhoff
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Mierau
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, LUNEX International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, 50, avenue du Parc des Sports L-4671 Differdange, Luxembourg
| | - Heiko Strüder
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Fellgiebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Center for Mental Health in Old Age, Landeskrankenhaus (AöR), Hartmühlenweg 2-4, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Wallstraße 7, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bianca Kollmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Wallstraße 7, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristel Knaepen
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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7
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Brouwer RM, Klein M, Grasby KL, Schnack HG, Jahanshad N, Teeuw J, Thomopoulos SI, Sprooten E, Franz CE, Gogtay N, Kremen WS, Panizzon MS, Olde Loohuis LM, Whelan CD, Aghajani M, Alloza C, Alnæs D, Artiges E, Ayesa-Arriola R, Barker GJ, Bastin ME, Blok E, Bøen E, Breukelaar IA, Bright JK, Buimer EEL, Bülow R, Cannon DM, Ciufolini S, Crossley NA, Damatac CG, Dazzan P, de Mol CL, de Zwarte SMC, Desrivières S, Díaz-Caneja CM, Doan NT, Dohm K, Fröhner JH, Goltermann J, Grigis A, Grotegerd D, Han LKM, Harris MA, Hartman CA, Heany SJ, Heindel W, Heslenfeld DJ, Hohmann S, Ittermann B, Jansen PR, Janssen J, Jia T, Jiang J, Jockwitz C, Karali T, Keeser D, Koevoets MGJC, Lenroot RK, Malchow B, Mandl RCW, Medel V, Meinert S, Morgan CA, Mühleisen TW, Nabulsi L, Opel N, de la Foz VOG, Overs BJ, Paillère Martinot ML, Redlich R, Marques TR, Repple J, Roberts G, Roshchupkin GV, Setiaman N, Shumskaya E, Stein F, Sudre G, Takahashi S, Thalamuthu A, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, van der Lugt A, van Haren NEM, Wardlaw JM, Wen W, Westeneng HJ, Wittfeld K, Zhu AH, Zugman A, Armstrong NJ, Bonfiglio G, Bralten J, Dalvie S, Davies G, Di Forti M, Ding L, Donohoe G, Forstner AJ, Gonzalez-Peñas J, Guimaraes JPOFT, Homuth G, Hottenga JJ, Knol MJ, Kwok JBJ, Le Hellard S, Mather KA, Milaneschi Y, Morris DW, Nöthen MM, Papiol S, Rietschel M, Santoro ML, Steen VM, Stein JL, Streit F, Tankard RM, Teumer A, van 't Ent D, van der Meer D, van Eijk KR, Vassos E, Vázquez-Bourgon J, Witt SH, Adams HHH, Agartz I, Ames D, Amunts K, Andreassen OA, Arango C, Banaschewski T, Baune BT, Belangero SI, Bokde ALW, Boomsma DI, Bressan RA, Brodaty H, Buitelaar JK, Cahn W, Caspers S, Cichon S, Crespo-Facorro B, Cox SR, Dannlowski U, Elvsåshagen T, Espeseth T, Falkai PG, Fisher SE, Flor H, Fullerton JM, Garavan H, Gowland PA, Grabe HJ, Hahn T, Heinz A, Hillegers M, Hoare J, Hoekstra PJ, Ikram MA, Jackowski AP, Jansen A, Jönsson EG, Kahn RS, Kircher T, Korgaonkar MS, Krug A, Lemaitre H, Malt UF, Martinot JL, McDonald C, Mitchell PB, Muetzel RL, Murray RM, Nees F, Nenadić I, Oosterlaan J, Ophoff RA, Pan PM, Penninx BWJH, Poustka L, Sachdev PS, Salum GA, Schofield PR, Schumann G, Shaw P, Sim K, Smolka MN, Stein DJ, Trollor JN, van den Berg LH, Veldink JH, Walter H, Westlye LT, Whelan R, White T, Wright MJ, Medland SE, Franke B, Thompson PM, Hulshoff Pol HE. Genetic variants associated with longitudinal changes in brain structure across the lifespan. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:421-432. [PMID: 35383335 PMCID: PMC10040206 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human brain structure changes throughout the lifespan. Altered brain growth or rates of decline are implicated in a vast range of psychiatric, developmental and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we identified common genetic variants that affect rates of brain growth or atrophy in what is, to our knowledge, the first genome-wide association meta-analysis of changes in brain morphology across the lifespan. Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging data from 15,640 individuals were used to compute rates of change for 15 brain structures. The most robustly identified genes GPR139, DACH1 and APOE are associated with metabolic processes. We demonstrate global genetic overlap with depression, schizophrenia, cognitive functioning, insomnia, height, body mass index and smoking. Gene set findings implicate both early brain development and neurodegenerative processes in the rates of brain changes. Identifying variants involved in structural brain changes may help to determine biological pathways underlying optimal and dysfunctional brain development and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrina L Grasby
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hugo G Schnack
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Jalmar Teeuw
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nitin Gogtay
- American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Matthew S Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Moji Aghajani
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Education & Child Studies, Section Forensic Family & Youth Care, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Alloza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eric Artiges
- INSERM U1299 Trajectoires Développementales en Psychiatrie, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 9010; Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (HUMV), School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Santander, Spain
- Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elisabet Blok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erlend Bøen
- Psychosomatic and CL Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabella A Breukelaar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanna K Bright
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth E L Buimer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dara M Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Simone Ciufolini
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicolas A Crossley
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christienne G Damatac
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Casper L de Mol
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja M C de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Katharina Dohm
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Section of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Janik Goltermann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Neurospin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Laura K M Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathew A Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah J Heany
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Walter Heindel
- Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk J Heslenfeld
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical Psychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Philip R Jansen
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, VUmc, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Janssen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tianye Jia
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and MoE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Temmuz Karali
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
- NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
- NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Neurosciences (MCN) - Brain & Mind, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martijn G J C Koevoets
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rhoshel K Lenroot
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Berend Malchow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - René C W Mandl
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vicente Medel
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Catherine A Morgan
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leila Nabulsi
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Víctor Ortiz-García de la Foz
- Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (HUMV), School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Santander, Spain
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- INSERM U1299 Trajectoires Développementales en Psychiatrie, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 9010; Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gloria Roberts
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gennady V Roshchupkin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikita Setiaman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gustavo Sudre
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shun Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- Department of Radiology, IDIVAL, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Advanced Computing and e-Science, Instituto de Física de Cantabria (UC-CSIC), Santander, Spain
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Henk-Jan Westeneng
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alyssa H Zhu
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Andre Zugman
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gaia Bonfiglio
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gail Davies
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Linda Ding
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Centre for Human Genetics, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Javier Gonzalez-Peñas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joao P O F T Guimaraes
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J Knol
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John B J Kwok
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Derek W Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sergi Papiol
- CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcos L Santoro
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jason L Stein
- Department of Genetics & UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rick M Tankard
- Mathematics and Statistics, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dennis van 't Ent
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristel R van Eijk
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Javier Vázquez-Bourgon
- Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (HUMV), School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Santander, Spain
- Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Ames
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sintia I Belangero
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Ame Sua Mente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Altrecht Science, Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Seville, IBIS, Seville, Spain
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- NORMENT Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter G Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Penny A Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hans J Grabe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Manon Hillegers
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Hoare
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Faculty of Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad A Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea P Jackowski
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Core-Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rene S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- VISN 2 Mental Illness Research, Education & Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mayuresh S Korgaonkar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Herve Lemaitre
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ulrik F Malt
- Unit for Psychosomatic Medicine and C-L Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- INSERM U1299 Trajectoires Développementales en Psychiatrie, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 9010; Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan L Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit, Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro M Pan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Giovanni A Salum
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Center for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute for Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- PONS Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, CCM, Charite University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Shaw
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute for Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Whelan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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8
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Haduch A, Danek PJ, Kuban W, Pukło R, Alenina N, Gołębiowska J, Popik P, Bader M, Daniel WA. Cytochrome P450 2D (CYP2D) enzyme dysfunction associated with aging and serotonin deficiency in the brain and liver of female Dark Agouti rats. Neurochem Int 2022; 152:105223. [PMID: 34780807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Among the enzymes that support brain metabolism, cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes occupy an important place. These enzymes catalyze the biotransformation pathways of neuroactive endogenous substrates (neurosteroids, neurotransmitters) and are necessary for the detoxification processes. The aim of the present study was to assess changes in the CYP2D activity and protein level during the aging process and as a result of serotonin deficiency in the female brain. The CYP2D activity was measured in brain and liver microsomes of Dark Agouti wild type (WT) female rats (mature 15-week-old and senescent 18-month-old rats) and in tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2)-deficient senescent female rats. The CYP2D activity in mature WT Dark Agouti females was independent of the changing phases of the estrous cycle. In senescent WT females rats, the CYP2D activity and protein level were decreased in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and liver, but increased in the brain stem. In the other examined structures (frontal cortex, hypothalamus, thalamus, striatum), the enzyme activity did not change. In aging TPH2-deficient females, the CYP2D activity and protein levels were decreased in the frontal cortex, hypothalamus and brain stem (activity only), remaining unchanged in other brain structures and liver, relative to senescent WT females. In summary, the aging process and TPH2 deficit affect the CYP2D activity and protein level in female rats, which may have a negative impact on the compensatory capacity of CYP2D in the synthesis of serotonin and dopamine in cerebral structures involved in cognitive and emotional functions. In the liver, the CYP2D-catalyzed drug metabolism may be diminished in elderly females. The results in female rats are compared with those obtained previously in males. It is concluded that aging and serotonin deficiency exert sex-dependent effects on brain CYP2D, which seem to be less favorable in females concerning CYP2D-mediated neurotransmitter synthesis, but beneficial regarding slower neurosteroid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Haduch
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemysław J Danek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kuban
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Pukło
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Joanna Gołębiowska
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Popik
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany; Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Władysława A Daniel
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
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9
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Differential Ageing of the Brain Hemispheres: Evidence from a Longitudinal Study of Hand Preferences in Common Marmosets. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13122349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is concerned with decreasing asymmetry of motor control in ageing. It discusses age-related changes in humans and reports a longitudinal study of hand preferences in common marmosets. An annual assessment of hand preference for holding food was recorded throughout the lifespan of 19 marmosets that lived for at least 9 years, and half of those lived for at least 11 years. Those with a left-hand preference showed a gradual reduction in the strength of their hand preference throughout adult life. No significant change in the strength of hand preference was found in right-handed marmosets. Hence, ageing has a specific effect on motor control by the right hemisphere.
