1
|
Tu W, Cramer SR, Zhang N. Disparity in temporal and spatial relationships between resting-state electrophysiological and fMRI signals. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3251741. [PMID: 37645880 PMCID: PMC10462190 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3251741/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Resting-state brain networks (RSNs) have been widely applied in health and disease, but the interpretation of RSNs in terms of the underlying neural activity is unclear. To address this fundamental question, we conducted simultaneous recordings of whole-brain resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) and electrophysiology signals in two separate brain regions of rats. Our data reveal that for both recording sites, spatial maps derived from band-specific local field potential (LFP) power can account for up to 90% of the spatial variability in RSNs derived from rsfMRI signals. Surprisingly, the time series of LFP band power can only explain to a maximum of 35% of the temporal variance of the local rsfMRI time course from the same site. In addition, regressing out time series of LFP power from rsfMRI signals has minimal impact on the spatial patterns of rsfMRI-based RSNs. This disparity in the spatial and temporal relationships between resting-state electrophysiology and rsfMRI signals suggests that electrophysiological activity alone does not fully explain the effects observed in the rsfMRI signal. To reconcile this disparity, we propose a model hypothesizing that a significant component of the rsfMRI signal is driven by neural activities that are not directly captured by electrophysiology, yet are active in neurovascular coupling. These "electrophysiology-invisible" signals exhibit weak temporal correlation with electrophysiology data. However, due to the shared anatomical backbone constraining both types of neural activities, they can produce similar spatial patterns in RSNs in parallel. These findings, along with our proposed model, offer a novel perspective on our understanding of RSN interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Tu
- The Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Samuel R. Cramer
- The Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- The Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
- Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Morelli AE, Sumpter TL, Rojas-Canales DM, Bandyopadhyay M, Chen Z, Tkacheva O, Shufesky WJ, Wallace CT, Watkins SC, Berger A, Paige CJ, Falo LD, Larregina AT. Neurokinin-1 Receptor Signaling Is Required for Efficient Ca 2+ Flux in T-Cell-Receptor-Activated T Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 30:3448-3465.e8. [PMID: 32160549 PMCID: PMC7169378 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient Ca2+ flux induced during cognate T cell activation requires signaling the T cell receptor (TCR) and unidentified G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). T cells express the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), a GPCR that mediates Ca2+ flux in excitable and non-excitable cells. However, the role of the NK1R in TCR signaling remains unknown. We show that the NK1R and its agonists, the neuropeptides substance P and hemokinin-1, co-localize within the immune synapse during cognate activation of T cells. Simultaneous TCR and NK1R stimulation is necessary for efficient Ca2+ flux and Ca2+-dependent signaling that sustains the survival of activated T cells and helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 bias. In a model of contact dermatitis, mice with T cells deficient in NK1R or its agonists exhibit impaired cellular immunity, due to high mortality of activated T cells. We demonstrate an effect of the NK1R in T cells that is relevant for immunotherapies based on pro-inflammatory neuropeptides and its receptors. The neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) induces Ca2+ flux in excitable cells. Here, Morelli et al. show that NK1R signaling in T cells promotes optimal Ca2+ flux triggered by TCR stimulation, which is necessary to sustain T cell survival and the efficient Th1- and Th17-based immunity that is relevant for immunotherapies based on pro-inflammatory neuropeptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian E Morelli
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tina L Sumpter
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Mohna Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhizhao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Transplant Center, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Olga Tkacheva
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William J Shufesky
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Callen T Wallace
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra Berger
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Louis D Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adriana T Larregina
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Echagarruga CT, Gheres KW, Norwood JN, Drew PJ. nNOS-expressing interneurons control basal and behaviorally evoked arterial dilation in somatosensory cortex of mice. eLife 2020; 9:e60533. [PMID: 33016877 PMCID: PMC7556878 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical neural activity is coupled to local arterial diameter and blood flow. However, which neurons control the dynamics of cerebral arteries is not well understood. We dissected the cellular mechanisms controlling the basal diameter and evoked dilation in cortical arteries in awake, head-fixed mice. Locomotion drove robust arterial dilation, increases in gamma band power in the local field potential (LFP), and increases calcium signals in pyramidal and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-expressing neurons. Chemogenetic or pharmocological modulation of overall neural activity up or down caused corresponding increases or decreases in basal arterial diameter. Modulation of pyramidal neuron activity alone had little effect on basal or evoked arterial dilation, despite pronounced changes in the LFP. Modulation of the activity of nNOS-expressing neurons drove changes in the basal and evoked arterial diameter without corresponding changes in population neural activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle W Gheres
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biology Graduate Program, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUnited States
| | - Jordan N Norwood
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUnited States
