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Sohn SH, Chae S, Choi JW, Nam K, Cho YJ, Cho JY, Hwang HY. Differences in Brain Metabolite Profiles Between Normothermia and Hypothermia. J Korean Med Sci 2024; 39:e79. [PMID: 38412613 PMCID: PMC10896702 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the difference in brain metabolite profiles between normothermia and hypothermia reaching 25°C in humans in vivo. METHODS Thirteen patients who underwent thoracic aorta surgery under moderate hypothermia were prospectively enrolled. Plasma samples were collected simultaneously from the arteries and veins to estimate metabolite uptake or release. Targeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatographic mass spectrometry and direct flow injection were performed, and changes in the profiles of respective metabolites from normothermia to hypothermia were compared. The ratios of metabolite concentrations in venous blood samples to those in arterial blood samples (V/A ratios) were calculated, and log2 transformation of the ratios [log2(V/A)] was performed for comparison between the temperature groups. RESULTS Targeted metabolomics were performed for 140 metabolites, including 20 amino acids, 13 biogenic amines, 10 acylcarnitines, 82 glycerophospholipids, 14 sphingomyelins, and 1 hexose. Of the 140 metabolites analyzed, 137 metabolites were released from the brain in normothermia, and the release of 132 of these 137 metabolites was decreased in hypothermia. Two metabolites (dopamine and hexose) showed constant release from the brain in hypothermia, and 3 metabolites (2 glycophospholipids and 1 sphingomyelin) showed conversion from release to uptake in hypothermia. Glutamic acid demonstrated a distinct brain metabolism in that it was taken up by the brain in normothermia, and the uptake was increased in hypothermia. CONCLUSION Targeted metabolomics demonstrated various degrees of changes in the release of metabolites by the hypothermic brain. The release of most metabolites was decreased in hypothermia, whereas glutamic acid showed a distinct brain metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Ho Sohn
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sihyun Chae
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Woong Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Karam Nam
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Joung Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Ho Young Hwang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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2
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Basu SK, Kapse KJ, Murnick J, Pradhan S, Spoehr E, Zhang A, Andescavage N, Nino G, du Plessis AJ, Limperopoulos C. Impact of bronchopulmonary dysplasia on brain GABA concentrations in preterm infants: Prospective cohort study. Early Hum Dev 2023; 186:105860. [PMID: 37757548 PMCID: PMC10843009 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is associated with cognitive-behavioral deficits in very preterm (VPT) infants, often in the absence of structural brain injury. Advanced GABA-editing techniques like Mescher-Garwood point resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) can quantify in-vivo gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA+, with macromolecules) and glutamate (Glx, with glutamine) concentrations to investigate for neurophysiologic perturbations in the developing brain of VPT infants. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the severity of BPD and basal-ganglia GABA+ and Glx concentrations in VPT infants. METHODS MRI studies were performed on a 3 T scanner in a cohort of VPT infants [born ≤32 weeks gestational age (GA)] without major structural brain injury and healthy-term infants (>37 weeks GA) at term-equivalent age. MEGA-PRESS (TE68ms, TR2000ms, 256averages) sequence was acquired from the right basal-ganglia voxel (∼3cm3) and metabolite concentrations were quantified in institutional units (i.u.). We stratified VPT infants into no/mild (grade 0/1) and moderate-severe (grade 2/3) BPD. RESULTS Reliable MEGA-PRESS data was available from 63 subjects: 29 healthy-term and 34 VPT infants without major structural brain injury. VPT infants with moderate-severe BPD (n = 20) had the lowest right basal-ganglia GABA+ (median 1.88 vs. 2.28 vs. 2.12 i.u., p = 0.025) and GABA+/choline (0.73 vs. 0.99 vs. 0.88, p = 0.004) in comparison to infants with no/mild BPD and healthy-term infants. The GABA+/Glx ratio was lower (0.34 vs. 0.44, p = 0.034) in VPT infants with moderate-severe BPD than in infants with no/mild BPD. CONCLUSIONS Reduced GABA+ and GABA+/Glx in VPT infants with moderate-severe BPD indicate neurophysiologic perturbations which could serve as early biomarkers of future cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeepta K Basu
- Neonatology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA; Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Kushal J Kapse
- Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Jonathan Murnick
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA; Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Subechhya Pradhan
- Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Emma Spoehr
- Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Anqing Zhang
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Nickie Andescavage
- Neonatology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA; Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA; Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Gustavo Nino
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA; Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Adre J du Plessis
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA; Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA; Perinatal Pediatrics institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Catherine Limperopoulos
- Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA; Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA; Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.
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3
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Ahmed NY, Knowles R, Liu L, Yan Y, Li X, Schumann U, Wang Y, Sontani Y, Reynolds N, Natoli R, Wen J, Del Pino I, Mi D, Dehorter N. Developmental deficits of MGE-derived interneurons in the Cntnap2 knockout mouse model of autism spectrum disorder. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1112062. [PMID: 36819097 PMCID: PMC9930104 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1112062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interneurons are fundamental cells for maintaining the excitation-inhibition balance in the brain in health and disease. While interneurons have been shown to play a key role in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in adult mice, little is known about how their maturation is altered in the developing striatum in ASD. Here, we aimed to track striatal developing interneurons and elucidate the molecular and physiological alterations in the Cntnap2 knockout mouse model. Using Stereo-seq and single-cell RNA sequencing data, we first characterized the pattern of expression of Cntnap2 in the adult brain and at embryonic stages in the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE), a transitory structure producing most cortical and striatal interneurons. We found that Cntnap2 is enriched in the striatum, compared to the cortex, particularly in the developing striatal cholinergic interneurons. We then revealed enhanced MGE-derived cell proliferation, followed by increased cell loss during the canonical window of developmental cell death in the Cntnap2 knockout mice. We uncovered specific cellular and molecular alterations in the developing Lhx6-expressing cholinergic interneurons of the striatum, which impacts interneuron firing properties during the first postnatal week. Overall, our work unveils some of the mechanisms underlying the shift in the developmental trajectory of striatal interneurons which greatly contribute to the ASD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorya Yasmin Ahmed
- The Australian National University, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Rhys Knowles
- The Australian National University, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lixinyu Liu
- The Australian National University, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yiming Yan
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ulrike Schumann
- The Australian National University, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yumeng Wang
- The Australian National University, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yovina Sontani
- The Australian National University, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nathan Reynolds
- The Australian National University, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- The Australian National University, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jiayu Wen
- The Australian National University, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Isabel Del Pino
- Institute of Neurosciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
| | - Da Mi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nathalie Dehorter
- The Australian National University, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, ACT, Australia,*Correspondence: Nathalie Dehorter,
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The effects of hypothermia on glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid metabolism during ischemia in monkeys: a repeated-measures ANOVA study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14470. [PMID: 36008544 PMCID: PMC9411555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During an ischemic stroke, the brain releases various factors, including glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid. Glutamate can cause neurotoxic effects through certain receptors and exacerbate neurological damage, while γ-aminobutyric acid as an inhibitory neurotransmitter can antagonize the excitotoxic effects of glutamate and enhance the tolerance of neurons to ischemia. Therefore, in this study, the content of amino acid neurotransmitters in brain tissue before ischemia, after 10 min of ischemia, hypothermic perfusion, and rewarming were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-UV in an animal model of ischemic stroke generated by blocking the bilateral common carotid arteries of rhesus monkeys. The changes in amino acid neurotransmitters in the rhesus monkey brain during post-ischemia hypothermic perfusion and rewarming were investigated by statistical methods of repeated measures ANOVA, showing that the concentration change of glutamate had not only a temporal factor but also was influenced by temperature, and there was an interaction effect between the two. Time but not temperature affected the change in γ-aminobutyric acid concentration, and there was an interaction effect between the two. Accordingly, hypoperfusion exerts a protective effect during ischemia by inhibiting the release of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters, while the antagonistic effect of GABA on Glu is not significant.