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10
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Goodarzi N, Zehtabvar O, Tohidifar M. Applied anatomy of the skull in the Arabian horse: A computed tomographic, cross-sectional, volumetric and morphometric study. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:2225-2233. [PMID: 34453414 PMCID: PMC8604115 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to present a comprehensive and integrative computed tomography (CT) – anatomical cross sections atlas of skull, volumetric properties of the paranasal sinuses, and morphometric values for surface cranial nerves in the adult Arabian horse. Ten heads of Arabian horse breed were used. The different structures in the nasal, oral and cranial cavities were determined and labelled in the anatomical sections and their corresponding CT scan images. Three paranasal sinuses namely maxillary, conchofrontal and sphenopalatine sinuses were identified in the CT scan images. The caudal maxillary sinus was the largest paranasal sinus with 131.93 ± 7.67 cm3 volume and the sphenopalatine sinus 13.3 ± 1.2 cm3 volume was the smallest one. The infraorbital foramen was located 4.16 ± 0.18 cm and 4.70 ± 0.35 cm far away from the most rostral point of the facial crest and alveolar root, respectively. The mean distance between the mental foramen and most lateral incisive tooth was 3.12 ± 0.29 cm. These results including present CT scan‐cross‐sectional atlas, paranasal sinuses volume and morphometric properties would be applicable in practice for more precise diagnosis of head lesions and blocking the surface terminal branches of the cranial nerves during surgical operations in this valuable horse's breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Goodarzi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences and Pathobiology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Omid Zehtabvar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Tohidifar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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11
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Coffman CR, Capaday C, Darling WG. Proprioceptive Acuity is Enhanced During Arm Movements Compared to When the Arm is Stationary: A Study of Young and Older Adults. Neuroscience 2021; 466:222-234. [PMID: 33905823 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Proprioception in old age is thought to be poorer due to degeneration of the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS). We tested whether community-dwelling older adults (65-83 years) make larger proprioceptive errors than young adults (18-22 years) using a natural reaching task. Subjects moved the right arm to touch the index fingertip to the stationary or moving left index fingertip. The range of locations of the target index fingertip was large, sampling the natural workspace of the human arm. The target arm was moved actively by the subject or passively by the experimenter and reaching arm movements towards the target were made under visual guidance, or with vision blocked (proprioceptive guidance). Subjects did not know the direction or speed of upcoming target hand motion in the passive conditions. Mean 3D distance errors between the right and left index finger tips were small in both groups and only slightly larger when vision was blocked than when allowed, but averaged 2-5 mm larger in older than in younger adults in moving (p = 0.002) and stationary (p = 0.07) conditions, respectively. Variable errors were small and similar in the two groups (p > 0.35). Importantly, clearly larger errors were observed for reaching to the stationary than to the moving index fingertip in both groups, demonstrating that dynamic proprioceptive information during movement permits more accurate localization of the endpoint of the moving arm. This novel finding demonstrates the importance of dynamic proprioceptive information in movement guidance and bimanual coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Coffman
- Department of Health and Human Physiology Motor Control Laboratory, University of Iowa 225 S Grand Ave, Iowa City, IA 52242 United States
| | - Charles Capaday
- Department of Health and Human Physiology Motor Control Laboratory, University of Iowa 225 S Grand Ave, Iowa City, IA 52242 United States
| | - Warren G Darling
- Department of Health and Human Physiology Motor Control Laboratory, University of Iowa 225 S Grand Ave, Iowa City, IA 52242 United States.
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12
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Nicolini C, Fahnestock M, Gibala MJ, Nelson AJ. Understanding the Neurophysiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Neuroplasticity in Cortical and Descending Motor Pathways: Where Do We Stand? Neuroscience 2020; 457:259-282. [PMID: 33359477 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is a promising, cost-effective intervention to augment successful aging and neurorehabilitation. Decline of gray and white matter accompanies physiological aging and contributes to motor deficits in older adults. Exercise is believed to reduce atrophy within the motor system and induce neuroplasticity which, in turn, helps preserve motor function during aging and promote re-learning of motor skills, for example after stroke. To fully exploit the benefits of exercise, it is crucial to gain a greater understanding of the neurophysiological and molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced brain changes that prime neuroplasticity and thus contribute to postponing, slowing, and ameliorating age- and disease-related impairments in motor function. This knowledge will allow us to develop more effective, personalized exercise protocols that meet individual needs, thereby increasing the utility of exercise strategies in clinical and non-clinical settings. Here, we review findings from studies that investigated neurophysiological and molecular changes associated with acute or long-term exercise in healthy, young adults and in healthy, postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nicolini
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Margaret Fahnestock
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Aimee J Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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13
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Houlton J, Barwick D, Clarkson AN. Frontal cortex stroke-induced impairment in spatial working memory on the trial-unique nonmatching-to-location task in mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 177:107355. [PMID: 33276070 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stroke-induced cognitive impairments are of significant concern, however mechanisms that underpin these impairments remain poorly understood and researched. To further characterise cognitive impairments in our frontal cortex stroke model, and to align our assessments with what is used clinically, we tested young C57BL/6J mice trained in operant touchscreen chambers to complete the trial-unique nonmatched-to-location (TUNL) task. Based on baseline performance, animals were given either stroke (n = 12) or sham (n = 12) surgery using a photothrombosis model, bilaterally targeting the frontal cortex. Upon recovery, post-stroke spatial working memory was assessed by varying the degree of separation and delay within TUNL trials. Seven weeks after surgery, animals received a prelimbic injection of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B (CTB) to access thalamo-PFC connectivity. Tissue was then processed histologically and immunohistochemically to assess infarct volume, astrogliosis and thalamocortical connectivity. Assessment of TUNL probes revealed sensitivity to a frontal cortex stroke (separation: p = 0.0003, delay: p < 0.0001), with stroke animals taking significantly longer (p = 0.0170) during reacquisition of the TUNL task, relative to shams. CTB-positive cell counts revealed a stroke-induced loss of thalamo-PFC connectivity. In addition, quantification of reactive astrogliosis revealed a positive correlation between the degree of astrogliosis expanding into white matter tracts and the development of cognitive impairments. This study reveals a stroke-induced impairment in mice completing the TUNL task. Our findings also demonstrate a significant loss of thalamo-PFC connections and a correlation between white matter reactive astrogliosis and cognitive impairment. Future experiments will investigate therapeutic interventions in the hope of promoting functional improvement in cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Houlton
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Deanna Barwick
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Andrew N Clarkson
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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14
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Landelle C, Anton JL, Nazarian B, Sein J, Gharbi A, Felician O, Kavounoudias A. Functional brain changes in the elderly for the perception of hand movements: A greater impairment occurs in proprioception than touch. Neuroimage 2020; 220:117056. [PMID: 32562781 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike age-related brain changes linked to motor activity, neural alterations related to self-motion perception remain unknown. Using fMRI data, we investigated age-related changes in the central processing of somatosensory information by inducing illusions of right-hand rotations with specific proprioceptive and tactile stimulation. Functional connectivity during resting-state (rs-FC) was also compared between younger and older participants. Results showed common sensorimotor activations in younger and older adults during proprioceptive and tactile illusions, but less deactivation in various right frontal regions and the precuneus were found in the elderly. Older participants exhibited a less-lateralized pattern of activity across the primary sensorimotor cortices (SM1) in the proprioceptive condition only. This alteration of the interhemispheric balance correlated with declining individual performance in illusion velocity perception from a proprioceptive, but not a tactile, origin. By combining task-related data, rs-FC and behavioral performance, this study provided consistent results showing that hand movement perception was altered in the elderly, with a more pronounced deterioration of the proprioceptive system, likely due to the breakdown of inhibitory processes with aging. Nevertheless, older people could benefit from an increase in internetwork connectivity to overcome this kinesthetic decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Landelle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LNSC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - UMR 7260), Marseille, France; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Anton
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre IRM-INT@CERIMED (Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone - UMR 7289), Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Nazarian
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre IRM-INT@CERIMED (Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone - UMR 7289), Marseille, France
| | - Julien Sein
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre IRM-INT@CERIMED (Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone - UMR 7289), Marseille, France
| | - Ali Gharbi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LNSC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - UMR 7260), Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Felician
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS (Institut des Neurosciences des Systèmes - UMR1106), Marseille, France
| | - Anne Kavounoudias
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LNSC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - UMR 7260), Marseille, France.
