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Cinque F, Cespiati A, Lombardi R, Guaraldi G, Sebastiani G. Nutritional and Lifestyle Therapy for NAFLD in People with HIV. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081990. [PMID: 37111209 PMCID: PMC10140991 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are two major epidemics affecting millions of people worldwide. As people with HIV (PWH) age, there is an increased prevalence of metabolic comorbidities, along with unique HIV factors, such as HIV chronic inflammation and life-long exposure to antiretroviral therapy, which leads to a high prevalence of NAFLD. An unhealthy lifestyle, with a high dietary intake of refined carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids, fructose added beverages, and processed red meat, as well as physical inactivity, are known to trigger and promote the progression of NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, with no currently approved pharmacotherapy and a lack of clinical trials that are inclusive of HIV, nutritional and lifestyle approaches still represent the most recommended treatments for PWH with NAFLD. While sharing common features with the general population, NAFLD in PWH displays its own peculiarities that may also reflect different impacts of nutrition and exercise on its onset and treatment. Therefore, in this narrative review, we aimed to explore the role of nutrients in the development of NAFLD in PWH. In addition, we discussed the nutritional and lifestyle approaches to managing NAFLD in the setting of HIV, with insights into the role of gut microbiota and lean NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Cinque
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cespiati
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Lombardi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guaraldi
- Modena HIV Metabolic Clinic, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Giada Sebastiani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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2
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Barré T, Di Marzo V, Marcellin F, Burra P, Carrieri P. Expanding Research on Cannabis-Based Medicines for Liver Steatosis: A Low-Risk High-Reward Way Out of the Present Deadlock? Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023; 8:5-11. [PMID: 35420457 PMCID: PMC9942183 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitute global and growing epidemics that result in therapeutic dead ends. There is an urgent need for new and accessible treatments to improve and widen both preventive and curative approaches against NAFLD. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is recognized as a complex signaling apparatus closely related to metabolic disorders and is a key target for treating NAFLD. Despite a lack of conclusive clinical trials, observational and pre-clinical studies highlight putative benefits of phytocannabinoids on liver steatosis through multiple pathways. Owing to both its safety profile and its diversity of active compounds acting primarily (although not exclusively) on the ECS-and its expanded version, the endocannabinoidome, the Cannabis plant should be considered a major prospect in the treatment of NAFLD. However, seizing this opportunity, and intensifying clinical research in this direction, will require overcoming both scientific and nonscientific barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangui Barré
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, CRIUCPQ and INAF-Centre NUTRISS, Faculties of Medicine and Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Fabienne Marcellin
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, Padua Italy
| | - Patrizia Carrieri
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
- Address correspondence to: Patrizia Carrieri, PhD, Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, Aile Bleue, 35 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France,
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3
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Cannabinoids and Chronic Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169423. [PMID: 36012687 PMCID: PMC9408890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD), and viral hepatitis are the main causes of morbidity and mortality related to chronic liver diseases (CLDs) worldwide. New therapeutic approaches to prevent or reverse these liver disorders are thus emerging. Although their etiologies differ, these CLDs all have in common a significant dysregulation of liver metabolism that is closely linked to the perturbation of the hepatic endocannabinoid system (eCBS) and inflammatory pathways. Therefore, targeting the hepatic eCBS might have promising therapeutic potential to overcome CLDs. Experimental models of CLDs and observational studies in humans suggest that cannabis and its derivatives may exert hepatoprotective effects against CLDs through diverse pathways. However, these promising therapeutic benefits are not yet fully validated, as the few completed clinical trials on phytocannabinoids, which are thought to hold the most promising therapeutic potential (cannabidiol or tetrahydrocannabivarin), remained inconclusive. Therefore, expanding research on less studied phytocannabinoids and their derivatives, with a focus on their mode of action on liver metabolism, might provide promising advances in the development of new and original therapeutics for the management of CLDs, such as NAFLD, ALD, or even hepatitis C-induced liver disorders.
