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Munyeku-Bazitama Y, Okitale-Talunda P, Nsio-Mbeta J, Mpingabo-Ilunga P, Tshiminyi-Munkamba P, Umba-Phuati A, Kimfuta J, Ango-Phukuta F, Makindu G, Mufwaya-Nsene R, Asari R, Makimoto S, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Isono M, Makiala-Mandanda S, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ. Knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perception of COVID-19 preventive measures among adult residents of Matadi (Democratic Republic of the Congo) after the third epidemic wave. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1363717. [PMID: 39005989 PMCID: PMC11239358 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1363717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Several governments from African countries, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), implemented stringent public health measures to curb COVID-19 transmission in the early phases of the pandemic. While these restrictive measures are believed to have contributed to lowering case incidence and related mortality in DRC, data on the population's knowledge and adherence are limited. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, attitudes, and practices of COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors among adult residents of Matadi, thereby generating evidence for a strategy adjustment as the COVID-19 response is transitioning from emergency to control status. Methods We used data from a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in October 2021. Consenting participants were enrolled through a multi-stage cluster sampling approach and administered a pre-tested structured questionnaire using a mobile application (Epicollect 5). We analyzed adult participants' data using STATA 15.1. Univariable and multivariable analyses were applied to identify factors associated with good knowledge, good perception, positive attitude and good practice. Results We included 1,269 adult respondents for the secondary analysis. One respondent in six was female. The median age was 36 years (IQR 24-50). Most respondents (76.5%) had good knowledge. Respondents aged 40-49 years and those with vocational education level were 1.7 time (AOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.07-2.87) and twice as likely (AOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.01-4.21) to have good knowledge. Preventive measures were perceived as efficient by 45% of respondents. Good perception was associated with education level, profession, average household monthly income and good knowledge. Only 40% of respondents had a positive attitude. A positive attitude was associated with age, education level, and good knowledge. Respondents having good practice represented 5.8%. Good practice was associated with good knowledge, attitude and perception. Conclusion Most respondents were knowledgeable, had a good perception of government-related COVID-19 preventive measures, a moderately positive attitude and an extremely low level of good practice. Current COVID-19 preventive strategies, including vaccination rollout, need adjustment into high-efficiency, context-based and risk group-specific interventions. Evidence generated by this study will improve preparedness and response to future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Munyeku-Bazitama
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Patient Okitale-Talunda
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Justus Nsio-Mbeta
- Direction de Surveillance Epidémiologique, Ministère de la Santé, Hygiène et Prévention, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Patrick Mpingabo-Ilunga
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Paul Tshiminyi-Munkamba
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Aimé Umba-Phuati
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jacques Kimfuta
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ferdinand Ango-Phukuta
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Goethe Makindu
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Ryoko Asari
- Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan
- Departments of Virology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Steve Ahuka-Mundeke
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mitsuo Isono
- Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sheila Makiala-Mandanda
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Madinga J, Mbala-Kingebeni P, Nkuba-Ndaye A, Baketana-Kinzonzi L, Matungulu-Biyala E, Mutombo-Lupola P, Seghers CA, Smekens T, Ariën KK, Van Damme W, Kalk A, Peeters M, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Vanlerberghe V. COVID-19 seroprevalence cohort survey among health care workers and their household members in Kinshasa, DR Congo, 2020-2022. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:74. [PMID: 38824595 PMCID: PMC11144309 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serological surveys offer the most direct measurement to define the immunity status for numerous infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, and can provide valuable insights into understanding transmission patterns. This study describes seroprevalence changes over time in the context of the Democratic Republic of Congo, where COVID-19 case presentation was apparently largely oligo- or asymptomatic, and vaccination coverage remained extremely low. METHODS A cohort of 635 health care workers (HCW) from 5 health zones of Kinshasa and 670 of their household members was interviewed and sampled in 6 rounds between July 2020 and January 2022. At each round, information on risk exposure and a blood sample were collected. Serology was defined as positive when binding antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins were simultaneously present. RESULTS The SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence was high at baseline, 17.3% (95% CI 14.4-20.6) and 7.8% (95% CI 5.5-10.8) for HCW and household members, respectively, and fluctuated over time, between 9% and 62.1%. Seropositivity was heterogeneously distributed over the health zones (p < 0.001), ranging from 12.5% (95% CI 6.6-20.8) in N'djili to 33.7% (95% CI 24.6-43.8) in Bandalungwa at baseline for HCW. Seropositivity was associated with increasing rounds adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 1.75 (95% CI 1.66-1.85), with increasing age aOR 1.11 (95% CI 1.02-1.20), being a female aOR 1.35 (95% CI 1.10-1.66) and being a HCW aOR 2.38 (95% CI 1.80-3.14). There was no evidence that HCW brought the COVID-19 infection back home, with an aOR of 0.64 (95% CI 0.46-0.91) of seropositivity risk among household members in subsequent surveys. There was seroreversion and seroconversion over time, and HCW had a lower risk of seroreverting than household members (aOR 0.60 (95% CI 0.42-0.86)). CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels were high and dynamic over time in this African setting with low clinical case rates. The absence of association with health profession or general risk behaviors and with HCW positivity in subsequent rounds in HH members, shows the importance of the time-dependent, and not work-related, force of infection. Cohort seroprevalence estimates in a 'new disease' epidemic seem insufficient to guide policy makers for defining control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joule Madinga
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kikwit, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Placide Mbala-Kingebeni
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale & Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Antoine Nkuba-Ndaye
- Virology Unit, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Leonel Baketana-Kinzonzi
- Virology Unit, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Elysé Matungulu-Biyala
- Virology Unit, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Patrick Mutombo-Lupola
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Tom Smekens
- Public Health Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kevin K Ariën
- Virology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Damme
- Public Health Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andreas Kalk
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Bonn, Germany
| | - Martine Peeters
- Unit Trans VIHMI, University of Montpellier, IRD/INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Steve Ahuka-Mundeke
- Virology Unit, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale & Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum
- Virology Unit, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale & Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Veerle Vanlerberghe
