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Luo Q, Li Z, Liu B, Ding J. Hydrogel formulations for orthotopic treatment of myocardial infarction. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024. [PMID: 39323051 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2409906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocardial infarction (MI) causes extensive structural and functional damage to the cardiac tissue due to the significant loss of cardiomyocytes. Early reperfusion is the standard treatment strategy for acute MI, but it is associated with adverse effects. Additionally, current therapies to alleviate pathological changes post-MI are not effective. Subsequent pathological remodeling of the damaged myocardium often results in heart failure. Oral drugs aimed at reducing myocardial damage and remodeling require repeated administration of high doses to maintain therapeutic levels. This compromises efficacy and patient adherence and may cause adverse effects, such as hypotension and liver and/or kidney dysfunction. Hydrogels have emerged as an effective delivery platform for orthotopic treatment of MI due to their high water content and excellent tissue compatibility. AREA COVERED Hydrogels provide an optimal microenvironment for delivering drugs, proteins, and cells, preserving their efficacy and increasing their bioavailability. Current research is focused on discovering functional hydrogels for mitigating myocardial damage and regulating repair processes in MI treatment. EXPERT OPINION Hydrogels represent a promising frontier in enhancing cardiac repair and improving patient outcomes post-MI. Further advancements in hydrogel technology are poised to transform MI therapy, paving the way for personalized treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
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Inouye K, Yeganyan S, Kay K, Thankam FG. Programmed spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes in regenerative cardiology. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:790-796. [PMID: 38520412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells have gained attention as a promising therapeutic approach for damaged myocardium, and there have been efforts to develop a protocol for regenerating cardiomyocytes (CMs). Certain cells have showed a greater aptitude for yielding beating CMs, such as induced pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells and extended pluripotent stem cells. The approach for generating CMs from stem cells differs across studies, although there is evidence that Wnt signaling, chemical additives, electrical stimulation, co-culture, biomaterials and transcription factors triggers CM differentiation. Upregulation of Gata4, Mef2c and Tbx5 transcription factors has been correlated with successfully induced CMs, although Mef2c may potentially play a more prominent role in the generation of the beating phenotype, specifically. Regenerative research provides a possible candidate for cardiac repair; however, it is important to identify factors that influence their differentiation. Altogether, the spontaneously beating CMs would be monumental for regenerative research for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Inouye
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Yeganyan
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Kaelen Kay
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA.
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Yan R, Sun Y, Yang Y, Zhang R, Jiang Y, Meng Y. Mitochondria and NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiac hypertrophy. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1571-1582. [PMID: 37589860 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is the main adaptive response of the heart to chronic loads; however, prolonged or excessive hypertrophy promotes myocardial interstitial fibrosis, systolic dysfunction, and cardiomyocyte death, especially aseptic inflammation mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome, which can aggravate ventricular remodeling and myocardial damage, which is an important mechanism for the progression of heart failure. Various cardiac overloads can cause mitochondrial damage. In recent years, the mitochondria have been demonstrated to be involved in the inflammatory response during the development of cardiac hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo. As the NLRP3 inflammasome and mitochondria are regulators of inflammation and cardiac hypertrophy, we explored the potential functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac hypertrophy. In particular, we proposed that the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes may promote NLRP3-dependent inflammation during myocardial hypertrophy. Further in-depth studies could prompt valuable discoveries regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy, reveal novel anti-inflammatory therapies for cardiac hypertrophy, and provide more desirable therapeutic outcomes for patients with cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, NO.990 Qinghua Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Pathology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, NO.990 Qinghua Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rongchao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujiao Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, NO.990 Qinghua Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, NO.990 Qinghua Street, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Ding J, Ji R, Wang Z, Jia Y, Meng T, Song X, Gao J, He Q. Cardiovascular protection of YiyiFuzi powder and the potential mechanisms through modulating mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum interactions. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1405545. [PMID: 38978978 PMCID: PMC11228702 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1405545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death worldwide and represent a major public health challenge. YiyiFuzi Powder (YYFZ), composed of Coicis semen and Fuzi, is a classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription from the Synopsis of Golden Chamber dating back to the Han Dynasty. Historically, YYFZ has been used to treat various CVD, rooted in Chinese therapeutic principles. Network pharmacology analysis indicated that YYFZ may exhibit direct or indirect effects on mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interactions. This review, focusing on the cardiovascular protective effects of Coicis semen and Fuzi, summarizes the potential mechanisms by which YYFZ acts on mitochondria and the ER. The underlying mechanisms are associated with regulating cardiovascular risk factors (such as blood lipids and glucose), impacting mitochondrial structure and function, modulating ER stress, inhibiting oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory responses, regulating cellular apoptosis, and maintaining calcium ion balance. The involved pathways include, but were not limited to, upregulating the IGF-1/PI3K/AKT, cAMP/PKA, eNOS/NO/cGMP/SIRT1, SIRT1/PGC-1α, Klotho/SIRT1, OXPHOS/ATP, PPARα/PGC-1α/SIRT3, AMPK/JNK, PTEN/PI3K/AKT, β2-AR/PI3K/AKT, and modified Q cycle signaling pathways. Meanwhile, the MCU, NF-κB, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways were downregulated. The PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP, PERK/SREBP-1c/FAS, IRE1, PINK1-dependent mitophagy, and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways were bidirectionally regulated. High-quality experimental studies are needed to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of YYFZ in CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Ji
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhi Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Meng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbin Song
- Graduate School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyong He
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xu M, Wang W, Cheng J, Qu H, Xu M, Wang L. Effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on cellular function: Role in atherosclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116587. [PMID: 38636397 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, an immunoinflammatory disease of medium and large arteries, is associated with life-threatening clinical events, such as acute coronary syndromes and stroke. Chronic inflammation and impaired lipoprotein metabolism are considered to be among the leading causes of atherosclerosis, while numerous risk factors, including arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and aging, can contribute to the development of the disease. In recent years, emerging evidence has underlined the key role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is believed to result in an increase in reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and intracellular lipid deposition, all of which can contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Critical cells, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and macrophages, play an important role in atherosclerosis. Mitochondrial function is also involved in maintaining the normal function of these cells. To better understand the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, this review summarizes the findings of recent studies and discusses the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the risk factors and critical cells of atherosclerosis. FACTS: OPEN QUESTIONS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwen Xu
- Clinical Skills Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingpei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Basic Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hongen Qu
- Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Minjuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Liefeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Basic Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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Angelone T, Rocca C, Lionetti V, Penna C, Pagliaro P. Expanding the Frontiers of Guardian Antioxidant Selenoproteins in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:369-432. [PMID: 38299513 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Physiological levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) function as fundamental messengers for many cellular and developmental processes in the cardiovascular system. ROS/RNS involved in cardiac redox-signaling originate from diverse sources, and their levels are tightly controlled by key endogenous antioxidant systems that counteract their accumulation. However, dysregulated redox-stress resulting from inefficient removal of ROS/RNS leads to inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death, contributing to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent Advances: Basic and clinical studies demonstrate the critical role of selenium (Se) and selenoproteins (unique proteins that incorporate Se into their active site in the form of the 21st proteinogenic amino acid selenocysteine [Sec]), including glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, in cardiovascular redox homeostasis, representing a first-line enzymatic antioxidant defense of the heart. Increasing attention has been paid to emerging selenoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (i.e., a multifunctional intracellular organelle whose disruption triggers cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to multiple CVD), which are crucially involved in redox balance, antioxidant activity, and calcium and ER homeostasis. Critical Issues: This review focuses on endogenous antioxidant strategies with therapeutic potential, particularly selenoproteins, which are very promising but deserve more detailed and clinical studies. Future Directions: The importance of selective selenoproteins in embryonic development and the consequences of their mutations and inborn errors highlight the need to improve knowledge of their biological function in myocardial redox signaling. This could facilitate the development of personalized approaches for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CVD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 369-432.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Angelone
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmine Rocca
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Unit of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center "Health Science," Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- UOSVD Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Fondazione Toscana "Gabriele Monasterio," Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Penna
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
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Akhtar KH, Khan MS, Baron SJ, Zieroth S, Estep J, Burkhoff D, Butler J, Fudim M. The spectrum of post-myocardial infarction care: From acute ischemia to heart failure. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 82:15-25. [PMID: 38242191 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), with incidence ranging from 14% to 36% in patients admitted due to AMI. HF post-MI develops due to complex inter-play between macrovascular obstruction, microvascular dysfunction, myocardial stunning and remodeling, inflammation, and neuro-hormonal activation. Cardiogenic shock is an extreme presentation of HF post-MI and is associated with a high mortality. Early revascularization is the only therapy shown to improve survival in patients with cardiogenic shock. Treatment of HF post-MI requires prompt recognition and timely introduction of guideline-directed therapies to improve mortality and morbidity. This article aims to provide an up-to-date review on the incidence and pathogenesis of HF post-MI, current strategies to prevent and treat onset of HF post-MI, promising therapeutic strategies, and knowledge gaps in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawaja Hassan Akhtar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Suzanne J Baron
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shelley Zieroth
- Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jerry Estep
- Section of Heart Failure & Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Burkhoff
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marat Fudim
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Gao S, Wang K, Xiong K, Xiao S, Wu C, Zhou M, Li L, Yuan G, Jiang L, Xiong Q, Yang L. Unraveling the Nrf2-ARE Signaling Pathway in the DF-1 Chicken Fibroblast Cell Line: Insights into T-2 Toxin-Induced Oxidative Stress Regulation. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:627. [PMID: 37999490 PMCID: PMC10674583 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15110627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The T-2 toxin (T2) poses a major threat to the health and productivity of animals. The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of Nrf2 derived from broilers against T2-induced oxidative damage. DF-1 cells, including those with normal characteristics, as well as those overexpressing or with a knockout of specific components, were exposed to a 24 h treatment of 50 nM T2. The primary objective was to evaluate the indicators associated with oxidative stress and the expression of downstream antioxidant factors regulated by the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, at both the mRNA and protein levels. The findings of this study demonstrated a noteworthy relationship between the up-regulation of the Nrf2 protein and a considerable reduction in the oxidative stress levels within DF-1 cells (p < 0.05). Furthermore, this up-regulation was associated with a notable increase in the mRNA and protein levels of antioxidant factors downstream of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway (p < 0.05). Conversely, the down-regulation of the Nrf2 protein was linked to a marked elevation in oxidative stress levels in DF-1 cells (p < 0.05). Additionally, this down-regulation resulted in a significant decrease in both the mRNA and protein expression of antioxidant factors (p < 0.05). This experiment lays a theoretical foundation for investigating the detrimental impacts of T2 on broiler chickens. It also establishes a research framework for employing the Nrf2 protein in broiler chicken production and breeding. Moreover, it introduces novel insights for the prospective management of oxidative stress-related ailments in the livestock and poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lingchen Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, No. 1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China; (S.G.); (K.W.); (K.X.); (S.X.); (C.W.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (G.Y.); (L.J.); (Q.X.)
