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Fattahi MJ, Rehm BH, Matsuo H, Cuzzocrea S, Jafarnezhad-Ansariha F, Ahmadi H, Tofighi-Zavareh F, Oraei M, Aghazadeh Z, Mirshafiey A. Evaluation of cell adhesion molecules (LFA-1 and L-selectin) in ankylosing spondylitis patients after treatment with β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000). Indian J Med Res 2023; 157:453-459. [PMID: 37955219 PMCID: PMC10443726 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_448_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives To examine β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) effects on L-selectin shedding and leucocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) expression as mechanisms of action of this drug in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods To investigate the molecular consequences of β-D-mannuronic acid on L-selectin shedding, flow cytometry method was used. Furthermore, the effect of it on LFA-1 gene expression was analyzed by using quantitative real time (qRT)-PCR technique. Results The LFA-1 expression in patients with AS was higher than controls (P=0.046). The LFA-1 expression after 12 wk therapy with β-D-mannuronic acid was meaningfully decreased (P=0.01). After 12 wk treatment with β-D-mannuronic acid, the frequency of CD62L-expressing CD4+ T cells in patients with AS, was not considerably altered, compared to the patients before therapy (P=0.5). Furthermore, after 12 wk therapy with β-D-mannuronic acid, L-selectin expression levels on CD4+ T-cells in patients with AS, were not remarkably changed, compared to the expression levels of these in patients before treatment (P=0.2). Interpretation & conclusions The results of this study for the first time showed that β-D-mannuronic acid can affect events of adhesion cascade in patients with AS. Moreover, β-D-mannuronic acid presented as an acceptable benefit to AS patients and could aid in the process of disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Fattahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bernd H.A. Rehm
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand,
| | - Hidenori Matsuo
- Department of Clinical Research, Nagasaki Kawatana Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical & Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fahimeh Jafarnezhad-Ansariha
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Ahmadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Tofighi-Zavareh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Oraei
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Aghazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Wang K, Sun X, Sun Y, Jiao B, Yao J, Hu Y, Deng Q, Dong J, Wang W, Wang Y, Li C. Transcriptional regulation of macrophages in heart failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1148041. [PMID: 37063966 PMCID: PMC10097991 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1148041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction is the most important pathological mechanism of heart failure and remains a major problem in clinical practice. Cardiac macrophages, derived from tissue resident macrophages and circulating monocyte, undergo significant phenotypic and functional changes following cardiac injury and play crucial roles in inflammatory response and tissue repair response. Currently, numerous studies indicate that epigenetic regulatory factors and transcription factors can regulate the transcription of inflammatory and reparative genes and timely conversion of inflammatory macrophages into reparative macrophages and then alleviate cardiac remodeling. Accordingly, targeting transcriptional regulation of macrophages may be a promising option for heart failure treatment. In this review, we not only summarize the origin and function of cardiac macrophages, but more importantly, describe the transcriptional regulation of macrophages in heart failure, aiming to provide a potential therapeutic target for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyan Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Boyang Jiao
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junkai Yao
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yueyao Hu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Deng
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianteng Dong
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Syndrome and Formula, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence: Wei Wang Yong Wang Chun Li
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Syndrome and Formula, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Wei Wang Yong Wang Chun Li
| | - Chun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Syndrome and Formula, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Wei Wang Yong Wang Chun Li
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Ayama-Canden S, Tondo R, Piñeros L, Ninane N, Demazy C, Dieu M, Fattaccioli A, Tabarrant T, Lucas S, Bonifazi D, Michiels C. IGDQ motogenic peptide gradient induces directional cell migration through integrin (αv)β3 activation in MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast cancer cells. Neoplasia 2022; 31:100816. [PMID: 35763908 PMCID: PMC9241093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of breast cancer metastasis study, we have shown in an in vitro model of cell migration that IGDQ-exposing (IsoLeu-Gly-Asp-Glutamine type I Fibronectin motif) monolayers (SAMs) on gold sustain the adhesion of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by triggering Focal Adhesion Kinase and integrin activation. Such tunable scaffolds are used to mimic the tumor extracellular environment, inducing and controlling cell migration. The observed migratory behavior induced by the IGDQ-bearing peptide gradient along the surface allows to separate cell subpopulations with a "stationary" or "migratory" phenotype. In this work, we knocked down the integrins α5(β1) and (αv)β since they are already known to be implicated in cell migration. To this aim, a whole proteomic analysis was performed in beta 3 integrin (ITGB3) or alpha 5 integrin (ITGA5) knock-down MDA-MB-231 cells, in order to highlight the pathways implied in the integrin-dependent cell migration. Our results showed that i) ITGB3 depletion influenced ITGA5 mRNA expression, ii) ITGB3 and ITGA5 were both necessary for IGDQ-mediated directional single cell migration and iii) integrin (αv)β3 was activated by IGDQ fibronectin type I motif. Finally, the proteomic analysis suggested that co-regulation of recycling transport of ITGB3 by ITGA5 is potentially necessary for directional IGDQ-mediated cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Ayama-Canden
- URBC - NARILIS, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Rodolfo Tondo
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Liliana Piñeros
- URBC - NARILIS, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Noëlle Ninane
- URBC - NARILIS, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Catherine Demazy
- URBC - NARILIS, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Marc Dieu
- MaSUN, Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Antoine Fattaccioli
- URBC - NARILIS, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Tijani Tabarrant
- LARN - NARILIS, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Lucas
- LARN - NARILIS, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom; Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Carine Michiels
- URBC - NARILIS, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
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Mei W, Zhu B, Shu Y, Liang Y, Lin M, He M, Luo H, Ye J. GDF11 protects against glucotoxicity-induced mice retinal microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction and diabetic retinopathy disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 537:111422. [PMID: 34391845 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) has been implicated in the regulation of embryonic development and age-related dysfunction, including the regulation of retinal progenitor cells. However, little is known about the functions of GDF11 in diabetic retinopathy. In this study, we demonstrated that GDF11 treatment improved diabetes-induced retinal cell death, capillary degeneration, pericyte loss, inflammation, and blood-retinal barrier breakdown in mice. Treatment of isolated mouse retinal microvascular endothelial cells with recombinant GDF11 in vitro attenuated glucotoxicity-induced retinal endothelial apoptosis and the inflammatory response. The protective mechanisms exerted are associated with TGF-β/Smad2, PI3k-Akt-FoxO1 activation,and NF-κB pathway inhibition. This study indicated that GDF11 is a novel therapeutic target for diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Mei
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanhai District People's Hospital of Foshan, Foping Road 40, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hanzheng Road 473, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fuxingmen Wai Street A 20, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanhai District People's Hospital of Foshan, Foping Road 40, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanhua Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Jiangmen, Penglai Road 19, Jiangmen, 529000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mei Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hanzheng Road 473, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Mingjuan He
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hanzheng Road 473, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Haizhao Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanhai District People's Hospital of Foshan, Foping Road 40, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingwen Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanhai District People's Hospital of Foshan, Foping Road 40, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong Province, China
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5
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Liu L, Zhao Q, Kong M, Mao L, Yang Y, Xu Y. Myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) regulates integrin beta 2 transcription to promote macrophage infiltration and cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:844-858. [PMID: 33752236 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Macrophage-mediated inflammatory response represents a key pathophysiological process in a host of cardiovascular diseases including heart failure. Regardless of etiology, heart failure is invariably preceded by cardiac hypertrophy. In the present study we investigated the effect of macrophage-specific deletion of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) on cardiac hypertrophy and the underlying mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS We report that when subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC), macrophage MRTF-A conditional knockout (CKO) mice developed a less severe phenotype of cardiac hypertrophy compared to wild type (WT) littermates and were partially protected from the loss of heart function. In addition, there was less extensive cardiac fibrosis in the CKO mice than WT mice following the TAC procedure. Further analysis revealed that cardiac inflammation, as assessed by levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, was dampened in CKO mice paralleling reduced infiltration of macrophages in the heart. Mechanistically, MRTF-A deficiency attenuated the expression of integrin beta 2 (ITGB2/CD18) in macrophage thereby disrupting adhesion of macrophages to vascular endothelial cells. MRTF-A was recruited by Sp1 to the ITGB2 promoter and cooperated with Sp1 to activate ITGB2 transcription in macrophages. Administration of a CD18 blocking antibody attenuated TAC induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Interaction between MRTF-A and the histone demethylase KDM3A likely contributed to IGTB2 transcription and consequently adhesion of macrophages to endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that MRTF-A may regulate macrophage trafficking and contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy by activating ITGB2 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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6
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Schoppmeyer R, van Buul JD. The diapedesis synapse: dynamic leukocyte-endothelium interactions. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Alcaraz MJ, Ferrándiz ML. Relevance of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 in articular diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 157:83-93. [PMID: 31830562 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Joint conditions pose an important public health problem as they are a leading cause of pain, functional limitation and physical disability. Oxidative stress is related to the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases affecting the joints such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Cells have developed adaptive protection mechanisms to maintain homeostasis such as nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which regulates the transcription of many genes involved in redox balance, detoxification, metabolism and inflammation. Activation of Nrf2 results in the synthesis of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) leading to the formation of a number of bioactive metabolites, mainly CO, biliverdin and bilirubin. Ample evidence supports the notion that Nrf2 and HO-1 can confer protection against oxidative stress and inflammatory and immune responses in joint tissues. As a consequence, this pathway may control the activation and metabolism of articular cells to play a regulatory role in joint destruction thus offering new opportunities for better treatments. Further studies are necessary to identify improved strategies to regulate Nrf2 and HO-1 activation in order to enable the development of drugs with therapeutic applications in joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Alcaraz
