1
|
Alcalá-López D, Mei N, Margolles P, Soto D. Brain-wide representation of social knowledge. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsae032. [PMID: 38804694 PMCID: PMC11173195 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the human brain maps different dimensions of social conceptualizations remains a key unresolved issue. We performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study in which participants were exposed to audio definitions of personality traits and asked to simulate experiences associated with the concepts. Half of the concepts were affective (e.g. empathetic), and the other half were non-affective (e.g. intelligent). Orthogonally, half of the concepts were highly likable (e.g. sincere) and half were socially undesirable (e.g. liar). Behaviourally, we observed that the dimension of social desirability reflected the participant's subjective ratings better than affect. FMRI decoding results showed that both social desirability and affect could be decoded in local patterns of activity through distributed brain regions including the superior temporal, inferior frontal, precuneus and key nodes of the default mode network in posterior/anterior cingulate and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Decoding accuracy was better for social desirability than affect. A representational similarity analysis further demonstrated that a deep language model significantly predicted brain activity associated with the concepts in bilateral regions of superior and anterior temporal lobes. The results demonstrate a brain-wide representation of social knowledge, involving default model network systems that support the multimodal simulation of social experience, with a further reliance on language-related preprocessing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alcalá-López
- Consciousness group, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, San Sebastian 20009, Spain
| | - Ning Mei
- Psychology Department, Shenzhen University, Nanshan district, Guangdong province 3688, China
| | - Pedro Margolles
- Consciousness group, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, San Sebastian 20009, Spain
| | - David Soto
- Consciousness group, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, San Sebastian 20009, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Forbes CE. On the neural networks of self and other bias and their role in emergent social interactions. Cortex 2024; 177:113-129. [PMID: 38848651 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Extensive research has documented the brain networks that play an integral role in bias, or the alteration and filtration of information processing in a manner that fundamentally favors an individual. The roots of bias, whether self- or other-oriented, are a complex constellation of neural and psychological processes that start at the most fundamental levels of sensory processing. From the millisecond information is received in the brain it is filtered at various levels and through various brain networks in relation to extant intrinsic activity to provide individuals with a perception of reality that complements and satisfies the conscious perceptions they have for themselves and the cultures in which they were reared. The products of these interactions, in turn, are dynamically altered by the introduction of others, be they friends or strangers who are similar or different in socially meaningful ways. While much is known about the various ways that basic biases alter specific aspects of neural function to support various forms of bias, the breadth and scope of the phenomenon remains entirely unclear. The purpose of this review is to examine the brain networks that shape (i.e., bias) the self-concept and how interactions with similar (ingroup) compared to dissimilar (outgroup) others alter these network (and subsequent interpersonal) interactions in fundamental ways. Throughout, focus is placed on an emerging understanding of the brain as a complex system, which suggests that many of these network interactions likely occur on a non-linear scale that blurs the lines between network hierarchies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad E Forbes
- Social Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA; Florida Atlantic University Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Matsuhashi K, Itahashi T, Aoki R, Hashimoto RI. Meta-analysis of structural integrity of white matter and functional connectivity in developmental stuttering. Brain Res Bull 2023; 205:110827. [PMID: 38013029 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Developmental stuttering is a speech disfluency disorder characterized by repetitions, prolongations, and blocks of speech. While a number of neuroimaging studies have identified alterations in localized brain activation during speaking in persons with stuttering (PWS), it is unclear whether neuroimaging evidence converges on alterations in structural integrity of white matter and functional connectivity (FC) among multiple regions involved in supporting fluent speech. In the present study, we conducted coordinate-based meta-analyses according to the PRISMA guidelines for available publications that studied fractional anisotropy (FA) using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) for structural integrity and the seed-based voxel-wise FC analyses. The search retrieved 11 publications for the TBSS FA studies, 29 seed-based FC datasets from 6 publications for the resting-state, and 29 datasets from 6 publications for the task-based studies. The meta-analysis of TBSS FA revealed that PWS exhibited FA reductions in the middle and posterior segments of the left superior longitudinal fasciculus. Furthermore, the analysis of resting-state FC demonstrated that PWS had reduced FC in the right supplementary motor area and inferior parietal cortex, whereas an increase in FC was observed in the left cerebellum crus I. Conversely, we observed increased FC for task-based FC in regions implicated in speech production or sequential movements, including the anterior cingulate cortex, posterior insula, and bilateral cerebellum crus I in PWS. Functional network characterization of the altered FCs revealed that the sets of reduced resting-state and increased task-based FCs were largely distinct, but the somatomotor and striatum/thalamus networks were foci of alterations in both conditions. These observations indicate that developmental stuttering is characterized by structural and functional alterations in multiple brain networks that support speech fluency or sequential motor processes, including cortico-cortical and subcortical connections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Matsuhashi
- Department of Language Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Itahashi
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Aoki
- Department of Language Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan; Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang G, Zeng M, Li J, Liu Y, Wei D, Long Z, Chen H, Zang X, Yang J. Neural Representation of Collective Self-esteem in Resting-state Functional Connectivity and its Validation in Task-dependent Modality. Neuroscience 2023; 530:66-78. [PMID: 37619767 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Collective self-esteem (CSE) is an important personality variable, defined as self-worth derived from membership in social groups. A study explored the neural basis of CSE using a task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm; however, task-independent neural basis of CSE remains to be explored, and whether the CSE neural basis of resting-state fMRI is consistent with that of task-based fMRI is unclear. METHODS We built support vector regression (SVR) models to predict CSE scores using topological metrics measured in the resting-state functional connectivity network (RSFC) as features. Then, to test the reliability of the SVR analysis, the activation pattern of the identified brain regions from SVR analysis was used as features to distinguish collective self-worth from other conditions by multivariate pattern classification in task-based fMRI dataset. RESULTS SVR analysis results showed that leverage centrality successfully decoded the individual differences in CSE. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate gyrus, precuneus, orbitofrontal cortex, posterior insula, postcentral gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, temporoparietal junction, and inferior frontal gyrus, which are involved in self-referential processing, affective processing, and social cognition networks, participated in this prediction. Multivariate pattern classification analysis found that the activation pattern of the identified regions from the SVR analysis successfully distinguished collective self-worth from relational self-worth, personal self-worth and semantic control. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed CSE neural basis in the whole-brain RSFC network, and established the concordance between leverage centrality and the activation pattern (evoked during collective self-worth task) of the identified regions in terms of representing CSE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangtong Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mei Zeng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiwen Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yadong Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiliang Long
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haopeng Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xinlei Zang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu J, Chen C, Wu J, He M, Li S, Fang Y, Zhou Y, Xu H, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Manyande A, Zheng F, Chen T, Xu F, Ma D, Wang J, Zhang Z. Effects of propofol and sevoflurane on social and anxiety-related behaviours in sleep-deprived rats. Br J Anaesth 2023; 131:531-541. [PMID: 37543435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders can profoundly affect neurological function. We investigated changes in social and anxiety-related brain functional connectivity induced by sleep deprivation, and the potential therapeutic effects of the general anaesthetics propofol and sevoflurane in rats. METHODS Twelve-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sleep deprivation for 20 h per day (from 14:00 to 10:00 the next day) for 4 consecutive weeks. They were free from sleep deprivation for the remaining 4 h during which they received propofol (40 mg kg-1 i.p.) or sevoflurane (2% for 2 h) per day or no treatment. These cohorts were instrumented for EEG/EMG recordings on days 2, 14, and 28. Different cohorts were used for open field and three-chambered social behavioural tests, functional MRI, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and positron emission tomography imaging 48 h after 4 weeks of sleep deprivation. RESULTS Propofol protected against sleep deprivation-induced anxiety behaviours with more time (44.7 [8.9] s vs 24.2 [4.1] s for the sleep-deprivation controls; P<0.001) spent in the central area of the open field test and improved social preference index by 30% (all P<0.01). Compared with the sleep-deprived rats, propofol treatment enhanced overall functional connectivity by 74% (P<0.05) and overall glucose metabolism by 30% (P<0.01), and improved glutamate kinetics by 20% (P<0.05). In contrast, these effects were not found after sevoflurane treatment. CONCLUSIONS Unlike sevoflurane, propofol reduced sleep deprivation-induced social and anxiety-related behaviours. Propofol might be superior to sevoflurane for patients with sleep disorders who receive anaesthesia, which should be studied in clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinpiao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengying He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, and Medical Research Institute at School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, London, UK