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Jiang H, Fang T, Cheng Z. Mechanism of heart failure after myocardial infarction. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231202573. [PMID: 37818767 PMCID: PMC10566288 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231202573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of early revascularization and drugs to regulate the neuroendocrine system, the impact of such measures on alleviating the development of heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction (MI) remains limited. Therefore, it is important to discuss the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse HF after MI. This requires a better understanding of the potential mechanisms involved. HF after MI is the result of complex pathophysiological processes, with adverse ventricular remodeling playing a major role. Adverse ventricular remodeling refers to the heart's adaptation in terms of changes in ventricular size, shape, and function under the influence of various regulatory factors, including the mechanical, neurohormonal, and cardiac inflammatory immune environments; ischemia/reperfusion injury; energy metabolism; and genetic correlation factors. Additionally, unique right ventricular dysfunction can occur secondary to ischemic shock in the surviving myocardium. HF after MI may also be influenced by other factors. This review summarizes the main pathophysiological mechanisms of HF after MI and highlights sex-related differences in the prognosis of patients with acute MI. These findings provide new insights for guiding the development of targeted treatments to delay the progression of HF after MI and offering incremental benefits to existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyi Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Bazgir F, Nau J, Nakhaei-Rad S, Amin E, Wolf MJ, Saucerman JJ, Lorenz K, Ahmadian MR. The Microenvironment of the Pathogenesis of Cardiac Hypertrophy. Cells 2023; 12:1780. [PMID: 37443814 PMCID: PMC10341218 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a key risk factor for the development of heart failure and predisposes individuals to cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death. While physiological cardiac hypertrophy is adaptive, hypertrophy resulting from conditions comprising hypertension, aortic stenosis, or genetic mutations, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, is maladaptive. Here, we highlight the essential role and reciprocal interactions involving both cardiomyocytes and non-myocardial cells in response to pathological conditions. Prolonged cardiovascular stress causes cardiomyocytes and non-myocardial cells to enter an activated state releasing numerous pro-hypertrophic, pro-fibrotic, and pro-inflammatory mediators such as vasoactive hormones, growth factors, and cytokines, i.e., commencing signaling events that collectively cause cardiac hypertrophy. Fibrotic remodeling is mediated by cardiac fibroblasts as the central players, but also endothelial cells and resident and infiltrating immune cells enhance these processes. Many of these hypertrophic mediators are now being integrated into computational models that provide system-level insights and will help to translate our knowledge into new pharmacological targets. This perspective article summarizes the last decades' advances in cardiac hypertrophy research and discusses the herein-involved complex myocardial microenvironment and signaling components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Bazgir
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (J.N.)
| | - Julia Nau
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (J.N.)
| | - Saeideh Nakhaei-Rad
- Stem Cell Biology, and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran;
| | - Ehsan Amin
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Matthew J. Wolf
- Department of Medicine and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
| | - Jeffry J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences, 97078 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (J.N.)
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Li F, Li J, Hao J, Liu J, Zu X, Li S, Wang B. HINT2 deficiency deteriorates oxidative stress in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:1305-1313. [PMID: 36722640 PMCID: PMC10053249 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the serious diseases with great mortality over the world. Myocardial mitochondrial oxidative stress has been implicated as a key player in MI. The histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 2 (HINT2) is a nucleotide hydrolase and transferase located in mitochondria. HINT2 has multiple functions such as regulating mitochondrial lipid metabolism and respiration and glucose homeostasis. Although HINT2 has been shown to protect against MI, the underlying mechanisms were not fully elucidated. In this study, the effects of HINT2 on oxidative stress during MI were explored. METHODS AND RESULTS MI mouse models in both wild-type and HINT2-deficient mice were established. The expression of HINT2 in HINT2-deficient mice was determined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. The levels of oxidative stress were measured, including the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH). The myocardial functions, as indicated by left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), were monitored. Both mRNA and protein expressions of HINT2 in the myocardial tissues were significantly down-regulated in MI mice starting at 6 h post-MI. MI induced oxidative stress 6 h post-MI in myocardial tissues of wild-type mice, as suggested by the enhanced MDA and NO levels and decreased SOD and GSH levels. The expression of HINT2 was negatively correlated to the MDA and NO levels and positively correlated to the SOD and GSH levels. HINT2-deficient MI mice had significantly elevated levels of MDA and NO and significantly decreased levels of SOD and GSH when compared with wild-type MI mice. HINT2-deficient MI mice had higher LVEDD and LVESD and lower LVEF and LVFS compared with wild-type MI mice, indicating that HINT2 deficiency exacerbated myocardial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS HINT2 deficiency causes deteriorative oxidative stress in MI mice, leading to exacerbated myocardial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Third DivisionThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityNo. 215 Heping Xi RoadShijiazhuang050000HebeiChina
| | - Jingzhe Li
- Clinical MedicineHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Jie Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Third DivisionThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityNo. 215 Heping Xi RoadShijiazhuang050000HebeiChina
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Third DivisionThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityNo. 215 Heping Xi RoadShijiazhuang050000HebeiChina
| | - Xiuguang Zu
- Department of Cardiology, Third DivisionThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityNo. 215 Heping Xi RoadShijiazhuang050000HebeiChina
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Third DivisionThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityNo. 215 Heping Xi RoadShijiazhuang050000HebeiChina
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Third DivisionThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityNo. 215 Heping Xi RoadShijiazhuang050000HebeiChina
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Inhibition of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase in the Heart as an Initiating Event in the Development of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030756. [PMID: 36979003 PMCID: PMC10045649 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects a growing fraction of the population and is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Even in the absence of hypertension and coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes can result in a heart disease termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diminished glucose oxidation, increased reliance on fatty acid oxidation for energy production, and oxidative stress are believed to play causal roles. However, the progression of metabolic changes and mechanisms by which these changes impact the heart have not been established. Cardiac pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), the central regulatory site for glucose oxidation, is rapidly inhibited in mice fed high dietary fat, a model of obesity and diabetes. Increased reliance on fatty acid oxidation for energy production, in turn, enhances mitochondrial pro-oxidant production. Inhibition of PDH may therefore initiate metabolic inflexibility and oxidative stress and precipitate diabetic cardiomyopathy. We discuss evidence from the literature that supports a role for PDH inhibition in loss in energy homeostasis and diastolic function in obese and diabetic humans and in rodent models. Finally, seemingly contradictory findings highlight the complexity of the disease and the need to delineate progressive changes in cardiac metabolism, the impact on myocardial structure and function, and the ability to intercede.
