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Tang WJ, Xu D, Liang MX, Wo GQ, Chen WQ, Tang JH, Zhang W. Pitavastatin induces autophagy-dependent ferroptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells via the mevalonate pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27084. [PMID: 38444467 PMCID: PMC10912485 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is more prone to recurrence and metastasis relative to other subtypes of breast cancer, leading to an extremely poor prognosis. The increasing potential chemoresistance of TNBC patients is mainly due to that tumor cells escape from apoptosis. In recent years, statins have demonstrated extensive anti-tumor effects. It is worth noting that statins have more effective anti-tumor effects on TNBC cells and drug-resistant breast cancer cells. Therefore, this study examines the superior cytotoxic effects of statins on TNBC cell lines and further explores their potential therapeutic mechanisms. We detected different cell phenotypes and found that statins significantly reduced the cell viability of TNBC cells. Specifically, pitavastatin showed an obvious induction in cell death, cell cycle arrest and oxidative stress in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells. The reversal effect of iron chelator desferrioxamine (DFO) on the morphological and molecular biological changes induced by pitavastatin has revealed a new mode of cell death induced by pitavastatin: ferroptosis. This ferroptotic effect was strengthened by the decreased expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) as well as newly discovered ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1). The data showed that ferroptotic death of MDA-MB-231 cells is autophagy-dependent and mediated by the mevalonate pathway. Finally, we found that therapeutic oral doses of statins can inhibit the growth of transplanted tumors, which establishes statins as a potential treatment for TNBC patients. In conclusion, we found pitavastatin could induce autophagy-dependent ferroptosis in TNBC cells via the mevalonate pathway which may become a potential adjuvant treatment option for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Tang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225316, PR China
| | - Di Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Ming-Xing Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Guan-Qun Wo
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Wen-Quan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Jin-Hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
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Chapman MJ, Orsoni A, Mellett NA, Nguyen A, Robillard P, Shaw JE, Giral P, Thérond P, Swertfeger D, Davidson WS, Meikle PJ. Pitavastatin treatment remodels the HDL subclass lipidome and proteome in hypertriglyceridemia. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100494. [PMID: 38160756 PMCID: PMC10850136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
HDL particles vary in lipidome and proteome, which dictate their individual physicochemical properties, metabolism, and biological activities. HDL dysmetabolism in nondiabetic hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) involves subnormal HDL-cholesterol and apoAI levels. Metabolic anomalies may impact the qualitative features of both the HDL lipidome and proteome. Whether particle content of bioactive lipids and proteins may differentiate HDL subclasses (HDL2b, 2a, 3a, 3b, and 3c) in HTG is unknown. Moreover, little is known of the effect of statin treatment on the proteolipidome of hypertriglyceridemic HDL and its subclasses. Nondiabetic, obese, HTG males (n = 12) received pitavastatin calcium (4 mg/day) for 180 days in a single-phase, unblinded study. ApoB-containing lipoproteins were normalized poststatin. Individual proteolipidomes of density-defined HDL subclasses were characterized prestatin and poststatin. At baseline, dense HDL3c was distinguished by marked protein diversity and peak abundance of surface lysophospholipids, amphipathic diacylglycerol and dihydroceramide, and core cholesteryl ester and triacylglycerol, (normalized to mol phosphatidylcholine), whereas light HDL2b showed peak abundance of free cholesterol, sphingomyelin, glycosphingolipids (monohexosylceramide, dihexosylceramide, trihexosylceramide, and anionic GM3), thereby arguing for differential lipid transport and metabolism between subclasses. Poststatin, bioactive lysophospholipid (lysophosphatidylcholine, lysoalkylphosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and lysophosphatidylinositol) cargo was preferentially depleted in HDL3c. By contrast, baseline lipidomic profiles of ceramide, dihydroceramide and related glycosphingolipids, and GM3/phosphatidylcholine were maintained across particle subclasses. All subclasses were depleted in triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol/phosphatidylcholine. The abundance of apolipoproteins CI, CII, CIV, and M diminished in the HDL proteome. Statin treatment principally impacts metabolic remodeling of the abnormal lipidome of HDL particle subclasses in nondiabetic HTG, with lesser effects on the proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M John Chapman
- Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Unit, Pitié-Salpetrière University Hospital, Sorbonne University and National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France.
