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Derntl B, Eber CH, Kogler L, Rehbein E, Sundstöm-Poromaa I, Morawetz C. Estradiol modulates changes in effective connectivity in emotion regulation networks. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 167:107103. [PMID: 38924828 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Hormonal changes in ovarian hormones like estradiol (E2) during the menstrual cycle affect emotional processes, including emotion recognition, memory, and regulation. So far, the neural underpinnings of the effect of E2 on emotional experience have been investigated using task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional connectivity. In the present study, we examined whether the intrinsic network dynamics at rest (i.e., directed effective connectivity) related to emotion regulation are (1) modulated by E2 levels and (2) linked to behavioral emotion regulation ability. Hence, 29 naturally cycling women participated in two resting-state fMRI scans in their early follicular phase after being administered a placebo or an E2 valerate, respectively. Emotion regulation ability was assessed using a standard emotion regulation task in which participants were asked to down-regulate their emotions in response to negative images. The regions of two functionally predefined neural networks related to emotional down-regulation and reactivity were used to investigate effective connectivity at rest using spectral dynamic causal modelling. We found that E2, compared to placebo, resulted in changes in effective connectivity in both networks. In the regulation network, prefrontal regions showed distinct connectivity in the E2 compared to the placebo condition, while mixed results evolved in the emotional reactivity network. Stepwise regressions revealed that in the E2 condition a connection from the parietal to the prefrontal cortex predicted regulation ability. Our results demonstrate that E2 levels influence effective connectivity in networks underlying emotion regulation and emotional reactivity. Thus, E2 and its potential modification via hormonal administration may play a supporting role in the treatment of mental disorders that show a dysregulation of emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Derntl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Women's Mental Health & Brain Function, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner site Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Corinna H Eber
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lydia Kogler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Women's Mental Health & Brain Function, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner site Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elisa Rehbein
- Department of Decision Neuroscience and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Carmen Morawetz
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Cheng S, Qiu X, Mo L, Li S, Xu F, Zhang D. Asynchronous Involvement of VLPFC and DLPFC During Negative Emotion Processing: An Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study. Neuroscience 2024; 551:237-245. [PMID: 38838979 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) have been found to play important roles in negative emotion processing. However, the specific time window of their involvement remains unknown. This study addressed this issue in three experiments using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We found that TMS applied over the VLPFC at 400 ms after negative emotional exposure significantly enhanced negative feelings compared to the vertex condition. Furthermore, TMS applied over the DLPFC at both 0 ms and 600 ms after negative emotional exposure also resulted in deteriorated negative feelings. These findings provide potential evidence for the VLPFC-dependent semantic processing (∼400 ms) and the DLPFC-dependent attentional and cognitive control (∼0/600 ms) in negative emotion processing. The asynchronous involvement of these frontal cortices not only deepens our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying negative emotion processing but also provides valuable temporal parameters for neurostimulation therapy targeting patients with mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Cheng
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China; School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiufu Qiu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Licheng Mo
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Sijin Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Shenzhen Yingchi Technology Co. Ltd, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen 518060, China; Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Lho SK, Kim T, Moon SY, Kim M, Kwon JS. Alteration in left frontoparietal connectivity correlates with impaired cognitive reappraisal in early psychosis. Schizophr Res 2024; 267:130-137. [PMID: 38531160 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired cognitive reappraisal is a notable symptom of early psychosis, but its neurobiological basis remains underexplored. We aimed to identify the underlying neurobiological mechanism of this impairment by using resting-state functional connectivity (FC) analyses focused on brain regions related to cognitive reappraisal. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance images were collected from 36 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, 32 clinical high-risk (CHR) individuals, and 48 healthy controls (HCs). Whole-brain FC maps using seed regions associated with cognitive reappraisal were generated and compared across the FEP, CHR and HC groups. We assessed the correlation between resting-state FC, reappraisal success ratio, positive symptom severity and social functioning controlling for covariates. RESULTS FEP patients showed higher FC between the left superior parietal lobe and left inferior frontal gyrus than HCs. Higher FC between the left superior parietal lobe and left inferior frontal gyrus negatively correlated with the reappraisal success ratio in the FEP group after controlling for covariates. Lower FC correlated with lower positive symptom severity and improved global functioning in the FEP group. CONCLUSIONS Alteration in left frontoparietal connectivity reflects impaired cognitive reappraisal in early psychosis, and such alteration correlates with increased positive symptoms and decreased global functioning. These findings offer a potential path for interventions targeting newly emerging symptoms in the early stages of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Kyungjin Lho
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekwan Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Moon
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Public Health Service, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Bo K, Kraynak TE, Kwon M, Sun M, Gianaros PJ, Wager TD. A systems identification approach using Bayes factors to deconstruct the brain bases of emotion regulation. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:975-987. [PMID: 38519748 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive reappraisal is fundamental to cognitive therapies and everyday emotion regulation. Analyses using Bayes factors and an axiomatic systems identification approach identified four reappraisal-related components encompassing distributed neural activity patterns across two independent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies (n = 182 and n = 176): (1) an anterior prefrontal system selectively involved in cognitive reappraisal; (2) a fronto-parietal-insular system engaged by both reappraisal and emotion generation, demonstrating a general role in appraisal; (3) a largely subcortical system activated during negative emotion generation but unaffected by reappraisal, including amygdala, hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray; and (4) a posterior cortical system of negative emotion-related regions downregulated by reappraisal. These systems covaried with individual differences in reappraisal success and were differentially related to neurotransmitter binding maps, implicating cannabinoid and serotonin systems in reappraisal. These findings challenge 'limbic'-centric models of reappraisal and provide new systems-level targets for assessing and enhancing emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Bo
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Thomas E Kraynak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mijin Kwon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Michael Sun
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Peter J Gianaros
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Tor D Wager
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
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Li S, Cao X, Li Y, Tang Y, Cheng S, Zhang D. Enhancing ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation mitigates social pain and modifies subsequent social attitudes: Insights from TMS and fMRI. Neuroimage 2024; 292:120620. [PMID: 38641257 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Social pain, a multifaceted emotional response triggered by interpersonal rejection or criticism, profoundly impacts mental well-being and social interactions. While prior research has implicated the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) in mitigating social pain, the precise neural mechanisms and downstream effects on subsequent social attitudes remain elusive. This study employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) integrated with fMRI recordings during a social pain task to elucidate these aspects. Eighty participants underwent either active TMS targeting the rVLPFC (n = 41) or control stimulation at the vertex (n = 39). Our results revealed that TMS-induced rVLPFC facilitation significantly reduced self-reported social pain, confirming the causal role of the rVLPFC in social pain relief. Functional connectivity analyses demonstrated enhanced interactions between the rVLPFC and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, emphasizing the collaborative engagement of prefrontal regions in emotion regulation. Significantly, we observed that negative social feedback led to negative social attitudes, whereas rVLPFC activation countered this detrimental effect, showcasing the potential of the rVLPFC as a protective buffer against adverse social interactions. Moreover, our study uncovered the impact role of the hippocampus in subsequent social attitudes, a relationship particularly pronounced during excitatory TMS over the rVLPFC. These findings offer promising avenues for improving mental health within the intricate dynamics of social interactions. By advancing our comprehension of the neural mechanisms underlying social pain relief, this research introduces novel intervention strategies for individuals grappling with social distress. Empowering individuals to modulate rVLPFC activation may facilitate reshaping social attitudes and successful reintegration into communal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Li
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China; School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xueying Cao
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yuyao Tang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Si Cheng
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen 518055, China; Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Watve A, Haugg A, Frei N, Koush Y, Willinger D, Bruehl AB, Stämpfli P, Scharnowski F, Sladky R. Facing emotions: real-time fMRI-based neurofeedback using dynamic emotional faces to modulate amygdala activity. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1286665. [PMID: 38274498 PMCID: PMC10808718 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1286665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maladaptive functioning of the amygdala has been associated with impaired emotion regulation in affective disorders. Recent advances in real-time fMRI neurofeedback have successfully demonstrated the modulation of amygdala activity in healthy and psychiatric populations. In contrast to an abstract feedback representation applied in standard neurofeedback designs, we proposed a novel neurofeedback paradigm using naturalistic stimuli like human emotional faces as the feedback display where change in the facial expression intensity (from neutral to happy or from fearful to neutral) was coupled with the participant's ongoing bilateral amygdala activity. Methods The feasibility of this experimental approach was tested on 64 healthy participants who completed a single training session with four neurofeedback runs. Participants were assigned to one of the four experimental groups (n = 16 per group), i.e., happy-up, happy-down, fear-up, fear-down. Depending on the group assignment, they were either instructed to "try to make the face happier" by upregulating (happy-up) or downregulating (happy-down) the amygdala or to "try to make the face less fearful" by upregulating (fear-up) or downregulating (fear-down) the amygdala feedback signal. Results Linear mixed effect analyses revealed significant amygdala activity changes in the fear condition, specifically in the fear-down group with significant amygdala downregulation in the last two neurofeedback runs as compared to the first run. The happy-up and happy-down groups did not show significant amygdala activity changes over four runs. We did not observe significant improvement in the questionnaire scores and subsequent behavior. Furthermore, task-dependent effective connectivity changes between the amygdala, fusiform face area (FFA), and the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) were examined using dynamic causal modeling. The effective connectivity between FFA and the amygdala was significantly increased in the happy-up group (facilitatory effect) and decreased in the fear-down group. Notably, the amygdala was downregulated through an inhibitory mechanism mediated by mOFC during the first training run. Discussion In this feasibility study, we intended to address key neurofeedback processes like naturalistic facial stimuli, participant engagement in the task, bidirectional regulation, task congruence, and their influence on learning success. It demonstrated that such a versatile emotional face feedback paradigm can be tailored to target biased emotion processing in affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Watve
