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Masuko K, Iwahara C, Kamiya S, Sakate S, Mizukami Y. Levels of vitamin D and a bone resorption marker in the sera of young women with alcohol use disorder. J Addict Dis 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37950604 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2023.2264999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive alcohol drinking negatively affects bone metabolism and leads to a risk of decreased bone mass, which is a major component of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. However, the potential influence of alcohol on bones has not been fully recognized, particularly among the young to middle-aged generation. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the status of serum markers related to bone metabolism in young to middle-aged women with alcohol use disorder (AUD). METHODS Levels of vitamin D and the bone-resorption marker tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b were measured in the sera of 25 women with AUD (mean age, 39.5 ± 7.5 years) who were enrolled in an AUD rehabilitation program. Data of samples obtained on admission and those after eight weeks were compared. RESULTS Of the 25 women with AUD, 19 (76%) had vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL), and most of the patients showed relatively higher tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b levels at baseline considering their premenopausal age. Although the levels did not change significantly at week eight of the AUD rehabilitation program, vitamin D levels tended to increase initially in patients with vitamin D deficiency. Although further investigations and detailed nutritional assessment are necessary, the results of this study may support the presence of a relatively unknown influence of AUD on the bone health of the young to middle-aged population. Along with psychological and physical care, persons with AUD should be treated as a high-risk group for future osteoporosis regardless of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Masuko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Akasaka Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Japan
| | | | - Shigemi Kamiya
- Department of Nutritional Management, National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Sakate
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Mizukami
- Graduate School of Nutritional Science, Sagami Women's University, Kanagawa, Japan
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2
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Simon D, Minopoulou I, Kemenes S, Bayat S, Tascilar K, Mutlu MY, Valor-Méndez L, Krönke G, Hueber AJ, Schett G, Kleyer A. Baricitinib Improves Bone Properties and Biomechanics in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results of the Prospective Interventional BARE BONE Trial. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:1923-1934. [PMID: 37229650 DOI: 10.1002/art.42617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by erosive joint damage, deterioration of bone mass, and biomechanics. Preclinical evidence suggests a beneficial effect of Janus kinase inhibition (JAKi) on bone properties, but clinical data are scarce to date. In this study, we evaluated the effect of JAKi through baricitinib (BARI) on 1) volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone microstructure, biomechanics, and erosion repair and 2) synovial inflammation in RA patients. METHODS Prospective, single-arm, interventional, open-label, single-center phase 4 study in RA patients with pathological bone status and clinical indication of JAKi (BARE BONE trial). Participants received BARI (4 mg/day) over 52 weeks. To assess bone properties and synovial inflammation, high-resolution computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging were performed at baseline (BL), week 24, and week 52. Clinical response and safety were monitored. RESULTS Thirty RA patients were included. BARI significantly improved disease activity (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate: 4.82 ± 0.90 to 2.71 ± 0.83) and synovial inflammation (RAMRIS synovitis score: 5.3 [4.2] to 2.7 [3.5]). We observed a significant improvement in trabecular vBMD with a mean change of 6.11 mgHA/mm3 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.01-12.26). Biomechanical properties also improved with mean change from baseline in estimated stiffness of 2.28 kN/mm (95% CI 0.30-4.25) and estimated failure load of 98.8 N (95% CI 15.9-181.7). The number and size of erosions in the metacarpal joints remained stable. No new safety signals with BARI treatment were observed. CONCLUSION Bones of RA patients improve with BARI therapy, as shown by an increase in trabecular bone mass and an improvement of biomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ioanna Minopoulou
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Kemenes
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sara Bayat
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Koray Tascilar
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melek Yalcin Mutlu
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Larissa Valor-Méndez
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Axel J Hueber
- Division of Rheumatology, Klinikum Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Kleyer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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3
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Wang L, Chen Z, Chen D, Kan B, He Y, Cai H. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase promotes cell proliferation by regulating gene expression and alternative splicing profiles in HeLa cells. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:145. [PMID: 36936029 PMCID: PMC10018273 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS), an essential enzyme involved in the mevalonate pathway, is implicated in various diseases, including multiple types of cancer. As an RNA-binding protein (RBP), FDPS is also involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. However, to the best of our knowledge, transcriptome-wide targets of FDPS still remain unknown. In the present study, FDPS expression patterns in pan-cancer were analyzed. In addition, it was investigated how FDPS overexpression (FDPS-OE) regulates the transcriptome in HeLa cells. FDPS-OE increased the proliferation rate in HeLa cells by MTT assay. Using transcriptome-wide high throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, it was found that FDPS upregulated the expression levels of genes enriched in cell proliferation and extracellular matrix organization, including the laminin subunit γ2, interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 and matrix metallopeptidase 19 genes. According to alternative splicing (AS) analysis, FDPS modulated the splicing patterns of the bone morphogenic protein 1, semaphorin 4D, annexin A2 and sirtuin 2 genes, which are enriched in the cell cycle and DNA repair, and are related to cell proliferation. To corroborate the FDPS-regulated transcriptome findings, FDPS was overexpressed in human osteosarcoma cells. Differentially expressed genes and regulated AS genes in the cells were both validated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The results suggested that, as an emerging RBP, FDPS may serve an important role in transcriptome profiles by altering gene expression and regulating AS. FDPS also affected the cell proliferation rate. These findings broaden the understanding of the molecular functions of FDPS, and the potential of FDPS as a target in therapy should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, P.R. China
| | - Dong Chen
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, P.R. China
| | - Bo Kan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yangfang He
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hanqing Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Hanqing Cai, Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China, E-mail:
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4
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Schini M, Vilaca T, Gossiel F, Salam S, Eastell R. Bone Turnover Markers: Basic Biology to Clinical Applications. Endocr Rev 2022; 44:417-473. [PMID: 36510335 PMCID: PMC10166271 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone turnover markers (BTMs) are used widely, in both research and clinical practice. In the last 20 years, much experience has been gained in measurement and interpretation of these markers, which include commonly used bone formation markers bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and procollagen I N-propeptide; and commonly used resorption markers serum C-telopeptides of type I collagen, urinary N-telopeptides of type I collagen and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase type 5b. BTMs are usually measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or automated immunoassay. Sources contributing to BTM variability include uncontrollable components (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity) and controllable components, particularly relating to collection conditions (e.g., fasting/feeding state, and timing relative to circadian rhythms, menstrual cycling, and exercise). Pregnancy, season, drugs, and recent fracture(s) can also affect BTMs. BTMs correlate with other methods of assessing bone turnover, such as bone biopsies and radiotracer kinetics; and can usefully contribute to diagnosis and management of several diseases such as osteoporosis, osteomalacia, Paget's disease, fibrous dysplasia, hypophosphatasia, primary hyperparathyroidism, and chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Schini
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tatiane Vilaca
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Fatma Gossiel
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Syazrah Salam
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Richard Eastell
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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5
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Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235727. [PMID: 36497209 PMCID: PMC9738274 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a common complication of many types of advanced cancer, including breast cancer. Bone metastasis may cause severe pain, fractures, and hypercalcemia, rendering clinical management challenging and substantially reducing the quality of life and overall survival (OS) time of breast cancer patients. Studies have revealed that bone metastasis is related to interactions between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment, and involves complex molecular biological mechanisms, including colonization, osteolytic destruction, and an immunosuppressive bone microenvironment. Agents inhibiting bone metastasis (such as bisphosphate and denosumab) alleviate bone destruction and improve the quality of life of breast cancer patients with bone metastasis. However, the prognosis of these patients remains poor, and the specific biological mechanism of bone metastasis is incompletely understood. Additional basic and clinical studies are urgently needed, to further explore the mechanism of bone metastasis and develop new therapeutic drugs. This review presents a summary of the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of bone metastasis of breast cancer, aiming to improve the quality of life and prognosis of breast cancer patients and provide a reference for future research directions.