| | - Alexina Orsoni
- Service de Biochimie, AP-HP, Paris-Saclay University, Bicetre University Hospital, and EA 7357, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France
| | - Natalie A Mellett
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Robillard
- Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Unit, Pitié-Salpetrière University Hospital, Sorbonne University and National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Jonathan E Shaw
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philippe Giral
- INSERM UMR1166 and Cardiovascular Prevention Units, ICAN-Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, AP-HP, Pitie-Salpetriere University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Thérond
- Service de Biochimie, AP-HP, Paris-Saclay University, Bicetre University Hospital, and EA 7357, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France
| | - Debi Swertfeger
- Department of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Yang XH, Zhang BL, Cheng Y, Fu SK, Jin HM. Statin use and the risk of CVD events, stroke, and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2470-2482. [PMID: 36064686 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Considering the lack of evidence on statin use and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with diabetes in primary and secondary prevention, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of statin use in individuals with diabetes for primary and secondary prevention. DATA SYNTHESIS The MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials databases were searched. We included studies that assessed the effect of statin use in individuals with diabetes for at least 1 year. The outcomes included CVD, all-cause mortality, and stroke. A total of 24 studies including 2,152,137 patients with diabetes were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with statin non-users, patients who received statins showed a lower risk of CVD events (primary prevention: risk ratio [RR] = 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69-0.94, P = 0.006; secondary prevention: RR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.65-0.87, P < 0.0001). No association was observed between statin and non-statin users and the risk of all-cause mortality. The pooled results also revealed that statin use reduced the risk of ischemic stroke in patients with diabetes (primary prevention: RR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.70-0.97, P = 0.020; secondary prevention: RR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.63-0.85, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Statin use significantly reduced the risk of CVD events and stroke, but not all-cause mortality, in individuals with diabetes undergoing both primary and secondary prevention. More data are required to verify the effects of statins in patients with diabetes. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021281132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Hong Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gong Wei Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bao Long Zhang
- The Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (IBS), Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yun Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gong Wei Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shun Kun Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gong Wei Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Min Jin
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gong Wei Road, Shanghai, China.
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Ashfaq M, Shah S, Rasul A, Hanif M, Khan HU, Khames A, Abdelgawad MA, Ghoneim MM, Ali MY, Abourehab MAS, Maheen S, Iqbal O, Abbas G, El Sisi AM. Enhancement of the Solubility and Bioavailability of Pitavastatin through a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS). Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030482. [PMID: 35335860 PMCID: PMC8953816 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to develop an SNEDDS to improve the solubility and bioavailability of pitavastatin. The solubility of pitavastatin in different oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants was determined and a pseudo-ternary phase diagram was constructed. The SNEDDS was characterized by zeta-sizer, zeta-potential, FTIR, DSC, and TGA. Release and permeation of pitavastatin from the SNEDDS was studied for 12 and 24 h, respectively. The lipolysis test, RBC lysis, effect on lipid profile, and pharmacokinetics were studied. The SPC3 formulation showed a 104 ± 1.50 nm particle size, a 0.198 polydispersity index (PDI), and a –29 zeta potential. FTIR, DSC, and TGA showed the chemical compatibility and thermal stability. The release and permeation of pitavastatin from SPC3 was 88.5 ± 2.5% and 96%, respectively. In the lipolysis test, the digestion of SPC3 yielded a high amount of pitavastatin and showed little RBC lysis. The lipid profile suggested that after 35 days of administration of the SNEDDS, there was a marked decrease in TC, LDL, and triglyceride levels. The SNEDDS of SPC3 showed an 86% viability of Caco-2 cells. Pharmacokinetics of SPC3 showed improved values of Cmax, Tmax, half-life, MRT, AUC, and AUMC compared to the reference formulation. Our study demonstrated that the SNEDDS effectively enhanced the solubility and bioavailability of a BCS class II drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Ashfaq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.A.); (A.R.); (M.Y.A.); (O.I.)
| | - Shahid Shah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Akhtar Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.A.); (A.R.); (M.Y.A.); (O.I.)
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan;
| | - Hafeez Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (H.U.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Ahmed Khames
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Yasir Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.A.); (A.R.); (M.Y.A.); (O.I.)
| | - Mohammad A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Safirah Maheen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (H.U.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Omeira Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.A.); (A.R.); (M.Y.A.); (O.I.)