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK; Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zongze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pintos Lobo R, Bottenhorn KL, Riedel MC, Toma AI, Hare MM, Smith DD, Moor AC, Cowan IK, Valdes JA, Bartley JE, Salo T, Boeving ER, Pankey B, Sutherland MT, Musser ED, Laird AR. Neural systems underlying RDoC social constructs: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104971. [PMID: 36436737 PMCID: PMC9843621 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroscientists have sought to identify the underlying neural systems supporting social processing that allow interaction and communication, forming social relationships, and navigating the social world. Through the use of NIMH's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, we evaluated consensus among studies that examined brain activity during social tasks to elucidate regions comprising the "social brain". We examined convergence across tasks corresponding to the four RDoC social constructs, including Affiliation and Attachment, Social Communication, Perception and Understanding of Self, and Perception and Understanding of Others. We performed a series of coordinate-based meta-analyses using the activation likelihood estimate (ALE) method. Meta-analysis was performed on whole-brain coordinates reported from 864 fMRI contrasts using the NiMARE Python package, revealing convergence in medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, temporoparietal junction, bilateral insula, amygdala, fusiform gyrus, precuneus, and thalamus. Additionally, four separate RDoC-based meta-analyses revealed differential convergence associated with the four social constructs. These outcomes highlight the neural support underlying these social constructs and inform future research on alterations among neurotypical and atypical populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine L Bottenhorn
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Riedel
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Afra I Toma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Megan M Hare
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Donisha D Smith
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra C Moor
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Isis K Cowan
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Javier A Valdes
- College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jessica E Bartley
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Taylor Salo
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Emily R Boeving
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brianna Pankey
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Erica D Musser
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun W, Tang P, Liang Y, Li J, Feng J, Zhang N, Lu D, He J, Chen X. The anterior cingulate cortex directly enhances auditory cortical responses in air-puffing-facilitated flight behavior. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110506. [PMID: 35263590 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For survival, animals encode prominent events in complex environments, which modulates their defense behavior. Here, we design a paradigm that assesses how a mild aversive cue (i.e., mild air puff) interacts with sound-evoked flight behavior in mice. We find that air puffing facilitates sound-evoked flight behavior by enhancing the auditory responses of auditory cortical neurons. We then find that the anterior part of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) encodes the valence of air puffing and modulates the auditory cortex through anatomical examination, physiological recordings, and optogenetic/chemogenetic manipulations. Activating ACC projections to the auditory cortex simulates the facilitating effect of air puffing, whereas inhibiting the ACC or its projections to the auditory cortex neutralizes this facilitating effect. These findings show that the ACC regulates sound-evoked flight behavior by potentiating neuronal responses in the auditory cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000 Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 0000 Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Peng Tang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000 Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 0000 Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Ye Liang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000 Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000 Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 0000 Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Feng
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000 Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000 Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 0000 Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Danyi Lu
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000 Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jufang He
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000 Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518507, P.R. China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 0000 Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518507, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Beer JS. Self-Enhancement is Unlikely to Require Somatic Cues nor is it Likely to be a Successful Long-Term Approach to Promoting Environmental Mastery. PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2021.2004814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. Beer
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fesser EA, Gianatiempo O, Berardino BG, Alberca CD, Urrutia L, Falasco G, Sonzogni SV, Chertoff M, Cánepa ET. Impaired social cognition caused by perinatal protein malnutrition evokes neurodevelopmental disorder symptoms and is intergenerationally transmitted. Exp Neurol 2021; 347:113911. [PMID: 34767796 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional inadequacy before birth and during postnatal life can seriously interfere with brain development and lead to persistent deficits in learning and behavior. In this work, we asked if protein malnutrition affects domains of social cognition and if these phenotypes can be transmitted to the next generation. Female mice were fed with a normal or hypoproteic diet during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, offspring were fed with a standard chow. Social interaction, social recognition memory, and dominance were evaluated in both sexes of F1 offspring and in the subsequent F2 generation. Glucose metabolism in the whole brain was analyzed through preclinical positron emission tomography. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis was performed in the medial prefrontal cortex followed by gene-ontology enrichment analysis. Compared with control animals, malnourished mice exhibited a deficit in social motivation and recognition memory and displayed a dominant phenotype. These altered behaviors, except for dominance, were transmitted to the next generation. Positron emission tomography analysis revealed lower glucose metabolism in the medial prefrontal cortex of F1 malnourished offspring. This brain region showed genome-wide transcriptional dysregulation, including 21 transcripts that overlapped with autism-associated genes. Our study cannot exclude that the lower maternal care provided by mothers exposed to a low-protein diet caused an additional impact on social cognition. Our results showed that maternal protein malnutrition dysregulates gene expression in the medial prefrontal cortex, promoting altered offspring behavior that was intergenerationally transmitted. These results support the hypothesis that early nutritional deficiency represents a risk factor for the emergence of symptoms associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía A Fesser
- Grupo Neuroepigenética y Adversidades Tempranas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Octavio Gianatiempo
- Grupo Neuroepigenética y Adversidades Tempranas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno G Berardino
- Grupo Neuroepigenética y Adversidades Tempranas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina D Alberca
- Grupo Neuroepigenética y Adversidades Tempranas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Urrutia
- Centro de Imágenes Moleculares, Fleni, Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán Falasco
- Centro de Imágenes Moleculares, Fleni, Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina V Sonzogni
- Grupo Neuroepigenética y Adversidades Tempranas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Chertoff
- Grupo Neuroepigenética y Adversidades Tempranas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo T Cánepa
- Grupo Neuroepigenética y Adversidades Tempranas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chester DS, Martelli AM, West SJ, Lasko EN, Brosnan P, Makhanova A, Meltzer AL, McNulty JK. Neural mechanisms of intimate partner aggression. Biol Psychol 2021; 165:108195. [PMID: 34592359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
People sometimes hurt those they profess to love; yet our understanding of intimate partner aggression (IPA) and its causes remains incomplete. We examined brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in an ethnically and racially diverse sample of 50 female-male, monogamous romantic couples as they completed an aggression task against their intimate partner, a close friend, and a different-sex stranger. Laboratory and real-world IPA were uniquely associated with altered activity within and connectivity between cortical midline structures that subserve social cognition and the computation of value. Men's IPA most corresponded to lower posterior cingulate reactivity during provocation and women's IPA most corresponded to lower ventromedial prefrontal cortex activity during IPA itself. Actor-partner independence modeling suggested women's IPA may correspond to their male partner's neural reactivity to provocation. Broadly, these findings highlight the importance of self-regulatory functions of the medial cortex and away from effortful inhibition subserved by dorsolateral cortices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S Chester
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
| | - Alexandra M Martelli
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Samuel J West
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Emily N Lasko
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Phoebe Brosnan
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anastasia Makhanova
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Andrea L Meltzer
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - James K McNulty
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Roberts CA, Lorenzetti V, Albein-Urios N, Kowalczyk MA, Martinez-Gonzalez JM, Verdejo-Garcia A. Do comorbid personality disorders in cocaine dependence exacerbate neuroanatomical alterations? A structural neuroimaging study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110298. [PMID: 33716043 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine dependence (CD) is highly comorbid with personality disorders, with implications for poorer treatment response. The neurobiological mechanisms of this comorbidity are unclear. We aimed to test the role of comorbid personality disorders in the neuroanatomy of CD. We examined 4 groups using high-resolution structural neuroimaging, psychological questionnaires and cognitive tests: CD (n = 19), CD and personality disorder type B (CD + B, n = 21), CD and personality disorder C (CD + C, n = 13) and 21 controls. We compared groups in neuroanatomy and hypothesised that (i) CD would show altered striatal areas ascribed to reward processing (i.e., accumbens, caudate and putamen), (ii) CD + B and CD + C would show altered areas supporting emotional regulation/social valuation and anxiety/avoidance (i.e., OFC and amygdala). The CD + B group had larger caudate volumes than CD (p = .01, d = 0.94) and reduced lateral OFC thickness than CD + C (p = .056, d = 0.71). Exploratory correlations showed that altered neural integrity of the OFC and of the caudate nucleus in these groups exacerbated with worse personality disorder severity and impulsivity scores. CD with and without comorbid personality disorders may have partially distinct underlying mechanisms and targets for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Roberts