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Amelie Haugg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nada Frei
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yury Koush
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - David Willinger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Division of Psychodynamics, Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Lower Austria, Austria
- Neuroscience Center Zürich, University of Zürich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Beatrix Bruehl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Stämpfli
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Scharnowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zürich, University of Zürich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ronald Sladky
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kung PH, Davey CG, Harrison BJ, Jamieson AJ, Felmingham KL, Steward T. Frontoamygdalar Effective Connectivity in Youth Depression and Treatment Response. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:959-968. [PMID: 37348804 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion regulation deficits are characteristic of youth depression and are underpinned by altered frontoamygdalar function. However, the causal dynamics of frontoamygdalar pathways in depression and how these dynamics relate to treatment prognosis remain unexplored. This study aimed to assess frontoamygdalar effective connectivity during cognitive reappraisal in youths with depression and to test whether pathway dynamics are predictive of individual response to combined cognitive behavioral therapy plus treatment with fluoxetine or placebo. METHODS One hundred seven young people with moderate to severe depression and 94 healthy control participants completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging cognitive reappraisal task. After the task, 87 participants with depression were randomized and received 12 weeks of cognitive behavioral therapy plus either fluoxetine or placebo. Dynamic causal modeling was used to map frontoamygdalar effective connectivity during reappraisal and to assess the predictive capacity of baseline frontoamygdalar effective connectivity on depression diagnosis and posttreatment depression remission. RESULTS Young people with depression showed weaker inhibitory modulation of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex to amygdala connectivity during reappraisal (0.29 Hz, posterior probability = 1.00). Leave-one-out cross-validation demonstrated that this effect was sufficiently large to predict individual diagnostic status (r = 0.20, p = .003). Posttreatment depression remission was associated with weaker excitatory ventromedial prefrontal cortex to amygdala connectivity (-0.56 Hz, posterior probability = 1.00) during reappraisal at baseline, though this effect did not predict individual remission status (r = -0.02, p = .561). CONCLUSIONS Frontoamygdalar effective connectivity shows promise in identifying youth depression diagnosis, and circuits responsible for negative affect regulation are implicated in responsiveness to first-line depression treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Kung
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher G Davey
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Ben J Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alec J Jamieson
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim L Felmingham
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Trevor Steward
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Amaoui S, Marín-Morales A, Martín-Pérez C, Pérez-García M, Verdejo-Román J, Morawetz C. Intrinsic neural network dynamics underlying the ability to down-regulate emotions in male perpetrators of intimate partner violence against women. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:2025-2040. [PMID: 37689595 PMCID: PMC10587320 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Research has pointed to difficulties in emotion regulation as a risk factor for perpetrating intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW). While efforts have been made to understand the brain mechanisms underlying emotion regulation strategies such as reappraisal, little is known about the intrinsic neural dynamics supporting this strategy in male perpetrators. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to characterise the network dynamics underlying reappraisal. Spectral dynamic causal modelling was performed to examine the effective connectivity (EC) within a predefined reappraisal-related brain network. 26 men convicted for an IPVAW crime [male perpetrators] were compared to 29 men convicted of other crimes [other offenders] and 29 men with no criminal records [non-offenders]. The ability to down-regulate emotions in response to IPVAW stimuli was used as a covariate to explore its association with male perpetrators' EC. The analysis revealed that (1) compared to non-offenders, both convicted groups exhibited increased EC within prefrontal areas, enhanced EC from prefrontal to temporoparietal regions and decreased EC in the opposite direction; (2) male perpetrators compared to other offenders showed increased EC from temporoparietal to prefrontal regions and, increased EC from the supplementary motor area to frontal areas; (3) connections involving dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were found to be potential predictors of the ability to down-regulate emotions. The study provides a deeper characterisation of the brain architecture of the processes that underlie IPVAW. This knowledge could inform the work of adaptive emotion regulation strategies in intervention programmes for male perpetrators in order to reduce the high recidivism rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Amaoui
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation & Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Agar Marín-Morales
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation & Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Martín-Pérez
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus María Zambrano. Plaza de la Universidad 1, 40005, Segovia, Spain.
| | - Miguel Pérez-García
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation & Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Verdejo-Román
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation & Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Morawetz
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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van Kleef RS, Müller A, van Velzen LS, Marie Bas-Hoogendam J, van der Wee NJA, Schmaal L, Veltman DJ, Rive MM, Ruhé HG, Marsman JBC, van Tol MJ. Functional MRI correlates of emotion regulation in major depressive disorder related to depressive disease load measured over nine years. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 40:103535. [PMID: 37984226 PMCID: PMC10696117 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) often is a recurrent and chronic disorder. We investigated the neurocognitive underpinnings of the incremental risk for poor disease course by exploring relations between enduring depression and brain functioning during regulation of negative and positive emotions using cognitive reappraisal. We used fMRI-data from the longitudinal Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety acquired during an emotion regulation task in 77 individuals with MDD. Task-related brain activity was related to disease load, calculated from presence and severity of depression in the preceding nine years. Additionally, we explored task related brain-connectivity. Brain functioning in individuals with MDD was further compared to 35 controls to explore overlap between load-effects and general effects related to MDD history/presence. Disease load was not associated with changes in affect or with brain activity, but with connectivity between areas essential for processing, integrating and regulating emotional information during downregulation of negative emotions. Results did not overlap with general MDD-effects. Instead, MDD was generally associated with lower parietal activity during downregulation of negative emotions. During upregulation of positive emotions, disease load was related to connectivity between limbic regions (although driven by symptomatic state), and connectivity between frontal, insular and thalamic regions was lower in MDD (vs controls). Results suggest that previous depressive load relates to brain connectivity in relevant networks during downregulation of negative emotions. These abnormalities do not overlap with disease-general abnormalities and could foster an incremental vulnerability to recurrence or chronicity of MDD. Therefore, optimizing emotion regulation is a promising therapeutic target for improving long-term MDD course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozemarijn S van Kleef
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Amke Müller
- Department of Psychology, Helmut Schmidt University / University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura S van Velzen
- Orygen Parkville, VIC, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Janna Marie Bas-Hoogendam
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen Parkville, VIC, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location VUMC & Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria M Rive
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Triversum, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, GGZ Noord-Holland Noord, Hoorn, the Netherlands
| | - Henricus G Ruhé
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Bernard C Marsman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-José van Tol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Jiang J, Ferguson MA, Grafman J, Cohen AL, Fox MD. A Lesion-Derived Brain Network for Emotion Regulation. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:640-649. [PMID: 36796601 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion regulation has been linked to specific brain networks based on functional neuroimaging, but networks causally involved in emotion regulation remain unknown. METHODS We studied patients with focal brain damage (N = 167) who completed the managing emotion subscale of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test, a measure of emotion regulation. First, we tested whether patients with lesions to an a priori network derived from functional neuroimaging showed impaired emotion regulation. Next, we leveraged lesion network mapping to derive a de novo brain network for emotion regulation. Finally, we used an independent lesion database (N = 629) to test whether damage to this lesion-derived network would increase the risk of neuropsychiatric conditions associated with emotion regulation impairment. RESULTS First, patients with lesions intersecting the a priori emotion regulation network derived from functional neuroimaging showed impairments in the managing emotion subscale of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test. Next, our de novo brain network for emotion regulation derived from lesion data was defined by functional connectivity to the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Finally, in the independent database, lesions associated with mania, criminality, and depression intersected this de novo brain network more than lesions associated with other disorders. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that emotion regulation maps to a connected brain network centered on the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Lesion damage to part of this network is associated with reported difficulties in managing emotions and is related to increased likelihood of having one of several neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Michael A Ferguson
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for the Study of World Religions, Harvard Divinity School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Shirley Ryan Ability Laboratory, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexander L Cohen
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael D Fox
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Lee Y, Seo Y, Lee Y, Lee D. Dimensional emotions are represented by distinct topographical brain networks. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100408. [PMID: 37663040 PMCID: PMC10472247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to recognize others' facial emotions has become increasingly important after the COVID-19 pandemic, which causes stressful situations in emotion regulation. Considering the importance of emotion in maintaining a social life, emotion knowledge to perceive and label emotions of oneself and others requires an understanding of affective dimensions, such as emotional valence and emotional arousal. However, limited information is available about whether the behavioral representation of affective dimensions is similar to their neural representation. To explore the relationship between the brain and behavior in the representational geometries of affective dimensions, we constructed a behavioral paradigm in which emotional faces were categorized into geometric spaces along the valence, arousal, and valence and arousal dimensions. Moreover, we compared such representations to neural representations of the faces acquired by functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found that affective dimensions were similarly represented in the behavior and brain. Specifically, behavioral and neural representations of valence were less similar to those of arousal. We also found that valence was represented in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, frontal eye fields, precuneus, and early visual cortex, whereas arousal was represented in the cingulate gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, fusiform gyrus, and early visual cortex. In conclusion, the current study suggests that dimensional emotions are similarly represented in the behavior and brain and are presented with differential topographical organizations in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Youngju Lee