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Maselli DB, Camilleri M. Pharmacology, Clinical Effects, and Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19:1748-1758.e2. [PMID: 32673642 PMCID: PMC7854774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis and cannabinoids (such as tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol) are frequently used to relieve gastrointestinal symptoms. Cannabinoids have effects on the immune system and inflammatory responses, as well as neuromuscular and sensory functions of digestive organs, including pancreas and liver. Cannabinoids can cause hyperemesis and cyclic vomiting syndrome, but they might also be used to reduce gastrointestinal, pancreatic, or hepatic inflammation, as well as to treat motility, pain, and functional disorders. Cannabinoids activate cannabinoid receptors, which inhibit release of transmitters from presynaptic neurons and also inhibit diacylglycerol lipase alpha, to prevent synthesis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol. However, randomized trials are needed to clarify their effects in patients; these compounds can have adverse effects on the central nervous system (such as somnolence and psychosis) or the developing fetus, when used for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Cannabinoid-based therapies can also hide symptoms and disease processes, such as in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. It is important for gastroenterologists and hepatologists to understand cannabinoid mechanisms, effects, and risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Maselli
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Confound, Cause, or Cure: The Effect of Cannabinoids on HIV-Associated Neurological Sequelae. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071242. [PMID: 34206839 PMCID: PMC8310358 DOI: 10.3390/v13071242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in the era of effective antiretroviral therapy suggests that modern HIV neuropathogenesis is driven, at least in part, by mechanisms distinct from the viral life cycle. Identifying more subtle mechanisms is complicated by frequent comorbidities in HIV+ populations. One of the common confounds is substance abuse, with cannabis being the most frequently used psychoactive substance among people living with HIV. The psychoactive effects of cannabis use can themselves mimic, and perhaps magnify, the cognitive deficits observed in HAND; however, the neuromodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoids may counter HIV-induced excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Here, we review our understanding of the cross talk between HIV and cannabinoids in the central nervous system by exploring both clinical observations and evidence from preclinical in vivo and in vitro models. Additionally, we comment on recent advances in human, multi-cell in vitro systems that allow for more translatable, mechanistic studies of the relationship between cannabinoid pharmacology and this uniquely human virus.
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Barré T, Rojas Rojas T, Lacombe K, Protopopescu C, Poizot-Martin I, Nishimwe ML, Zucman D, Esterle L, Billaud E, Aumaitre H, Bouchaud O, Rey D, Piroth L, Salmon-Ceron D, Wittkop L, Sogni P, Carrieri MP, Serfaty L, Marcellin F. Cannabis use and reduced risk of elevated fatty liver index in HIV-HCV co-infected patients: a longitudinal analysis (ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH). Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2021; 19:1147-1156. [PMID: 33538612 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1884545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cannabis use and elevated fatty liver index (FLI≥ 60) (a biomarker of hepatic steatosis in the general population) have been identified as predictors of HCV-related and overall mortality, respectively, in HIV-HCV co-infected patients. However, the relationship between cannabis use and the risk of elevated FLI has never been explored.Methods: Using five-year follow-up data from 997 HIV-HCV co-infected patients (ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort), we analyzed the relationship between cannabis use and FLI using mixed-effects multivariable logistic (outcome: elevated FLI yes/no) and linear (outcome: continuous FLI) regression models.Results: At the last follow-up visit, 27.4% of patients reported regular or daily cannabis use and 27.8% had elevated FLI. After multivariable adjustment, regular or daily cannabis use was associated with a 55% lower risk of elevated FLI (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.45 [0.22; 0.94]; p = 0.033) and lower FLI values (adjusted model coefficient: -4.24 [-6.57; -1.91], p < 0.0001).Conclusions: Cannabis use is associated with a reduced risk of elevated fatty liver index in HIV-HCV co-infected patients. Further research is needed to confirm whether and how cannabinoids may inhibit the development of hepatic steatosis or other metabolic disorders in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangui Barré
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales De La Santé & Traitement De l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,Ors Paca, Observatoire Régional De La Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Teresa Rojas Rojas
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales De La Santé & Traitement De l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,Ors Paca, Observatoire Régional De La Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France.,APHM Sainte-Marguerite, Clinical Immunohematology Unit, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Karine Lacombe
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Paris Public Hospitals, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France.,UMR S1136, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Camelia Protopopescu
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales De La Santé & Traitement De l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,Ors Paca, Observatoire Régional De La Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Poizot-Martin
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales De La Santé & Traitement De l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,APHM Sainte-Marguerite, Clinical Immunohematology Unit, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Libérée Nishimwe
