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Zhang KK, Matin R, Gorodetsky C, Ibrahim GM, Gouveia FV. Systematic review of rodent studies of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of neurological, developmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:186. [PMID: 38605027 PMCID: PMC11009311 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) modulates local and widespread connectivity in dysfunctional networks. Positive results are observed in several patient populations; however, the precise mechanisms underlying treatment remain unknown. Translational DBS studies aim to answer these questions and provide knowledge for advancing the field. Here, we systematically review the literature on DBS studies involving models of neurological, developmental and neuropsychiatric disorders to provide a synthesis of the current scientific landscape surrounding this topic. A systematic analysis of the literature was performed following PRISMA guidelines. 407 original articles were included. Data extraction focused on study characteristics, including stimulation protocol, behavioural outcomes, and mechanisms of action. The number of articles published increased over the years, including 16 rat models and 13 mouse models of transgenic or healthy animals exposed to external factors to induce symptoms. Most studies targeted telencephalic structures with varying stimulation settings. Positive behavioural outcomes were reported in 85.8% of the included studies. In models of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, DBS-induced effects were associated with changes in monoamines and neuronal activity along the mesocorticolimbic circuit. For movement disorders, DBS improves symptoms via modulation of the striatal dopaminergic system. In dementia and epilepsy models, changes to cellular and molecular aspects of the hippocampus were shown to underlie symptom improvement. Despite limitations in translating findings from preclinical to clinical settings, rodent studies have contributed substantially to our current knowledge of the pathophysiology of disease and DBS mechanisms. Direct inhibition/excitation of neural activity, whereby DBS modulates pathological oscillatory activity within brain networks, is among the major theories of its mechanism. However, there remain fundamental questions on mechanisms, optimal targets and parameters that need to be better understood to improve this therapy and provide more individualized treatment according to the patient's predominant symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina K Zhang
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rafi Matin
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - George M Ibrahim
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Moura-Pacheco TL, Martins-Pereira RC, Medeiros P, Sbragia L, Ramos Andrade Leite-Panissi C, Machado HR, Coimbra NC, de Freitas RL. Effect of electrical and chemical (activation versus inactivation) stimulation of the infralimbic division of the medial prefrontal cortex in rats with chronic neuropathic pain. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:2591-2604. [PMID: 37725136 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) represents a complex disorder with sensory, cognitive, and emotional symptoms. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) takes critical regulatory roles and may change functionally and morphologically during chronic NP. There needs to be a complete understanding of the neurophysiological and psychopharmacological bases of the NP phenomenon. This study aimed to investigate the participation of the infralimbic division (IFL) of the mPFC in chronic NP, as well as the role of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAr) in the elaboration of chronic NP. Male Wistar rats were submitted to the von Frey and acetone tests to assess mechanical and cold allodynia after 21 days of chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve or Sham-procedure ("false operated"). Electrical neurostimulation of the IFL/mPFC was performed by low-frequency stimuli (20 μA, 100 Hz) applied for 15 s by deep brain stimulation (DBS) device 21 days after CCI. Either cobalt chloride (CoCl2 at 1.0 mM/200 nL), NMDAr agonist (at 0.25, 1.0, and 2.0 nmol/200 nL) or physiological saline (200 nL) was administered into the IFL/mPFC. CoCl2 administration in the IFL cortex did not alter either mechanical or cold allodynia. DBS stimulation of the IFL cortex decreased mechanical allodynia in CCI rats. Chemical stimulation of the IFL cortex by an NMDA agonist (at 2.0 nmol) decreased mechanical allodynia. NMDA at any dose (0.25, 1.0, and 2.0 nmol) reduced the flicking/licking duration in the cold test. These findings suggest that the IFL/mPFC and the NMDAr of the neocortex are involved in attenuating chronic NP in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Lohanny Moura-Pacheco
- Multi-User Center of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurosciences of Pain and Emotions, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, FMRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Pediatric Surgery Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, FMRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Cristina Martins-Pereira
- Multi-User Center of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurosciences of Pain and Emotions, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, FMRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Protection Laboratory in Childhood, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, FMRP-USP, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila Medeiros
- Multi-User Center of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurosciences of Pain and Emotions, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, FMRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, FMRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, Ribeirão Preto Nursing School of the University of São Paulo (EERP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Lourenço Sbragia
- Pediatric Surgery Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, FMRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Christie Ramos Andrade Leite-Panissi
- Department of Psychology,, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Hélio Rubens Machado
- Multi-User Center of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Department of Psychology,, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Multi-User Center of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, FMRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Renato Leonardo de Freitas
- Multi-User Center of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Neurosciences of Pain and Emotions, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, FMRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
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Liu F, Huang S, Guo D, Li X, Han Y. Deep brain stimulation of ventromedial prefrontal cortex reverses depressive-like behaviors via BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway in rats. Life Sci 2023; 334:122222. [PMID: 38084673 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently under investigation as a potential therapeutic approach for managing major depressive disorder (MDD) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is recognized as a promising target region. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate a preclinical paradigm of bilateral vmPFC DBS and examine the molecular mechanisms underlying its antidepressant-like effects using chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model in rats. MAIN METHODS Male rats were subjected to stereotaxic surgery and deep brain stimulation paradigm in non-stressed and CUS rats respectively, and the therapeutic effect of DBS were assessed by a series of behavioral tests including sucrose preference test, open field test, elevated plus maze test, and forced swim test. The potential involvement of the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway and its downstream effects in this process were also investigated using western blot. KEY FINDINGS We identified that a stimulation protocol consisting of 130 Hz, 200 μA, 90 μs pulses administered for 5 h per day over a period of 7 days effectively mitigated CUS-induced depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors in rats. These therapeutic effects were associated with the enhancement of the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway and its downstream ERK1/2 activity. SIGNIFICANCE These findings provide valuable insights into the potential clinical utility of vmPFC DBS as an approach of improving the symptoms experienced by individuals with MDD. This evidence contributes to our understanding of the neurobiological basis of depression and offers promise for the development of more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Liu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shihao Huang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dan Guo
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Li
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Campos ACP, Pagano RL, Lipsman N, Hamani C. What do we know about astrocytes and the antidepressant effects of DBS? Exp Neurol 2023; 368:114501. [PMID: 37558154 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a debilitating condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been widely used with excellent outcomes in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, tremor, and dystonia. More recently, DBS has been proposed as an adjuvant therapy for TRD. To date, the antidepressant efficacy of DBS is still controversial, and its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the nervous system. Once believed to be a "supporting" element for neuronal function, astrocytes are now recognized to play a major role in brain homeostasis, neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity. Because of its many roles in complex multi-factorial disorders, including TRD, understanding the effect of DBS on astrocytes is pivotal to improve our knowledge about the antidepressant effects of this therapy. In depression, the number of astrocytes and the expression of astrocytic markers are decreased. One of the potential consequences of this reduced astrocytic function is the development of aberrant glutamatergic neurotransmission, which has been documented in several models of depression-like behavior. Evidence from preclinical work suggests that DBS may directly influence astrocytic activity, modulating the release of gliotransmitters, reducing neuroinflammation, and altering structural tissue organization. Compelling evidence for an involvement of astrocytes in potential mechanisms of DBS derive from studies suggesting that pharmacological lesions or the inhibition of these cells abolishes the antidepressant-like effect of DBS. In this review, we summarize preclinical data suggesting that the modulation of astrocytes may be an important mechanism for the antidepressant-like effects of DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina P Campos
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana L Pagano
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Gureviciene I, Laakso H, Narvaez O, Paasonen E, Lehto L, Gurevicius K, Mangia S, Michaeli S, Gröhn O, Sierra A, Tanila H. Orientation selective stimulation with tetrahedral electrodes of the rat infralimbic cortex to indirectly target the amygdala. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1147547. [PMID: 37214391 PMCID: PMC10198377 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1147547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a rapidly developing therapeutic intervention with constantly expanding neurological and psychiatric indications. A major challenge for the approach is the precise targeting and limitation of the effect on the desired neural pathways. We have introduced a new approach, orientation selective stimulation (OSS) that allows free rotation of the induced electric field on a plane when using a probe with three parallel electrodes forming an equilateral triangle at the tip. Here, we expand the technique by introducing a tetrahedral stimulation probe that enables adjustment of the primary electric field direction freely at any angle in a 3D space around the stimulating probe. OSS in 3D will enable better targeting of the electric field according to the local brain anatomy. We tested its utility in a rat model of DBS for treatment-resistant depression. The stimulation directed to the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) has yielded dramatic improvement in individual patients suffering from therapy resistant depression, but no consistent benefit in larger series. This failure has been ascribed to the challenging anatomy of sgACC with several crossing neural tracts and individual differences in the local anatomy. Methods We stimulated infralimbic cortex (IL), the rat analog of sgACC, and recorded local electrical responses in amygdala (AMG) that is monosynaptically connected to IL and plays a central role in emotional states. We further traced AMG-IL connections using a viral vector and tractography using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Finally, we mimicked the clinical situation by delivering sustained 130 Hz stimulation at IL at the most effective field orientation and followed changes in resting-state functional connectivity with IL using functional MRI. To help interpretation of responses in functional connectivity, we stimulated only the left IL, which we did not expect to evoke measurable changes in the rat behavior. Results The AMG evoked responses depended systematically on the IL stimulation field orientation and yielded the maximum response in near vertical field orientation in accordance with tractography. Sustained 130 Hz stimulation at a field orientation yielding the strongest AMG evoked responses increased functional connectivity between IL and AMG on the stimulation side. Conclusion These findings suggest that OSS in 3D provides a new approach to optimize the DBS for every individual patient with a single stimulation probe implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Gureviciene
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanne Laakso
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Omar Narvaez
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Paasonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lauri Lehto
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kestutis Gurevicius
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Silvia Mangia
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Shalom Michaeli
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Olli Gröhn
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alejandra Sierra
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Zhang YY, Li XS, Ren KD, Peng J, Luo XJ. Restoration of metal homeostasis: a potential strategy against neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101931. [PMID: 37031723 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal homeostasis is critical to normal neurophysiological activity. Metal ions are involved in the development, metabolism, redox and neurotransmitter transmission of the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, disturbance of homeostasis (such as metal deficiency or excess) can result in serious consequences, including neurooxidative stress, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and nerve cell death. The uptake, transport and metabolism of metal ions are highly regulated by ion channels. There is growing evidence that metal ion disorders and/or the dysfunction of ion channels contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, metal homeostasis-related signaling pathways are emerging as promising therapeutic targets for diverse neurological diseases. This review summarizes recent advances in the studies regarding the physiological and pathophysiological functions of metal ions and their channels, as well as their role in neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, currently available metal ion modulators and in vivo quantitative metal ion imaging methods are also discussed. Current work provides certain recommendations based on literatures and in-depth reflections to improve neurodegenerative diseases. Future studies should turn to crosstalk and interactions between different metal ions and their channels. Concomitant pharmacological interventions for two or more metal signaling pathways may offer clinical advantages in treating the neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013,China
| | - Kai-Di Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013,China.