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Luisa Ferrándiz
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
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8
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Zamudio-Cuevas Y, Andonegui-Elguera MA, Aparicio-Juárez A, Aguillón-Solís E, Martínez-Flores K, Ruvalcaba-Paredes E, Velasquillo-Martínez C, Ibarra C, Martínez-López V, Gutiérrez M, García-Arrazola R, Hernández-Valencia CG, Romero-Montero A, Hernández-Valdepeña MA, Gimeno M, Sánchez-Sánchez R. The enzymatic poly(gallic acid) reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro, a potential application in inflammatory diseases. Inflammation 2020; 44:174-185. [PMID: 32803665 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines like IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β are important mediators of inflammation in many inflammatory diseases, as well as in cellular processes like cell proliferation and cell adhesion. Finding new molecules that decrease cell proliferation, adhesion (inflammatory infiltrate), and pro-inflammatory cytokine release could help in the treatment of many inflammatory diseases. The naturally derived poly(gallic acid) (PGAL), produced enzymatically from gallic acid in aqueous medium, is a non-toxic, thermostable multiradical polyanion that is antioxidant and has potential biomedical uses. Experimental evidence has demonstrated that PGAL reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are the target of some inflammatory diseases. PGAL decreased IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β production in human monocytes exposed to PMA without affecting cell viability. Additionally, PGAL reduced cell proliferation by affecting the transition from the S phase to the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Cell adhesion experiments showed that PMA-induced cell adhesion was diminished with the presence of PGAL, particularly at a concentration of 200 μg/mL. These properties of PGAL show a potential use for treating inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis or arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yessica Zamudio-Cuevas
- Laboratorio de Líquido Sinovial, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | - Edson Aguillón-Solís
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Karina Martínez-Flores
- Laboratorio de Líquido Sinovial, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Erika Ruvalcaba-Paredes
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cristina Velasquillo-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Clemente Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Valentín Martínez-López
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marwin Gutiérrez
- División de Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y Reumáticas, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Roeb García-Arrazola
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | | | - Miquel Gimeno
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ciudad de México, México.
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Maternal undernutrition results in altered renal pro-inflammatory gene expression concomitant with hypertension in adult male offspring that is ameliorated following pre-weaning growth hormone treatment. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 10:459-468. [PMID: 31347485 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An adverse early life environment is associated with increased cardiovascular disease in offspring. Work in animal models has shown that maternal undernutrition (UN) during pregnancy leads to hypertension in adult offspring, with effects thought to be mediated in part via altered renal function. We have previously shown that growth hormone (GH) treatment of UN offspring during the pre-weaning period can prevent the later development of cardiometabolic disorders. However, the mechanistic basis for these observations is not well defined. The present study examined the impact of GH treatment on renal inflammatory markers in adult male offspring as a potential mediator of these reversal effects. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a chow diet fed ad libitum (CON) or at 50% of CON intake (UN) during pregnancy. All dams were fed the chow diet ad libitum during lactation. CON and UN pups received saline (CON-S/UN-S) or GH (2.5 µg/g/day; CON-GH/UN-GH) from postnatal day 3 until weaning (p21). Post-weaning males were fed a standard chow diet for the remainder of the study (150 days). Histological analysis was performed to examine renal morphological characteristics, and gene expression of inflammatory and vascular markers were assessed. There was evidence of renal hypotrophy and reduced nephron number in the UN-S group. Tumour necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), intercellular adhesion molecular-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 gene expression was increased in UN-S offspring and normalized in the UN-GH group. These findings indicate that pre-weaning GH treatment has the potential to normalize some of the adverse renal and cardiovascular sequelae that arise as a consequence of poor maternal nutrition.
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10
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Anand PK. Lipids, inflammasomes, metabolism, and disease. Immunol Rev 2020; 297:108-122. [PMID: 32562313 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes that regulate the cleavage of cysteine protease caspase-1, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and induction of inflammatory cell death, pyroptosis. Several members of the nod-like receptor family assemble inflammasome in response to specific ligands. An exception to this is the NLRP3 inflammasome which is activated by structurally diverse entities. Recent studies have suggested that NLRP3 might be a sensor of cellular homeostasis, and any perturbation in distinct metabolic pathways results in the activation of this inflammasome. Lipid metabolism is exceedingly important in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and it is recognized that cells and tissues undergo extensive lipid remodeling during activation and disease. Some lipids are involved in instigating chronic inflammatory diseases, and new studies have highlighted critical upstream roles for lipids, particularly cholesterol, in regulating inflammasome activation implying key functions for inflammasomes in diseases with defective lipid metabolism. The focus of this review is to highlight how lipids regulate inflammasome activation and how this leads to the progression of inflammatory diseases. The key roles of cholesterol metabolism in the activation of inflammasomes have been comprehensively discussed. Besides, the roles of oxysterols, fatty acids, phospholipids, and lipid second messengers are also summarized in the context of inflammasomes. The overriding theme is that lipid metabolism has numerous but complex functions in inflammasome activation. A detailed understanding of this area will help us develop therapeutic interventions for diseases where dysregulated lipid metabolism is the underlying cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras K Anand
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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11
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Baskaran XR, Vigila AVG, Rajan K, Zhang S, Liao W. Free Radical Scavenging and Some Pharmaceutical Utilities of Nanoparticles in the Recent Scenario. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2677-2693. [PMID: 31333102 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716110330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanopharmaceuticals have rapidly emerged as a means to cure several diseases. There are numerous reports describing the development and application of nanopharmaceuticals. Here, we discussed nanoparticle synthesis and the mechanisms to scavenge free radicals. We also discuss their major properties and list several commercially available nanomedicines. RESULTS Reactive oxygen and hydrogen species are formed during normal metabolism, and excessive reactive species can damage proteins, lipids, and DNA and cause disease. Plant- and microbe-based nanoparticles, which can protect tissues from free radical damage, have recently gained research momentum because they are inexpensive and safe. CONCLUSION Synthetic and biocompatible nanoparticles exhibit antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, which can be used to treat several diseases. Further studies are needed to investigate their sizes, dose-dependent activities, and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier-Ravi Baskaran
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510 275, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518 004, China
| | - Antony-Varuvel G Vigila
- Department of Zoology, St. Xavier's College, Palayamkottai 627 002, Tamil Nadu, India.,Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kilimas Rajan
- Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli 620 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shouzhou Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518 004, China
| | - Wenbo Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510 275, China
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12
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Han S, Chen Y, Wang J, Zhang Q, Han B, Ge Y, Xiang Y, Liang R, Zhu X, You Y, Liao F. Anti-thrombosis Effects and Mechanisms by Xueshuantong Capsule Under Different Flow Conditions. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:35. [PMID: 30792653 PMCID: PMC6374556 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Xueshuantong capsule (XST) is a patented traditional Chinese medicine used for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis. The molecular mechanism of anti-thrombotic effect of XST was investigated through the cross-talk among the platelets/leukocytes, endothelial cells (ECs), and flow shear stress. The Bioflux 1000 system was used to generate two levels of shear stress conditions: 0.1 and 0.9 Pa. Bioflux Metamorph microscopic imaging system was used to analyze the adhesion cell numbers. Protein expressions were detected by western blotting and flow cytometry. The flow-cytometry results showed that under 0.1 Pa flow, XST decreased ADP induced platelets CD62p surface expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Under 0.9 Pa flow, XST at a concentration of 0.15 g⋅L-1 reduced the platelets activation by 29.5%, and aspirin (ASA) showed no inhibitory effects. XST showed similar efficiency on monocytes adhesion both under 0.1 and 0.9 Pa flow conditions, and the inhibition rate was 30.2 and 28.3%, respectively. Under 0.9 Pa flow, the anti-adhesive effects of XST might be associated with the suppression of VE-cadherin and Cx43 in HUVECs. Blood flow not only acts as a drug transporter, but also exerts its effects to influence the pharmacodynamics of XST. Effects of XST on inhibiting platelets activation and suppressing platelets/leukocytes adhesion to injured ECs are not only concentration-dependent, but also shear stress-dependent. The mechanic forces combined with traditional Chinese medicine may be used as a precise treatment for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Han
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Han
- Harbin Zhenbao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Harbin, China
| | - Yimeng Ge
- Harbin Zhenbao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Harbin, China
| | - Yanhua Xiang
- Harbin Zhenbao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Harbin, China
| | - Rixin Liang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun You
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fulong Liao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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García-Cuesta EM, Santiago CA, Vallejo-Díaz J, Juarranz Y, Rodríguez-Frade JM, Mellado M. The Role of the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 Axis in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:585. [PMID: 31507535 PMCID: PMC6718456 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. These receptors are intimately involved in cell movement, and thus play a critical role in several physiological and pathological situations that require the precise regulation of cell positioning. CXCR4 is one of the most studied chemokine receptors and is involved in many functions beyond leukocyte recruitment. During embryogenesis, it plays essential roles in vascular development, hematopoiesis, cardiogenesis, and nervous system organization. It has been also implicated in tumor progression and autoimmune diseases and, together with CD4, is one of the co-receptors used by the HIV-1 virus to infect immune cells. In contrast to other chemokine receptors that are characterized by ligand promiscuity, CXCR4 has a unique ligand-stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF1, CXCL12). However, this ligand also binds ACKR3, an atypical chemokine receptor that modulates CXCR4 functions and is overexpressed in multiple cancer types. The CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis constitutes a potential therapeutic target for a wide variety of inflammatory diseases, not only by interfering with cell migration but also by modulating immune responses. Thus far, only one antagonist directed against the ligand-binding site of CXCR4, AMD3100, has demonstrated clinical relevance. Here, we review the role of this ligand and its receptors in different autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. García-Cuesta