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales De La Santé & Traitement De l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,Ors Paca, Observatoire Régional De La Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - David Zucman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Réseau Ville Hôpital Val De Seine, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Laure Esterle
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team MORPH3EUS, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Billaud
- Department of Infectious Disease, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France.,COREVIH Pays De La Loire, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Hugues Aumaitre
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Perpignan Hospital Center, Perpignan, France
| | - Olivier Bouchaud
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Paris Public Hospitals, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France.,Laboratoire d'Educations et Pratiques en Santé EA 3412, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - David Rey
- Le Trait d'Union, HIV-Infection Care Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires De Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lionel Piroth
- Department of Infectiology, Dijon University Hospital Center, Dijon, France.,INSERM-CIC 1342, Bourgogne University, Dijon, France
| | - Dominique Salmon-Ceron
- Service Maladies Infectieuses Et Tropicales, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Linda Wittkop
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team MORPH3EUS, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France.,Pole De Sante Publique, CHU De Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Sogni
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,INSERM U-1223, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux De Paris, France
| | - Maria Patrizia Carrieri
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales De La Santé & Traitement De l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,Ors Paca, Observatoire Régional De La Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Lawrence Serfaty
- Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Hôpital Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires De Strasbourg, France.,INSERM UMR 938, Université Paris Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Marcellin
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales De La Santé & Traitement De l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,Ors Paca, Observatoire Régional De La Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
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7
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Berk K, Bzdega W, Konstantynowicz-Nowicka K, Charytoniuk T, Zywno H, Chabowski A. Phytocannabinoids-A Green Approach toward Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Treatment. J Clin Med 2021; 10:393. [PMID: 33498537 PMCID: PMC7864168 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent chronic liver disease in adults in developed countries, with a global prevalence as high as one billion. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is a multifactorial and multi-step process. Nowadays, a growing body of research suggests the considerable role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) as a complex cell-signaling system in NAFLD development. Although increased endocannabinoid tone in the liver highly contributes to NAFLD development, the complex effects and impacts of plant-derived cannabinoids in the aspect of NAFLD pathophysiology are yet not fully understood, and effective medications are still in demand. In our review, we present the latest reports describing the role of ECS in NAFLD, focusing primarily on two types of cannabinoid receptors. Moreover, we sum up the recent literature on the clinical use of natural cannabinoids in NAFLD treatment. This review is useful for understanding the importance of ECS in NAFLD development, and it also provides the basis for more extensive clinical phytocannabinoids testing in patients suffering from NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Berk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (W.B.); (K.K.-N.); (T.C.); (H.Z.); (A.C.)
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8
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Barré T, Nishimwe ML, Protopopescu C, Marcellin F, Carrat F, Dorival C, Delarocque-Astagneau E, Larrey D, Bourlière M, Petrov-Sanchez V, Simony M, Pol S, Fontaine H, Carrieri P. Cannabis use is associated with a lower risk of diabetes in chronic hepatitis C-infected patients (ANRS CO22 Hepather cohort). J Viral Hepat 2020; 27:1473-1483. [PMID: 32810343 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a risk factor of insulin resistance, and HCV-infected patients are at a high risk of developing diabetes. In the general population, research has shown the potential benefit of cannabis use for the prevention of diabetes and related metabolic disorders. We aimed to test whether cannabis use is associated with a lower risk of diabetes in chronic HCV-infected patients. Chronic HCV-infected patients (n = 10 445) were selected from the French national, multicenter, observational ANRS CO22 Hepather cohort. Cross-sectional data collected at cohort enrollment were used to assess the association between patients' clinical and behavioural characteristics and the risk of diabetes. Logistic regression model was performed with cannabis use as the main independent variable and a significance level set at 5%. A similar model stratified by the presence of advanced liver fibrosis (FIB-4 > 3.25) was also run. After multivariable adjustment, current (AOR [95%CI]: 0.49 [0.38-0.63]) and former (0.81 [0.67-0.98], P < .001) cannabis use were both associated with a reduced odds of diabetes. Conversely, male gender, tobacco use, elevated BMI, poverty, being a migrant and advanced fibrosis were associated with increased odds of diabetes. The association between cannabis use and diabetes was maintained in the stratified analysis. In this large cross-sectional study of chronic HCV-infected patients, cannabis use was associated with a lower risk of diabetes independently of clinical and socio-behavioural factors. Further studies are needed to elucidate a potential causal link and shed light on cannabis compounds and mechanisms involved in this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangui Barré
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,ORS PACA, Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Libérée Nishimwe