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK; Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Natalia Albein-Urios
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Magdalena A Kowalczyk
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | | | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; Centro Provincial de Drogodependencias, Diputacion de Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain; School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Parelman JM, Doré BP, Cooper N, O'Donnell MB, Chan HY, Falk EB. Overlapping Functional Representations of Self- and Other-Related Thought are Separable Through Multivoxel Pattern Classification. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:1131-1141. [PMID: 34398230 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-reflection and thinking about the thoughts and behaviors of others are important skills for humans to function in the social world. These two processes overlap in terms of the component processes involved, and share overlapping functional organizations within the human brain, in particular within the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). Several functional models have been proposed to explain these two processes, but none has directly explored the extent to which they are distinctly represented within different parts of the brain. This study used multivoxel pattern classification to quantify the separability of self- and other-related thought in the MPFC and expanded this question to the entire brain. Using a large-scale mega-analytic dataset, spanning three separate studies (n = 142), we find that self- and other-related thought can be reliably distinguished above chance within the MPFC, posterior cingulate cortex and temporal lobes. We highlight subcomponents of the ventral MPFC that are particularly important in representing self-related thought, and subcomponents of the orbitofrontal cortex robustly involved in representing other-related thought. Our findings indicate that representations of self- and other-related thought in the human brain are described best by a distributed pattern rather than stark localization or a purely ventral to dorsal linear gradient in the MPFC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Parelman
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bruce P Doré
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, H3A 1G5, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicole Cooper
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Hang-Yee Chan
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emily B Falk
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zeng M, Li J, Wang C, Deng C, Li R, Chen H, Yang J. Neural processing of personal, relational, and collective self-worth reflected individual differences of self-esteem. J Pers 2021; 90:133-151. [PMID: 34241894 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-esteem stems from an individual's attributes (PSE), relationships with important others (RSE), and collective membership (CSE). Our study aimed to identify neurological indicators in the processing of personal, relational, and collective self-worth, and to investigate whether these neural indicators could reflect individual differences of self-esteem. METHODS Fifty students underwent the evaluation of personal, relational, and collective self-worth using a self-referential paradigm while brain activities were recorded using functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging. Meanwhile, their PSE, RSE, and CSE were measured through questionnaires. RESULTS Conjunction analysis found self-worth processing recruited the precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, and posterior insula. Multivariate pattern analysis showed compared to relational and collective self-worth, personal self-worth processing was distinguished by cortical-midline-structures and affective-related regions, including caudate and putamen, and that these neural patterns could reflect individual differences of PSE. Compared to personal self-worth, relational self-worth was distinguished by the neural activity of temporoparietal-junction, and this neural pattern reflected individual differences of RSE. Compared to relational self-worth, collective self-worth was distinguished by neural activity of the anterior insula, and this neural pattern reflected individual differences of CSE. DISCUSSION These results suggested the neurological indicators of self-worth can be recognized as an alternative way to reflect individual differences of self-esteem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zeng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiwen Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chong Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chijun Deng
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen H, Li J, Zeng M, Yang J. Neural decoding of positive and negative self-knowledge. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-021-09900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
15
|
Prasad S, Rajan A, Pasha SA, Mangalore S, Saini J, Ingalhalikar M, Pal PK. Abnormal structural connectivity in progressive supranuclear palsy-Richardson syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand 2021; 143:430-440. [PMID: 33175396 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Progressive supranuclear palsy-Richardson syndrome (PSP-RS) is characterized by symmetrical parkinsonism with postural instability and frontal dysfunction. This study aims to use the whole brain structural connectome (SC) to gain insights into the underlying disconnectivity which may be implicated in the clinical features of PSP-RS. METHODS Sixteen patients of PSP-RS and 12 healthy controls were recruited. Disease severity was quantified using PSP rating scale (PSPRS), and mini-mental scale was applied to evaluate cognition. Thirty-two direction diffusion MRIs were acquired and used to compute the structural connectome of the whole brain using deterministic fiber tracking. Group analyses were performed at the edge-wise, nodal, and global levels. Age and gender were used as nuisance covariates for all the subsequent analyses, and FDR correction was applied. RESULTS Network-based statistics revealed a 34-edge network with significantly abnormal edge-wise connectivity in the patient group. Of these, 25 edges were cortical connections, of which 68% were frontal connections. Abnormal deep gray matter connections were predominantly comprised of connections between structures of the basal ganglia. The characteristic path length of the SC was lower in PSP-RS, and nodal analysis revealed abnormal degree, strength, local efficiency, betweenness centrality, and participation coefficient in several nodes. CONCLUSIONS Significant alterations in the structural connectivity of the whole brain connectome were observed in PSP-RS. The higher degree of abnormality observed in nodes belonging to the frontal lobe and basal ganglia substantiates the predominant frontal dysfunction and parkinsonism observed in PSP-RS. The findings of this study support the concept that PSP-RS may be a network-based disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Prasad
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences Bangalore India
- Department of Neurology National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences Bangalore India
| | - Archith Rajan
- Symbiosis Center for Medical Image Analysis Symbiosis International University Pune India
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology Symbiosis International University Pune India
| | - Shaik Afsar Pasha
- Department of Neurology National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences Bangalore India
| | - Sandhya Mangalore
- Department of Neuroimaging & Interventional Radiology National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences Bangalore India
| | - Jitender Saini
- Department of Neuroimaging & Interventional Radiology National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences Bangalore India
| | - Madhura Ingalhalikar
- Symbiosis Center for Medical Image Analysis Symbiosis International University Pune India
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology Symbiosis International University Pune India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences Bangalore India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang C, Song S, d'Oleire Uquillas F, Zilverstand A, Song H, Chen H, Zou Z. Altered brain network organization in romantic love as measured with resting-state fMRI and graph theory. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:2771-2784. [PMID: 31898089 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Romantic love is a complex state that has been seen as similar to addiction. Previous task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown that being in love is closely associated with functional brain changes in the reward and motivation system. However, romantic love-related functional connectivity network organization in resting-state fMRI has yet to be elucidated. To that end, here we used resting-state fMRI and graph theory to compare whole-brain functional network topology between an "in-love" group (n = 34, 16 females, currently in love and in a romantic relationship) and a "single" group (n = 32, 14 females, never in love and not in a romantic relationship). Compared to the single group, we found lower network segregation in the love group (i.e., lower small-worldness, mean clustering coefficient, and modularity), and these metrics were negatively associated with scores on the Passionate Love Scale (PLS) (an index of intense passionate/romantic love). Additionally, the love group displayed altered connectivity degree (reflecting the importance of a node): decreased degree in left angular gyrus and left medial orbitofrontal cortex, but increased degree in left fusiform gyrus. Furthermore, local efficiency or degree of these regions was significantly correlated to PLS scores. Taken together, results showed decreased overall brain functional segregation but enhanced emotional-social processing in romantic lovers. These findings provide the first evidence of love-related brain network organization changes and suggest similar but different brain network alterations between romantic love and addiction, providing new insights on the neural systems underlying romantic love.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Sensen Song
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | | | - Anna Zilverstand
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Hongwen Song
- School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Zhiling Zou