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - César A. Santiago
- Macromolecular X-Ray Crystallography Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vallejo-Díaz
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yasmina Juarranz
- Department Cell Biology, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mario Mellado
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Mario Mellado
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14
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Assali M, Shawahna R, Dayyeh S, Shareef M, Alhimony IA. Dexamethasone-diclofenac loaded polylactide nanoparticles: Preparation, release and anti-inflammatory activity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 122:179-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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15
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Toldo S, Mauro AG, Cutter Z, Abbate A. Inflammasome, pyroptosis, and cytokines in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1553-H1568. [PMID: 30168729 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00158.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury induces a sterile inflammatory response, leading to further injury that contributes to the final infarct size. Locally released danger-associated molecular patterns lead to priming and triggering of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome and amplification of the inflammatory response and cell death by activation of caspase-1. We review strategies inhibiting priming, triggering, or caspase-1 activity or blockade of the inflammasome-related cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, focusing on the beneficial effects in experimental models of acute myocardial infarction in animals and the initial results of clinical translational research trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toldo
- VCU Pauley Heart Center , Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Johnson Center for Critical Care and Pulmonary Research , Richmond, Virginia.,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Adolfo G Mauro
- VCU Pauley Heart Center , Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Johnson Center for Critical Care and Pulmonary Research , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Zachary Cutter
- VCU Pauley Heart Center , Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Johnson Center for Critical Care and Pulmonary Research , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Antonio Abbate
- VCU Pauley Heart Center , Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Johnson Center for Critical Care and Pulmonary Research , Richmond, Virginia
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16
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Tajadura-Ortega V, Garg R, Allen R, Owczarek C, Bright MD, Kean S, Mohd-Noor A, Grigoriadis A, Elston TC, Hahn KM, Ridley AJ. An RNAi screen of Rho signalling networks identifies RhoH as a regulator of Rac1 in prostate cancer cell migration. BMC Biol 2018; 16:29. [PMID: 29510700 PMCID: PMC5840776 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell migration is essential for development and tissue repair, but it also contributes to disease. Rho GTPases regulate cell migration, but a comprehensive analysis of how each Rho signalling component affects migration has not been carried out. RESULTS Through an RNA interference screen, and using a prostate cancer cell line, we find that approximately 25% of Rho network components alter migration. Some genes enhance migration while others decrease basal and/or hepatocyte growth factor-stimulated migration. Surprisingly, we identify RhoH as a screen hit. RhoH expression is normally restricted to haematopoietic cells, but we find it is expressed in multiple epithelial cancer cell lines. High RhoH expression in samples from prostate cancer patients correlates with earlier relapse. RhoH depletion reduces cell speed and persistence and decreases migratory polarity. Rac1 activity normally localizes to the front of migrating cells at areas of dynamic membrane movement, but in RhoH-depleted cells active Rac1 is localised around the whole cell periphery and associated with membrane regions that are not extending or retracting. RhoH interacts with Rac1 and with several p21-activated kinases (PAKs), which are Rac effectors. Similar to RhoH depletion, PAK2 depletion increases cell spread area and reduces cell migration. In addition, RhoH depletion reduces lamellipodium extension induced by PAK2 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS We describe a novel role for RhoH in prostate cancer cell migration. We propose that RhoH promotes cell migration by coupling Rac1 activity and PAK2 to membrane protrusion. Our results also suggest that RhoH expression levels correlate with prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Tajadura-Ortega
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Ritu Garg
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Richard Allen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Present address: Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Claudia Owczarek
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Michael D Bright
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Present address: Institute for Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Samuel Kean
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Aisyah Mohd-Noor
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Anita Grigoriadis
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Timothy C Elston
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Klaus M Hahn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Anne J Ridley
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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17
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El Azreq MA, Kadiri M, Boisvert M, Pagé N, Tessier PA, Aoudjit F. Discoidin domain receptor 1 promotes Th17 cell migration by activating the RhoA/ROCK/MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44975-44990. [PMID: 27391444 PMCID: PMC5216699 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effector T cell migration through the tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important step of the adaptive immune response and in the development of inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms involved in this process are still poorly understood. In this study, we addressed the role of a collagen receptor, the discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), in the migration of Th17 cells. We showed that the vast majority of human Th17 cells express DDR1 and that silencing DDR1 or using the blocking recombinant receptor DDR1:Fc significantly reduced their motility and invasion in three-dimensional (3D) collagen. DDR1 promoted Th17 migration by activating RhoA/ROCK and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. Interestingly, the RhoA/ROCK signaling module was required for MAPK/ERK activation. Finally, we showed that DDR1 is important for the recruitment of Th17 cells into the mouse dorsal air pouch containing the chemoattractant CCL20. Collectively, our results indicate that DDR1, via the activation of RhoA/ROCK/MAPK/ERK signaling axis, is a key pathway of effector T cell migration through collagen of perivascular tissues. As such, DDR1 can contribute to the development of Th17-dependent inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed-Amine El Azreq
- Axe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Maleck Kadiri
- Axe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Boisvert
- Axe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Pagé
- Axe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe A Tessier
- Axe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie-Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Fawzi Aoudjit
- Axe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie-Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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18
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Chen X, Zhang S, Cheng Z, Cooke JS, Werling D, Wathes DC, Pollott GE. Polymorphisms in the selectin gene cluster are associated with fertility and survival time in a population of Holstein Friesian cows. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175555. [PMID: 28419109 PMCID: PMC5395145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectins are adhesion molecules, which mediate attachment between leucocytes and endothelium. They aid extravasation of leucocytes from blood into inflamed tissue during the mammary gland’s response to infection. Selectins are also involved in attachment of the conceptus to the endometrium and subsequent placental development. Poor fertility and udder health are major causes for culling dairy cows. The three identified bovine selectin genes SELP, SELL and SELE are located in a gene cluster. SELP is the most polymorphic of these genes. Several SNP in SELP and SELE are associated with human vascular disease, while SELP SNP rs6127 has been associated with recurrent pregnancy loss in women. This study describes the results of a gene association study for SNP in SELP (n = 5), SELL (n = 2) and SELE (n = 1) with fertility, milk production and longevity traits in a population of 337 Holstein Friesian dairy cows. Blood samples for PCR-RFLP were collected at 6 months of age and animals were monitored until either culling or 2,340 days from birth. Three SNP in SELPEx4-6 formed a haplotype block containing a Glu/Ala substitution at rs42312260. This region was associated with poor fertility and reduced survival times. SELPEx8 (rs378218397) coded for a Val475Met variant locus in the linking region between consensus repeats 4 and 5, which may influence glycosylation. The synonymous SNP rs110045112 in SELEEx14 deviated from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. For both this SNP and rs378218397 there were too few AA homozygotes present in the population and AG heterozygotes had significantly worse fertility than GG homozygotes. Small changes in milk production associated with some SNP could not account for the reduced fertility and only SELPEx6 showed any association with somatic cell count. These results suggest that polymorphisms in SELP and SELE are associated with the likelihood of successful pregnancy, potentially through compromised implantation and placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Zhangrui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica S. Cooke
- Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Werling
- Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - D. Claire Wathes
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Geoffrey E. Pollott
- Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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19
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The role of chemokines in hypertension and consequent target organ damage. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:404-411. [PMID: 28279813 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells infiltrate the kidney, vasculature, and central nervous system during hypertension, consequently amplifying tissue damage and/or blood pressure elevation. Mononuclear cell motility depends partly on chemokines, which are small cytokines that guide cells through an increasing concentration gradient via ligation of their receptors. Tissue expression of several chemokines is elevated in clinical and experimental hypertension. Likewise, immune cells have enhanced chemokine receptor expression during hypertension, driving immune cell infiltration and inappropriate inflammation in cardiovascular control centers. T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages are pivotal mediators of hypertensive inflammation, and these cells migrate in response to several chemokines. As powerful drivers of diapedesis, the chemokines CCL2 and CCL5 have long been implicated in hypertension, but experimental data highlight divergent, context-specific effects of these chemokines on blood pressure and tissue injury. Several other chemokines, particularly those of the CXC family, contribute to blood pressure elevation and target organ damage. Given the significant interplay and chemotactic redundancy among chemokines during disease, future work must not only describe the actions of individual chemokines in hypertension, but also characterize how manipulating a single chemokine modulates the expression and/or function of other chemokines and their cognate receptors. This information will facilitate the design of precise chemotactic immunotherapies to limit cardiovascular and renal morbidity in hypertensive patients.
