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Dash M, Mahajan B, Dar GM, Sahu P, Saluja SS. An update on the cell-free DNA-derived methylome as a non-invasive biomarker for coronary artery disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 169:106555. [PMID: 38428633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the foremost contributor to global mortality, presenting a complex etiology and an expanding array of risk factors. Coronary artery disease characterized by atherosclerotic plaque build-up in the coronary arteries, imposes significant mortality and financial burdens, especially in low- and middle-income nations. The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease involves a multifaceted interplay of genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. Epigenetic regulation contributes to the dynamic control of gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. The mounting evidence that highlights the pivotal role of epigenetic regulation in coronary artery disease development and progression, offering potential avenues for the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Abnormal DNA methylation patterns are linked to the modulation of gene expression involved in crucial processes like lipid metabolism, inflammation, and vascular function in the context of coronary artery disease. Cell-free DNA has become invaluable in tumor biology as a liquid biopsy, while its applications in coronary artery disease are limited, but intriguing. Atherosclerotic plaque rupture causes myocardial infarction, by depriving heart muscles of oxygen, releasing cell-free DNA from dead cardiac cells, and providing a minimally invasive source to explore tissue-specific epigenetic alterations. We discussed the methodologies for studying the global methylome and hydroxy-methylome landscape, their advantages, and limitations. It explores methylome alterations in coronary artery disease, considering risk factors and their relevance in coronary artery disease genesis. The review also details the implications of MI-derived cell-free DNA for developing minimally invasive biomarkers and associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoswini Dash
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; School of Medicine, Center for Aging, Tulane University, LA, United States
| | - Bhawna Mahajan
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India.
| | - Ghulam Mehdi Dar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Parameswar Sahu
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; Department of GI Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
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Suszyńska-Zajczyk J, Witucki Ł, Perła-Kaján J, Jakubowski H. Diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia causes sex-dependent deficiencies in offspring musculature and brain function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1322844. [PMID: 38559811 PMCID: PMC10979824 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1322844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), characterized by elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels, is a known risk factor for cardiovascular, renal, and neurological diseases, as well as pregnancy complications. Our study aimed to investigate whether HHcy induced by a high-methionine (high-Met) diet exacerbates cognitive and behavioral deficits in offspring and leads to other breeding problems. Dietary HHcy was induced four weeks before mating and continued throughout gestation and post-delivery. A battery of behavioral tests was conducted on offspring between postnatal days (PNDs) 5 and 30 to assess motor function/activity and cognition. The results were correlated with brain morphometric measurements and quantitative analysis of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/autophagy markers. The high-Met diet significantly increased parental and offspring urinary tHcy levels and influenced offspring behavior in a sex-dependent manner. Female offspring exhibited impaired cognition, potentially related to morphometric changes observed exclusively in HHcy females. Male HHcy pups demonstrated muscle weakness, evidenced by slower surface righting, reduced hind limb suspension (HLS) hanging time, weaker grip strength, and decreased activity in the beaker test. Western blot analyses indicated the downregulation of autophagy and the upregulation of mTOR activity in HHcy cortexes. HHcy also led to breeding impairments, including reduced breeding rate, in-utero fetal death, lower pups' body weight, and increased mortality, likely attributed to placental dysfunction associated with HHcy. In conclusion, a high-Met diet impairs memory and cognition in female juveniles and weakens muscle strength in male pups. These effects may stem from abnormal placental function affecting early neurogenesis, the dysregulation of autophagy-related pathways in the cortex, or epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation triggered by HHcy during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Suszyńska-Zajczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Witucki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Perła-Kaján
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hieronim Jakubowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, Newark, NJ, United States
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Wu KJ, Chen Q, Leung CH, Sun N, Gao F, Chen Z. Recent discoveries of the role of histone modifications and related inhibitors in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103878. [PMID: 38211819 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a common response of the heart to various pathological stimuli. In recent years, various histone modifications, including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination, have been identified to have crucial roles in regulating chromatin remodeling and cardiac hypertrophy. Novel drugs targeting these epigenetic changes have emerged as potential treatments for pathological cardiac hypertrophy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the roles of histone modifications in regulating the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, and discuss potential therapeutic targets that could be utilized for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jia Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214082, PR China
| | - Qi Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214082, PR China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau; Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau; MoE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau.
| | - Ning Sun
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214082, PR China.