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,ORS PACA, Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Camelia Protopopescu
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,ORS PACA, Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Marcellin
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,ORS PACA, Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Carrat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Unité de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Céline Dorival
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Delarocque-Astagneau
- UMR1181 Biostatistique, Biomathématique, Pharmaco-épidémiologie et Maladies Infectieuses (B2PHI), Institut Pasteur, Inserm, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Paris, France
| | - Dominique Larrey
- Service des maladies de l'appareil digestif, Hôpital Saint Eloi, IBR- Inserm Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Bourlière
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hôpital Saint Joseph, Marseille, France
| | - Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez
- ANRS (France Recherche Nord & Sud Sida-HIV Hépatites), Unit for Basic and Clinical Research on Viral Hepatitis, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Simony
- ANRS (France Recherche Nord & Sud Sida-HIV Hépatites), Unit for Basic and Clinical Research on Viral Hepatitis, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Pol
- Université de Paris; AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Département d'Hépatologie; INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Fontaine
- Département d'Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France.,INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Patrizia Carrieri
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,ORS PACA, Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
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9
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Wenger DS, Triplette M, Shahrir S, Akgun KM, Wongtrakool C, Brown ST, Kim JW, Soo Hoo GW, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Huang L, Feemster LC, Zifodya J, Crothers K. Associations of marijuana with markers of chronic lung disease in people living with HIV. HIV Med 2020; 22:92-101. [PMID: 33022830 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between marijuana use and markers of chronic lung disease in people living with HIV (PLWH) is poorly understood. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the Examinations of HIV-Associated Lung Emphysema (EXHALE) study, including 162 HIV-positive patients and 138 participants without HIV. We modelled marijuana exposure as: (i) current daily or weekly marijuana smoking vs. monthly or less often; or (ii) cumulative marijuana smoking (joint-years). Linear and logistic regression estimated associations between marijuana exposure and markers of lung disease, adjusted for tobacco smoking and other factors. RESULTS In PLWH, current daily or weekly marijuana use was associated with a larger forced vital capacity (FVC), larger total lung capacity and increased odds of radiographic emphysema compared with marijuana non-smokers in adjusted models; these associations were not statistically significant in participants without HIV. Marijuana joint-years were associated with higher forced expiratory volume in 1 s and FVC in PLWH but not with emphysema. CONCLUSIONS In PLWH, marijuana smoking was associated with higher lung volumes and potentially with radiographic emphysema. No consistently negative associations were observed between marijuana and measures of chronic lung health.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Wenger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Triplette
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Shahrir
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K M Akgun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - C Wongtrakool
- Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S T Brown
- Department of Medicine, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J W Kim
- Department of Medicine, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - G W Soo Hoo
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M C Rodriguez-Barradas
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Huang
- Center for AIDS Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - L C Feemster
- VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Zifodya
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K Crothers
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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10
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Benefits of cannabis use for metabolic disorders and survival in people living with HIV with or without hepatitis C co-infection. AIDS 2020; 34:953-954. [PMID: 32271254 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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HCV-Related Mortality Among HIV/HCV Co-infected Patients: The Importance of Behaviors in the HCV Cure Era (ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH Cohort). AIDS Behav 2020; 24:1069-1084. [PMID: 31286317 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-019-02585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mortality among individuals co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is relatively high. We evaluated the association between psychoactive substance use and both HCV and non-HCV mortality in HIV/HCV co-infected patients in France, using Fine and Gray's competing-risk model adjusted for socio-demographic, clinical predictors and confounding factors, while accounting for competing causes of death. Over a 5-year median follow-up period, 77 deaths occurred among 1028 patients. Regular/daily cannabis use, elevated coffee intake, and not currently smoking were independently associated with reduced HCV-mortality (adjusted sub-hazard ratio [95% CI] 0.28 [0.10-0.83], 0.38 [0.15-0.95], and 0.28 [0.10-0.79], respectively). Obesity and severe thinness were associated with increased HCV-mortality (2.44 [1.00-5.93] and 7.25 [2.22-23.6] versus normal weight, respectively). Regular binge drinking was associated with increased non-HCV-mortality (2.19 [1.10-4.37]). Further research is needed to understand the causal mechanisms involved. People living with HIV/HCV co-infection should be referred for tobacco, alcohol and weight control interventions and potential benefits of cannabis-based therapies investigated.