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Campos ACP, Pople C, Silk E, Surendrakumar S, Rabelo TK, Meng Y, Gouveia FV, Lipsman N, Giacobbe P, Hamani C. Neurochemical mechanisms of deep brain stimulation for depression in animal models. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 68:11-26. [PMID: 36640729 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a neuromodulation therapy for treatment-resistant depression, but its actual efficacy and mechanisms of action are still unclear. Changes in neurochemical transmission are important mechanisms of antidepressant therapies. Here, we review the preclinical DBS literature reporting behavioural and neurochemical data associated with its antidepressant-like effects. The most commonly studied target in preclinical models was the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). In rodents, DBS delivered to this target induced serotonin (5-HT) release and increased 5-HT1B receptor expression. The antidepressant-like effects of vmPFC DBS seemed to be independent of the serotonin transporter and potentially mediated by the direct modulation of prefrontal projections to the raphe. Adenosinergic and glutamatergic transmission might have also play a role. Medial forebrain bundle (MFB) DBS increased dopamine levels and reduced D2 receptor expression, whereas nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and lateral habenula (LHb) stimulation increased catecholamine levels in different brain regions. In rodents, subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS induced robust depression-like responses associated with a reduction in serotonergic transmission, as revealed by a decrease in serotonin release. Some of these effects seemed to be mediated by 5HT1A receptors. In conclusion, the antidepressant-like effects of DBS in preclinical models have been well documented in multiple targets. Though variable mechanisms have been proposed, DBS-induced acute and long-term changes in neurochemical substrates seem to play an important role in the antidepressant-like effects of this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina P Campos
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Christopher Pople
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Esther Silk
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Shanan Surendrakumar
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Thallita K Rabelo
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Ying Meng
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Flavia Venetucci Gouveia
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
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Ago Y, Yokoyama R, Asano S, Hashimoto H. Roles of the monoaminergic system in the antidepressant effects of ketamine and its metabolites. Neuropharmacology 2023; 223:109313. [PMID: 36328065 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
While the molecular target of (R,S)-ketamine (ketamine) is thought to be the NMDA receptor, subanesthetic doses of ketamine have been known to modulate monoaminergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Although the involvement of the serotonergic system in the antidepressant effects of ketamine has been reported in most studies of this topic, some recent studies have reported that the dopaminergic system plays a key role in the effects of ketamine. Additionally, several lines of evidence suggest that the antidepressant-like effects of (R)-ketamine might be independent of the monoaminergic system. Ketamine metabolites also differ considerably in their ability to regulate monoamine neurotransmitters relative to (S)-ketamine and (R)-ketamine, while (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine might share common serotonergic signaling mechanisms with ketamine. In the current review, we summarize the effects of ketamine and its metabolites on monoamine neurotransmission in the brain and discuss the potential roles of the monoaminergic system in the mechanism of action of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Ago
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Rei Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Asano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Serotonin 5-HT 1B receptors mediate the antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of ventromedial prefrontal cortex deep brain stimulation in a mouse model of social defeat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3875-3892. [PMID: 36282287 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) delivered to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) induces antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like responses in various animal models. Electrophysiology and neurochemical studies suggest that these effects may be dependent, at least in part, on the serotonergic system. In rodents, vmPFC DBS reduces raphe cell firing and increases serotonin (5-HT) release and the expression of serotonergic receptors in different brain regions. METHODS We examined whether the behavioural responses of chronic vmPFC DBS are mediated by 5-HT1A or 5-HT1B receptors through a series of experiments. First, we delivered stimulation to mice undergoing chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), followed by a battery of behavioural tests. Second, we measured the expression of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors in different brain regions with western blot. Finally, we conducted pharmacological experiments to mitigate the behavioural effects of DBS using the 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY-100635, or the 5-HT1B antagonist, GR-127935. RESULTS We found that chronic DBS delivered to stressed animals reduced the latency to feed in the novelty suppressed feeding test (NSF) and immobility in the forced swim test (FST). Though no significant changes were observed in receptor expression, 5-HT1B levels in DBS-treated animals were found to be non-significantly increased in the vmPFC, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens and reduced in the raphe compared to non-stimulated controls. Finally, while animals given vmPFC stimulation along with WAY-100635 still presented significant responses in the NSF and FST, these were mitigated following GR-127935 administration. CONCLUSIONS The antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of DBS in rodents may be partially mediated by 5-HT1B receptors.
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López-Terrones E, Celada P, Riga MS, Artigas F. Preferential in vivo inhibitory action of serotonin in rat infralimbic versus prelimbic cortex: relevance for antidepressant treatments. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:3000-3013. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The infralimbic (IL) cortex is the rodent equivalent of human ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC), which plays a key role in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). The modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission in IL [but not in the adjacent prelimbic (PrL) cortex] evokes antidepressant-like or depressive-like behaviors, associated with changes in serotonin (5-HT) function, highlighting the relevance of glutamate/serotonin interactions in IL for emotional control. 5-HT modulates neuronal activity in PrL and cingulate (Cg) cortex but its effects in IL are largely unknown. We therefore compared the in vivo effects of 5-HT on pyramidal neuron activity in IL (n = 61) and PrL (n = 50) of anesthetized rats. IL pyramidal neurons were more responsive to physiological dorsal raphe stimulation (0.9 Hz) than PrL neurons (84% vs. 64%, respectively) and were inhibited to a greater extent (64% vs. 36%, respectively). Orthodromic activations (8% in PrL) were absent in IL, whereas biphasic responses were similar (20%) in both areas. Excitations were mediated by 5-HT2A-R activation, whereas inhibitions involved 3 different components: 5-HT1A-R, 5-HT3-R and GABAA-R, respectively. The remarkable inhibitory action of 5-HT in IL suggests that 5-HT-enhancing drugs may exert their antidepressant action by normalizing a glutamatergic hyperactivity in the vACC of MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena López-Terrones
- Depart. de Neurociències i Terapèutica Experimental , Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, IIBB-CSIC; 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pau Celada
- Depart. de Neurociències i Terapèutica Experimental , Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, IIBB-CSIC; 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) , 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maurizio S Riga
- Depart. de Neurociències i Terapèutica Experimental , Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, IIBB-CSIC; 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) , 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER-CSIC) , 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francesc Artigas
- Depart. de Neurociències i Terapèutica Experimental , Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, IIBB-CSIC; 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) , 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Optogenetic stimulation of medial prefrontal cortex excites GABAergic cells in the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus of Wistar-Kyoto rats exposed to chronic mild stress. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2299-2307. [PMID: 35292832 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High frequency optogenetic stimulation (OGS) of prelimbic cortex (PLC) has been reported to exert antidepressant-like effects in the chronic mild stress model of depression in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, which are non-responsive to antidepressant drugs. Here we have examined the effect of OGS on activity in the PLC and in two other regions implicated in depression, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hippocampus (HPC). METHOD OGS was applied to the PLC of WKY rats using the same stress schedule, and the identical placement, virus infection and stimulation parameters, used in the earlier behavioural experiments. Confocal microscopy was used to identify cells co-expressing the immediate early gene c-Fos and markers of GABAergic (GAD) and glutamatergic (CaMKII) neurons. RESULTS Stress decreased sucrose intake, which was restored by OGS. Stress also caused an overall decrease in Fos expression in the structures examined. In stressed animals, but not in non-stressed controls, OGS in mPFC increased the number of Fos+ cells in both the core and shell of the NAc (where the vast majority of cells are GABAergic), and increased the number and proportion of active GABAergic, but not glutamatergic, cells in dorsal and ventral HPC and dentate gyrus. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that OGS of PLC has a net excitatory effect on outputs from the PLC, leading to an overall inhibitory effect in structures innervated (NAc and HPC).