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13
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Xia Y, Zhang X, An P, Luo J, Luo Y. Mitochondrial Homeostasis in VSMCs as a Central Hub in Vascular Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043483. [PMID: 36834896 PMCID: PMC9961025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a common pathological hallmark of many cardiovascular diseases. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the predominant cell type lining the tunica media and play a crucial role in maintaining aortic morphology, integrity, contraction and elasticity. Their abnormal proliferation, migration, apoptosis and other activities are tightly associated with a spectrum of structural and functional alterations in blood vessels. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondria, the energy center of VSMCs, participate in vascular remodeling through multiple mechanisms. For example, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis prevents VSMCs from proliferation and senescence. The imbalance between mitochondrial fusion and fission controls the abnormal proliferation, migration and phenotypic transformation of VSMCs. Guanosine triphosphate-hydrolyzing enzymes, including mitofusin 1 (MFN1), mitofusin 2 (MFN2), optic atrophy protein 1 (OPA1) and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), are crucial for mitochondrial fusion and fission. In addition, abnormal mitophagy accelerates the senescence and apoptosis of VSMCs. PINK/Parkin and NIX/BINP3 pathways alleviate vascular remodeling by awakening mitophagy in VSMCs. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage destroys the respiratory chain of VSMCs, resulting in excessive ROS production and decreased ATP levels, which are related to the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of VSMCs. Thus, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis in VSMCs is a possible way to relieve pathologic vascular remodeling. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of mitochondria homeostasis in VSMCs during vascular remodeling and potential mitochondria-targeted therapies.
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14
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Sharma A. Mitochondrial cargo export in exosomes: Possible pathways and implication in disease biology. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:687-697. [PMID: 36745675 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosome biogenesis occurs parallel to multiple endocytic traffic routes. These coexisting routes drive cargo loading in exosomes via overlapping of exosome biogenesis with endosomal pathways. One such pathway is autophagy which captures damaged intracellular organelles or their components in an autophagosome vesicle and route them for lysosomal degradation. However, in case of a noncanonical fusion event between autophagosome and maturing multivesicular body (MVB)-a site for exosome biogenesis, the autophagic cargo is putatively loaded in exosomes and subsequent released out of the cell via formation of an "amphisome" like structure. Similarly, during "mitophagy" or mitochondrial (mt) autophagy, amphisome formation routes mitophagy cargo to exosomes. These mt-cargo enriched exosomes or mt-enREXO are often positive for LC3 protein-an autophagic flux marker, and potent regulators of paracrine signaling with both homeostatic and pathological roles. Here, I review this emerging concept and discuss how intracellular autophagic routes helps in generation of mt-enREXO and utility of these vesicles in paracrine cellular signaling and diagnostic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Sharma
- ExoCan Healthcare Technologies Ltd, Pune, India
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15
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Oliveira VCD, Roballo KCS, Mariano Junior CG, Ambrósio CE. Gene Editing Technologies Targeting TFAM and Its Relation to Mitochondrial Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1429:173-189. [PMID: 37486522 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33325-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells; they play a key role in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria have their own DNA, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), keeping the function of the mitochondria. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is a member of the HMGB subfamily that binds to mtDNA promoters is and considered essential in mtDNA replication and transcription. More recently, TFAM has been shown to play a central role in the maintenance and regulation of mitochondrial copy number, inflammatory response, expression regulation, and mitochondrial genome activity. Gene editing tools such as the CRISPR-Cas 9 technique, TALENs, and other gene editing tools have been used to investigate the role of TFAM in mitochondrial mechanics and biogenesis as well as its correlation to mitochondrial disorders. Thus this chapter brings a summary of mitochondria function, dysfunction, the importance of TFAM in the maintenance of mitochondria, and state of the art of gene editing tools involving TFAM and mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Cristina de Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Cristine Santos Roballo
- Biomedical Affairs and Research, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Clesio Gomes Mariano Junior
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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16
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a peptide hormone involved in energy homeostasis that protects against the development of obesity and diabetes in animal models. Its level is elevated in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in humans. However, little is known about the role of FGF21 in heart failure (HF). HF is a major global health problem with a prevalence that is predicted to rise, especially in ageing populations. Despite improved therapies, mortality due to HF remains high, and given its insidious onset, prediction of its development is challenging for physicians. The emergence of cardiac biomarkers to improve prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis of HF has received much attention over the past decade. Recent studies have suggested FGF21 is a promising biomarker candidate for HF. Preclinical research has shown that FGF21 is involved in the pathophysiology of HF through the prevention of oxidative stress, cardiac hypertrophy, and inflammation in cardiomyocytes. However, in the available clinical literature, FGF21 levels appear to be paradoxically raised in HF, potentially implying a FGF21 resistant state as occurs in obesity. Several potential confounding variables complicate the verdict on whether FGF21 is of clinical value as a biomarker. Further research is thus needed to evaluate whether FGF21 has a causal role in HF, and whether circulating FGF21 can be used as a biomarker to improve the prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis of HF. This review draws from preclinical and clinical studies to explore the role of FGF21 in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Tucker
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bradley Tucker
- Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kwok Leung Ong
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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17
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Kobara M, Toba H, Nakata T. Roles of autophagy in angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:1342-1351. [PMID: 36059129 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradation process of cytoplasmic components and occurs in the failing heart. Angiotensin II plays a critical role in the progression of heart failure and induces autophagy. We investigated the mechanism underlying angiotensin II-enhanced autophagy and examined the role of autophagy in angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte injury. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with angiotensin II (1-100 nmol/L). Angiotensin II dose-dependently increased autophagy indicators of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain (LC) 3-II and monodansylcadaverine-labelled vesicles. It also enhanced the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), assessed by H2DCFDA, an intracellular ROS indicator. NADPH oxidase- and mitochondria-derived ROS production was increased by angiotensin II, while angiotensin II-induced LC3-II expression was suppressed by inhibitors of these sources of ROS. Confocal microscopy revealed that superoxide-producing mitochondria colocalized with lysosomes after the angiotensin II stimulation. Myocyte apoptosis was assessed by nuclear staining with DAPI and caspase-3 activity. A 6-h stimulation with angiotensin II did not affect myocyte apoptosis, while a co-treatment with 3-methyl-adenine (3MA), an autophagy inhibitor, augmented apoptosis. These results indicate that autophagy suppressed apoptosis because it removed damaged mitochondria in the early stages of the angiotensin II stimulation. A longer angiotensin II stimulation for 24 h induced apoptosis and propidium iodide-positive lethal myocytes, while the co-treatment with 3MA did not lead to further increases. In conclusion, angiotensin II-induced autophagy removes ROS-producing mitochondria. Autophagy is a beneficial phenomenon against myocyte apoptosis in the early phase, but its benefit was limited in the late phase of angiotensin II stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Kobara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroe Toba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nakata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Lkhagva B, Lee TW, Lin YK, Chen YC, Chung CC, Higa S, Chen YJ. Disturbed Cardiac Metabolism Triggers Atrial Arrhythmogenesis in Diabetes Mellitus: Energy Substrate Alternate as a Potential Therapeutic Intervention. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182915. [PMID: 36139490 PMCID: PMC9497243 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of sustained arrhythmia in diabetes mellitus (DM). Its morbidity and mortality rates are high, and its prevalence will increase as the population ages. Despite expanding knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms of AF, current pharmacological interventions remain unsatisfactory; therefore, novel findings on the underlying mechanism are required. A growing body of evidence suggests that an altered energy metabolism is closely related to atrial arrhythmogenesis, and this finding engenders novel insights into the pathogenesis of the pathophysiology of AF. In this review, we provide comprehensive information on the mechanistic insights into the cardiac energy metabolic changes, altered substrate oxidation rates, and mitochondrial dysfunctions involved in atrial arrhythmogenesis, and suggest a promising advanced new therapeutic approach to treat patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baigalmaa Lkhagva
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kuo Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Satoshi Higa
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Makiminato Central Hospital, Okinawa 901-2131, Japan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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19
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Emamnejad R, Dass M, Mahlis M, Bozkurt S, Ye S, Pagnin M, Theotokis P, Grigoriadis N, Petratos S. Thyroid hormone-dependent oligodendroglial cell lineage genomic and non-genomic signaling through integrin receptors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:934971. [PMID: 36133808 PMCID: PMC9483185 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease whereby the pathological sequelae evolve from oligodendrocytes (OLs) within the central nervous system and are targeted by the immune system, which causes widespread white matter pathology and results in neuronal dysfunction and neurological impairment. The progression of this disease is facilitated by a failure in remyelination following chronic demyelination. One mediator of remyelination is thyroid hormone (TH), whose reliance on monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) was recently defined. MCT8 facilitates the entry of THs into oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) and pre-myelinating oligodendrocytes (pre-OLs). Patients with MS may exhibit downregulated MCT8 near inflammatory lesions, which emphasizes an inhibition of TH signaling and subsequent downstream targeted pathways such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt. However, the role of the closely related mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in pre-OLs during neuroinflammation may also be central to the remyelination process and is governed by various growth promoting signals. Recent research indicates that this may be reliant on TH-dependent signaling through β1-integrins. This review identifies genomic and non-genomic signaling that is regulated through mTOR in TH-responsive pre-OLs and mature OLs in mouse models of MS. This review critiques data that implicates non-genomic Akt and mTOR signaling in response to TH-dependent integrin receptor activation in pre-OLs. We have also examined whether this can drive remyelination in the context of neuroinflammation and associated sequelae. Importantly, we outline how novel therapeutic small molecules are being designed to target integrin receptors on oligodendroglial lineage cells and whether these are viable therapeutic options for future use in clinical trials for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahimeh Emamnejad