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongha Lee
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
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12
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Mo L, Li S, Cheng S, Li Y, Xu F, Zhang D. Emotion regulation of social pain: double dissociation of lateral prefrontal cortices supporting reappraisal and distraction. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:nsad043. [PMID: 37676260 PMCID: PMC10484058 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) are both crucial regions involved in voluntary emotion regulation. However, it remains unclear whether the two regions show functional specificity for reappraisal and distraction. This study employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to explore, in a real social interactive scenario, whether different lateral prefrontal regions play relatively specific roles in downregulating social pain via reappraisal and distraction. Participants initially took part in a social interactive game, followed by receiving either active (the DLPFC- or VLPFC-activated group, n = 100 per group) or control (the vertex-activated group, n = 100) TMS session. They were then instructed to use both distraction and reappraisal strategies to downregulate any negative emotions evoked by the social evaluation given by their peers who interacted with them previously. Results demonstrated that the TMS-activated DLPFC has a greater beneficial effect during distraction, whereas the activated VLPFC has a greater beneficial effect during reappraisal. This result investigated the direct experience of social pain and extended previous findings on empathy-related responses to affective pictures while also controlling for confounding factors such as empathic concern. Therefore, we are now confident in the double dissociation proposal of the DLPFC and VLPFC in distraction and reappraisal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Mo
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Sijin Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Si Cheng
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Shenzhen Yingchi Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
- China Center for Behavioral Economics and Finance, School of Economics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen 518060, China
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13
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Maturana‐Quijada P, Steward T, Vilarrasa N, Miranda‐Olivos R, Jiménez‐Murcia S, Carey HJ, Fernández‐Formoso J, Guerrero‐Perez F, Sánchez I, Custal N, Virgili N, Lopez‐Urdiales R, Soriano‐Mas C, Fernandez‐Aranda F. Dynamic fronto-amygdalar interactions underlying emotion-regulation deficits in women at higher weight. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2283-2293. [PMID: 37545191 PMCID: PMC10946850 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The regulation of negative emotions entails the modulation of subcortical regions, such as the amygdala, by prefrontal regions. There is preliminary evidence suggesting that individuals at higher weight may present with hypoactivity in prefrontal regulatory systems during emotional regulation, although the directionality of these pathways has not been tested. In this study, we compared fronto-amygdalar effective connectivity during cognitive reappraisal as a function of BMI in 48 adult women with obesity and 54 control participants. METHODS Dynamic causal modeling and parametric empirical Bayes were used to map effective connectivity between the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the amygdala. RESULTS Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale scores were higher in the obesity group compared with control participants (p < 0.001). A top-down cortical model best explained our functional magnetic resonance imaging data (posterior probability = 86%). Participants at higher BMI were less effective at inhibiting activity in the amygdala via the orbitofrontal cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex during reappraisal compared with those at lower BMI. In contrast, increased excitatory modulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-to-amygdalar connectivity was found in participants at lower BMI. CONCLUSIONS These findings support a framework involving alterations in fronto-amygdalar connectivity contributing to difficulties in regulating negative affect in individuals at higher weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Maturana‐Quijada
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience ProgramInstitut d’ Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Nuria Vilarrasa
- Department of Endocrinology and NutritionBellvitge University Hospital–IDIBELLBarcelonaSpain
- CIBER Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
| | - Romina Miranda‐Olivos
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience ProgramInstitut d' Investigacio Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Susana Jiménez‐Murcia
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience ProgramInstitut d' Investigacio Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Clinical Psychology UnitBellvitge University Hospital‐IDIBELLBarcelonaSpain
| | - Holly J. Carey
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Fernando Guerrero‐Perez
- Department of Endocrinology and NutritionBellvitge University Hospital–IDIBELLBarcelonaSpain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience ProgramInstitut d' Investigacio Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
- Clinical Psychology UnitBellvitge University Hospital‐IDIBELLBarcelonaSpain
| | - Nuria Custal
- Clinical Psychology UnitBellvitge University Hospital‐IDIBELLBarcelonaSpain
| | - Nuria Virgili
- Department of Endocrinology and NutritionBellvitge University Hospital–IDIBELLBarcelonaSpain
- CIBER Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
| | - Rafael Lopez‐Urdiales
- Department of Endocrinology and NutritionBellvitge University Hospital–IDIBELLBarcelonaSpain
| | - Carles Soriano‐Mas
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience ProgramInstitut d’ Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
- Ciber Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)Instituto Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, School of PsychologyUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Fernando Fernandez‐Aranda
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience ProgramInstitut d' Investigacio Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Clinical Psychology UnitBellvitge University Hospital‐IDIBELLBarcelonaSpain
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14
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He Z, Li S, Mo L, Zheng Z, Li Y, Li H, Zhang D. The VLPFC-Engaged Voluntary Emotion Regulation: Combined TMS-fMRI Evidence for the Neural Circuit of Cognitive Reappraisal. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6046-6060. [PMID: 37507228 PMCID: PMC10451149 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1337-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A clear understanding of the neural circuit underlying emotion regulation (ER) is important for both basic and translational research. However, a lack of evidence based on combined neuroimaging and neuromodulation techniques calls into question (1) whether the change of prefrontal-subcortical activity intrinsically and causally contributes to the ER effect; and (2) whether the prefrontal control system directly modulates the subcortical affective system. Accordingly, we combined fMRI recordings with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to map the causal connections between the PFC and subcortical affective structures (amygdala and insula). A total of 117 human adult participants (57 males and 60 females) were included in the study. The results revealed that TMS-induced ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC) facilitation led to enhanced activity in the VLPFC and ventromedial PFC (VMPFC) as well as attenuated activity in the amygdala and insula during reappraisal but not during nonreappraisal (i.e., baseline). Moreover, the activated VLPFC intensified the prefrontal-subcortical couplings via the VMPFC during reappraisal only. This study provides combined TMS-fMRI evidence that downregulating negative emotion involves the prefrontal control system suppressing the subcortical affective system, with the VMPFC serving as a crucial hub within the VLPFC-subcortical network, suggesting an indirect pathway model of the ER circuit. Our findings outline potential protocols for improving ER ability by intensifying the VLPFC-VMPFC coupling in patients with mood and anxiety disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Using fMRI to examine the TMS effect, we uncovered that the opposite neural changes in prefrontal (enhanced) and subcortical (attenuated) regions are not a byproduct of emotion regulation (ER); instead, this prefrontal-subcortical activity per se causally contributes to the ER effect. Furthermore, using TMS to amplify the neural changes within the ER circuit, the "bridge" role of the VMPFC is highlighted under the reappraisal versus nonreappraisal contrast. This "perturb-and-measure" approach overcomes the correlational nature of fMRI data, helping us to identify brain regions that causally support reappraisal (the VLPFC and VMPFC) and those that are modulated by reappraisal (the amygdala and insula). The uncovered ER circuit is important for understanding the neural systems underlying reappraisal and valuable for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong He
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Sijin Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Licheng Mo
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zixin Zheng
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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15
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Monachesi B, Grecucci A, Ahmadi Ghomroudi P, Messina I. Comparing reappraisal and acceptance strategies to understand the neural architecture of emotion regulation: a meta-analytic approach. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1187092. [PMID: 37546477 PMCID: PMC10403290 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1187092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the emotion regulation literature, the amount of neuroimaging studies on cognitive reappraisal led the impression that the same top-down, control-related neural mechanisms characterize all emotion regulation strategies. However, top-down processes may coexist with more bottom-up and emotion-focused processes that partially bypass the recruitment of executive functions. A case in point is acceptance-based strategies. Method To better understand neural commonalities and differences behind different emotion regulation processes, in the present study, we applied the Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) method to perform a meta-analysis on fMRI studies investigating task-related activity of reappraisal and acceptance. Both increased and decreased brain activity was taken into account in the contrast and conjunction analysis between the two strategies. Results Results showed increased activity in left-inferior frontal gyrus and insula for both strategies, and decreased activity in the basal ganglia for reappraisal, and decreased activity in limbic regions for acceptance. Discussion These findings are discussed in the context of a model of common and specific neural mechanisms of emotion regulation that support and expand the previous dual-routes models. We suggest that emotion regulation may rely on a core inhibitory circuit, and on strategy-specific top-down and bottom-up processes distinct for different strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Monachesi
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences—DiPSCo, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Alessandro Grecucci
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences—DiPSCo, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
- Center for Medical Sciences—CISMed, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Parisa Ahmadi Ghomroudi
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences—DiPSCo, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
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16
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Yang M, Chen B, Zhou H, Mai N, Zhang M, Wu Z, Peng Q, Wang Q, Liu M, Zhang S, Lin G, Lao J, Zeng Y, Zhong X, Ning Y. Relationships Among Short Self-Reported Sleep Duration, Cognitive Impairment, and Insular Functional Connectivity in Late-Life Depression. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD220968. [PMID: 37182865 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both late-life depression (LLD) and short sleep duration increase the risk of cognitive impairment. Increased insular resting-state functional connectivity (FC) has been reported in individuals with short sleep duration and dementia. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether short sleep duration is associated with impaired cognition and higher insular FC in patients with LLD. METHODS This case- control study recruited 186 patients with LLD and 83 normal controls (NC), and comprehensive psychometric assessments, sleep duration reports and resting-state functional MRI scans (81 LLD patients and 54 NC) were conducted. RESULTS Patients with LLD and short sleep duration (LLD-SS patients) exhibited more severe depressive symptoms and worse cognitive function than those with normal sleep duration (LLD-NS patients) and NC. LLD-SS patients exhibited higher FC between the bilateral insula and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) pars triangularis than LLD-NS patients and NC, while LLD-NS patients exhibited lower FC than NC. Increased insular FC was correlated with short sleep duration, severe depressive symptoms, and slower information processing speeds. Furthermore, an additive effect was found between sleep duration and LLD on global cognition and insular FC. CONCLUSION LLD-SS patients exhibited impaired cognition and increased insular FC. Abnormal FC in LLD-SS patients may be a therapeutic target for neuromodulation to improve sleep and cognitive performance and thus decrease the risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Yang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- The first School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ben Chen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huarong Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Naikeng Mai