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5
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Cavaliere S, Lori S, Bastianelli M, Cossu C, Gabbanini S, Dani C, Bertini G. Unilateral Transient Enhanced SEP during Integrated Multiparameter Neurophysiological Monitoring in a Newborn with Symptomatic Seizure. Pediatr Rep 2022; 14:254-261. [PMID: 35736655 PMCID: PMC9230835 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric14020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During Integrated Multiparametric Neurophysiological Monitoring (IMNA), a newborn with suspected hypoxia at birth and microhaemorrhagic and ischaemic lesions presented some clonic-tonic episodes with specific EEG patterns characterized by rolandic and temporal spikes and the appearance of a unilateral enhanced Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SEP) (10.45 µv). Since the literature does not seem to describe cases of giant SEP in newborns, in this case report, we will discuss the hypotheses underlying this potential. It could be assumed that the ischaemic and haemorrhagic lesions presented by the newborn may have developed as a result of neurotransmitter balance failure. This may be the origin of the EEG picture, which, consequently, could have triggered a potential with high amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cavaliere
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Children’s Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Silvia Lori
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neuro-Musculo-Skeletal Department, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.L.); (M.B.); (C.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Maria Bastianelli
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neuro-Musculo-Skeletal Department, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.L.); (M.B.); (C.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Cesarina Cossu
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neuro-Musculo-Skeletal Department, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.L.); (M.B.); (C.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Simonetta Gabbanini
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neuro-Musculo-Skeletal Department, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.L.); (M.B.); (C.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Carlo Dani
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Children’s Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Giovanna Bertini
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Children’s Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.C.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Beeraka NM, Vikram PRH, Greeshma MV, Uthaiah CA, Huria T, Liu J, Kumar P, Nikolenko VN, Bulygin KV, Sinelnikov MY, Sukocheva O, Fan R. Recent Investigations on Neurotransmitters' Role in Acute White Matter Injury of Perinatal Glia and Pharmacotherapies-Glia Dynamics in Stem Cell Therapy. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2009-2026. [PMID: 35041139 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and cerebral palsy are two neurological disease conditions developed from the premyelinated white matter ischemic injury (WMI). The significant pathophysiology of these diseases is accompanied by the cognitive deficits due to the loss of function of glial cells and axons. White matter makes up 50% of the brain volume consisting of myelinated and non-myelinated axons, glia, blood vessels, optic nerves, and corpus callosum. Studies over the years have delineated the susceptibility of white matter towards ischemic injury especially during pregnancy (prenatal, perinatal) or immediately after child birth (postnatal). Impairment in membrane depolarization of neurons and glial cells by ischemia-invoked excitotoxicity is mediated through the overactivation of NMDA receptors or non-NMDA receptors by excessive glutamate influx, calcium, or ROS overload and has been some of the well-studied molecular mechanisms conducive to the injury of white matter. Expression of glutamate receptors (GluR) and transporters (GLT1, EACC1, and GST) has significant influence in glial and axonal-mediated injury of premyelinated white matter during PVL and cerebral palsy. Predominantly, the central premyelinated axons express extensive levels of functional NMDA GluR receptors to confer ischemic injury to premyelinated white matter which in turn invoke defects in neural plasticity. Several underlying molecular mechanisms are yet to be unraveled to delineate the complete pathophysiology of these prenatal neurological diseases for developing the novel therapeutic modalities to mitigate pathophysiology and premature mortality of newborn babies. In this review, we have substantially discussed the above multiple pathophysiological aspects of white matter injury along with glial dynamics, and the pharmacotherapies including recent insights into the application of MSCs as therapeutic modality in treating white matter injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimha M Beeraka
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - P R Hemanth Vikram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS Pharmacy College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - M V Greeshma
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chinnappa A Uthaiah
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Tahani Huria
- Faculty of Medicine, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Junqi Liu
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), SilaKatamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, 781101, Assam, India
| | - Vladimir N Nikolenko
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Normal and Topographic Anatomy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill V Bulygin
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y Sinelnikov
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Sukocheva
- Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China.
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Mahadevan V, Mitra A, Zhang Y, Yuan X, Peltekian A, Chittajallu R, Esnault C, Maric D, Rhodes C, Pelkey KA, Dale R, Petros TJ, McBain CJ. NMDARs Drive the Expression of Neuropsychiatric Disorder Risk Genes Within GABAergic Interneuron Subtypes in the Juvenile Brain. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:712609. [PMID: 34630033 PMCID: PMC8500094 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.712609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)-derived parvalbumin (PV)+, somatostatin (SST)+and Neurogliaform (NGFC)-type cortical and hippocampal interneurons, have distinct molecular, anatomical, and physiological properties. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating their maturation remain poorly understood. Here, via single-cell transcriptomics, we show that the obligate NMDA-type glutamate receptor (NMDAR) subunit gene Grin1 mediates transcriptional regulation of gene expression in specific subtypes of MGE-derived interneurons, leading to altered subtype abundances. Notably, MGE-specific early developmental Grin1 loss results in a broad downregulation of diverse transcriptional, synaptogenic and membrane excitability regulatory programs in the juvenile brain. These widespread gene expression abnormalities mirror aberrations that are typically associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Our study hence provides a road map for the systematic examination of NMDAR signaling in interneuron subtypes, revealing potential MGE-specific genetic targets that could instruct future therapies of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Mahadevan
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Apratim Mitra
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, NICHD, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Unit on Cellular and Molecular Neurodevelopment, NICHD, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Yuan
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Areg Peltekian
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ramesh Chittajallu
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Caroline Esnault
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, NICHD, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christopher Rhodes
- Unit on Cellular and Molecular Neurodevelopment, NICHD, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kenneth A Pelkey
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ryan Dale
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, NICHD, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Timothy J Petros
- Unit on Cellular and Molecular Neurodevelopment, NICHD, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Chris J McBain
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
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8
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Li X, Saiyin H, Zhou JH, Yu Q, Liang WM. HDAC6 is critical for ketamine-induced impairment of dendritic and spine growth in GABAergic projection neurons. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:861-870. [PMID: 32939037 PMCID: PMC8149677 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is widely used in infants and children for anesthesia; both anesthetic and sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine have been reported to preferentially inhibit the GABAergic neurons. Medium spiny neurons (MSNs), the GABAergic projection neurons in the striatum, are vulnerable to anesthetic exposure in the newborn brain. Growth of dendrites requires a deacetylase to remove acetyl from tubulin in the growth cone to destabilize the tubulin. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) affects microtubule dynamics, which are involved in neurite elongation. In this study we used a human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived striatal GABA neuron system to investigate the effects of ketamine on HDAC6 and the morphological development of MSNs. We showed that exposure to ketamine (1-500 μM) decreased dendritic growth, dendrite branches, and dendritic spine density in MSNs in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. We revealed that ketamine treatment concentration-dependently inhibited the expression of HDAC6 or aberrantly translocated HDAC6 into the nucleus. Ketamine inhibition on HDAC6 resulted in α-tubulin hyperacetylation, consequently increasing the stability of microtubules and delaying the dendritic growth of MSNs. Finally, we showed that the effects of a single-dose exposure on MSNs were reversible and lasted for at least 10 days. This study reveals a novel role of HDAC6 as a regulator for ketamine-induced deficits in the morphological development of MSNs and provides an innovative method for prevention and treatment with respect to ketamine clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hexige Saiyin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qiong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Wei-Min Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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9
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Basu SK, Pradhan S, du Plessis AJ, Ben-Ari Y, Limperopoulos C. GABA and glutamate in the preterm neonatal brain: In-vivo measurement by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neuroimage 2021; 238:118215. [PMID: 34058332 PMCID: PMC8404144 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive and behavioral disabilities in preterm infants, even without obvious brain injury on conventional neuroimaging, underscores a critical need to identify the subtle underlying microstructural and biochemical derangements. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamatergic neurotransmitter systems undergo rapid maturation during the crucial late gestation and early postnatal life, and are at-risk of disruption after preterm birth. Animal and human autopsy studies provide the bulk of current understanding since non-invasive specialized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to measure GABA and glutamate are not routinely available for this vulnerable population due to logistical and technical challenges. We review the specialized 1H-MRS techniques including MEscher-GArwood Point Resolved Spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS), special challenges and considerations needed for interpretation of acquired data from the developing brain of preterm infants. We summarize the limited in-vivo preterm data, highlight the gaps in knowledge, and discuss future directions for optimal integration of available in-vivo approaches to understand the influence of GABA and glutamate on neurodevelopmental outcomes after preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeepta K Basu
- Neonatology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; Center for the Developing Brain, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., United States
| | - Subechhya Pradhan
- Center for the Developing Brain, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., United States
| | - Adre J du Plessis
- Fetal Medicine institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., United States
| | - Yehezkel Ben-Ari
- Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; Neurochlore, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Limperopoulos
- Center for the Developing Brain, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., United States.