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Unit, Public Health Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
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de Aguirre PM, Carlos S, Pina-Sánchez M, Mbikayi S, Burgueño E, Tendobi C, Chiva L, Holguín Á, Reina G. High pre-Delta and early-Omicron SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence detected in dried blood samples from Kinshasa (D.R. Congo). J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29529. [PMID: 38516764 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Studies on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa have yielded varying results, although authors universally agree the real burden surpasses reported cases. The primary objective of this study was to determine SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among patients attending Monkole Hospital in Kinshasa (D.R. Congo). The secondary objective was to evaluate the analytic performance of two chemiluminescence platforms: Elecsys® (Roche) and VirClia® (Vircell) on dried blood spot samples (DBS). The study population (N = 373) was recruited in two stages: a mid-2021 blood donor cohort (15.5% women) and a mid-2022 women cohort. Crude global seroprevalence was 61% (53.9%-67.8%) pre-Delta in 2021 and 90.2% (84.7%-94.2%) post-Omicron in 2022. Anti-spike (S) antibody levels significantly increased from 53.1 (31.8-131.3) U/mL in 2021 to 436.5 (219.3-950.5) U/mL in 2022 and were significantly higher above 45 years old in the 2022 population. Both platforms showed good analytic performance on DBS samples: sensitivity was 96.8% for IgG (antiN/S) (93.9%-98.5%) and 96.0% (93.0%-98.0%) for anti-S quantification. These results provide additional support for the notion that exposure to SARS-CoV-2 is more widespread than indicated by case-based surveillance and will be able to guide the pandemic response and strategy moving forward. Likewise, this study contributes evidence to the reliability of DBS as a tool for serological testing and diagnosis in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Carlos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Irunlarrea, 3, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Samclide Mbikayi
- Centre Hospitalier Monkole, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Eduardo Burgueño
- Centre Hospitalier Monkole, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Céline Tendobi
- Centre Hospitalier Monkole, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Luis Chiva
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - África Holguín
- Laboratorio Epidemiología Molecular VIH-1, Hospital Ramón y Cajal -IRYCIS y CIBERESP-RITIP, Madrid, Spain
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Makonokaya L, Kapanda L, Maphosa T, Kalitera LU, Machekano R, Nkhoma H, Chamanga R, Zimba SB, Mwale AC, Maida A, Woelk G. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine receipt among mobile phone users in Malawi: Findings from a national mobile-based syndromic surveillance survey, July 2021-April 2022. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002722. [PMID: 38206893 PMCID: PMC10783752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Malawi recommended COVID-19 vaccines for adults aged ≥18 years in March 2021. We assessed factors associated with receiving COVID-19 vaccines in Malawi as part of a telephone-based syndromic surveillance survey. We conducted telephone-based syndromic surveillance surveys with questions on COVID-19 vaccine receipt among adults (≥18 years old) upon verbal consent from July 2021 to April 2022. We used random digit dialing to select mobile phone numbers and employed electronic data collection forms on secure tablets. Survey questions included whether the respondent had received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. We used multivariable analysis to identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine receipt. Of the 51,577 participants enrolled; 65.7% were male. Males were less likely to receive the COVID-19 vaccine than females (AOR 0.83, 95% CI 0.80-0.86). Compared to those aged 18-24 years, older age had increased odds of vaccine receipt: 25-34 years (AOR 1.32, 95% CI 1.24-1.40), 35-44 years (AOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.88-2.13), 45-54 years (AOR 3.02, 95% CI 2.82-3.24), 55-64 years (AOR 3.24, 95% CI 2.93-3.57) and 65 years+ (AOR 3.98, 95% CI 3.52-4.49). Respondents without formal education were less likely to receive vaccination compared to those with primary (AOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.14-1.48), secondary (AOR 1.76, 95% CI 1.55-2.01), and tertiary (AOR 3.37, 95% CI 2.95-3.86) education. Respondents who thought COVID-19 vaccines were unsafe were less likely to receive vaccination than those who thought it was very safe (AOR 0.26, 95% CI 0.25-0.28). Residents of the Central and Southern regions had reduced odds of vaccine receipt compared to those in the North (AORs 0.79, (95% CI 0.74-0.84) and 0.55, (95% CI 0.52-0.58) respectively). Radio (72.6%), health facilities (52.1%), and social media (16.0%) were the more common self-reported sources of COVID-19 vaccine information. COVID-19 vaccine receipt is associated with gender, age, education, and residence. It is important to consider these factors when implementing COVID-19 vaccination programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lester Kapanda
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Thulani Maphosa
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - Rhoderick Machekano
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Harrid Nkhoma
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Rachel Chamanga
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Suzgo B. Zimba
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - Alice Maida
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Godfrey Woelk
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Washington, DC, United States of America
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Diarra YM, Wimba PM, Katchunga PB, Bengehya J, Miganda B, Oyimangirwe M, Tshilolo L, Ahuka SM, Iwaz J, Étard JF, Écochard R, Vanhems P, Rabilloud M. Estimating the number of probable new SARS-CoV-2 infections among tested subjects from the number of confirmed cases. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:272. [PMID: 37978439 PMCID: PMC10655282 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-02077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In most African countries, confirmed COVID-19 case counts underestimate the number of new SARS-CoV-2 infection cases. We propose a multiplying factor to approximate the number of biologically probable new infections from the number of confirmed cases. METHODS Each of the first thousand suspect (or alert) cases recorded in South Kivu (DRC) between 29 March and 29 November 2020 underwent a RT-PCR test and an IgM and IgG serology. A latent class model and a Bayesian inference method were used to estimate (i) the incidence proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infection using RT-PCR and IgM test results, (ii) the prevalence using RT-PCR, IgM and IgG test results; and, (iii) the multiplying factor (ratio of the incidence proportion on the proportion of confirmed -RT-PCR+- cases). RESULTS Among 933 alert cases with complete data, 218 (23%) were RT-PCR+; 434 (47%) IgM+; 464 (~ 50%) RT-PCR+, IgM+, or both; and 647 (69%) either IgG + or IgM+. The incidence proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infection was estimated at 58% (95% credibility interval: 51.8-64), its prevalence at 72.83% (65.68-77.89), and the multiplying factor at 2.42 (1.95-3.01). CONCLUSIONS In monitoring the pandemic dynamics, the number of biologically probable cases is also useful. The multiplying factor helps approximating it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Diarra
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
- Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Pôle Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Équipe Biostatistique-Santé, CNRS UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - P M Wimba
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Université Officielle de Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Bukavu, Congo
- Cliniques Universitaires de Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Bukavu, Congo
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111-CNRS UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - P B Katchunga
- Université Officielle de Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Bukavu, Congo
- Cliniques Universitaires de Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Bukavu, Congo