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6
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He J, Chen K, Deng T, Xie J, Zhong K, Yuan J, Wang Z, Xiao Z, Gu R, Chen D, Li X, Lin D, Xu J. Inhibitory Effects of Rhaponticin on Osteoclast Formation and Resorption by Targeting RANKL-Induced NFATc1 and ROS Activity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:645140. [PMID: 34630071 PMCID: PMC8495440 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.645140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The extravagant osteoclast formation and resorption is the main cause of osteoporosis. Inhibiting the hyperactive osteoclastic resorption is considered as an efficient treatment for osteoporosis. Rhaponticin (RH) is a small molecule that has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-fibrotic, and anti-diabetic activities. However, the influence of RH on osteoclasts differentiation and function is still unclear. To this end, an array of assays including receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) induced osteoclastogenesis, tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase (TRAcP) staining, immunofluorescence, and hydroxyapatite resorption were performed in this study. It was found that RH had significant anti-catabolic effects by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption without cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, the expression of NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) was found to be suppressed and antioxidant enzymes including catalase, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD-2), and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) were enhanced following RH treatment, suggesting RH exhibited antioxidant activity by reducing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as enhancing the depletion of ROS. In addition, MAPKs, NF-κB, and intracellular Ca2+ oscillation pathways were significantly inhibited by RH. These changes led to the deactivation of osteoclast master transcriptional factor-nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), as examined by qPCR and Western blot assay, which led to the decreased expression of downstream integrin β3, c-Fos, cathepsin K, and Atp6v0d2. These results suggested that RH could effectively suppress RANKL-regulated osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Therefore, we propose that RH can represent a novel natural small molecule for the treatment of osteoporosis by inhibiting excessive osteoclast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tiancheng Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiewei Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunjing Zhong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinbo Yuan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ronghe Gu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Orthopedics, First People’s Hospital of Nanning, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Delong Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingkun Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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7
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Feder D, Mohd-Pahmi SH, Hussein WM, Guddat LW, McGeary RP, Schenk G. Rational Design of Potent Inhibitors of a Metallohydrolase Using a Fragment-Based Approach. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3342-3359. [PMID: 34331400 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Metallohydrolases form a large group of enzymes that have fundamental importance in a broad range of biological functions. Among them, the purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) have gained attention due to their crucial role in the acquisition and use of phosphate by plants and also as a promising target for novel treatments of bone-related disorders and cancer. To date, no crystal structure of a mammalian PAP with drug-like molecules bound near the active site is available. Herein, we used a fragment-based design approach using structures of a mammalian PAP in complex with the MaybridgeTM fragment CC063346, the amino acid L-glutamine and the buffer molecule HEPES, as well as various solvent molecules to guide the design of highly potent and efficient mammalian PAP inhibitors. These inhibitors have improved aqueous solubility when compared to the clinically most promising PAP inhibitors available to date. Furthermore, drug-like fragments bound in newly discovered binding sites mapped out additional scaffolds for further inhibitor discovery, as well as scaffolds for the design of inhibitors with novel modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Feder
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Siti H Mohd-Pahmi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Luke W Guddat
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ross P McGeary
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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8
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Terpos E, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I. Controversies in the use of new bone-modifying therapies in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2020; 193:1034-1043. [PMID: 33249579 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone-modifying therapies are essential in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. Zoledronic acid is preferred over other bisphosphonates due to its superiority in reducing the incidence of skeletal-related events and improving survival. The anti-receptor activator of nuclear factor-κΒ ligand (RANKL)-targeted agent denosumab has shown its non-inferiority compared to bisphosphonates in preventing skeletal-related events among newly diagnosed patients with myeloma bone disease. Denosumab may confer a survival benefit in patients eligible for autologous transplantation. Denosumab may present a safer profile for patients with renal impairment. Discontinuation of bone-directed therapies can be considered for patients with deep responses and after an adequate time period on treatment; however, a rebound effect may become evident especially in the case of denosumab. Three-monthly infusions of zoledronic acid or at-home denosumab administration should be considered during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Measures to prevent hypocalcaemia, renal toxicity and osteonecrosis of the jaw are important for all bone-modifying agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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9
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Gelatin-Modified Calcium/Strontium Hydrogen Phosphates Stimulate Bone Regeneration in Osteoblast/Osteoclast Co-Culture and in Osteoporotic Rat Femur Defects-In Vitro to In Vivo Translation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215103. [PMID: 33153127 PMCID: PMC7662833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and characterization of biomaterials for bone replacement in case of large defects in preconditioned bone (e.g., osteoporosis) require close cooperation of various disciplines. Of particular interest are effects observed in vitro at the cellular level and their in vivo representation in animal experiments. In the present case, the material-based alteration of the ratio of osteoblasts to osteoclasts in vitro in the context of their co-cultivation was examined and showed equivalence to the material-based stimulation of bone regeneration in a bone defect of osteoporotic rats. Gelatin-modified calcium/strontium phosphates with a Ca:Sr ratio in their precipitation solutions of 5:5 and 3:7 caused a pro-osteogenic reaction on both levels in vitro and in vivo. Stimulation of osteoblasts and inhibition of osteoclast activity were proven during culture on materials with higher strontium content. The same material caused a decrease in osteoclast activity in vitro. In vivo, a positive effect of the material with increased strontium content was observed by immunohistochemistry, e.g., by significantly increased bone volume to tissue volume ratio, increased bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) expression, and significantly reduced receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio. In addition, material degradation and bone regeneration were examined after 6 weeks using stage scans with ToF-SIMS and µ-CT imaging. The remaining material in the defects and strontium signals, which originate from areas exceeding the defect area, indicate the incorporation of strontium ions into the surrounding mineralized tissue. Thus, the material inherent properties (release of biologically active ions, solubility and degradability, mechanical strength) directly influenced the cellular reaction in vitro and also bone regeneration in vivo. Based on this, in the future, materials might be synthesized and specifically adapted to patient-specific needs and their bone status.
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10
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Hemocyanin Modification of Chitosan Scaffolds with Calcium Phosphate Phases Increase the Osteoblast/Osteoclast Activity Ratio-A Co-Culture Study. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194580. [PMID: 33036488 PMCID: PMC7582980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing research on biomaterials that support bone regeneration led to the quest for materials or material modifications that can actively influence the activity or balance of bone tissue cells. The bone biocompatibility of porous chitosan scaffolds was modified in the present study by the addition of calcium phosphates or hemocyanin. The first strategy comprised the incorporation of calcium phosphates into chitosan to create a biomimetic chitosan—mineral phase composite. The second strategy comprised dip-coating of chitosan scaffolds with hemocyanin extracted from crayfish hemolymph. The cytocompatibility was assessed in a mono-culture of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) and their differentiation to osteoblasts; in a mono-culture of human monocytes (hMs) and their maturation to osteoclasts; and in a co-culture of hBMSC/osteoblasts—hM/osteoclasts. Mineral incorporation caused an increase in scaffold bioactivity, as shown by reduced calcium concentration in the cell culture medium, delayed differentiation of hBMSCs, and reduced osteoclastic maturation of hMs in mono-culture. Dip-coating with hemocyanin led to increased proliferation of hBMSCs and equivalent osteoclast maturation in mono-culture, while in co-culture, both an inhibitory effect of mineral incorporation on osteoblastogenesis and stimulatory effects of hemocyanin were observed. It was concluded that highly bioactive scaffolds (containing mineral phases) restrain osteoblast and osteoclast development, while hemocyanin coating significantly supports osteoblastogenesis. These influences on the osteoblasts/osteoclasts activity ratio may support scaffold-driven bone healing in the future.
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Pathogenic Mechanisms of Myeloma Bone Disease and Possible Roles for NRF2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186723. [PMID: 32937821 PMCID: PMC7555756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic bone lesions are one of the central features of multiple myeloma (MM) and lead to bone pain, fractures, decreased quality of life, and decreased survival. Dysfunction of the osteoclast (OC)/osteoblast (OB) axis plays a key role in the development of myeloma-associated osteolytic lesions. Many signaling pathways and factors are associated with myeloma bone diseases (MBDs), including the RANKL/OPG and NF-κB pathways. NRF2, a master regulator of inflammatory signaling, might play a role in the regulation of bone metabolism via anti-inflammatory signaling and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The loss of NRF2 expression in OCs reduced bone mass via the RANK/RANKL pathway and other downstream signaling pathways that affect osteoclastogenesis. The NRF2 level in OBs could interfere with interleukin (IL)-6 expression, which is associated with bone metabolism and myeloma cells. In addition to direct impact on OCs and OBs, the activity of NRF2 on myeloma cells and mesenchymal stromal cells influences the inflammatory stress/ROS level in these cells, which has an impact on OCs, OBs, and osteocytes. The interaction between these cells and OCs affects the osteoclastogenesis of myeloma bone lesions associated with NRF2. Therefore, we have reviewed the effects of NRF2 on OCs and OBs in MBDs.