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10
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Zhang X, Peng K, Zhang X. The Function of the NMDA Receptor in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:567665. [PMID: 33117117 PMCID: PMC7573650 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.567665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the main forms of neonatal brain injury which could lead to neonatal disability or even cause neonatal death. Therefore, HIE strongly affects the health of newborns and brings heavy burden to the family and society. It has been well studied that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are involved in the excitotoxicity induced by hypoxia ischemia in adult brain. Recently, it has been shown that the NMDA receptor also plays important roles in HIE. In the present review, we made a summary of the molecular mechanism of NMDA receptor in the pathological process of HIE, focusing on the distinct role of GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor subtypes and aiming to provide some insights into the clinical treatment and drug development of HIE.
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11
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Léger C, Dupré N, Aligny C, Bénard M, Lebon A, Henry V, Hauchecorne M, Galas L, Frebourg T, Leroux P, Vivien D, Lecointre M, Marret S, Gonzalez BJ. Glutamate controls vessel-associated migration of GABA interneurons from the pial migratory route via NMDA receptors and endothelial protease activation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1959-1986. [PMID: 31392351 PMCID: PMC7229000 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During cortex development, fine interactions between pyramidal cells and migrating GABA neurons are required to orchestrate correct positioning of interneurons, but cellular and molecular mechanisms are not yet clearly understood. Functional and age-specific expression of NMDA receptors by neonate endothelial cells suggests a vascular contribution to the trophic role of glutamate during cortical development. Associating functional and loss-of-function approaches, we found that glutamate stimulates activity of the endothelial proteases MMP-9 and t-PA along the pial migratory route (PMR) and radial cortical microvessels. Activation of MMP-9 was NMDAR-dependent and abrogated in t-PA-/- mice. Time-lapse recordings revealed that glutamate stimulated migration of GABA interneurons along vessels through an NMDAR-dependent mechanism. In Gad67-GFP mice, t-PA invalidation and in vivo administration of an MMP inhibitor impaired positioning of GABA interneurons in superficial cortical layers, whereas Grin1 endothelial invalidation resulted in a strong reduction of the thickness of the pial migratory route, a marked decrease of the glutamate-induced MMP-9-like activity along the PMR and a depopulation of interneurons in superficial cortical layers. This study supports that glutamate controls the vessel-associated migration of GABA interneurons by regulating the activity of endothelial proteases. This effect requires endothelial NMDAR and is t-PA-dependent. These neurodevelopmental data reinforce the debate regarding safety of molecules with NMDA-antagonist properties administered to preterm and term neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Léger
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Caroline Aligny
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Magalie Bénard
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Alexis Lebon
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Henry
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Michelle Hauchecorne
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Ludovic Galas
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Thierry Frebourg
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Leroux
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Inserm, Université Caen-Normandie, Inserm, UMR-S U1237 "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, Caen, France
| | - Maryline Lecointre
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Marret
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno J Gonzalez
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.
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12
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Jouroukhin Y, Zhu X, Shevelkin AV, Hasegawa Y, Abazyan B, Saito A, Pevsner J, Kamiya A, Pletnikov MV. Adolescent Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure and Astrocyte-Specific Genetic Vulnerability Converge on Nuclear Factor-κB-Cyclooxygenase-2 Signaling to Impair Memory in Adulthood. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:891-903. [PMID: 30219209 PMCID: PMC6525084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several studies have linked adolescent cannabis use to long-term cognitive dysfunction, there are negative reports as well. The fact that not all users develop cognitive impairment suggests a genetic vulnerability to adverse effects of cannabis, which are attributed to action of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), a cannabis constituent and partial agonist of brain cannabinoid receptor 1. As both neurons and glial cells express cannabinoid receptor 1, genetic vulnerability could influence Δ9-THC-induced signaling in a cell type-specific manner. METHODS Here we use an animal model of inducible expression of dominant-negative disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DN-DISC1) selectively in astrocytes to evaluate the molecular mechanisms, whereby an astrocyte genetic vulnerability could interact with adolescent Δ9-THC exposure to impair recognition memory in adulthood. RESULTS Selective expression of DN-DISC1 in astrocytes and adolescent treatment with Δ9-THC synergistically affected recognition memory in adult mice. Similar deficits in recognition memory were observed following knockdown of endogenous Disc1 in hippocampal astrocytes in mice treated with Δ9-THC during adolescence. At the molecular level, DN-DISC1 and Δ9-THC synergistically activated the nuclear factor-κB-cyclooxygenase-2 pathway in astrocytes and decreased immunoreactivity of parvalbumin-positive presynaptic inhibitory boutons around pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA3 area. The cognitive abnormalities were prevented in DN-DISC1 mice exposed to Δ9-THC by simultaneous adolescent treatment with the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, NS398. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that individual vulnerability to cannabis can be exclusively mediated by astrocytes. Results of this work suggest that genetic predisposition within astrocytes can exaggerate Δ9-THC-produced cognitive impairments via convergent inflammatory signaling, suggesting possible targets for preventing adverse effects of cannabis within susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jouroukhin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexey V Shevelkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yuto Hasegawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bagrat Abazyan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan Pevsner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Atsushi Kamiya
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Mikhail V Pletnikov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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13
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Chollat C, Lecointre M, Leuillier M, Remy-Jouet I, Do Rego JC, Abily-Donval L, Ramdani Y, Richard V, Compagnon P, Dureuil B, Marret S, Gonzalez BJ, Jégou S, Tourrel F. Beneficial Effects of Remifentanil Against Excitotoxic Brain Damage in Newborn Mice. Front Neurol 2019; 10:407. [PMID: 31068895 PMCID: PMC6491788 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Remifentanil, a synthetic opioid used for analgesia during cesarean sections, has been shown in ex vivo experiments to exert anti-apoptotic activity on immature mice brains. The present study aimed to characterize the impact of remifentanil on brain lesions using an in vivo model of excitotoxic neonatal brain injury. Methods: Postnatal day 2 (P2) mice received three intraperitoneal injections of remifentanil (500 ng/g over a 10-min period) or saline just before an intracortical injection of ibotenate (10 μg). Cerebral reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell death, in situ labeling of cortical caspase activity, astrogliosis, inflammation mediators, and lesion size were determined at various time points after ibotenate injection. Finally, behavioral tests were performed until P18. Results: In the injured neonatal brain, remifentanil significantly decreased ROS production, cortical caspase activity, DNA fragmentation, interleukin-1β levels, and reactive astrogliosis. At P7, the sizes of the ibotenate-induced lesions were significantly reduced by remifentanil treatment. Performance on negative geotaxis (P6-8) and grasping reflex (P10-12) tests was improved in the remifentanil group. At P18, a sex specificity was noticed; remifentanil-treated females spent more time in the open field center than did the controls, suggesting less anxiety in young female mice. Conclusions: In vivo exposure to remifentanil exerts a beneficial effect against excitotoxicity on the developing mouse brain, which is associated with a reduction in the size of ibotenate-induced brain lesion as well as prevention of some behavioral deficits in young mice. The long-term effect of neonatal exposure to remifentanil should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Chollat
- INSERM U1245, Genetics and Pathophysiology of Neurodevelopment Disorders Team, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Port-Royal, Paris Centre University Hospitals, APHP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Maryline Lecointre
- INSERM U1245, Genetics and Pathophysiology of Neurodevelopment Disorders Team, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Matthieu Leuillier
- INSERM U1245, Genetics and Pathophysiology of Neurodevelopment Disorders Team, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Isabelle Remy-Jouet
- INSERM U1096, Biology Oxidative Stress Systems Platform, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | | | - Lénaïg Abily-Donval
- INSERM U1245, Genetics and Pathophysiology of Neurodevelopment Disorders Team, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Department of Neonatal Pediatrics and Intensive Care, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Yasmina Ramdani
- INSERM U1245, Genetics and Pathophysiology of Neurodevelopment Disorders Team, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Richard
- INSERM U1096, Biology Oxidative Stress Systems Platform, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | | | - Bertrand Dureuil
- Department Anesthetics and Intensive Care, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Marret
- INSERM U1245, Genetics and Pathophysiology of Neurodevelopment Disorders Team, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Department of Neonatal Pediatrics and Intensive Care, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno José Gonzalez
- INSERM U1245, Genetics and Pathophysiology of Neurodevelopment Disorders Team, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Sylvie Jégou
- INSERM U1245, Genetics and Pathophysiology of Neurodevelopment Disorders Team, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Fabien Tourrel
- INSERM U1245, Genetics and Pathophysiology of Neurodevelopment Disorders Team, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Department Anesthetics and Intensive Care, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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14