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20
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Marshall NC, Finlay BB, Overall CM. Sharpening Host Defenses during Infection: Proteases Cut to the Chase. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:S161-S171. [PMID: 28179412 PMCID: PMC5393396 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o116.066456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immune system consists of an intricate network of tightly controlled pathways, where proteases are essential instigators and executioners at multiple levels. Invading microbial pathogens also encode proteases that have evolved to manipulate and dysregulate host proteins, including host proteases during the course of disease. The identification of pathogen proteases as well as their substrates and mechanisms of action have empowered significant developments in therapeutics for infectious diseases. Yet for many pathogens, there remains a great deal to be discovered. Recently, proteomic techniques have been developed that can identify proteolytically processed proteins across the proteome. These “degradomics” approaches can identify human substrates of microbial proteases during infection in vivo and expose the molecular-level changes that occur in the human proteome during infection as an operational network to develop hypotheses for further research as well as new therapeutics. This Perspective Article reviews how proteases are utilized during infection by both the human host and invading bacterial pathogens, including archetypal virulence-associated microbial proteases, such as the Clostridia spp. botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins. We highlight the potential knowledge that degradomics studies of host–pathogen interactions would uncover, as well as how degradomics has been successfully applied in similar contexts, including use with a viral protease. We review how microbial proteases have been targeted in current therapeutic approaches and how microbial proteases have shaped and even contributed to human therapeutics beyond infectious disease. Finally, we discuss how, moving forward, degradomics research can greatly contribute to our understanding of how microbial pathogens cause disease in vivo and lead to the identification of novel substrates in vivo, and the development of improved therapeutics to counter these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Marshall
- From the ‡Department of Microbiology & Immunology.,§Michael Smith Laboratories
| | - B Brett Finlay
- From the ‡Department of Microbiology & Immunology.,§Michael Smith Laboratories.,¶Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
| | - Christopher M Overall
- ¶Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, .,**Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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21
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Song Y, Huang L, Yu J. Effects of blueberry anthocyanins on retinal oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes through Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 301:1-6. [PMID: 27847126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, which are abundant in blueberries, provide significant protection against many chronic diseases. We investigated the effects of blueberry anthocyanins (BA) on diabetes-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in rat retinas. Male rats were divided randomly into five groups. Intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 60mg/kg) was used to induce a rat diabetes model. BA at 20, 40, and 80mg/kg were given orally for about 12weeks. The results showed that BA could prevent diabetes-induced weight loss and increased blood glucose. BA also upregulated the antioxidant capacity of the retina, increased the content of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the serum of diabetes model rats were upregulated, and BA reversed these changes significantly. Furthermore, BA increased the mRNA levels of Nrf2 and HO-1, as well as the nuclear location of Nrf2 and protein levels of HO-1. These results suggested that BA can protect retinal cells from diabetes-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, and this may be regulated through Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, The first people's hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Lili Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The first people's hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The first people's hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, China
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22
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Jiménez-Suárez V, Nieto-Camacho A, Jiménez-Estrada M, Alvarado Sánchez B. Anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of Hamelia patens and its chemical constituents. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1822-1830. [PMID: 26731099 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1129544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Hamelia patens Jacq. (Rubiaceae) is traditionally used to treat wounds, inflammation and diabetes. However, there is still a lack of scientific evidence to support these applications. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Hamelia patens, and identify its bioactive compounds. Materials and methods Four extracts were obtained by maceration and liquid-liquid extraction: HEX, DCM-EtOAc, MeOH-EtOAc and MeOH-Aq. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated orally on rat paw carrageenan-induced oedema over 6 h (50, 200 and 500 mg/kg), and topically in mouse ear oedema induced by 12-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) after 4 h (0.5 and 1 mg/ear). We also evaluated myeloperoxidase levels in ear tissue, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging ability, and in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition. The chemical compounds were separated by column chromatography and identified by spectroscopic analysis. Results We found that the oral administration of the HEX extract at 500 and 200 mg/kg significantly decreased the carrageenan-induced inflammation after 1 and 3 h, respectively. The MeOH-EtOAc extract significantly inhibited myeloperoxidase activity (83.5%), followed by the DCM-EtOAc extract (76%), β-sitosterol/stigmasterol (72.7%) and the HEX extract (55%), which significantly decreased oedema induced by TPA at both doses, giving a similar effect to indomethacin. We also found that the MeOH-EtOAc, MeOH-Aq and DCM-EtOAc extracts showed good DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 values of 18.6, 93.9 and 158.2 μg/mL, respectively). The HEX extract showed the lowest α-glucosidase inhibition (an IC50 value of 26.07 μg/mL), followed by the MeOH-EtOAc extract (an IC50 value of 30.18 μg/mL), β-sitosterol/stigmasterol (IC50 34.6 μg/mL) and compound A ((6E,10E,14E,18E)-2,6,10,14,18,23-hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene, an IC50 value of 114.6 μg/mL), which were isolated for the first time from Hamelia patens. Discussion and conclusion Hamelia patens possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, which support its traditional use. These effects can be attributed to the identified compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Jiménez-Suárez
- a Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí , S.L.P , México
| | - Antonio Nieto-Camacho
- b Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México D.F. , México
| | | | - Brenda Alvarado Sánchez
- a Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí , S.L.P , México
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23
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MicroRNA-126 contributes to Niaspan treatment induced vascular restoration after diabetic retinopathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26909. [PMID: 27225425 PMCID: PMC4880890 DOI: 10.1038/srep26909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes and a major cause of blindness in the developing world. Early diabetic retinopathy is characterized by a loss of pericytes and vascular endothelial cells, a breakdown of the blood–retinal barrier, vascular dysfunction and vascular-neuroinflammation. However, optimal treatment options and related mechanisms are still unclear. MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) plays a potential role in the pathogenesis in DR, which may regulate VEGF, Ang-1 and VCAM-1 expressions. This study investigated the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Niaspan treatment of DR in diabetes (DM) rats. DM rats exhibits significantly decreased miR-126 and tight junction Claudin-5/Occludin/ZO-1 genes expression, and increased Blood retinal-barrier (BRB) breakdown, retinal apoptosis and VEGF/VEGFR, as well as VCAM-1/CD45 expressions in the retina compared to normal control group. Niaspan treatment significantly improved clinical and histopathological outcomes; decreased the expressions of VEGF/VEGFR, VCAM-1/CD45, apoptosis and BRB breakdown, significantly increased tight junction proteins and Ang-1/Tie-2 expressions, as well as increased retinal miR-126 expression compared to non-treatment diabetic rats. These data are the first to show that Niaspan treatment ameliorates DR through its repair vascular and inhibits inflammatory effects, and also suggest that the miR-126 pathway may contribute to Niaspan treatment induced benefit effects.