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wilde EA, Merkley TL, Lindsey HM, Bigler ED, Hunter JV, Ewing-Cobbs L, Aitken ME, MacLeod MC, Hanten G, Chu ZD, Abildskov TJ, Noble-Haeusslein LJ, Levin HS. Developmental Alterations in Cortical Organization and Socialization in Adolescents Who Sustained a Traumatic Brain Injury in Early Childhood. J Neurotrauma 2020; 38:133-143. [PMID: 32503385 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated patterns of cortical organization in adolescents who had sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) during early childhood to determine ways in which early head injury may alter typical brain development. Increased gyrification in other patient populations is associated with polymicrogyria and aberrant development, but this has not been investigated in TBI. Seventeen adolescents (mean age = 14.1 ± 2.4) who sustained a TBI between 1-8 years of age, and 17 demographically-matched typically developing children (TDC) underwent a high-resolution, T1-weighted 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 6-15 years post-injury. Cortical white matter volume and organization was measured using FreeSurfer's Local Gyrification Index (LGI). Despite a lack of significant difference in white matter volume, participants with TBI demonstrated significantly increased LGI in several cortical regions that are among those latest to mature in normal development, including left parietal association areas, bilateral dorsolateral and medial frontal areas, and the right posterior temporal gyrus, relative to the TDC group. Additionally, there was no evidence of increased surface area in the regions that demonstrated increased LGI. Higher Vineland-II Socialization scores were associated with decreased LGI in right frontal and temporal regions. The present results suggest an altered pattern of expected development in cortical gyrification in the TBI group, with changes in late-developing frontal and parietal association areas. Such changes in brain structure may underlie cognitive and behavioral deficits associated with pediatric TBI. Alternatively, increased gyrification following TBI may represent a compensatory mechanism that allows for typical development of cortical surface area, despite reduced brain volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tricia L Merkley
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA.,Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Hannah M Lindsey
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Erin D Bigler
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA.,Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Jill V Hunter
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Linda Ewing-Cobbs
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mary E Aitken
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arizona, USA
| | - Marianne C MacLeod
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gerri Hanten
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zili D Chu
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tracy J Abildskov
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Linda J Noble-Haeusslein
- Departments of Neurology and Psychology and the Institute of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Harvey S Levin
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yaple ZA, Yu R. Upward and downward comparisons across monetary and status domains. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:4662-4675. [PMID: 33463879 PMCID: PMC7555068 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to accurately infer one's place with respect to others is crucial for social interactions. Individuals tend to evaluate their own actions and outcomes by comparing themselves to others in either an upward or downward direction. We performed two fMRI meta‐analyses on monetary (n = 39; 1,231 participants) and status (n = 23; 572 participants) social comparisons to examine how domain and the direction of comparison can modulate neural correlates of social hierarchy. Overall, both status and monetary downward comparisons activated regions associated with reward processing (striatum) while upward comparisons yielded loss‐related activity. These findings provide partial support for the common currency hypothesis in that downward and upward comparisons from both monetary and status domains resemble gains and losses, respectively. Furthermore, status upward and monetary downward comparisons revealed concordant orbitofrontal cortical activity, an area associated with evaluating the value of goals and decisions implicated in both lesion and empirical fMRI studies investigating social hierarchy. These findings may offer new insight into how people relate to individuals with higher social status and how these social comparisons deviate across monetary and social status domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Yaple
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yaple ZA, Yu R, Arsalidou M. Spatial migration of human reward processing with functional development: Evidence from quantitative meta-analyses. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3993-4009. [PMID: 32638450 PMCID: PMC7469823 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown notable age‐dependent differences in reward processing. We analyzed data from a total of 554 children, 1,059 adolescents, and 1,831 adults from 70 articles. Quantitative meta‐analyses results show that adults engage an extended set of regions that include anterior and posterior cingulate gyri, insula, basal ganglia, and thalamus. Adolescents engage the posterior cingulate and middle frontal gyri as well as the insula and amygdala, whereas children show concordance in right insula and striatal regions almost exclusively. Our data support the notion of reorganization of function over childhood and adolescence and may inform current hypotheses relating to decision‐making across age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Yaple
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marie Arsalidou
- Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Park B, Fareri D, Delgado M, Young L. The role of right temporoparietal junction in processing social prediction error across relationship contexts. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 16:772-781. [PMID: 32483611 PMCID: PMC8343573 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
How do people update their impressions of close others? Although people may be motivated to maintain their positive impressions, they may also update their impressions when their expectations are violated (i.e. prediction error). Combining neuroimaging and computational modeling, we test the hypothesis that brain regions associated with theory of mind, especially right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), underpin both motivated impression maintenance and impression updating evoked by prediction error. Participants had money either given to or taken away from them by a friend or a stranger and were then asked to rate each partner on trustworthiness and closeness across trials. Overall, participants engaged in less impression updating for friends vs strangers. Decreased rTPJ activity in response to a friend’s negative behavior (taking money) was associated with reduced negative updating and increased positive ratings of the friend. However, to the extent that participants did update their impressions (more negative ratings) of friends, this behavioral pattern was explained by greater prediction error and greater rTPJ activity. These findings suggest that rTPJ recruitment represents the integration of prediction error signals and the capacity to overcome people’s motivation to maintain positive impressions of friends in the face of conflicting evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- BoKyung Park
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Dominic Fareri
- Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY 11530, USA
| | - Mauricio Delgado
- Psychology Department, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Liane Young
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Palanisamy A, Giri T, Jiang J, Bice A, Quirk JD, Conyers SB, Maloney SE, Raghuraman N, Bauer AQ, Garbow JR, Wozniak DF. In utero exposure to transient ischemia-hypoxemia promotes long-term neurodevelopmental abnormalities in male rat offspring. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133172. [PMID: 32434985 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of transient ischemic-hypoxemic insults on the developing fetal brain is poorly understood despite evidence suggesting an association with neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. To address this, we designed an aberrant uterine hypercontractility paradigm with oxytocin to better assess the consequences of acute, but transient, placental ischemia-hypoxemia in term pregnant rats. Using MRI, we confirmed that oxytocin-induced aberrant uterine hypercontractility substantially compromised uteroplacental perfusion. This was supported by the observation of oxidative stress and increased lactate concentration in the fetal brain. Genes related to oxidative stress pathways were significantly upregulated in male, but not female, offspring 1 hour after oxytocin-induced placental ischemia-hypoxemia. Persistent upregulation of select mitochondrial electron transport chain complex proteins in the anterior cingulate cortex of adolescent male offspring suggested that this sex-specific effect was enduring. Functionally, offspring exposed to oxytocin-induced uterine hypercontractility showed male-specific abnormalities in social behavior with associated region-specific changes in gene expression and functional cortical connectivity. Our findings, therefore, indicate that even transient but severe placental ischemia-hypoxemia could be detrimental to the developing brain and point to a possible mitochondrial link between intrauterine asphyxia and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Palanisamy
- Department of Anesthesiology.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | | | | | - Annie Bice
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David F Wozniak
- Department of Psychiatry, and.,Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nugiel T, Beer JS. How Does Motivation Modulate the Operation of the Mentalizing Network in Person Evaluation? J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 32:664-673. [PMID: 31702428 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The mentalizing network is theorized to play a central role in making sense of people (compared with nonsocial targets), but is its involvement affected when we make sense of people in a nondispassionate manner (e.g., favoritism toward others on the basis of group membership)? First, mixed findings and small samples have prevented strong conclusions about whether intergroup evaluation increases or decreases activation regions associated with the mentalizing network. Second, little is known about the psychological mechanism underlying mentalizing network activation shaped by ingroup versus outgroup evaluations. Psychological models suggest two hypotheses that can be challenging to disentangle with self-report: Ingroup trait evaluations may benefit from a priori expectations and/or preferential evidence accumulation. Therefore, the current study (n = 50) drew on a combination of drift diffusion modeling and fMRI to examine how group membership affects the engagement of the mentalizing network for trait evaluation and whether group-differentiated activation is associated with a priori expectations and/or preferential evidence accumulation. Outgroup trait evaluations engaged dorsomedial pFC activation, whereas ingroup trait evaluations engaged ventromedial pFC activation as well as other regions associated with mentalizing such as precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, and right TPJ. Furthermore, the ventromedial pFC and posterior cingulate cortex activation was associated with differential expectations applied to ingroup trait evaluation. The current findings demonstrate the importance of combining motivational factors, computational modeling, and fMRI to deepen our understanding of the neural basis of person evaluation.