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Wang Z, Luo L, Fan T, Zhang Y, Yi M, Liu N, Hu C. Effects of lateral habenula and ventral medial prefrontal cortex deep brain stimulation in rats. JOURNAL OF NEURORESTORATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.26599/jnr.2022.9040006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Yuen J, Rusheen AE, Price JB, Barath AS, Shin H, Kouzani AZ, Berk M, Blaha CD, Lee KH, Oh Y. Biomarkers for Deep Brain Stimulation in Animal Models of Depression. Neuromodulation 2022; 25:161-170. [PMID: 35125135 PMCID: PMC8655028 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite recent advances in depression treatment, many patients still do not respond to serial conventional therapies and are considered "treatment resistant." Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has therapeutic potential in this context. This comprehensive review of recent studies of DBS for depression in animal models identifies potential biomarkers for improving therapeutic efficacy and predictability of conventional DBS to aid future development of closed-loop control of DBS systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was performed in Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Review using relevant keywords. Overall, 56 animal studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Outcomes were divided into biochemical/physiological, electrophysiological, and behavioral categories. Promising biomarkers include biochemical assays (in particular, microdialysis and electrochemical measurements), which provide real-time results in awake animals. Electrophysiological tests, showing changes at both the target site and downstream structures, also revealed characteristic changes at several anatomic targets (such as the medial prefrontal cortex and locus coeruleus). However, the substantial range of models and DBS targets limits the ability to draw generalizable conclusions in animal behavioral models. CONCLUSIONS Overall, DBS is a promising therapeutic modality for treatment-resistant depression. Different outcomes have been used to assess its efficacy in animal studies. From the review, electrophysiological and biochemical markers appear to offer the greatest potential as biomarkers for depression. However, to develop closed-loop DBS for depression, additional preclinical and clinical studies with a focus on identifying reliable, safe, and effective biomarkers are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Yuen
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Deakin University, IMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Aaron E. Rusheen
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - J. Blair Price
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Hojin Shin
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Abbas Z. Kouzani
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Charles D. Blaha
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kendall H. Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yoonbae Oh
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Papp M, Gruca P, Lason M, Litwa E, Solecki W, Willner P. Insufficiency of ventral hippocampus to medial prefrontal cortex transmission explains antidepressant non-response. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:1253-1264. [PMID: 34617804 PMCID: PMC8521380 DOI: 10.1177/02698811211048281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is extensive evidence that antidepressant drugs restore normal brain function by repairing damage to ventral hippocampus (vHPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). While the damage is more extensive in hippocampus, the evidence of treatments, such as deep brain stimulation, suggests that functional changes in prefrontal cortex may be more critical. We hypothesized that antidepressant non-response may result from an insufficiency of transmission from vHPC to mPFC. METHOD Antidepressant non-responsive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were subjected to chronic mild stress (CMS), then treated with chronic daily administration of the antidepressant drug venlafaxine (VEN) and/or repeated weekly optogenetic stimulation (OGS) of afferents to mPFC originating from vHPC or dorsal HPC (dHPC). RESULTS As in many previous studies, CMS decreased sucrose intake, open-arm entries on the elevated plus maze (EPM), and novel object recognition (NOR). Neither VEN nor vHPC-mPFC OGS alone was effective in reversing the effects of CMS, but the combination of chronic VEN and repeated OGS restored normal behaviour on all three measures. dHPC-mPFC OGS restored normal behaviour in the EPM and NOR test irrespective of concomitant VEN treatment, and had no effect on sucrose intake. CONCLUSIONS The synergism between VEN and vHPC-mPFC OGS supports the hypothesis that the antidepressant non-responsiveness of WKY rats results from a failure of antidepressant treatment fully to restore transmission in the vHPC-mPFC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Papp
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland,Mariusz Papp, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, Krakow 31-343, Poland.
| | - Piotr Gruca
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Lason
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Litwa
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Solecki
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paul Willner
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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mTOR Knockdown in the Infralimbic Cortex Evokes A Depressive-like State in Mouse. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168671. [PMID: 34445375 PMCID: PMC8395521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast and sustained antidepressant effects of ketamine identified the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway as the main modulator of its antidepressive effects. Thus, mTOR signaling has become integral for the preclinical evaluation of novel compounds to treat depression. However, causality between mTOR and depression has yet to be determined. To address this, we knocked down mTOR expression in mice using an acute intracerebral infusion of small interfering RNAs (siRNA) in the infralimbic (IL) or prelimbic (PrL) cortices of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and evaluated depressive- and anxious-like behaviors. mTOR knockdown in IL, but not PrL, cortex produced a robust depressive-like phenotype in mice, as assessed in the forced swimming test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST). This phenotype was associated with significant reductions of mTOR mRNA and protein levels 48 h post-infusion. In parallel, decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression was found bilaterally in both IL and PrL cortices along with a dysregulation of serotonin (5-HT) and glutamate (Glu) release in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Overall, our results demonstrate causality between mTOR expression in the IL cortex and depressive-like behaviors, but not in anxiety.
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16
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Sartim AG, Marques J, Silveira KM, Gobira PH, Guimarães FS, Wegener G, Joca SR. Co-administration of cannabidiol and ketamine induces antidepressant-like effects devoid of hyperlocomotor side-effects. Neuropharmacology 2021; 195:108679. [PMID: 34157363 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although useful as a rapid-acting antidepressant drug, ketamine is known to induce psychotomimetic effects, which may interfere with its therapeutic use. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychostimulant compound from Cannabis sativa, which has shown promising antidepressant effects without inducing hyperlocomotion. AMPA receptor activation is involved in the antidepressant effect induced by ketamine, but its relevance for the effects of CBD is not known. Moreover, given that CBD has antipsychotic and antidepressant properties, it is unknown whether adding CBD to ketamine could potentiate the antidepressant properties of ketamine while also attenuating its psychostimulant effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH S-Ketamine (2.5, 3, 5, 10, 30 mg/kg) and cannabidiol (3, 10, 30 mg/kg) were administered alone or in combination to male Swiss mice. Independent groups received NBQX (AMPA receptor antagonist) 5 min before administration of CBD or S-ketamine. The antidepressant-like effect was assessed in the forced swimming test (FST), and the open field test (OFT) evaluated the psychostimulant effect. KEY RESULTS CBD induced significant dose-dependent antidepressant effects without causing hyperlocomotion in the OFT. S-ketamine produced an antidepressant effect associated with hyperlocomotion in the higher dose. NBQX inhibited the antidepressant effect of both ketamine and CBD. Pretreatment with CBD (10 mg/kg) attenuated the ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion while preserving its antidepressant effect. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Similar to ketamine, the antidepressant-like effect elicited by CBD involves AMPA receptor activation. Additionally, CBD prevents the hyperlocomotion induced by S-ketamine without affecting its antidepressant-like effect. Our findings suggest that CBD and ketamine's combined administration can be a promising therapeutic strategy for achieving an appropriate antidepressant effect without unwanted side-effects. This article is part of the special issue on 'Cannabinoids'.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Sartim
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - J Marques
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - K M Silveira
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit (TNU), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - P H Gobira
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - F S Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit (TNU), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - S R Joca
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Brazil; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit (TNU), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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Papp M, Cubala WJ, Swiecicki L, Newman-Tancredi A, Willner P. Perspectives for therapy of treatment-resistant depression. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:4181-4200. [PMID: 34128229 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A high proportion of depressed patients fail to respond to antidepressant drug treatment. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a major challenge for the psychopharmacology of mood disorders. Only in the past decade have novel treatments, including deep brain stimulation (DBS) and ketamine, been discovered that provide rapid and sometimes prolonged relief to a high proportion of TRD sufferers. In this review, we consider the current status of TRD from four perspectives: the challenge of developing an appropriate regulatory framework for novel rapidly acting antidepressants; the efficacy of non-pharmacological somatic therapies; the development of an animal model of TRD and its use to understand the neural basis of antidepressant non-response; and the potential for rapid antidepressant action from targets (such as 5-HT1A receptors) beyond the glutamate receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Papp
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wiesław Jerzy Cubala
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Swiecicki
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Paul Willner
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Tan SZK, Poon CH, Chan YS, Lim LW. Prelimbic cortical stimulation disrupts fear memory consolidation through ventral hippocampal dopamine D 2 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3587-3601. [PMID: 33899943 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Anxiety disorders pose one of the biggest threats to mental health worldwide, yet current therapeutics have been mostly ineffective due to issues with relapse, efficacy and toxicity of the medications. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising therapy for treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders including anxiety, but very little is known about the effects of deep brain stimulation on fear memories. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In this study, we employed a standard tone-footshock fear conditioning paradigm and modified plus maze discriminative avoidance task to probe the effects of prelimbic cortex deep brain stimulation on various stages of memory. KEY RESULTS We identified memory consolidation stage as a critical time point to disrupt fear memory via prelimbic cortex deep brain stimulation. The observed disruption was partially modulated by the inactivation of the ventral hippocampus and the transient changes in ventral hippocampus dopamine (D2 ) receptors expression upon prelimbic cortex deep brain stimulation. We also observed wide-scale changes of various neurotransmitters and their metabolites in ventral hippocampus, confirming its important role in response to prelimbic cortex deep brain stimulation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These findings highlight the molecular mechanism in the ventral hippocampus in response to prelimbic cortex stimulation and may have translational value, indicating that targeting the prelimbic cortex in the memory consolidation stage via non-invasive neuromodulation techniques may be a feasible therapeutic strategy against anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Zheng Kai Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Him Poon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Freo U, Brugnatelli V, Turco F, Zanette G. Analgesic and Antidepressant Effects of the Clinical Glutamate Modulators Acetyl-L-Carnitine and Ketamine. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:584649. [PMID: 34045938 PMCID: PMC8144463 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.584649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain and depression are leading causes of disability and of profound social and economic burden. Their impact is aggravated by their chronicity and comorbidity and the insufficient efficacy of current treatments. Morphological and functional metabolism studies link chronic pain and depressive disorders to dysfunctional neuroplastic changes in fronto-limbic brain regions that control emotional responses to painful injuries and stressful events. Glutamate modulators are emerging new therapies targeting dysfunctional brain areas implicated in the generation and maintenance of chronic pain and depression. Here, we report the effects of two clinically approved glutamate modulators: acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) and S, R(±)ketamine (KET). ALCAR is a natural neurotrophic compound currently marketed for the treatment of neuropathies. KET is the prototypical non-competitive antagonist at N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors and a clinically approved anesthetic. Although they differ in pharmacological profiles, ALCAR and KET both modulate aminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmissions and pain and mood. We assessed in rats the effects of ALCAR and KET on cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (rCMRglc) and assessed clinically the effects of ALCAR in chronic pain and of KET in post-operative pain. ALCAR and KET increased rCMRglc at similar degrees in prefrontal, somatosensory, and cingulate cortices, and KET increased rCMRglc at a different, much larger, degree in limbic and dopaminergic areas. While rCMRglc increases in prefrontal cortical areas have been associated with analgesic and antidepressant effects of ALCAR and KET, the marked metabolic increases KET induces in limbic and dopaminergic areas have been related to its psychotomimetic and abuse properties. In patients with chronic neuropathic pain, ALCAR (1,000 mg/day) yielded to a fast (2 weeks) improvement of mood and then of pain and quality of life. In day-surgery patients, KET improved dischargeability and satisfaction. In obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery, a single, low dose of KET (0.5 mg/kg) at induction of anesthesia determined a very fast (hours) amelioration of post-operative depression and pain and an opioid-sparing effect. These findings indicate that ALCAR and KET, two non-selective glutamate modulators, still offer viable therapeutic options in comorbid pain and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulderico Freo
- Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Viola Brugnatelli
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Neurosciences-DNS, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Turco
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Neurogastroenterology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gastone Zanette
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Neurosciences-DNS, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Luo F, Kiss ZH. Cholinergics contribute to the cellular mechanisms of deep brain stimulation applied in rat infralimbic cortex but not white matter. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 45:52-58. [PMID: 33771420 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subcallosal cingulate gyrus (SCG) is a promising therapy for treatment-resistant depression. Pre-clinical models have been widely used to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying its antidepressant benefit. The ventral division of the medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), particularly the infralimbic cortex (IL), is the homologous region in rat and DBS applied to vmPFC shows antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim test. Therefore we investigated the cellular mechanisms of simulated DBS (sDBS) in layer 5 IL neurons, using in vitro whole-cell patch clamp recordings. sDBS in IL layer 5 induced a prolonged after-depolarization (ADP) in both pyramidal and fast spiking neurons, which was dependent on current amplitude and pulse width. In contrast, sDBS applied in the forebrain white matter fibers, although delivered at a higher intensity, failed to induce any persistent depolarization in layer 5 IL pyramidal neurons. Cholinergic blockade (atropine, 2.0 µM) decreased both the ADP amplitude and duration in pyramidal neurons, but left those in fast spiking neurons unchanged. These data suggest that: (i) sDBS in IL gray and white matter produced different cellular effects on pyramidal neurons; (ii) sDBS-induced ADP in pyramidal, but not fast spiking neurons, was mediated by acetylcholine; and (iii) different neuromodulators may contribute to sDBS-induced ADP in IL. In summary, cholinergic mediated ADP in pyramidal neurons may contribute to the antidepressant effects of DBS in IL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Luo
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Zelma Ht Kiss
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB Canada T2N 4N1.
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Delcourte S, Etievant A, Haddjeri N. Role of central serotonin and noradrenaline interactions in the antidepressants' action: Electrophysiological and neurochemical evidence. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 259:7-81. [PMID: 33541681 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of antidepressant drugs, in the last 6 decades, has been associated with theories based on a deficiency of serotonin (5-HT) and/or noradrenaline (NA) systems. Although the pathophysiology of major depression (MD) is not fully understood, numerous investigations have suggested that treatments with various classes of antidepressant drugs may lead to an enhanced 5-HT and/or adapted NA neurotransmissions. In this review, particular morpho-physiological aspects of these systems are first considered. Second, principal features of central 5-HT/NA interactions are examined. In this regard, the effects of the acute and sustained antidepressant administrations on these systems are discussed. Finally, future directions including novel therapeutic strategies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Delcourte
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Adeline Etievant
- Integrative and Clinical Neurosciences EA481, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Nasser Haddjeri
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France.
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22
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Charvériat M, Guiard BP. Serotonergic neurons in the treatment of mood disorders: The dialogue with astrocytes. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 259:197-228. [PMID: 33541677 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes were traditionally regarded as cells important to neuronal activity, providing both metabolic and structural supports. Recent evidence suggests that they may also play a crucial role in the control of higher brain functions. In keeping with this hypothesis, it is now well accepted that astrocytes contribute to stress but also react to antidepressant drugs as they express serotonergic transporters and receptors. However, the downstream mechanisms leading to the fine-tuned regulation of mood are still unknown. This chapter pays attention to the role of astrocytes in the regulation of emotional behavior and related serotonergic neurotransmission. In particular, it gives a current state of the clinical and preclinical evidence showing that astrocytes respond to environmental conditions and antidepressant drugs through the release of gliotransmitters and neurotrophic factors which in turn, influence serotonergic tone in discrete brain areas. This state-of-the-art review aims at demonstrating the remarkable potential for novel therapeutic antidepressant strategies targeting these glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno P Guiard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
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23
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Almeida RF, Nonose Y, Ganzella M, Loureiro SO, Rocha A, Machado DG, Bellaver B, Fontella FU, Leffa DT, Pettenuzzo LF, Venturin GT, Greggio S, da Costa JC, Zimmer ER, Elisabetsky E, Souza DO. Antidepressant-Like Effects of Chronic Guanosine in the Olfactory Bulbectomy Mouse Model. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:701408. [PMID: 34421682 PMCID: PMC8371253 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.701408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) leads to pervasive changes in the health of afflicted patients. Despite advances in the understanding of MDD and its treatment, profound innovation is needed to develop fast-onset antidepressants with higher effectiveness. When acutely administered, the endogenous nucleoside guanosine (GUO) shows fast-onset antidepressant-like effects in several mouse models, including the olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) rodent model. OBX is advocated to possess translational value and be suitable to assess the time course of depressive-like behavior in rodents. This study aimed at investigating the long-term behavioral and neurochemical effects of GUO in a mouse model of depression induced by bilateral bulbectomy (OBX). Mice were submitted to OBX and, after 14 days of recovery, received daily (ip) administration of 7.5 mg/kg GUO or 40 mg/kg imipramine (IMI) for 45 days. GUO and IMI reversed the OBX-induced hyperlocomotion and recognition memory impairment, hippocampal BDNF increase, and redox imbalance (ROS, NO, and GSH levels). GUO also mitigated the OBX-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-10). Brain microPET imaging ([18F]FDG) shows that GUO also prevented the OBX-induced increase in hippocampal FDG metabolism. These results provide additional evidence for GUO antidepressant-like effects, associated with beneficial neurochemical outcomes relevant to counteract depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Farina Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Yasmine Nonose
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ganzella
- Neurobiology Department, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Samanta Oliveira Loureiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andréia Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniele Guilhermano Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bellaver
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Urruth Fontella
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Douglas T Leffa
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ferreira Pettenuzzo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gianina Teribele Venturin
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Brain Institute (Brains) of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Samuel Greggio
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Brain Institute (Brains) of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jaderson Costa da Costa
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Brain Institute (Brains) of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departament of Pharmacology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elaine Elisabetsky
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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24
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Papp M, Gruca P, Lason M, Litwa E, Solecki W, Willner P. AMPA receptors mediate the pro-cognitive effects of electrical and optogenetic stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex in antidepressant non-responsive Wistar-Kyoto rats. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:1418-1430. [PMID: 33200659 PMCID: PMC7708672 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120967857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chronic mild stress (CMS) procedure is a widely used animal model of depression, and its application in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats has been validated as a model of antidepressant-refractory depression. While not responding to chronic treatment with antidepressant drugs, WKY rats do respond to acute deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In antidepressant-responsive strains there is evidence suggesting a role for AMPA subtype of glutamate receptor in the action mechanism of both antidepressants and DBS. METHODS Animals were subjected to CMS for 6 to 8 weeks; sucrose intake was monitored weekly and novel object recognition (NOR) test was conducted following recovery from CMS. Wistars were treated chronically with venlafaxine (VEN), while WKY were treated acutely with either DBS, optogenetic stimulation (OGS) of virally-transduced (AAV5-hSyn-ChR2-EYFP) mPFC or ventral hippocampus, or acute intra-mPFC injection of the AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator CX-516. The AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX was administered, at identical sites in mPFC, immediately following the exposure trial in the NOR. RESULTS Sucrose intake and NOR were suppressed by CMS, and restored by VEN in Wistars and by DBS, OGS, or CX-516 in WKY. However, OGS of the ventral hippocampal afferents to mPFC was ineffective. A low dose of NBQX selectively blocked the procognitive effect of VEN, DBS and OGS. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that activation of AMPA receptors in the mPFC represents a common pathway for the antidepressant effects of both conventional (VEN) and novel (DBS, OGS) antidepressant modalities, in both antidepressant responsive (Wistar) and antidepressant-resistant (WKY) rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Papp
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland,Mariusz Papp, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, Krakow, 31-343, Poland.