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Oxidative Stress: An Effective Prognostic Tool for an Early Detection of Cardiovascular Disease in Menopausal Women. Biochem Res Int 2016; 2016:6157605. [PMID: 27069688 PMCID: PMC4812210 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6157605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Menopause, a form of reproductive aging, is marked by many hormonal variations which cause imbalance in the oxidative processes resulting in onset of endothelial dysfunction leading to cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to analyze the effect of oxidative stress in an early detection of CVD in all menopausal women both normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic. Methods and Results. Study included 523 menopausal women (265 CVD and 258 non-CVD). They were screened for lipid profile, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), serum LDL carbonyl protein, and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD). Pearson's correlation was observed between MDA and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in both normolipidemic (r = 0.650; p < 0.001) and hyperlipidemic (r = 0.207; p < 0.01) CVD group as compared to non-CVD menopausal women. Significant correlation was also observed between LDL carbonyl content and AIP in normolipidemic (r = 0.650; p < 0.001) and hyperlipidemic (r = 0.248; p < 0.01) CVD menopausal women as compared to non-CVD ones. Conclusion. Strong correlation between atherogenic index of plasma and oxidative stress in CVD menopausal women reveals oxidative stress as an effective prognostic tool for an early detection of cardiovascular risk.
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Alterations in adhesion molecules, pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell-derived microparticles contribute to intima-media thickness and symptoms in postmenopausal women. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120990. [PMID: 25993480 PMCID: PMC4438064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause, the cessation of menses, occurs with estrogens decline, low-grade inflammation, and impaired endothelial function, contributing to atherosclerotic risk. Intima-media thickness (IMT) is an early subclinical biomarker of atherosclerosis. Inflammation may have a role on symptoms: hot flashes, anxiety, and depressive mood, which also are related to endothelial dysfunction, increased IMT and cardiovascular risk. In this study we compared several inflammatory markers in early vs. late postmenopausal women and studied the association of IMT and symptoms with these markers in the full sample. In a cross-sectional design including 60 women (53.1 ± 4.4 years old) at early and late postmenopause, we evaluated the expression of CD62L, ICAM-1, PSGL-1, CD11b, CD11c, and IL-8R on PBMC by flow cytometry. Serum soluble ICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sCD62E, sCD62P, CXCL8, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were quantified by ELISA. Plasma levels of microparticles (MPs) were determined by FACS. Finally, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured by ultrasound. We observed that ICAM-1 expression by lymphocytes and serum sVCAM-1 levels were augmented at late postmenopause. Late postmenopause women with severe hot flashes had increased expression of CD62L and IL-8R on neutrophils. By multivariate analysis, the carotid IMT was strongly associated with membrane-bound TNF-α, CD11b expression, Annexin V(+) CD3(+) MPs, LPS-induced NO production, HDL-cholesterol and age. Depressive mood was associated negatively with PSGL-1 and positively with LPS-induced NO. Finally, Log(AMH) levels were associated with carotid IMT, IL-8R expression and time since menopause. IMT and depressive mood were the main clinical features related to vascular inflammation. Aging, hormonal changes and obesity were also related to endothelial dysfunction. These findings provide further evidence for a link between estrogen deficiency and low-grade inflammation in endothelial impairment in mature women.
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26
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Viñuela-Berni V, Doníz-Padilla L, Figueroa-Vega N, Portillo-Salazar H, Abud-Mendoza C, Baranda L, González-Amaro R. Proportions of several types of plasma and urine microparticles are increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with active disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:442-51. [PMID: 25639560 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We analysed the proportions of different microparticles (MPs) in plasma from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and assessed their relationship with disease activity/therapy and their in-vitro effect on proinflammatory cytokine release. Blood and urine samples were obtained from 55 patients with RA (24 untreated and 31 under conventional therapy) and 20 healthy subjects. Fourteen patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were also studied. The proportions of CD3(+) , CD14(+) , CD19(+) , CD41(+) and CD62E(+) MPs were determined by flow cytometry analysis. The in-vitro effect of plasma MPs on the release of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-17 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α was also analysed. We detected that the proportions of different types of annexin-V(+) MPs were enhanced in plasma (CD3(+) , CD14(+) , CD19(+) , CD41(+) and CD62E(+) MPs) and urine (CD14(+) , CD3(+) and CD19(+) MPs) from RA patients with high disease activity (DAS28 index > 5·1). Accordingly, a significant positive correlation was observed between the levels of MPs and DAS28 score, and these levels diminished significantly at week 4 of immunosuppressive therapy. Finally, MPs isolated from patients with high disease activity induced, in vitro, an enhanced release of IL-1, IL-17 and TNF-α. In SLE, enhanced levels of different types of plasma MPs were also detected, with a tight correlation with disease activity. Our data further support that MPs have a relevant role in the pathogenesis of RA and suggest that the analysis of the proportions of these microvesicles in plasma could be useful to monitor disease activity and therapy response in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Viñuela-Berni
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - L Doníz-Padilla
- Laboratory of Immunology, School of Medicine, UAMZH-UASLP, Cd. Valles, SLP, México
| | - N Figueroa-Vega
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - H Portillo-Salazar
- Laboratory of Immunology, School of Medicine, UAMZH-UASLP, Cd. Valles, SLP, México
| | - C Abud-Mendoza
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.,Unit of Rheumatology and Osteoporosis, Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital Central, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - L Baranda
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.,Unit of Rheumatology and Osteoporosis, Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital Central, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - R González-Amaro
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.,Laboratory of Immunology, School of Medicine, UAMZH-UASLP, Cd. Valles, SLP, México
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Díaz-González F, Sánchez-Madrid F. NSAIDs: learning new tricks from old drugs. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:679-86. [PMID: 25523026 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of pharmacological agents used for the symptomatic treatment of fever, pain, and inflammation. Although the main mechanism of action of NSAIDs consists of inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis by blocking the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), clinical, and experimental data strongly indicate the existence of additional mechanisms. Some of the COX-independent effects are related to the ability of NSAIDs to penetrate biological membranes and disrupt important molecular interactions necessary for a wide array of cellular functions, including cell adhesion. These effects, in particular those that interfere with L-selectin function in neutrophils during the inflammatory response, may contribute to the anti-inflammatory properties that NSAIDs exert in vivo. Recent contributions in this field have shown that the anti-L-selectin effect of NSAIDs is related to the NADPH-oxidase-dependent generation of superoxide anion at the plasma membrane. These findings might represent a novel approach for developing new and effective anti-inflammatory compounds with a better safety profile than the currently available NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Díaz-González
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, Rheumatology Service, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Cortés JR, Sánchez-Díaz R, Bovolenta ER, Barreiro O, Lasarte S, Matesanz-Marín A, Toribio ML, Sánchez-Madrid F, Martín P. Maintenance of immune tolerance by Foxp3+ regulatory T cells requires CD69 expression. J Autoimmun 2014; 55:51-62. [PMID: 24934597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells are key players in the maintenance of immune tolerance and autoimmunity, the lack of specific markers constitute an obstacle to their use for immunotherapy protocols. In this study, we have investigated the role of the C-type lectin receptor CD69 in the suppressor function of Tregs and maintenance of immune tolerance towards harmless inhaled antigens. We identified a novel FoxP3(+)CD69(+) Treg subset capable to maintain immune tolerance and protect to developing inflammation. Although CD69(+) and CD69(-)FoxP3(+) Tregs exist in homeostasis, only CD69-expressing Tregs express high levels of CTLA-4, ICOS, CD38 and GITR suppression-associated markers, secrete high amounts of TGFβ and have potent suppressor activity. This activity is regulated by STAT5 and ERK signaling pathways and is impaired by antibody-mediated down-regulation of CD69 expression. Moreover, immunotherapy with FoxP3(+)CD69(+) Tregs restores the homeostasis in Cd69(-/-) mice, that fail to induce tolerance, and is also highly proficient in the prevention of inflammation. The identification of the FoxP3(+)CD69(+) Treg subset paves the way toward the development of new therapeutic strategies to control immune homeostasis and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Cortés
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, 28029 Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Díaz
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, 28029 Spain
| | - Elena R Bovolenta
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, 28029 Spain
| | - Olga Barreiro
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, 28029 Spain
| | - Sandra Lasarte
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, 28029 Spain
| | - Adela Matesanz-Marín
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, 28029 Spain
| | - María L Toribio
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, 28029 Spain.,Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28006 Spain
| | - Pilar Martín
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, 28029 Spain
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Abstract
Integrin-mediated adhesion used by Drosophila blood cells to migrate in vivo. SCAR/WAVE is required for lamellipodia but also for clearance of apoptotic cells. The formins Fhos and Diaphanous regulate Drosophila macrophage migration and morphology. Calcium waves drive hydrogen peroxide production to regulate inflammatory migrations. The steroid hormone Ecdysone controls the onset of immune competence.