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15
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Multi-centre, multi-vendor reproducibility of 7T QSM and R 2* in the human brain: Results from the UK7T study. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117358. [PMID: 32916289 PMCID: PMC7480266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We present the reliability of ultra-high field T2* MRI at 7T, as part of the UK7T Network's “Travelling Heads” study. T2*-weighted MRI images can be processed to produce quantitative susceptibility maps (QSM) and R2* maps. These reflect iron and myelin concentrations, which are altered in many pathophysiological processes. The relaxation parameters of human brain tissue are such that R2* mapping and QSM show particularly strong gains in contrast-to-noise ratio at ultra-high field (7T) vs clinical field strengths (1.5–3T). We aimed to determine the inter-subject and inter-site reproducibility of QSM and R2* mapping at 7T, in readiness for future multi-site clinical studies. Methods Ten healthy volunteers were scanned with harmonised single- and multi-echo T2*-weighted gradient echo pulse sequences. Participants were scanned five times at each “home” site and once at each of four other sites. The five sites had 1× Philips, 2× Siemens Magnetom, and 2× Siemens Terra scanners. QSM and R2* maps were computed with the Multi-Scale Dipole Inversion (MSDI) algorithm (https://github.com/fil-physics/Publication-Code). Results were assessed in relevant subcortical and cortical regions of interest (ROIs) defined manually or by the MNI152 standard space. Results and Discussion Mean susceptibility (χ) and R2* values agreed broadly with literature values in all ROIs. The inter-site within-subject standard deviation was 0.001–0.005 ppm (χ) and 0.0005–0.001 ms−1 (R2*). For χ this is 2.1–4.8 fold better than 3T reports, and 1.1–3.4 fold better for R2*. The median ICC from within- and cross-site R2* data was 0.98 and 0.91, respectively. Multi-echo QSM had greater variability vs single-echo QSM especially in areas with large B0 inhomogeneity such as the inferior frontal cortex. Across sites, R2* values were more consistent than QSM in subcortical structures due to differences in B0-shimming. On a between-subject level, our measured χ and R2* cross-site variance is comparable to within-site variance in the literature, suggesting that it is reasonable to pool data across sites using our harmonised protocol. Conclusion The harmonized UK7T protocol and pipeline delivers on average a 3-fold improvement in the coefficient of reproducibility for QSM and R2* at 7T compared to previous reports of multi-site reproducibility at 3T. These protocols are ready for use in multi-site clinical studies at 7T.
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16
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Ji-Ping Z, Chun-Xiao C, Chong-Feng D, Lei N, Xue-Jun L. The Value of Corpus Callosum Measurement in the Diagnosis of Cerebral Atrophy. Curr Med Imaging 2020; 16:682-687. [PMID: 32723239 DOI: 10.2174/1573405615666190724092047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the relationship between the corpus callosum area (CCa) and the degree of cerebral atrophy in patients with cerebral atrophy. METHODS 119 patients with brain atrophy were grouped according to the degree of brain atrophy. Median sagittal CCa and intracranial area (ICa) were measured, and the ratio of corpus callosum to the intracranial area (CCa-ICa ratio) was calculated. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. RESULTS CCa significantly reduced in patients with cerebral atrophy, and the degree of cerebral atrophy was found to be positively correlated with the degree of reduction in the CCa. CONCLUSION The reduction in the CCa and the CCa-ICa ratio in the median sagittal can be used as a reference indicator for the diagnosis and grading of brain atrophy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ji-Ping
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Cui Chun-Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Duan Chong-Feng
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Niu Lei
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Liu Xue-Jun
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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17
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Hsieh S, Yao ZF, Yang MH, Yang CT, Wang CH. Diffusion Tensor Imaging Revealing the Relation of Age-Related Differences in the Corpus Callosum With Cognitive Style. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:285. [PMID: 32765246 PMCID: PMC7379874 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
People may differ in their ways of processing tasks or situations, which may be explained by cognitive styles that define individual differences in information processing strategies. The cognitive style ranges between two extremes: analytic and holistic processing style. The concept of cognitive style has been widely investigated in the literature, but its age-related differences in the neural substrates have remained elusive. In this study, we focused on the white matter structure of the corpus callosum and its possible link to age-related differences in cognitive style, given its functional ability to connect and facilitate efficient communication between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Seventy-two participants aged 20–75 years participated in this study. Participants’ cognitive styles were measured by the Analysis-Holism Scale (AHS), and their white matter microstructures were acquired using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The results revealed that older adults tend to have a more holistic processing style than younger adults. We then compared the white matter of tracts of interest between high and low AHS groups and found that the white matter microstructure in the genu of the corpus callosum can be used to distinguish between AHS subgroups. Interestingly, we found that age negatively correlated with the white matter tracts across the brain, indicating that aging is associated with reduced microstructure integrity. Together, our findings suggest that analytic-holistic cognitive styles of information processing possibly reflect that the microstructure development in the anterior part of the corpus callosum may influence the type of age-related information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulan Hsieh
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department and Institute of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zai-Fu Yao
- Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Meng-Heng Yang
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ta Yang
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Wang
- Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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18
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Allouh MZ, Al Barbarawi MM, Ali HA, Mustafa AG, Alomari SO. Morphometric Analysis of the Corpus Callosum According to Age and Sex in Middle Eastern Arabs: Racial Comparisons and Clinical Correlations to Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:30. [PMID: 32655379 PMCID: PMC7324941 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to examine the influence of age and sex on morphometric measurements of the corpus callosum (CC) within Middle Eastern Arab population, in order to obtain reference data and conduct racial comparisons with previously reported measurements from other ethnicities. Furthermore, it aimed to investigate CC variations that may occur in children with autism. To this end, magnetic resonance images of normal brains were acquired from three different age groups, consisting of children, younger adults, and older adults. Brain images were also acquired from boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The CC length, area, and thickness were measured. The CC length was smaller in children than in the other age groups, but no difference in CC length was found between younger and older adults. The CC area and thickness were greater in younger adults than in children and older adults, and greater in older adults than in children. With regard to sexual dimorphism, the CC area and forebrain volume were larger in male children than in female children. No sex-related differences in CC area or thickness were found in adults. However, the ratio of CC area to the forebrain volume was greater in adult females than in males, owing to the smaller forebrain volume in females. The absolute length of the CC was greater in older adult males than in their female counterparts. In addition, significant differences in CC measurements were found in comparison to measurements obtained from other ethnicities. Lastly, significant reductions in CC area and thickness were found in boys with ASD compared to their neurotypical peers. In conclusion, age and sex significantly influence morphometric measurements of CC in Middle Eastern Arab population. This study points to the presence of racial differences in CC size. Finally, it reveals that children with ASD display a distinct reduction in CC size compared to neurotypical children of the same ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Z Allouh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammed M Al Barbarawi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Heba A Ali
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ayman G Mustafa
- Basic Medical Science Department, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Safwan O Alomari
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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19
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Danuta RL, Tokarski T. Age-related differences in bimanual coordination performance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2020; 27:620-632. [PMID: 32576085 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2020.1759296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of this article was to determine how characteristics of bimanual coordination tasks affect the quality of performance and to determine the impact of these characteristics on muscular activation of the upper limbs, with consideration of age-related differences. Methods. The research was carried out on two groups consisting of 25 people aged 20-30 and 60-67 years. The subjects performed seven tasks that varied in coordination mode, tracking mode and outline-tracing. The main measures of task performance were calculated on the basis of the difference between the position of the target and tracing cursors. Cohen's d value was calculated to show differences in measures between groups. Results. There were higher values of error and variability measures for elderly people compared to young. Complex tasks showed the largest difficulty, which suggests that, when performed, such tasks have the greatest potential to improve coordination skills. Tasks during which both limbs contribute to the movement of one cursor proved the most appropriate. Conclusion. The tracking mode is of great importance for the quality of performance in motor coordination tasks, while the performance of tasks with imposed speed is much more strongly age-sensitive than performance with a freely chosen speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman-Liu Danuta
- Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Poland
| | - Tomasz Tokarski
- Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Poland
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20