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12
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Farokhnia M, McDiarmid GR, Newmeyer MN, Munjal V, Abulseoud OA, Huestis MA, Leggio L. Effects of oral, smoked, and vaporized cannabis on endocrine pathways related to appetite and metabolism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, human laboratory study. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:71. [PMID: 32075958 PMCID: PMC7031261 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As perspectives on cannabis continue to shift, understanding the physiological and behavioral effects of cannabis use is of paramount importance. Previous data suggest that cannabis use influences food intake, appetite, and metabolism, yet human research in this regard remains scant. The present study investigated the effects of cannabis administration, via different routes, on peripheral concentrations of appetitive and metabolic hormones in a sample of cannabis users. This was a randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Twenty participants underwent four experimental sessions during which oral cannabis, smoked cannabis, vaporized cannabis, or placebo was administered. Active compounds contained 6.9 ± 0.95% (~50.6 mg) ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Repeated blood samples were obtained, and the following endocrine markers were measured: total ghrelin, acyl-ghrelin, leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and insulin. Results showed a significant drug main effect (p = 0.001), as well as a significant drug × time-point interaction effect (p = 0.01) on insulin. The spike in blood insulin concentrations observed under the placebo condition (probably due to the intake of brownie) was blunted by cannabis administration. A significant drug main effect (p = 0.001), as well as a trend-level drug × time-point interaction effect (p = 0.08) was also detected for GLP-1, suggesting that GLP-1 concentrations were lower under cannabis, compared to the placebo condition. Finally, a significant drug main effect (p = 0.01) was found for total ghrelin, suggesting that total ghrelin concentrations during the oral cannabis session were higher than the smoked and vaporized cannabis sessions. In conclusion, cannabis administration in this study modulated blood concentrations of some appetitive and metabolic hormones, chiefly insulin, in cannabis users. Understanding the mechanisms underpinning these effects may provide additional information on the cross-talk between cannabinoids and physiological pathways related to appetite and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Farokhnia
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, MD USA ,grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center on Compulsive Behaviors, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Gray R. McDiarmid
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Matthew N. Newmeyer
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Vikas Munjal
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Osama A. Abulseoud
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Lambert Center for the Study of Medicinal Cannabis and Hemp, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Center on Compulsive Behaviors, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Medication Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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13
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Andrews CN, Devlin SM, Le Foll B, Fischer B, Tse F, Storr M, Congly SE. Canadian Association of Gastroenterology Position Statement: Use of Cannabis in Gastroenterological and Hepatic Disorders. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018; 2:37-43. [PMID: 31294362 PMCID: PMC6507278 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N Andrews
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Correspondence: Christopher N Andrews, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Clinical Professor, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 6th Floor, TRW Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada. E-mail
| | - Shane M Devlin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Acute Care Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Family and Community Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benedikt Fischer
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frances Tse
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Storr
- Department of Medicine, University of Munich and Center of Endoscopy, Starnberg, Germany
| | - Stephen E Congly
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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14
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Marcellin F, Fontaine H, Serfaty L, Sogni P, Carrieri MP. Cannabinoids and reduced risk of hepatic steatosis in HIV-HCV co-infection: paving the way for future clinical research. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2018; 16:377-380. [DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2018.1473764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Marcellin
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, Marseille, France
- ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Fontaine
- INSERM, U1016, Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, Paris, France
- Hepatology Unit, Groupe hospitalier Cochin-Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lawrence Serfaty
- Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie et d'Assistance Nutritive, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Sogni
- Service d’Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Maria Patrizia Carrieri
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, Marseille, France
- ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Marseille, France
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15
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Nordmann S, Vilotitch A, Roux P, Esterle L, Spire B, Marcellin F, Salmon-Ceron D, Dabis F, Chas J, Rey D, Wittkop L, Sogni P, Carrieri P. Daily cannabis and reduced risk of steatosis in human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus-co-infected patients (ANRS CO13-HEPAVIH). J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:171-179. [PMID: 28984055 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Liver steatosis is common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-co-infected patients. Some recent studies have found that cannabis use is negatively associated with insulin resistance in the general population and in HIV-HCV-co-infected patients. Given the causal link between insulin resistance and steatosis, we hypothesized that cannabis use has a positive impact on steatosis. Therefore, we aimed to study whether cannabis use in this population was associated with a reduced risk of steatosis, measured by ultrasound examination. ANRS CO13-HEPAVIH is a French nationwide multicentre cohort of HIV-HCV-co-infected patients. Medical and socio-behavioural data from clinical follow-up visits and annual self-administered questionnaires were prospectively collected. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the first visit where both ultrasound examination data for steatosis (positive or negative diagnosis) and data on cannabis use were available. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between cannabis use and steatosis. Among study sample patients (n = 838), 40.1% had steatosis. Fourteen per cent reported daily cannabis use, 11.7% regular use and 74.7% no use or occasional use ("never or sometimes"). Daily cannabis use was independently associated with a reduced prevalence of steatosis (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] = 0.64 [0.42;0.99]; P = .046), after adjusting for body mass index, hazardous alcohol consumption and current or lifetime use of lamivudine/zidovudine. Daily cannabis use may be a protective factor against steatosis in HIV-HCV-co-infected patients. These findings confirm the need for a clinical evaluation of cannabis-based pharmacotherapies in this population. Eudract.ema.europa.eu number, DGS050367.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nordmann