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Mira-Pascual L, Patlaka C, Desai S, Paulie S, Näreoja T, Lång P, Andersson G. A Novel Sandwich ELISA for Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5a and 5b Protein Reveals that Both Isoforms are Secreted by Differentiating Osteoclasts and Correlate to the Type I Collagen Degradation Marker CTX-I In Vivo and In Vitro. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:194-207. [PMID: 31654098 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00618-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5 (TRAP) exists as two isoforms, 5a and 5b. 5b is a marker of osteoclast number and 5a of chronic inflammation; however, its association with bone resorption is unknown. In this study, a double-TRAP 5a/5b sandwich ELISA measuring 5a and 5b protein in the same sample was developed. TRAP 5a and 5b protein levels were evaluated as osteoclast differentiation/activity markers in serum and in culture, and their correlation to the resorption marker CTX-I was examined. Serum TRAP 5a and 5b concentrations in healthy men were 4.4 ± 0.6 ng/ml and 1.3 ± 0.2 ng/ml, respectively, and they correlated moderately to each other suggesting that their secretion is coupled under healthy conditions. A correlation was also observed between serum TRAP 5a and 5b with CTX-I, suggesting that both TRAP isoforms associate with osteoclast number. During osteoclast differentiation on plastic/bone, predominantly 5b increased in media/lysate from M-CSF/RANKL-stimulated CD14+ PBMCs. However, substantial levels of 5a were detected at later stages suggesting that both isoforms are secreted from differentiating OCs. More TRAP 5b was released on bone indicating a connection to osteoclast resorptive activity, and a peak in TRAP 5b/5a-ratio coincided with rapid CTX-I release. At the end of the culture period of M-CSF + RANKL-stimulated CD14+ PBMCs, there was a correlation between the secretion of TRAP 5a and 5b proteins with CTX-I. The correlation of not only 5b but also 5a with collagen degradation, both in serum and osteoclast cultures indicates that a considerable proportion of the TRAP 5a originates from osteoclasts and may reflect a hitherto undisclosed regulatory mechanism during bone resorption and bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Mira-Pascual
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé, 8, 141 52, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Patlaka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé, 8, 141 52, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suchita Desai
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé, 8, 141 52, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Tuomas Näreoja
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé, 8, 141 52, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pernilla Lång
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé, 8, 141 52, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Göran Andersson
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé, 8, 141 52, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kleber M, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Dimopoulos MA, Terpos E. Monoclonal antibodies against RANKL and sclerostin for myeloma-related bone disease: can they change the standard of care? Expert Rev Hematol 2019; 12:651-663. [PMID: 31268745 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2019.1640115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Over 80% of the patients with multiple myeloma (MM) develop myeloma bone disease (MBD) during the disease course. The clinical consequences include serious skeletal-related events (SRE) that impact survival and quality of life. Bisphosphonates are the mainstay in the treatment of MBD. Currently, new therapeutic strategies are being introduced and broaden the therapeutic options in MBD. Areas covered: The purpose of this review is to summarize the current clinical management of MBD and present novel data regarding monoclonal antibodies against the receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and sclerostin that may change the clinical practice. Expert opinion: Our better understanding of the pathophysiology of MBD has identified several factors as potential therapeutic targets. Recent data have shown that the RANKL inhibitor denosumab constitutes a new promising option. The non-inferiority compared with bisphosphonates in terms of SRE prevention, the potential survival benefit, the convenience of subcutaneous administration, and the favorable toxicity profile makes denosumab a valuable alternative for physicians in the current treatment of MBD. Anti-sclerostin antibodies are currently under clinical development. Further investigations are needed to address open questions in the field including the value of anabolic agents combined with anti-resorptive and anti-MM drugs in MBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kleber
- a Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland.,b Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- c Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Meletios A Dimopoulos
- c Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- c Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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14
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Drabińska N, Jarocka-Cyrta E, Złotkowska D, Abramowicz P, Krupa-Kozak U. Daily oligofructose-enriched inulin intake impacts bone turnover markers but not the cytokine profile in pediatric patients with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet: Results of a randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study. Bone 2019; 122:184-192. [PMID: 30840918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone metabolism disturbances are commonly observed in patients with newly diagnosed celiac disease (CD). The only available treatment for CD-the intake of a gluten-free diet (GFD)-has been found to be insufficient in effectively improving bone health in some patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to modify the GFD so as to allow for the provision of all the necessary nutrients and improved absorption. Prebiotics intake reportedly improves the absorption of bone-related vitamin D and calcium as well as bone metabolism. The effect of prebiotic intake on bone health in CD patients has not been studied yet. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oligofructose-enriched inulin intake on bone metabolism and immune response in children with CD on a GFD. METHODS A total of 34 children with CD were randomised into two groups receiving 10 g of oligofructose-enriched inulin (Synergy 1) or a placebo (maltodextrin) for three months, together with a strict GFD. The children's bone metabolism marker levels and cytokine profiles were analysed before and after the intervention. RESULTS After supplementation, the concentration of osteocalcin increased significantly in children receiving Synergy 1, while the concentration of bone alkaline phosphatase increased in both groups, independent of supplementation. After the intervention, the level of pyridinoline increased significantly in the placebo group, resulting in a concentration that was two times higher than that in the Synergy 1 group, in which it remained stable. Moreover, the plasma concentrations of N-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen decreased in both the groups, whereas the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b level increased particularly in the Synergy 1 group. The intervention did not lead to immunological response changes. CONCLUSIONS The proposed supplementation beneficially altered bone metabolism, through increased bone formation rates and decreased bone resorption process rates. Supplementation of GFD with prebiotic oligofructose-enriched inulin may be a promising auxiliary therapy for bone metabolism improvements in children with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Drabińska
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Jarocka-Cyrta
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Collegium Medicum School of Medicine University of Warmia and Masuria, Żołnierska 18A Str., 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Dagmara Złotkowska
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Paweł Abramowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Rheumatology, Immunology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Urszula Krupa-Kozak
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
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15
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Nishimura T, Arima K, Abe Y, Kanagae M, Mizukami S, Okabe T, Tomita Y, Goto H, Hasegawa M, Sou Y, Horiguchi I, Aoyagi K. Relationship between bone turnover markers and the heel stiffness index measured by quantitative ultrasound in post-menopausal Japanese women. Ann Hum Biol 2019; 46:330-334. [PMID: 30995879 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1607552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis in women is a serious health problem. The relationships between biochemical markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) in women have been reported, but no study has examined relationships between tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRACP-5b) or bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and bone mass measured by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in Japanese post-menopausal women. Aim: To investigate the serum TRACP-5b and BAP levels and to determine their associations with the heel stiffness index measured by QUS in post-menopausal women. Subjects and methods: The subjects were 510 post-menopausal women who were invited to participate in periodic health examinations in 2011-2013 (the Unzen Study). The heel stiffness index (bone mass) was measured by QUS. Serum samples were collected and TRACP-5b and BAP levels were measured. Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that a higher log (TRACP-5b) was correlated with a lower stiffness index (p = 0.014) and log (BAP) was not correlated with stiffness index after adjusting for covariates (p = 0.136). Conclusion: Higher rates of bone resorption are associated with a lower stiffness index in Japanese post-menopausal women. These results may indicate that high bone resorption affects bone mass more than bone formation, resulting in a low bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nishimura
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Arima
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Yasuyo Abe
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kanagae
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nishi-Isahaya Hospital , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Satoshi Mizukami
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nishi-Isahaya Hospital , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Takuhiro Okabe
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Nishi-Isahaya Hospital , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Yoshihito Tomita
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Nishi-Isahaya Hospital , Nagasaki , Japan
| | | | - Maiko Hasegawa
- Medical Policy Division, Nagasaki Prefectural Government , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Yoko Sou
- Ken-Nan Health Care Office , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Itsuko Horiguchi
- Center for Public Relations Strategy, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Aoyagi
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
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16
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Eick GN, Devlin MJ, Cepon‐Robins TJ, Kowal P, Sugiyama LS, Snodgrass JJ. A dried blood spot‐based method to measure levels of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP‐5b), a marker of bone resorption. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 31:e23240. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Geeta N. Eick
- Department of Anthropology University of Oregon Eugene Oregon
| | - Maureen J. Devlin
- Department of Anthropology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
| | | | - Paul Kowal
- Department of Anthropology University of Oregon Eugene Oregon
- Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems World Health Organization Genève Switzerland
- University of Newcastle Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing Newcastle New South Wales Australia
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17
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Systemic Activation of Activin A Signaling Causes Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092490. [PMID: 30142896 PMCID: PMC6163495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The high cardiovascular mortality associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is caused in part by the CKD-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) syndrome. The CKD-MBD consists of skeletal, vascular and cardiac pathology caused by metabolic derangements produced by kidney disease. The prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis resulting from the skeletal component of the CKD-MBD, renal osteodystrophy (ROD), in patients with CKD exceeds that of the general population and is a major public health concern. That CKD is associated with compromised bone health is widely accepted, yet the mechanisms underlying impaired bone metabolism in CKD are not fully understood. Therefore, clarification of the molecular mechanisms by which CKD produces ROD is of crucial significance. We have shown that activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β super family, is an important positive regulator of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis with Smad-mediated signaling being crucial for inducing osteoclast development and function. Recently, we have demonstrated systemic activation of activin receptors and activin A levels in CKD mouse models, such as diabetic CKD and Alport (AL) syndrome. In these CKD mouse models, bone remodeling caused by increased osteoclast numbers and activated osteoclastic bone resorption was observed and treatment with an activin receptor ligand trap repaired CKD-induced-osteoclastic bone resorption and stimulated individual osteoblastic bone formation, irrespective of parathyroid hormone (PTH) elevation. These findings have opened a new field for exploring mechanisms of activin A-enhanced osteoclast formation and function in CKD. Activin A appears to be a strong candidate for CKD-induced high-turnover ROD. Therefore, the treatment with the decoy receptor for activin A might be a good candidate for treatment for CKD-induced osteopenia or osteoporosis, indicating that the new findings from in these studies will lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for CKD-related and osteopenia and osteoporosis in general. In this review, we describe the impact of CKD-induced Smad signaling in osteoclasts, osteoblasts and vascular cells in CKD.