| | - Piotr Gruca
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Lason
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Litwa
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Solecki
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paul Willner
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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25
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Khairuddin S, Ngo FY, Lim WL, Aquili L, Khan NA, Fung ML, Chan YS, Temel Y, Lim LW. A Decade of Progress in Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subcallosal Cingulate for the Treatment of Depression. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103260. [PMID: 33053848 PMCID: PMC7601903 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression contributes significantly to the global disability burden. Since the first clinical study of deep brain stimulation (DBS), over 446 patients with depression have now undergone this neuromodulation therapy, and 29 animal studies have investigated the efficacy of subgenual cingulate DBS for depression. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress of DBS of the subcallosal cingulate in humans and the medial prefrontal cortex, its rodent homolog. For preclinical animal studies, we discuss the various antidepressant-like behaviors induced by medial prefrontal cortex DBS and examine the possible mechanisms including neuroplasticity-dependent/independent cellular and molecular changes. Interestingly, the response rate of subcallosal cingulate Deep brain stimulation marks a milestone in the treatment of depression. DBS achieved response and remission rates of 64–76% and 37–63%, respectively, from clinical studies monitoring patients from 6–24 months. Although some studies showed its stimulation efficacy was limited, it still holds great promise as a therapy for patients with treatment-resistant depression. Overall, further research is still needed, including more credible clinical research, preclinical mechanistic studies, precise selection of patients, and customized electrical stimulation paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharafuddin Khairuddin
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L4 Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (S.K.); (F.Y.N.); (W.L.L.); (M.-L.F.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Fung Yin Ngo
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L4 Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (S.K.); (F.Y.N.); (W.L.L.); (M.-L.F.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Wei Ling Lim
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L4 Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (S.K.); (F.Y.N.); (W.L.L.); (M.-L.F.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Luca Aquili
- School of Psychological and Clinical Sciences, Charles Darwin University, NT0815 Darwin, Australia;
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, UAE;
| | - Man-Lung Fung
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L4 Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (S.K.); (F.Y.N.); (W.L.L.); (M.-L.F.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L4 Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (S.K.); (F.Y.N.); (W.L.L.); (M.-L.F.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Yasin Temel
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, Maastricht University, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L4 Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (S.K.); (F.Y.N.); (W.L.L.); (M.-L.F.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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26
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Poon CH, Heng BC, Lim LW. New insights on brain-derived neurotrophic factor epigenetics: from depression to memory extinction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1484:9-31. [PMID: 32808327 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in characterizing molecular profiles provide valuable insights and opportunities for deciphering the neuropathology of depression. Although abnormal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in depression has gained much support from preclinical and clinical research, how it mediates behavioral alterations in the depressed state remains largely obscure. Environmental factors contribute significantly to the onset of depression and produce robust epigenetic changes. Epigenetic regulation of BDNF, as one of the most characterized gene loci in epigenetics, has recently emerged as a target in research on memory and psychiatric disorders. Specifically, epigenetic alterations of BDNF exons are heavily involved in mediating memory functions and antidepressant effects. In this review, we discuss key research on stress-induced depression from both preclinical and clinical studies, which revealed that differential epigenetic regulation of specific BDNF exons is associated with depression pathophysiology. Considering that BDNF has a central role in depression, we argue that memory extinction, an adaptive response to fear exposure, is dependent on BDNF modulation and holds promise as a prospective target for alleviating or treating depression and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Him Poon
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
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27
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Adell A. Brain NMDA Receptors in Schizophrenia and Depression. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060947. [PMID: 32585886 PMCID: PMC7355879 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists such as phencyclidine (PCP), dizocilpine (MK-801) and ketamine have long been considered a model of schizophrenia, both in animals and humans. However, ketamine has been recently approved for treatment-resistant depression, although with severe restrictions. Interestingly, the dosage in both conditions is similar, and positive symptoms of schizophrenia appear before antidepressant effects emerge. Here, we describe the temporal mechanisms implicated in schizophrenia-like and antidepressant-like effects of NMDA blockade in rats, and postulate that such effects may indicate that NMDA receptor antagonists induce similar mechanistic effects, and only the basal pre-drug state of the organism delimitates the overall outcome. Hence, blockade of NMDA receptors in depressive-like status can lead to amelioration or remission of symptoms, whereas healthy individuals develop psychotic symptoms and schizophrenia patients show an exacerbation of these symptoms after the administration of NMDA receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Adell
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC-University of Cantabria), Calle Albert Einstein 22 (PCTCAN), 39011 Santander, Spain; or
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), 39011 Santander, Spain
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28
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Gordillo-Salas M, Pascual-Antón R, Ren J, Greer J, Adell A. Antidepressant-Like Effects of CX717, a Positive Allosteric Modulator of AMPA Receptors. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3498-3507. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Tan SZK, Fung ML, Koh J, Chan YS, Lim LW. The Paradoxical Effect of Deep Brain Stimulation on Memory. Aging Dis 2020; 11:179-190. [PMID: 32010491 PMCID: PMC6961776 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising treatment for many memory-related disorders including dementia, anxiety, and addiction. However, the use of DBS can be a paradoxical conundrum-dementia treatments aim to improve memory, whereas anxiety or addiction treatments aim to suppress maladaptive memory. In this review, the key hypotheses on how DBS affects memory are highlighted. We consolidate the findings and conclusions from the current research on the effects of DBS on memory in attempt to make sense of the bidirectional nature of DBS in disrupting and enhancing memory. Based on the current literature, we hypothesize that the timing of DBS plays a key role in its contradictory effects, and therefore, we propose a consolidated model of how DBS can both disrupt and enhance memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Zheng Kai Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man-Lung Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Junhao Koh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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30
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Réus GZ, de Moura AB, Borba LA, Abelaira HM, Quevedo J. Strategies for Treatment-Resistant Depression: Lessons Learned from Animal Models. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2019; 5:178-189. [PMID: 31768371 PMCID: PMC6873047 DOI: 10.1159/000500324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Around 300 million individuals are affected by major depressive disorder (MDD) in the world. Despite this high number of affected individuals, more than 50% of patients do not respond to antidepressants approved to treat MDD. Patients with MDD that do not respond to 2 or more first-line antidepressant treatments are considered to have treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Animal models of depression are important tools to better understand the pathophysiology of MDD as well as to help in the development of novel and fast antidepressants for TRD patients. This review will emphasize some discovery strategies for TRD from studies on animal models, including, antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (ketamine and memantine), electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), lithium, minocycline, quetiapine, and deep brain stimulation. Animal models of depression are not sufficient to represent all the traits of TRD, but they greatly aid in understanding the mechanism by which therapies that work for TRD exert antidepressant effects. Interestingly, these innovative therapies have mechanisms of action different from those of classic antidepressants. These effects are mainly related to the regulation of neurotransmitter activity, including general glutamate and increased connectivity, synaptic capacity, and neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Zilli Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Airam Barbosa de Moura
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Laura Araújo Borba
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Helena Mendes Abelaira
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
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31
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López-Gil X, Jiménez-Sánchez L, Campa L, Castro E, Frago C, Adell A. Role of Serotonin and Noradrenaline in the Rapid Antidepressant Action of Ketamine. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3318-3326. [PMID: 31244055 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a chronic and debilitating illness that interferes severely with many human behaviors, and is the leading cause of disability in the world. There is data suggesting that deficits in serotonin neurotransmission can contribute to the development of depression. Indeed, >90% of prescribed antidepressant drugs act by increasing serotonergic transmission at the synapse. However, this increase is offset by a negative feedback operating at the level of the cell body of the serotonin neurons in the raphe nuclei. In the present work, we demonstrate: first, the intracortical infusion of ketamine induced an antidepressant-like effect in the forced swim test, comparable to that produced by systemic ketamine; second, systemic and intracortical ketamine increased serotonin and noradrenaline efflux in the prefrontal cortex, but not in the dorsal raphe nucleus; third, systemic and intracortical administration of ketamine increased the efflux of glutamate in the prefrontal cortex and dorsal raphe nucleus; fourth, systemic ketamine did not alter the functionality of 5-HT1A receptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Taken together, these findings suggest that the antidepressant-like effects of ketamine are caused by the stimulation of the prefrontal projection to the dorsal raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus caused by an elevated glutamate in the medial prefrontal cortex, which would stimulate release of serotonin and noradrenaline in the same area. The impact of both monoamines in the antidepressant response to ketamine seems to have different time frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier López-Gil