Collapse
|
23
|
Neurocomputational mechanisms underlying motivated seeing. Nat Hum Behav 2019; 3:962-973. [DOI: 10.1038/s41562-019-0637-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
24
|
Song H, Zhang Y, Zuo L, Chen X, Cao G, d'Oleire Uquillas F, Zhang X. Improving Relationships by Elevating Positive Illusion and the Underlying Psychological and Neural Mechanisms. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 12:526. [PMID: 30687044 PMCID: PMC6336892 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Romantic relationships are difficult to maintain novel and exciting for long periods of time, and individuals in love are known to engage in a variety of efforts to protect and maintain their romantic relationship. How to protect and maintain these relationships more effectively has, however, plagued people, psychologists, and therapists. Intimate partners typically perceive their relationship and their partners in a positive light or bias, a phenomenon called positive illusion. Interestingly, higher levels of positive illusion between partners have been associated with a decreased risk for relationship dissolution, as well as higher satisfaction, and less conflict or doubt in relationships. These findings indicate that elevating positive illusion amongst romantic partners may be of benefit and improve romantic relationships. In the present article, we discuss solving the paradox of positive illusion. As positive illusion may have relationship-enhancing attributes, we discuss the psychological and neural mechanisms that may underlie positive illusion. By elucidating the mechanisms underlying positive illusion, we shine a spotlight on potential future directions for research that aims to improve positive illusion and thus enhance the satisfaction and longevity of romantic relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Song
- School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- School of Foreign Languages, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, China.,Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Zuo
- Hefei Medical Research Center on Alcohol Addiction, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Xueli Chen
- Hefei Medical Research Center on Alcohol Addiction, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Gui Cao
- Institute of Health Science Research, School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Federico d'Oleire Uquillas
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei Medical Research Center on Alcohol Addiction, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China.,Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rigney AE, Koski JE, Beer JS. The functional role of ventral anterior cingulate cortex in social evaluation: disentangling valence from subjectively rewarding opportunities. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 13:14-21. [PMID: 29126210 PMCID: PMC5755235 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite robust associations between the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC) and social evaluation, the role of vACC in social evaluation remains poorly understood. Two hypotheses have emerged from existing research: detection of positive valence and detection of opportunities for subjective reward. It has been difficult to understand whether one or both hypotheses are supported because previous research conflated positive valence with subjective reward. Therefore, the current functional magnetic resonance imaging study drew on a social evaluation paradigm that disentangled positive valence and subjective reward. Participants evaluated in-group and out-group politicians in a social evaluation paradigm that crossed trait valence with opportunity for subjectively rewarding affirmation (i.e. a chance to affirm positive traits about in-group politicians and affirm negative traits about out-group politicians). Participants rated in-group politicians more positively and out-group politicians more negatively. One subregion of vACC was modulated by positive valence and another relatively posterior region of vACC was modulated by opportunity for subjective reward (i.e. a politician × valence interaction). The current findings demonstrate the importance of incorporating vACC function into models of social cognition and provide new avenues for sharpening our understanding of the psychological significance of vACC function in social evaluation and related domains such as reward and affect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia E Rigney
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1043, USA
| | - Jessica E Koski
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1043, USA
| | - Jennifer S Beer
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1043, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tamir DI, Hughes BL. Social Rewards: From Basic Social Building Blocks to Complex Social Behavior. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2018; 13:700-717. [DOI: 10.1177/1745691618776263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Humans are social creatures, engaging almost constantly in social behaviors that serve ultimate social goals, such as forming strong bonds with one another. However, most social behaviors provide only incremental progress toward an ultimate goal. Instead, the drive to engage in any individual social act may derive from its proximal value rather than its ultimate goal. Thus, this proximal value forms the foundation on which the complexities of human sociality are built. We describe two complementary approaches for using proximal social rewards to understand social behaviors and their ultimate goals: (a) decontextualizing social rewards—paring down complex social interactions can help identify which basic building blocks remain valuable even in minimalistic contexts—and (b) recontextualizing social rewards—reintroducing motivational and contextual factors into the study of social experience can help identify how proximal rewards serve their ultimate function. We discuss how this dual-approach framework can inform future research by bridging basic social building blocks and real-world social goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana I. Tamir
- Department of Psychology and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University
| | - Brent L. Hughes
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Capozzi F, Ristic J. How attention gates social interactions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1426:179-198. [PMID: 29799619 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Social interactions are at the core of social life. However, humans selectively choose their exchange partners and do not engage in all available opportunities for social encounters. In this review, we argue that attentional systems play an important role in guiding the selection of social interactions. Supported by both classic and emerging literature, we identify and characterize the three core processes-perception, interpretation, and evaluation-that interact with attentional systems to modulate selective responses to social environments. Perceptual processes facilitate attentional prioritization of social cues. Interpretative processes link attention with understanding of cues' social meanings and agents' mental states. Evaluative processes determine the perceived value of the source of social information. The interplay between attention and these three routes of processing places attention in a powerful role to manage the selection of the vast amount of social information that individuals encounter on a daily basis and, in turn, gate the selection of social interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Capozzi
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jelena Ristic
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Luo Y, Eickhoff SB, Hétu S, Feng C. Social comparison in the brain: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of functional brain imaging studies on the downward and upward comparisons. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:440-458. [PMID: 29064617 PMCID: PMC6866367 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Social comparison is ubiquitous across human societies with dramatic influence on people's well-being and decision making. Downward comparison (comparing to worse-off others) and upward comparison (comparing to better-off others) constitute two types of social comparisons that produce different neuropsychological consequences. Based on studies exploring neural signatures associated with downward and upward comparisons, the current study utilized a coordinate-based meta-analysis to provide a refinement of understanding about the underlying neural architecture of social comparison. We identified consistent involvement of the ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in downward comparison and consistent involvement of the anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in upward comparison. These findings fit well with the "common-currency" hypothesis that neural representations of social gain or loss resemble those for non-social reward or loss processing. Accordingly, we discussed our findings in the framework of general reinforcement learning (RL) hypothesis, arguing how social gain/loss induced by social comparisons could be encoded by the brain as a domain-general signal (i.e., prediction errors) serving to adjust people's decisions in social settings. Although the RL account may serve as a heuristic framework for the future research, other plausible accounts on the neuropsychological mechanism of social comparison were also acknowledged. Hum Brain Mapp 39:440-458, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and LearningBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Simon B. Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM‐7)Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
| | - Sébastien Hétu
- Department of PsychologyUniversité de MontréalMontrealQCCanada
| | - Chunliang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and LearningBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
- College of Information Science and TechnologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hughes BL, Zaki J, Ambady N. Motivation alters impression formation and related neural systems. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:49-60. [PMID: 27798250 PMCID: PMC5390749 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Observers frequently form impressions of other people based on complex or conflicting information. Rather than being objective, these impressions are often biased by observers’ motives. For instance, observers often downplay negative information they learn about ingroup members. Here, we characterize the neural systems associated with biased impression formation. Participants learned positive and negative information about ingroup and outgroup social targets. Following this information, participants worsened their impressions of outgroup, but not ingroup, targets. This tendency was associated with a failure to engage neural structures including lateral prefrontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, temporoparietal junction, Insula and Precuneus when processing negative information about ingroup (but not outgroup) targets. To the extent that participants engaged these regions while learning negative information about ingroup members, they exhibited less ingroup bias in their impressions. These data are consistent with a model of ‘effortless bias’, under which perceivers fail to process goal-inconsistent information in order to maintain desired conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent L Hughes