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18
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Rößler S, Heinemann C, Kruppke B, Wagner AS, Wenisch S, Wiesmann HP, Hanke T. Manipulation of osteoclastogenesis: Bioactive multiphasic silica/collagen composites and their effects of surface and degradation products. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 93:265-276. [PMID: 30274058 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The intent of the present study was to demonstrate that multiphasic silica/collagen xerogels are able to manipulate cellular processes. These xerogels were prepared by a sol-gel approach allowing the incorporation of mineral phases. The resulting nanocomposites are designed as biomaterial for bone regeneration. Human osteoclasts derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured both indirectly and directly, either in presence of different xerogel types or on their surface, to investigate the factor with the main influence on osteoclastogenesis. To this end, the incorporation of a third phase to silica/collagen xerogels was used to affect osteoclastogenesis. In cell culture, ambient ion conditions controlled by both the degradation products of the xerogel and the bioactivity-dependent ion release and reprecipitation were shown to have the main effect on osteoclast specific enzyme tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) 5b. Late stage of osteoclastogenesis characterized by resorption was strongly dependent on the xerogels composition. Surface chemistry of the xerogels was displayed to play an important role in osteoclast resorption. Biphasic silica/collagen xerogels and triphasic xerogels with calcium carbonate offered widespread resorbed areas, whereas hydroxyapatite containing xerogels showed distinctly reduced resorption. The incorporation of strontium carbonate and phosphate, respectively, as third phase changed TRAP 5b activity dose-dependently and inhibited resorption within 21 days. Quantitative evaluation on osteoclast differentiation was carried out using biochemical methods (TRAP 5b, cathepsin K) and was supported by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Qualitative estimation of resorption was carried out by SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rößler
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technical University Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - C Heinemann
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technical University Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - B Kruppke
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technical University Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - A S Wagner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Small Animal Clinic c/o Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - S Wenisch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Small Animal Clinic c/o Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - H P Wiesmann
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technical University Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - T Hanke
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technical University Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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19
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Terpos E, Christoulas D, Gavriatopoulou M. Biology and treatment of myeloma related bone disease. Metabolism 2018; 80:80-90. [PMID: 29175022 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Myeloma bone disease (MBD) is the most common complication of multiple myeloma (MM), resulting in skeleton-related events (SREs) such as severe bone pain, pathologic fractures, vertebral collapse, hypercalcemia, and spinal cord compression that cause significant morbidity and mortality. It is due to an increased activity of osteoclasts coupled to the suppressed bone formation by osteoblasts. Novel molecules and pathways that are implicated in osteoclast activation and osteoblast inhibition have recently been described, including the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand/osteoprotegerin pathway, activin-A and the wingless-type signaling inhibitors, dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and sclerostin. These molecules interfere with tumor growth and survival, providing possible targets for the development of novel drugs for the management of lytic disease in myeloma but also for the treatment of MM itself. Currently, bisphosphonates are the mainstay of the treatment of myeloma bone disease although several novel agents such as denosumab and sotatercept appear promising. This review focuses on recent advances in MBD pathophysiology and treatment, in addition to the established therapeutic guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, University of Athens School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Christoulas
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, University of Athens School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, University of Athens School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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20
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Martinetti A, Seregni E, Ripamonti C, Ferrari L, De Conno F, Miceli R, Pallotti F, Coliva A, Biancolini D, Bombardieri E. Serum Levels of Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase-5B in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Pamidronate. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 17:253-8. [PMID: 12521129 DOI: 10.1177/172460080201700406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel immunoassay specific for the osteoclast-produced TRAP isoform 5b has been developed recently. By means of this assay we studied the usefulness of serum TRAP-5b in monitoring the response to palliative treatment with pamidronate in breast cancer patients with bone metastases. We correlated serum TRAP-5b levels with pain intensity and intake of analgesics to assess the possible utility of the marker in identifying patients who could benefit from pamidronate treatment. Twenty-eight advanced breast cancer patients with bone metastases entered the study. Patients were treated according to the following schedule: two two-week cycles of 60 mg/week pamidronate IV, with a three-week interval in between (six infusions over seven weeks), followed by one infusion every three weeks for a total of 24 infusions over a treatment period of 61 weeks. Blood samples were taken before the start of treatment and before each infusion during two treatment cycles. To measure serum TRAP levels we employed the new immunoassay kit BoneTRAP® produced by Suomen Bioanalytiikka Oy (SBA), Oulu, Finland. In order to assess the usefulness of this marker in evaluating the response to pamidronate treatment we divided patients into two groups (group A, worsened; group B, improved) with respect to pain trend and analgesic intake. Our results did not show any statistically significant difference in baseline serum TRAP levels in the two groups. However, one week after the first pamidronate infusion TRAP-5b serum levels decreased by 39% and 18% in groups A and B, respectively (p=0.01); these levels persisted throughout the treatment period. In conclusion, a decrease in TRAP-5b serum levels may reflect the pharmacological activity of pamidronate and seems to predict pain relief and a reduction in analgesic consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinetti
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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21
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Terpos E, Christoulas D, Gavriatopoulou M, Dimopoulos MA. Mechanisms of bone destruction in multiple myeloma. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2017; 26. [PMID: 28940410 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteolytic bone disease is a frequent complication of multiple myeloma, resulting in skeletal complications that are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. It is the result of an increased activity of osteoclasts, which is not followed by reactive bone formation by osteoblasts. Recent studies have revealed novel molecules and pathways that are implicated in osteoclast activation and osteoblast inhibition. Among them, the most important include the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand/osteoprotegerin pathway, the macrophage inflammatory proteins and the activin-A that play a crucial role in osteoclast stimulation in myeloma, while the wingless-type (Wnt) signalling inhibitors (sclerostin and dickkopf-1) along with the growth factor independence-1 are considered the most important factors for the osteoblast dysfunction of myeloma patients. Finally, the role of osteocytes, which is the key cell for normal bone remodelling, has also revealed during the last years through their interaction with myeloma cells that leads to their apoptosis and the release of RANKL and sclerostin maintaining bone loss in these patients. This review focuses on the latest available data for the mechanisms of bone destruction in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - D Christoulas
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - M Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - M A Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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22
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Increased amount of phosphorylated proinflammatory osteopontin in rheumatoid arthritis synovia is associated to decreased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5B/5A ratio. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182904. [PMID: 28792533 PMCID: PMC5549736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteopontin (OPN) is an immunoregulatory protein which production increases in both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Phosphorylated osteopontin (Phospho-OPN) is known to increase macrophage and osteoclast activation, this process is controlled by extracellular tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP), also a biomarker for RA. Here, we evaluated the phosphorylation status of OPN in RA and OA synovia, as well as its correlation with TRAcP isoforms. Methods Synovial tissue and fluid were obtained from 24 RA (14 seropositive and 10 seronegative) and 24 OA patients. Western blotting was used to analyze the extent of OPN phosphorylation. TRAcP isoforms were measured in synovial fluid using ELISA; immunohistochemistry assessed the distribution of OPN and TRAcP expressing cells in the synovial tissue, especially distinguishing between the TRAcP isoforms. Results Full-length OPN was more phosphorylated in RA than in OA (p<0.05). The thrombin cleaved C-terminal end of OPN was also more phosphorylated in RA (p<0.05). RA patients had a lower concentration of TRAcP 5B and higher concentration of less active 5A in their synovial fluid compared to OA patients. The TRAcP 5B/5A ratio was decreased in RA and correlated negatively with the amount of phospho-OPN (p<0.05). TRAcP positive cells for both isoforms were found all along the synovial lining; OPN antibody staining was localized in the extracellular matrix. Conclusion Our data suggests that in RA the synovial fluid contains insufficient amounts of TRAcP 5B which increase levels of the proinflammatory phospho-OPN. This may lead to increased macrophage and osteoclast activation, resulting in the increased local inflammation and bone resorption present in RA joints.
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A meta-analysis survey of appropriate bone turnover markers in the detection of bone metastasis in lung cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2017; 22:1015-1025. [PMID: 28677013 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-017-1159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of studies have investigated the clinical significance of bone turnover markers (BTMs) for the diagnosis of bone metastasis (BM) in lung cancer; however, they led to contradictory results. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate whether BTMs differ between lung cancer patients with and without BM. METHODS Articles were identified by searching Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus. The studies that were identified were pooled and the weighted mean difference (WMD) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Subgroup analyses and publication bias detection were also conducted. RESULTS A final analysis of 1720 subjects (707 patients with BM and 1013 patients without BM) was performed from 16 cohort studies. From the pooled data in the meta-analysis, the total alkaline phosphatase (TALP) (104.35 U/l [95% CI 33.36-175.34]), bone-specific ALP (BALP) (13.24 μg/l [95% CI 8.50-17.98] or 6.84 U/l [95% CI 2.98-10.70]), C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) (5.07 μg/l [95% CI 3.58-6.56]) and N-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) (5.08 nM bone collagen equivalent/l [95% CI 2.82-7.33]) were significantly lower among BM patients than non-BM patients. Subgroup analyses detected that the serum level of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b was significantly reduced in Caucasian patients with BM (-0.64 U/l [95% CI -1.02 to -0.25]), while increased in Asian patients with BM (2.69 U/l [95% CI 0.08-5.31]), compared to patients without BM. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis suggested that serum measurement of TALP, BALP, ICTP and NTX might be helpful in detecting BM in lung cancer.