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Cheung HM, Yew DTW. Effects of Perinatal Exposure to Ketamine on the Developing Brain. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:138. [PMID: 30853884 PMCID: PMC6395450 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially used as an analgesic and anesthetic, ketamine has unfortunately been abused as a popular recreational party drug due to its psychotropic effects. Over the last decade, ketamine has also emerged as an effective rapid-onset anti-depressant. The increasingly widespread use and misuse of the drug in infants and pregnant women has posed a concern about the neurotoxicity of ketamine to the immature brains of developing fetuses and children. In this review, we summarize recent research findings on major possible mechanisms of perinatal ketamine-induced neurotoxicity. We also briefly summarize the neuroprotective effects of ketamine in the presence of noxious stimuli. Future actions include implementation of more drug abuse education and prevention campaigns to raise the public’s awareness of the harmful effects of ketamine abuse; further investigations to justify the clinical use of ketamine as analgesic, anesthetic and anti-depressant; and further studies to develop alternatives to ketamine or treatments that can alleviate the detrimental effects of ketamine use, especially in infants and pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Man Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.,Hong Kong College of Technology, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - David Tai Wai Yew
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.,Hong Kong College of Technology, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
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15
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Chollat C, Sentilhes L, Marret S. Protection of brain development by antenatal magnesium sulphate for infants born preterm. Dev Med Child Neurol 2019; 61:25-30. [PMID: 30294845 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) remains the most significant neurological disorder associated with preterm birth. It disrupts quality of life and places huge cost burdens on society. Antenatal magnesium sulphate administration to females before 32 weeks' gestation has proven to be an effective intervention to reduce the rate of CP. In models of hypoxia, hypoxia-ischemia, inflammation, and excitotoxicity in various animal species, magnesium sulphate preconditioning decreased the resulting lesion sizes and inflammatory cytokine levels, prevented cell death, and improved long-term cognitive and motor behaviours. In humans, meta-analyses of five randomized controlled trials using magnesium sulphate as a neuroprotectant showed prevention of CP at 2 years. The benefit remained consistent regardless of gestational age, cause of preterm birth, and total dose received. Antenatal magnesium sulphate treatment is now recommended by the World Health Organization and by many obstetric societies. Its cost-effectiveness further justifies its widespread implementation. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Neuroprotective effect of magnesium sulphate to reduce cerebral palsy in infants born preterm when administered to females at risk of imminent preterm birth. Neuroprotection regardless of gestational age, cause of preterm birth, and total dose. Antenatal magnesium sulphate treatment has good cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Chollat
- INSERM U1245, Genetics and Pathophysiology of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Team 4 Neovasc, Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen School of Medicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Port Royal University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Loic Sentilhes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Marret
- INSERM U1245, Genetics and Pathophysiology of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Team 4 Neovasc, Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen School of Medicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care and Neuropaediatrics, Charles-Nicolle University Hospital, Rouen, France
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16
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Lecuyer M, Rubio M, Chollat C, Lecointre M, Jégou S, Leroux P, Cleren C, Leroux-Nicollet I, Marpeau L, Vivien D, Marret S, Gonzalez BJ. Experimental and clinical evidence of differential effects of magnesium sulfate on neuroprotection and angiogenesis in the fetal brain. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2017; 5. [PMID: 28805973 PMCID: PMC5684858 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies showed beneficial effects of magnesium sulfate regarding the risk of cerebral palsy. However, regimen protocols fluctuate worldwide and risks of adverse effects impacting the vascular system have been reported for human neonates, keeping open the question of the optimal dosing. Using clinically relevant concentrations and doses of magnesium sulfate, experiments consisted of characterizing, respectively, ex vivo and in vivo, the effects of magnesium sulfate on the nervous and vascular systems of mouse neonates by targeting neuroprotection, angiogenesis, and hemodynamic factors and in measuring, in human fetuses, the impact of a 4‐g neuroprotective loading dose of magnesium sulfate on brain hemodynamic parameters. Preclinical experiments using cultured cortical slices from mouse neonates showed that the lowest and highest tested concentrations of magnesium sulfate were equally potent to prevent excitotoxic‐induced cell death, cell edema, cell burst, and intracellular calcium increase, whereas no side effects were found regarding apoptosis. In contrast, in vivo data revealed that magnesium sulfate exerted dose‐dependent vascular effects on the fetal brain. In particular, it induced brain hypoperfusion, stabilization of Hif‐1α, long‐term upregulation of VEGF‐R2 expression, impaired endothelial viability, and altered cortical angiogenesis. Clinically, in contrast to 6‐g loading doses used in some protocols, a 4‐g bolus of magnesium sulfate did not altered fetal brain hemodynamic parameters. In conclusion, these data provide the first mechanistic evidence of double‐sword and dose‐dependent actions of magnesium sulfate on nervous and vascular systems. They strongly support the clinical use of neuroprotection protocols validated for the lowest (4‐g) loading dose of magnesium sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Lecuyer
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 NeoVasc Team, Rouen University Hospital, IRIB, F76000 Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Marina Rubio
- INSERM U1237 unit "Serine proteases and Pathophysiology of the neurovascular Unit", Normandy University, Caen, France
| | - Clément Chollat
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 NeoVasc Team, Rouen University Hospital, IRIB, F76000 Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, Rouen Hospital, Rouen, France.,Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Port-Royal University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Maryline Lecointre
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 NeoVasc Team, Rouen University Hospital, IRIB, F76000 Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Sylvie Jégou
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 NeoVasc Team, Rouen University Hospital, IRIB, F76000 Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Leroux
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 NeoVasc Team, Rouen University Hospital, IRIB, F76000 Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Carine Cleren
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 NeoVasc Team, Rouen University Hospital, IRIB, F76000 Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Isabelle Leroux-Nicollet
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 NeoVasc Team, Rouen University Hospital, IRIB, F76000 Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Loic Marpeau
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 NeoVasc Team, Rouen University Hospital, IRIB, F76000 Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,Department of Obstetrics, Rouen Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- INSERM U1237 unit "Serine proteases and Pathophysiology of the neurovascular Unit", Normandy University, Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Marret
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 NeoVasc Team, Rouen University Hospital, IRIB, F76000 Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, Rouen Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno J Gonzalez
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 NeoVasc Team, Rouen University Hospital, IRIB, F76000 Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
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17
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Chen KS, Harris L, Lim JWC, Harvey TJ, Piper M, Gronostajski RM, Richards LJ, Bunt J. Differential neuronal and glial expression of nuclear factor I proteins in the cerebral cortex of adult mice. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:2465-2483. [PMID: 28295292 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor I (NFI) family of transcription factors plays an important role in the development of the cerebral cortex in humans and mice. Disruption of nuclear factor IA (NFIA), nuclear factor IB (NFIB), or nuclear factor IX (NFIX) results in abnormal development of the corpus callosum, lateral ventricles, and hippocampus. However, the expression or function of these genes has not been examined in detail in the adult brain, and the cell type-specific expression of NFIA, NFIB, and NFIX is currently unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of each NFI protein shows a distinct laminar pattern in the adult mouse neocortex and that their cell type-specific expression differs depending on the family member. NFIA expression was more frequently observed in astrocytes and oligodendroglia, whereas NFIB expression was predominantly localized to astrocytes and neurons. NFIX expression was most commonly observed in neurons. The NFI proteins were equally distributed within microglia, and the ependymal cells lining the ventricles of the brain expressed all three proteins. In the hippocampus, the NFI proteins were expressed during all stages of neural stem cell differentiation in the dentate gyrus, with higher expression intensity in neuroblast cells as compared to quiescent stem cells and mature granule neurons. These findings suggest that the NFI proteins may play distinct roles in cell lineage specification or maintenance, and establish the basis for further investigation of their function in the adult brain and their emerging role in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Siong Chen
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lachlan Harris
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan W C Lim
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tracey J Harvey
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Piper
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard M Gronostajski
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Linda J Richards
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jens Bunt