| | - J Bengehya
- Université Officielle de Mbujimayi (UOM), Mbuji-Mayi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - B Miganda
- Bureau Information Sanitaire, Division provinciale de la Santé Sud-Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Bukavu, Congo
| | - M Oyimangirwe
- Université Officielle de Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Bukavu, Congo
| | - L Tshilolo
- Université Officielle de Mbujimayi (UOM), Mbuji-Mayi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - S M Ahuka
- Department of Virology, National Institute for Biomedical Research (INRB), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kinshasa, Congo
- Service of Microbiology, Department of Medical Biology, Kinshasa teaching School of Medecine, Faculty of Medecine, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kinshasa, Congo
| | - J Iwaz
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Pôle Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Équipe Biostatistique-Santé, CNRS UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | - J F Étard
- IRD UMI 233, INSERM U1175, Université de Montpellier, Unité TransVIHMI, Montpellier, France
- EpiGreen, Paris, France
| | - R Écochard
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Pôle Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Équipe Biostatistique-Santé, CNRS UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | - P Vanhems
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Équipe Biostatistique-Santé, CNRS UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111-CNRS UMR 5308, Lyon, France
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Infectiovigilance et Prévention, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Épidémiologie, Lyon, France
| | - M Rabilloud
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Pôle Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Équipe Biostatistique-Santé, CNRS UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France
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Mitangala PN, Irenge LM, Musubao ET, Kahindo JBM, Ayonga PN, Kyembwa Safari I, Kubuya JB, Ntabe EN, Kabangwa Senga RK, Mutombo GN, Ambroise J, Gala JL. Prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in people attending the two main Goma markets in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 151:e167. [PMID: 37724000 PMCID: PMC10600894 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823001498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) officially reports low coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) prevalence. This cross-sectional study, conducted between September and November 2021, assessed the COVID-19 seroprevalence in people attending Goma's two largest markets, Kituku and Virunga. A similar study in a slum of Bukavu overlapped for 1 month using identical methods. COVID-19-unvaccinated participants (n = 796 including 454 vendors and 342 customers, 60% of whom were women) were surveyed. The median age of vendors and customers was 34.2 and 30.1 years, respectively. The crude and adjusted anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence rates were 70.2% (95% CI 66.9-73.4%) and 98.8% (95% CI 94.1-100%), respectively, with no difference between vendors and customers. COVID-19 symptoms reported by survey participants in the previous 6 months were mild or absent in 58.9% and 41.1% of participants with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, respectively. No COVID-19-seropositive participants reported hospitalisation in the last 6 months. These findings are consistent with those reported in Bukavu. They confirm that SARS-CoV-2 spread without causing severe symptoms in densely populated settlements and markets and suggest that many COVID-19 cases went unreported. Based on these results, the relevance of an untargeted hypothetical vaccination programme in these communities should be questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prudence Ndeba Mitangala
- Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Université Officielle de Ruwenzori, Butembo, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Leonid M. Irenge
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | | | | | - Patrick Ndeba Ayonga
- Département des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Guy Ndongala Mutombo
- Division Provinciale de la Santé du Nord Kivu, Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jérôme Ambroise
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Gala
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
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Manirakiza A, Malaka C, Longo JDD, Yambiyo BM, Diemer SCH, Namseneï J, Coti-Reckoundji CSG, Bouhouda M, Belizaire MRD, Roungou JB, Komas NP, Grésenguet G, Vernet G, Vernet MA, Nakoune E. Sero-prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among communities between July and August 2022 in Bangui, Central African Republic. J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2315. [PMID: 37753434 PMCID: PMC10519115 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Large-scale population-based seroprevalence studies of SARS-CoV-2 are essential to characterize the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to extrapolate the prevalence of presumptive immunity at the population level. Objective. The objective of our survey was to estimate the cumulative population immunity for COVID-19 and to identify individual characteristics associated with positive serostatus. Materials and Methods This was a clustered cross-sectional study conducted from July 12 to August 20, 2021, in households in the city of Bangui, the capital of the Central African Republic. Information regarding demographic characteristics (age, gender, and place of residence), and comorbidities (chronic diseases) was collected. A venous blood sample was obtained from each participant to determine the level of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using a WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA kit. Results All up, 799 participants were surveyed. The average age was 27 years, and 45.8% of the respondents were male (sex ratio: 0.8). The overall proportion of respondents with positive serostatus was 74.1%. Participants over 20 years of age were twice as likely to have positive serostatus, with an OR of 2.2 [95% CI: (1.6, 3.1)]. Conclusions The results of this survey revealed a high cumulative level of immunity in Bangui, thus indicating a significant degree of spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the population. The public health implications of this immunity to SARS-CoV-2 such as the post-vaccination total antibody kinetics remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Manirakiza
- Institut Pasteur of Bangui, Pasteur International Network
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université of Bangui
| | | | - Jean de Dieu Longo
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université of Bangui
- Ministère de la Santé et de la Population
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Narcisse Patrice Komas
- Institut Pasteur of Bangui, Pasteur International Network
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université of Bangui
| | | | - Guy Vernet
- Institut Pasteur of Bangui, Pasteur International Network
| | | | - Emmanuel Nakoune
- Institut Pasteur of Bangui, Pasteur International Network
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université of Bangui
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Diallo MSK, Amougou-Atsama M, Ayouba A, Kpamou C, Mimbe Taze ED, Thaurignac G, Diallo H, Lamare NB, Bouillin J, Soumah AK, Noah SA, Guichet E, Keita AK, Varloteaux M, Peeters M, Bissek ACZK, Toure A, Delaporte E, Kouanfack C. Large Diffusion of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 After the Successive Epidemiological Waves, Including Omicron, in Guinea and Cameroon: Implications for Vaccine Strategies. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad216. [PMID: 37152188 PMCID: PMC10157752 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to estimate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence among the general population in Conakry, Guinea and Yaounde, Cameroon after the coronavirus disease 2019 Omicron wave. Methods We conducted population-based, age-stratified seroprevalence surveys in Conakry and Yaounde (May and June 2022). We collected demographic and epidemiologic information and dried blood spot samples that were tested for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using recombinant nucleocapsid and spike proteins with Luminex technology. Results Samples were obtained from 1386 and 1425 participants in Guinea and Cameroon, respectively. The overall age-standardized SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence against spike and nucleocapsid proteins was 71.57% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67.48%-75.33%) in Guinea and 74.71% (95% CI, 71.99%-77.25%) in Cameroon. Seroprevalence increased significantly with age categories. Female participants were more likely than male participants to be seropositive. The seroprevalence in unvaccinated participants was 69.6% (95% CI, 65.5%-73.41%) in Guinea and 74.8% (95% CI, 72.04%-77.38%) in Cameroon. In multivariate analysis, only age, sex, and education were independently associated with seropositivity. Conclusions These findings show a high community transmission after the different epidemiological waves including Omicron, especially among people aged >40 years. In addition, our results suggest that the spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been underestimated as a significant proportion of the population has already contracted the virus and that vaccine strategies should focus on vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou Saliou Kalifa Diallo