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Tohidifar M, Goodarzi N, Masoudifard M. Anatomy of the head in the Saanen goat: a computed tomographic and cross-sectional approach. Anat Sci Int 2020; 95:408-419. [PMID: 32162202 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-020-00536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed to investigate the anatomical structures of the Saanen goat head and its volumetric properties using computed tomography (CT) and stereological methods. Eight adult Saanen goat heads were included in this study. The different cavities and structures of the head, including nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, orbital cavity, and cranial cavity were evaluated using CT scans, cross, sagittal, and coronal sections. The volume of head cavities and structures were estimated using the Cavalieri method. The results showed that the dorsal, middle and nasal ventral concha contained the dorsal, middle and ventral conchal sinuses, respectively. The paranasal sinuses constituted maxillary, frontal, lacrimal, and ethmoidal that were recognized and named in the CT scan images and their corresponding anatomical cross sections. The palatine and sphenoidal sinuses were not seen in the Saanen goat. Total volume of the head, nasal cavity and cranial cavity was estimated to be 1958 ± 205, 825.4 ± 62.6 and 423.6 ± 48.2 cm3, respectively. The frontal sinus was the largest paranasal sinus with a volume of 281.8 ± 16.9 cm3 and the lacrimal sinus with a volume 50.2 ± 6 cm3 was the smallest one. The ventral conchal sinus with a volume of 26.6 ± 4.5 cm3 and middle conchal sinus with a volume of 13.4 ± 2.6 cm3 were largest and smallest nasal sinuses, respectively. These results may be used as a basic data to provide a reference set for volume of the examined head structures resulting in better and more precise diagnosis of any pathological volume alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Tohidifar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nader Goodarzi
- Department of Basic Sciences and Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Majid Masoudifard
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Roman-Liu D, Mockałło Z. Effectiveness of bimanual coordination tasks performance in improving coordination skills and cognitive functions in elderly. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228599. [PMID: 32130219 PMCID: PMC7055901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of the performance of bimanual coordination tasks with specific characteristics on the changes in quality of coordination, musculoskeletal load of the upper limbs and cognitive functions. Methods and findings A group of 26 people aged 60–67 years performed 6 sessions of bimanual coordination training. Each session included set of tasks that varied depending on the shape in which the cursor moved, the coordination mode (in-phase, anti-phase, complex) and the tracking mode (imposed or freely chosen speed). Performance was assessed by: Error, Variability and Execution. The load of upper limb muscles was expressed with the value of the normalized EMG amplitude. Cognitive functions were evaluated using the Vienna Test System. The Variability and Error values obtained during the sixth training session decreased by more than 50% of the initial values. Tasks with freely chosen speed showed changes from 15% to 34% for Error and from 45% to 50% for Variability. For tasks with imposed speed and coordination mode anti-phase or complex it was between 51% and 58% for Error and between 58% and 68% for Variability. Statistically significant differences between load during the sixth training session compared to the first session occurred in three out of four muscles and were between 9% to 39%. There were statistically significant differences in motor time and no differences in variables describing attention and working memory. Conclusions Coordination mode is meaningful for improving coordination skills; tasks in the anti-phase and complex are recommended. Tracking mode also plays a role, tasks with an imposed cursor movement speed have greater potential to improve coordination skills than tasks with freely chosen. Improved control skills resulted in the reduction of upper limb musculoskeletal load. It can be assumed that an increase in coordination skills with the use of appropriate training can help to reduce musculoskeletal load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Roman-Liu
- Department of Ergonomics, Central Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Zofia Mockałło
- Department of Ergonomics, Central Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Warsaw, Poland
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22
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A Classification Algorithm by Combination of Feature Decomposition and Kernel Discriminant Analysis (KDA) for Automatic MR Brain Image Classification and AD Diagnosis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2020; 2019:1437123. [PMID: 32082407 PMCID: PMC7012259 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1437123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a widely used imaging modality for detection of brain anatomical variations caused by brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). AD considered as an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder with progressive memory impairment moreover cognitive functions, while MCI would be considered as a transitional phase amongst age-related cognitive weakening. Numerous machine learning approaches have been examined, aiming at AD computer-aided diagnosis through employing MR image analysis. Conversely, MR brain image changes could be caused by different effects such as aging and dementia. It is still a challenging difficulty to extract the relevant imaging features and classify the subjects of different groups. This paper would propose an automatic classification technique based on feature decomposition and kernel discriminant analysis (KDA) for classifications of progressive MCI (pMCI) vs. normal control (NC), AD vs. NC, and pMCI vs. stable MCI (sMCI). Feature decomposition would be based on dictionary learning, which is used for separation of class-specific components from the non-class-specific components in the features, while KDA would be applied for mapping original nonlinearly separable feature space to the separable features that are linear. The proposed technique would be evaluated by employing T1-weighted MR brain images from 830 subjects comprising 198 AD patients, 167 pMCI, 236 sMCI, and 229 NC from the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that classification accuracy (ACC) of 90.41%, 84.29%, and 65.94% can be achieved for classification of AD vs. NC, pMCI vs. NC, and pMCI vs. sMCI, respectively, indicating the promising performance of the proposed method.
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23
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Goubran M, Ntiri EE, Akhavein H, Holmes M, Nestor S, Ramirez J, Adamo S, Ozzoude M, Scott C, Gao F, Martel A, Swardfager W, Masellis M, Swartz R, MacIntosh B, Black SE. Hippocampal segmentation for brains with extensive atrophy using three-dimensional convolutional neural networks. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:291-308. [PMID: 31609046 PMCID: PMC7267905 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal volumetry is a critical biomarker of aging and dementia, and it is widely used as a predictor of cognitive performance; however, automated hippocampal segmentation methods are limited because the algorithms are (a) not publicly available, (b) subject to error with significant brain atrophy, cerebrovascular disease and lesions, and/or (c) computationally expensive or require parameter tuning. In this study, we trained a 3D convolutional neural network using 259 bilateral manually delineated segmentations collected from three studies, acquired at multiple sites on different scanners with variable protocols. Our training dataset consisted of elderly cases difficult to segment due to extensive atrophy, vascular disease, and lesions. Our algorithm, (HippMapp3r), was validated against four other publicly available state-of-the-art techniques (HippoDeep, FreeSurfer, SBHV, volBrain, and FIRST). HippMapp3r outperformed the other techniques on all three metrics, generating an average Dice of 0.89 and a correlation coefficient of 0.95. It was two orders of magnitude faster than some of the tested techniques. Further validation was performed on 200 subjects from two other disease populations (frontotemporal dementia and vascular cognitive impairment), highlighting our method's low outlier rate. We finally tested the methods on real and simulated "clinical adversarial" cases to study their robustness to corrupt, low-quality scans. The pipeline and models are available at: https://hippmapp3r.readthedocs.ioto facilitate the study of the hippocampus in large multisite studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Goubran
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology UnitHurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke RecoveryHeart and Stroke FoundationTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Emmanuel Edward Ntiri
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology UnitHurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke RecoveryHeart and Stroke FoundationTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Hassan Akhavein
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology UnitHurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke RecoveryHeart and Stroke FoundationTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Melissa Holmes
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology UnitHurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke RecoveryHeart and Stroke FoundationTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sean Nestor
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology UnitHurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Joel Ramirez
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology UnitHurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke RecoveryHeart and Stroke FoundationTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sabrina Adamo
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology UnitHurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke RecoveryHeart and Stroke FoundationTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Miracle Ozzoude
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology UnitHurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke RecoveryHeart and Stroke FoundationTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Christopher Scott
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology UnitHurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke RecoveryHeart and Stroke FoundationTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Fuqiang Gao
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology UnitHurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke RecoveryHeart and Stroke FoundationTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Anne Martel
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke RecoveryHeart and Stroke FoundationTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke RecoveryHeart and Stroke FoundationTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology division)University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Richard Swartz
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology UnitHurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke RecoveryHeart and Stroke FoundationTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology division)University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Bradley MacIntosh
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke RecoveryHeart and Stroke FoundationTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sandra E. Black
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology UnitHurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke RecoveryHeart and Stroke FoundationTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Medical ImagingUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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24