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Nakazawa K, Jeevakumar V, Nakao K. Spatial and temporal boundaries of NMDA receptor hypofunction leading to schizophrenia. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2017; 3:7. [PMID: 28560253 PMCID: PMC5441533 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-016-0003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction is one of the most prevalent models of schizophrenia. For example, healthy subjects treated with uncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists elicit positive, negative, and cognitive-like symptoms of schizophrenia. Patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis, which is likely caused by autoantibody-mediated down-regulation of cell surface N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, often experience psychiatric symptoms similar to schizophrenia initially. However, where and when N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction occurs in the brain of schizophrenic patients is poorly understood. Here we review the findings from N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist and autoantibody models, postmortem studies on N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunits, as well as the global and cell-type-specific knockout mouse models of subunit GluN1. We compare various conditional GluN1 knockout mouse strains, focusing on the onset of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor deletion and on the cortical cell-types. Based on these results, we hypothesize that N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction initially occurs in cortical GABAergic neurons during early postnatal development. The resulting GABA neuron maturation deficit may cause reduction of intrinsic excitability and GABA release, leading to disinhibition of pyramidal neurons. The cortical disinhibition in turn could elicit glutamate spillover and subsequent homeostatic down regulation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor function in pyramidal neurons in prodromal stage. These two temporally-distinct N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunctions may be complimentary, as neither alone may not be able to fully explain the entire schizophrenia pathophysiology. Potential underlying mechanisms for N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction in cortical GABA neurons are also discussed, based on studies of naturally-occurring N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists, neuregulin/ErbB4 signaling pathway, and theoretical analysis of excitatory/inhibitory balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazu Nakazawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Vivek Jeevakumar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Kazuhito Nakao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
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Marret S, Ancel PY. Protection cérébrale de l’enfant né prématuré par le sulfate de magnésium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 45:1418-1433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Kajimoto M, Ledee DR, Olson AK, Isern NG, Robillard-Frayne I, Des Rosiers C, Portman MA. Selective cerebral perfusion prevents abnormalities in glutamate cycling and neuronal apoptosis in a model of infant deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and reperfusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1992-2004. [PMID: 27604310 PMCID: PMC5094314 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16666846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest is often required for the repair of complex congenital cardiac defects in infants. However, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest induces neuroapoptosis associated with later development of neurocognitive abnormalities. Selective cerebral perfusion theoretically provides superior neural protection possibly through modifications in cerebral substrate oxidation and closely integrated glutamate cycling. We tested the hypothesis that selective cerebral perfusion modulates glucose utilization, and ameliorates abnormalities in glutamate flux, which occur in association with neuroapoptosis during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Eighteen infant male Yorkshire piglets were assigned randomly to two groups of seven (deep hypothermic circulatory arrest or deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with selective cerebral perfusion for 60 minutes at 18℃) and four control pigs without cardiopulmonary bypass support. Carbon-13-labeled glucose as a metabolic tracer was infused, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance were used for metabolic analysis in the frontal cortex. Following 2.5 h of cerebral reperfusion, we observed similar cerebral adenosine triphosphate levels, absolute levels of lactate and citric acid cycle intermediates, and carbon-13 enrichment among three groups. However, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest induced significant abnormalities in glutamate cycling resulting in reduced glutamate/glutamine and elevated γ-aminobutyric acid/glutamate along with neuroapoptosis, which were all prevented by selective cerebral perfusion. The data suggest that selective cerebral perfusion prevents these modifications in glutamate/glutamine/γ-aminobutyric acid cycling and protects the cerebral cortex from apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kajimoto
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dolena R Ledee
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aaron K Olson
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nancy G Isern
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Christine Des Rosiers
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal and Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael A Portman
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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21
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Jiang X, Lachance M, Rossignol E. Involvement of cortical fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive basket cells in epilepsy. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2016; 226:81-126. [PMID: 27323940 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GABAergic interneurons of the parvalbumin-positive fast-spiking basket cells subtype (PV INs) are important regulators of cortical network excitability and of gamma oscillations, involved in signal processing and cognition. Impaired development or function of PV INs has been associated with epilepsy in various animal models of epilepsy, as well as in some genetic forms of epilepsy in humans. In this review, we provide an overview of some of the experimental data linking PV INs dysfunction with epilepsy, focusing on disorders of the specification, migration, maturation, synaptic function, or connectivity of PV INs. Furthermore, we reflect on the potential therapeutic use of cell-type specific stimulation of PV INs within active networks and on the transplantation of PV INs precursors in the treatment of epilepsy and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Jiang
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M Lachance
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - E Rossignol
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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22
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Inta I, Domonkos E, Pfeiffer N, Sprengel R, Bettendorf M, Lang UE, Inta D, Gass P. Puberty marks major changes in the hippocampal and cortical c-Fos activation pattern induced by NMDA receptor antagonists. Neuropharmacology 2016; 112:181-187. [PMID: 26995729 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-selective and subunit (GluN2B)-specific N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists represent promising alternative antidepressant drugs with fast onset of the therapeutic action. The neuronal activation pattern induced by NMDAR antagonists is well characterized by c-Fos expression analysis only in the adult rodent brain. In contrast, there is little information available regarding their effects during postnatal development. Here we performed a systematic c-Fos brain mapping of the non-selective NMDAR antagonist MK-801 and the GluN2B-specific antagonist Ro 25-6981 from postnatal day 16 (P16) to P40. We found significant regional differences with gender-specificity in the activation pattern compared to the adult. Surprisingly, in the hippocampus, MK-801 triggered at pre-pubertal stages (especially at P24) very strong c-Fos expression, followed by low levels after P30, the approximate time point of puberty onset in mice. The cortical distribution of MK-801-triggered c-Fos expression before puberty differed also substantially from the adult brain, showing high levels only in deep cortical layers at pre-pubertal stages. In comparison, the cortical activation induced by Ro 25-6981 diminished from high pre-pubertal levels and was in comparison with that triggered by MK-801 low in the hippocampus. These results reveal highly dynamic changes in the c-Fos activation pattern induced by NMDAR antagonists during puberty. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Ionotropic glutamate receptors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Inta
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emese Domonkos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Natascha Pfeiffer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Sprengel
- Max-Planck Research Group at the Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Bettendorf
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Undine E Lang
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dragos Inta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Peter Gass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Roux C, Aligny C, Lesueur C, Girault V, Brunel V, Ramdani Y, Genty D, Driouich A, Laquerrière A, Marret S, Brasse-Lagnel C, Gonzalez BJ, Bekri S. NMDA receptor blockade in the developing cortex induces autophagy-mediated death of immature cortical GABAergic interneurons: An ex vivo and in vivo study in Gad67-GFP mice. Exp Neurol 2015; 267:177-93. [PMID: 25795167 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In neonates, excitotoxicity is a major process involved in hypoxic-ischemic brain lesions, and several research groups have suggested the use of NMDA antagonists for neuroprotection. However, despite their clinical interest, there is more and more evidence suggesting that, in the immature brain, these molecules exert deleterious actions on migrating GABAergic interneurons by suppressing glutamatergic trophic inputs. Consequently, preventing the side effects of NMDA antagonists would be therapeutically useful. Because macroautophagy is involved in the adaptive response to trophic deprivation, the aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of autophagy modulators on the MK801-induced death of immature GABAergic interneurons and to characterize the crosstalk between autophagic and apoptotic mechanisms in this cell type. Ex vivo, using cortical slices from NMRI and Gad67-GFP mice, we show that blockade of the NMDA receptor results in an accumulation of autophagosomes due to the disruption of the autophagic flux. This effect precedes the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and the degeneration of immature GABAergic neurons present in developing cortical layers II-IV and is prevented by 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor. In contrast, modulators of autophagy (3-MA, rapamycin) do not interfere with the anti-excitotoxic and neuroprotective effect of MK801 observed in deep layers V and VI. In vivo, 3-MA blocks the rapid increase in caspase-3 cleavage induced by the blockade of NMDA receptors and prevents the resulting long-term decrease in Gad67-GFP neurons in layers II-IV. Together, these data suggest that, in the developing cortex, the suppression of glutamatergic inputs through NMDA receptor inhibition results in the impairment of the autophagic flux and the subsequent switch to apoptotic death of immature GABAergic interneurons. The concomitant inhibition of autophagy prevents this pro-apoptotic action of the NMDA blocker and favors the long-term rescue of GABAergic interneurons without interfering with its neuroprotective actions. The use of autophagy modulators in the developing brain would create new opportunities to prevent the side effects of NMDA antagonists used for neuroprotection or anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Roux
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Caroline Aligny
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Céline Lesueur
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Virginie Girault
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Valery Brunel
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Yasmina Ramdani
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Damien Genty
- Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Research Platform of Cell Imagery (PRIMACEN), France; Laboratory of Glycobiology and Plant Extracellular Matrix (GLYCOMEV) EA 4358, France
| | - Annie Laquerrière
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Marret
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Carole Brasse-Lagnel
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno J Gonzalez
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France.