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhangying Wu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gaohong Lin
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingyi Lao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yijie Zeng
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhong
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- The first School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Ghomroudi PA, Scaltritti M, Grecucci A. Decoding reappraisal and suppression from neural circuits: A combined supervised and unsupervised machine learning approach. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023:10.3758/s13415-023-01076-6. [PMID: 36977965 PMCID: PMC10400700 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Emotion regulation is a core construct of mental health and deficits in emotion regulation abilities lead to psychological disorders. Reappraisal and suppression are two widely studied emotion regulation strategies but, possibly due to methodological limitations in previous studies, a consistent picture of the neural correlates related to the individual differences in their habitual use remains elusive. To address these issues, the present study applied a combination of unsupervised and supervised machine learning algorithms to the structural MRI scans of 128 individuals. First, unsupervised machine learning was used to separate the brain into naturally grouping grey matter circuits. Then, supervised machine learning was applied to predict individual differences in the use of different strategies of emotion regulation. Two predictive models, including structural brain features and psychological ones, were tested. Results showed that a temporo-parahippocampal-orbitofrontal network successfully predicted the individual differences in the use of reappraisal. Differently, insular and fronto-temporo-cerebellar networks successfully predicted suppression. In both predictive models, anxiety, the opposite strategy, and specific emotional intelligence factors played a role in predicting the use of reappraisal and suppression. This work provides new insights regarding the decoding of individual differences from structural features and other psychologically relevant variables while extending previous observations on the neural bases of emotion regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Ahmadi Ghomroudi
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences - DiPSCo, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
| | - Michele Scaltritti
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences - DiPSCo, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Alessandro Grecucci
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences - DiPSCo, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
- Center for Medical Sciences - CISMed, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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18
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Chen L, Oei TP, Zhou R. The cognitive control mechanism of improving emotion regulation: A high-definition tDCS and ERP study. J Affect Disord 2023; 332:19-28. [PMID: 36958485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reappraisal as a commonly used emotion regulation strategy includes reinterpretation and detachment and is associated with the activity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). However, the neuroenhancement mechanisms of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over DLPFC that modulate cognitive reappraisal are not yet fully understood. This work aims to verify the causal role of DLPFC in different tactics of cognitive reappraisal and further explore the cognitive control mechanisms of emotion regulation. METHODS A single-blind, within-subjects, sham-controlled design was adopted. Twenty-nine healthy subjects underwent two sessions of offline high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) that were targeted at the right DLPFC. Participants completed the cognitive control (Flanker) and cognitive reappraisal task in each session. We quantified the efficacy of cognitive control using N2 and P3 of the evoked brain responses and cognitive reappraisal using the late positivity potential (LPP). RESULTS Anodal HD-tDCS resulted in the decrease of LPP for reinterpretation and detachment. The cognitive control increased after stimulation, indicated by the increase of P3 and decrease of N2 amplitude. The increased cognitive control mediated the effect of HD-tDCS on modulating reinterpretation, but not for detachment. LIMITATIONS The single-blind design, absence of the lasting-effects measure, and the intrinsically limited focality of tDCS are limitations of this study. CONCLUSIONS Increasing the activity of DLPFC would facilitate emotion regulation and increase cognitive control. Cognitive control may be a significant potential mechanism for reinterpretation. Both tDCS and cognitive control interventions may be possible approaches to enhance emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; School of Education, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Qld, Australia
| | - Tian Po Oei
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence Production Technology and Systems, Beijing 100803, China.
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19
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Caballero C, Nook EC, Gee DG. Managing fear and anxiety in development: A framework for understanding the neurodevelopment of emotion regulation capacity and tendency. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 145:105002. [PMID: 36529313 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.105002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
How we manage emotional responses to environmental threats is central to mental health, as difficulties regulating threat-related distress can blossom into symptoms of anxiety disorders. Given that anxiety disorders emerge early in the lifespan, it is crucial we understand the multi-level processes that support effective regulation of distress. Scholars have given increased attention to behavioral and neural development of emotion regulation abilities, particularly cognitive reappraisal capacity (i.e., how strongly one can down-regulate negative affect by reinterpreting a situation to change one's emotions). However, this work has not been well integrated with research on regulatory tendency (i.e., how often one spontaneously regulates emotion in daily life). Here, we review research on the development of both emotion regulation capacity and tendency. We then propose a framework for testing hypotheses and eventually constructing a neurodevelopmental model of both dimensions of emotion regulation. Clarifying how the brain supports both effective and frequent regulation of threat-related distress across development is crucial to identifying multi-level signs of dysregulation and developing interventions that support youth mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Caballero
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Kirtland Hall, 2 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Erik C Nook
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Kirtland Hall, 2 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Dylan G Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Kirtland Hall, 2 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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20
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Pugh ZH, Huang J, Leshin J, Lindquist KA, Nam CS. Culture and gender modulate dlPFC integration in the emotional brain: evidence from dynamic causal modeling. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:153-168. [PMID: 36704624 PMCID: PMC9871122 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09805-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Past research has recognized culture and gender variation in the experience of emotion, yet this has not been examined on a level of effective connectivity. To determine culture and gender differences in effective connectivity during emotional experiences, we applied dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to electroencephalography (EEG) measures of brain activity obtained from Chinese and American participants while they watched emotion-evoking images. Relative to US participants, Chinese participants favored a model bearing a more integrated dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) during fear v. neutral experiences. Meanwhile, relative to males, females favored a model bearing a less integrated dlPFC during fear v. neutral experiences. A culture-gender interaction for winning models was also observed; only US participants showed an effect of gender, with US females favoring a model bearing a less integrated dlPFC compared to the other groups. These findings suggest that emotion and its neural correlates depend in part on the cultural background and gender of an individual. To our knowledge, this is also the first study to apply both DCM and EEG measures in examining culture-gender interaction and emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary H. Pugh
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Jiali Huang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Joseph Leshin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapell Hill, NC USA
| | - Kristen A. Lindquist
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapell Hill, NC USA
| | - Chang S. Nam
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
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21
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Hu W, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Zhang L, Li L, Huang G, Liang Z. EEG microstate correlates of emotion dynamics and stimulation content during video watching. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:523-542. [PMID: 35262653 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION EEG microstates have been widely adopted to understand the complex and dynamic-changing process in dynamic brain systems, but how microstates are temporally modulated by emotion dynamics is still unclear. An investigation of EEG microstates under video-evoking emotion dynamics modulation would provide a novel insight into the understanding of temporal dynamics of functional brain networks. METHODS In the present study, we postulate that emotional states dynamically modulate the microstate patterns, and perform an in-depth investigation between EEG microstates and emotion dynamics under a video-watching task. By mapping from subjective-experienced emotion states and objective-presented stimulation content to EEG microstates, we gauge the comprehensive associations among microstates, emotions, and multimedia stimulation. RESULTS The results show that emotion dynamics could be well revealed by four EEG microstates (MS1, MS2, MS3, and MS4), where MS3 and MS4 are found to be highly correlated to different emotion states (emotion task effect and level effect) and the affective information involved in the multimedia content (visual and audio). CONCLUSION In this work, we reveal the microstate patterns related to emotion dynamics from sensory and stimulation dimensions, which deepens the understanding of the neural representation under emotion dynamics modulation and will be beneficial for the future study of brain dynamic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanrou Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Huilin Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Linling Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Gan Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen 518060, China
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22
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Offline rTMS inhibition of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex impairs reappraisal efficacy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21394. [PMID: 36496506 PMCID: PMC9741580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we verified the causal role of the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in emotional regulation using a strategy of reappraisal, which involves intentionally changing the meaning of an affective event to reduce its emotional impact. Healthy participants (n = 26; mean age = 25.4) underwent three sessions of inhibitory continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) applied on three different days over the left or right DLPFC, or the vertex. After applying the stimulation protocol participants were presented with neutral and negative pictorial stimuli that had to be either passively watched or reappraised. The efficacy of emotional control was quantified using the Late Positive Potential (LPP), the neural marker of motivated attention and elaborated stimulus processing. The results showed that reappraisal was compromised after inhibitory stimulation of the right DLPFC compared to the vertex. This impairment of affective modulation was reflected in both early (350-750 ms) and late (750-1500 ms) time windows. As no session differences during the passive watching conditions were found, the decrease in reappraisal efficacy due to non-specific changes in basic perceptual processing was considered unlikely. Instead, we suggest that inhibition of the right DLPFC primarily affects the top-down mechanism of attentional deployment. This results in disturbances of attentional processes that are necessary to thoroughly elaborate the content of affective stimuli to enable their new, less negative interpretation.