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary Dass
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Mahlis
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Salome Bozkurt
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Sining Ye
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Maurice Pagnin
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- B’, Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- B’, Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Steven Petratos,
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20
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Mendoza A, Karch J. Keeping the beat against time: Mitochondrial fitness in the aging heart. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:951417. [PMID: 35958271 PMCID: PMC9360554 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.951417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The process of aging strongly correlates with maladaptive architectural, mechanical, and biochemical alterations that contribute to the decline in cardiac function. Consequently, aging is a major risk factor for the development of heart disease, the leading cause of death in the developed world. In this review, we will summarize the classic and recently uncovered pathological changes within the aged heart with an emphasis on the mitochondria. Specifically, we describe the metabolic changes that occur in the aging heart as well as the loss of mitochondrial fitness and function and how these factors contribute to the decline in cardiomyocyte number. In addition, we highlight recent pharmacological, genetic, or behavioral therapeutic intervention advancements that may alleviate age-related cardiac decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielys Mendoza
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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21
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Ren H, Hu B, Jiang G. Advancements in prevention and intervention of sensorineural hearing loss. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2022; 13:20406223221104987. [PMID: 35782345 PMCID: PMC9243368 DOI: 10.1177/20406223221104987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The inner ear is a complex and difficult organ to study, and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a multifactorial sensorineural disorder with characteristics of impaired speech discrimination, recognition, sound detection, and localization. Till now, SNHL is recognized as an incurable disease because the potential mechanisms underlying SNHL have not been elucidated. The risk of developing SNHL is no longer viewed as primarily due to environmental factors. Instead, SNHL seems to result from a complicated interplay of genetic and environmental factors affecting numerous fundamental cellular processes. The complexity of SNHL is presented as an inability to make an early diagnosis at the earliest stages of the disease and difficulties in the management of symptoms during the process. To date, there are no treatments that slow the neurodegenerative process. In this article, we review the recent advances about SHNL and discuss the complexities and challenges of prevention and intervention of SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmiao Ren
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangli Jiang
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Li D, Pi W, Sun Z, Liu X, Jiang J. Ferroptosis and its role in cardiomyopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113279. [PMID: 35738177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiomyopathy is a disease characterized by the heart muscle damage, resulting heart in a structurally and functionally change, as well as heart failure and sudden cardiac death. The key pathogenic factor of cardiomyopathy is the loss of cardiomyocytes, but the related molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered regulated form of cell death, characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation during cell death. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis plays an important regulatory roles in the occurrence and development of many heart diseases such as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy and heart failure. However, the systemic association of ferroptosis and cardiomyopathy remains largely unknown and needs to be elucidated. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in individual cardiomyopathies, highlight that targeting ferroptosis maybe a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiomyopathy therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenhu Pi
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Taizhou hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhenzhu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoman Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Combined therapy with dapagliflozin and entresto offers an additional benefit on improving the heart function in rat after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomed J 2022; 46:100546. [PMID: 35718305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study tested whether combined dapagliflozin and entresto treatment would be superior to either one alone for preserving the left-ventricular ejection-fraction (LVEF) in rat after ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro flow-cytometric result showed that the intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and protein levels of oxidative-stress/DNA-damaged markers [NADPH-oxidase-1 (NOX-1)/NOX-2/oxidized-protein/γ-H2A-histone-family member X (γ-H2AX)] were significantly higher in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (300μM)-treated H9C2 cells as compared with the controls that were significantly reversed in sacubitril/valsartan and dapagliflozin therapy in the same H2O2-treated condition, whereas the protein expressions of antioxidants [Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1)/SIRT3/superoxide dismutase/catalase/glutathione peroxidase) exhibited an opposite pattern among the groups (all p<0.001). Adult-male-Sprague-Dawley rat (n=40) were equally categorized into group 1 (sham-operated control), group 2 (IR), group 3 (IR+dapagliflozin/20mg/kg/orally at 3h and post-days 1/2/3 after IR), group 4 (IR+entresto/100mg/kg/orally at 3h and post-days 1/2/3 after IR) and group 5 (IR+dapagliflozin+entresto) and the hearts were harvested by day 3 after IR. The 3rd day's LVEF was highest in group 1, lowest in group 2 and significantly higher in group 5 than in groups 3/4, but it was similar between the latter two groups (p<0.001). The protein expressions of oxidative-stress (NOX-1/NOX-2/oxidized protein), fibrotic (transforming-growth factor-ß/phosphorylated-Smad3), apoptotic [mitochondrial-Bax/cleaved-caspase-3/cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase], mitochondria/DNA damaged (cytosolic-cytochrome-C/γ-H2AX), pressure-overload/heart-failure [brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)/ß-myosin heavy chain] and autophagic (ratio of meiotic cyclins CLB3-II/CLB3-I) biomarkers, and the upstream (high-mobility group box 1/Toll-like receptor-4/MyD88/phosphorylated-nuclear factor-κB and downstream [interleukin (IL)-1ß/IL-6/tumor necrosis factor-α] inflammatory signalings revealed an antithetical features of LVEF among the groups (all p<0.0001). The cellular levels of inflammatory (myeloperoxidase+/CD68+), pressure-overload/heart-failure (BNP+) and DNA-damage (γ-H2AX+) biomarkers as well as infarct area demonstrated an opposite pattern of LVEF among the groups (all p<0.0001). CONCLUSION Incorporated entresto-dapagliflozin treatment was superior to either one alone on protecting the heart against IR injury.
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24
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Frantz S, Hundertmark MJ, Schulz-Menger J, Bengel FM, Bauersachs J. Left ventricular remodelling post-myocardial infarction: pathophysiology, imaging, and novel therapies. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:2549-2561. [PMID: 35511857 PMCID: PMC9336586 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients survive acute myocardial infarction (MI). Yet this encouraging development has certain drawbacks: heart failure (HF) prevalence is increasing and patients affected tend to have more comorbidities worsening economic strain on healthcare systems and impeding effective medical management. The heart’s pathological changes in structure and/or function, termed myocardial remodelling, significantly impact on patient outcomes. Risk factors like diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, female sex, and others distinctly shape disease progression on the ‘road to HF’. Despite the availability of HF drugs that interact with general pathways involved in myocardial remodelling, targeted drugs remain absent, and patient risk stratification is poor. Hence, in this review, we highlight the pathophysiological basis, current diagnostic methods and available treatments for cardiac remodelling following MI. We further aim to provide a roadmap for developing improved risk stratification and novel medical and interventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Jens Hundertmark
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeanette Schulz-Menger
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Joint Cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and HELIOS Hospital Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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25
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Peugnet V, Chwastyniak M, Mulder P, Lancel S, Bultot L, Fourny N, Renguet E, Bugger H, Beseme O, Loyens A, Heyse W, Richard V, Amouyel P, Bertrand L, Pinet F, Dubois-Deruy E. Mitochondrial-Targeted Therapies Require Mitophagy to Prevent Oxidative Stress Induced by SOD2 Inactivation in Hypertrophied Cardiomyocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040723. [PMID: 35453408 PMCID: PMC9029275 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure, mostly associated with cardiac hypertrophy, is a major cause of illness and death. Oxidative stress causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that mitochondria-targeted therapies could be effective in this context. The purpose of this work was to determine whether mitochondria-targeted therapies could improve cardiac hypertrophy induced by mitochondrial ROS. We used neonatal (NCMs) and adult (ACMs) rat cardiomyocytes hypertrophied by isoproterenol (Iso) to induce mitochondrial ROS. A decreased interaction between sirtuin 3 and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) induced SOD2 acetylation on lysine 68 and inactivation, leading to mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction and hypertrophy after 24 h of Iso treatment. To counteract these mechanisms, we evaluated the impact of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mitoquinone (MitoQ). MitoQ decreased mitochondrial ROS and hypertrophy in Iso-treated NCMs and ACMs but altered mitochondrial structure and function by decreasing mitochondrial respiration and mitophagy. The same decrease in mitophagy was found in human cardiomyocytes but not in fibroblasts, suggesting a cardiomyocyte-specific deleterious effect of MitoQ. Our data showed the importance of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. We observed that targeting mitochondria by MitoQ in cardiomyocytes impaired the metabolism through defective mitophagy, leading to accumulation of deficient mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoriane Peugnet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, 59000 Lille, France; (V.P.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (O.B.); (W.H.); (P.A.)