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.A.); (A.R.); (M.Y.A.); (O.I.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Amani M. El Sisi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt;
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Cheng X, Zhang F, Gong J, Li Y, Zhou D, Wang J, Vong EG, Yuan Y, Lai M, Zhang D. Identification of potential functional variants and genes at 18q21.1 associated with the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010050. [PMID: 35108261 PMCID: PMC8870576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 160 susceptibility loci for colorectal cancer (CRC). The effects of these variants, particularly their mechanisms, however, remain unclear. In this study, a comprehensive functional annotation of CRC-related GWAS signals was firstly conducted to identify the potential causal variants. We found that the SNP rs7229639 in intron 3 of SMAD7 at 18q21.1 might serve as a putative functional variant in CRC. The SNP rs7229639 is located in a region with evidence of regulatory potential. Dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that three other SNPs (rs77544449, rs60385309 and rs72917785), in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs7229639, exhibited allele-specific enhancer activity, of which one of the target genes may conceivably be LIPG, as suggested by eQTL association data and Hi-C data. We also verified that LIPG promoted malignancy of CRC cells in vitro, with supporting clinical data indicating that LIPG is upregulated and correlated with a poor prognosis in CRC. Finally, pitavastatin was observed to exhibit an anti-CRC activity and modest inhibition of LIPG mRNA levels. Collectively, our data suggest that these functional variants at 18q21.1 are involved in the pathogenesis of CRC by modulating enhancer activity, and possibly LIPG expression, thus indicating a promising therapeutic target for CRC. The results of functional annotation in our investigation could also serve as an inventory for CRC susceptibility SNPs and offer guides for post-GWAS downstream functional studies. In the latest statistics, the incidence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains high. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become a powerful tool for identifying genetic susceptibility loci that confer significant risk on disease, and have identified more than 160 risk loci associated with CRC. However, it has proven quite difficult to identify the regulatory variants and target genes involved behind these GWAS signals. Here, we take advantage of multi-omics data and multiple biological experiments to reveal new biological pathways affecting susceptibility to CRC. We show that a specific genetic variant, rs7229639, and three other high linked functional variants (rs77544449, rs60385309 and rs72917785) at 18q21.1 might regulate the expression of LIPG, a gene that was shown to exhibit an oncogenic function by our in-vitro experiments and clinical data analysis. The link between genetic variants, gene expression and CRC phenotype established by us could provide references for follow-up basic and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Cheng
- Department of Pathology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fenglan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Gong
- Department of Pathology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yige Li
- Department of Pathology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Eu Gene Vong
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Chinese National Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (ML); (DZ)
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (ML); (DZ)
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (ML); (DZ)
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Pitavastatin stimulates retinal angiogenesis via HMG-CoA reductase-independent activation of RhoA-mediated pathways and focal adhesion. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 259:2707-2716. [PMID: 34328550 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive angiogenesis of the retina is a key component of irreversible causes of blindness in many ocular diseases. Pitavastatin is a cholesterol-lowering drug used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Various studies have shown the effects of pitavastatin on angiogenesis but the conclusions are contradictory. The effects of pitavastatin on retinal angiogenesis have not been revealed. This study investigated the effects of pitavastatin at clinically relevant concentrations on retinal angiogenesis and its underlying mechanisms using retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs). METHODS The effects of pitavastatin on retinal angiogenesis were determined using in vitro model of retinal angiogenesis, endothelial cell migration, adhesion, proliferation, and apoptosis assays. The mechanism studies were conducted using immunoblotting and stress fiber staining. RESULTS Pitavastatin stimulated capillary network formation of RMECs in a similar manner as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Pitavastatin also increased RMEC migration, adhesion to Matrigel, growth, and survival. The combination of pitavastatin with VEGF or LPS was more effective than VEGF or LPS alone in stimulating biological activities of RMECs, suggesting that pitavastatin can enhance the stimulatory effects of VEGF and LPS on retinal angiogenesis. Pitavastatin acted on RMECs in a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase-independent manner. In contrast, pitavastatin activated pro-angiogenic microenvironment via promoting the secretion of VEGF and stimulated retinal angiogenesis via multiple mechanisms including activation of RhoA-mediated pathways, induction of focal adhesion complex formation, and activation of ERK pathway. CONCLUSION Our work provides a preclinical evidence on the pro-angiogenic effect of pitavastatin in retina via multiple mechanisms that are irrelevant to mevalonate pathway.
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Nagao M, Miyashita K, Mori K, Irino Y, Toh R, Hara T, Hirata KI, Shinohara M, Nakajima K, Ishida T. Serum concentration of full-length- and carboxy-terminal fragments of endothelial lipase predicts future cardiovascular risks in patients with coronary artery disease. J Clin Lipidol 2019; 13:839-846. [PMID: 31473149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial lipase (EL), a regulator of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), is secreted as a 68-kDa mature glycoprotein, and then cleaved by proprotein convertases. However, the clinical significance of the circulating EL fragments remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of serum EL fragments on HDL-C levels and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). METHODS Using novel monoclonal antibodies (RC3A6) against carboxy-terminal EL protein, we have established a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system, which can detect both full-length EL protein (full EL) and carboxy-terminal truncated fragments (total EL) in serum. The previous sandwich ELISA detected only full EL. The full and total EL mass were measured in 556 patients with coronary artery disease. Among them, 272 patients who underwent coronary intervention were monitored for 2 years for MACE. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between serum full and total EL mass (R = 0.45, P < .0001). However, the total EL mass showed a stronger inverse correlation with serum HDL-cholesterol concentration than the full EL mass (R = -0.17 vs -0.02). Kaplan-Meier analysis documented an association of serum total EL mass and MACE (log-rank P = .037). When an optimal cutoff value was set at 96.23 ng/mL, total EL mass was an independent prognostic factor for MACE in the Cox proportional hazard model (HR; 1.75, 95% CI; 1.10-2.79, P = .018). CONCLUSION Serum total EL mass could be a predictor for MACE in patients with coronary artery disease. This novel ELISA will be useful for further clarifying the impact of EL on HDL metabolism and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Nagao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Kenta Mori