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23
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Picó-Pérez M, Barbosa R, Couto B, Castro I, Magalhães R, Sousa N, Ferreira S, Morgado P. Altered frontoparietal connectivity in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder during an fMRI cognitive reappraisal task. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114874. [PMID: 36206590 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) present increased brain activity in orbitofrontal and limbic regions when experiencing negative emotions, which could be related to deficits in emotion regulation abilities. 30 OCD patients and 29 healthy controls (HC) performed a cognitive reappraisal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task and completed emotion regulation and OCD symptomatology questionnaires. Besides task activation, connectivity was also compared between groups through psychophysiological interaction analysis (PPI), using regions previously reported to be hyperactive in OCD as seeds. Finally, brain-behavior correlations were performed between activation/connectivity strength in group differential regions and the questionnaires' scores, as well as the emotional ratings reported during the task. Behaviorally, patients with OCD were less successful than controls at lowering the emotional impact of negative images. At the brain level, there were no significant between-group differences in brain activation. Contrarily, PPI analyses showed that HC had increased frontoparietal connectivity when experiencing negative emotions in comparison to OCD patients, while this pattern was reversed when regulating emotions (increased connectivity in patients). Finally, frontoparietal connectivity was correlated with measures of emotion regulation success and OCD symptomatology. Our findings point towards frontoparietal altered connectivity as a potential compensatory mechanism during emotion regulation in OCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Picó-Pérez
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Renato Barbosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Couto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Inês Castro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Magalhães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sónia Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Morgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
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24
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Shared brain and genetic architectures between mental health and physical activity. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:428. [PMID: 36192376 PMCID: PMC9530213 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02172-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is correlated with, and effectively treats various forms of psychopathology. However, whether biological correlates of physical activity and psychopathology are shared remains unclear. Here, we examined the extent to which the neural and genetic architecture of physical activity and mental health are shared. Using data from the UK Biobank (N = 6389), we applied canonical correlation analysis to estimate associations between the amplitude and connectivity strength of subnetworks of three major neurocognitive networks (default mode, DMN; salience, SN; central executive networks, CEN) with accelerometer-derived measures of physical activity and self-reported mental health measures (primarily of depression, anxiety disorders, neuroticism, subjective well-being, and risk-taking behaviors). We estimated the genetic correlation between mental health and physical activity measures, as well as putative causal relationships by applying linkage disequilibrium score regression, genomic structural equational modeling, and latent causal variable analysis to genome-wide association summary statistics (GWAS N = 91,105-500,199). Physical activity and mental health were associated with connectivity strength and amplitude of the DMN, SN, and CEN (r's ≥ 0.12, p's < 0.048). These neural correlates exhibited highly similar loading patterns across mental health and physical activity models even when accounting for their shared variance. This suggests a largely shared brain network architecture between mental health and physical activity. Mental health and physical activity (including sleep) were also genetically correlated (|rg| = 0.085-0.121), but we found no evidence for causal relationships between them. Collectively, our findings provide empirical evidence that mental health and physical activity have shared brain and genetic architectures and suggest potential candidate subnetworks for future studies on brain mechanisms underlying beneficial effects of physical activity on mental health.
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25
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Wang X, He Y, Feng Z. The antidepressant effect of cognitive reappraisal training on individuals cognitively vulnerable to depression: Could cognitive bias be modified through the prefrontal–amygdala circuits? Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:919002. [PMID: 35992951 PMCID: PMC9385997 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.919002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive reappraisal (CR) is one of the core treatment components of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and is the gold standard treatment for major depressive disorders. Accumulating evidence indicates that cognitive reappraisal could function as a protective factor of cognitive vulnerability to depression. However, the neural mechanism by which CR training reduces cognitive vulnerability to depression is unclear. There is ample evidence that the prefrontal–amygdala circuit is involved in CR. This study proposes a novel cognitive bias model of CR training which hypothesizes that CR training may improve the generation ability of CR with altered prefrontal–amygdala functional activation/connectivity, thus reducing negative cognitive bias (negative attention bias, negative memory bias, negative interpretation bias, and/or negative rumination bias) and alleviating depressive symptoms. This study aims to (1) explore whether there is abnormal CR strategy generation ability in individuals who are cognitively vulnerable to depression; (2) test the hypothesis that CR training alleviates depressive symptoms through the mediators of cognitive bias (interpretation bias and/or rumination bias); (3) explore the neural mechanism by which CR training may enhance the ability of CR strategy generation; and (4) examine the short- and long-term effects of CR training on the reduction in depressive symptoms in individuals who are cognitively vulnerable to depression following intervention and 6 months later. The study is promising, providing theoretical and practical evidence for the early intervention of depression-vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Basic Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxia Wang,
| | - Ying He
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengzhi Feng
- School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Zhengzhi Feng,
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26
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Gao J, Leung HK, Fan J, Wu BWY, Sik HH. The neurophysiology of the intervention strategies of Awareness Training Program on emotion regulation. Front Psychol 2022; 13:891656. [PMID: 35936346 PMCID: PMC9355299 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.891656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotion regulation is essential for healthy living. Previous studies have found that mental training such as compassion meditation could help with emotion regulation. However, the underlying neural mechanism and possible intervention strategies of group-based Mahayana Buddhist intervention involved in emotion regulation are still unclear. This event-related potential (ERP) study investigated how compassion and wisdom meditations, two key components of the Awareness Training Program (ATP), may regulate emotion during different mental processing stages, namely attention deployment, cognitive change, and response modification. Eighty-five middle-aged working adults with moderate stress were voluntarily recruited for this study, using a 128-channel electroencephalogram system. After 7 weeks of training, participants (ATP attendance, n = 42; waitlist control, n = 43) were instructed to view negative pictures while practicing compassion or wisdom meditation, with corresponding priming words. Another normal priming condition and a neutral picture condition were set as control conditions. ERP results in the ATP group showed that negative pictures induced greater prefrontal activity (N400 component) in both compassion and wisdom meditation conditions compared with the normal condition, while the control group showed little difference between the conditions. Significantly higher heart rate variability was found in the compassion but not wisdom meditation when compared with the neutral priming condition. Correspondent changes in behavioural data were also found. Converging evidence showed that compassion meditation training could modulate negative emotion processing in stages of attention deployment, cognitive change, and behavioural responses. The prefrontal lobe could play an important role in the process of emotion regulation by compassion meditation, possibly due to the emphasis of the ATP on contemplative practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Gao
- Buddhism and Science Research Lab, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hang Kin Leung
- Buddhism and Science Research Lab, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jicong Fan
- School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bonnie Wai Yan Wu
- Buddhism and Science Research Lab, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Bonnie Wai Yan Wu,
| | - Hin Hung Sik
- Buddhism and Science Research Lab, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hin Hung Sik,
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27
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Wu SCJ, Hsu JW, Huang KL, Bai YM, Tu PC, Chen MH. Functional dysconnectivity of cerebellum and attention networks in emotional dysregulation shared between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and major depressive disorder: a multimodal imaging study. CNS Spectr 2022; 28:1-8. [PMID: 35761511 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852922000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a common characteristic of both attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), especially in adolescents. However, whether ADHD and MDD may share the specific ED-related neural networks remains unknown. METHODS In total, 43 adolescents with clinical ED (22 adolescents with ADHD and 21 with MDD) were recruited; in addition, 29 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analysis, voxel-based morphometry, and diffusion tensor imaging analysis were performed for each patient. In addition, we determined the significant regions of interest in patients with ED due to ADHD and MDD as compared with HCs and tested their correlations with clinical rating scale scores. RESULTS Compared with HCs, patients with ED had greater RSFC in the cerebellum and supramarginal gyrus (SMG), especially between vermis VI and the SMG in the attention networks, and lower RSFC between the right supplementary motor area and right lateral parietal area. Lower gray matter (GM) volume in the SMG was also found. RSFC was significantly correlated with clinical rating scale scores for all patients with ED due to ADHD or MDD. GM change was correlated with ED and MDD rating scale scores. DISCUSSION The cerebellum and attention networks might play major roles in ED pathophysiology in adolescents with ADHD and MDD. Increased connectivity of the vermis to the SMG serves as a possible underlying neural network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Chin J Wu
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate School of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ju-Wei Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lin Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Mei Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Richard Y, Tazi N, Frydecka D, Hamid MS, Moustafa AA. A systematic review of neural, cognitive, and clinical studies of anger and aggression. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-13. [PMID: 35693838 PMCID: PMC9174026 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Anger and aggression have large impact on people's safety and the society at large. In order to provide an intervention to minimise aggressive behaviours, it is important to understand the neural and cognitive aspects of anger and aggression. In this systematic review, we investigate the cognitive and neural aspects of anger-related processes, including anger-related behaviours and anger reduction. Using this information, we then review prior existing methods on the treatment of anger-related disorders as well as anger management, including mindfulness and cognitive behavioural therapy. At the cognitive level, our review that anger is associated with excessive attention to anger-related stimuli and impulsivity. At the neural level, anger is associated with abnormal functioning of the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. In conclusions, based on cognitive and neural studies, we here argue that mindfulness based cognitive behavioural therapy may be better at reducing anger and aggression than other behavioural treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy or mindfulness alone. We provide key information on future research work and best ways to manage anger and reduce aggression. Importantly, future research should investigate how anger related behaviours is acquired and how stress impacts the development of anger.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Tazi
- Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Universite Med 5th, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Dorota Frydecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD Australia
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29
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Pérez-García JM, Suárez-Suárez S, Doallo S, Cadaveira F. Effects of binge drinking during adolescence and emerging adulthood on the brain: A systematic review of neuroimaging studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 137:104637. [PMID: 35339481 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Binge drinking (BD) is a common pattern of alcohol consumption which is generating great concern because of its deleterious consequences. We selected 33 neuroimaging studies of healthy young binge drinkers (BDs) by following PRISMA guidelines. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between BD and neurocognitive anomalies reported across magnetic resonance studies. Moreover, this work is the first in which results of relatively new imaging techniques, such as resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), have been reviewed using a systematic procedure. We established strict inclusion criteria in order to isolate the various potential effects of BD on the adolescent brain. Two authors independently evaluated the methodological quality, assessing different aspects related to sample size, and statistical correction methods, which are of particular importance in neuroimaging studies. BD is associated with structural and functional anomalies in several cortical and subcortical brain regions intimately involved in the control and regulation of impulsive or risky behaviours, as well as in the processing of reinforcing stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Pérez-García