| | - Maggy Chwastyniak
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, 59000 Lille, France; (V.P.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (O.B.); (W.H.); (P.A.)
| | - Paul Mulder
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1096, FHU-REMOD-HF, 76000 Rouen, France; (P.M.); (V.R.)
| | - Steve Lancel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, 59000 Lille, France; (V.P.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (O.B.); (W.H.); (P.A.)
| | - Laurent Bultot
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium; (L.B.); (N.F.); (E.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Natacha Fourny
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium; (L.B.); (N.F.); (E.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Edith Renguet
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium; (L.B.); (N.F.); (E.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Olivia Beseme
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, 59000 Lille, France; (V.P.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (O.B.); (W.H.); (P.A.)
| | - Anne Loyens
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut de Recherche Contre le Cancer de Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S 1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Wilfried Heyse
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, 59000 Lille, France; (V.P.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (O.B.); (W.H.); (P.A.)
| | - Vincent Richard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1096, FHU-REMOD-HF, 76000 Rouen, France; (P.M.); (V.R.)
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, 59000 Lille, France; (V.P.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (O.B.); (W.H.); (P.A.)
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium; (L.B.); (N.F.); (E.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Florence Pinet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, 59000 Lille, France; (V.P.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (O.B.); (W.H.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (E.D.-D.); Tel.: +33-(0)3-20-87-72-15 (F.P.); +33-(0)3-20-87-73-62 (E.D.-D.)
| | - Emilie Dubois-Deruy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, 59000 Lille, France; (V.P.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (O.B.); (W.H.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (E.D.-D.); Tel.: +33-(0)3-20-87-72-15 (F.P.); +33-(0)3-20-87-73-62 (E.D.-D.)
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Huang C, Sharma A, Thakur R, Rai D, Katiki M, Germano JDF, Song Y, Singh S, Sin J, Sengstock D, Andres AM, Murali R, Mentzer RM, Gottlieb RA, Piplani H. Asporin, an extracellular matrix protein, is a beneficial regulator of cardiac remodeling. Matrix Biol 2022; 110:40-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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27
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Prasartthong P, Pakdeechote P, Maneesai P, Meephat S, Rattanakanokchai S, Wunpathe C, Apaijit K, Bunbupha S. Imperatorin attenuates cardiac remodelling and dysfunction in high-fat/high-fructose diet-fed rats by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and Nrf-2 expression. Tissue Cell 2022; 75:101728. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Role of puerarin in pathological cardiac remodeling: A review. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Krivoshapova KE, Vegner EA, Barbarash OL. [Frailty syndrome as an independent predictor of adverse prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure]. KARDIOLOGIIA 2022; 62:89-96. [PMID: 35414366 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2022.3.n1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This review presents results of clinical studies of senile asthenia ("fragility") syndrome and chronic heart failure (CHF). Recent reports of the "fragility" prevalence in patients with CHF are described. The review presents specific features of pathophysiological pathways underlying the development of both senile asthenia syndrome and CHF; the role of "fragility" in the progression and complications of CHF is addressed. Senile asthenia syndrome associated with CHF is regarded as an independent predictor of unfavorable prognosis and high mortality in this patient category. The authors concluded that methods for "fragility" evaluation in CHF patients followed by risk stratification and selection of individual management tactics should be implemented in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Krivoshapova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | | | - Olga L Barbarash
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases; Kemerovo State Medical
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An N, Zhang G, Li Y, Yuan C, Yang F, Zhang L, Gao Y, Xing Y. Promising Antioxidative Effect of Berberine in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:865353. [PMID: 35321323 PMCID: PMC8936808 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.865353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR), an important quaternary benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, has been used in Chinese traditional medicine for over 3,000 years. BBR has been shown in both traditional and modern medicine to have a wide range of pharmacological actions, including hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. The unregulated reaction chain induced by oxidative stress as a crucial mechanism result in myocardial damage, which is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Numerous researches have established that BBR protects myocardium and may be beneficial in the treatment of CVDs. Given that the pivotal role of oxidative stress in CVDs, the pharmacological effects of BBR in the treatment and/or management of CVDs have strongly attracted the attention of scholars. Therefore, this review sums up the prevention and treatment mechanisms of BBR in CVDs from in vitro, in vivo, and finally to the clinical field trials timely. We summarized the antioxidant stress of BBR in the management of coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion; it also analyzes the pathogenesis of oxidative stress in arrhythmia and heart failure and the therapeutic effects of BBR. In short, BBR is a hopeful drug candidate for the treatment of CVDs, which can intervene in the process of CVDs from multiple angles and different aspects. Therefore, if we want to apply it to the clinic on a large scale, more comprehensive, intensive, and detailed researches are needed to be carried out to clarify the molecular mechanism and targets of BBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na An
- Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjian Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Dezhou Second People’s Hospital, Dezhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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31
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Chen JW, Ma PW, Yuan H, Wang WL, Lu PH, Ding XR, Lun YQ, Yang Q, Lu LJ. mito-TEMPO Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Noise-Induced Hearing Loss via Maintaining TFAM-mtDNA Interaction and Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:803718. [PMID: 35210991 PMCID: PMC8861273 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.803718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial damage have been widely reported in noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). However, the specific mechanism of noise-induced mitochondrial damage remains largely unclear. In this study, we showed that acoustic trauma caused oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), leading to the reduction of mtDNA content, mitochondrial gene expression and ATP level in rat cochleae. The expression level and mtDNA-binding function of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were impaired following acoustic trauma without affecting the upstream PGC-1α and NRF-1. The mitochondria-target antioxidant mito-TEMPO (MT) was demonstrated to enter the inner ear after the systemic administration. MT treatment significantly alleviated noise-induced auditory threshold shifts 3d and 14d after noise exposure. Furthermore, MT significantly reduced outer hair cell (OHC) loss, cochlear ribbon synapse loss, and auditory nerve fiber (ANF) degeneration after the noise exposure. In addition, we found that MT treatment effectively attenuated noise-induced cochlear oxidative stress and mtDNA damage, as indicated by DHE, 4-HNE, and 8-OHdG. MT treatment also improved mitochondrial biogenesis, ATP generation, and TFAM-mtDNA interaction in the cochlea. These findings suggest that MT has protective effects against NIHL via maintaining TFAM-mtDNA interaction and mitochondrial biogenesis based on its ROS scavenging capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng-Wei Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei-Long Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei-Heng Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue-Rui Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Lun
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lian-Jun Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Abstract
Almost 200 years ago, the first evidence described by Robert Bright (1836) showed the strong interaction between the kidneys and heart and, since then, the scientific community has dedicated itself to better understanding the mechanisms involved in the kidney-heart relationship, known in recent decades as cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). This syndrome includes a wide clinical variety that affects the kidneys and heart, in an acute or chronic manner. Moreover, it is well established in the literature that the immune system, the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, and the oxidative stress actively play a strong role in the cellular and molecular processes present in CRS. More recently, uremic molecules and epigenetic factors have been also shown to be key mediators in the development of syndrome. The present review intends to present the state of the art regarding CRS and to show the paths known, until now, in the long road between the kidneys and heart.