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Baş O, Kayacı S, Beyza Çeliker F, Üçüncü Y, Özveren MF, Yilmaz A, Altas H, Sahin B. A comparison of lateral ventricle volume estimation on magnetic resonance and cadaveric section images using the planimetry method. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 64:264-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Phillips KA, Watson CM, Bearman A, Knippenberg AR, Adams J, Ross C, Tardif SD. Age-related changes in myelin of axons of the corpus callosum and cognitive decline in common marmosets. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e22949. [PMID: 30620098 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Executive control is a higher-level cognitive function that involves a range of different processes that are involved in the planning, coordination, execution, and inhibition of responses. Many of the processes associated with executive control, such as response inhibition and mental flexibility, decline with age. Degeneration of white matter architecture is considered to be the one of the key factors underlying cognitive decline associated with aging. Here we investigated how white matter changes of the corpus callosum were related to cognitive aging in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). We hypothesized that reduction in myelin thickness, myelin density, and myelin fraction of axonal fibers in the corpus callosum would be associated with performance on a task of executive function in a small sample of geriatric marmosets (n = 4) and young adult marmosets (n = 2). Our results indicated declines in myelin thickness, density, and myelin fraction with age. Considerable variability was detected on these characteristics of myelin and cognitive performance assessed via the detoured reach task. Age-related changes in myelin in Region II of the corpus callosum were predictive of cognitive performance on the detoured reach task. Thus the detoured reach task appears to also measure aspects of corticostriatal function in addition to prefrontal cortical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley A Phillips
- Department of Psychology, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Chase M Watson
- Department of Psychology, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ari Bearman
- Department of Psychology, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Jessica Adams
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Corinna Ross
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Suzette D Tardif
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas.,Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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26
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Skumlien M, Sederevicius D, Fjell AM, Walhovd KB, Westerhausen R. Parallel but independent reduction of emotional awareness and corpus callosum connectivity in older age. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209915. [PMID: 30596756 PMCID: PMC6312250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential functional specialization of the left and right hemispheres for linguistic and emotional functions, respectively, suggest that interhemispheric communication via the corpus callosum is critical for emotional awareness. Accordingly, it has been hypothesized that the age-related decline in callosal connectivity mediates the frequently demonstrated reduction in emotional awareness in older age. The present study tests this hypothesis in a sample of 307 healthy individuals between 20-89 years using combined structural and diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the corpus callosum. As assumed, inter-hemispheric connectivity (midsagittal callosal area and thickness, as well as fractional anisotropy, FA) and emotional awareness (i.e., increase in externally-oriented thinking, EOT; assessed with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, TAS-20) were found to be reduced in older (> 60 years) compared to younger participants. Furthermore, relating callosal measures to emotional awareness, FA in the genu of the corpus callosum was found to be negatively correlated with EOT in male participants. Thus, "stronger" structural connectivity (higher FA) was related with higher emotional awareness (lower EOT). However, a formal mediation analysis did not support the notion that age-related decline in emotional awareness is mediated by the corpus callosum. Thus, the observed reduction of emotional awareness and callosal connectivity in older age likely reflects parallel but not inter-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Skumlien
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Donatas Sederevicius
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M. Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine B. Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - René Westerhausen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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27
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Ethnicity Influences Corpus Callosum Dimensions. Neurol Res Int 2018; 2018:8916035. [PMID: 29854456 PMCID: PMC5954955 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8916035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Corpus callosum (CC), the main white matter cable which connects two hemispheres of brain, is important in special procedures such as stereotaxic surgeries vary in size, in different populations. Determination of possible size differences in ethnical groups has special values. Patients and Methods The size of the CC on midsagittal view was determined in 76 normal male subjects using MRI of brain hemispheres in northern Iran. The size of rostrum, body, splenium, length, and height of CC was measured for each subject. The width of the body of the corpus callosum (B), the anterior to posterior length (L) and the maximum height (H) of the corpus callosum, and ratios B/L and B/H were also calculated. Results The longitudinal dimensions of the CC were 70.21 mm and 74.05 mm in native Fars and Turkmens, respectively (P < 0.05). The heights were 25 mm and 25.75 mm in native Fars and Turkmen subjects, respectively. The width of CC in Turkmen people was significantly higher than native Fars people (P < 0.05). The Evans index in Turkmen group (0.314) was significantly higher than in native Fars (0.3). The B/L and B/H ratios were nonsignificantly different between two groups. Conclusion The CC parameters vary in different ethnical groups in northern Iran.
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Frazer KM, Richards Q, Keith DR. The long-term effects of cocaine use on cognitive functioning: A systematic critical review. Behav Brain Res 2018; 348:241-262. [PMID: 29673580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The predominant view of chronic cocaine use maintains that it causes a broad range of cognitive deficits. However, concerns about the possibly deleterious impact of cocaine on cognitive functioning have yet to be thoroughly vetted. This review addresses the impact of cocaine use on such cognitive domains as executive function, memory, language, and psychomotor speed. Additionally, relevant neuroimaging data is considered to understand the neural basis underlying cocaine-related effects on cognitive functioning. METHODS We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase using the search terms "cocaine and cognition," "cocaine and cognitive functioning," and "cocaine and cognitive deficits or impairment." To meet inclusion criteria we evaluated only cognitive and neuroimaging studies describing the long-term effects of cocaine on cognitive functioning published from 1999 to 2016. RESULTS The majority of studies reported statistically significant differences between cocaine users and non-drug-using controls in brain structures, blood-oxygen-level dependent signals, and brain metabolism. However, differences in cognitive performance were observed on a minority of measures. Additionally, the majority of studies were not compared against normative data. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence does not support the view that chronic cocaine use is associated with broad cognitive deficits. The view that cocaine users have broad cognitive deficits is inaccurate based upon current evidence, and the perpetuation of this view may have negative implications for treatment programs and development of public policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Frazer
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 1190 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Qwynten Richards
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 1190 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Diana R Keith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Medical Center, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
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29
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Delvenne JF, Castronovo J. Reduced inter-hemispheric interference in ageing: Evidence from a divided field Stroop paradigm. Brain Cogn 2018; 122:26-33. [PMID: 29407788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important structural changes that occur in the brain during the course of life relates to the corpus callosum, the largest neural pathway that connects the two cerebral hemispheres. It has been shown that the corpus callosum, and in particular its anterior sections, endures a process of degeneration in ageing. Hence, a primary question is whether such structural changes in the brain of older adults have functional consequences on inter-hemispheric communication. In particular, whether the atrophy of the corpus callosum in ageing may lead to a higher or lower level of inter-hemispheric interference is currently unknown. To investigate this question, we asked young and healthy older adults to perform modified versions of the classic Stroop paradigm in which the target and distracter were spatially separated. Across two experiments, we found that the Stroop effect was significantly reduced in older adults when the two stimuli were distributed in two different hemifields as opposed to the same single hemifield. This new finding suggests that age-related callosal thinning reduces inter-hemispheric interference by facilitating the two hemispheres to process information in parallel.
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30
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Shields J, Mock J, Devier D, Foundas A. Unilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation differentially affects younger and older adults completing a verbal working memory task. J Neurol Sci 2017; 384:15-20. [PMID: 29249371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging studies have found that lateralization of activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is reduced with aging. In the present study, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was used to disrupt dlPFC activity in order to test the relationship of dlPFC laterality and age in verbal working memory (WM). Young (n=36) and older (n=35) subjects received 1Hz-rTMS (sham or active) to left or right dlPFC and WM performance was assessed pre- and post-stimulation via the n-back task. Significant increases in WM accuracy were observed following rTMS in the right dlPFC and sham conditions, but not with the left dlPFC stimulation. This was accompanied by a decrease in left P1 latency was also observed following left dlPFC stimulation. In contrast, older adults did not show a disruption in WM performance following rTMS in any of the stimulation conditions and exhibited increased left P3 amplitude following left stimulation. Our results show that changes in prefrontal laterality are evident with increasing age (left stimulation affects younger adults while older adults are not affected by stimulation) and this change is associated with specific neurophysiologic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Shields
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States.