- Experimental 7T MRI Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Laura Jiménez-Sánchez
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, CSIC, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Leticia Campa
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, CSIC, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Elena Castro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria), Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Clara Frago
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria), Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Albert Adell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria), Santander 39011, Spain
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32
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Reyes-Garcés N, Diwan M, Boyacı E, Gómez-Ríos GA, Bojko B, Nobrega JN, Bambico FR, Hamani C, Pawliszyn J. In Vivo Brain Sampling Using a Microextraction Probe Reveals Metabolic Changes in Rodents after Deep Brain Stimulation. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9875-9884. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Reyes-Garcés
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Mustansir Diwan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Ezel Boyacı
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - German A. Gómez-Ríos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - José N. Nobrega
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Francis R. Bambico
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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Social defeat stress causes selective attenuation of neuronal activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9447. [PMID: 31263153 PMCID: PMC6603183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45833-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) plays key roles in higher cognitive abilities, including mental representations and the regulation of emotion. Previous studies have reported that vmPFC activity is altered in depressed human patients, highlighting this subregion as a major site of dysfunction in neuropsychiatric diseases. To examine how neuronal activity at spike levels in the vmPFC is altered by social defeat stress, we performed electrophysiological multiunit recordings along the dorsoventral axis of the mPFC of freely moving mice. Chronic social defeat stress-susceptible mice showing an impairment in social interaction exhibited significant reductions in the overall spike frequencies of neurons in the vmPFC, but not in the dorsal mPFC. Analysis of local field potentials revealed that the vmPFC generated spatially constrained 20-40 Hz events lasting hundreds of milliseconds, with an average event frequency of 0.05 Hz; during these events, a subset of neurons were transiently inhibited. The frequency of 20-40 Hz events in the vmPFC was reduced in defeated stress-susceptible animals, and this decrease was reversed by systemic ketamine administration. The novel neurophysiological correlates of stress-induced changes in the vmPFC advance the understanding of the neural basis of stress-induced dysregulation of social behavior.
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Luque-García A, Teruel-Martí V, Martínez-Bellver S, Adell A, Cervera-Ferri A, Martínez-Ricós J. Neural oscillations in the infralimbic cortex after electrical stimulation of the amygdala. Relevance to acute stress processing. J Comp Neurol 2019; 526:1403-1416. [PMID: 29473165 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The stress system coordinates the adaptive reactions of the organism to stressors. Therefore, dysfunctions in this circuit may correlate to anxiety-related disorders, including depression. Comprehending the dynamics of this network may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie these diseases. The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and brainstem nodes by triggering endocrine, autonomic and behavioral stress responses. The medial prefrontal cortex plays a significant role in regulating reactions to stressors, and is specifically important for limiting fear responses. Brain oscillations reflect neural systems activity. Synchronous neuronal assemblies facilitate communication and synaptic plasticity, mechanisms that cooperatively support the temporal representation and long-term consolidation of information. The purpose of this article was to delve into the interactions between these structures in stress contexts by evaluating changes in oscillatory activity. We particularly analyzed the local field potential in the infralimbic region of the medial prefrontal cortex (IL) in urethane-anesthetized rats after the electrical activation of the central nucleus of the amygdala by mimicking firing rates induced by acute stress. Electrical CeA activation induced a delayed, but significant, change in the IL, with prominent slow waves accompanied by an increase in the theta and gamma activities, and spindles. The phase-amplitude coupling of both slow waves and theta oscillations significantly increased with faster oscillations, including theta-gamma coupling and the nesting of spindles, theta and gamma oscillations in the slow wave cycle. These results are further discussed in neural processing terms of the stress response and memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Luque-García
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Vicent Teruel-Martí
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Bellver
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Albert Adell
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria), Santander, 39011, Spain
| | - Ana Cervera-Ferri
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Joana Martínez-Ricós
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, 46010, Spain
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Papp M, Gruca P, Lason M, Niemczyk M, Willner P. The role of prefrontal cortex dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in the mechanism of action of venlafaxine and deep brain stimulation in animal models of treatment-responsive and treatment-resistant depression. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:748-756. [PMID: 30789286 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119827889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The Wistar-Kyoto rat has been validated as an animal model of treatment-resistant depression. Here we investigated a role of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex in the mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation in Wistar-Kyoto rats and venlafaxine in Wistar rats. METHODS Wistar or Wistar-Kyoto rats were exposed chronically to chronic mild stress. Wistar rats were treated chronically with venlafaxine (10 mg/kg) beginning after two weeks of chronic mild stress; Wistar-Kyoto rats received two sessions of deep brain stimulation before behavioural tests. L-742,626 (1 µg), a D2 receptor agonist, or 7-OH DPAT (3 µg), a D3 receptor antagonist, were infused into the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex immediately following the exposure trial in the Novel Object Recognition Test, and discrimination between novel and familiar object was tested one hour later. RESULTS Chronic mild stress decreased sucrose intake and impaired memory consolidation; these effects were reversed by venlafaxine in Wistar rats and deep brain stimulation in Wistar-Kyoto rats. In control animals, L-742,626 and 7-OH DPAT also impaired memory consolidation. In Wistar rats, venlafaxine reversed the effect of L-742,626 in controls, but not in the chronic mild stress group, and venlafaxine did not reverse the effect of 7-OH DPAT in either group. In Wistar-Kyoto rats, deep brain stimulation reversed the effect of both L-742,626 and 7-OH DPAT in both control and chronic mild stress groups. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the action of venlafaxine to reverse the impairment of memory consolidation caused by chronic mild stress in Wistar rats involves D2 receptors in the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex; but the effect of deep brain stimulation to reverse the same effect in Wistar-Kyoto rats does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Papp
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Gruca
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Lason
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Niemczyk
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paul Willner
- 2 Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Jakobs M, Fomenko A, Lozano AM, Kiening KL. Cellular, molecular, and clinical mechanisms of action of deep brain stimulation-a systematic review on established indications and outlook on future developments. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e9575. [PMID: 30862663 PMCID: PMC6460356 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been successfully used to treat movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, for more than 25 years and heralded the advent of electrical neuromodulation to treat diseases with dysregulated neuronal circuits. DBS is now superseding ablative techniques, such as stereotactic radiofrequency lesions. While serendipity has played a role in developing DBS as a therapy, research during the past two decades has shown that electrical neuromodulation is far more than a functional lesion that can be switched on and off. This understanding broadens the field to enable new types of stimulation, clinical indications, and research. This review highlights the complex effects of DBS from the single cell to the neuronal network. Specifically, we examine the electrical, cellular, molecular, and neurochemical mechanisms of DBS as applied to Parkinson's disease and other emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jakobs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anton Fomenko
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karl L Kiening
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Roet M, Pol S, Schaper FLWVJ, Hoogland G, Jahanshahi A, Temel Y. Severe seizures as a side effect of deep brain stimulation in the dorsal peduncular cortex in a rat model of depression. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 92:269-275. [PMID: 30731292 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown to have antidepressant effects in both human trials and animal studies. However, the optimal target and the underlying therapeutic mechanisms remain to be determined. In this study, we investigated if high frequency (HF) DBS in the dorsal peduncular cortex (DPC) alleviates depressive-like behavior in an experimental model of depression. Surprisingly, HF DBS in the DPC caused acute induction of seizures in ~40% of animals stimulated with clinically relevant stimulation parameters. Reducing the stimulation's amplitude by 50% did not alter seizure occurrence. Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings showed seizures up to Racine stage IV lasting up to 4 min after cessation of stimulation. We conclude that HF DBS in the DPC is not suitable for mood-related experiments in rats but could be a potential model for seizure induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milaine Roet
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), The Netherlands.
| | - Sylvana Pol
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric L W V J Schaper
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), The Netherlands
| | - Govert Hoogland
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), The Netherlands
| | - Ali Jahanshahi
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), The Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), The Netherlands.