- Correspondence: Mamadou Saliou Kalifa Diallo, MD, TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34934 Montpellier, France (); Eric Delaporte, MD, TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Montpellier, France ()
| | - Marie Amougou-Atsama
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Ahidjo Ayouba
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Montpellier, France
| | - Cece Kpamou
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Eric Donald Mimbe Taze
- French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Infectious Diseases, Cameroon Site, Central Hospital of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Guillaume Thaurignac
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Montpellier, France
| | - Haby Diallo
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Nadine Boutgam Lamare
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Julie Bouillin
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Montpellier, France
| | - Abdoul Karim Soumah
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Sébastien Awono Noah
- French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Infectious Diseases, Cameroon Site, Central Hospital of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Emilande Guichet
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Montpellier, France
| | - Alpha Kabinet Keita
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Varloteaux
- French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Infectious Diseases, Cameroon Site, Central Hospital of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Martine Peeters
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kanyi Bissek
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Division of Operational Research in Health, Ministry of Public Health of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Eric Delaporte
- Correspondence: Mamadou Saliou Kalifa Diallo, MD, TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34934 Montpellier, France (); Eric Delaporte, MD, TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Montpellier, France ()
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9
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Cissoko M, Landier J, Kouriba B, Sangare AK, Katilé A, Djimde AA, Berthé I, Traore S, Thera I, Hadiata M, Sogodogo E, Coulibaly K, Guindo A, Dembele O, Sanogo S, Doumbia Z, Dara C, Altmann M, Bonnet E, Balique H, Sagaon-Teyssier L, Vidal L, Sagara I, Bendiane MK, Gaudart J. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and living conditions in Bamako (Mali): a cross-sectional multistage household survey after the first epidemic wave, 2020. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067124. [PMID: 37080622 PMCID: PMC10123860 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In low-income settings with limited access to diagnosis, COVID-19 information is scarce. In September 2020, after the first COVID-19 wave, Mali reported 3086 confirmed cases and 130 deaths. Most reports originated from Bamako, with 1532 cases and 81 deaths (2.42 million inhabitants). This observed prevalence of 0.06% appeared very low. Our objective was to estimate SARS-CoV-2 infection among inhabitants of Bamako, after the first epidemic wave. We assessed demographic, social and living conditions, health behaviours and knowledges associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. SETTINGS We conducted a cross-sectional multistage household survey during September 2020, in three neighbourhoods of the commune VI (Bamako), where 30% of the cases were reported. PARTICIPANTS We recruited 1526 inhabitants in 3 areas, that is, 306 households, and 1327 serological results (≥1 years), 220 household questionnaires and collected answers for 962 participants (≥12 years). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES We measured serological status, detecting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies in blood sampled. We documented housing conditions and individual health behaviours through questionnaires among participants. We estimated the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections and deaths in the population of Bamako using the age and sex distributions. RESULTS The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was 16.4% (95% CI 15.1% to 19.1%) after adjusting on the population structure. This suggested that ~400 000 cases and ~2000 deaths could have occurred of which only 0.4% of cases and 5% of deaths were officially reported. Questionnaires analyses suggested strong agreement with washing hands but lower acceptability of movement restrictions (lockdown/curfew), and mask wearing. CONCLUSIONS The first wave of SARS-CoV-2 spread broadly in Bamako. Expected fatalities remained limited largely due to the population age structure and the low prevalence of comorbidities. Improving diagnostic capacities to encourage testing and preventive behaviours, and avoiding the spread of false information remain key pillars, regardless of the developed or developing setting. ETHICS This study was registered in the registry of the ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Bamako, Mali, under the number: 2020/162/CA/FMOS/FAPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mady Cissoko
- SESSTIM UMR1252, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, INSERM, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
- Malaria Research and Training Centre Ogobara Doumbo (MRTC-OD), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, FMOS-FAPH, Mali-NIAID-ICER, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jordi Landier
- SESSTIM UMR1252, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, INSERM, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Bourema Kouriba
- Centre d'Infectiologie Clinique Charles Mérieux, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Abdoulaye Katilé
- SESSTIM UMR1252, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, INSERM, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
- Malaria Research and Training Centre Ogobara Doumbo (MRTC-OD), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, FMOS-FAPH, Mali-NIAID-ICER, Bamako, Mali
| | - Abdoulaye A Djimde
- Malaria Research and Training Centre Ogobara Doumbo (MRTC-OD), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, FMOS-FAPH, Mali-NIAID-ICER, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ibrahima Berthé
- Malaria Research and Training Centre Ogobara Doumbo (MRTC-OD), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, FMOS-FAPH, Mali-NIAID-ICER, Bamako, Mali
- Direction générale de la santé et de l'hygiène publique du ministère de la santé et du développement social, Bamako, Mali
| | - Siriman Traore
- Malaria Research and Training Centre Ogobara Doumbo (MRTC-OD), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, FMOS-FAPH, Mali-NIAID-ICER, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ismaila Thera
- Malaria Research and Training Centre Ogobara Doumbo (MRTC-OD), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, FMOS-FAPH, Mali-NIAID-ICER, Bamako, Mali
| | - Maiga Hadiata
- Centre d'Infectiologie Clinique Charles Mérieux, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Karyn Coulibaly
- Centre d'Infectiologie Clinique Charles Mérieux, Bamako, Mali
| | - Abdoulaye Guindo
- Direction générale de la santé et de l'hygiène publique du ministère de la santé et du développement social, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ousmane Dembele
- Direction générale de la santé et de l'hygiène publique du ministère de la santé et du développement social, Bamako, Mali