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Dhalla NS, Elimban V, Bartekova M, Adameova A. Involvement of Oxidative Stress in the Development of Subcellular Defects and Heart Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020393. [PMID: 35203602 PMCID: PMC8962363 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well known that oxidative stress promotes lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, activation of proteases, fragmentation of DNA and alteration in gene expression for producing myocardial cell damage, whereas its actions for the induction of fibrosis, necrosis and apoptosis are considered to result in the loss of cardiomyocytes in different types of heart disease. The present article is focused on the discussion concerning the generation and implications of oxidative stress from various sources such as defective mitochondrial electron transport and enzymatic reactions mainly due to the activation of NADPH oxidase, nitric oxide synthase and monoamine oxidase in diseased myocardium. Oxidative stress has been reported to promote excessive entry of Ca2+ due to increased permeability of the sarcolemmal membrane as well as depressions of Na+-K+ ATPase and Na+-Ca2+ exchange systems, which are considered to increase the intracellular of Ca2+. In addition, marked changes in the ryanodine receptors and Ca2+-pump ATPase have been shown to cause Ca2+-release and depress Ca2+ accumulation in the sarcoplasmic reticulum as a consequence of oxidative stress. Such alterations in sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum are considered to cause Ca2+-handling abnormalities, which are associated with mitochondrial Ca2+-overload and loss of myofibrillar Ca2+-sensitivity due to oxidative stress. Information regarding the direct effects of different oxyradicals and oxidants on subcellular organelles has also been outlined to show the mechanisms by which oxidative stress may induce Ca2+-handling abnormalities. These observations support the view that oxidative stress plays an important role in the genesis of subcellular defects and cardiac dysfunction in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naranjan S. Dhalla
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-235-3417; Fax: +1-204-237-0347
| | - Vijayan Elimban
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada;
| | - Monika Bartekova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Adriana Adameova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.); (A.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Radovanovic J, Banjac K, Obradovic M, Isenovic ER. Antioxidant enzymes and vascular diseases. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2021.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play a fundamental role in regulating endothelial function and vascular tone in the physiological conditions of a vascular system. However, oxidative stress has detrimental effects on human health, and numerous studies confirmed that high ROS/RNS production contributes to the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases. The antioxidant defense has an essential role in the homeostatic functioning of the vascular endothelial system. Endogenous antioxidative defense includes various molecules and enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase. Together all these antioxidative enzymes are essential for defense against harmful ROS features. ROS are mainly generated from redox-active compounds involved in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Thus, targeting antioxidative enzymes and mitochondria oxidative balance may be a promising approach for vascular diseases occurrence and treatment. This review summarized the most recent research on the regulation of antioxidative enzymes in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 522 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Banjac
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 522 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Obradovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 522 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 522 Belgrade, Serbia
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Alnuwaysir RIS, Hoes MF, van Veldhuisen DJ, van der Meer P, Beverborg NG. Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure: Mechanisms and Pathophysiology. J Clin Med 2021; 11:125. [PMID: 35011874 PMCID: PMC8745653 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for a myriad of physiological processes in the body beyond erythropoiesis. Iron deficiency (ID) is a common comorbidity in patients with heart failure (HF), with a prevalence reaching up to 59% even in non-anaemic patients. ID impairs exercise capacity, reduces the quality of life, increases hospitalisation rate and mortality risk regardless of anaemia. Intravenously correcting ID has emerged as a promising treatment in HF as it has been shown to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life and exercise capacity and reduce hospitalisations. However, the pathophysiology of ID in HF remains poorly characterised. Recognition of ID in HF triggered more research with the aim to explain how correcting ID improves HF status as well as the underlying causes of ID in the first place. In the past few years, significant progress has been made in understanding iron homeostasis by characterising the role of the iron-regulating hormone hepcidin, the effects of ID on skeletal and cardiac myocytes, kidneys and the immune system. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge and recent advances in the pathophysiology of ID in heart failure, the deleterious systemic and cellular consequences of ID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Niels Grote Beverborg
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (R.I.S.A.); (M.F.H.); (D.J.v.V.); (P.v.d.M.)
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Li W, Li Y, Cui S, Liu J, Tan L, Xia H, Zhang C. Se alleviates homocysteine-induced fibrosis in cardiac fibroblasts via downregulation of lncRNA MEG3. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1269. [PMID: 34594406 PMCID: PMC8456485 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is considered to have antioxidant properties, which are beneficial for heart condition. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) has been suggested to potentially lead to heart failure and is characterized by cardiac fibrosis; however, investigation on the role of Se and HHCY in cardiac fibrosis is rare. Since previous studies demonstrated the important role of the long non-coding RNA maternally expressed 3 (MEG3) in some heart diseases, the present study aimed to determine how Se and MEG3 might exert regulatory effects on HCY-induced fibrosis in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). Mouse CFs were isolated and treated with HCY and Se. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I and III was detected by western blotting to reflect CF fibrosis. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to determine the expression levels of MEG3. Inflammation and oxidative stress responses were analyzed by measuring TNF-α, IL-1β (ELISA) and reactive oxygen species levels (using a commercial kit), respectively. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to evaluate CF proliferation. Total and phosphorylated (p) expression of janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was evaluated by western blotting. CFs were transfected with adenovirus expressing MEG3 short-hairpin RNA to knock down MEG3 expression. Se treatment downregulated the expression level of MEG3 in HCY-stimulated CFs, whilst inhibiting the inflammatory and oxidative stress response. Furthermore, Se inhibited the increased proliferation of CFs following HCY treatment. In addition, MEG3-knockdown in CFs could improve fibrosis caused by HCY. Furthermore, the ratios of p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 were decreased following treatment with Se or MEG3 silencing. Taken together, the findings from the present study suggested that Se may alleviate cardiac fibrosis by downregulating the expression of MEG3 and reducing the inflammatory and oxidative stress response in CFs. This suggests that Se may be a potential therapeutic option for treating cardiac fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
| | - Shengyu Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Lijiao Tan
- Medical School of Enshi Polytechnic, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Changjiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular Biology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
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Thioredoxin reductase as a pharmacological target. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105854. [PMID: 34455077 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs) belong to the pyridine nucleotide disulfide oxidoreductase family enzymes that reduce thioredoxin (Trx). The couple TrxR and Trx is one of the major antioxidant systems that control the redox homeostasis in cells. The thioredoxin system, comprised of TrxR, Trx and NADPH, exerts its activities via a disulfide-dithiol exchange reaction. Inhibition of TrxR is an important clinical goal in all conditions in which the redox state is perturbed. The present review focuses on the most critical aspects of the cellular functions of TrxRs and their inhibition mechanisms by metal ions or chemicals, through direct targeting of TrxRs or their substrates or protein interactors. To update the involvement of overactivation/dysfunction of TrxRs in various pathological conditions, human diseases associated with TrxRs genes were critically summarized by publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) catalogs and literature. The pieces of evidence presented here justify why TrxR is recognized as one of the most critical clinical targets and the growing current interest in developing molecules capable of interfering with the functions of TrxR enzymes.
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Luo Y, Li Z, Ge P, Guo H, Li L, Zhang G, Xu C, Chen H. Comprehensive Mechanism, Novel Markers and Multidisciplinary Treatment of Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Cardiac Injury - A Narrative Review. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3145-3169. [PMID: 34285540 PMCID: PMC8286248 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s310990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the common acute abdominal inflammatory diseases in clinic with acute onset and rapid progress. About 20% of the patients will eventually develop into severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) characterized by a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration, gland flocculus flaky necrosis and hemorrhage, finally inducing systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Pancreatic enzyme activation, intestinal endotoxemia (IETM), cytokine activation, microcirculation disturbance, autonomic nerve dysfunction and autophagy dysregulation all play an essential role in the occurrence and progression of SAP. Organ dysfunction is the main cause of early death in SAP. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute lung injury (ALI) are common, while cardiac injury (CI) is not, but the case fatality risk is high. Many basic studies have observed obvious ultrastructure change of heart in SAP, including myocardial edema, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial interstitial collagen deposition. Moreover, in clinical practice, patients with SAP often presented various abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac function. Cases complicated with acute myocardial infarction and pericardial tamponade have also been reported and even result in stress cardiomyopathy. Due to the molecular mechanisms underlying SAP-associated cardiac injury (SACI) remain poorly understood, and there is no complete, unified treatment and sovereign remedy at present, this article reviews reports referring to the pathogenesis, potential markers and treatment methods of SACI in recent years, in order to improve the understanding of cardiac injury in severe pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- YaLan Luo
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhaoXia Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Ge
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - HaoYa Guo
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - GuiXin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - CaiMing Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - HaiLong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) was previously known as a harmful gas in air pollution. Recently, it was reported that SO2 can be endogenously generated in cardiovascular tissues. Many studies have revealed that endogenous SO2 has important physiological and pathophysiological significance and pharmacological potential. As a novel gasotransmitter, SO2 has important regulatory effects on the heart. It has a dose-dependent negative inotropic effect on cardiac function, in which L-type calcium channels are involved. SO2 can also attenuate myocardial injury caused by various harmful stimuli and play an important role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial hypertrophy. These effects are thought to be linked to its ability to reduce inflammation and as an antioxidant. In addition, SO2 regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy. Therefore, endogenous SO2 plays an important role in maintaining cardiovascular system homeostasis. In the present review, the literature concerning the metabolism of endogenous SO2, its cardiac toxicological effects and physiological regulatory effects, mechanisms for SO2-mediated myocardial protection and its pharmacological applications are summarized and discussed.