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Irino
- Division of Evidence-based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ryuji Toh
- Division of Evidence-based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuya Hara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Evidence-based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Division of Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Nakajima
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Medicine, Kagawa Nutrition University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishida
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
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Yun SM, Park JY, Seo SW, Song J. Association of plasma endothelial lipase levels on cognitive impairment. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:187. [PMID: 31216999 PMCID: PMC6585097 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been known to influx into the brain and be inversely associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, recent prospective studies of the association between HDL-C and AD have yielded inconsistent results. Here, we examined the association between the endothelial lipase (EL), which is known to be major determinant of HDL-C levels, and cognitive function. METHOD We compared plasma from 20 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 38 persons with mild cognitive impairment, and 51 cognitively normal controls. Plasma EL levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS EL levels were inversely correlated with HDL-C, as previously reported; however, there were no mean differences in plasma EL between the diagnostic groups. An analysis by classification of dementia severity according to clinical dementia rating (CDR) showed that the EL levels were significantly higher in the CDR1 group (mild dementia), as compared to CDR0 (no dementia), CDR0.5 (very mild), and CDR2 (moderate) groups. Prior to moderate dementia stage, trends analysis showed that EL levels tended to increase with increasing severity (p for trend = 0.013). Consistently, elevated EL levels were significantly correlated with the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score (r = - 0.29, p = 0.003). Logistic regression for association between plasma EL and cognitive impairment (MMSE score ≤ 25) showed that participants with EL levels in the upper range (> 31.6 ng/ml) have a higher adjusted odds ratio of cognitive impairment than those within the lower EL range. CONCLUSION Findings from the present study reflect the association of EL and cognition, suggesting that the individuals with elevated plasma EL concentration are at an increased risk of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Moon Yun
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jee-Yun Park
- 0000 0004 0647 4899grid.415482.eDivision of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351 Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Song
- 0000 0004 0647 4899grid.415482.eDivision of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159 Republic of Korea
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Yu X, Lu J, Li J, Guan W, Deng S, Deng Q, Ye H, Han W, Yu Y, Zhang R. Serum Triglyceride Lipase Concentrations are Independent Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease and In-Stent Restenosis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 26:762-774. [PMID: 30651409 PMCID: PMC6753239 DOI: 10.5551/jat.46821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Endothelial lipase (EL), hepatic lipase (HL), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) are all triglyceride lipases and are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, whether they can be simultaneous independent risk factors for CAD is unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether the three lipases can be independent risk factors simultaneously for CAD and whether combining these lipases could provide greater predictive power than high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) for the development of CAD. Methods: Eighty-six patients with CAD and 65 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Additionally, 38 patients who underwent one-year follow-up angiography after percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation were collected to investigate in-stent restenosis. Serum EL, HL, and LPL concentrations were measured and compared with other coronary risk factors. Results: Serum EL and HL concentrations were both significantly increased in patients with CAD or in-stent restenosis, whereas serum LPL concentration was reduced significantly in patients with CAD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the three lipases were simultaneous independent risk factors for CAD. However, only serum EL concentration was considered an independent risk factor for in-stent restenosis. Importantly, the receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the combined measurement of the three lipases displayed better predictive power than HDL-c or any one of the three lipases for CAD. Conclusions: Serum EL concentration was an independent risk factor for both CAD and in-stent restenosis. Moreover, the combined assessment of serum EL, HL, and LPL concentrations as multiple risk factors provided potent predictive power for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Yu
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Jianping Lu
- Department of Physical examinations, The Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Jingjing Li
- Laboratory of Regeneromics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Wen Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Shaorong Deng
- Laboratory of Regeneromics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Qing Deng
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Hao Ye
- Laboratory of Regeneromics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Wei Han
- Laboratory of Regeneromics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Yan Yu
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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10
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Anioke I, Okwuosa C, Uchendu I, Chijioke O, Dozie-Nwakile O, Ikegwuonu I, Kalu P, Okafor M. Investigation into Hypoglycemic, Antihyperlipidemic, and Renoprotective Potentials of Dennettia tripetala (Pepper Fruit) Seed in a Rat Model of Diabetes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6923629. [PMID: 29181401 PMCID: PMC5664378 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6923629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the hypoglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and renoprotective potentials of Dennettia tripetala (DT) in a rat model of diabetes. The hypoglycemic activity in crude methanol seed extract of DT (CMEDT) and methanol seed fraction of DT (MFDT) measured by glucose oxidase method was increased by 47.37% and 28.72%, respectively, after 8 hours of administration. After 10 days of treatment, CMEDT and MFDT gave a good glycemic control with the highest percentage reduction of 75.82% and 71.34% in glucose level, respectively, which is closely compared with 79.91% in glibenclamide. Using the enzymatic assay and Friedewald's equation, there was a significant reduction in serum level of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p < 0.05) following treatment with CMEDT and MFDT, when compared with the untreated group, although results varied in dosed groups, with high dose of MFDT showing a better lipid-lowering activity. High dose of MFDT improved lipid metabolism and increased percentage protection against atherogenesis by 44%. However, neither CMEDT nor MFDT ameliorated the renal biochemical alteration in urea and creatinine. Thus, the study demonstrates hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic potentials of DT seed in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Anioke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Chukwugozie Okwuosa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ikenna Uchendu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Olive Chijioke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ogechukwu Dozie-Nwakile