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Germaini MM, Detsch R, Grünewald A, Magnaudeix A, Lalloue F, Boccaccini AR, Champion E. Osteoblast and osteoclast responses to A/B type carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite ceramics for bone regeneration. Biomed Mater 2017; 12:035008. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa69c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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25
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Huang YJ, Huang TW, Chao TY, Sun YS, Chen SJ, Chu DM, Chen WL, Wu LW. Elevated serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5a levels in metabolic syndrome. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78144-78152. [PMID: 29100456 PMCID: PMC5652845 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tartrate-resistant phosphatase isoform 5a is expressed in tumor-associated macrophages and is a biomarker of chronic inflammation. Herein, we correlated serum tartrate-resistant phosphatase isoform 5a levels with metabolic syndrome status and made comparisons with traditional markers of inflammation, including c-reactive protein and interleukin-6. Methods One hundred healthy volunteers were randomly selected, and cut-off points for metabolic syndrome related inflammatory biomarkers were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves. Linear and logistic regression models were subsequently used to correlate inflammatory markers with the risk of metabolic syndrome. Results Twenty-two participants met the criteria for metabolic syndrome, and serum tartrate-resistant phosphatase isoform 5a levels of >5.8 μg/L were associated with metabolic syndrome (c-statistics, 0.730; p = 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 0.618-0.842). In addition, 1 μg/L increases in tartrate-resistant phosphatase isoform 5a levels were indicative of a 1.860 fold increase in the risk of metabolic syndrome (p = 0.012). Conclusions Elevated serum tartrate-resistant phosphatase isoform 5a levels are associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome, with a cut-off level of 5.8 μg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jhih Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China (R.O.C)
| | - Tsai-Wang Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China (R.O.C)
| | - Tsu-Yi Chao
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China (R.O.C).,Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China (R.O.C)
| | - Yu-Shan Sun
- Division of Family Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital Penghu Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China (R.O.C)
| | - Shyi-Jou Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China (R.O.C)
| | - Der-Ming Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China (R.O.C)
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China (R.O.C).,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China (R.O.C).,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China (R.O.C)
| | - Li-Wei Wu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China (R.O.C).,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China (R.O.C).,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China (R.O.C)
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Zehnder T, Boccaccini AR, Detsch R. Biofabrication of a co-culture system in an osteoid-like hydrogel matrix. Biofabrication 2017; 9:025016. [PMID: 28266351 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa64ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biofabrication aims to develop functional, biological constructs using automated processes (additive manufacturing, AM) involving different cell types and biomaterials (Groll et al 2016 Biofabrication 13001 1-6). As bone tissue is based on the crosstalk between osteoblasts and osteoclasts at least, evaluating cell-cell and cell-material interactions is of interest to understand bone remodeling. There is increasing interest in the role of osteoclasts not only considering bone resorption, but also their influence on the proliferation, migration and differentiation of osteoblasts. Osteoid-like, non-mineralized matrix is used here for the 3D cultivation of osteoblast and osteoclast progenitor cells to evaluate interactions in an early stage of bone formation. The AM technology bioplotting was used to tailor a 3D environment with defined properties. These results could be helpful to transfer this approach to the fabrication of bone tissue in regenerative medicine approaches. Gelatin is derived from collagen, which is the main phase of osteoid. Oxidized alginate-gelatin crosslinked hydrogel was used to immobilize osteoblastic (ST2) and osteoclastic (RAW) progenitor cells. Cell viability and number, the expression of different proteins like alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were investigated. Release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by the immobilized cells was analyzed. Microscopy techniques were used to evaluate cell morphology during an incubation period of 21 days. The biofabrication process was compatible with the cells. Cells migrated, proliferated and expressed their specific proteins indicating cell differentiation. The co-culture showed increased OPN concentration, which is a major protein of the osteoid involved in the mineralization process. TRAP activity was increased compared to single culture. ST2 single culture showed higher ALP activity compared to the co-culture. VEGF concentration of the co-culture was strongly increased. The results indicate the importance of using co-cultures to fabricate bone tissue by biofabrication. Especially the influence of the osteoblast/osteoclast crosstalk, in an early stage of bone formation, is shown here, using a 3D hydrogel based cell culture model created by biofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Zehnder
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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27
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Salinas-Muñoz M, Garrido-Flores M, Baeza M, Huamán-Chipana P, García-Sesnich J, Bologna R, Vernal R, Hernández M. Bone resorptive activity in symptomatic and asymptomatic apical lesions of endodontic origin. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 21:2613-2618. [PMID: 28261746 PMCID: PMC5632344 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to assess the levels and diagnostic accuracy of a set of bone resorption biomarkers, including TRAP-5, RANKL, and OPG in symptomatic and asymptomatic apical lesions and controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Apical tissues from symptomatic and asymptomatic apical periodontitis patients and periodontal ligaments from healthy teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons were processed for tissue homogenization and the levels of TRAP-5, RANKL, and OPG were determined by multiplex assay. Marker levels were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis test, and diagnostic accuracy was analyzed with ROC curves. RESULTS Higher levels of RANKL, OPG, and RANKL/OPG ratio were determined in both types of apical lesions compared to healthy periodontal ligament, whereas higher TRAP-5 levels were found only in symptomatic apical lesions (p < 0.05). OPG, RANKL, and RANKL/OPG ratio showed diagnostic potential to identify apical lesions versus healthy controls (AUC = 0.69, p < 0.05); while TRAP-5 showed a potential to discriminate symptomatic versus asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AUC = 0.71, p < 0.05) and healthy controls (AUC = 0.83, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Apical lesions showed higher RANKL and OPG levels than healthy tissues. TRAP-5 levels were the highest in symptomatic apical lesions, suggesting that these represent a progressive state, and showed diagnostic potential. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinically symptomatic apical periodontitis might represent biologically progressive apical lesions based on TRAP5 levels. TRAP5 has diagnostic potential to identify these lesions, representing a candidate prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salinas-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Garrido-Flores
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Baeza
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Huamán-Chipana
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J García-Sesnich
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Bologna
- Molecular Pathology Area, School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - R Vernal
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Hernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Av. Sergio Livingstone 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
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Martín-Fernández M, Valencia K, Zandueta C, Ormazábal C, Martínez-Canarias S, Lecanda F, de la Piedra C. The Usefulness of Bone Biomarkers for Monitoring Treatment Disease: A Comparative Study in Osteolytic and Osteosclerotic Bone Metastasis Models. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:255-261. [PMID: 28214773 PMCID: PMC5314437 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The skeleton is the most common site of colonization by metastatic cancers. Zoledronic acid (ZA) has been shown to be effective for the treatment of bone metastases regardless of whether the bone lesions are osteolytic or osteoblastic. Biochemical markers of bone turnover may be useful tools to quantify the degree of bone remodeling in the presence of bone metastases. The aim of this work was to establish the correlation between tumor dispersion (bioluminescence) and biochemical markers of bone turnover in two osteolytic and osteoblastic metastasis models in mice. METHODS: The A549M1 cell line that produces osteolytic metastases and the LADOB cell line extracted from a patient with a lung carcinoma and osteoblastic metastases cells were retrovirally transduced with a luciferase reporter gene for in vivo image analysis. Forty-four-week–old mice were inoculated in the left cardiac ventricle with A549M1 or LADOB cells. Twenty mouse of each group were treated with a single dose of ZA (70 μg/kg) 5 days after i.c. Ten animals of each group were sacrificed at 21 and 28 days postinoculation in A549M1 and 60 and 75 days in the LADOB assay. Bioluminescence analysis was quantified 7, 14, 21 ,and 28 days postinoculation in A549M1 mice and 33, 45, 60, and 75 days after inoculation in LADOB mice. Osteocalcin (BGP), aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen I (PINP), carboxiterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), and 5b isoenzyme of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were measured by ELISA (IDS, UK). RESULTS: Bioluminescence imaging revealed a significant increase of tumor burden on time in both osteolytic and osteoblastic mice models. ZA administration resulted in a significant decrease in tumor burden at 21 and 28 days in the A549M1 animals and 60 and 70 days postinoculation in the LADOB line. Biomarkers levels were significantly increased in the untreated group at every point in the osteolytic model. In the osteoblastic model, 2 months after inoculation, all biomarkers were significantly increased. However, 2.5 months postinoculation, only PINP and CTX were significantly increased. Serum bone remodeling markers decreased in ZA-treated mice as compared with tumor groups in both models. With respect to the correlation between bone turnover markers and tumor burden, in the osteolytic model, PINP and BGP demonstrate a strong correlation with bioluminescence in both tumoral and ZA animals, and only CTX was significantly associated with bioluminescence in the group of animals that were not treated with ZA. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the best biomarkers for the diagnosis of both osteolytic and osteoblastic metastasis are formation markers, especially BGP. Moreover, these markers can be useful in the follow-up of the treatment with ZA in both types of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martín-Fernández
- Bioquímica Investigación, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karmele Valencia
- Adhesion and Metastasis Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carolina Zandueta
- Adhesion and Metastasis Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Ormazábal
- Adhesion and Metastasis Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Susana Martínez-Canarias
- Adhesion and Metastasis Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Adhesion and Metastasis Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Concepción de la Piedra