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - A Vilotitch
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - P Roux
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - L Esterle
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Team MORPH3EUS, Bordeaux, France
| | - B Spire
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - F Marcellin
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - D Salmon-Ceron
- Université Paris-Sud et Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S0669, Paris, France.,Service Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin Port-Royal, Paris, France
| | - F Dabis
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Team MORPH3EUS, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, Service d'Information Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - J Chas
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hopital Tenon-APHP, Paris, France
| | - D Rey
- Le Trait d'Union, centre de Soins de l'Infection par le VIH, VHC, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - L Wittkop
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Team MORPH3EUS, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, Service d'Information Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - P Sogni
- Service Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin Port-Royal, Paris, France.,INSERM U-1223-Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Service Service d'Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - P Carrieri
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
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16
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Knight R, Roux P, Vilotitch A, Marcellin F, Rosenthal E, Esterle L, Boué F, Rey D, Piroth L, Dominguez S, Sogni P, Salmon-Ceron D, Spire B, Carrieri MP. Significant reductions in alcohol use after hepatitis C treatment: results from the ANRS CO13-HEPAVIH cohort. Addiction 2017; 112:1669-1679. [PMID: 28430385 DOI: 10.1111/add.13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Few data exist on changes to substance use patterns before and after hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. We used longitudinal data of HIV-HCV co-infected individuals to examine whether receiving pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN)-based therapy irrespective of HCV clearance could modify tobacco, cannabis and alcohol use. DESIGN A prospective cohort of HIV-HCV co-infected individuals was enrolled from 2006. Participants' clinical data were retrieved from medical records and socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics were collected by yearly self-administered questionnaires. SETTING Data were collected across 17 hospitals in France. PARTICIPANTS All HIV-HCV co-infected patients who initiated HCV treatment during follow-up and answered items regarding substance use in at least one yearly questionnaire (258 patients, 671 visits). INTERVENTION HCV treatment consisted of Peg-IFN-based regimens. MEASUREMENTS Four time-varying outcomes: hazardous alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C > 3/4 for women/men), number of alcohol units/month, binge drinking, cannabis and tobacco use. Mixed models assessed the effect of HCV treatment status (not yet treated, treated and HCV-cleared, treated and HCV-chronic) on each outcome. FINDINGS A significant decrease (more than 60% reduction) in both hazardous alcohol use and binge drinking and a reduction of 10 alcohol units/month was observed after HCV treatment (irrespective of HCV clearance). No significant effect of HCV treatment status was found on tobacco use and regular cannabis use, but HCV 'clearers' reported less non-regular use of cannabis. CONCLUSIONS Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment appears to help HIV-HCV co-infected patients reduce alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod Knight
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Perrine Roux
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques and Sociales de la Santé and Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Vilotitch
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques and Sociales de la Santé and Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Marcellin
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques and Sociales de la Santé and Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Rosenthal
- Service de Médecine Interne et Cancérologie, Hôpital l'Archet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, France.,Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Laure Esterle
- INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219-Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France
| | - François Boué
- Université Paris Sud, Paris, France.,Service Médecine interne et immunologie, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Sud, Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - David Rey
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lionel Piroth
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, and Unité Mixte de Recherche 1347, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphanie Dominguez
- Service Immunologie clinique et maladies infectieuses, Immunologie clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Philippe Sogni
- Service d'Hépatologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France.,INSERM U-1223-Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Salmon-Ceron
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Service Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Spire
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques and Sociales de la Santé and Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Maria Patrizia Carrieri
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques and Sociales de la Santé and Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.,ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
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17
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Patsenker E, Stickel F. Cannabinoids in liver diseases. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2016; 7:21-25. [PMID: 31041021 PMCID: PMC6490245 DOI: 10.1002/cld.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Patsenker
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Felix Stickel
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland,Hirslanden Bern AGKlinik Beau‐SiteBernSwitzerland
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