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Samuel Suárez-Suárez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Sonia Doallo
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Fernando Cadaveira
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
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30
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Kemp JVA, Bernier E, Lebel C, Kopala-Sibley DC. Associations Between Parental Mood and Anxiety Psychopathology and Offspring Brain Structure: A Scoping Review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2022; 25:222-247. [PMID: 35201543 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-022-00393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A family history of mood and anxiety disorders is one of the most well-established risk factors for these disorders in offspring. A family history of these disorders has also been linked to alterations in brain regions involved in cognitive-affective processes broadly, and mood and anxiety disorders specifically. Results from studies of brain structure of children of parents with a history of mood or anxiety disorders (high-risk offspring) have been inconsistent. We followed the PRISMA protocol to conduct a scoping review of the literature linking parental mood and anxiety disorders to offspring brain structure to examine which structures in offspring brains are linked to parental major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety, or bipolar disorder (BD). Studies included were published in peer-reviewed journals between January 2000 and July 2021. Thirty-nine studies were included. Significant associations between parental BD and offspring caudate volume, inferior frontal gyrus thickness, and anterior cingulate cortex thickness were found. Associations were also identified between parental MDD and offspring amygdala and hippocampal volumes, fusiform thickness, and thickness in temporoparietal regions. Few studies have examined associations between parental anxiety and high-risk offspring brain structure; however, one study found associations between parental anxiety symptoms and offspring amygdala structure, and another found similar associations with the hippocampus. The direction of grey matter change across studies was inconsistent, potentially due to the large age ranges for each study and the non-linear development of the brain. Children of parents with MDD and bipolar disorders, or elevated anxiety symptoms, show alterations in a range of brain regions. Results may further efforts to identify children at high risk for affective disorders and may elucidate whether alterations in specific brain regions represent premorbid markers of risk for mood and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer V A Kemp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Faculty of Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Foothills Hospital Teaching Research and Wellness Building, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Emily Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel C Kopala-Sibley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Calgary, AB, Canada
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31
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Pan P, Wang L, Wu C, Jin K, Cao S, Qiu Y, Teng Z, Li S, Shao T, Huang J, Wu H, Xiang H, Chen J, Liu F, Tang H, Guo W. Global Functional Connectivity Analysis Indicating Dysconnectivity of the Hate Circuit in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:803080. [PMID: 35250533 PMCID: PMC8891607 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.803080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormalities of functional connectivity (FC) in certain brain regions are closely related to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Findings are inconsistent with different presuppositions in regions of interest. Our research focused on voxel-wise brain-wide FC changes in patients with MDD in an unbiased manner. Method We examined resting-state functional MRI in 23 patients with MDD and 26 healthy controls. Imaging data were analyzed by using global-brain FC (GFC) and used to explore the correlation of abnormal GFC values with clinical variables. Results Increased GFC values in the left medial superior frontal gyrus (SFGmed) and decreased GFC values in the right supplementary motor area (SMA) were observed in the patients with MDD compared with the controls. The decreased GFC values in the right SMA had a positive correlation with vitamin D and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) scores. Conclusion Abnormal GFC in the hate circuit, particularly increased GFC in the left SFGmed and decreased GFC in the right SMA, appears to be a new sight for comprehending the pathological alterations in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pan
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Wang
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chujun Wu
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Jin
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Song Cao
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziwei Teng
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sujuan Li
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiannan Shao
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Huang
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haishan Wu
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Xiang
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Tang
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Tang,
| | - Wenbin Guo
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
- Wenbin Guo,
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Hsu SH, Lin Y, Onton J, Jung TP, Makeig S. Unsupervised Learning of Brain State Dynamics during Emotion Imagination using High-Density EEG. Neuroimage 2022; 249:118873. [PMID: 34998969 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study applies adaptive mixture independent component analysis (AMICA) to learn a set of ICA models, each optimized by fitting a distributional model for each identified component process while maximizing component process independence within some subsets of time points of a multi-channel EEG dataset. Here, we applied 20-model AMICA decomposition to long-duration (1-2 hr), high-density (128-channel) EEG data recorded while participants used guided imagination to imagine situations stimulating the experience of 15 specified emotions. These decompositions tended to return models identifying spatiotemporal EEG patterns or states within single emotion imagination periods. Model probability transitions reflected time-courses of EEG dynamics during emotion imagination, which varied across emotions. Transitions between models accounting for imagined "grief" and "happiness" were more abrupt and better aligned with participant reports, while transitions for imagined "contentment" extended into adjoining "relaxation" periods. The spatial distributions of brain-localizable independent component processes (ICs) were more similar within participants (across emotions) than emotions (across participants). Across participants, brain regions with differences in IC spatial distributions (i.e., dipole density) between emotion imagination versus relaxation were identified in or near the left rostrolateral prefrontal, posterior cingulate cortex, right insula, bilateral sensorimotor, premotor, and associative visual cortex. No difference in dipole density was found between positive versus negative emotions. AMICA models of changes in high-density EEG dynamics may allow data-driven insights into brain dynamics during emotional experience, possibly enabling the improved performance of EEG-based emotion decoding and advancing our understanding of emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hsiou Hsu
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
| | - Yayu Lin
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Julie Onton
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tzyy-Ping Jung
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Scott Makeig
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Sladky R, Hahn A, Karl IL, Geissberger N, Kranz GS, Tik M, Kraus C, Pfabigan DM, Gartus A, Lanzenberger R, Lamm C, Windischberger C. Dynamic Causal Modeling of the Prefrontal/Amygdala Network During Processing of Emotional Faces. Brain Connect 2021; 12:670-682. [PMID: 34605671 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2021.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The importance of the amygdala/medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) network during processing of emotional stimuli, emotional faces in particular, is well established. This premise is supported by converging evidence from animal models, human neuroanatomical results, and neuroimaging studies. However, there is missing evidence from human brain connectivity studies that the OFC and no other prefrontal brain areas such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) are responsible for amygdala regulation in the functional context of emotional face stimuli. Methods: Dynamic causal modeling of ultrahigh-field functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired at 7 Tesla in 38 healthy subjects and a well-established paradigm for emotional face processing were used to assess the central role of the OFC to provide empirical validation for the assumed network architecture. Results: Using Bayesian model selection, it is demonstrated that indeed the OFC, and not the VLPFC and the DLPFC, downregulates amygdala activation during the emotion discrimination task. In addition, Bayesian model averaging group results were rigorously tested using bootstrapping, further corroborating these findings and providing an estimator for robustness and optimal sample sizes. Discussion: While it is true that VLPFC and DLPFC are relevant for the processing of emotional faces and are connected to the OFC, the OFC appears to be a central hub for the prefrontal/amygdala interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Sladky
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Inga-Lisa Karl
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Geissberger
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg S Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin Tik
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kraus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela M Pfabigan
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Gartus
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus Lamm
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Windischberger
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Wang D, Liang S. Dynamic Causal Modeling on the Identification of Interacting Networks in the Brain: A Systematic Review. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2021; 29:2299-2311. [PMID: 34714747 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2021.3123964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) has long been used to characterize effective connectivity within networks of distributed neuronal responses. Previous reviews have highlighted the understanding of the conceptual basis behind DCM and its variants from different aspects. However, no detailed summary or classification research on the task-related effective connectivity of various brain regions has been made formally available so far, and there is also a lack of application analysis of DCM for hemodynamic and electrophysiological measurements. This review aims to analyze the effective connectivity of different brain regions using DCM for different measurement data. We found that, in general, most studies focused on the networks between different cortical regions, and the research on the networks between other deep subcortical nuclei or between them and the cerebral cortex are receiving increasing attention, but far from the same scale. Our analysis also reveals a clear bias towards some task types. Based on these results, we identify and discuss several promising research directions that may help the community to attain a clear understanding of the brain network interactions under different tasks.
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Gut microbiome diversity mediates the association between right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anxiety level. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:397-405. [PMID: 34554317 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fast growing interest in the impact of microbiome-gut-brain interaction on regulating emotional behavior in animals, the underlying mechanisms on how brain anatomy together with gut microbiotic condition jointly influence emotional state in healthy human volunteers remain largely unknown and hypothetic. Here, high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging data, stool samples, and psychological assessment results on anxiety level were collected from 61 healthy adults. Voxel-based morphometry was used to assess gray matter (GM) volumes, whereas 16s rRNA gene sequencing was used for bacterial classification. Correlation and mediation analysis were conducted to quantify the relationships among regional GM volume, gut microbiome diversity, and anxiety level. We observed that anxiety level was negatively correlated with GM volume in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and alpha diversity index of gut microbiome. Additional mediation analysis revealed the indirect effect of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex GM volume on anxiety level via gut microbiome diversity. Our findings provide potential evidence of the microbiome-gut-brain interactions and their association with anxiety, highlighting gut microbiome diversity as a mediator that influences the relationship between brain morphometry and anxiety level.
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Cortical hemodynamic mechanisms of reversal learning using high-resolution functional near-infrared spectroscopy: A pilot study. Neurophysiol Clin 2021; 51:409-424. [PMID: 34481708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reversal learning is widely used to analyze cognitive flexibility and characterize behavioral abnormalities associated with impulsivity and disinhibition. Recent studies using fMRI have focused on regions involved in reversal learning with negative and positive reinforcers. Although the frontal cortex has been consistently implicated in reversal learning, few studies have focused on whether reward and punishment may have different effects on lateral frontal structures in these tasks. METHODS During this pilot study on eight healthy subjects, we used functional near infra-red spectroscopy (fNIRS) to characterize brain activity dynamics and differentiate the involvement of frontal structures in learning driven by reward and punishment. RESULTS We observed functional hemispheric asymmetries between punishment and reward processing by fNIRS following reversal of a learned rule. Moreover, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) were activated under the reward condition only, whereas the orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) was significantly activated under the punishment condition, with a tendency towards activation for the right cortical hemisphere (r-DLPFC and r-IFG). Our results are compatible with the suggestion that the DLPFC is involved in the detection of contingency change. We propose a new representation for reward and punishment, with left lateralization for the reward process. CONCLUSIONS The results of this pilot study provide insights into the indirect neural mechanisms of reversal learning and behavioral flexibility and confirm the use of fNIRS imaging in reversal-learning tasks as a translational strategy, particularly in subjects who cannot undergo fMRI recordings.