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA and.,Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jamil Zaki
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA and
| | - Nalini Ambady
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA and
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang T, Xi S, Jin Y, Wu Y. Self-Construal Priming Modulates Self-Evaluation under Social Threat. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1759. [PMID: 29081755 PMCID: PMC5645819 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that Westerners evaluate themselves in an especially flattering way when faced with a social-evaluative threat. The current study first investigated whether East Asians also have a similar pattern by recruiting Chinese participants and using social-evaluative threat manipulations in which participants perform self-evaluation tasks while adopting different social-evaluative feedbacks (Experiment 1). Then further examined whether the different response patterns can be modulated by different types of self-construal by using social-evaluative threat manipulations in conjunction with a self-construal priming task (Experiment 2). The results showed that, as opposed to Westerners' pattern, Chinese participants rated themselves as having significantly greater above-average effect only when faced with the nonthreatening feedback but not the social-evaluative threat. More importantly, we found that self-construal modulated the self-evaluation under social-evaluative threat: following independent self-construal priming, participants tended to show a greater above-average effect when faced with a social-evaluative threat. However, this pattern in conjunction with a social threat disappeared after participants received interdependent self-construal priming or neutral priming. These findings suggest that the effects of social-evaluative threat on self-evaluation are not culturally universal and is strongly modulated by self-construal priming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Zhang
- School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sisi Xi
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Wu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Machine Perception, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Reduced orbitofrontal cortical volume is associated with interdependent self-construal. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:7969-7974. [PMID: 28701382 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1704831114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interdependent self-construal refers to a view of the self as embedded in relationships with others. Prior work suggests that this construal is linked to a strong value placed on social obligations and duties. Interdependent people are therefore cognitively attuned to others and various social events in their surroundings while down-regulating their personal goals. In the present work, we examined whether structural properties of the brain predict interdependent self-construal. We performed a structural magnetic resonance imaging on 135 Japanese young adults while assessing (i) independent and interdependent self-construals and (ii) the degree to which individuals form vivid images of external objects (object imagery). The cortical volume of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (a core cortical region responsible for value-based decisionmaking and, thus, inherently involved in personal goals and desires) inversely predicted interdependent self-construal. Further analysis found that the highest level of interdependent self-construal is achieved when those who are relatively low in the OFC volume are simultaneously high in object imagery, consistent with previous evidence that interdependence, as realized via obligation and duty, requires both the reduced self-interest and vigilant cognitive attunement to environmental context.
Collapse
|
32
|
van der Meulen M, Steinbeis N, Achterberg M, Bilo E, van den Bulk BG, van IJzendoorn MH, Crone EA. The neural correlates of dealing with social exclusion in childhood. Neuropsychologia 2017; 103:29-37. [PMID: 28709987 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Observing social exclusion can be a distressing experience for children that can be followed by concerns for self-inclusion (self-concerns), as well as prosocial behavior to help others in distress (other-concerns). Indeed, behavioral studies have shown that observed social exclusion elicits prosocial compensating behavior in children, but motivations for the compensation of social exclusion are not well understood. To distinguish between self-concerns and other-concerns when observing social exclusion in childhood, participants (aged 7-10) played a four-player Prosocial Cyberball Game in which they could toss a ball to three other players. When one player was excluded by the two other players, the participant could compensate for this exclusion by tossing the ball more often to the excluded player. Using a three-sample replication (N = 18, N = 27, and N = 26) and meta-analysis design, we demonstrated consistent prosocial compensating behavior in children in response to observing social exclusion. On a neural level, we found activity in reward and salience related areas (striatum and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC)) when participants experienced inclusion, and activity in social perception related areas (orbitofrontal cortex) when participants experienced exclusion. In contrast, no condition specific neural effects were observed for prosocial compensating behavior. These findings suggest that in childhood observed social exclusion is associated with stronger neural activity for self-concern. This study aims to overcome some of the issues of replicability in developmental psychology and neuroscience by using a replication and meta-analysis design, showing consistent prosocial compensating behavior to the excluded player, and replicable neural correlates of experiencing exclusion and inclusion during middle childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara van der Meulen
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
| | - Nikolaus Steinbeis
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Achterberg
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Bilo
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca G van den Bulk
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Beer JS. Current Emotion Research in Social Neuroscience: How does emotion influence social cognition? EMOTION REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1754073916650492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroscience investigations of emotional influences on social cognition have been dominated by the somatic marker hypothesis and dual-process theories. Taken together, these lines of inquiry have not provided strong evidence that emotional influences on social cognition rely on neural systems which code for bodily signals of arousal nor distinguish emotional reasoning from other modes of reasoning. Recent findings raise the possibility that emotionally influenced social cognition relies on two stages of neural changes: once when emotion is elicited and a different set of changes at the time of social cognitive judgment. These findings suggest that affect infusion models may be a fruitful framework for bridging neuroscience and psychological understanding of the role of emotion in social cognition.
Collapse
|
34
|
Acikalin MY, Gorgolewski KJ, Poldrack RA. A Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis of Overlaps in Regional Specialization and Functional Connectivity across Subjective Value and Default Mode Networks. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:1. [PMID: 28154520 PMCID: PMC5243799 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has provided qualitative evidence for overlap in a number of brain regions across the subjective value network (SVN) and the default mode network (DMN). In order to quantitatively assess this overlap, we conducted a series of coordinate-based meta-analyses (CBMA) of results from 466 functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments on task-negative or subjective value-related activations in the human brain. In these analyses, we first identified significant overlaps and dissociations across activation foci related to SVN and DMN. Second, we investigated whether these overlapping subregions also showed similar patterns of functional connectivity, suggesting a shared functional subnetwork. We find considerable overlap between SVN and DMN in subregions of central ventromedial prefrontal cortex (cVMPFC) and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (dPCC). Further, our findings show that similar patterns of bidirectional functional connectivity between cVMPFC and dPCC are present in both networks. We discuss ways in which our understanding of how subjective value (SV) is computed and represented in the brain can be synthesized with what we know about the DMN, mind-wandering, and self-referential processing in light of our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Yavuz Acikalin
- Graduate School of Business, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kuzmanovic B, Jefferson A, Vogeley K. The role of the neural reward circuitry in self-referential optimistic belief updates. Neuroimage 2016; 133:151-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
36
|
What do we know about positive appraisals? Low cognitive cost, orbitofrontal-striatal connectivity, and only short-term bolstering of resilience. Behav Brain Sci 2016; 38:e93. [PMID: 26787104 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x14001447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The PASTOR framework needs to be reconciled with existing research on positive illusions, which finds that positive appraisals of stressors have a short shelf life as a mechanism of resilience, do not draw on costly executive functioning, and rely on neural networks that are distinct from those found in studies of experimentally instructed reappraisal or value.