Drosophila melanogaster contains a population of blood cells called hemocytes that represent the functional equivalent of vertebrate macrophages. These cells undergo directed migrations to disperse during development and reach sites of tissue damage or altered self. These chemotactic behaviors are controlled by the expression of PDGF/Vegf-related ligands in developing embryos and local production of hydrogen peroxide at wounds. Recent work reveals that many molecules important in vertebrate cell motility, including integrins, formins, Ena/VASP proteins and the SCAR/WAVE complex, have a conserved function in these innate immune cells. The use of this model organism has elucidated how damage signals are activated by calcium signaling during inflammation and that the steroid hormone ecdysone activates immune competence at key developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwan Robert Evans
- Department of Infection and Immunity, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Will Wood
- Faculty of Medical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
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30
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Angiostatin inhibits activation and migration of neutrophils. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 355:375-96. [PMID: 24297047 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a critical need to identify molecules that modulate the biology of neutrophils because activated neutrophils, though necessary for host defense, cause exuberant tissue damage through production of reactive oxygen species and increased lifespan. Angiostatin, an endogenous anti-angiogenic cleavage product of plasminogen, binds to integrin αvβ3, ATP synthase and angiomotin and its expression is increased in inflammatory conditions. We test the hypothesis that angiostatin inhibits neutrophil activation, induces apoptosis and blocks recruitment in vivo and in vitro. The data show immuno-reactivity for plasminogen/angiostatin in resting neutrophils. Angiostatin conjugated to FITC revealed that angiostatin was endocytozed by activated mouse and human neutrophils in a lipid raft-dependent fashion. Co-immunoprecipitation of human neutrophil lysates, confocal microscopy of isolated mouse and human neutrophils and functional blocking experiments showed that angiostatin complexes with flotillin-1 along with integrin αvβ3 and ATP synthase. Angiostatin inhibited fMLP-induced neutrophil polarization, as well as caused inhibition of hsp-27 phosphorylation and stabilization of microtubules. Angiostatin treatment, before or after LPS-induced neutrophil activation, inhibited phosphorylation of p38 and p44/42 MAPKs, abolished reactive oxygen species production and released the neutrophils from suppressed apoptosis, as indicated by expression of activated caspase-3 and morphological evidence of apoptosis. Finally, intravital microscopy and myeloperoxidase assay showed inhibition of neutrophil recruitment in post-capillary venules of TNFα-treated cremaster muscle in mouse. These in vitro and in vivo data demonstrate angiostatin as a broad deactivator and silencer of neutrophils and an inhibitor of their migration. These data potentially open new avenues for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Chen D, Fang F, Yang Y, Chen J, Xu G, Xu Y, Gao Y. Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1) epigenetically regulates CAM activation during hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 100:363-73. [PMID: 24042015 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Establishment of an inflammatory milieu following elevated leukocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium, which is mediated by transcriptional activation of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH). The epigenetic switch that dictates CAM transactivation in response to hypoxia in endothelial cells leading up to HPH is not fully appreciated. METHODS AND RESULTS We report here that brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1) and brahma (Brm), two catalytic components of the mammalian chromatin remodelling complex, were induced in cultured endothelial cells challenged with hypoxia in vitro as well as in pulmonary arteries in an animal model of HPH. Over-expression of Brg1/Brm enhanced, while the depletion of Brg1/Brm attenuated, CAM transactivation and adhesion of leukocytes. Endothelial-specific deletion of Brg1/Brm ameliorated vascular inflammation and HPH in mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and re-ChIP assays revealed that hypoxia up-regulated the occupancies of Brg1 and Brm on CAM promoters in a nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) -dependent manner. Finally, Brg1 and Brm activated CAM transcription by altering the chromatin structure surrounding the CAM promoters. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that Brg1 provides the crucial epigenetic link to hypoxia-induced CAM induction and leukocyte adhesion that engenders endothelial malfunction and pathogenesis of HPH. As such, targeting Brg1 in endothelial cells may yield promising strategies in the intervention and/or prevention of HPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Physiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Chongqing 400038, China
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Martinelli R, Newton G, Carman CV, Greenwood J, Luscinskas FW. Novel role of CD47 in rat microvascular endothelium: signaling and regulation of T-cell transendothelial migration. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2566-76. [PMID: 23990210 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although endothelial CD47, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, has been implicated in leukocyte diapedesis, its capacity for intracellular signaling and physical localization during this process has not been addressed in detail. This study examined endothelial CD47 spatiotemporal behavior and signaling pathways involved in regulating T-cell transendothelial migration. APPROACH AND RESULTS By biochemical methods, transmigration assays, and live-cell microscopy techniques, we show that endothelial CD47 engagement results in intracellular calcium mobilization, increased permeability, and activation of Src and AKT1/phosphoinositide 3-kinase in brain microvascular endothelial cells. These signaling pathways converge to induce cytoskeleton remodeling and vascular endothelial cadherin phosphorylation, which are necessary steps during T-cell transendothelial migration. In addition, during T-cell migration, transmigratory cups and podo-prints enriched in CD47 appear on the surface of the endothelium, indicating that the spatial distribution of CD47 changes after its engagement. Consistent with previous findings of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, blockade of CD47 results in decreased T-cell transmigration across microvascular endothelium. The overlapping effect of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and CD47 suggests their involvement in different steps of the diapedesis process. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal a novel role for CD47-mediated signaling in the control of the molecular network governing endothelial-dependent T-cell diapedesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Martinelli
- From the Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.M., G.N., F.W.L.); Department of Medicine, Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.M., C.V.C.); and Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, UCL, London, United Kingdom (R.M., J.G.)
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Rochette L, Ghibu S, Richard C, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. Direct and indirect antioxidant properties of α-lipoic acid and therapeutic potential. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:114-25. [PMID: 23293044 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes has emerged as a major threat to worldwide health. The exact mechanisms underlying the disease are unknown; however, there is growing evidence that the excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with hyperglycemia, causes oxidative stress in a variety of tissues. In this context, various natural compounds with pleiotropic actions like α-lipoic acid (LA) are of interest, especially in metabolic diseases such as diabetes. LA, either as a dietary supplement or a therapeutic agent, modulates redox potential because of its ability to match the redox status between different subcellular compartments as well as extracellularly. Both the oxidized (disulfide) and reduced (di-thiol: dihydro-lipoic acid, DHLA) forms of LA show antioxidant properties. LA exerts antioxidant effects in biological systems through ROS quenching but also via an action on transition metal chelation. Dietary supplementation with LA has been successfully employed in a variety of in vivo models of disease associated with an imbalance of redox status: diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The complex and intimate association between increased oxidative stress and increased inflammation in related disorders such as diabetes, makes it difficult to establish the temporal sequence of the relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- INSERM UMR866, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Xu Y. Transcriptional regulation of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis: an epigenetic perspective. J Biomed Res 2013; 28:47-52. [PMID: 24474963 PMCID: PMC3904174 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.27.20130055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive human pathology that encompasses several stages of development. Endothelial dysfunction represents an early sign of lesion within the vasculature. A number of risk factors for atherosclerosis, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension, target the vascular endothelium by re-programming its transcriptome. These profound alterations taking place on the chromatin rely on the interplay between sequence specific transcription factors and the epigenetic machinery. The epigenetic machinery, in turn, tailor individual transcription events key to atherogenesis to intrinsic and extrinsic insults dictating the development of atherosclerotic lesions. This review summarizes our current understanding of the involvement of the epigenetic machinery in endothelial injury during atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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35