| | - Souleymane Sanogo
- Direction régionale de Tombouctou et établissement public hospitalier de Tombouctou, Tombouctou, Mali
| | - Zoumana Doumbia
- Direction régionale de Tombouctou et établissement public hospitalier de Tombouctou, Tombouctou, Mali
| | - Charles Dara
- Direction régionale de Tombouctou et établissement public hospitalier de Tombouctou, Tombouctou, Mali
| | | | | | - Hubert Balique
- Direction générale de la santé et de l'hygiène publique du ministère de la santé et du développement social, Bamako, Mali
| | - Luis Sagaon-Teyssier
- SESSTIM UMR1252, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, INSERM, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
- ARCAD Santé Plus/Centre Intégré de Recherche, de Soins et d'Action Communautaire (CIRSAC), Bamako, Mali
| | - Laurent Vidal
- SESSTIM UMR1252, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, INSERM, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Issaka Sagara
- Malaria Research and Training Centre Ogobara Doumbo (MRTC-OD), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, FMOS-FAPH, Mali-NIAID-ICER, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Jean Gaudart
- SESSTIM UMR1252, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, INSERM, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
- Biostatictics & ICT, AP-HM, Marseille, France
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Seroprevalence of COVID-19 infection in a densely populated district in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 151:e24. [PMID: 36775822 PMCID: PMC9947032 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevalence in the Democratic Republic of Congo are scarce. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the slum of Kadutu, city of Bukavu, between June and September 2021. The survey participants were all unvaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. The crude seroprevalence rate was adjusted to the known characteristics of the assay. Participants aged 15-49 years old made up 80% of the population enrolled in the study (n = 507; 319 women and 188 men). The overall crude and adjusted seroprevalence rates of antibodies for COVID-19 were 59.7% (95% CI 55.4-63.9%) and 84.0% (95% CI 76.2-92.4%), respectively. This seroprevalence rate indicates widespread dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 in these communities. COVID-19 symptoms were either absent or mild in more than half of the participants with antibodies for COVID-19 and none of the participants with antibodies for COVID-19 required hospitalisation. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 spread did not appear to be associated with severe symptoms in the population of these settlements and that many cases went unreported in these densely populated locations. The relevance of vaccination in these communities should be thoroughly investigated.
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Meta Djomsi D, Lacroix A, Soumah AK, Kinganda Lusamaki E, Mesdour A, Raulino R, Esteban A, Ndong Bass I, Mba Djonzo FA, Goumou S, Ndimbo-Kimugu SP, Lempu G, Mbala Kingebeni P, Bamuleka DM, Likofata J, Muyembe Tamfum JJ, Toure A, Mpoudi Ngole E, Kouanfack C, Delaporte E, Keita AK, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Ayouba A, Peeters M. Coronaviruses Are Abundant and Genetically Diverse in West and Central African Bats, including Viruses Closely Related to Human Coronaviruses. Viruses 2023; 15:337. [PMID: 36851551 PMCID: PMC9967053 DOI: 10.3390/v15020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats are at the origin of human coronaviruses, either directly or via an intermediate host. We tested swabs from 4597 bats (897 from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 2191 from Cameroon and 1509 from Guinea) with a broadly reactive PCR in the RdRp region. Coronaviruses were detected in 903 (19.6%) bats and in all species, with more than 25 individuals tested. The highest prevalence was observed in Eidolon helvum (239/733; 39.9%) and Rhinolophus sp. (306/899; 34.1%), followed by Hipposideros sp. (61/291; 20.9%). Frugivorous bats were predominantly infected with beta coronaviruses from the Nobecovirus subgenus (93.8%), in which at least 6 species/genus-specific subclades were observed. In contrast, insectivorous bats were infected with beta-coronaviruses from different subgenera (Nobecovirus (8.5%), Hibecovirus (32.8%), Merbecovirus (0.5%) and Sarbecovirus (57.6%)) and with a high diversity of alpha-coronaviruses. Overall, our study shows a high prevalence and genetic diversity of coronaviruses in bats and illustrates that Rhinolophus bats in Africa are infected at high levels with the Sarbecovirus subgenus, to which SARS-CoV-2 belongs. It is important to characterize in more detail the different coronavirus lineages from bats for their potential to infect human cells, their evolution and to study frequency and modes of contact between humans and bats in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dowbiss Meta Djomsi
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Emergentes et Réémergentes (CREMER), Yaounde P.O. Box 1857, Cameroon
| | - Audrey Lacroix
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, INSERM, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Abdoul Karim Soumah
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Gamal Abdel Nasser University (UGANC), Conakry BP6629, Guinea
| | - Eddy Kinganda Lusamaki
- National Institute of Biomedical Research (INRB), Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Asma Mesdour
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, INSERM, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Raisa Raulino
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, INSERM, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Amandine Esteban
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, INSERM, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Innocent Ndong Bass
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Emergentes et Réémergentes (CREMER), Yaounde P.O. Box 1857, Cameroon
| | | | - Souana Goumou
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Gamal Abdel Nasser University (UGANC), Conakry BP6629, Guinea
| | | | - Guy Lempu
- National Institute of Biomedical Research (INRB), Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Placide Mbala Kingebeni
- National Institute of Biomedical Research (INRB), Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Service de Microbiologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Daniel Mukadi Bamuleka
- Service de Microbiologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jacques Likofata
- Laboratoire Provincial de Mbandaka, Mbandaka, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum
- National Institute of Biomedical Research (INRB), Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Service de Microbiologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Abdoulaye Toure
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Gamal Abdel Nasser University (UGANC), Conakry BP6629, Guinea
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques, Gamal Abdel Nasser University (UGANC), Conakry P.O. Box 1147, Guinea
| | - Eitel Mpoudi Ngole
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Emergentes et Réémergentes (CREMER), Yaounde P.O. Box 1857, Cameroon
| | - Charles Kouanfack
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Emergentes et Réémergentes (CREMER), Yaounde P.O. Box 1857, Cameroon
| | - Eric Delaporte
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, INSERM, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Alpha Kabinet Keita
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, INSERM, 34394 Montpellier, France
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Gamal Abdel Nasser University (UGANC), Conakry BP6629, Guinea
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques, Gamal Abdel Nasser University (UGANC), Conakry P.O. Box 1147, Guinea
| | - Steve Ahuka-Mundeke
- National Institute of Biomedical Research (INRB), Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Service de Microbiologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Ahidjo Ayouba
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, INSERM, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Martine Peeters
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, INSERM, 34394 Montpellier, France
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12