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Wu HF, Chen YJ, Chu MC, Hsu YT, Lu TY, Chen IT, Chen PS, Lin HC. Deep Brain Stimulation Modified Autism-Like Deficits via the Serotonin System in a Valproic Acid-Induced Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092840. [PMID: 30235871 PMCID: PMC6164279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is known to be a promising treatment for resistant depression, which acts via the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system in the infralimbic prefrontal cortex (ILPFC). Previous study revealed that dysfunction of brain 5-HT homeostasis is related to a valproate (VPA)-induced rat autism spectrum disorder (ASD) model. Whether ILPFC DBS rescues deficits in VPA-induced offspring through the 5-HT system is not known. Using VPA-induced offspring, we therefore explored the effect of DBS in autistic phenotypes and further investigated the underlying mechanism. Using combined behavioral and molecular approaches, we observed that applying DBS and 5-HT1A receptor agonist treatment with 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) reversed sociability deficits, anxiety and hyperactivity in the VPA-exposed offspring. We then administered the selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist N-[2-[4-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-2-pyridinylcyclohexanecarboxamide maleate (WAY 100635), following which the effect of DBS in terms of improving autistic behaviors was blocked in the VPA-exposed offspring. Furthermore, we found that both 8-OH-DPAT and DBS treatment rescued autistic behaviors by decreasing the expressions of NR2B subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and the β₃ subunit of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAAR) in the PFC region. These results provided the first evidence of characteristic behavioral changes in VPA-induced offspring caused by DBS via the 5-HT system in the ILPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Fang Wu
- Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chia Chu
- Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ting Hsu
- Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Yi Lu
- Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - I-Tuan Chen
- Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
- Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Ching Lin
- Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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Gasull-Camós J, Martínez-Torres S, Tarrés-Gatius M, Ozaita A, Artigas F, Castañé A. Serotonergic mechanisms involved in antidepressant-like responses evoked by GLT-1 blockade in rat infralimbic cortex. Neuropharmacology 2018; 139:41-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Recent insights into antidepressant therapy: Distinct pathways and potential common mechanisms in the treatment of depressive syndromes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 88:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dandekar MP, Fenoy AJ, Carvalho AF, Soares JC, Quevedo J. Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: an integrative review of preclinical and clinical findings and translational implications. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1094-1112. [PMID: 29483673 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2018.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment choice for Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor and movement disorders, its effectiveness for the management of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains unclear. Herein, we conducted an integrative review on major neuroanatomical targets of DBS pursued for the treatment of intractable TRD. The aim of this review article is to provide a critical discussion of possible underlying mechanisms for DBS-generated antidepressant effects identified in preclinical studies and clinical trials, and to determine which brain target(s) elicited the most promising outcomes considering acute and maintenance treatment of TRD. Major electronic databases were searched to identify preclinical and clinical studies that have investigated the effects of DBS on depression-related outcomes. Overall, 92 references met inclusion criteria, and have evaluated six unique DBS targets namely the subcallosal cingulate gyrus (SCG), nucleus accumbens (NAc), ventral capsule/ventral striatum or anterior limb of internal capsule (ALIC), medial forebrain bundle (MFB), lateral habenula (LHb) and inferior thalamic peduncle for the treatment of unrelenting TRD. Electrical stimulation of these pertinent brain regions displayed differential effects on mood transition in patients with TRD. In addition, 47 unique references provided preclinical evidence for putative neurobiological mechanisms underlying antidepressant effects of DBS applied to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, NAc, MFB, LHb and subthalamic nucleus. Preclinical studies suggest that stimulation parameters and neuroanatomical locations could influence DBS-related antidepressant effects, and also pointed that modulatory effects on monoamine neurotransmitters in target regions or interconnected brain networks following DBS could have a role in the antidepressant effects of DBS. Among several neuromodulatory targets that have been investigated, DBS in the neuroanatomical framework of the SCG, ALIC and MFB yielded more consistent antidepressant response rates in samples with TRD. Nevertheless, more well-designed randomized double-blind, controlled trials are warranted to further assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of these more promising DBS targets for the management of TRD as therapeutic effects have been inconsistent across some controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Dandekar
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - A J Fenoy
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - A F Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - J C Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
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High-frequency stimulation of the infralimbic cortex, following behavioral suppression of PTSD-like symptoms, prevents symptom relapse in mice. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:913-920. [PMID: 29678443 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously demonstrated, in mice, that antidepressant treatment can prevent relapse of PTSD-like behaviors (avoidance, hyperarousal, and anxiety) through increased activation in the infralimbic cortex (IL) of the medial prefrontal cortex. OBJECTIVE Here, we examined whether direct high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the IL, provoking its heightened activation (i.e., long-term potentiation, LTP), would also prevent the return of PTSD-like symptoms. METHODS A 1.5-mA foot-shock was used to generate PTSD-like symptoms in Swiss mice. In Experiment 1, local field potentials were recorded in the IL to test whether normal IL LTP can be induced after the suppression of PTSD-like symptoms. In Experiment 2, IL HFS was applied after symptom suppression, but prior to the provocation of relapse, to test HFS effect on symptom return. RESULTS We observed that PTSD-like state was associated with impairment in IL HFS-induced IL LTP. However, IL LTP induction was near normal when PTSD-like symptoms were suppressed. We then found that IL HFS, applied after symptom suppression, prevented symptom return. CONCLUSIONS Increased activation of the IL may be a key mechanism preventing PTSD relapse. Prefrontal cortex deep brain stimulation may, therefore, be relevant for preventing PTSD symptom return in remitted high-risk patients.
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Artigas F, Celada P, Bortolozzi A. Can we increase the speed and efficacy of antidepressant treatments? Part II. Glutamatergic and RNA interference strategies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29525411 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the second part we focus on two treatment strategies that may overcome the main limitations of current antidepressant drugs. First, we review the experimental and clinical evidence supporting the use of glutamatergic drugs as fast-acting antidepressants. Secondly, we review the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and the use of small RNAs (e.g.., small interfering RNAs or siRNAs) to knockdown genes in monoaminergic and non-monoaminergic neurons and induce antidepressant-like responses in experimental animals. The development of glutamatergic agents is a promising venue for antidepressant drug development, given the antidepressant properties of the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine. Its unique properties appear to result from the activation of AMPA receptors by a metabolite [(2S,6S;2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK)] and mTOR signaling. These effects increase synaptogenesis in prefrontal cortical pyramidal neurons and enhance serotonergic neurotransmission via descending inputs to the raphe nuclei. This view is supported by the cancellation of ketamine's antidepressant-like effects by inhibition of serotonin synthesis. We also review existing evidence supporting the involvement of miRNAs in MDD and the preclinical use of RNA interference (RNAi) strategies to target genes involved in antidepressant response. Many miRNAs have been associated to MDD, some of which e.g., miR-135 targets genes involved in antidepressant actions. Likewise, SSRI-conjugated siRNA evokes faster and/or more effective antidepressant-like responses. Intranasal application of sertraline-conjugated siRNAs directed to 5-HT1A receptors and SERT evoked much faster changes of pre- and postsynaptic antidepressant markers than those produced by fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Artigas
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigació Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental), Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain.