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Underwood R, Tolmeijer E, Wibroe J, Peters E, Mason L. Networks underpinning emotion: A systematic review and synthesis of functional and effective connectivity. Neuroimage 2021; 243:118486. [PMID: 34438255 PMCID: PMC8905299 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed 33 studies of functional connectivity of emotion in healthy participants. Our results challenge a hierarchical model of emotion processing. Causal connectivity analyze identify dynamic modulatory relationships between regions. We derive a quality tool to make recommendations addressing variability in study design.
Existing models of emotion processing are based almost exclusively on brain activation data, yet make assumptions about network connectivity. There is a need to integrate connectivity findings into these models. We systematically reviewed all studies of functional and effective connectivity employing tasks to investigate negative emotion processing and regulation in healthy participants. Thirty-three studies met inclusion criteria. A quality assessment tool was derived from prominent neuroimaging papers. The evidence supports existing models, with primarily limbic regions for salience and identification, and frontal areas important for emotion regulation. There was mixed support for the assumption that regulatory influences on limbic and sensory areas come predominantly from prefrontal areas. Rather, studies quantifying effective connectivity reveal context-dependent dynamic modulatory relationships between occipital, subcortical, and frontal regions, arguing against purely top-down regulatory theoretical models. Our quality assessment tool found considerable variability in study design and tasks employed. The findings support and extend those of previous syntheses focused on activation studies, and provide evidence for a more nuanced view of connectivity in networks of human emotion processing and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Underwood
- Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, United Kingdom.
| | - Eva Tolmeijer
- Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Wibroe
- Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuelle Peters
- Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Mason
- Max Planck Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London United Kingdom; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, London, United Kingdom
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Differential involvement of frontoparietal network and insula cortex in emotion regulation. Neuropsychologia 2021; 161:107991. [PMID: 34391808 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Emotion regulation (ER) is an essential part of our daily life. To effectively regulate emotions, different types of strategies may be adopted. Although previous neuroimaging studies have shown that the frontoparietal cortex is critical for the regulation of emotions, reports about the specific brain regions involved in each strategy remain inconsistent. Therefore, the present study recruited 32 healthy participants to directly examine three typical ER strategies (distraction, reappraisal, and suppression) with an emotional regulation paradigm using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Our results show that the three ER strategies recruited differential activation in the frontoparietal and insular cortex. Specifically, distraction evoked stronger activation in the parietal cortex, while reappraisal triggered stronger activation in most parts of the frontal cortex. Importantly, suppression predominantly recruited the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), while reappraisal caused more activation than suppression in bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus and IFG. Besides, functional connectivity analysis found that the connectivity between the right insular and the right IFG was negatively correlated with reappraisal effect, while that between the left insular and the left IFG was negatively correlated with suppression effect. These results suggest that the successful implementation of distraction, reappraisal, and suppression specifically employ different parts of the frontoparietal network. Overall, our findings may have potential implications for clinical practice by providing specific neural targets for clinical intervention.
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Naor N, Rohr C, Schaare LH, Limbachia C, Shamay-Tsoory S, Okon-Singer H. The neural networks underlying reappraisal of empathy for pain. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 15:733-744. [PMID: 32701145 PMCID: PMC7511887 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotion regulation plays a central role in empathy. Only by successfully regulating our own emotions can we reliably use them in order to interpret the content and valence of others’ emotions correctly. In an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based experiment, we show that regulating one’s emotion via reappraisal modulated biased emotional intensity ratings following an empathy for pain manipulation. Task-based analysis revealed increased activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) when painful emotions were regulated using reappraisal, whereas empathic feelings that were not regulated resulted in increased activity bilaterally in the precuneus, supramarginal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus (MFG), as well as the right parahippocampal gyrus. Functional connectivity analysis indicated that the right IFG plays a role in the regulation of empathy for pain, through its connections with regions in the empathy for pain network. Furthermore, these connections were further modulated as a function of the type of regulation used: in sum, our results suggest that accurate empathic judgment (i.e. empathy that is unbiased) relies on a complex interaction between neural regions involved in emotion regulation and regions associated with empathy for pain. Thus, demonstrating the importance of emotion regulation in the formulation of complex social systems and sheds light on the intricate network implicated in this complex process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navot Naor
- University of Maryland, Department of Psychology, College Park, MD 20742-5031, USA
| | - Christiane Rohr
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Lina H Schaare
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Chirag Limbachia
- University of Maryland, Department of Psychology, College Park, MD 20742-5031, USA
| | | | - Hadas Okon-Singer
- University of Haifa, Department of Psychology, Haifa 3498838, Israel
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Li W, Xie K, Ngetich RK, Zhang J, Jin Z, Li L. Inferior Frontal Gyrus-Based Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Medium Dispositional Use of Reappraisal Strategy. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:681859. [PMID: 34220436 PMCID: PMC8248357 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.681859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The previous neuroimaging functional connectivity analyses have indicated that the association between the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and other brain regions results in better emotion regulation in reappraisal tasks. However, no study has explored the relationship between IFG-based resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and the dispositional use of reappraisal strategy. Therefore, the present study examined the potential associations between rsFC patterns of both left and right IFG and dispositional reappraisal use. One hundred healthy participants completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) acquisition. An approach of the seed-based rsFC analysis was recruited to estimate the functional connectivity maps of bilateral IFG with other brain regions, and the reappraisal scores from the ERQ were then correlated with the functional maps. Our findings showed that IFG-based rsFC was positively correlated with dispositional reappraisal only in the range of 4 to 5.5 points [medium reappraisal group (MRG)]. Specifically, medium dispositional reappraisal was positively correlated with rsFC between left/right IFG and bilateral temporal gyrus. Besides, medium dispositional reappraisal was positively correlated with rsFC between left IFG and bilateral superior parietal lobe (SPL), middle cingulate cortex (MCC), and right insula, as well as between right IFG and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In conclusion, these results indicate that bilateral IFG plays an important role in the medium use of the reappraisal strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhenlan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Postpartum Stress and Neural Regulation of Emotion among First-Time Mothers. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 21:1066-1082. [PMID: 34128217 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early parenting relies on emotion regulation capabilities, as mothers are responsible for regulating both their own emotional state and that of their infant during a time of new parenting-related neural plasticity and potentially increased stress. Previous research highlights the importance of frontal cortical regions in facilitating effective emotion regulation, but few studies have investigated the neural regulation of emotion among postpartum women. The current study employed a functional neuroimaging (fMRI) approach to explore the association between perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and the neural regulation of emotion in first-time mothers. Among 59 postpartum mothers, higher perceived stress during the postpartum period was associated with less self-reported use of cognitive reappraisal in everyday life, and greater use of emotion suppression. While viewing standardized aversive images during the Emotion Regulation Task (ERT), mothers were instructed to experience their natural emotional state (Maintain) or to decrease the intensity of their negative emotion by using cognitive reappraisal (Reappraise). Whole-brain analysis revealed a two-way interaction of perceived stress x condition in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) at p < .05 cluster-wise corrected, controlling for postpartum months and scanner type. Higher levels of perceived stress were associated with heightened right DLPFC activity while engaging in cognitive reappraisal versus naturally responding to negative stimuli. Higher right DLPFC activity during Reappraise versus Maintain was further associated with elevated parenting stress. Findings suggest that stress and everyday reappraisal use is reflected in mothers' neural regulation of emotion and may have important implications for their adaptation to parenthood.