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Munyeku-Bazitama Y, Okitale-Talunda P, Mpingabo-Ilunga P, Yambayamba MK, Tshiminyi PM, Umba-Phuati A, Kimfuta J, Phukuta FA, Makindu G, Mufwaya-Nsene R, Asari R, Makimoto S, Baketana LK, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Isono M, Nsio-Mbeta J, Makiala-Mandanda S, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ. High Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Prevalence After the Third Epidemic Wave (May-October 2021) in Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad023. [PMID: 36726537 PMCID: PMC9887263 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background By the end of the third wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic (May-October 2021), only 3130 of the 57 268 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) were reported in Kongo Central. This province, and especially its capital city, Matadi, has essential trade and exchanges with Kinshasa, the epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic in DRC. Kinshasa accounted for 60.0% of all cases during the same period. The true burden of COVID-19 in Matadi is likely underestimated. In this study, we aimed to determine the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence and associated risk factors after the third wave in Matadi. Methods We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in October 2021. Consenting participants were interviewed and tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay commercial kit. We applied univariable and multivariable analysis to evaluate factors associated with seropositivity and adjusted the seroprevalence for the test kit performance. Results We included 2210 participants from 489 households. Female participants represented 59.1%. The median age was 27 years (interquartile range, 16-45 years). The crude SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 82.3%. Age was identified as the main risk factor as younger age decreased the seropositivity odds. Accounting for clustering at the household level increased the seroprevalence to 83.2%. The seroprevalence increased further to 88.1% (95% confidence interval, 86.2%-90.1%) after correcting for the laboratory test kit performance. Conclusions The SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was very high, contrasting with reported cases. Evidence generated from this population-based survey remains relevant in guiding the local COVID-19 response, especially vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Munyeku-Bazitama
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Patient Okitale-Talunda
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Patrick Mpingabo-Ilunga
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Marc K Yambayamba
- Département d’Epidémiologie et Biostatistiques, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Paul M Tshiminyi
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Aimé Umba-Phuati
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jacques Kimfuta
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ferdinand A Phukuta
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Goethe Makindu
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Ryoko Asari
- Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Lionel K Baketana
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Steve Ahuka-Mundeke
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mitsuo Isono
- Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Justus Nsio-Mbeta
- Direction de Surveillance Epidémiologique, Ministère de la Santé, Hygiène et Prévention, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Sheila Makiala-Mandanda
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Munyeku-Bazitama Y, Folefack GT, Yambayamba MK, Tshiminyi PM, Kazenza BM, Otshudiema JO, Guinko NT, Umba MD, Mulumba A, Baketana LK, Mukadi PK, Smith C, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Makiala-Mandanda S. High SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence after Second COVID-19 Wave (October 2020-April 2021), Democratic Republic of the Congo. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:89-97. [PMID: 36573545 PMCID: PMC9796206 DOI: 10.3201/eid2901.221009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Serologic surveys are important tools for estimating the true burden of COVID-19 in a given population. After the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections, a household-based survey conducted in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, estimated >292 infections going undiagnosed for every laboratory-confirmed case. To ascertain the cumulative population exposure in Kinshasa after the second wave of COVID-19, we conducted a prospective population-based cross-sectional study using a highly sensitive and specific ELISA kit. The survey included 2,560 consenting persons from 585 households; 55% were female and 45% male. The overall population-weighted, test kit-adjusted SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 76.5% (95% CI 74.5%-78.5%). The seroprevalence was 4-fold higher than during the first wave, and positivity was associated with age, household average monthly income, and level of education. Evidence generated from this population-based survey can inform COVID-19 response, especially vaccination campaign strategies in the context of vaccine shortages and hesitancy.
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14
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Mensah BA, Ndong IC, Quashie PK, Guichet E, Abuaku B, Effah-Baafi Y, Tapela K, Asiedu K, Appiedu-Addo SNA, Obbeng LB, Amponsah JA, Kusi KA, Ofori M, Ayouba A, Courtin D, Tahar R, Delaporte E, Awandare G, Ndam NT. Population-based sero-epidemiological investigation of the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21582. [PMID: 36517505 PMCID: PMC9748398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic devastated countries worldwide, and resulted in a global shutdown. Not all infections are symptomatic and hence the extent of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community is unknown. The paper presents the dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in the Greater Accra Metropolis, describing the evolution of seroprevalence through time and by age group. Three repeated independent population-based surveys at 6-week intervals were conducted in from November 2020 to July 2021. The global and by age-groups weighted seroprevalences were estimated and the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 antibody seropositivity were assessed using logistic regression. The overall age-standardized SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence for both spike and nucleocapsid increased from 13.8% (95% CI 11.9, 16.1) in November 2020 to 39.6% (95% CI 34.8, 44.6) in July 2021. After controlling for gender, marital status, education level, and occupation, the older age group over 40 years had a higher odds of seropositivity than the younger age group (OR 3.0 [95% CI 1.1-8.5]) in the final survey. Pupils or students had 3.3-fold increased odds of seropositivity (OR 3.2 [95% CI 1.1-8.5]) compared to the unemployed. This study reinforces that, SARS-CoV-2 infections have been significantly higher than reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignatius Cheng Ndong
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Catholic University of Cameroon, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Peter Kojo Quashie
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Emilande Guichet
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, IRD and Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Abuaku
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yaw Effah-Baafi
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kesego Tapela
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwame Asiedu
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Louisa Baaba Obbeng
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jones Amo Amponsah
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwadwo Asamoah Kusi
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michael Ofori
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ahidjo Ayouba
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, IRD and Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
| | - David Courtin
- MERIT, IRD, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Rachida Tahar
- MERIT, IRD, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Eric Delaporte
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, IRD and Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
| | - Gordon Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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15