| | - Patrick J Drew
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUnited States
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biology Graduate Program, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUnited States
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUnited States
- Departments of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Biomedical Engineering, and Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Stark
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Hyehun Choi
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Fred S Lamb
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bi H, Sun Z, Chu Q, Li L, Guan X, Zhou Y, Li Z. Analgesic effects of astilbin partially via calcium channels through regulation on CaMKII. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1580677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Bi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiubo Chu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lanzhou Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gu J, Bao Y, Chen J, Huang C, Zhang X, Jiang R, Liu Q, Liu Y, Xu X, Shi W. The Expression of NP847 and Sox2 after TBI and Its Influence on NSCs. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:282. [PMID: 28066182 PMCID: PMC5177638 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) is important for neural regeneration after cerebral injury. Here, for the first time, we show that phosphorylated (p)-ser847-nNOS (NP847), rather than nNOS, may play a major role in NSC proliferation after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Western blot results demonstrated that the expression of NP847 and Sox2 in the hippocampus is up-regulated after TBI, and they both peak 3 days after brain injury. In addition, an immunofluorescence experiment indicated that NP847 and Sox2 partly co-localize in the nuclei of NSCs after TBI. Further immunoprecipitation experiments found that NP847 and Sox2 can directly interact with each other in NSCs. Moreover, in an OGD model of NSCs, NP847 expression is decreased, which is followed by the down-regulation of Sox2. Interestingly, in this study, we did not observe changes in the expression of nNOS in the OGD model. Further research data suggest that the NP847-Sox2 complex may play a major role in NSCs through the Shh/Gli signaling pathway in a CaMKII-dependent manner after brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Yancheng Third People's HospitalYancheng, China
| | - Yifeng Bao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University Nantong, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong, China
| | - Chuanjun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Wujiang Soochow, China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Nantong University Nantong, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong, China
| | - Yonghua Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University Nantong, China
| | - Xide Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yavorska I, Wehr M. Somatostatin-Expressing Inhibitory Interneurons in Cortical Circuits. Front Neural Circuits 2016; 10:76. [PMID: 27746722 PMCID: PMC5040712 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical inhibitory neurons exhibit remarkable diversity in their morphology, connectivity, and synaptic properties. Here, we review the function of somatostatin-expressing (SOM) inhibitory interneurons, focusing largely on sensory cortex. SOM neurons also comprise a number of subpopulations that can be distinguished by their morphology, input and output connectivity, laminar location, firing properties, and expression of molecular markers. Several of these classes of SOM neurons show unique dynamics and characteristics, such as facilitating synapses, specific axonal projections, intralaminar input, and top-down modulation, which suggest possible computational roles. SOM cells can be differentially modulated by behavioral state depending on their class, sensory system, and behavioral paradigm. The functional effects of such modulation have been studied with optogenetic manipulation of SOM cells, which produces effects on learning and memory, task performance, and the integration of cortical activity. Different classes of SOM cells participate in distinct disinhibitory circuits with different inhibitory partners and in different cortical layers. Through these disinhibitory circuits, SOM cells help encode the behavioral relevance of sensory stimuli by regulating the activity of cortical neurons based on subcortical and intracortical modulatory input. Associative learning leads to long-term changes in the strength of connectivity of SOM cells with other neurons, often influencing the strength of inhibitory input they receive. Thus despite their heterogeneity and variability across cortical areas, current evidence shows that SOM neurons perform unique neural computations, forming not only distinct molecular but also functional subclasses of cortical inhibitory interneurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Wehr
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of OregonEugene, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Sun D, Meng Q, Guo W, Chen Q, Zhang Y. Calcium channels contribute to albiflorin-mediated antinociceptive effects in mouse model. Neurosci Lett 2016; 628:105-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
9
|
Liguz-Lecznar M, Urban-Ciecko J, Kossut M. Somatostatin and Somatostatin-Containing Neurons in Shaping Neuronal Activity and Plasticity. Front Neural Circuits 2016; 10:48. [PMID: 27445703 PMCID: PMC4927943 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery over four decades ago, somatostatin (SOM) receives growing scientific and clinical interest. Being localized in the nervous system in a subset of interneurons somatostatin acts as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator and its role in the fine-tuning of neuronal activity and involvement in synaptic plasticity and memory formation are widely recognized in the recent literature. Combining transgenic animals with electrophysiological, anatomical and molecular methods allowed to characterize several subpopulations of somatostatin-containing interneurons possessing specific anatomical and physiological features engaged in controlling the output of cortical excitatory neurons. Special characteristic and connectivity of somatostatin-containing neurons set them up as significant players in shaping activity and plasticity of the nervous system. However, somatostatin is not just a marker of particular interneuronal subpopulation. Somatostatin itself acts pre- and postsynaptically, modulating excitability and neuronal responses. In the present review, we combine the knowledge regarding somatostatin and somatostatin-containing interneurons, trying to incorporate it into the current view concerning the role of the somatostatinergic system in cortical plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Liguz-Lecznar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Urban-Ciecko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyWarsaw, Poland; Department of Biological Sciences and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Malgorzata Kossut