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Chen YC, Tien YJ, Chen CH, Beltran FN, Amor EC, Wang RJ, Wu DJ, Mettling C, Lin YL, Yang WC. Morus alba and active compound oxyresveratrol exert anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of leukocyte migration involving MEK/ERK signaling. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:45. [PMID: 23433072 PMCID: PMC3639811 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morus alba has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory diseases; however, the scientific basis for such usage and the mechanism of action are not well understood. This study investigated the action of M. alba on leukocyte migration, one key step in inflammation. METHODS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and cluster analyses of supercritical CO2 extracts of three Morus species were performed for chemotaxonomy-aided plant authentication. Phytochemistry and CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis assays were used to characterize the chemical and biological properties of M. alba and its active compound, oxyresveratrol. fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and Western blot analyses were conducted to determine the mode of action of oxyresveratrol. RESULTS Chemotaxonomy was used to help authenticate M. alba. Chemotaxis-based isolation identified oxyresveratrol as an active component in M. alba. Phytochemical and chemotaxis assays showed that the crude extract, ethyl acetate fraction and oxyresveratrol from M. alba suppressed cell migration of Jurkat T cells in response to SDF-1. Mechanistic study indicated that oxyresveratrol diminished CXCR4-mediated T-cell migration via inhibition of the MEK/ERK signaling cascade. CONCLUSIONS A combination of GC-MS and cluster analysis techniques are applicable for authentication of the Morus species. Anti-inflammatory benefits of M. alba and its active compound, oxyresveratrol, may involve the inhibition of CXCR-4-mediated chemotaxis and MEK/ERK pathway in T and other immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11501, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Jing Tien
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Houh Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Francesca N Beltran
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Evangeline C Amor
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Ran-Juh Wang
- Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Den-Jen Wu
- Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Clément Mettling
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (CNRS UPR-1142), Montpellier, France
| | - Yea-Lih Lin
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (CNRS UPR-1142), Montpellier, France
| | - Wen-Chin Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11501, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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36
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Rankin SM. Chemokines and adult bone marrow stem cells. Immunol Lett 2012; 145:47-54. [PMID: 22698183 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The adult bone contains a number of distinct populations of stem cells, including haematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells and fibrocytes. While haematopoietic stem cells are required to provide a lifelong supply of blood cells it is thought that the other populations of stem cells play a role in tissue regeneration and potentially disease. The chemokine CXCL12 is produced constitutively in the bone marrow and, acting via CXCR4, is critical in maintaining HSPCs in a quiescent state and retaining all subsets of stem and progenitor cells in the bone marrow environment. The cytokine G-CSF, used clinically to mobilize haematopoietic stem cells for bone marrow transplants, activates the sympathetic nervous system and bone marrow macrophages to reduce the expression of CXCL12 by bone marrow stromal cells, thereby promoting the exit of haematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying G-CSF stimulated mobilization has led to development of CXCR4 antagonists as fast acting mobilizing agents for haematopoietic stem cells. Evidence now suggests that CXCR4 antagonists can similarly mobilize distinct subsets of progenitor cells, namely the endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells, but this requires conditioning of the bone marrow with VEGF rather than G-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Rankin
- Leukocyte Biology Section, NHLI Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
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Corriden R, Insel PA. New insights regarding the regulation of chemotaxis by nucleotides, adenosine, and their receptors. Purinergic Signal 2012; 8:587-98. [PMID: 22528684 PMCID: PMC3360098 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-012-9311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The directional movement of cells can be regulated by ATP, certain other nucleotides (e.g., ADP, UTP), and adenosine. Such regulation occurs for cells that are "professional phagocytes" (e.g., neutrophils, macrophages, certain lymphocytes, and microglia) and that undergo directional migration and subsequent phagocytosis. Numerous other cell types (e.g., fibroblasts, endothelial cells, neurons, and keratinocytes) also change motility and migration in response to ATP, other nucleotides, and adenosine. In this article, we review how nucleotides and adenosine modulate chemotaxis and motility and highlight the importance of nucleotide- and adenosine-regulated cell migration in several cell types: neutrophils, microglia, endothelial cells, and cancer cells. We also discuss difficulties in conducting experiments and drawing conclusions regarding the ability of nucleotides and adenosine to modulate the migration of professional and non-professional phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Corriden
- Institute of Cell Signalling, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul A. Insel
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail code 0636, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
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Poller W, Rother M, Skurk C, Scheibenbogen C. Endogenous migration modulators as parent compounds for the development of novel cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory drugs. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:2044-58. [PMID: 22035209 PMCID: PMC3413843 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of novel cell migration modulators for anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular therapy is a complex task since any modulator will necessarily interfere with a balanced system of physiological regulators directing proper positioning of diverse immune cell types within the body. Whereas this shall serve efficient pathogen elimination, lack of proper control over these processes may result in counterproductive chronic inflammation and progressive tissue injury instead of healing. Prediction of the therapeutic potential or side effects of any migration modulator is not possible based on theoretical considerations alone but needs to be experimentally evaluated in preclinical disease models and by clinical studies. Here, we briefly summarize basic mechanism of cell migration, and groups of synthetic drugs currently in use for migration modulation. We then discuss one fundamental problem encountered with single-target approaches that arises from the complexity of any inflammation, with multiple interacting and often redundant factors being involved. This issue is likely to arise for any class of therapeutic agent (small molecules, peptides, antibodies, regulatory RNAs) addressing a single gene or protein. Against this background of studies on synthetic migration modulators addressing single targets, we then discuss the potential of endogenous proteins as therapeutic migration modulators, or as parent compounds for the development of mimetic drugs. Regulatory proteins of this type commonly address multiple receptors and signalling pathways and act upon the immune response in a phase-specific manner. Based on recent evidence, we suggest investigation of such endogenous migration modulators as novel starting points for anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Poller
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Campus Benjamin Franklin CBF, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Kanterman J, Sade-Feldman M, Baniyash M. New insights into chronic inflammation-induced immunosuppression. Semin Cancer Biol 2012; 22:307-18. [PMID: 22387003 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a common factor linking various pathologies that differ in their etiology and physiology such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infections. At a certain stage of each of these diseases, while the chronic inflammation proceeds, some key players of the immune system become immunosuppressed as natural killer (NK) cells and T cells. The suppressive environment induced during chronic inflammation is governed by a complex processes characterized by the accumulation and activation of immune suppressor cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth and angiogenic factors, and by the activation of several inflammatory signaling pathways mediated predominantly by NFκB and STAT3 transcription factors. A substantial body of evidence supports the notion that the development of a suppressive environment during chronic inflammation limits the success of immune-based and conventional therapies, skewing the balance in favor of a developing pathology. Thus, appropriate, well-designed and fine tuned immune interventions that could resolve inflammatory responses and associated immunosuppression could enhance disease regression and reinforce successful responses to a given therapy. This review describes the interrelationship between chronic inflammation and induced immunosuppression, and explains the current evidence linking inflammation and pathological processes, as found in cancer. We further highlight potential strategies, harnessing the immunosuppressive environment in treating autoimmune diseases and facilitating transplantation. In parallel, we emphasize the use of modalities to combat chronic inflammation-induced immunosuppression in cancer, to enhance the success of immune-based therapies leading to tumor regression. In both cases, the urgent necessity of identifying biomarkers for the evaluation of host immune status is discussed, with the goal of developing optimal personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kanterman
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Catenarin Prevents Type 1 Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic Mice via Inhibition of Leukocyte Migration Involving the MEK6/p38 and MEK7/JNK Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:982396. [PMID: 22454693 PMCID: PMC3291164 DOI: 10.1155/2012/982396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to leukocyte migration, termed insulitis, and β-cell loss in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Naturally occurring anthraquinones are claimed as anti-inflammatory compounds; however, their actions are not clear. This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of catenarin on the inflammatory disease, T1D. Catenarin and/or its anthraquinone analogs dose-dependently suppressed C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)- and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5)-implicated chemotaxis in leukocytes. Catenarin, the most potent anthraquinone tested in the study, prevented T1D in nonobese diabetic mice. Mechanistic study showed that catenarin did not act on the expression of CCR5 and CXCR4. On the contrary, catenarin inhibited CCR5- and CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis via the reduction of the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 and JNK) and their upstream kinases (MKK6 and MKK7), and calcium mobilization. Overall, the data demonstrate the preventive effect and molecular mechanism of action of catenarin on T1D, suggesting its novel use as a prophylactic agent in T1D.