| | - Soumeya Bekri
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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24
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Roux C, Lesueur C, Aligny C, Brasse-Lagnel C, Genty D, Marret S, Laquerrière A, Bekri S, Gonzalez BJ. 3-MA Inhibits Autophagy and Favors Long-Term Integration of Grafted Gad67–GFP GABAergic Precursors in the Developing Neocortex by Preventing Apoptosis. Cell Transplant 2014; 23:1425-50. [DOI: 10.3727/096368913x670174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In human neonates, immature GABAergic interneurons are markedly affected by an excitotoxic insult. While in adults the interest of cell transplantation has been demonstrated in several neurological disorders, few data are available regarding the immature brain. The low survival rate constitutes a strong limitation in the capacity of transplanted neurons to integrate the host tissue. Because i) autophagy is an adaptive process to energetic/nutrient deprivation essential for cell survival and ii) literature describes cross-talks between autophagy and apoptosis, we hypothesized that regulation of autophagy would represent an original strategy to favor long-term survival of GABAergic precursors grafted in the immature neocortex. Morphological, neurochemical, and functional data showed that in control conditions, few grafted Gad67-GFP precursors survived. The first hours following transplantation were a critical period with intense apoptosis. Experiments performed on E15.5 ganglionic eminences revealed that Gad67-GFP precursors were highly sensitive to autophagy. Rapamycin and 3-MA impacted on LC3 cleavage, LC3II translocation, and autophagosome formation. Quantification of Bax, mitochondrial integrity, caspase-3 cleavage, and caspase-3 immunolocalization and activity showed that 3-MA induced a significant decrease of Gad67-GFP precursor apoptosis. In vivo, 3-MA induced, within the first 24 h, a diffuse LC3 pattern of grafted Gad67-GFP precursors, an increase of precursors with neurites, a reduction of the density of caspase-3 immunoreactive cells. A twofold increase in the survival rate occurred 15 days after the graft. Surviving neurons were localized in the cortical layers II–IV, which were still immature when the transplantation was done. Altogether, these data indicate that inhibition of autophagy represents an original strategy to allow GABAergic interneurons to overpass the first critical hours following transplantation and to increase their long-term survival in mice neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Roux
- NeoVasc Laboratory, ERI28, Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Céline Lesueur
- NeoVasc Laboratory, ERI28, Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Caroline Aligny
- NeoVasc Laboratory, ERI28, Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Carole Brasse-Lagnel
- NeoVasc Laboratory, ERI28, Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Damien Genty
- Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Marret
- NeoVasc Laboratory, ERI28, Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, Rouen Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Annie Laquerrière
- NeoVasc Laboratory, ERI28, Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Soumeya Bekri
- NeoVasc Laboratory, ERI28, Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno J. Gonzalez
- NeoVasc Laboratory, ERI28, Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
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25
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Lecointre M, Vézier C, Bénard M, Ramdani Y, Dupré N, Brasse-Lagnel C, Henry VJ, Roy V, Marret S, Gonzalez BJ, Jégou S, Leroux-Nicollet I. Age-dependent alterations of the NMDA receptor developmental profile and adult behavior in postnatally ketamine-treated mice. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 75:315-33. [PMID: 25220981 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine is a NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist used in pediatric anesthesia. Given the role of glutamatergic signaling during brain maturation, we studied the effects of a single ketamine injection (40 mg/kg s.c) in mouse neonates depending on postnatal age at injection (P2, P5, or P10) on cortical NMDAR subunits expression and association with Membrane-Associated Guanylate Kinases PSD95 and SAP102. The effects of ketamine injection at P2, P5, or P10 on motor activity were compared in adulthood. Ketamine increased GluN2A and GluN2B mRNA levels in P2-treated mice without change in proteins, while it decreased GluN2B protein in P10-treated mice without change in mRNA. Ketamine reduced GluN2A mRNA and protein levels in P5-treated mice without change in GluN2B and GluN1. Ketamine affected the GluN2A/PSD95 association regardless of the age at injection, while GluN2B/PSD95 association was enhanced only in P5-treated mice. Microdissection of ketamine-treated mouse cortex showed a decrease in GluN2A mRNA level in superficial layers (I-IV) and an increase in all subunit expressions in deep layers (V-VI) in P5- and P10-treated mice, respectively. Our data suggest that ketamine impairs cortical NMDAR subunit developmental profile and delays the synaptic targeting of GluN2A-enriched NMDAR. Ketamine injection at P2 or P10 resulted in hyperlocomotion in adult male mice in an open field, without change in females. Voluntary running-wheel exercise showed age- and sex-dependent alterations of the mouse activity, especially during the dark phase. Overall, a single neonatal ketamine exposure led to short-term NMDAR cortical developmental profile impairments and long-term motor activity alterations persisting in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryline Lecointre
- ERI28 "Neovasc", Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Normandy University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
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26
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Aligny C, Roux C, Dourmap N, Ramdani Y, Do-Rego JC, Jégou S, Leroux P, Leroux-Nicollet I, Marret S, Gonzalez BJ. Ketamine alters cortical integration of GABAergic interneurons and induces long-term sex-dependent impairments in transgenic Gad67-GFP mice. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1311. [PMID: 24991763 PMCID: PMC4123069 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, widely used as an anesthetic in neonatal pediatrics, is also an illicit drug named Super K or KitKat consumed by teens and young adults. In the immature brain, despite several studies indicating that NMDA antagonists are neuroprotective against excitotoxic injuries, there is more and more evidence indicating that these molecules exert a deleterious effect by suppressing a trophic function of glutamate. In the present study, we show using Gad67-GFP mice that prenatal exposure to ketamine during a time-window in which GABAergic precursors are migrating results in (i) strong apoptotic death in the ganglionic eminences and along the migratory routes of GABAergic interneurons; (ii) long-term deficits in interneuron density, dendrite numbers and spine morphology; (iii) a sex-dependent deregulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and GABA transporter expression; (iv) sex-dependent changes in the response to glutamate-induced calcium mobilization; and (v) the long-term sex-dependent behavioral impairment of locomotor activity. In conclusion, using a preclinical approach, the present study shows that ketamine exposure during cortical maturation durably affects the integration of GABAergic interneurons by reducing their survival and differentiation. The resulting molecular, morphological and functional modifications are associated with sex-specific behavioral deficits in adults. In light of the present data, it appears that in humans, ketamine could be deleterious for the development of the brain of preterm neonates and fetuses of addicted pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aligny
- ERI28, NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonatal Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - C Roux
- ERI28, NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonatal Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - N Dourmap
- ERI28, NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonatal Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Y Ramdani
- ERI28, NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonatal Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - J-C Do-Rego
- Behavioural Analysis Facility, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - S Jégou
- ERI28, NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonatal Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - P Leroux
- ERI28, NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonatal Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - I Leroux-Nicollet
- ERI28, NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonatal Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - S Marret
- 1] ERI28, NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonatal Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France [2] Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - B J Gonzalez
- ERI28, NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonatal Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
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27
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Lecointre M, Hauchecorne M, Chaussivert A, Marret S, Leroux P, Jegou S, Leroux-Nicollet I, Gonzalez BJ, Henry VJ. The efficiency of glutamate uptake differs between neonatal and adult cortical microvascular endothelial cells. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:764-7. [PMID: 24517976 PMCID: PMC4013767 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate transporters (excitatory amino-acid transporters (EAATs)) are essential for brain homeostasis. While previous studies indicate that the vascular endothelium contributes to glutamate efflux in the adult brain, little information is available regarding glutamate uptake in the immature brain. The present study shows a differential expression pattern of EAATs between cortical microvessels in adults and newborns. In addition, adult cortical endothelial cells take up glutamate more efficiently than neonatal cells. Our findings indicate age-specific changes in extracellular glutamate regulation by brain endothelial cells, suggesting differences in the efficiency of glutamate efflux during an excitotoxic process that, in turn, may contribute to age-specific brain vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryline Lecointre
- ERI28 NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Normandy University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Michelle Hauchecorne
- ERI28 NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Normandy University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Armelle Chaussivert
- ERI28 NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Normandy University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Marret
- 1] ERI28 NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Normandy University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France [2] Department of Neonatal Pediatrics and Intensive Care, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Leroux
- ERI28 NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Normandy University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Sylvie Jegou
- ERI28 NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Normandy University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Isabelle Leroux-Nicollet