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Li Q, Xiang G, Song S, Xiao M, Chen H. Trait self-control mediates the association between resting-state neural correlates and emotional well-being in late adolescence. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:632-641. [PMID: 33835167 PMCID: PMC8138250 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trait self-control (TSC), defined as the capacity to alter predominant response to promote desirable long-term goals, has been found to facilitate emotional well-being (EWB). However, the neural correlates underlying this association remain unclear. The present study estimated resting-state brain activity and connectivity with amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) among late adolescents. Whole-brain correlation analysis showed that higher TSC was associated with increased ALFFs in regions within the executive control network (inferior frontal gyrus, IFG) and the salience network (anterior insula, AI) and decreased ALFF in regions (e.g. medial frontal gyrus, MFG; posterior cingulate, PC) within the default-mode network (DMN). TSC was also linked with the integration (e.g. increased IFG-PC connectivity) and segregation (e.g. decreased AI-MFG connectivity) among brain networks. Mediation analysis indicated that TSC totally mediated the links from the IFG and the precuneus, FC of the AI and regions of the DMN (e.g. bilateral PC and MFG), to EWB. Additionally, ALFF in the IFG and the MFG could predict negative affect in the pandemic through TSC. These findings suggest that TSC is involved in several regions and functional organizations within and between brain networks and mediated the association between neural correlates and emotional wellness in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guangcan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shiqing Song
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
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Buades-Rotger M, Göttlich M, Weiblen R, Petereit P, Scheidt T, Keevil BG, Krämer UM. Low Competitive Status Elicits Aggression in Healthy Young Men: Behavioral and Neural Evidence. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:1123-1137. [PMID: 33959776 PMCID: PMC8599182 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Winners are commonly assumed to compete more aggressively than losers. Here, we find overwhelming evidence for the opposite. We first demonstrate that low-ranking teams commit more fouls than they receive in top-tier soccer, ice hockey, and basketball men's leagues. We replicate this effect in the laboratory, showing that male participants deliver louder sound blasts to a rival when placed in a low-status position. Using neuroimaging, we characterize brain activity patterns that encode competitive status as well as those that facilitate status-dependent aggression in healthy young men. These analyses reveal three key findings. First, anterior hippocampus and striatum contain multivariate representations of competitive status. Second, interindividual differences in status-dependent aggression are linked with a sharper status differentiation in the striatum and with greater reactivity to status-enhancing victories in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Third, activity in ventromedial, ventrolateral, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is associated with trial-wise increases in status-dependent aggressive behavior. Taken together, our results run counter to narratives glorifying aggression in competitive situations. Rather, we show that those in the lower ranks of skill-based hierarchies are more likely to behave aggressively and identify the potential neural basis of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macià Buades-Rotger
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Göttlich
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ronja Weiblen
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Scheidt
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Brian G Keevil
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ulrike M Krämer
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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44
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Berboth S, Windischberger C, Kohn N, Morawetz C. Test-retest reliability of emotion regulation networks using fMRI at ultra-high magnetic field. Neuroimage 2021; 232:117917. [PMID: 33652143 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the importance of emotion regulation in affective disorders, emotion regulation is at the focus of attempts to identify brain biomarkers of disease risk, treatment response, and brain development. However, to be useful as an indicator for individual characteristics of brain functions - particularly as a biomarker in a clinical context - ensuring reliability is a key challenge. Here, we systematically evaluated test-retest reliability of task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity within neural networks associated with emotion generation and regulation across three sessions. Acquiring fMRI data at ultra-high field (7T), we examined region- and voxel-wise test-retest reliability of brain activity in response to a well-established emotion regulation task for predefined region-of-interests (ROIs) implicated in four neural networks. Test-retest reliability varied considerably across the emotion regulation networks and respective ROIs. However, core emotion regulation regions, including the ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC and dlPFC) as well as the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) showed high reliability. Our findings thus support the role of these prefrontal and temporal regions as promising candidates for the study of individual differences in emotion regulation as well as for neurobiological biomarkers in clinical neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Berboth
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany; Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nils Kohn
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmengen, Netherlands
| | - Carmen Morawetz
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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45
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Morawetz C, Berboth S, Bode S. With a little help from my friends: The effect of social proximity on emotion regulation-related brain activity. Neuroimage 2021; 230:117817. [PMID: 33529742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
When experiencing negative emotions, individuals often reach out for social support to help regulate their emotions. In times of an acute crisis, however, close friends might not be available, and physical closeness might be impossible. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated the effect of social proximity on the effectiveness of social support for regulating emotions and the underlying neural mechanisms. Participants regulated their emotions in response to negative images either alone (intrapersonal regulation), or with help of a picture and supporting sentence provided by the best friend, or by a stranger (interpersonal regulation). Regulation success was enhanced for the support of friends compared to regulating alone or with the support of strangers. This effect was accompanied by the interplay of large-scale brain networks involved in processing emotions, social cognition, and cognitive control. Interpersonal regulation appeared to be implemented by lateral prefrontal regions. The amygdala showed increased activation for strangers. The activation profile of the social cognition network suggests a role in supporting empathic and mentalizing processes. The results highlight the power of social connectedness for boosting emotion regulation ability and the different neural networks that contribute to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Morawetz
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany; Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52f, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Stella Berboth
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bode
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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46
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Berboth S, Morawetz C. Amygdala-prefrontal connectivity during emotion regulation: A meta-analysis of psychophysiological interactions. Neuropsychologia 2021; 153:107767. [PMID: 33516732 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic factor in the development of psychopathology, a myriad of neuroimaging studies has investigated its neural underpinnings. However, single studies usually provide limited insight into the function of specific brain regions. Hence, to better understand the interaction between key regions involved in emotion generation and regulation, we performed a coordinate-based meta-analysis on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that examined emotion regulation-modulated connectivity of the amygdala using psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis. We analyzed fifteen PPI studies using the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) algorithm. Investigating emotion regulation-modulated connectivity independent of regulation strategy and goal revealed convergent connectivity between the amygdala and the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), which was primarily driven by PPI studies implementing reappraisal as a regulation strategy. A more focused analysis testing for effective coupling during the down-regulation of emotions by using reappraisal specifically revealed convergent connectivity between the amygdala and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). These prefrontal regions have been implicated in emotion regulatory processes such as working memory (dlPFC), language processes (vlPFC), and the attribution of mental states (dmPFC). Our findings suggest not only a dynamic modulation of connectivity between emotion generative and regulatory systems during the cognitive control of emotions, but also highlight the robustness of task-modulated prefrontal-amygdala coupling, thereby informing neurally-derived models of emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Berboth
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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47
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Zhao L, Wang D, Xue SW, Tan Z, Luo H, Wang Y, Li H, Pan C, Fu S, Hu X, Lan Z, Xiao Y, Kuai C. Antidepressant Treatment-Induced State-Dependent Reconfiguration of Emotion Regulation Networks in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:771147. [PMID: 35069281 PMCID: PMC8770425 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.771147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits in emotion regulation are the main clinical features, common risk factors, and treatment-related targets for major depressive disorder (MDD). The neural bases of emotion regulation are moving beyond specific functions and emphasizing instead the integrative functions of spatially distributed brain areas that work together as large-scale brain networks, but it is still unclear whether the dynamic interactions among these emotion networks would be the target of clinical intervention for MDD. Data were collected from 70 MDD patients and 43 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. The dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) between emotion regions was estimated via a sliding-window method based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI). A k-means clustering method was applied to classify all time windows across all participants into several dFC states reflecting recurring functional interaction patterns among emotion regions over time. The results showed that four dFC states were identified in the emotion networks. Their alterations of state-related occurrence proportion were found in MDD and subsequently normalized following 12-week antidepressant treatment. Baseline strong dFC could predict the reduction rate of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores. These findings highlighted the state-dependent reconfiguration of emotion regulation networks in MDD patients owing to antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Donglin Wang
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Wei Xue
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhonglin Tan
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanxiaoran Li
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyuan Pan
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sufen Fu
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiwen Hu
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Lan
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changxiao Kuai
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
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Brain Responses to Emotional Stimuli after Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Treatments in Major Depressive Disorder: Toward Personalized Medicine with Anti-Inflammatory Nutraceuticals. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040283. [PMID: 33339120 PMCID: PMC7765544 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements improve the symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) in randomized-controlled trials and meta-analyses, with the higher efficacy from anti-inflammatory eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) than brain-dominant docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). To investigate the specific brain mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory anti-depressant nutraceutical compounds, we recruited 24 MDD subjects in this double-blind, head-to-head study with a 12-week EPA or DHA treatment (clinical trial registration number: NCT03871088). The depression severity was assessed by Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D). Brain responses to emotional stimuli were measured by a 3-Tesla MRI. The correlation between HAM-D scores and brain responses also were tested. Compared to 18 healthy controls, the brain responses of untreated 24 MDD patients mainly revealed hypoactivity in the regions associated with emotion perception and emotion control when processing positive emotion. After treatment, more remitted MDD patients have been observed in the EPA as compared to the DHA groups. In addition, the EPA, but not DHA, treatment revealed increased activity in the regions associated with emotion perception and cognitive control when processing positive emotion. The correlation analysis further revealed negative correlation between HAM-D scores and brain responses in cognitive control regions. The results of this study may imply the compensatory brain responses of cognitive and emotion controls by EPA but not DHA and underpin personalized medicine with anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals toward depression treatments.
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He Z, Liu Z, Zhao J, Elliott R, Zhang D. Improving emotion regulation of social exclusion in depression-prone individuals: a tDCS study targeting right VLPFC. Psychol Med 2020; 50:2768-2779. [PMID: 31615594 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence has indicated that right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (RVLPFC) is critical in down-regulating emotional responses to social exclusion, and that depression is accompanied by social emotional dysregulation associated with reduced lateral prefrontal engagement. This study used anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to examine whether stimulating RVLPFC could improve emotional down-regulation of social exclusion in individuals with high depressive mood (DM). METHODS A total of 96 high and 94 low DM individuals received active or sham tDCS while viewing social exclusion or individual negative pictures under no-reappraisal (passive viewing) and reappraisal conditions. Participants rate their negative emotional experience following the presentation of each image. Pupil diameter and visual fixation duration were also recorded during the task. RESULTS It was found that tDCS-activated RVLPFC induced a stronger regulation effect on social exclusion than individual negative emotions. The effect of tDCS on regulation of social exclusion was more pronounced in low v. high DM individuals. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the specific role of RVLPFC on social emotion regulation, which has implications for refining target areas for the treatment of social emotion dysregulation in depression. However the findings do not suggest that high DM individuals benefit from a single-tDCS session on the emotion regulation of social exclusion. Thus we suggest to use multiple tDCS sessions or transcranial magnetic stimulation to further explore the therapeutic proposal in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong He
- College of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Science, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, UK
| | - Zhenli Liu
- College of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Rebecca Elliott
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Science, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, UK
| | - Dandan Zhang
- College of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
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50
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Qiao L, Xu M, Luo X, Zhang L, Li H, Chen A. Flexible adjustment of the effective connectivity between the fronto-parietal and visual regions supports cognitive flexibility. Neuroimage 2020; 220:117158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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