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Kolluru GK, Bir SC, Kevil CG. Endothelial dysfunction and diabetes: effects on angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and wound healing. Int J Vasc Med 2012; 2012:918267. [PMID: 22611498 PMCID: PMC3348526 DOI: 10.1155/2012/918267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by inappropriate hyperglycemia due to lack of or resistance to insulin. Patients with DM are frequently afflicted with ischemic vascular disease or wound healing defect. It is well known that type 2 DM causes amplification of the atherosclerotic process, endothelial cell dysfunction, glycosylation of extracellular matrix proteins, and vascular denervation. These complications ultimately lead to impairment of neovascularization and diabetic wound healing. Therapeutic angiogenesis remains an attractive treatment modality for chronic ischemic disorders including PAD and/or diabetic wound healing. Many experimental studies have identified better approaches for diabetic cardiovascular complications, however, successful clinical translation has been limited possibly due to the narrow therapeutic targets of these agents or the lack of rigorous evaluation of pathology and therapeutic mechanisms in experimental models of disease. This paper discusses the current body of evidence identifying endothelial dysfunction and impaired angiogenesis during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher G. Kevil
- Department of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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Cell adhesion, inflammation and therapy: old ideas and a significant step forward. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:1431-2. [PMID: 22036864 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Gomita K, Sato K, Yoshida M, Hagiwara N. PSGL-1-expressing CD4 T cells induce endothelial cell apoptosis in perimenopausal women. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011; 19:227-36. [PMID: 22104177 DOI: 10.5551/jat.9399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Menopause and subsequent estrogen deficiency correlate with the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases in women. However, the relationship between estrogen deficiency and development of atherosclerosis with inflammatory infiltrates is not fully understood. We sought to determine whether perimenopausal women (PMW) exhibited T cell dysfunction related to the expression of adhesion molecules and accelerated endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis. METHODS Fresh CD4 T cells were isolated from 48 PMW and 54 healthy control women with regular menstrual cycles (CW), and investigated cytotoxicity to ECs by apoptosis assay. The adhesion molecules on CD4 T cells were examined by flow cytometry. CD4 T cell rolling and adhesion on ECs were analyzed by adhesion assay under laminar flow. RESULTS CD4 T cells from PMW with low estradiol levels induced significant EC apoptosis (P = 0.0152). Furthermore, cytotoxic CD4 T cells from PMW strongly expressed P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and integrin β2 (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0285, respectively) but not L-selectin or integrin αM when compared to CD4 T cells from CW. Estradiol levels negatively correlated with only PSGL-1 expression (R = -0.781, P = 0.0002), and estradiol treatments inhibited both PSGL-1 expression (P = 0.0133) and T cell-induced EC apoptosis (P = 0.018). An estrogen receptor antagonist inhibited these effects of estradiol (P = 0.0355 and P = 0.0097, respectively). Moreover, PSGL-1 expression correlated with T cell adhesion to ECs under laminar flow conditions (R = 0.636, P = 0.0355) and with EC apoptosis (R = 0.614, P = 0.0196). PSGL-1 specific antibodies effectively suppressed T cell adhesion (P = 0.0057) and EC apoptosis (P = 0.001) indicating that CD4 T cell-mediated EC apoptosis depended on PSGL-1 adhesion in PMW. CONCLUSIONS PSGL-1-expressing cytotoxic CD4 T cells are abundant in PMW with low estradiol levels may contribute to T cell-mediated atherosclerotic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Gomita
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
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Zhang W, Liu H, Al-Shabrawey M, Caldwell RW, Caldwell RB. Inflammation and diabetic retinal microvascular complications. J Cardiovasc Dis Res 2011; 2:96-103. [PMID: 21814413 PMCID: PMC3144626 DOI: 10.4103/0975-3583.83035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and is a leading cause of blindness in people of the working age in Western countries. A major pathology of DR is microvascular complications such as non-perfused vessels, microaneurysms, dot/blot hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, venous beading, vascular loops, vascular leakage and neovascularization. Multiple mechanisms are involved in these alternations. This review will focus on the role of inflammation in diabetic retinal microvascular complications and discuss the potential therapies by targeting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhang
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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45
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Shen MY, Liu YJ, Don MJ, Liu HY, Chen ZW, Mettling C, Corbeau P, Chiang CK, Jang YS, Li TH, Young P, Chang CLT, Lin YL, Yang WC. Combined phytochemistry and chemotaxis assays for identification and mechanistic analysis of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals in Fallopia japonica. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27480. [PMID: 22087325 PMCID: PMC3210798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants provide a rich source of lead compounds for a variety of diseases. A novel approach combining phytochemistry and chemotaxis assays was developed and used to identify and study the mechanisms of action of the active compounds in F. japonica, a medicinal herb traditionally used to treat inflammation. Based on a bioactivity-guided purification strategy, two anthranoids, emodin and physcion, were identified from F. japonica. Spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize its crude extract, fractions and phytochemicals. The crude extract, chloroform fraction, and anthranoids of F. japonica significantly inhibited CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis. Mechanistic studies showed that emodin and physcion inhibited chemotaxis via inactivating the MEK/ERK pathway. Moreover, the crude extract and emodin could prevent or treat type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. This study illustrates the applicability of a combinational approach for the study of anti-inflammatory medicine and shows the potential of F. japonica and its anthranoids for anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Shen
- Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jaw Don
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yueh Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zeng-Weng Chen
- Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Clément Mettling
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (CNRS UPR-1142), Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Corbeau
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (CNRS UPR-1142), Montpellier, France
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Buddist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Song Jang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Paul Young
- Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cicero L. T. Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CLTC); (YLL); (WCY)
| | - Yea-Lih Lin
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (CNRS UPR-1142), Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (CLTC); (YLL); (WCY)
| | - Wen-Chin Yang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CLTC); (YLL); (WCY)
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Dutra RC, Claudino RF, Bento AF, Marcon R, Schmidt ÉC, Bouzon ZL, Pianowski LF, Calixto JB. Preventive and therapeutic euphol treatment attenuates experimental colitis in mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27122. [PMID: 22073270 PMCID: PMC3206917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tetracyclic triterpene euphol is the main constituent found in the sap of Euphorbia tirucalli. This plant is widely known in Brazilian traditional medicine for its use in the treatment of several kinds of cancer, including leukaemia, prostate and breast cancers. Here, we investigated the effect of euphol on experimental models of colitis and the underlying mechanisms involved in its action. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Colitis was induced in mice either with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), and the effect of euphol (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg) on colonic injury was assessed. Pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines were measured by immunohistochemistry, enzyme-Linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry. Preventive and therapeutic oral administration of euphol attenuated both DSS- and TNBS-induced acute colitis as observed by a significant reduction of the disease activity index (DAI), histological/microscopic damage score and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in colonic tissue. Likewise, euphol treatment also inhibited colon tissue levels and expression of IL-1β, CXCL1/KC, MCP-1, MIP-2, TNF-α and IL-6, while reducing NOS2, VEGF and Ki67 expression in colonic tissue. This action seems to be likely associated with inhibition of activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In addition, euphol decreased LPS-induced MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ, but increased IL-10 secretion from bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro. Of note, euphol, at the same schedule of treatment, markedly inhibited both selectin (P- and E-selectin) and integrin (ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and LFA-1) expression in colonic tissue. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Together, these results clearly demonstrated that orally-administered euphol, both preventive or therapeutic treatment were effective in reducing the severity of colitis in two models of chemically-induced mouse colitis and suggest this plant-derived compound might be a potential molecule in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C. Dutra
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rafaela F. Claudino
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Allisson F. Bento
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Marcon
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Éder C. Schmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Zenilda L. Bouzon
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - João B. Calixto
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Chetoui N, El azreq MA, Boisvert M, Bergeron MÈ, Aoudjit F. Discoidin domain receptor 1 expression in activated T cells is regulated by the ERK MAP kinase signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:3666-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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In vivo hydroquinone exposure alters circulating neutrophil activities and impairs LPS-induced lung inflammation in mice. Toxicology 2011; 288:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang W, Liu H, Rojas M, Caldwell RW, Caldwell RB. Anti-inflammatory therapy for diabetic retinopathy. Immunotherapy 2011; 3:609-28. [PMID: 21554091 DOI: 10.2217/imt.11.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes. This devastating disease is a leading cause of blindness in people of working age in industrialized countries and affects the daily lives of millions of people. Despite tight glycemic control, blood pressure control and lipid-lowering therapy, the number of DR patients keeps growing and therapeutic approaches are limited. Moreover, there are significant limitations and side effects associated with the current therapies. Thus, there is a great need for development of new strategies for prevention and treatment of DR. Studies have shown that DR has prominent features of chronic, subclinical inflammation. This article focuses on the role of inflammation in DR and summarizes the progress of studies of anti-inflammatory strategies for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhang
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912-2500, USA.
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"Self-assisted" amoeboid navigation in complex environments. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21955. [PMID: 21829602 PMCID: PMC3150345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Living cells of many types need to move in response to external stimuli in order to accomplish their functional tasks; these tasks range from wound healing to immune response to fertilization. While the directional motion is typically dictated by an external signal, the actual motility is also restricted by physical constraints, such as the presence of other cells and the extracellular matrix. The ability to successfully navigate in the presence of obstacles is not only essential for organisms, but might prove relevant in the study of autonomous robotic motion. Methodology/Principal Findings We study a computational model of amoeboid chemotactic navigation under differing conditions, from motion in an obstacle-free environment to navigation between obstacles and finally to moving in a maze. We use the maze as a simple stand-in for a motion task with severe constraints, as might be expected in dense extracellular matrix. Whereas agents using simple chemotaxis can successfully navigate around small obstacles, the presence of large barriers can often lead to agent trapping. We further show that employing a simple memory mechanism, namely secretion of a repulsive chemical by the agent, helps the agent escape from such trapping. Conclusions/Significance Our main conclusion is that cells employing simple chemotactic strategies will often be unable to navigate through maze-like geometries, but a simple chemical marker mechanism (which we refer to as “self-assistance”) significantly improves success rates. This realization provides important insights into mechanisms that might be employed by real cells migrating in complex environments as well as clues for the design of robotic navigation strategies. The results can be extended to more complicated multi-cellular systems and can be used in the study of mammalian cell migration and cancer metastasis.
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