- Bioquímica Investigación, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Clarke SA, Martin J, Nelson J, Hornez JC, Bohner M, Dunne N, Buchanan F. Surrogate Outcome Measures of In Vitro Osteoclast Resorption of β Tricalcium Phosphate. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 27930865 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of porosity to calcium phosphate scaffolds for bone repair has created a new challenge when measuring bioresorption in vitro, rendering traditional outcome measures redundant. The aim of this study is to identify a surrogate endpoint for use with 3D scaffolds. Murine RAW 264.7 cells are cultured on dense discs of β-tricalcium phosphate in conditions to stimulate osteoclast (OC) formation. Multinucleated OCs are visible from day 6 with increases at days 8 and 10. Resorption pits are first observed at day 6 with much larger pits visible at days 8, 10, and 12. The concentration of calcium ions in the presence of cells is significantly higher than cell-free cultures at days 3 and 9. Using linear regression analysis, Ca ion release could account for 35.9% of any subsequent change in resorption area. The results suggest that Ca ion release is suitable to measure resorption of a beta-tricalcium phosphate ceramic substrate in vitro. This model could replace the more accepted resorption pit assay in circumstances where quantification of pits is not possible, e.g., when characterizing 3D tissue engineered bone scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A. Clarke
- School of Nursing and Midwifery; Medical Biology Centre; 97, Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7BL UK
| | - Joanne Martin
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Queen's University Belfast; Ashby Building, Stranmillis Rd Belfast BT9 5AH UK
| | - John Nelson
- School of Biological Sciences; Queens University Belfast; MBC, 97 Lisburn Rd Belfast BT9 7BL UK
| | | | - Marc Bohner
- Skeletal Substitutes Group; RMS Foundation; Bischmattstr. 12 CH-2544 Bettlach Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Queen's University Belfast; Ashby Building, Stranmillis Rd Belfast BT9 5AH UK
| | - Fraser Buchanan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Queen's University Belfast; Ashby Building, Stranmillis Rd Belfast BT9 5AH UK
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Song M, Huo H, Cao Z, Han Y, Gao L. Aluminum Trichloride Inhibits the Rat Osteoblasts Mineralization In Vitro. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 175:186-193. [PMID: 27260532 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is an accumulative toxic metal. Excessive Al accumulation inhibits osteoblasts mineralization and induces osteoporosis. However, the inhibition mechanism of Al on the mineralization is not fully understood. Thus, in this study, the rat osteoblasts were cultured and exposed to 0 mmol L-1 (control group, CG) and 0.52 mmol L-1 aluminum trichloride (AlCl3, treatment group, TG) for 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. We found that mineralized matrix nodules, the activity of bone alkaline phosphatase, the concentration of extracellular calcium, the mRNA expression of type-I collagen, the mRNA and protein expressions of osteopontin, osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein were all decreased, while the concentration of extracellular phosphorus was increased in TG compared with CG with time prolonged. Taken together, these results indicated that AlCl3 inhibited osteoblasts mineralization in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hui Huo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Li Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Novel therapeutic intervention for osteoporosis prepared with strontium hydroxyapatite and zoledronic acid: In vitro and pharmacodynamic evaluation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 71:698-708. [PMID: 27987763 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis therapeutics has been monopolized mainly by bisphosphonates, which are potent anti-osteoporotic drugs, while they do not promote bone formation or replenish the already resorbed bone. Although strontium substituted hydroxyapatite (SrHA) has been proclaimed to improve bone properties in an osteoporotic animal model, there is no published data on direct delivery of SrHA nanoparticles by bisphosphonate-like zoledronic acid (ZOL) to the bone. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the potential of using SrHA/ZOL nanoparticle-based drug formulation in an ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. SrHA and SrHA/ZOL nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Twelve weeks after ovariectomy, rats were treated with either single intravenous dose of SrHA/ZOL (100, 50 or 25μg/kg); ZOL (100μg/kg); or SrHA (100μg/kg). Saline-treated OVX and SHAM-OVX groups served as controls. The energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis of bone specimen obtained from SrHA/ZOL groups yielded range between 64.3±6.7 to 66.9±6.8 of calcium weight (wt) % and 1.64±0.6 to 1.74±0.8 of calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio which was significantly higher when compared with 39.7±9.3 calcium and 1.30±0.2 Ca/P ratio for OVX group. Moreover, the strontium wt% in SrHA/ZOL group (between 3.1±0.5 and 6.8±0.4) was significantly higher than SrHA group (1.8±0.9). These results confirmed targeted delivery of SrHA nanoparticles by ZOL to the bone. Therapy with SrHA/ZOL showed significant improvements in trabecular bone microarchitecture and mechanical strength as compared to ZOL or SrHA (p<0.05). Moreover, treatment with SrHA/ZOL significantly precluded an increase in serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase than either ZOL or SrHA (p<0.05). These results strongly implicate that SrHA/ZOL nanoparticle-based drug formulation showed better efficacy at a much lower dose of ZOL. SrHA/ZOL drug formulation has a therapeutic advantage over ZOL or SrHA monotherapy for experimental osteoporosis.
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Sun X, Liu J, Zhuang C, Yang X, Han Y, Shao B, Song M, Li Y, Zhu Y. Aluminum trichloride induces bone impairment through TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Toxicology 2016; 371:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Khajuria DK, Disha C, Vasireddi R, Razdan R, Mahapatra DR. Risedronate/zinc-hydroxyapatite based nanomedicine for osteoporosis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 63:78-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Lin CM, Fan HC, Chao TY, Chu DM, Lai CC, Wang CC, Chen SJ. Potential effects of valproate and oxcarbazepine on growth velocity and bone metabolism in epileptic children- a medical center experience. BMC Pediatr 2016; 16:61. [PMID: 27142370 PMCID: PMC4855910 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children with longstanding use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are susceptible to developing low bone mineral density and an increased fracture risk. However, the literature regarding the effects of AEDs on growth in epileptic children is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of valproate (VPA) and/or oxcarbazepine (OXC) therapy on growth velocity and bone metabolism. Methods Seventy-three ambulatory children (40 boys and 33 girls) with epilepsy, aged between 1 and 18 years (mean age 9.8 ± 4.1 years), were evaluated for growth velocity before and for 1 year after VPA and/or OXC treatment. The bone resorption marker serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAcP5b) and the bone formation marker serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) were measured post-AEDs therapy for 1 year. Results The difference in growth velocity (ΔHt) and body weight change (ΔWt) between pre- and post-AEDs treatment were -1.0 ± 2.8 cm/year (P < 0.05) and 0.1 ± 3.9 kg/year (P = 0.84), respectively. The study population had serum TRAcP5b-SDS of -1.6 ± 1.2 and BAP-SDS of 1.7 ± 3.7 compared with sex- and age-matched healthy children. Significant correlation between serum TRAcP 5b and BAP activities was noted (r = 0.60, p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between growth velocity and serum TRAcP 5b activity after AED treatment (r = 0.42, p < 0.01). No correlation was found between ΔHt, ΔWt, serum TRAcP 5b, BAP activity and types of AEDs. Conclusion Growth velocity was significantly decreased in epileptic children after 1 year of VPA and/or OXC treatment. The effect of VPA and/or OXC therapy on dysregulation of bone metabolism might play a crucial role in physical growth. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-016-0597-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ming Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Cheng-Kung Road, Section 2, Nei-Hu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Cheng-Kung Road, Section 6, Nei-Hu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Cheng-Kung Road, Section 2, Nei-Hu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, No.699, Section 1, Zhongqi Road, Wuqi Township, Taichung, 435, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Yi Chao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Cheng-Kung Road, Section 6, Nei-Hu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Shuang Ho Hospital, No.291, Zhongzheng Road, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No.252, Wu Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Der-Ming Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Cheng-Kung Road, Section 2, Nei-Hu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chieh Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Cheng-Kung Road, Section 2, Nei-Hu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Cheng-Kung Road, Section 2, Nei-Hu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Shyi-Jou Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Cheng-Kung Road, Section 2, Nei-Hu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan.
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Nishimukai A, Higuchi T, Ozawa H, Yanai A, Miyagawa Y, Murase K, Imamura M, Takatsuka Y, Miyoshi Y. Different patterns of change in bone turnover markers during treatment with bone-modifying agents for breast cancer patients with bone metastases. Breast Cancer 2016; 24:245-253. [DOI: 10.1007/s12282-016-0695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chypre M, Seaman J, Cordeiro OG, Willen L, Knoop KA, Buchanan A, Sainson RCA, Williams IR, Yagita H, Schneider P, Mueller CG. Characterization and application of two RANK-specific antibodies with different biological activities. Immunol Lett 2016; 171:5-14. [PMID: 26773232 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies play an important role in therapy and investigative biomedical research. The TNF-family member Receptor Activator of NF-κB (RANK) is known for its role in bone homeostasis and is increasingly recognized as a central player in immune regulation and epithelial cell activation. However, the study of RANK biology has been hampered by missing or insufficient characterization of high affinity tools that recognize RANK. Here, we present a careful description and comparison of two antibodies, RANK-02 obtained by phage display (Newa, 2014 [1]) and R12-31 generated by immunization (Kamijo, 2006 [2]). We found that both antibodies recognized mouse RANK with high affinity, while RANK-02 and R12-31 recognized human RANK with high and lower affinities, respectively. Using a cell apoptosis assay based on stimulation of a RANK:Fas fusion protein, and a cellular NF-κB signaling assay, we showed that R12-31 was agonist for both species. R12-31 interfered little or not at all with the binding of RANKL to RANK, in contrast to RANK-02 that efficiently prevented this interaction. Depending on the assay and species, RANK-02 was either a weak agonist or a partial antagonist of RANK. Both antibodies recognized human Langerhans cells, previously shown to express RANK, while dermal dendritic cells were poorly labeled. In vivo R12-31 agonist activity was demonstrated by its ability to induce the formation of intestinal villous microfold cells in mice. This characterization of two monoclonal antibodies should now allow better evaluation of their application as therapeutic reagents and investigative tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Chypre
- CNRS UPR 3572, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France; Prestwick Chemical, Blvd Gonthier d'Andernach, Parc d'innovation, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | | | - Olga G Cordeiro
- CNRS UPR 3572, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Laure Willen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Kathryn A Knoop
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | - Ifor R Williams
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Christopher G Mueller
- CNRS UPR 3572, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France.