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xin-Quan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China.
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Zhu M, An D, Zhang J, Tang X, Wang Y, Zhu D. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation and its relationship with serum homocysteine levels in patients with hypertension. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1626-1633. [PMID: 37466420 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and elevated plasma Hcy levels could aggravate vascular injury in hypertension. Hyperhomocysteinemia can change the methylation status of global DNA and specific genes. In the present study, we aim to examine the comprehensive influence of Hcy levels on DNA methylation status in patients with hypertension. METHODS Epigenome-wide methylation profiles of the peripheral leukocyte DNA of 218 patients with hypertension were analyzed using the Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip. Differentially methylated positions (DMPs) associated with serum Hcy levels were identified by mixed linear regression with the adjustment of potential confounders. Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were conducted to determine the potential functions of the identified DMPs. The association between the methylation level of DMPs and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (Cf-PWV) was also analyzed. RESULTS Five DMPs at cg13169662, cg03179312, cg21976560, cg25262698, and cg09433843 showed significant association with serum Hcy levels (false discovery rate-corrected P < 0.05). An additional six CpG sites met the threshold for suggestive significance ( P < 1 × 10 -6 ), among which three DMPs (cg25781123, cg26463106, and cg06679221) were annotated to THUMPD3 . Furthermore, the methylation levels of cg13169662 and cg25262698 (RPRD1A) were significantly associated with Cf-PWV. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Hcy could induce DNA methylation alteration in patients with hypertension. Further functional research is warranted to elucidate the concrete role of DMPs in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Center for Hypertension Management and Prevention in Community, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang Z, Li X, He J, Wang S, Wang J, Liu J, Wang Y. Molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in coronary microcirculation dysfunction. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2023; 56:388-397. [PMID: 37466848 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-023-02862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) react to changes in coronary blood flow and myocardial metabolites and regulate coronary blood flow by balancing vasoconstrictors-such as endothelin-1-and the vessel dilators prostaglandin, nitric oxide, and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizing factor. Coronary microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction is caused by several cardiovascular risk factors and chronic rheumatic diseases that impact CMEC blood flow regulation, resulting in coronary microcirculation dysfunction (CMD). The mechanisms of CMEC dysfunction are not fully understood. However, the following could be important mechanisms: the overexpression and activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox), and mineralocorticoid receptors; the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by a decreased expression of sirtuins (SIRT3/SIRT1); forkhead box O3; and a decreased SKCA/IKCA expression in the endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizing factor electrical signal pathway. In addition, p66Shc is an adapter protein that promotes oxidative stress; although there are no studies on its involvement with cardiac microvessels, it is possible it plays an important role in CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 of Xinmin Street, Changchun, 13000, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Jiahuan He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 of Xinmin Street, Changchun, 13000, China
| | - Shipeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 of Xinmin Street, Changchun, 13000, China
| | - Jingyue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 of Xinmin Street, Changchun, 13000, China
| | - Junqian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 of Xinmin Street, Changchun, 13000, China
| | - Yushi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 of Xinmin Street, Changchun, 13000, China.