| | - P Celada
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigació Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental), Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain
| | - A Bortolozzi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigació Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental), Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain
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Volle J, Bregman T, Scott B, Diwan M, Raymond R, Fletcher PJ, Nobrega JN, Hamani C. Deep brain stimulation and fluoxetine exert different long-term changes in the serotonergic system. Neuropharmacology 2018; 135:63-72. [PMID: 29505786 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Both selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) deep brain stimulation (DBS) modulate serotonergic activity. We compared the acute (1 day) and long-term (12 days) effects of vmPFC stimulation and fluoxetine on serotonin (5-HT) release and receptor expression in rats. Samples to measure serotonin levels were collected from the hippocampus using microdialysis. Serotonin transporter (SERT), 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B mRNA were measured using in situ hybridization. [3H]8-OH-DPAT and [125I]cyanopindolol autoradiography were used to measure 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B binding. Our results show that after fluoxetine injections serotonin levels were approximately 150% higher than at baseline. Twelve days later, pre-injection 5-HT extracellular concentration was substantially higher than on day 1. In contrast, serotonin levels following DBS were only 50% higher than at baseline. While pre-stimulation 5-HT on day 12 was significantly higher than on treatment day 1, no stimulation-induced 5-HT peak was recorded. SERT expression in the dorsal raphe was increased after acute fluoxetine and decreased following a single day of DBS. Neither fluoxetine nor DBS administered acutely substantially changed 5-HT1A or 5-HT1B binding. Chronic fluoxetine treatment, however, was associated with a decrease in [3H]8-OH-DPAT prefrontal cortex and hippocampus expression. In contrast, chronic DBS induced a significant increase in [125I]cyanopindolol binding in the prefrontal cortex, globus pallidus, substantia nigra and raphe nuclei. mRNA expression of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B in raphe nuclei was not altered by either treatment. These results suggest that fluoxetine and DBS modulate activity of the serotonergic system but likely exert their effects through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Volle
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Tatiana Bregman
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Brian Scott
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Mustansir Diwan
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Roger Raymond
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Paul J Fletcher
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Biopsychology Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - José N Nobrega
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Harqauil Neuromodulation Centre, Hurvitz Brain Science Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
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Ramirez-Mahaluf JP, Roxin A, Mayberg HS, Compte A. A Computational Model of Major Depression: the Role of Glutamate Dysfunction on Cingulo-Frontal Network Dynamics. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:660-679. [PMID: 26514163 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depression disease (MDD) is associated with the dysfunction of multinode brain networks. However, converging evidence implicates the reciprocal interaction between midline limbic regions (typified by the ventral anterior cingulate cortex, vACC) and the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), reflecting interactions between emotions and cognition. Furthermore, growing evidence suggests a role for abnormal glutamate metabolism in the vACC, while serotonergic treatments (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, SSRI) effective for many patients implicate the serotonin system. Currently, no mechanistic framework describes how network dynamics, glutamate, and serotonin interact to explain MDD symptoms and treatments. Here, we built a biophysical computational model of 2 areas (vACC and dlPFC) that can switch between emotional and cognitive processing. MDD networks were simulated by slowing glutamate decay in vACC and demonstrated sustained vACC activation. This hyperactivity was not suppressed by concurrent dlPFC activation and interfered with expected dlPFC responses to cognitive signals, mimicking cognitive dysfunction seen in MDD. Simulation of clinical treatments (SSRI or deep brain stimulation) counteracted this aberrant vACC activity. Theta and beta/gamma oscillations correlated with network function, representing markers of switch-like operation in the network. The model shows how glutamate dysregulation can cause aberrant brain dynamics, respond to treatments, and be reflected in EEG rhythms as biomarkers of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Roxin
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Albert Compte
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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Latagliata EC, Puglisi-Allegra S, Ventura R, Cabib S. Norepinephrine in the Medial Pre-frontal Cortex Supports Accumbens Shell Responses to a Novel Palatable Food in Food-Restricted Mice Only. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:7. [PMID: 29434542 PMCID: PMC5790961 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous findings from this laboratory demonstrate: (1) that different classes of addictive drugs require intact norepinephrine (NE) transmission in the medial pre Frontal Cortex (mpFC) to promote conditioned place preference and to increase dopamine (DA) tone in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAc Shell); (2) that only food-restricted mice require intact NE transmission in the mpFC to develop conditioned preference for a context associated with milk chocolate; and (3) that food-restricted mice show a significantly larger increase of mpFC NE outflow then free fed mice when experiencing the palatable food for the first time. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that only the high levels of frontal cortical NE elicited by the natural reward in food restricted mice stimulate mesoaccumbens DA transmission. To this aim we investigated the ability of a first experience with milk chocolate to increase DA outflow in the accumbens Shell and c-fos expression in striatal and limbic areas of food–restricted and ad-libitum fed mice. Moreover, we tested the effects of a selective depletion of frontal cortical NE on both responses in either feeding group. Only in food-restricted mice milk chocolate induced an increase of DA outflow beyond baseline in the accumbens Shell and a c-fos expression larger than that promoted by a novel inedible object in the nucleus accumbens. Moreover, depletion of frontal cortical NE selectively prevented both the increase of DA outflow and the large expression of c-fos promoted by milk chocolate in the NAc Shell of food-restricted mice. These findings support the conclusion that in food-restricted mice a novel palatable food activates the motivational circuit engaged by addictive drugs and support the development of noradrenergic pharmacology of motivational disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Puglisi-Allegra
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Daniel Bovet Department of Psychology and Center, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Ventura
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Daniel Bovet Department of Psychology and Center, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Cabib
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Daniel Bovet Department of Psychology and Center, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Torres-Sanchez S, Perez-Caballero L, Mico JA, Celada P, Berrocoso E. Effect of Deep Brain Stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex on the noradrenergic system in rats. Brain Stimul 2017; 11:222-230. [PMID: 29074339 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the subgenual cingulate cortex (SCC) is a promising therapeutic alternative to treat resistant major depressive disorder. In preclinical studies, DBS of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC, the rodent SCC correlate) provokes an antidepressant-like effect, along with changes in noradrenaline levels at the site of stimulation. Hence, DBS appears to activate the noradrenergic-locus coeruleus (LC) system. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vmPFC DBS on the electrical activity of noradrenergic LC neurons, cortical oscillations and coherence between both brain areas in male rats. METHODS The antidepressant-like effect of vmPFC DBS was evaluated through the forced swimming test. Tonic and evoked activity of LC neurons, LC activity of alpha2-adrenoceptors, local field potentials from LC and electrocorticogram signals were studied after DBS by electrophysiological recordings in anaesthetized rats. The effect of DBS on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), noradrenaline transporters (NAT), phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) expression in the LC were measured by western blot assays. RESULTS DBS induced an antidepressant-like effect increasing climbing behaviour in the FST that was accompanied by a robust increase of TH expression in the rat LC. The tonic and evoked activity of LC neurons was enhanced by DBS, which impaired alpha2-adrenoceptors activity. DBS also promoted an increase in slow LC oscillations, as well as a shift in LC-cortical coherence. CONCLUSION DBS of the vmPFC appears to affect the LC, producing changes that may underlie its antidepressant-like effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Torres-Sanchez
- Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; CIBER of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Laura Perez-Caballero
- CIBER of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan A Mico
- CIBER of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pau Celada
- CIBER of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona IIBB-CSIC, Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- CIBER of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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Deep brain stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle elevates striatal dopamine concentration without affecting spontaneous or reward-induced phasic release. Neuroscience 2017; 364:82-92. [PMID: 28918253 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) induces rapid improvement of depressive symptoms in patients suffering from treatment-refractory major depressive disorder (MDD). It has been hypothesized that activation of the dopamine (DA) system contributes to this effect. To investigate whether DBS in the MFB affects DA release in the striatum, we combined DBS with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in freely moving rats. Animals were implanted with a stimulating electrode at the border of the MFB and the ventral tegmental area, and a FSCV microelectrode in the ventromedial striatum to monitor extracellular DA during the acute onset of DBS and subsequent continued stimulation. DBS onset induced a significant increase in extracellular DA concentration in the ventromedial striatum that was sustained for at least 40s. However, continued DBS did not affect amplitude or frequency of so-called spontaneous phasic DA transients, nor phasic DA release in response to the delivery of unexpected food pellets. These findings suggest that effects of DBS in the MFB are mediated by an acute change in extracellular DA concentration, but more research is needed to further explore the potentially sustained duration of this effect. Together, our results provide both support and refinement of the hypothesis that MFB DBS activates the DA system: DBS induces an increase in overall ambient concentration of DA, but spontaneous or reward-associated more rapid, phasic DA dynamics are not enhanced. This knowledge improves our understanding of how DBS affects brain function and may help improve future therapies for depressive symptoms.
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SIRT2 inhibition modulate glutamate and serotonin systems in the prefrontal cortex and induces antidepressant-like action. Neuropharmacology 2017; 117:195-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Minami C, Shimizu T, Mitani A. Neural activity in the prelimbic and infralimbic cortices of freely moving rats during social interaction: Effect of isolation rearing. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176740. [PMID: 28459875 PMCID: PMC5411063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sociability promotes a sound daily life for individuals. Reduced sociability is a central symptom of various neuropsychiatric disorders, and yet the neural mechanisms underlying reduced sociability remain unclear. The prelimbic cortex (PL) and infralimbic cortex (IL) have been suggested to play an important role in the neural mechanisms underlying sociability because isolation rearing in rats results in impairment of social behavior and structural changes in the PL and IL. One possible mechanism underlying reduced sociability involves dysfunction of the PL and IL. We made a wireless telemetry system to record multiunit activity in the PL and IL of pairs of freely moving rats during social interaction and examined the influence of isolation rearing on this activity. In group-reared rats, PL neurons increased firing when the rat showed approaching behavior and also contact behavior, especially when the rat attacked the partner. Conversely, IL neurons increased firing when the rat exhibited leaving behavior, especially when the partner left on its own accord. In social interaction, the PL may be involved in active actions toward others, whereas the IL may be involved in passive relief from cautionary subjects. Isolation rearing altered social behavior and neural activity. Isolation-reared rats showed an increased frequency and decreased duration of contact behavior. The increased firing of PL neurons during approaching and contact behavior, observed in group-reared rats, was preserved in isolation-reared rats, whereas the increased firing of IL neurons during leaving behavior, observed in group-reared rats, was suppressed in isolation-reared rats. This result indicates that isolation rearing differentially alters neural activity in the PL and IL during social behavior. The differential influence of isolation rearing on neural activity in the PL and IL may be one of the neural bases of isolation rearing-induced behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Minami
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shimizu
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Mitani
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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