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
In the present study, we used a valence classification task to investigate the common and distinct neural basis of the two fundamental dimensions of social cognition (agency and communion) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results showed that several brain areas associated with mentalizing, along with the inferior parietal gyrus in the mirror system, showed overlap in response to both agentic and communal words. These findings suggest that both content categories are related to the neural basis of social cognition; further, several areas in the default mode network (DMN) showed similar deactivations between agency and communion, reflecting task-induced deactivation (TID). In terms of distinct activations, the findings indicated greater deactivations for communal than agentic content in the ventral anterior cingulate (vACC) and medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC). Communion also showed greater activation in some visual areas compared to agentic content, including occipital gyrus, lingual gyrus, and fusiform gyrus. These activations may reflect greater allocation of attentional resources to visual areas when processing communal content, or inhibition of cognitive activity irrelevant to task performance. If so, this suggests greater attention and engagement with communion-related content. The present research thus suggests common and differential activations for agency- versus communion-related content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Han
- a Faculty of Psychology , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Chongzeng Bi
- a Faculty of Psychology , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Oscar Ybarra
- b Department of Psychology , the University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Whenever we interact with others, we judge them and whenever we make such judgments, we compare them with ourselves, other people, or internalized standards. Countless social psychological experiments have shown that comparative thinking plays a ubiquitous role in person perception and social cognition as a whole. The topic of social comparison has recently aroused the interest of social neuroscientists, who have begun to investigate its neural underpinnings. The present article provides an overview of these neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies. We discuss recent findings on the consequences of social comparison on the brain processing of outcomes and highlight the role of the brain’s reward system. Moreover, we analyze the relationship between the brain networks involved in social comparisons and those active during other forms of cognitive and perceptual comparison. Finally, we discuss potential future questions that research on the neural correlates of social comparison could address.
Collapse
|
39
|
Ohtani T, Bouix S, Lyall AE, Hosokawa T, Saito Y, Melonakos E, Westin CF, Seidman LJ, Goldstein J, Mesholam-Gately R, Petryshen T, Wojcik J, Kubicki M. Abnormal white matter connections between medial frontal regions predict symptoms in patients with first episode schizophrenia. Cortex 2015; 71:264-76. [PMID: 26277547 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and rostral part of anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) have been suggested to be involved in the neural network of salience and emotional processing, and associated with specific clinical symptoms in schizophrenia. Considering the schizophrenia dysconnectivity hypothesis, the connectivity abnormalities between mOFC and rACC might be associated with clinical characteristics in first episode schizophrenia patients (FESZ). METHODS After parcellating mOFC into the anterior and posterior part, diffusion properties of the mOFC-rACC white matter connections for 21 patients with FESZ and 21 healthy controls (HCs) were examined using stochastic tractography, one of the most effective Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) methods for examining tracts between adjacent gray matter (GM) regions. RESULTS Fractional anisotropy (FA) reductions were observed in bilateral posterior, but not anterior mOFC-rACC connections (left: p < .0001; right: p < .0001) in FESZ compared to HCs. In addition, reduced FA in the left posterior mOFC-rACC connection was associated with more severe anhedonia-asociality (rho = -.633, p = .006) and total score (rho = -.520, p = .032) in the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS); reduced FA in the right posterior mOFC-rACC connection was associated with more severe affective flattening (rho = -.644, p = .005), total score (rho = -.535, p = .027) in SANS, hallucinations (rho = -.551, p = .018), delusions (rho = -.632, p = .005) and total score (rho = -.721, p = .001) in the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) in FESZ. CONCLUSIONS The observed white matter abnormalities within the connections between mOFC and rACC might be associated with the psychopathology of the early stage of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Ohtani
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Safety and Health Organization, Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda E Lyall
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taiga Hosokawa
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Tsuchida Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Saito
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eric Melonakos
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carl-Fredrik Westin
- Surgical Planning Laboratory, MRI Division, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raquelle Mesholam-Gately
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracey Petryshen
- Stanley Center of Psychiatry Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne Wojcik
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kim K, Johnson MK. Distinct neural networks support the mere ownership effect under different motivational contexts. Soc Neurosci 2015; 10:376-90. [PMID: 25575018 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2014.999870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The "mere ownership effect" refers to individuals' tendency to evaluate objects they own more favorably than comparable objects they do not own. There are numerous behavioral demonstrations of the mere ownership effect, but the neural mechanisms underlying the expression of this self-positivity bias during the evaluation of self-associated objects have not been identified. The present study aimed to identify the neurobiological expression of the mere ownership effect and to assess the potential influence of motivational context. During fMRI scanning, participants made evaluations of objects after ownership had been assigned under the presence or absence of self-esteem threat. In the absence of threat, the mere ownership effect was associated with brain regions implicated in processing personal/affective significance and valence (ventromedial prefrontal cortex [vMPFC], ventral anterior cingulate cortex [vACC], and medial orbitofrontal cortex [mOFC]). In contrast, in the presence of threat, the mere ownership effect was associated with brain regions implicated in selective/inhibitory cognitive control processes (inferior frontal gyrus [IFG], middle frontal gyrus [MFG], and lateral orbitofrontal cortex [lOFC]). These findings indicate that depending on motivational context, different neural mechanisms (and thus likely different psychological processes) support the behavioral expression of self-positivity bias directed toward objects that are associated with the self.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmi Kim
- a Department of Psychology , Yale University , New Haven , CT 06520-8205 , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
On the Panculturality of Self-enhancement and Self-protection Motivation. ADVANCES IN MOTIVATION SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adms.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
42
|
Beer JS. Exaggerated Positivity in Self-Evaluation: A Social Neuroscience Approach to Reconciling the Role of Self-esteem Protection and Cognitive Bias. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
43
|
Leitner JB, Hehman E, Jones JM, Forbes CE. Self-enhancement influences medial frontal cortex alpha power to social rejection feedback. J Cogn Neurosci 2014; 26:2330-41. [PMID: 24738770 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Although previous research has demonstrated that individuals are motivated to self-enhance, the neurocognitive mechanisms and temporal dynamics of self-enhancement are poorly understood. The current research examined whether self-enhancing motivations affect the perceptual processing of social feedback. Participants who varied in self-enhancement motivations received accept and reject feedback while EEG was recorded. Following this task, we measured perceptions of feedback by asking participants to estimate the number of times they were rejected. Source localization and time-frequency analyses revealed that alpha power in the medial frontal cortex (MFC) completely mediated the relationship between self-enhancement motivations and rejection estimates. Specifically, greater self-enhancement motivations predicted decreased MFC alpha power to reject compared to accept feedback, which predicted decreased rejection estimates. These findings suggest that self-enhancement motivations decrease perception of social rejection by influencing how the MFC processes social feedback.