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Sachs JD, Karim SSA, Aknin L, Allen J, Brosbøl K, Colombo F, Barron GC, Espinosa MF, Gaspar V, Gaviria A, Haines A, Hotez PJ, Koundouri P, Bascuñán FL, Lee JK, Pate MA, Ramos G, Reddy KS, Serageldin I, Thwaites J, Vike-Freiberga V, Wang C, Were MK, Xue L, Bahadur C, Bottazzi ME, Bullen C, Laryea-Adjei G, Ben Amor Y, Karadag O, Lafortune G, Torres E, Barredo L, Bartels JGE, Joshi N, Hellard M, Huynh UK, Khandelwal S, Lazarus JV, Michie S. The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet 2022; 400:1224-1280. [PMID: 36115368 PMCID: PMC9539542 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Sachs
- Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Salim S Abdool Karim
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lara Aknin
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Joseph Allen
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Francesca Colombo
- Health Division, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Vitor Gaspar
- Fiscal Affairs Department, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Andy Haines
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Peter J Hotez
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Phoebe Koundouri
- Department of International and European Economic Studies, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece; Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, Athens, Greece
| | - Felipe Larraín Bascuñán
- Department of Economics and Administration, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jong-Koo Lee
- National Academy of Medicine of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Ali Pate
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - John Thwaites
- Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Chen Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lan Xue
- Schwarzman College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chandrika Bahadur
- The Lancet COVID-19 Commission Regional Task Force: India, New Delhi, India
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chris Bullen
- National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Yanis Ben Amor
- Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ozge Karadag
- Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Emma Torres
- United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lauren Barredo
- United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network, New York, NY, United States
| | - Juliana G E Bartels
- Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Neena Joshi
- United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey V Lazarus
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan Michie
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK
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16
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Shaw-Saliba K, Kosasih H, Lau CY. Editorial: COVID and Tropical Diseases – Intersection of Policy and Science. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.861715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Soumah AA, Diallo MSK, Guichet E, Maman D, Thaurignac G, Keita AK, Bouillin J, Diallo H, Pelloquin R, Ayouba A, Kpamou C, Peeters M, Delaporte E, Etard JF, Toure A. High and Rapid Increase in Seroprevalence for SARS-CoV-2 in Conakry, Guinea: Results From 3 Successive Cross-Sectional Surveys (ANRS COV16-ARIACOV). Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac152. [PMID: 35493112 PMCID: PMC8992319 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted 3 successive seroprevalence surveys, 3 months apart, using multistage cluster sampling to measure the extent and dynamics of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 epidemic in Conakry, the capital city of Guinea. Seroprevalence increased from 17.3% (95% CI, 12.4%-23.8%) in December 2020 during the first survey (S1) to 28.9% (95% CI, 25.6%-32.4%) in March/April 2021 (S2), then to 42.4% (95% CI, 39.5%-45.3%) in June 2021 (S3). This significant overall trend of increasing seroprevalence (P < .0001) was also significant in every age class, illustrating a sustained transmission within the whole community. These data may contribute to defining cost-effective response strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abou Aissata Soumah
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Mamadou Saliou Kalifa Diallo
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses (TransVIHMI), University of Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
| | - Emilande Guichet
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses (TransVIHMI), University of Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Guillaume Thaurignac
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses (TransVIHMI), University of Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
| | - Alpha Kabinet Keita
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses (TransVIHMI), University of Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Bouillin
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses (TransVIHMI), University of Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
| | - Haby Diallo
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Raphael Pelloquin
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses (TransVIHMI), University of Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
| | - Ahidjo Ayouba
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses (TransVIHMI), University of Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
| | - Cece Kpamou
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Martine Peeters
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses (TransVIHMI), University of Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Delaporte
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses (TransVIHMI), University of Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Francois Etard
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses (TransVIHMI), University of Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
| | - Abdoulaye Toure
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
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18
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Ndongo FA, Guichet E, Mimbé ED, Ndié J, Pelloquin R, Varloteaux M, Esemu L, Mpoudi-Etame M, Lamare N, Edoul G, Wouambo RK, Djomsi DM, Tongo M, Tabala FN, Dongmo RK, Diallo MSK, Bouillin J, Thaurignac G, Ayouba A, Peeters M, Delaporte E, Bissek ACZK, Mpoudi-Ngolé E. Rapid Increase of Community SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence during Second Wave of COVID-19, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1233-1236. [PMID: 35470795 PMCID: PMC9155890 DOI: 10.3201/eid2806.212580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted 2 independent population-based SARS-CoV-2 serosurveys in Yaoundé, Cameroon, during January 27–February 6 and April 24–May 19, 2021. Overall age-standardized SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence increased from 18.6% in the first survey to 51.3% in the second (p<0.001). This finding illustrates high community transmission during the second wave of COVID-19.
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19
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COVID-19 in Tunisia (North Africa): Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the General Population of the Capital City Tunis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040971. [PMID: 35454019 PMCID: PMC9031774 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Seroprevalence studies are essential to get an accurate estimate of the actual SARS-CoV-2 diffusion within populations. We report on the findings of the first serosurvey conducted in Tunis prior to the implementation of mass vaccination and analyzed factors associated with seropositivity. A household cross sectional survey was conducted (March–April 2021) in Tunis, spanning the end of the second wave and the beginning of the third wave of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to the spike (S-RBD) or the nucleocapsid (N) proteins were detected by in-house ELISA tests. The survey included 1676 individuals from 431 households. The mean age and sex ratio were 43.3 ± 20.9 years and 0.6, respectively. The weighted seroprevalence of anti-N and/or anti-S-RBD IgG antibodies was equal to 38.0% (34.6–41.5). In multivariate analysis, age under 10, no tobacco use, previous diagnosis of COVID-19, a history of COVID-19 related symptoms and contact with a COVID-19 case within the household, were independently associated with higher SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence. More than one third of people living in Tunis obtained antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Further studies are needed to monitor changes in these figures as Tunisian population is confronted to the subsequent epidemic waves and to guide the vaccine strategy.