- ERI28 NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Normandy University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno J Gonzalez
- ERI28 NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Normandy University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Vincent J Henry
- ERI28 NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Normandy University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
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Tourrel F, de Lendeu PK, Abily-Donval L, Chollat C, Marret S, Dufrasne F, Compagnon P, Ramdani Y, Dureuil B, Laudenbach V, Gonzalez BJ, Jégou S. The Antiapoptotic Effect of Remifentanil on the Immature Mouse Brain. Anesth Analg 2014; 118:1041-51. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Gao J, Wang H, Liu Y, Li YY, Chen C, Liu LM, Wu YM, Li S, Yang C. Glutamate and GABA imbalance promotes neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus after stress. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:499-512. [PMID: 24675061 PMCID: PMC3976216 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background People who experience traumatic events have an increased risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, PTSD-related pathological changes in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex remain poorly understood. Material/Methods We investigated the effect of a PTSD-like animal model induced by severe stress. The experimental rats received 20 inescapable electric foot shocks in an enclosed box for a total of 6 times in 3 days. The physiological state (body weight and plasma corticosterone concentrations), emotion, cognitive behavior, brain morphology, apoptosis, and balance of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were observed. Cell damages were examined with histological staining (HE, Nissl, and silver impregnation), while apoptosis was analyzed with flow cytometry using an Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) binding and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. Results In comparison with the sham litter-mates, the stressed rats showed decreased body weight, inhibition of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, increase in freezing response to trauma reminder, hypoactivity and anxiety-like behaviors in elevated plus maze and open field test, poor learning in Morris water maze, and shortened latency in hot-plate test. There were significant damages in the hippocampus but not in the prefrontal cortex. Imbalance between glutamate and GABA was more evident in the hippocampus than in the prefrontal cortex. Conclusions These results suggest that neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus after severe traumatic stress is related to the imbalance between glutamate and GABA. Such modifications may resemble the profound changes observed in PTSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Ying-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Can Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Liang-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Ya-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Ce Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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Wang RR, Jin JH, Womack AW, Lyu D, Kokane SS, Tang N, Zou X, Lin Q, Chen J. Neonatal ketamine exposure causes impairment of long-term synaptic plasticity in the anterior cingulate cortex of rats. Neuroscience 2014; 268:309-17. [PMID: 24674848 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic most commonly used in many pediatric procedures, has been reported in many animal studies to cause widespread neuroapoptosis in the neonatal brain after exposure in high doses and/or for a prolonged period. This neurodegenerative change occurs most severely in the forebrain including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) that is an important brain structure for mediating a variety of cognitive functions. However, it is still unknown whether such apoptotic neurodegeneration early in life would subsequently impair the synaptic plasticity of the ACC later in life. In this study, we performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from the ACC brain slices of young adult rats to examine any alterations in long-term synaptic plasticity caused by neonatal ketamine exposure. Ketamine was administered at postnatal day 4-7 (subcutaneous injections, 20mg/kg given six times, once every 2h). At 3-4weeks of age, long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced and recorded by monitoring excitatory postsynaptic currents from ACC slices. We found that the induction of LTP in the ACC was significantly reduced when compared to the control group. The LTP impairment was accompanied by an increase in the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor-mediated excitatory synaptic transmission and a decrease in GABA inhibitory synaptic transmission in neurons of the ACC. Thus, our present findings show that neonatal ketamine exposure causes a significant LTP impairment in the ACC. We suggest that the imbalanced synaptic transmission is likely to contribute to ketamine-induced LTP impairment in the ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R-R Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, College of Science, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA; Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - J-H Jin
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - A W Womack
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - D Lyu
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - S S Kokane
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - N Tang
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - X Zou
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Q Lin
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
| | - J Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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31
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Bonnet MS, Ouelaa W, Tillement V, Trouslard J, Jean A, Gonzalez BJ, Gourcerol G, Dallaporta M, Troadec JD, Mounien L. Gastric distension activates NUCB2/nesfatin-1-expressing neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 187:17-23. [PMID: 24120633 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brainstem structures such as the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMNX) are essential for the digestive function of the stomach. A large number of neurotransmitters including glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are involved in the central control of gastric functions. However, the neuropeptidergic systems implicated in this process remain undetermined. Nesfatin-1 was recently identified as a neuropeptide cleaved from the N-terminal part of NEFA/nucleobindin 2 precursor (NUCB2). Central administration of this neuropeptide inhibits food consumption and gastroduodenal motility in rodents. Interestingly, the NTS and the DMNX contain a dense population of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 cell bodies. These observations led us to investigate the possible involvement of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons in the brainstem neuronal pathways that modulate gastric functions. We observed an activation of NTS NUCB2/nesfatinergic neurons after gastric distention in rats. In addition, we found that several NTS NUCB2/nesfatinergic neurons were GABAergic. Finally, when fluorogold was injected at the stomach level, many retrogradely labeled neurons were observed in the DMNX which were also positive for NUCB2/nesfatin-1. Taken together, these observations suggest for the first time that NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons of the NTS are sensitive to gastric distension and then may contribute to the satiety signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion S Bonnet
- Physiology and Physiopathology of Motor and Autonomic Nervous Systems (PPSN, EA4667), University of Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
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Modèles animaux de la prématurité : mesures comportementales des effets des lésions cérébrales. ENFANCE 2013. [DOI: 10.4074/s0013754513001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Monroe JD, Heathcote RD. Protein phosphatases regulate the growth of developing neurites. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 31:250-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry D. Monroe
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Box 413MilwaukeeWI53201USA
| | - R. David Heathcote
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Box 413MilwaukeeWI53201USA
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Roy V, Leroux P, Arabo A, Marret S, Gonzalez B. Modèles animaux de la prématurité : mesures comportementales des effets des lésions cérébrales. ENFANCE 2013. [DOI: 10.3917/enf1.131.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Henry VJ, Lecointre M, Laudenbach V, Ali C, Macrez R, Jullienne A, Berezowski V, Carmeliet P, Vivien D, Marret S, Gonzalez BJ, Leroux P. High t-PA release by neonate brain microvascular endothelial cells under glutamate exposure affects neuronal fate. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 50:201-8. [PMID: 23103420 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate excitotoxicity is a consolidated hypothesis in neonatal brain injuries and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) participates in the processes through proteolytic and receptor mediated effects. In brain microvascular endothelial cell (nBMEC) cultures from neonates, t-PA content and release upon glutamate are higher than in adult (aBMECs) cultures. Owing to the variety of t-PA substrates and receptor targets, the study was aimed at determining the putative roles of endothelial t-PA in the neonatal brain parenchyma under glutamate challenge. Basal t-PA release was 4.4 fold higher in nBMECs vs aBMECs and glutamate was 20 fold more potent to allow Evans blue vascular permeability in neonate microvessels indicating that, under noxious glutamate (50 μM) exposure, high amounts of endothelial t-PA stores may be mobilized and may access the nervous parenchyma. Culture media from nBMECS or aBMECs challenged by excitotoxic glutamate were applied to neuron cultures at DIV 11. While media from adult cells did not evoke more LDH release in neuronal cultures that under glutamate alone, media from nBMECs enhanced 2.2 fold LDH release. This effect was not observed with media from t-PA(-/-) nBMECs and was inhibited by hr-PAI-1. In Cortical slices from 10 day-old mice, hrt-PA associated with glutamate evoked neuronal necrosis in deeper (more mature) layers, an effect reversed by NMDA receptor GluN1 amino-terminal domain antibody capable of inhibiting t-PA potentiation of the receptor. In superficial layers (less mature), hrt-PA alone inhibited apoptosis, an effect reversed by the EGF receptor antagonist AG1478. Applied to immature neurons in culture (DIV5), media from nBMEC rescued 85.1% of neurons from cell death induced by serum deprivation. In cortical slices, the anti-apoptotic effect of t-PA fitted with age dependent localization of less mature neurons. These data suggest that in the immature brain, propensity of vessels to release high amounts of t-PA may not only impact vascular integrity but may also influence neuronal fate, via regulation of apoptosis in immature cells and, as in adult by potentiating glutamate toxicity in mature neurons. The data point out putative implication of microvessels in glutamate neurotoxicity in the development, and justify research towards vessel oriented neuroprotection strategies in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Jean Henry
- Region INSERM Team, ERI28 NeoVasc, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France.