| | - Jeffrey Mock
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Deidre Devier
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Anne Foundas
- Brain Institute of Louisiana, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
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Hamezah HS, Durani LW, Ibrahim NF, Yanagisawa D, Kato T, Shiino A, Tanaka S, Damanhuri HA, Ngah WZW, Tooyama I. Volumetric changes in the aging rat brain and its impact on cognitive and locomotor functions. Exp Gerontol 2017; 99:69-79. [PMID: 28918364 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in cognitive and locomotor functions usually occur with advanced age, as do changes in brain volume. This study was conducted to assess changes in brain volume, cognitive and locomotor functions, and oxidative stress levels in middle- to late-aged rats. Forty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: 14, 18, 23, and 27months of age. 1H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed using a 7.0-Tesla MR scanner system. The volumes of the lateral ventricles, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus, striatum, cerebellum, and whole brain were measured. Open field, object recognition, and Morris water maze tests were conducted to assess cognitive and locomotor functions. Blood was taken for measurements of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl content, and antioxidant enzyme activity. The lateral ventricle volumes were larger, whereas the mPFC, hippocampus, and striatum volumes were smaller in 27-month-old rats than in 14-month-old rats. In behavioral tasks, the 27-month-old rats showed less exploratory activity and poorer spatial learning and memory than did the 14-month-old rats. Biochemical measurements likewise showed increased MDA and lower glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the 27-month-old rats. In conclusion, age-related increases in oxidative stress, impairment in cognitive and locomotor functions, and changes in brain volume were observed, with the most marked impairments observed in later age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamizah Shahirah Hamezah
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Lina Wati Durani
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Nor Faeizah Ibrahim
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Daijiro Yanagisawa
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Kato
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Shiino
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Tanaka
- Department of Medical Statistics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
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Watanabe H, Kanehisa H, Yoshitake Y. Unintended activity in homologous muscle during intended unilateral contractions increases with greater task difficulty. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:2009-2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Egan PJ, Mitrovics TC, Tomandl BF. Alternate ventricular asymmetry could suggest a psychiatric diagnosis. Clin Anat 2016; 30:50-52. [PMID: 27599380 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the skull and brain for diagnostic purposes sometimes reveals a wider tip of the frontal ventricular horn on one side and a wider tip of the temporal horn on the other. A search for 'alternate ventricular asymmetry' in Google Scholar, Medline and PubMed Central yielded no results, so the digital archive of the hospital was searched for such cases. A total of 5908 examinations were reviewed and 508 cases were found, comprising 6% of the neurological inpatients and 20% of the psychiatric inpatients (P = 0.001 by χ2 ). The >3-fold difference in the incidence of this particular ventricular asymmetry implies that it could suggest a psychiatric diagnosis. Clin. Anat. 30:50-52, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Egan
- Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Christophsbad GmbH &Co Fachkrankenhaus KG, Faurndauer Straße 6 - 28, Göppingen, 73035
| | - T C Mitrovics
- Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Christophsbad GmbH &Co Fachkrankenhaus KG, Faurndauer Straße 6 - 28, Göppingen, 73035
| | - B F Tomandl
- Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Christophsbad GmbH &Co Fachkrankenhaus KG, Faurndauer Straße 6 - 28, Göppingen, 73035
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Elahi S, Bachman AH, Lee SH, Sidtis JJ, Ardekani BA. Corpus callosum atrophy rate in mild cognitive impairment and prodromal Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 45:921-31. [PMID: 25633676 DOI: 10.3233/jad-142631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corpus callosum (CC) size and shape have been previously studied in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with the majority of studies having been cross-sectional. Due to the large variance in normal CC morphology, cross-sectional studies are limited in statistical power. Determining individual rates of change requires longitudinal data. Physiological changes are particularly relevant in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), in which CC morphology has not been previously studied longitudinally. OBJECTIVE To study temporal rates of change in CC morphology in MCI patients over a one-year period, and to determine whether these rates differ between MCI subjects who converted to AD (MCI-C) and those who did not (MCI-NC) over an average (±SD) observation period of 5.4 (±1.6) years. METHODS We used a novel multi-atlas based algorithm to segment the mid-sagittal cross-sectional area of the CC in longitudinal MRI scans. Rates of change of CC circularity, total area, and five sub-areas were compared between 57 MCI-NC and 81 MCI-C subjects. RESULTS The CC became less circular (-0.89% per year in MCI-NC, -1.85% per year in MCI-C) with time, with faster decline in MCI-C (p = 0.0002). In females, atrophy rates were higher in MCI-C relative to MCI-NC in total CC area (p = 0.0006), genu/rostrum (p = 0.005), and splenium (0.002). In males, these rates did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION A greater than normal decline in CC circularity was shown to be an indicator of prodromal AD in MCI subjects. This measure is potentially useful as an imaging biomarker of disease and a therapeutic target in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Elahi
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Alvin H Bachman
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Sang Han Lee
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - John J Sidtis
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Babak A Ardekani
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Hoyau E, Cousin E, Jaillard A, Baciu M. Modulation of the inter-hemispheric processing of semantic information during normal aging. A divided visual field experiment. Neuropsychologia 2016; 93:425-436. [PMID: 26724229 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of normal aging on the inter-hemispheric processing of semantic information by using the divided visual field (DVF) method, with words and pictures. Two main theoretical models have been considered, (a) the HAROLD model which posits that aging is associated with supplementary recruitment of the right hemisphere (RH) and decreased hemispheric specialization, and (b) the RH decline theory, which assumes that the RH becomes less efficient with aging, associated with increased LH specialization. Two groups of subjects were examined, a Young Group (YG) and an Old Group (OG), while participants performed a semantic categorization task (living vs. non-living) in words and pictures. The DVF was realized in two steps: (a) unilateral DVF presentation with stimuli presented separately in each visual field, left or right, allowing for their initial processing by only one hemisphere, right or left, respectively; (b) bilateral DVF presentation (BVF) with stimuli presented simultaneously in both visual fields, followed by their processing by both hemispheres. These two types of presentation permitted the evaluation of two main characteristics of the inter-hemispheric processing of information, the hemispheric specialization (HS) and the inter-hemispheric cooperation (IHC). Moreover, the BVF allowed determining the driver-hemisphere for processing information presented in BVF. Results obtained in OG indicated that: (a) semantic categorization was performed as accurately as YG, even if more slowly, (b) a non-semantic RH decline was observed, and (c) the LH controls the semantic processing during the BVF, suggesting an increased role of the LH in aging. However, despite the stronger involvement of the LH in OG, the RH is not completely devoid of semantic abilities. As discussed in the paper, neither the HAROLD nor the RH decline does fully explain this pattern of results. We rather suggest that the effect of aging on the hemispheric specialization and inter-hemispheric cooperation during semantic processing is explained not by only one model, but by an interaction between several complementary mechanisms and models.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hoyau
- University Grenoble Alpes, LPNC, F-38040 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LPNC UMR 5105, F-38040 Grenoble, France
| | - E Cousin
- University Grenoble Alpes, LPNC, F-38040 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LPNC UMR 5105, F-38040 Grenoble, France; UMS IRMaGe, IRM 3T, CHU Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - A Jaillard
- UMS IRMaGe, IRM 3T, CHU Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - M Baciu
- University Grenoble Alpes, LPNC, F-38040 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LPNC UMR 5105, F-38040 Grenoble, France.