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Yu H, Wang BB, Zhao M, Feng F, Li HD. Homocysteine levels in patients with coronary slow flow phenomenon: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288036. [PMID: 37418362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development of coronary angiography, more and more attention has been paid to coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP). Recent studies have found that the correlation between homocysteine (Hcy) levels and CSFP was contradictory, so we conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the correlation. METHODS By March 2022, studies that meet the research requirements were identified by searching multiple databases including Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed. We included studies evaluating the correlation between Hcy levels and CSFP. Random or fixed effect meta-analyses were performed according to heterogeneity among included studies. A leave-out method and subgroup analyses were conducted to determine the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS Thirteen studies involving 625 CSFP and 550 subjects were included. After pooling data from each study, Hcy levels were higher in the CSFP groups (standard mean difference [SMD], 1.45; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.96, P < .00001) than in the control group. In the meta-analysis, there was significant heterogeneity (I2 = 93%), which was further explored through leave-out method and and subgroup analyses. Specifically, pooling data from studies with a mean thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count ≥ 46 (SMD, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.63, P < .00001) resulted in no heterogeneity (0%), indicating that the TIMI frame count ≥ 46 was the source of heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Our study found that elevated Hcy levels are strongly associated with CSFP. More importantly, the association was stronger in CSFP patients with mean TIMI frame count ≥ 46.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Bei-Bei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Jinzhong, Jinzhong, 030699, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Institute of Physical Education, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Hua-Dong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan,430022, China
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Sum H, Brewer AC. Epigenetic modifications as therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis: a focus on DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1183181. [PMID: 37304954 PMCID: PMC10248074 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1183181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant progress in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been made in the past decade, yet it remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, claiming an estimated 17.9 million deaths per year. Although encompassing any condition that affects the circulatory system, including thrombotic blockage, stenosis, aneurysms, blood clots and arteriosclerosis (general hardening of the arteries), the most prevalent underlying hallmark of CVD is atherosclerosis; the plaque-associated arterial thickening. Further, distinct CVD conditions have overlapping dysregulated molecular and cellular characteristics which underlie their development and progression, suggesting some common aetiology. The identification of heritable genetic mutations associated with the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease (AVD), in particular resulting from Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) studies has significantly improved the ability to identify individuals at risk. However, it is increasingly recognised that environmentally-acquired, epigenetic changes are key factors associated with atherosclerosis development. Increasing evidence suggests that these epigenetic changes, most notably DNA methylation and the misexpression of non-coding, microRNAs (miRNAs) are potentially both predictive and causal in AVD development. This, together with their reversible nature, makes them both useful biomarkers for disease and attractive therapeutic targets potentially to reverse AVD progression. We consider here the association of aberrant DNA methylation and dysregulated miRNA expression with the aetiology and progression of atherosclerosis, and the potential development of novel cell-based strategies to target these epigenetic changes therapeutically.
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P. Simões D, Moreira Perez M, Aguiar Alves BDC, Araújo Encinas JF, Santos Raimundo JR, Costas Arcia CG, Lopes Mathia V, Sacchi Mendonça MI, Mesiano Maifrino LB, Murad N, Affonso Fonseca FL, Luciano da Veiga G. A Cross-Sectional Study of p66Shc Gene Expression in Liquid Biopsy of Diabetic Patients. Is it Possible to Predict the Onset of Renal Disease? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL STUDENTS 2023. [DOI: 10.5195/ijms.2022.1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a disorder affecting glomerular function that, histologically, is due to the presence of glomerulosclerosis accompanied with endothelial dysfunction of the afferent and efferent renal arterioles. Insulin resistance in diabetic patients is known to be one of the causes of endothelial dysfunction because it increases oxidative stress, and one of the main genes regulating the production pathways of reactive oxygen species is p66Shc. The aim of this study was to evaluate the p66Shc gene expression as a precocious biomarker of renal dysfunction in diabetic patients, using liquids samples of urine sediment and peripheral blood.
Methods: 29 diabetic patients and 37 healthy donors were recruited from the Centro Universitário FMABC outpatient clinic. The RT-gPCR technique was applied to evaluate p66Shc gene expression in urine and peripheral blood samples from diabetic patients, which were compared with healthy donors.
Results: There was no significant expression of p66Shc gene in samples from diabetic patients compared with healthy donors. However, p66Shc expression in the blood samples of diabetics (0.02417±0.078652-ΔCT, n=29) was 3.6 times higher than in healthy participants (0.00689±0.01758, n=37) while in the urine samples, it was 1.48 times higher in diabetics group (0.02761±0.05412-ΔCT) than in CTL group (0.0186±0.02199).
Conclusion: There was no significant p66Shc gene expression in peripheral blood and urine samples of diabetic patients without kidney injury compared with healthy donors, although there is a tendency for this gene to participate in the oxidative imbalance present in diabetes.