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Minarik J, Hermanova Z, Petrova P, Hrbek J, Zapletalova J, Krhovska P, Flodr P, Pika T, Bacovsky J, Flodrova P, Herman M, Scudla V. Prospective study of signalling pathways in myeloma bone disease with regard to activity of the disease, extent of skeletal involvement and correlation to bone turnover markers. Eur J Haematol 2015; 97:201-7. [PMID: 26613192 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of our study was to address the utility of serum levels of selected parameters of myeloma bone disease (MBD) signalling with regard to the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), activity, markers of bone turnover and extent of skeletal changes. PATIENTS AND METHODS We assessed prospectively 77 individuals with monoclonal gammopathies - 46 patients with active MM (AMM), 12 patients with smouldering MM (SMM) and 19 individuals with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to determine the role of HGF, MIP-1α, Syndecan-1, osteoprotegerin, Activin A, DKK1, Annexin A2 and NF-κB. RESULTS We found significant differences of most of the parameters between MGUS and AMM, and with respect to the activity of MM assessed by International Staging System. Most of the parameters of MBD signalling correlated with traditional markers of bone turnover. CONCLUSIONS All the signalling pathways were activated in MM with more pronounced osteoclastogenesis in comparison with bone formation but not in MGUS regardless of its risk category, suggesting that MBD is not activated in MGUS until the process of transformation into MM. The parameters of MBD signalling might precede the increase of conventional parameters of bone turnover suggesting their possible role in early indication of anti-resorption therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Minarik
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Hermanova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Petrova
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hrbek
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zapletalova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Krhovska
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Flodr
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Pika
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Bacovsky
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Flodrova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Herman
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Scudla
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Mokhtar GM, Tantawy AAG, Hamed AAS, Adly AAM, Ismail EAR, Makkeyah SM. Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b in Young Patients With Sickle Cell Disease and Trait Siblings: Relation to Vasculopathy and Bone Mineral Density. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2015; 23:64-71. [PMID: 26149452 DOI: 10.1177/1076029615594001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone involvement is a frequent cause of acute morbidity in sickle cell disease (SCD). Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b), a bone resorption marker, is produced specifically by activated osteoclasts. We assessed bone mineral density (BMD) in 30 young patients with SCD and 17 asymptomatic patients with sickle cell trait (SCT) compared with 32 healthy controls and determined TRACP 5b levels in relation to vascular complications. Serum ferritin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and TRACP 5b were measured. Echocardiography was performed with assessment of BMD using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The BMD was decreased in patients with SCD compared with SCT and controls (P = .005), with no significant difference between the latter 2 groups. Patients with SCD had higher incidence of bone complications than SCT group and controls (P = .03). The SCD group with abnormal DXA scan had higher ferritin and ALP than normal BMD. Serum TRACP 5b was significantly higher in patients with SCD than SCT and controls (P = .003). The TRACP 5b levels were associated with severe vaso-occlusive crisis (P = .022). Patients treated with hydroxyurea and those on chelation therapy had lower TRACP 5b levels than untreated patients. The TRACP 5b level was positively correlated with lactate dehydrogenase, while there was no relation with ferritin, ALP, or BMD. We suggest that bone complications frequently occur in SCD as reflected by low BMD and high ALP and TRACP 5b. Hemolysis and iron overload may be involved in the occurrence of these complications. The lack of correlation between abnormal DXA scan and high TRACP 5b suggests that bone disease in SCD is multifactorial.
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Khajuria DK, Razdan R, Mahapatra DR. Additive effects of zoledronic acid and propranolol on bone density and biochemical markers of bone turnover in osteopenic ovariectomized rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbre.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Additive effects of zoledronic acid and propranolol on bone density and biochemical markers of bone turnover in osteopenic ovariectomized rats. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2014; 55:103-12. [PMID: 25582996 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to investigate further the efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid (ZOL) and propranolol (PRO) as monotherapy and combination therapy in a rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS Female Wistar rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated at 3 months of age. Twelve weeks post-surgery, rats were randomized into six groups: (1) sham + vehicle; (2) OVX + vehicle; (3) OVX + ZOL (100 μg/kg, i.v. single dose); (4) OVX + ZOL (50 μg/kg, i.v. single dose); (5) OVX + PRO (0.1 mg/kg, s.c. 5 days per week); (6) OVX + ZOL (50 μg/kg, i.v. single dose) + PRO (0.1 mg/kg, s.c. 5 days per week) for 12 weeks. After treatment, femurs were tested for bone density, porosity and trabecular micro-architecture. Biochemical markers in serum and urine were also determined. RESULTS Combined treatment with ZOL plus PRO corrected decrease in serum calcium and increase in serum alkaline phosphatase and tartarate resistant acid phosphatase level better than single-drug therapy using ZOL or PRO. Moreover, combined treatment with ZOL plus PRO corrected increase in urine calcium, phosphorous and creatinine level better than single-drug therapy using ZOL or PRO. Combination therapy using ZOL plus PRO also preserved the trabecular micro-architecture and cortical bone porosity. CONCLUSION These data suggest that combined treatment with ZOL plus PRO could be more effective approach for treating severe osteoporosis in humans.
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Zhou J, Ma XN, Gao YH, Yan JL, Shi WG, Xian CJ, Chen KM. Sinusoidal electromagnetic fields promote bone formation and inhibit bone resorption in rat femoral tissuesin vitro. Electromagn Biol Med 2014; 35:75-83. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2014.971958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Hameed A, Brady JJ, Dowling P, Clynes M, O'Gorman P. Bone disease in multiple myeloma: pathophysiology and management. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2014; 7:33-42. [PMID: 25187738 PMCID: PMC4133035 DOI: 10.4137/cgm.s16817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myeloma bone disease (MBD) is a devastating complication of multiple myeloma (MM). More than 80% of MM patients suffer from destructive bony lesions, leading to pain, fractures, mobility issues, and neurological deficits. MBD is not only a main cause of disability and morbidity in MM patients but also increases the cost of management. Bone destruction and lack of bone formation are main factors in the development of MBD. Some novel factors are found to be involved in the pathogenesis of MBD, eg, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) system (RANKL/OPG), Wingless (Wnt), dickkopf-1 (Wnt/DKK1) pathway. The addition of novel agents in the treatment of MM, use of bisphosphonates and other supportive modalities such as radiotherapy, vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty, and surgical interventions, all have significant roles in the treatment of MBD. This review provides an overview on the pathophysiology and management of MBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hameed
- Medical Oncology Department, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan. ; Mater Misericordaie University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. ; Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer J Brady
- Department of Biochemistry, Mater Misericordaie University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Dowling
- National Institute for cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter O'Gorman
- National Institute for cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland. ; Hematology Department, Mater Misericordaie University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Khajuria DK, Razdan R, Mahapatra DR. Zoledronic acid in combination with alfacalcidol has additive effects on trabecular microarchitecture and mechanical properties in osteopenic ovariectomized rats. J Orthop Sci 2014; 19:646-56. [PMID: 24668309 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-014-0557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted the present study to investigate the therapeutic effects of the antiresorptive agent zoledronic acid (ZOL), alone and in combination with alfacalcidol (ALF), in a rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS Female Wistar rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated at 3 months of age. Twelve weeks post surgery, rats were randomized into six groups: (1) sham + vehicle, (2) OVX + vehicle, (3) OVX + ZOL (100 μg/kg, i.v. single dose), (4) OVX + ZOL (50 μg/kg, i.v. single dose), (5) OVX + ALF (0.5 μg/kg, oral gauge daily) and (6) OVX + ZOL (50 μg/kg, i.v. single dose) + ALF (0.5 μg/kg, oral gauge daily) for 12 weeks. After treatment, we evaluated the mechanical properties of the lumbar vertebra and femoral mid-shaft. Femurs were also tested for bone density, porosity and trabecular micro-architecture. Biochemical markers in serum and urine were also determined. RESULTS With respect to improvement in the mechanical strength of the lumbar spine and the femoral mid-shaft, the combination treatment of ZOL and ALF was more effective than each administered as a monotherapy. Moreover, combination therapy using ZOL and ALF preserved the trabecular micro-architecture and cortical bone porosity. Furthermore, the combination treatment of ZOL and ALF corrected the decrease in serum calcium and increase in serum alkaline phosphatase and the tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase level better than single-drug therapy using ZOL or ALF in OVX rats. In addition, the combination treatment of ZOL and ALF corrected the increase in urine calcium, phosphorous and creatinine levels better than single-drug therapy using ZOL or ALF in OVX rats. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the combination treatment of ZOL and ALF has a therapeutic advantage over each monotherapy for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Solberg LB, Brorson SH, Stordalen GA, Bækkevold ES, Andersson G, Reinholt FP. Increased tartrate-resistant Acid phosphatase expression in osteoblasts and osteocytes in experimental osteoporosis in rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 94:510-21. [PMID: 24395179 PMCID: PMC4148331 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is known as an osteoclast marker, but osteoblasts and osteocytes in the vicinity of bone remodeling sites also express TRAP. Cell culture studies suggest that osteoblasts endocytose osteoclastic TRAP for inactivation. To evaluate whether changes in osteoclast activity could alter TRAP expression in osteoblasts and/or osteocytes in vivo, we studied the ovariectomized and vitamin D-deficient rat (Ovx-D) and rats healing from rickets. Bone sections were analyzed for TRAP gene expression by in situ hybridization, TRAP protein by immunogold labeling, and TRAP enzyme activity using the fluorescent substrate ELF97. Osteoblasts and osteocytes close to intracortical remodeling sites and bone surfaces demonstrated TRAP, most prominently in cancellous bone and osteocytes. Intracellular TRAP was located to electron-dense vesicles with similar morphology in both cell types. Ovx-D increased osteoclast activity (p < 0.001) and ELF97⁺ osteocytes (p < 0.05) in cancellous bone, but no corresponding increase was observed in the osteocyte lacunar area. The level of TRAP⁺ vesicles in cortical osteoblasts (p < 0.01) in Ovx-D rats was also increased. Enhanced osteoclast activity was noted in healing rickets after 72 h (p < 0.05), but no differences in TRAP expression were detected in osteoblasts or osteocytes. Thus, increased osteoclast activity does not affect TRAP expression in osteoblasts and osteocytes, favoring the notion that increased TRAP in these cells is rather due to increased synthesis. Although the role of TRAP in osteoblasts and osteocytes remains elusive, we speculate that the function is related to the capability of the enzyme to regulate the phosphorylation of proteins known to be expressed by these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene B. Solberg
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postbox 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre-Henning Brorson
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postbox 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild A. Stordalen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postbox 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen S. Bækkevold
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postbox 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Göran Andersson
- Division of Pathology, F46, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Finn P. Reinholt
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postbox 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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Detection of Bone Metastases in Breast Cancer (BC) Patients by Serum Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b), a Bone Resorption Marker and Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), a Bone Formation Marker, in Lieu of Whole Body Skeletal Scintigraphy with Technetium99m MDP. Indian J Clin Biochem 2013; 30:66-71. [PMID: 25646043 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-013-0399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bone metastases are a serious problem in patients with advanced cancer disease and their presence usually signifies serious morbidity prior to the patient's death. In breast cancer patients the incidence of bone metastasis is observed to be very high at 70 %, as seen during post-mortem examination. Bone metastasis is difficult to diagnose, treat or follow clinically without radiological tools. This study was designed to evaluate the utility of a novel bone resorption marker-serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b) and the bone formation marker such as serum total alkaline phosphatase (ALP), in comparison with whole body skeletal scintigraphy with Technetium99m MDP for the diagnosis of bone metastases (BM) in breast cancer (BC) patients. This study is intended to help the clinician to diagnose bone metastasis without resorting to radiological tools, as they are not cost effective and carry the risk of radiation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Four groups of samples were analysed. 1st group consists 52 normal female (cancer free women), 2nd group consists 38 BC patients without bone metastasis, 3rd group consists 27 breast cancer patients with limited bone metastasis (3 or less than 3 skeletal lesions) and 4th group consists 35 breast cancer patients with extensive bone metastasis (4 or more than 4 skeletal lesions), conformed by whole body skeletal scintigraphy with Technetium99m MDP. One way ANOVA was used to compare serum TRACP5b and serum ALP among these groups. Both serum TRACP5b and serum ALP are not markedly elevated in limited bone metastasis but are strongly elevated in extensive bone metastasis (p < 0.0001). As seen in this study the biochemical bone resorption marker, serum TRACP5b, abnormally increased in extensive bone metastasis of breast cancer patients and can be used as a specific marker for bone metastasis in lieu of radiological tools.