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Wang XD, Ren M, Zhu MW, Gao WP, Zhang J, Shen H, Lin ZG, Feng HL, Zhao CJ, Gao K. Corpus callosum atrophy associated with the degree of cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's dementia or mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis of the region of interest structural imaging studies. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 63:10-9. [PMID: 25748753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Individual structural neuroimaging studies of the corpus callosum (CC) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with the region of interest (ROI) analysis have yielded inconsistent findings. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of structural imaging studies using ROI technique to measure the CC midsagittal area changes in patients with AD or MCI. Databases of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the ISI Web of Science, and Science Direct from inception to June 2014 were searched with key words "corpus callosum" or "callosal", plus "Alzheimer's disease" or "mild cognitive impairment". Twenty-three studies with 603 patients with AD, 146 with MCI, and 638 healthy controls were included in this meta-analysis. Effect size was used to measure the difference between patients with AD or MCI and healthy controls. Significant callosal atrophy was found in MCI patients with an effect size of -0.36 (95% CI, -0.57 to -0.14; P = 0.001). The degree of the CC atrophy in mild AD was less severe than that in moderate AD with a mean effect size -0.69 (95% CI, -0.89 to -0.49) versus -0.92 (95% CI, -1.16 to -0.69), respectively. Comparing with healthy controls, patients with MCI had atrophy in the anterior portion of the CC (i.e., rostrum and genu). In contrast, patients with AD had atrophy in both anterior and posterior portions (i.e., splenium). These results suggest that callosal atrophy may be related to the degree of cognitive decline in patients with MCI and AD, and it may be used as a biomarker for patients with cognitive deficit even before meeting the criteria for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Wang
- Departments of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Ming Ren
- Departments of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandon Province, PR China
| | - Min-Wei Zhu
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Wen-Peng Gao
- Bio-X Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Hong Shen
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Zhi-Guo Lin
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Hong-Lin Feng
- Departments of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
| | - Chang-Jiu Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
| | - Keming Gao
- Mood and Anxiety Clinic in the Mood Disorder Program, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Madsen SK, Gutman BA, Joshi SH, Toga AW, Jack CR, Weiner MW, Thompson PM. Mapping ventricular expansion onto cortical gray matter in older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S32-41. [PMID: 25311280 PMCID: PMC4268107 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic changes in the brain's lateral ventricles on magnetic resonance imaging are powerful biomarkers of disease progression in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ventricular measures can represent accumulation of diffuse brain atrophy with very high effect sizes. Despite having no direct role in cognition, ventricular expansion co-occurs with volumetric loss in gray and white matter structures. To better understand relationships between ventricular and cortical changes over time, we related ventricular expansion to atrophy in cognitively relevant cortical gray matter surfaces, which are more challenging to segment. In ADNI participants, percent change in ventricular volumes at 1-year (N = 677) and 2-year (N = 536) intervals was significantly associated with baseline cortical thickness and volume in the full sample controlling for age, sex, and diagnosis, and in MCI separately. Ventricular expansion in MCI was associated with thinner gray matter in frontal, temporal, and parietal regions affected by AD. Ventricular expansion reflects cortical atrophy in early AD, offering a useful biomarker for clinical trials of interventions to slow AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Madsen
- USC Imaging Genetics Center, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Boris A Gutman
- USC Imaging Genetics Center, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shantanu H Joshi
- Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- USC Imaging Genetics Center, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael W Weiner
- Department of Radiology, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- USC Imaging Genetics Center, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Yang Y, Dai B, Howell P, Wang X, Li K, Lu C. White and grey matter changes in the language network during healthy aging. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108077. [PMID: 25251441 PMCID: PMC4176722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural structures change with age but there is no consensus on the exact processes involved. This study tested the hypothesis that white and grey matter in the language network changes during aging according to a “last in, first out” process. The fractional anisotropy (FA) of white matter and cortical thickness of grey matter were measured in 36 participants whose ages ranged from 55 to 79 years. Within the language network, the dorsal pathway connecting the mid-to-posterior superior temporal cortex (STC) and the inferior frontal cortex (IFC) was affected more by aging in both FA and thickness than the other dorsal pathway connecting the STC with the premotor cortex and the ventral pathway connecting the mid-to-anterior STC with the ventral IFC. These results were independently validated in a second group of 20 participants whose ages ranged from 50 to 73 years. The pathway that is most affected during aging matures later than the other two pathways (which are present at birth). The results are interpreted as showing that the neural structures which mature later are affected more than those that mature earlier, supporting the “last in, first out” theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Yang
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bohan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Peter Howell
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xianling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Kuncheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (CL); (KL)
| | - Chunming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (CL); (KL)
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Wang Y, Resnick SM, Davatzikos C. Analysis of spatio-temporal brain imaging patterns by Hidden Markov Models and serial MRI images. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 35:4777-94. [PMID: 24706564 PMCID: PMC4190046 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain changes due to development and maturation, normal aging, or degenerative disease are continuous, gradual, and variable across individuals. To quantify the individual progression of brain changes, we propose a spatio-temporal methodology based on Hidden Markov Models (HMM), and apply it on four-dimensional structural brain magnetic resonance imaging series of older individuals. First, regional brain features are extracted in order to reduce image dimensionality. This process is guided by the objective of the study or the specific imaging patterns whose progression is of interest, for example, the evaluation of Alzheimer-like patterns of brain change in normal individuals. These regional features are used in conjunction with HMMs, which aim to measure the dynamic association between brain structure changes and progressive stages of disease over time. A bagging framework is used to obtain models with good generalization capability, since in practice the number of serial scans is limited. An application of the proposed methodology was to detect individuals with the risk of developing MCI, and therefore it was tested on modeling the progression of brain atrophy patterns in older adults. With HMM models, the state-transition paths corresponding to longitudinal brain changes were constructed from two completely independent datasets, the Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. The statistical analysis of HMM-state paths among the normal, progressive MCI, and MCI groups indicates that, HMM-state index 1 is likely to be a predictor of the conversion from cognitively normal to MCI, potentially many years before clinical symptoms become measurable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Section of Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of RadiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Susan M. Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral NeuroscienceNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Section of Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of RadiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
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Bashir S, Perez JM, Horvath JC, Pena-Gomez C, Vernet M, Capia A, Alonso-Alonso M, Pascual-Leone A. Differential effects of motor cortical excitability and plasticity in young and old individuals: a Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) study. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:111. [PMID: 24959141 PMCID: PMC4050736 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with changes in the motor system that, over time, can lead to functional impairments and contribute negatively to the ability to recover after brain damage. Unfortunately, there are still many questions surrounding the physiological mechanisms underlying these impairments. We examined cortico-spinal excitability and plasticity in a young cohort (age range: 19–31) and an elderly cohort (age range: 47–73) of healthy right-handed individuals using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS). Subjects were evaluated with a combination of physiological [motor evoked potentials (MEPs), motor threshold (MT), intracortical inhibition (ICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), and silent period (SP)] and behavioral [reaction time (RT), pinch force, 9 hole peg task (HPT)] measures at baseline and following one session of low-frequency (1 Hz) navigated repetitive TMS (rTMS) to the right (non-dominant) hemisphere. In the young cohort, the inhibitory effect of 1 Hz rTMS was significantly in the right hemisphere and a significant facilitatory effect was noted in the unstimulated hemisphere. Conversely, in the elderly cohort, we report only a trend toward a facilitatory effect in the unstimulated hemisphere, suggesting reduced cortical plasticity and interhemispheric communication. To this effect, we show that significant differences in hemispheric cortico-spinal excitability were present in the elderly cohort at baseline, with significantly reduced cortico-spinal excitability in the right hemisphere as compared to the left hemisphere. A correlation analysis revealed no significant relationship between cortical thickness of the selected region of interest (ROI) and MEPs in either young or old subjects prior to and following rTMS. When combined with our preliminary results, further research into this topic could lead to the development of neurophysiological markers pertinent to the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of neurological diseases characterized by monohemispheric damage and lateralized motor deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Bashir
- Department of Neurology, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA ; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Autism Research and Treatment Center, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jennifer M Perez
- Department of Neurology, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jared C Horvath
- Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cleofe Pena-Gomez
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clínica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marine Vernet
- Department of Neurology, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anuhya Capia
- Department of Neurology, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miguel Alonso-Alonso
- Department of Neurology, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Department of Neurology, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA ; Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació Guttmann, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona Badalona, Spain
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Influence of aging on bimanual coordination control. Exp Gerontol 2014; 53:40-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gooijers J, Swinnen SP. Interactions between brain structure and behavior: the corpus callosum and bimanual coordination. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 43:1-19. [PMID: 24661987 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bimanual coordination skills are required for countless everyday activities, such as typing, preparing food, and driving. The corpus callosum (CC) is the major collection of white matter bundles connecting both hemispheres that enables the coordination between the two sides of the body. Principal evidence for this brain-behavior relationship in humans was first provided by research on callosotomy patients, showing that sectioning (parts of) the CC affected interactions between both hands directly. Later, new noninvasive in vivo imaging techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging, have energized the study of the link between microstructural properties of the CC and bimanual performance in normal volunteers. Here we discuss the principal factors (such as age, pathology and training) that mediate the relationship between specific bimanual functions and distinct anatomical CC subdivisions. More specifically, the question is whether different bimanual task characteristics can be mapped onto functionally distinct CC subregions. We review the current status of this mapping endeavor, and propose future perspectives to inspire research on this unique link between brain structure and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gooijers
- KU Leuven, Department of Kinesiology, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - S P Swinnen
- KU Leuven, Department of Kinesiology, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Belgium.
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43
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Batouli SAH, Trollor JN, Wen W, Sachdev PS. The heritability of volumes of brain structures and its relationship to age: a review of twin and family studies. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 13:1-9. [PMID: 24211464 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Total brain volume (BV) and the volumes of brain substructures are influenced by genes, the magnitude of which changes with age. One approach to the examination of genetic influences on the volumes of brain structures is to determine their heritability using twin and family studies. We reviewed published cross-sectional studies which examined heritability in healthy subjects at different ages. We identified 32 studies, which examined a total of 77 brain volumetric measures. The findings of our review showed that BVs are under significant genetic influence at all ages, although different brain regions showed different heritability levels. Furthermore, the cross-sectional approach of our review found that heritability factor for the majority of BVs declined with age, such as in the total brain and cerebrum, followed by subsequent increment of environmental influences. Overall, this study identified for the first time a cross-sectional pattern for brain structures' heritability changes with age, and suggests the potential for longitudinal investigations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli
- Center for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Center for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Center for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, NSW, Australia; Primary Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales Medicine, School of Psychiatry, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Center for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, NSW, Australia; Primary Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales Medicine, School of Psychiatry, NSW, Australia.