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Ikegwuonu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Peculiar Kalu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Maryann Okafor
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
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11
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12
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Orsoni A, Thérond P, Tan R, Giral P, Robillard P, Kontush A, Meikle PJ, Chapman MJ. Statin action enriches HDL3 in polyunsaturated phospholipids and plasmalogens and reduces LDL-derived phospholipid hydroperoxides in atherogenic mixed dyslipidemia. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:2073-2087. [PMID: 27581680 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p068585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherogenic mixed dyslipidemia associates with oxidative stress and defective HDL antioxidative function in metabolic syndrome (MetS). The impact of statin treatment on the capacity of HDL to inactivate LDL-derived, redox-active phospholipid hydroperoxides (PCOOHs) in MetS is indeterminate. Insulin-resistant, hypertriglyceridemic, hypertensive, obese males were treated with pitavastatin (4 mg/day) for 180 days, resulting in marked reduction in plasma TGs (-41%) and LDL-cholesterol (-38%), with minor effects on HDL-cholesterol and apoAI. Native plasma LDL (baseline vs. 180 days) was oxidized by aqueous free radicals under mild conditions in vitro either alone or in the presence of the corresponding pre- or poststatin HDL2 or HDL3 at authentic plasma mass ratios. Lipidomic analyses revealed that statin treatment i) reduced the content of oxidizable polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine (PUPC) species containing DHA and linoleic acid in LDL; ii) preferentially increased the content of PUPC species containing arachidonic acid (AA) in small, dense HDL3; iii) induced significant elevation in the content of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) plasmalogens containing AA and DHA in HDL3; and iv) induced formation of HDL3 particles with increased capacity to inactivate PCOOH with formation of redox-inactive phospholipid hydroxide. Statin action attenuated LDL oxidability Concomitantly, the capacity of HDL3 to inactivate redox-active PCOOH was enhanced relative to HDL2, consistent with preferential enrichment of PE plasmalogens and PUPC in HDL3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexina Orsoni
- Clinical Biochemistry Service, APHP, HUPS, Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Patrice Thérond
- Clinical Biochemistry Service, APHP, HUPS, Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Lip(Sys) Department, Atherosclerosis: Cholesterol Homeostasis and Macrophage Trafficking, Paris-Sud University and Paris-Saclay University, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Ricardo Tan
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philippe Giral
- Service of Endocrinology-Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Paul Robillard
- INSERM UMR-S939, Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis, and University of Pierre and Marie Curie, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anatol Kontush
- INSERM UMR-S1166 and University of Pierre and Marie Curie, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M John Chapman
- Clinical Biochemistry Service, APHP, HUPS, Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France .,Service of Endocrinology-Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S939, Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis, and University of Pierre and Marie Curie, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
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13
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White PJ, Mitchell PL, Schwab M, Trottier J, Kang JX, Barbier O, Marette A. Transgenic ω-3 PUFA enrichment alters morphology and gene expression profile in adipose tissue of obese mice: Potential role for protectins. Metabolism 2015; 64:666-76. [PMID: 25726444 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary administration of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is often associated with altered adipose tissue (AT) morphology and/or function in obese mice. Yet, it is unclear whether this is an indirect consequence of reduced weight gain or results from direct actions of ω-3 PUFA. Here we studied the AT of high fat (HF)-fed fat-1 transgenic mice that convert endogenous ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA while maintaining equivalent fat accretion as their wild-type (WT) counterparts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adipocyte size profiling, Affymetrix microarray pathway analysis, qPCR and protectin identification and analysis were performed in epididymal AT from hemizygous fat-1(+/-) mice and their wild type littermates that had been fed a HF diet for 8weeks from 6weeks of age. RESULTS Despite equivalent fat pad mass, we found that epididymal AT from HF-fed transgenic animals possesses fewer large and very large but more mid-size adipocytes compared to WT mice. In order to better understand the underlying mechanisms contributing to the observed alteration in adipocyte size we performed an Affymetrix microarray. Pathway analysis of these data highlighted adipogenesis, cholesterol biosynthesis, insulin signaling, prostaglandin synthesis/regulation and small ligand GPCRs as points where differentially expressed genes were significantly overrepresented. Observed changes were confirmed for four candidate genes: Cnr1, Cnr2, Faah and Pparg by qPCR. Finally we demonstrated that protectin DX is present in AT and that protectin DX and protectin D1 promote comparable PPARγ transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS These data provide unprecedented evidence that ω-3 PUFA coordinately regulate AT gene expression programs in a manner that is independent of restriction of weight gain or fat accrual and highlight an important influence of ω-3 PUFA on adipogenesis. Furthermore we provide primary evidence suggesting that protectins likely contribute to these effects via their influence on PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J White
- Department of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada and Laval University Hospital Research Center, Metabolism, Vascular and Renal Health Axis, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
| | - Patricia L Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada and Laval University Hospital Research Center, Metabolism, Vascular and Renal Health Axis, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael Schwab
- Department of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada and Laval University Hospital Research Center, Metabolism, Vascular and Renal Health Axis, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Trottier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU-Québec Research Centre and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU-Québec Research Centre and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Department of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada and Laval University Hospital Research Center, Metabolism, Vascular and Renal Health Axis, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada.