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Changes in bone mineral density in uterine cervical cancer patients after radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013; 87:968-74. [PMID: 24139516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively investigate the changes in bone mineral density (BMD) after pelvic radiation therapy in patients with uterine cervical cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS Of 52 cervical cancer patients who received pelvic RT in our university hospital between 2009 and 2011, 46 patients without recurrence and who were followed up for more than 12 months were included in the study. The BMD of the irradiated region and nonirradiated regions, serum estradiol, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b, and N-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of collagen 1 were measured before, at 3 months after, and at 12 months after RT. The patient cohort was divided into 2 groups according to estradiol level before RT, and the groups were defined as postmenopausal (<40 pg/mL) and premenopausal (≥40 pg/mL). RESULTS The mean BMDs within the irradiation field (lumbar vertebra 5) in the postmenopausal and the premenopausal groups were 0.825 and 0.910 g/cm(2) before RT and 0.746 and 0.841 g/cm(2) 12 months after RT, respectively. Significant decreases were observed in both groups (P<.05 and P<.01, respectively). In addition, in the premenopausal group the mean BMDs of the nonirradiated regions at thoracic vertebrae 9-12 and lumbar vertebrae 2-4 were 0.753 and 0.958 g/cm(2) before RT and were significantly decreased to 0.706 and 0.921 g/cm(2) 12 months after RT (P<.01 and P<.05, respectively). Estradiol significantly decreased 3 months after RT, whereas tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b and N-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of collagen 1 continued to increase over time in the premenopausal group. CONCLUSIONS A decrease in BMD in the irradiated region after RT was observed within 1 year, regardless of menopausal status. Furthermore, in premenopausal patients, pelvic RT caused a decrease in systemic BMD.
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Tang C, Liu Y, Qin H, Li X, Guo W, Li J, Wang W, Qu L, Hu H, Xu C, Zheng L, Huang Y, Liu B, Gao H, Halleen JM, Liu X. Clinical significance of serum BAP, TRACP 5b and ICTP as bone metabolic markers for bone metastasis screening in lung cancer patients. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 426:102-7. [PMID: 24055775 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the clinical significance of serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRACP 5b) and type I collagen carboxyterminal telopeptide (ICTP) as bone metabolic markers for bone metastasis (BM) screening in lung cancer patients. METHODS Newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer patients with (N = 130) and without (N = 135) BM were enrolled in the study. Serum BAP, TRACP 5b and ICTP were measured before the treatment. RESULTS BAP, TRACP 5b and ICTP values were higher in patients with BM compared with patients without BM (all P < 0.0001). Area under ROC curve (AUC) of BAP, TRACP 5b and ICTP was 0.760, 0.753 and 0.835 (all P < 0.0001), respectively. The cut-off values for BAP, TRACP 5b and ICTP were 21.8 μg/l, 7.8 U/l and 8.8 μg/l, respectively. When TRACP 5b and ICTP were combined, AUC was elevated to 0.895 (P < 0.0001), and the cut-off values were TRACP 5b 7.6 U/l and ICTP 8.4 μg/l. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that serum BAP, TRACP 5b and ICTP may serve as useful tools for BM screening in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhao Tang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No. 8 Dongdajie, Beijing 100071, China
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Wakabayashi H, Nakajima K, Mizokami A, Namiki M, Inaki A, Taki J, Kinuya S. Bone scintigraphy as a new imaging biomarker: the relationship between bone scan index and bone metabolic markers in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases. Ann Nucl Med 2013; 27:802-7. [PMID: 23828554 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-013-0749-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A computer-aided diagnosis system for bone scintigraphy with a semiquantitative index from the Bone Scan Index (BSI) has been used to quantify the spread of bone metastases. However, few papers have made clear associations among BSI, bone metabolic markers, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). This retrospective study aimed to examine these relationships in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases. METHODS A total of 158 scans from 52 patients (number of median examinations/person 3, range 1-8; median age 71 years, age range 46-86) were included. The intervals between bone scans and blood examinations were 0-16 days (median 0 day). The serum markers of PSA, pyridinoline cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (1-CTP), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRACP-5b) were examined. Subjects were divided into 4 groups according to BSI; Group A: 0 to <2, Group B: 2 to <4, Group C: 4 to <8, and Group D: over 8. BSI, which corresponded to the amount of metastatic lesion, was automatically calculated by BONENAVI(®) software (FUJIFILM RI Pharma, Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Exini Bone, Exini Diagnostics, Sweden). RESULTS All bone scans showed high uptake with bone metastases. BSI was correlated significantly with the serum 1-CTP, serum BAP, serum TRACP-5b, logBAP, logTRACP-5b, and logPSA (r = 0.39, 0.66, 0.69, 0.71, 0.62 and 0.41, respectively). BSI did not correlate significantly with the serum PSA. The statistical F value was 11 in the serum 1-CTP, 31 in serum BAP, 29 in logBAP, 19 in serum TRACP-5b, 14 in logTRACP-5b, 3 in serum PSA, and 9 in logPSA by analysis of variance. Comparison by Dunnett's test showed significantly higher values in Group D for all original bone metabolic markers and the logPSA, Group C for the serum BAP, logBAP, serum TRACP-5b, and logTRACP-5b, and Group B for the logTRACP-5b compared with Group A. CONCLUSION The changes in BSI showed a close relationship with all bone metabolic markers but not with the serum PSA. The BSI is confirmed to reflect the activity and extent of bone metastases, and can be used as an imaging biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Wakabayashi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan,
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Coussirat C, Batista C, Schneider RH, Resende TDL, Schwanke CHA. Vitaminas B12, B6, B9 e homocisteína e sua relação com a massa óssea em idosos. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1809-98232012000300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
O número de idosos nos últimos anos tem apresentado incremento em todo o mundo, o que acaba gerando inúmeras preocupações com a saúde dessa população, já que nessa fase da vida as alterações fisiológicas os tornam mais propensos a doenças, principalmente as crônicas não-transmissíveis. A osteoporose, uma doença osteometabólica frequente nos idosos, torna-se alvo de importantes estudos, uma vez que suas consequências afetam tanto a saúde física quanto a psicossocial. Contudo, são diversos os fatores que predispõem à osteoporose, entre os quais a deficiência de vitamina B12, vitamina B9 (folato) e vitamina B6 (piridoxina). A carência dessas vitaminas eleva os níveis de homocisteína, que age interferindo nas ligações cruzadas do colágeno, resultando em diminuição da resistência óssea e, consequentemente, na osteoporose e fraturas ósseas tanto em homens quanto em mulheres. Nesse contexto, este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura nas bases de dados LILACS e PubMed, sobre a relação dos níveis séricos de vitamina B12, folato, vitamina B6 e homocisteína com a diminuição da massa óssea em idosos.
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Anand A, Srivastava PK. A molecular description of acid phosphatase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:2174-97. [PMID: 22684363 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acid phosphatase is ubiquitous in distribution in various organisms. Although it catalyzes simple hydrolytic reactions, it is considered as an interesting enzyme in biological systems due to its involvement in different physiological activities. However, earlier reviews on acid phosphatase reveal some fragmentary information and do not give a holistic view on this enzyme. So, the present review summarizes studies on biochemical properties, structure, catalytic mechanism, and applications of acid phosphatase. Recent advancement of acid phosphatase in agricultural and clinical fields is emphasized where it is presented as potent agent for sustainable agricultural practices and diagnostic marker in bone metabolic disorders. Also, its significance in prostate cancer therapies as a therapeutic target has been discussed. At the end, current studies and prospects of immobilized acid phosphatase are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Anand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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