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Abstract
Scientific evidence based on neuroimaging approaches over the last decade has demonstrated the efficacy of physical activity improving cognitive health across the human lifespan. Aerobic fitness spares age-related loss of brain tissue during aging, and enhances functional aspects of higher order regions involved in the control of cognition. More active or higher fit individuals are capable of allocating greater attentional resources toward the environment and are able to process information more quickly. These data are suggestive that aerobic fitness enhances cognitive strategies enabling to respond effectively to an imposed challenge with a better yield in task performance. In turn, animal studies have shown that exercise has a benevolent action on health and plasticity of the nervous system. New evidence indicates that exercise exerts its effects on cognition by affecting molecular events related to the management of energy metabolism and synaptic plasticity. An important instigator in the molecular machinery stimulated by exercise is brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which acts at the interface of metabolism and plasticity. Recent studies show that exercise collaborates with other aspects of lifestyle to influence the molecular substrates of cognition. In particular, select dietary factors share similar mechanisms with exercise, and in some cases they can complement the action of exercise. Therefore, exercise and dietary management appear as a noninvasive and effective strategy to counteract neurological and cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA and Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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45
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Coevolution of brain structures in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Neuroimage 2012; 66:449-56. [PMID: 23103689 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Network accounts of the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), based on cross-sectional brain imaging observations, postulate that the biological course of the disease is characterized by coordinated spatial patterns of brain change to distributed cognitive networks. This study tests this conjecture by quantifying inter-regional covariance in cortical gray matter atrophy rates in 317 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants who were clinically diagnosed with amnestic mild cognitive impairment at baseline and underwent serial MRI at 6-month intervals over the course of 2years. A factor analysis model identified five factors (i.e. groupings of regions) that exhibited highly correlated rates of atrophy. Four groupings approximately corresponded to coordinated change within the posterior default mode network, prefrontal cortex, medial temporal lobe, and regions largely spared by the early pathological course of AD (i.e., sensorimotor and occipital cortex), while the fifth grouping represented diffuse, global atrophy. The data-driven observation of "frontal aging" superimposed upon medial temporal atrophy typical of early AD and default mode network changes supports the view that in individuals at high risk of eventual clinical AD, multiple patterns of distributed neuronal death corresponding to multiple biological substrates may be active.
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Kohama SG, Rosene DL, Sherman LS. Age-related changes in human and non-human primate white matter: from myelination disturbances to cognitive decline. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:1093-110. [PMID: 22203458 PMCID: PMC3448998 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The cognitive decline associated with normal aging was long believed to be due primarily to decreased synaptic density and neuron loss. Recent studies in both humans and non-human primates have challenged this idea, pointing instead to disturbances in white matter (WM) including myelin damage. Here, we review both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in humans and non-human primates that collectively support the hypothesis that WM disturbances increase with age starting at middle age in humans, that these disturbances contribute to age-related cognitive decline, and that age-related WM changes may occur as a result of free radical damage, degenerative changes in cells in the oligodendrocyte lineage, and changes in microenvironments within WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G. Kohama
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | | | - Larry S. Sherman
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Ave, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
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Herron TJ, Kang X, Woods DL. Automated measurement of the human corpus callosum using MRI. Front Neuroinform 2012; 6:25. [PMID: 22988433 PMCID: PMC3439830 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2012.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum includes the majority of fibers that connect the two cortical hemispheres. Studies of cross-sectional callosal morphometry and area have revealed developmental, gender, and hemispheric differences in healthy populations and callosal deficits associated with neurodegenerative disease and brain injury. However, accurate quantification of the callosum using magnetic resonance imaging is complicated by intersubject variability in callosal size, shape, and location and often requires manual outlining of the callosum in order to achieve adequate performance. Here we describe an objective, fully automated protocol that utilizes voxel-based images to quantify the area and thickness both of the entire callosum and of different callosal compartments. We verify the method's accuracy, reliability, robustness, and multisite consistency and make comparisons with manual measurements using public brain-image databases. An analysis of age-related changes in the callosum showed increases in length and reductions in thickness and area with age. A comparison of older subjects with and without mild dementia revealed that reductions in anterior callosal area independently predicted poorer cognitive performance after factoring out Mini-Mental Status Examination scores and normalized whole brain volume. Open-source software implementing the algorithm is available at www.nitrc.org/projects/c8c8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Herron
- Human Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Research Service, US Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System Martinez, CA, USA
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Hirnstein M, Westerhausen R, Korsnes MS, Hugdahl K. Sex differences in language asymmetry are age-dependent and small: a large-scale, consonant-vowel dichotic listening study with behavioral and fMRI data. Cortex 2012; 49:1910-21. [PMID: 22980918 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Men are often believed to have a functionally more asymmetrical brain organization than women, but the empirical evidence for sex differences in lateralization is unclear to date. Over the years we have collected data from a vast number of participants using the same consonant-vowel dichotic listening task, a reliable marker for language lateralization. One dataset comprised behavioral data from 1782 participants (885 females, 125 non-right-handers), who were divided in four age groups (children <10 yrs, adolescents = 10-15 yrs, younger adults = 16-49 yrs, and older adults >50 yrs). In addition, we had behavioral and functional imaging (fMRI) data from another 104 younger adults (49 females, aged 18-45 yrs), who completed the same dichotic listening task in a 3T scanner. This database allowed us to comprehensively test whether there is a sex difference in functional language lateralization. Across all participants and in both datasets a right ear advantage (REA) emerged, reflecting left-hemispheric language lateralization. Accordingly, the fMRI data revealed a leftward asymmetry in superior temporal lobe language processing areas. In the N = 1782 dataset no main effect of sex but a significant sex by age interaction emerged: the REA increased with age in both sexes but as a result of an earlier onset in females the REA was stronger in female than male adolescents. In turn, male younger adults showed greater asymmetry than female younger adults (accounting for <1% of variance). There were no sex differences in children and older adults. The males in the fMRI dataset (N = 104) also had a greater REA than females (accounting for 4% of variance), but no sex difference emerged in the neuroimaging data. Handedness did not affect these findings. Taken together, our findings suggest that sex differences in language lateralization as assessed with dichotic listening exist, but they are (a) not necessarily reflected in fMRI data, (b) age-dependent and (c) relatively small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Hirnstein
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway.
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49
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Jokinen H, Frederiksen KS, Garde E, Skimminge A, Siebner H, Waldemar G, Ylikoski R, Madureira S, Verdelho A, van Straaten ECW, Barkhof F, Fazekas F, Schmidt R, Pantoni L, Inzitari D, Erkinjuntti T. Callosal tissue loss parallels subtle decline in psychomotor speed. a longitudinal quantitative MRI study. The LADIS Study. Neuropsychologia 2012; 50:1650-5. [PMID: 22497753 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cross-sectional studies have suggested that corpus callosum (CC) atrophy is related to impairment in global cognitive function, mental speed, and executive functions in the elderly. Longitudinal studies confirming these findings have been lacking. We investigated whether CC tissue loss is associated with change in cognitive performance over time in subjects with age-related white matter lesions (WML). Two-hundred-fifty-three subjects, aged 65-84 years, were evaluated by using repeated MRI and neuropsychological evaluation at baseline and after 3 years. The effect of overall and regional CC tissue loss on cognitive decline was analyzed with hierarchical linear regression models. After controlling for age, sex, education, and baseline cognitive performance, the rates of tissue loss in the total CC area, and in rostrum/genu and midbody subregions were significantly associated with decline in a compound measure of cognitive speed and motor control, but not in those of executive functions, memory, or global cognitive function. Total CC area and midbody remained significant predictors of speed also after adjusting for baseline WML volume, WML progression, and global brain atrophy. However, the relationship between anterior CC and speed performance was mediated by WML volume. In conclusion, the overall and regional rate of CC tissue loss parallels longitudinal slowing of psychomotor performance. The adverse effect of CC tissue loss on psychomotor function may be driven by altered interhemispheric information transfer between homologous cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Jokinen
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki, Finland.
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Abstract
There are many reports of relations between age and cognitive variables and of relations between age and variables representing different aspects of brain structure and a few reports of relations between brain structure variables and cognitive variables. These findings have sometimes led to inferences that the age-related brain changes cause the age-related cognitive changes. Although this conclusion may well be true, it is widely recognized that simple correlations are not sufficient to warrant causal conclusions, and other types of correlational information, such as mediation and correlations between longitudinal brain changes and longitudinal cognitive changes, also have limitations with respect to causal inferences. These issues are discussed, and the existing results on relations of regional volume, white matter hyperintensities, and diffusion tensor imaging measures of white matter integrity to age and to measures of cognitive functioning are reviewed. It is concluded that at the current time the evidence that these aspects of brain structure are neuroanatomical substrates of age-related cognitive decline is weak. The final section contains several suggestions concerning measurement and methodology that may lead to stronger conclusions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Salthouse
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400, USA.
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