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyWarsaw, Poland; Department of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities (SWPS)Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kubota Y, Karube F, Nomura M, Kawaguchi Y. The Diversity of Cortical Inhibitory Synapses. Front Neural Circuits 2016; 10:27. [PMID: 27199670 PMCID: PMC4842771 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The most typical and well known inhibitory action in the cortical microcircuit is a strong inhibition on the target neuron by axo-somatic synapses. However, it has become clear that synaptic inhibition in the cortex is much more diverse and complicated. Firstly, at least ten or more inhibitory non-pyramidal cell subtypes engage in diverse inhibitory functions to produce the elaborate activity characteristic of the different cortical states. Each distinct non-pyramidal cell subtype has its own independent inhibitory function. Secondly, the inhibitory synapses innervate different neuronal domains, such as axons, spines, dendrites and soma, and their inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) size is not uniform. Thus, cortical inhibition is highly complex, with a wide variety of anatomical and physiological modes. Moreover, the functional significance of the various inhibitory synapse innervation styles and their unique structural dynamic behaviors differ from those of excitatory synapses. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the inhibitory mechanisms of the cortical microcircuit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kubota
- Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazaki, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)Okazaki, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and TechnologyTokyo, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Karube
- Laboratory of Neural Circuitry, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Nomura
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and TechnologyTokyo, Japan; Department of Mathematics, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kawaguchi
- Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazaki, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)Okazaki, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and TechnologyTokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Intracellular postsynaptic cannabinoid receptors link thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors to TRPC-like channels in thalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons. Neuroscience 2015; 311:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
12
|
De Luca R, Suvorava T, Yang D, Baumgärtel W, Kojda G, Haas HL, Sergeeva OA. Identification of histaminergic neurons through histamine 3 receptor-mediated autoinhibition. Neuropharmacology 2015; 106:102-15. [PMID: 26297536 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Using a reporter mouse model with expression of the tomato fluorescent protein under the dopamine transporter promoter (Tmt-DAT) we discovered a new group of neurons in the histaminergic tuberomamillary nucleus (TMN), which, in contrast to tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons of the dorsomedial arcuate nucleus, do not express tyrosine hydroxylase but can synthesize and store dopamine. Tmt-DAT neurons located within TMN share electrophysiological properties with histaminergic neurons: spontaneous firing at a membrane potential around -50 mV and presence of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels. Histamine (30 μM) depolarizes and excites Tmt-DAT neurons through H1R activation but inhibits histaminergic neurons through H3R activation thus allowing a pharmacological identification of the different neurons. Single-cell RT-PCR revealed that all histaminergic neurons expressing histidine decarboxylase (HDC) also express H3R. This includes neurons retrogradely traced from the striatum whose inhibition by a selective H3R agonist was indistinguishable from the whole population. Prolonged depolarization reduces the autoinhibition. The potency of histamine at H3R depends on membrane potential and on extracellular and intracellular calcium. Autoinhibition can be impaired by preincubation with capsaicin, a ligand of the calcium-permeable TRPV1 channel or by blockade of Ca(2+)-ATPase with thapsigargin. The pharmacology of autoinhibition is revisited and physiological conditions for its functionality are determined. Usage of reporter mouse models for the safe identification of aminergic neurons under pathophysiological conditions is recommended. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Histamine Receptors'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De Luca
- Department of Neurophysiology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Medical Faculty, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Suvorava
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Medical Faculty, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Danqing Yang
- Department of Neurophysiology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Medical Faculty, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Baumgärtel
- Department of Neurophysiology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Medical Faculty, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Georg Kojda
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Medical Faculty, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Helmut L Haas
- Department of Neurophysiology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Medical Faculty, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Olga A Sergeeva
- Department of Neurophysiology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Medical Faculty, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|