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Kobara M, Nessa N, Toba H, Nakata T. Induction of autophagy has protective roles in imatinib-induced cardiotoxicity. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1087-1097. [PMID: 34136360 PMCID: PMC8176231 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is one of the severe adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents. Imatinib was previously reported to induce cardiotoxicity. Autophagy is an intracellular bulk protein and organelle degradation process, but its roles in cardiac diseases are unclear. We examined whether imatinib induces cardiomyocyte autophagy, and the role of autophagy in imatinib-induced cardiotoxicity using in vitro and in vivo experiments. In in vitro experiments, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with imatinib (1, 5, or 10 μM; 6 h). Myocyte autophagy was assessed by microtubule-associated protein light chain (LC) 3-II, beclin 1, mature cathepsin D, and acridine orange-stained mature autolysosome expression. Imatinib increased their expression, suggesting that it induced autophagy. Consequently, imatinib altered the production of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, which were assessed by the fluorescent indicator MitoSOX and JC-1, respectively, leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis. 3-methyl-adenine (3MA), an autophagic inhibitor, exacerbated imatinib-induced apoptosis by 30 %. In in vivo experiments, C57BL/6 mice were treated with imatinib (50 and 200 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks in the presence or absence of 3MA. Echocardiographic measurement revealed that imatinib (200 mg) caused dilatation of the left ventricle (LV) and reduced LV fractional shortening. Apoptosis and LC3-II expression in cardiac tissue were increased by imatinib. Co-treatment with 3MA and imatinib further impaired imatinib-induced cardiac apoptosis and LV dysfunction. This study suggests that imatinib induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis, leading to cardiac dysfunction. Imatinib increases cardiomyocyte autophagy as a consequence of apoptosis and autophagy has a pro-survival role in imatinib-induced cardiac impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Kobara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naseratun Nessa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroe Toba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nakata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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Castro-Diehl C, Ehrbar R, Obas V, Oh A, Vasan RS, Xanthakis V. Biomarkers representing key aging-related biological pathways are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and all-cause mortality: The Framingham Study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251308. [PMID: 33989340 PMCID: PMC8121535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased oxidative stress, leukocyte telomere length (LTL) shortening, endothelial dysfunction, and lower insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 concentrations reflect key molecular mechanisms of aging. We hypothesized that biomarkers representing these pathways are associated with measures of subclinical atherosclerosis and all-cause mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated up to 2,314 Framingham Offspring Study participants (mean age 61 years, 55% women) with available biomarkers of aging: LTL, circulating concentrations of IGF-1, asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), and urinary F2-Isoprostanes indexed to urinary creatinine. We evaluated the association of each biomarker with coronary artery calcium [ln (CAC+1)] and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). In multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, higher ADMA levels were associated with higher CAC values (βADMA per 1-SD increase 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.11, 0.39]). Additionally, shorter LTL and lower IGF-1 values were associated with higher IMT values (βLTL -0.08, 95%CI -0.14, -0.02, and βIGF-1 -0.04, 95%CI -0.08, -0.01, respectively). During a median follow-up of 15.5 years, 593 subjects died. In multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models, LTL and IGF-1 values were inversely associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratios [HR] per SD increase in biomarker, 0.85, 95% CI 0.74-0.99, and 0.90, 95% CI 0.82-0.98 for LTL and IGF-1, respectively). F2-Isoprostanes and ADMA values were positively associated with all-cause mortality (HR per SD increase in biomarker, 1.15, 95% CI, 1.10-1.22, and 1.10, 95% CI, 1.02-1.20, respectively). CONCLUSION In our prospective community-based study, aging-related biomarkers were associated with measures of subclinical atherosclerosis cross-sectionally and with all-cause mortality prospectively, supporting the concept that these biomarkers may reflect the aging process in community-dwelling adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Castro-Diehl
- Department of Medicine, Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rachel Ehrbar
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vanesa Obas
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Albin Oh
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Boston University’s and National Heart, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vanessa Xanthakis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Boston University’s and National Heart, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Elevated levels of urine isocitrate, hydroxymethylglutarate, and formiminoglutamate are associated with arterial stiffness in Korean adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10180. [PMID: 33986342 PMCID: PMC8119418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89639-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that cellular perturbations play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we analyzed the association between the levels of urinary metabolites and arterial stiffness. Our cross-sectional study included 330 Korean men and women. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was measured as a marker of arterial stiffness. Urinary metabolites were evaluated using a high-performance liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was found to be positively correlated with l-lactate, citrate, isocitrate, succinate, malate, hydroxymethylglutarate, α-ketoisovalerate, α-keto-β-methylvalerate, methylmalonate, and formiminoglutamate among men. Whereas, among women, the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was positively correlated with cis-aconitate, isocitrate, hydroxymethylglutarate, and formiminoglutamate. In the multivariable regression models adjusted for conventional cardiovascular risk factors, three metabolite concentrations (urine isocitrate, hydroxymethylglutarate, and formiminoglutamate) were independently and positively associated with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. Increased urine isocitrate, hydroxymethylglutarate, and formiminoglutamate concentrations were associated with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Our findings suggest that metabolic disturbances in cells may be related to arterial stiffness.
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Gliozzi M, Scarano F, Musolino V, Carresi C, Scarcella A, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Ruga S, Bosco F, Maiuolo J, Macrì R, Zito MC, Oppedisano F, Guarnieri L, Mollace R, Palma E, Muscoli C, Mollace V. Paradoxical effect of fat diet in matrix metalloproteinases induced mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2021; 22:268-278. [PMID: 33633042 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic cardiomyopathy represents the main cause of death among diabetic people. Despite this evidence, the molecular mechanisms triggered by impaired glucose and lipid metabolism inducing heart damage remain unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of altered metabolism on the early stages of cardiac injury in experimental diabetes. METHODS For this purpose, rats were fed a normocaloric diet (NPD) or a high fat diet (HFD) for up to 12 weeks. After the fourth week, streptozocin (35 mg/kg) was administered in a subgroup of both NPD and HFD rats to induce diabetes. Cardiac function was analysed by echocardiography. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity and intracellular localization were assessed through zymography and immunofluorescence, whereas apoptotic and oxidative markers by immunohistochemistry and western blot. RESULTS Hyperglycaemia or hyperlipidaemia reduced ejection fraction and fractional shortening as compared with control. Unexpectedly, cardiac dysfunction was less marked in diabetic rats fed a hyperlipidaemic diet, suggesting an adaptive response of the myocardium to hyperglycaemia-induced injury. This response was characterized by the inhibition of N-terminal truncated-MMP-2 translocation from endoplasmic reticulum into mitochondria and by superoxide anion overproduction observed in cardiomyocytes under hyperglycaemia. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings suggest novel therapeutic targets aimed to counteract mitochondrial dysfunction in the onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonino Scarcella
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
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Ilic A, Todorovic D, Mutavdzin S, Boricic N, Bozic Nedeljkovic B, Stankovic S, Simic T, Stevanovic P, Celic V, Djuric D. Translocator Protein Modulation by 4'-Chlorodiazepam and NO Synthase Inhibition Affect Cardiac Oxidative Stress, Cardiometabolic and Inflammatory Markers in Isoprenaline-Induced Rat Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2867. [PMID: 33799869 PMCID: PMC8000569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The possible cardioprotective effects of translocator protein (TSPO) modulation with its ligand 4'-Chlorodiazepam (4'-ClDzp) in isoprenaline (ISO)-induced rat myocardial infarction (MI) were evaluated, alone or in the presence of L-NAME. Wistar albino male rats (b.w. 200-250 g, age 6-8 weeks) were divided into 4 groups (10 per group, total number N = 40), and certain substances were applied: 1. ISO 85 mg/kg b.w. (twice), 2. ISO 85 mg/kg b.w. (twice) + L-NAME 50 mg/kg b.w., 3. ISO 85 mg/kg b.w. (twice) + 4'-ClDzp 0.5 mg/kg b.w., 4. ISO 85 mg/kg b.w. (twice) + 4'-ClDzp 0.5 mg/kg b.w. + L-NAME 50 mg/kg b.w. Blood and cardiac tissue were sampled for myocardial injury and other biochemical markers, cardiac oxidative stress, and for histopathological evaluation. The reduction of serum levels of high-sensitive cardiac troponin T hs cTnT and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), then significantly decreased levels of serum homocysteine Hcy, urea, and creatinine, and decreased levels of myocardial injury enzymes activities superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as well as lower grades of cardiac ischemic changes were demonstrated in ISO-induced MI treated with 4'-ClDzp. It has been detected that co-treatment with 4'-ClDzp + L-NAME changed the number of registered parameters in comparison to 4'-ClDzp group, indicating that NO (nitric oxide) should be important in the effects of 4'-ClDzp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ilic
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Hospital Center “Dr. Dragisa Misovic—Dedinje”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.I.); (V.C.)
| | - Dusan Todorovic
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Slavica Mutavdzin
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Novica Boricic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Biljana Bozic Nedeljkovic
- Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Sanja Stankovic
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Tatjana Simic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Predrag Stevanovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Clinical Hospital Center “Dr. Dragisa Misovic—Dedinje”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vera Celic
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Hospital Center “Dr. Dragisa Misovic—Dedinje”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.I.); (V.C.)
| | - Dragan Djuric
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.T.); (S.M.)