Collapse
|
44
|
Korn CW, Fan Y, Zhang K, Wang C, Han S, Heekeren HR. Cultural influences on social feedback processing of character traits. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:192. [PMID: 24772075 PMCID: PMC3983486 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultural differences are generally explained by how people see themselves in relation to social interaction partners. While Western culture emphasizes independence, East Asian culture emphasizes interdependence. Despite this focus on social interactions, it remains elusive how people from different cultures process feedback on their own (and on others') character traits. Here, participants of either German or Chinese origin engaged in a face-to-face interaction. Consequently, they updated their self- and other-ratings of 80 character traits (e.g., polite, pedantic) after receiving feedback from their interaction partners. To exclude potential confounds, we obtained data from German and Chinese participants in Berlin [functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)] and in Beijing (behavior). We tested cultural influences on social conformity, positivity biases, and self-related neural activity. First, Chinese conformed more to social feedback than Germans (i.e., Chinese updated their trait ratings more). Second, regardless of culture, participants processed self- and other-related feedback in a positively biased way (i.e., they updated more toward desirable than toward undesirable feedback). Third, changes in self-related medial prefrontal cortex activity were greater in Germans than in Chinese during feedback processing. By investigating conformity, positivity biases, and self-related activity in relation to feedback obtained in a real-life interaction, we provide an essential step toward a unifying framework for understanding the diversity of human culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph W Korn
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Cluster of Excellence "Languages of Emotion," Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Cluster of Excellence "Languages of Emotion," Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin Berlin, Germany
| | - Chenbo Wang
- Department of Psychology, Peking University Beijing, China
| | - Shihui Han
- Department of Psychology, Peking University Beijing, China
| | - Hauke R Heekeren
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Cluster of Excellence "Languages of Emotion," Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Luo YLL, Cai H, Song H. A behavioral genetic study of intrapersonal and interpersonal dimensions of narcissism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93403. [PMID: 24695616 PMCID: PMC3973692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Narcissism, characterized by grandiose self-image and entitled feelings to others, has been increasingly prevalent in the past decades. This study examined genetic and environmental bases of two dimensions of narcissism: intrapersonal grandiosity and interpersonal entitlement. A total of 304 pairs of twins from Beijing, China completed the Narcissistic Grandiosity Scale and the Psychological Entitlement Scale. Both grandiosity (23%) and entitlement (35%) were found to be moderately heritable, while simultaneously showing considerable non-shared environmental influences. Moreover, the genetic and environmental influences on the two dimensions were mostly unique (92–93%), with few genetic and environmental effects in common (7–8%). The two dimensions of narcissism, intrapersonal grandiosity and interpersonal entitlement, are heritable and largely independent of each other in terms of their genetic and environmental sources. These findings extend our understanding of the heritability of narcissism on the one hand. On the other hand, the study demonstrates the rationale for distinguishing between intrapersonal and interpersonal dimensions of narcissism, and possibly personality in general as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu L. L. Luo
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huajian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hairong Song
- Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bhanji JP, Delgado MR. The social brain and reward: social information processing in the human striatum. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2013; 5:61-73. [PMID: 24436728 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the highly social life of humans, rewards that are sought and experienced are intertwined with social relationships and interactions between people. Just as we value nonsocial rewards such as food or money, we also value social outcomes (e.g., praise from a superior). We use social information to evaluate and form expectations of others and to make decisions involving others. Here we review research demonstrating how the neural circuitry of reward, particularly the striatum, is also involved in processing social information and making decisions in social situations. This research provides an understanding of the neural basis for social behavior from the perspective of how we evaluate social experiences and how our social interactions and decisions are motivated. We review research addressing the common neural systems underlying evaluation of social and nonsocial rewards. The human striatum, known to play a key role in reward processing, displays signals related to a broad spectrum of social functioning, including evaluating social rewards, making decisions influenced by social factors, learning about social others, cooperating, competing, and following social norms. WIREs Cogn Sci 2014, 5:61-73. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1266 Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamil P Bhanji
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Van Overwalle F, Baetens K, Mariën P, Vandekerckhove M. Social cognition and the cerebellum: a meta-analysis of over 350 fMRI studies. Neuroimage 2013; 86:554-72. [PMID: 24076206 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis explores the role of the cerebellum in social cognition. Recent meta-analyses of neuroimaging studies since 2008 demonstrate that the cerebellum is only marginally involved in social cognition and emotionality, with a few meta-analyses pointing to an involvement of at most 54% of the individual studies. In this study, novel meta-analyses of over 350 fMRI studies, dividing up the domain of social cognition in homogeneous subdomains, confirmed this low involvement of the cerebellum in conditions that trigger the mirror network (e.g., when familiar movements of body parts are observed) and the mentalizing network (when no moving body parts or unfamiliar movements are present). There is, however, one set of mentalizing conditions that strongly involve the cerebellum in 50-100% of the individual studies. In particular, when the level of abstraction is high, such as when behaviors are described in terms of traits or permanent characteristics, in terms of groups rather than individuals, in terms of the past (episodic autobiographic memory) or the future rather than the present, or in terms of hypothetical events that may happen. An activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis conducted in this study reveals that the cerebellum is critically implicated in social cognition and that the areas of the cerebellum which are consistently involved in social cognitive processes show extensive overlap with the areas involved in sensorimotor (during mirror and self-judgments tasks) as well as in executive functioning (across all tasks). We discuss the role of the cerebellum in social cognition in general and in higher abstraction mentalizing in particular. We also point out a number of methodological limitations of some available studies on the social brain that hamper the detection of cerebellar activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Van Overwalle
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Kris Baetens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Mariën
- Faculty of Arts, Department of Clinical and Experimental Neurolinguistics, CLIN, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, ZNA Middelheim Hospital, Lindendreef 1, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marie Vandekerckhove
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Flagan T, Beer JS. Three ways in which midline regions contribute to self-evaluation. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:450. [PMID: 23935580 PMCID: PMC3731671 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An integration of existing research and newly conducted psychophysiological interaction (PPI) connectivity analyses suggest a new framework for understanding the contribution of midline regions to social cognition. Recent meta-analyses suggest that there are no midline regions that are exclusively associated with self-processing. Whereas medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) is broadly modulated by self-processing, subdivisions within MPFC are differentially modulated by the evaluation of close others (ventral MPFC: BA 10/32) and the evaluation of other social targets (dorsal MPFC: BA 9/32). The role of DMPFC in social cognition may also be less uniquely social than previously thought; it may be better characterized as a region that indexes certainty about evaluation rather than previously considered social mechanisms (i.e., correction of self-projection). VMPFC, a region often described as an important mediator of socioemotional significance, may instead perform a more cognitive role by reflecting the type of information brought to bear on evaluations of people we know well. Furthermore, the new framework moves beyond MPFC and hypothesizes that two other midline regions, ventral anterior cingulate cortex (VACC: BA 25) and medial orbitofrontal cortex (MOFC: BA 11), aid motivational influences on social cognition. Despite the central role of motivation in psychological models of self-perception, neural models have largely ignored the topic. Positive connectivity between VACC and MOFC may mediate bottom-up sensitivity to information based on its potential for helping us evaluate ourselves or others the way we want. As connectivity becomes more positive with striatum and less positive with middle frontal gyrus (BA 9/44), MOFC mediates top-down motivational influences by adjusting the standards we bring to bear on evaluations of ourselves and other people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taru Flagan
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Beer JS, Chester DS, Hughes BL. Social threat and cognitive load magnify self-enhancement and attenuate self-deprecation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
50
|
Hughes BL, Beer JS. Protecting the Self: The Effect of Social-evaluative Threat on Neural Representations of Self. J Cogn Neurosci 2013; 25:613-22. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
One of the most robust ways that people protect themselves from social-evaluative threat is by emphasizing the desirability of their personal characteristics, yet the neural underpinnings of this fundamental process are unknown. The current fMRI study addresses this question by examining self-evaluations of desirability (in comparison with other people) as a response to threat. Participants judged how much personality traits described themselves in comparison with their average peer. These judgments were preceded by threatening or nonthreatening social-evaluative feedback. Self-evaluations made in response to threat significantly increased activation in a number of regions including the OFC, medial pFC, lateral pFC, amygdala, and insula. Individual differences in the extent to which threat increased desirability were significantly correlated with medial OFC activity. This is the first study to examine the neural associations of a fundamental self-protection strategy: responding to threat by emphasizing the self's desirability. Although neural research has separately examined self-evaluation processes from the regulation of social-evaluative threat, little is known about the interplay between the two. The findings build on this previous research by showing that regions, often associated with self-evaluation, are modulated by the degree to which people respond to threat by emphasizing their own desirability.
Collapse
|