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14
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Sun L, Ishida T, Miyashita K, Kinoshita N, Mori K, Yasuda T, Toh R, Nakajima K, Imamura S, Hirata KI. Plasma activity of endothelial lipase impacts high-density lipoprotein metabolism and coronary risk factors in humans. J Atheroscler Thromb 2013; 21:313-21. [PMID: 24369272 DOI: 10.5551/jat.20131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Endothelial lipase (EL) is a determinant of plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). However, little is known about the impact of EL activity on plasma lipid profile. We aimed to establish a new method to evaluate EL-specific phospholipase activity in humans. METHODS Plasma samples were obtained from 115 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 154 patients without CAD. Plasma EL protein was immunoprecipitated using an anti-EL monoclonal antibody after plasma non-specific immunoglobulins were removed by incubation with ProteinA. The phospholipase activity of the immunoprecipitated samples was measured using a fluorogenic phospholipase substrate, Bis-BODIPY FL C11-PC. RESULTS The EL-specific phospholipase assay revealed that plasma EL activity was inversely correlated with HDL-C levels (R = -0.3088, p<0.0001). In addition, the EL activity was associated with cigarette smoking. Furthermore, EL activity in CAD patients was significantly higher than that in nonCAD patients. Concomitantly, the HDL-C level in CAD patients were significantly lower than that in non-CAD patients. CONCLUSION We have established a method for human plasma EL-specific phospholipase activity by combination of EL immunoprecipitation and a fluorogenic phospholipid substrate. Plasma EL activity was associated with not only plasma HDL-C levels but also the risks for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
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15
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Miyamoto-Sasaki M, Yasuda T, Monguchi T, Nakajima H, Mori K, Toh R, Ishida T, Hirata KI. Pitavastatin Increases HDL Particles Functionally Preserved with Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Antioxidative Actions in Dyslipidemic Patients. J Atheroscler Thromb 2013; 20:708-16. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.17210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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16
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Ishida T, Miyashita K, Shimizu M, Kinoshita N, Mori K, Sun L, Yasuda T, Imamura S, Nakajima K, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Hirata KI. ELISA system for human endothelial lipase. Clin Chem 2012; 58:1656-64. [PMID: 23071361 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2012.187914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial lipase (EL) regulates the metabolism of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). However, the role of EL in regulating plasma HDL-C concentrations and EL's potential involvement in atherosclerosis in humans has not been fully investigated due to the lack of reliable assays for EL mass. We developed an ELISA system for serum EL mass. METHODS Human recombinant EL proteins, purified from cultured media of human EL-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells, were used as antigen and calibrator. Two specific monoclonal antibodies were generated in mice against recombinant EL protein for a sandwich ELISA. We measured EL mass in human serum using EL recombinant protein as a calibration standard. RESULTS The EL antibodies did not cross-react with lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase. The detection limit of the ELISA was 20 pg/mL, which is approximately 10 times lower than that of previous ELISA systems. Recovery of spiked EL in serum was 90%-105%. Assay linearity was intact with a >4-fold dilution of serum. Intra- and interassay CVs were <5%. The serum EL mass in 645 human subjects was [mean (SE)] 344.4 (7.7) pg/mL (range 55.2-1387.7 pg/mL). Interestingly, serum EL mass was increased in patients with diagnosed cardiovascular disease and inversely correlated with serum HDL-C concentrations. There was no difference in EL mass between pre- and postheparin plasma samples. CONCLUSIONS This ELISA should be useful for clarifying the impact of EL on HDL metabolism and EL's potential role in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Ishida
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
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17
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Sun L, Ishida T, Okada T, Yasuda T, Hara T, Toh R, Shinohara M, Yamashita T, Rikitake Y, Hirata KI. Expression of endothelial lipase correlates with the size of neointima in a murine model of vascular remodeling. J Atheroscler Thromb 2012; 19:1110-27. [PMID: 22972429 DOI: 10.5551/jat.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Endothelial lipase (EL) regulates plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels by promoting HDL catabolism. However, it remains unknown whether the inhibition of EL has beneficial effects on the genesis of vascular diseases. Here, we investigated the role of EL on vascular remodeling in mice. METHODS Vascular remodeling was developed by ligation of the left common carotid artery and neointimal lesions were histologically compared between EL-knockout (ELKO), EL-transgenic (ELTg), and wild-type (WT) mice. HDL was isolated from these mice, and effects of the HDL on cell growth and Erk activation were evaluated in vitro using cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. RESULTS Plasma HDL-C levels were 62% higher in ELKO and 13% lower in ELTg than in WT mice, after the carotid ligation. The size of neointimal lesion was significantly larger in ELTg and smaller in ELKO than in WT mice. Vascular expression of adhesion molecules was lower in ELKO and higher in ELTg compared with WT mice. Moreover, oxidative stress was attenuated in ELKO mice. HDL isolated from ELKO, ELTg, and WT mice inhibited expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, angiotensin II-induced activation of Erk, and growth of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, whereas EL expression itself did not affect cell migration or growth. CONCLUSION EL expression modulates vascular remodeling as well as plasma HDL-C levels. EL inactivation may increase HDL particles that can inhibit smooth muscle cell growth and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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18