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Ben-Ari Y, Woodin MA, Sernagor E, Cancedda L, Vinay L, Rivera C, Legendre P, Luhmann HJ, Bordey A, Wenner P, Fukuda A, van den Pol AN, Gaiarsa JL, Cherubini E. Refuting the challenges of the developmental shift of polarity of GABA actions: GABA more exciting than ever! Front Cell Neurosci 2012; 6:35. [PMID: 22973192 PMCID: PMC3428604 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2012.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During brain development, there is a progressive reduction of intracellular chloride associated with a shift in GABA polarity: GABA depolarizes and occasionally excites immature neurons, subsequently hyperpolarizing them at later stages of development. This sequence, which has been observed in a wide range of animal species, brain structures and preparations, is thought to play an important role in activity-dependent formation and modulation of functional circuits. This sequence has also been considerably reinforced recently with new data pointing to an evolutionary preserved rule. In a recent “Hypothesis and Theory Article,” the excitatory action of GABA in early brain development is suggested to be “an experimental artefact” (Bregestovski and Bernard, 2012). The authors suggest that the excitatory action of GABA is due to an inadequate/insufficient energy supply in glucose-perfused slices and/or to the damage produced by the slicing procedure. However, these observations have been repeatedly contradicted by many groups and are inconsistent with a large body of evidence including the fact that the developmental shift is neither restricted to slices nor to rodents. We summarize the overwhelming evidence in support of both excitatory GABA during development, and the implications this has in developmental neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehezkel Ben-Ari
- INSERM Unité 901, Université de la Méditerranée, UMR S901 Aix-Marseille 2 and INMED Marseille, France
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Abstract
Experiments performed in mammals, including non-human primates, have demonstrated an increase in neuronal death rates normally seen in normal brain development. Such an increase is encountered in diseases but also after exposure of the brain to various class of anaesthetics. In living animals, it can (but not always) result in persistent cognitive impairment. Most of the experiments have been conducted in animals which were never exposed to any pain, which questions their relevancy. On the clinical side, all data comes from retrospective studies. Given the multiple bias, they cannot definitely state that a protocol, if toxic, is more or less when compared to another. Until now, prospective follow-up of children exposed to anaesthetics in utero or during the first months of life do not suggest a major deleterious effect. Yet, a minor one, if existing, would be hard to detect among polluting variables (e.g. pathology requiring anaesthesia, long hospitalization after birth, preterm birth, environmental stress...). For sure, when surgery is mandatory during pregnancy, it is generally for maternal indication and should not be a motif strong enough for foetal extraction, especially in terms where the baby has few chances to survive. Second, it is known for years than anaesthesia before 1 year of age is much riskier than after 1 year, whatever the theorical neurotoxicity is. Third, this enforces the need to develop tools enhancing the precision of anaesthesia as much as possible. Meanwhile, when an infant has undergone numerous general anaesthesias, we strongly recommend a long-time neurological follow-up.
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El Ghazi F, Desfeux A, Brasse-Lagnel C, Roux C, Lesueur C, Mazur D, Remy-Jouet I, Richard V, Jégou S, Laudenbach V, Marret S, Bekri S, Prevot V, Gonzalez BJ. NO-dependent protective effect of VEGF against excitotoxicity on layer VI of the developing cerebral cortex. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 45:871-86. [PMID: 22209711 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In industrialized countries, cerebral palsy affects 2.5‰ of preterm and term infants. At a neurochemical level, the massive release of glutamate constitutes a major process leading to excitotoxicity and neonatal brain lesions. Previous studies, conducted in the laboratory, revealed that, in (δ/δ)VEGF(A) transgenic mice, glutamate-induced brain lesions are exacerbated suggesting that VEGF(A) could play a protective action against excitotoxicity. Using a model of cultured cortical brain slices, the aim of the study was to characterize the central effects of VEGF against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in neonates. Exposure of brain slices to glutamate induced a strong increase of necrotic cell death in the deep cortical layer VI and a decrease of apoptotic death in superficial layers II-IV. When administered alone, a 6-h treatment with VEGF(A) had no effect on both apoptotic and necrotic deaths. In contrast, VEGF(A) abolished the glutamate-induced necrosis observed in layer VI. While MEK and PI3-K inhibitors had no effect on the protective action of VEGF(A), L-NAME, a pan inhibitor of NOS, abrogated the effect of VEGF(A) and exacerbated the excitotoxic action of glutamate. Calcimetry experiments performed on brain slices revealed that VEGF(A) reduced the massive calcium influx induced by glutamate in layer VI and this effect was blocked by L-NAME. Neuroprotective effect of VEGF(A) was also blocked by LNIO and NPLA, two inhibitors of constitutive NOS, while AGH, an iNOS inhibitor, had no effect. Nitrite measurements, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and immunohistochemistry indicated that glutamate was a potent inducer of NO production via activation of nNOS in the cortical layer VI. In vivo administration of nNOS siRNA promoted excitotoxicity and mimicked the effects of L-NAME, LNIO and NPLA. A short-term glutamate treatment increased nNOS Ser1412 phosphorylation, while a long-term exposure inhibited nNOS/NR2B protein-protein interactions. Altogether, these findings indicate that, in deep cortical layers of mice neonates, glutamate stimulates nNOS activity. Contrasting with mature brain, NO production induced by high concentrations of glutamate is neuroprotective and is required for the anti-necrotic effect of VEGF(A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza El Ghazi
- EA NeoVasc 4309, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Rouen Institute for Biomedical Research, European Institute for Peptide Research (IFR 23), University of Rouen, Rouen, France
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Archer T. Effects of exogenous agents on brain development: stress, abuse and therapeutic compounds. CNS Neurosci Ther 2010; 17:470-89. [PMID: 20553311 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The range of exogenous agents likely to affect, generally detrimentally, the normal development of the brain and central nervous system defies estimation although the amount of accumulated evidence is enormous. The present review is limited to certain types of chemotherapeutic and "use-and-abuse" compounds and environmental agents, exemplified by anesthetic, antiepileptic, sleep-inducing and anxiolytic compounds, nicotine and alcohol, and stress as well as agents of infection; each of these agents have been investigated quite extensively and have been shown to contribute to the etiopathogenesis of serious neuropsychiatric disorders. To greater or lesser extent, all of the exogenous agents discussed in the present treatise have been investigated for their influence upon neurodevelopmental processes during the period of the brain growth spurt and during other phases uptill adulthood, thereby maintaining the notion of critical phases for the outcome of treatment whether prenatal, postnatal, or adolescent. Several of these agents have contributed to the developmental disruptions underlying structural and functional brain abnormalities that are observed in the symptom and biomarker profiles of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders and the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. In each case, the effects of the exogenous agents upon the status of the affected brain, within defined parameters and conditions, is generally permanent and irreversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Gutierrez S, Carnes A, Finucane B, Musci G, Oelsner W, Hicks L, Russell GB, Liu C, Turner CP. Is age-dependent, ketamine-induced apoptosis in the rat somatosensory cortex influenced by temperature? Neuroscience 2010; 168:253-62. [PMID: 20298758 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
General anesthetics have long been thought to be relatively safe but recent clinical studies have revealed that exposure of very young children (4 years or less) to agents that act by blocking the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) can lead to cognitive deficits as they mature. In rodent and non-human primate studies, blockade of this receptor during the perinatal period leads to a number of molecular, cellular and behavioral pathologies. Despite the overwhelming evidence from such studies, doubt remains as to their clinical relevance. A key issue is whether the primary injury (apoptotic cell death) is specific to receptor blockade or due to non-specific, patho-physiological changes. Principal to this argument is that loss of core body temperature following NMDAR blockade could explain why injury is observed hours later. We therefore examined the neurotoxicity of the general anesthetic ketamine in P7, P14 and P21 rats while monitoring core body temperature. We found that, at P7, ketamine induced the pro-apoptotic enzyme activated caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner. As expected, injury was greatly diminished by P14 and absent by P21. However, contrary to expectations, we found that core body temperature was not a factor in determining injury. Our data imply that injury is directly related to receptor blockade and is unlikely to be overcome by artificially changing core body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gutierrez
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1010, USA
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