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"Empowering" Cardiac Cells via Stem Cell Derived Mitochondrial Transplantation- Does Age Matter? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041824. [PMID: 33673127 PMCID: PMC7918132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With cardiovascular diseases affecting millions of patients, new treatment strategies are urgently needed. The use of stem cell based approaches has been investigated during the last decades and promising effects have been achieved. However, the beneficial effect of stem cells has been found to being partly due to paracrine functions by alterations of their microenvironment and so an interesting field of research, the “stem- less” approaches has emerged over the last years using or altering the microenvironment, for example, via deletion of senescent cells, application of micro RNAs or by modifying the cellular energy metabolism via targeting mitochondria. Using autologous muscle-derived mitochondria for transplantations into the affected tissues has resulted in promising reports of improvements of cardiac functions in vitro and in vivo. However, since the targeted treatment group represents mainly elderly or otherwise sick patients, it is unclear whether and to what extent autologous mitochondria would exert their beneficial effects in these cases. Stem cells might represent better sources for mitochondria and could enhance the effect of mitochondrial transplantations. Therefore in this review we aim to provide an overview on aging effects of stem cells and mitochondria which might be important for mitochondrial transplantation and to give an overview on the current state in this field together with considerations worthwhile for further investigations.
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Abstract
Peroxiredoxin (Prx) refers to a family of thiol-dependent peroxidases that decompose hydrogen peroxide, lipid hydroperoxides, as well as peroxynitrite, and protect against oxidative and inflammatory stress. There are six mammalian Prx isozymes (Prx1-6), classified as typical 2-Cys, atypical 2-Cys, or 1-Cys Prxs based on the mechanism and the number of cysteine residues involved during catalysis. In addition to their well-established peroxide-scavenging activity, some Prxs also participate in the regulation of various cell signaling pathways. Extensive animal studies employing primarily gene knockout models provide substantial evidence supporting a critical protective role of Prxs in various disease processes involving oxidative and inflammatory stress. This review surveys recent research findings, published primarily in influential journals, on the involvement of various Prx isozymes in protecting against cardiovascular injury and related disorders, including diabetes, metabolic syndromes, and sepsis, whose pathophysiology all intimately involves oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Herrmann GK, Russell WK, Garg NJ, Yin YW. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 regulates mitochondrial DNA repair in an NAD-dependent manner. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100309. [PMID: 33482196 PMCID: PMC7949115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA is located in organelle that house essential metabolic reactions and contains high reactive oxygen species. Therefore, mitochondrial DNA suffers more oxidative damage than its nuclear counterpart. Formation of a repair enzyme complex is beneficial to DNA repair. Recent studies have shown that mitochondrial DNA polymerase (Pol γ) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) were found in the same complex along with other mitochondrial DNA repair enzymes, and mitochondrial PARP1 level is correlated with mtDNA integrity. However, the molecular basis for the functional connection between Pol γ and PARP1 has not yet been elucidated because cellular functions of PARP1 in DNA repair are intertwined with metabolism via NAD+ (nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide), the substrate of PARP1, and a metabolic cofactor. To dissect the direct effect of PARP1 on mtDNA from the secondary perturbation of metabolism, we report here biochemical studies that recapitulated Pol γ PARylation observed in cells and showed that PARP1 regulates Pol γ activity during DNA repair in a metabolic cofactor NAD+ (nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide)-dependent manner. In the absence of NAD+, PARP1 completely inhibits Pol γ, while increasing NAD+ levels to a physiological concentration that enables Pol γ to resume maximum repair activity. Because cellular NAD+ levels are linked to metabolism and to ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation, our results suggest that mtDNA damage repair is coupled to cellular metabolic state and the integrity of the respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey K Herrmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - William K Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Nisha J Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Y Whitney Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
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Klimiuk A, Zalewska A, Knapp M, Sawicki R, Ładny JR, Maciejczyk M. Salivary Gland Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure Is Aggravated by Nitrosative Stress, as Well as Oxidation and Glycation of Proteins. Biomolecules 2021; 11:119. [PMID: 33477706 PMCID: PMC7831926 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (HF) is an important clinical, social, and economic problem. A key role in HF progression is played by oxidative stress. Free oxygen radicals, formed under the conditions of hypoxia and reperfusion, participate in myocardial stunning and other forms of post-reperfusion damage. HF patients also suffer from disorders connected with saliva secretion. However, still little is known about the mechanisms that impair the secretory function of salivary glands in these patients. In the presented study, we were the first to compare the antioxidant barrier, protein glycoxidation, and nitrosative/nitrative stress in non-stimulated (non-stimulated whole saliva (NWS)) and stimulated (SWS) saliva of HF patients. The study included 50 HF patients with normal saliva (NS) secretion (n = 27) and hyposalivation (HS) (n = 23), as well as an age- and gender-matched control group (n = 50). We demonstrated that, in NWS of HF patients with HS, the concentration of low-molecular-weight non-enzymatic antioxidants decreased (↓total polyphenols, ↓ascorbic acid, ↓reduced glutathione, ↓albumin) compared to HF patients with normal saliva (NS) secretion, as well as the control group (except albumin). We also observed increased content of protein glycoxidation products (↑dityrosine, ↑kynurenine, ↑glycophore) in NWS and SWS of HF patients with HS compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, the content of dityrosine, N-formylkynurenine, and glycophore in NWS was also significantly higher in HF patients with HS compared to those with NS secretion. The concentration of NO was considerably lower, while the levels of peroxynitrite and nitrotyrosine were significantly higher in NWS and SWS of HF subjects with HS compared to the controls. Salivary gland dysfunction occurs in patients with chronic HF with the submandibular salivary glands being the least efficient. Oxidative/nitrosative stress may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the impairment of salivary gland secretory function in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klimiuk
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (A.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (A.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Małgorzata Knapp
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (M.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Robert Sawicki
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (M.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Jerzy Robert Ładny
- 1st Department of General Surgery and Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, 15-233 Bialystok, Poland
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Sun X, Gao R, Li W, Zhao Y, Yang H, Chen H, Jiang H, Dong Z, Hu J, Liu J, Zou Y, Sun A, Ge J. Alda-1 treatment promotes the therapeutic effect of mitochondrial transplantation for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2058-2069. [PMID: 33511307 PMCID: PMC7809100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage is a critical driver in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and can be alleviated via the mitochondrial transplantation. The efficiency of mitochondrial transplantation is determined by mitochondrial vitality. Because aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) has a key role in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis, we aimed to investigate its potential therapeutic effects on mitochondrial transplantation via the use of ALDH2 activator, Alda-1. Our present study demonstrated that time-dependent internalization of exogenous mitochondria by cardiomyocytes along with ATP production were significantly increased in response to mitochondrial transplantation. Furthermore, Alda-1 treatment remarkably promoted the oxygen consumption rate and baseline mechanical function of cardiomyocytes caused by mitochondrial transplantation. Mitochondrial transplantation inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by the hypoxia-reoxygenation exposure, independent of Alda-1 treatment. However, promotion of the mechanical function of cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation treatment was only observed after mitochondrial Alda-1 treatment and transplantation. By using a myocardial I/R mouse model, our results revealed that transplantation of Alda-1-treated mitochondria into mouse myocardial tissues limited the infarction size after I/R injury, which was at least in part due to increased mitochondrial potential-mediated fusion. In conclusion, ALDH2 activation in mitochondrial transplantation shows great potential for the treatment of myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rifeng Gao
- Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenjia Li
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Heng Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Heart Center of Fujian Province, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xin-Quan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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PARIS-DJ-1 Interaction Regulates Mitochondrial Functions in Cardiomyocytes, Which Is Critically Important in Cardiac Hypertrophy. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 41:MCB.00106-20. [PMID: 33077496 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00106-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the major pathological attributes of cardiac hypertrophy and is associated with reduced expression of PGC1α in cardiomyocytes. However, the transcriptional regulation of PGC1α remains elusive. Here, we show that parkin interacting substrate (PARIS), a KRAB zinc finger protein, prevented PGC1α transcription despite the induction of cardiomyocytes with hypertrophic stimuli. Moreover, PARIS expression and its nuclear localization are enhanced in hypertrophy both in vitro and in vivo Knocking down PARIS resulted in mitochondrial biogenesis and improved respiration and other biochemical features that were compromised during hypertrophy. Furthermore, a PARIS-dependent proteome showed exclusive binding of a deSUMOylating protein called DJ-1 to PARIS in control cells, while this interaction is completely abrogated in hypertrophied cells. We further demonstrate that proteasomal degradation of DJ-1 under oxidative stress led to augmented PARIS SUMOylation and consequent repression of PGC1α promoter activity. SUMOylation-resistant mutants of PARIS failed to repress PGC1α, suggesting a critical role for PARIS SUMOylation in hypertrophy. The present study, therefore, proposes a novel regulatory pathway where DJ-1 acts as an oxidative stress sensor and contributes to the feedback loop governing PARIS-mediated mitochondrial function.
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