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Li H, Peng W, Jian W, Li Y, Li Q, Li W, Xu Y. ROCK inhibitor fasudil attenuated high glucose-induced MCP-1 and VCAM-1 expression and monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:65. [PMID: 22694757 PMCID: PMC3461463 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies suggested that the RhoA/ROCK pathway may contribute to vascular complications in diabetes. The present study was designed to investigate whether ROCK inhibitor fasudil could prevent high glucose-induced monocyte-endothelial cells adhesion, and whether this was related to fasudil effects on vascular endothelial cell expression of chemotactic factors, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Methods HUVECs were stimulated with high glucose (HG) or HG + fasudil in different concentration or different time. Monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion was determined using fluorescence-labeled monocytes. The mRNA and protein expression of VCAM-1 and MCP-1 were measured using real-time PCR and western blot. The protein levels of RhoA, ROCKI and p-MYPT were determined using western blot analysis. ELISA was employed to measure the expression of soluble VCAM-1 and MCP-1 in cell supernatants and human serum samples. Results Fasudil significantly suppressed HG-induced adhesion of THP-1 to HUVECs. Fasudil reduced Rho/ROCK activity (as indicated by lower p-MYPT/MYPT ratio), and prevented HG induced increases in VCAM-1 and MCP-1 mRNA and protein levels. Fasudil also decreased MCP-1 concentration in HUVEC supernatants, but increased sVCAM-1 shedding into the media. In human diabetic subjects, 2 weeks of fasudil treatment significantly decreased serum MCP-1 level from 27.9 ± 10.6 pg/ml to 13.8 ± 7.0 pg/ml (P < 0.05), while sVCAM-1 increased from 23.2 ± 7.5 ng/ml to 39.7 ± 5.6 ng/ml after fasudil treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions Treatment with the Rho/ROCK pathway inhibitor fasudil attenuated HG-induced monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, possibly by reducing endothelial expression of VCAM-1 and MCP-1. These results suggest inhibition of Rho/ROCK signaling may have therapeutic potential in preventing diabetes associated vascular inflammation and atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Han J, Pan XY, Xu Y, Xiao Y, An Y, Tie L, Pan Y, Li XJ. Curcumin induces autophagy to protect vascular endothelial cell survival from oxidative stress damage. Autophagy 2012; 8:812-25. [PMID: 22622204 DOI: 10.4161/auto.19471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study first proposed that curcumin could protect human endothelial cells from the damage caused by oxidative stress via autophagy. Furthermore, our results revealed that curcumin causes some novel cellular mechanisms that promote autophagy as a protective effect. Pretreatment with curcumin remarkably improves the survival of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from H 2O 2-induced viability loss, which specifically evokes an autophagic response. Exposed to H 2O 2, curcumin-treated HUVECs upregulate the level of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II), the number of autophagosomes, and the degradation of p62. We show that this compound promotes BECN1 expression and inhibits the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns3K)-AKT-mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) signaling pathway. Curcumin can also reverse FOXO1 (a mediator of autophagy) nuclear localization along with causing an elevated level of cytoplasmic acetylation of FOXO1 and the interaction of acetylated FOXO1 and ATG7, under the circumstance of oxidative stress. Additionally, knockdown of FOXO1 by shRNA inhibits not only the protective effects that curcumin induced, but the autophagic process, from the quantity of LC3-II to the expression of RAB7. These results suggest that curcumin induces autophagy, indicating that curcumin has the potential for use as an autophagic-related antioxidant for prevention and treatment of oxidative stress. These data uncover a brand new protective mechanism involving FOXO1 as having a critical role in regulating autophagy in HUVECs, and suggest a novel role for curcumin in inducing a beneficial form of autophagy in HUVECs, which may be a potential multitargeted therapeutic avenue for the treatment of oxidative stress-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and Department of Pharmacology. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Riederer M, Trbušić M, Degoricija V, Frank S. Endothelial Lipase Plasma Levels are Increased in Patients With Significant Carotid Artery Stenosis and History of Neurological Impairment. J Clin Med Res 2012; 4:49-51. [PMID: 22383927 PMCID: PMC3279501 DOI: 10.4021/jocmr734w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial lipase (EL) is a phospholipase expressed predominantly by vascular endothelial cells. The goal of the present study was to examine whether EL plasma levels in patients with carotid artery stenosis differ between those with previous history of neurological impairment and those without neurological symptoms. METHODS EL plasma levels were measured by a competitive ELISA assay. RESULTS EL plasma levels were significantly higher in the symptomatic, compared with the asymptomatic group (mean 489.61 ± 145 ng/ml (n = 31) vs. 388.39 ± 133 ng/ml (n = 24), t-test, P = 0.011). CONCLUSION We concluded that increased EL plasma levels reflect the patients' overall susceptibility for cerebrovascular events. KEYWORDS Atherosclerosis; Carotid artery stenosis; Endothelial lipase; Neurological impairment; Carotid endarterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Riederer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Trbušić M, Riederer M, Vučić M, Lovričević I, Krušlin B, Gauster M, Mohrenz S, Berghold A, Tiran B, Degoricija V, Frank S. Increased expression of endothelial lipase in symptomatic and unstable carotid plaques. J Neurol 2011; 259:448-56. [PMID: 21842303 PMCID: PMC3296002 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-6198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate endothelial lipase (EL) protein expression in advanced human carotid artery plaques (HCAP) with regard to plaque (in)stability and the incidence of symptoms. HCAP were collected from 66 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The degree of plaque (in)stability was estimated by ultrasound and histology. In HCAP sections, EL expression was determined by immunostaining and the intensity was assessed on a semi-quantitative scale (low: <25%, high: >25% positive cells). Monocytes and macrophages in adjacent HCAP sections were stained with a CD163 specific antibody. High EL staining was more prevalent in histologically unstable plaques (in 33.3% of fibrous plaques, 50% of ulcerated non-complicated plaques and 79.2% of ulcerated complicated plaques; χ2 test, p = 0.004) and in the symptomatic group (70.8 vs. 42.9% in the asymptomatic group; χ2 test, p = 0.028). The majority of EL immunostaining was found in those HCAP regions exhibiting a strong CD163 immunostaining. EL in HCAP might be a marker and/or promoter of plaque instability and HCAP-related symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Trbušić
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Hara T, Ishida T, Kojima Y, Tanaka H, Yasuda T, Shinohara M, Toh R, Hirata KI. Targeted deletion of endothelial lipase increases HDL particles with anti-inflammatory properties both in vitro and in vivo. J Lipid Res 2010; 52:57-67. [PMID: 20926433 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m008417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that targeted deletion of endothelial lipase (EL) markedly increases the plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level in mice. However, little is known about the functional quality of HDL particles after EL inhibition. Therefore, the present study assessed the functional quality of HDL isolated from EL(-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice. Anti-inflammatory functions of HDL from EL(-/-) and WT mice were evaluated by in vitro assays. The HDL functions such as PON-1 or PAF-AH activities, inhibition of cytokine-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression, inhibition of LDL oxidation, and the ability of cholesterol efflux were similar in HDL isolated from WT and EL(-/-) mice. In contrast, the lipopolysaccharide-neutralizing capacity of HDL was significantly higher in EL(-/-) mice than that in WT mice. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory actions of HDL in vivo, lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation was generated in these mice. EL(-/-) mice showed higher survival rate and lower expression of inflammatory markers than WT mice. Intravenous administration of HDL isolated from EL(-/-) mice significantly improved the mortality after lipopolysaccharide injection in WT mice. In conclusion, targeted disruption of EL increased HDL particles with preserved anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic functions. Thus, EL inhibition would be a useful strategy to raise 'good' cholesterol in the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There are strong epidemiologic connections between plasma triglycerides and atherosclerosis. We will consider to what extent this goes back to derangements of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) system. The roles of hepatic lipase and endothelial lipase will also be touched upon. RECENT FINDINGS Understanding of LPL action has taken major steps with the discovery of lipase maturation factor 1 as a specific endoplasmic reticulum chaperon needed for proper folding of the lipases, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored HDL-binding protein 1 as an endothelial cell protein needed for transport and binding of LPL and some angiopoietin-like proteins that can modulate LPL activity. Studies of genetic variants continue to support the important roles of the lipases in lipoprotein metabolism and in atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION There are several ways by which derangement of the lipases may contribute to atherogenesis. Lipase actions are major determinants of plasma lipoprotein patterns. LPL activity must be modulated in relation to the physiological situation (feeding, fasting, exercise, etc.). Fatty acids and monoglycerides generated must be efficiently removed so that they do not endanger the integrity of the endothelium, cause lipotoxic reactions or both. In addition, the lipases may cause binding and endocytosis of lipoprotein particles in the artery wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Olivecrona
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Section on Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Yasuda T, Ishida T, Rader DJ. Update on the Role of Endothelial Lipase in High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism, Reverse Cholesterol Transport, and Atherosclerosis. Circ J 2010; 74:2263-70. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-10-0934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yasuda
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate school of Medicine
| | - Tatsuro Ishida
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate school of Medicine
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
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Yamashita S, Tsubakio-Yamamoto K, Ohama T, Nakagawa-Toyama Y, Nishida M. Molecular Mechanisms of HDL-Cholesterol Elevation by Statins and Its Effects on HDL Functions. J Atheroscler Thromb 2010; 17:436-51. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.5405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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