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20
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Pengid S, Peltzer K, de Moura Villela EF, Fodjo JNS, Siau CS, Chen WS, Bono SA, Jayasvasti I, Hasan MT, Wanyenze RK, Hosseinipour MC, Dolo H, Sessou P, Ditekemena JD, Colebunders R. Using Andersen's model of health care utilization to assess factors associated with COVID-19 testing among adults in nine low-and middle-income countries: an online survey. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:265. [PMID: 35227263 PMCID: PMC8882718 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate, using Andersen’s model of health care utilization, factors associated with COVID-19 testing among adults in nine low- and middle- income countries. Methods In between 10 December 2020 and 9 February 2021, an online survey was organized in nine low- and middle-income countries. In total 10,183 adults (median age 45 years, interquartile range 33–57 years, range 18–93 years), including 6470 from Brazil, 1738 Malaysia, 1124 Thailand, 230 Bangladesh, 219 DR Congo, 159 Benin, 107 Uganda, 81 Malawi and 55 from Mali participated in the study. COVID-19 testing/infection status was assessed by self-report. Results Of the 10,183 participants, 40.3% had ever tested for COVID-19, 7.3% tested positive, and 33.0% tested negative. In an adjusted logistic regression model, predisposing factors (residing in Brazil, postgraduate education), enabling/disabling factors (urban residence, higher perceived economic status, being a student or worker in the health care sector, and moderate or severe psychological distress), and need factors (having at least one chronic condition) increased the odds of COVID-19 testing. Among those who were tested, participants residing in Bangladesh, those who had moderate to severe psychological distress were positively associated with COVID-19 positive diagnosis. Participants who are residing in Malaysia and Thailand, and those who had higher education were negatively associated with a COVID-19 positive diagnosis. Considering all participants, higher perceived economic status, being a student or worker in the health sector, and moderate or severe psychological distress were positively associated with a COVID-19 positive diagnosis, and residing in Malaysia, Thailand or five African countries was negatively associated with a COVID-19 positive diagnosis. Conclusion A high rate of COVID-19 testing among adults was reported in nine low-and middle-income countries. However, access to testing needs to be increased in Africa. Moreover, COVID-19 testing programmes need to target persons of lower economic status and education level who are less tested but most at risk for COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengid
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa. .,Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Edlaine Faria de Moura Villela
- Disease Control Coordination, São Paulo State Health Department, São Paulo, 01246-000, Brazil.,Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, 74690-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ching Sin Siau
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Won Sun Chen
- Department of Health Science and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Suzanna A Bono
- School of Social Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | | | - M Tasdik Hasan
- Jeeon Bangladesh Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health, State University of Bangladesh (SUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Rhoda K Wanyenze
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Housseini Dolo
- International Center of Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and OdontoStomatology, Bamako, Mali.,Lymphatic Filariasis Research Unit/International Center of Excellence in Research, Bamako, Mali
| | - Philippe Sessou
- Research Unit on Communicable Diseases, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01, BP, 526, Benin
| | - John D Ditekemena
- Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, 7948, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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21
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Müller SA, Wood RR, Hanefeld J, El-Bcheraoui C. Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers From Eleven African Countries: A Scoping Review and Appraisal of Existing Evidence. Health Policy Plan 2021; 37:505-513. [PMID: 34726740 PMCID: PMC8689910 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czab133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of serological data and risk factors for COVID-19 infection in healthcare workers are especially important in African countries where human resources and health services are more constrained. We reviewed and appraised the evidence of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and its risk factors in healthcare workers in Africa to inform response and preparedness strategies during the SARS CoV-2 pandemic. We followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines in this scoping review. Databases including PubMed, Embase and preprint servers were searched accordingly from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to 19th April 2021. Our search yielded twelve peer-reviewed and four pre-print articles comprising data on 9,223 HCWs from eleven countries in Africa. Seroprevalence varied widely and ranged from 0% to 45.1%. Seropositivity was associated with older age, lower education, working as a nurse/non- clinical HCW, or in gynaecology, emergency, outpatient or surgery departments. Asymptomatic rates were high and half of the studies recommended routine testing of HCWs. This scoping review found a varying, but often high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in HCWs in eleven African countries and identified certain risk factors. COVID-19 public health strategies for policy and planning should consider these risk factors and the potential for high seroprevalence among HCWs when prioritizing infection prevention and control measures and vaccine deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Alice Müller
- Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebekah Ruth Wood
- Evidence- based Public Health, Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Hanefeld
- Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Charbel El-Bcheraoui
- Evidence- based Public Health, Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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22
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Adane K, Negash AA. Escalating burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Ethiopia. LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2021; 9:e1477-e1478. [PMID: 34678181 PMCID: PMC8525983 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelemework Adane
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Abel Abera Negash
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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23
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Sunjaya AP, Allida SM, Di Tanna GL, Jenkins CR. Asthma and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.01209-2021. [PMID: 34385278 PMCID: PMC8361304 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01209-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Individual case series and cohort studies have reported conflicting results in people with asthma on the vulnerability to and risk of mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Research question Are people with asthma at a higher risk of being infected or hospitalised or poorer clinical outcomes from COVID-19? Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis based on five main databases including the World Health Organization COVID-19 database between 1 December 2019 and 11 July 2021 on studies with a control (non-asthma) group was conducted. Prevalence and risk ratios were pooled using Sidik–Jonkman random-effects meta-analyses. Findings 51 studies with an 8.08% (95% CI 6.87–9.30%) pooled prevalence of people with asthma among COVID-19 positive cases. The risk ratios were 0.83 (95% CI 0.73–0.95, p=0.01) for acquiring COVID-19; 1.18 (95% CI 0.98–1.42, p=0.08) for hospitalisation; 1.21 (95% CI 0.97–1.51, p=0.09) for intensive care unit (ICU) admission; 1.06 (95% CI 0.82–1.36, p=0.65) for ventilator use; and 0.94 (95% CI 0.76–1.17, p=0.58) for mortality for people with asthma. Subgroup analyses by continent revealed a significant difference in risk of acquiring COVID-19, ICU admission, ventilator use and death between the continents. Interpretation The risk of being infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was reduced compared to the non-asthma group. No statistically significant differences in hospitalisation, ICU admission and ventilator use were found between groups. Subgroup analyses showed significant differences in outcomes from COVID-19 between America, Europe and Asia. Additional studies are required to confirm this risk profile, particularly in Africa and South America, where few studies originate. The risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 was reduced in patients with asthma compared to the non-asthma group. No significant differences in hospitalisation, ICU admission, ventilator use and mortality were found between groups.https://bit.ly/3izKB9h
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Sunjaya
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sabine M Allida
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gian Luca Di Tanna
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christine R Jenkins
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia .,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Concord Clinical School, Medical Education Centre, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Colebunders R, Kenyon C. Extensive SARS-CoV-2 transmission associated with low mortality in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. For how long? Clin Infect Dis 2021; 74:891-892. [PMID: 34181705 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Kenyon
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Antwerp , Belgium
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