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9
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Milyutina YP, Arutjunyan AV, Shcherbitskaia AD, Zalozniaia IV. The Effect of Hyperhomocysteinemia on the Content of Neurotrophins in Brain Structures of Pregnant Rats. NEUROCHEM J+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712422030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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10
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Gorica E, Mohammed SA, Ambrosini S, Calderone V, Costantino S, Paneni F. Epi-Drugs in Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:923014. [PMID: 35911511 PMCID: PMC9326055 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.923014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unveiling the secrets of genome’s flexibility does not only foster new research in the field, but also gives rise to the exploration and development of novel epigenetic-based therapies as an approach to alleviate disease phenotypes. A better understanding of chromatin biology (DNA/histone complexes) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has enabled the development of epigenetic drugs able to modulate transcriptional programs implicated in cardiovascular diseases. This particularly applies to heart failure, where epigenetic networks have shown to underpin several pathological features, such as left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and microvascular dysfunction. Targeting epigenetic signals might represent a promising approach, especially in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), where prognosis remains poor and breakthrough therapies have yet to be approved. In this setting, epigenetics can be employed for the development of customized therapeutic approaches thus paving the way for personalized medicine. Even though the beneficial effects of epi-drugs are gaining attention, the number of epigenetic compounds used in the clinical practice remains low suggesting that more selective epi-drugs are needed. From DNA-methylation changes to non-coding RNAs, we can establish brand-new regulations for drug targets with the aim of restoring healthy epigenomes and transcriptional programs in the failing heart. In the present review, we bring the timeline of epi-drug discovery and development, thus highlighting the emerging role of epigenetic therapies in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Era Gorica
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Shafeeq A Mohammed
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Samuele Ambrosini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Nakladal D, Lambooy SPH, Mišúth S, Čepcová D, Joschko CP, Buiten A, Goris M, Hoogstra‐Berends F, Kloosterhuis NJ, Huijkman N, Sluis B, Diercks GF, Buikema JH, Henning RH, Deelman LE. Homozygous whole body
Cbs
knockout in adult mice features minimal pathology during ageing despite severe homocysteinemia. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22260. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101550r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Nakladal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - S. P. H. Lambooy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - S. Mišúth
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Comenius University in Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia
| | - D. Čepcová
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Comenius University in Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia
| | - C. P. Joschko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - A. Buiten
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - M. Goris
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - F. Hoogstra‐Berends
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - N. J. Kloosterhuis
- Department of Pediatrics University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - N. Huijkman
- iPSC/CRISPR Center Groningen University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - B. Sluis
- Department of Pediatrics University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- iPSC/CRISPR Center Groningen University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - G. F. Diercks
- Department of Dermatology Center for Blistering Diseases University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - J. H. Buikema
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - R. H. Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - L. E. Deelman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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Rosas-Rodríguez JA, Valenzuela-Soto EM. The glycine betaine role in neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal diseases: Insights into disease and dysfunction networks. Life Sci 2021; 285:119943. [PMID: 34516992 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycine betaine (N, N, N-trimethyl amine) is an osmolyte accumulated in cells that is key for cell volume and turgor regulation, is the principal methyl donor in the methionine cycle and is a DNA and proteins stabilizer. In humans, glycine betaine is synthesized from choline and can be obtained from some foods. Glycine betaine (GB) roles are illustrated in chemical, metabolic, agriculture, and clinical medical studies due to its chemical and physiological properties. Several studies have extensively described GB role and accumulation related to specific pathologies, focusing mainly on analyzing its positive and negative role in these pathologies. However, it is necessary to explain the relationship between glycine betaine and different pathologies concerning its role as an antioxidant, ability to methylate DNA, interact with transcription factors and cell receptors, and participate in the control of homocysteine concentration in liver, kidney and brain. This review summarizes the most important findings and integrates GB role in neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal diseases. Furthermore, we discuss GB impact on other dysfunctions as inflammation, oxidative stress, and glucose metabolism, to understand their cross-talks and provide reliable data to establish a base for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A Rosas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Unidad Regional Sur, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Elisa M Valenzuela-Soto
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico.
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13
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Lower p66Shc promoter methylation in subjects with chronic renal failure. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257176. [PMID: 34529688 PMCID: PMC8445414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the correlation between DNA methylation of p66Shc promoter and some markers of inflammatory and oxidative stress in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients compared with healthy subjects. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the nephrology department at Sidi Bouzid Regional Hospital (Tunisia). In total, 39 patients with CRF and 37 healthy subjects were included. Several biochemical parameters were measured. Furthermore, markers of the oxidative and inflammatory status (MDA, TAS, SOD, and CRP) were evaluated. The p66Shc methylation status was determined using the methylation-specific PCR. Results Our results showed that levels of blood glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid, ChT, TG, albuminuria, CRP and MDA were significantly elevated in CRF patients compared to controls. Furthermore, p66Shc promoter region was highly demethylated in CRF patients compared to healthy controls (84% vs 4%). Our data showed a positive correlation between p66Shc hypomethylation and levels of MDA (r = 0.93; p<0, 05) and CRP (r = 0.89; P <0, 05), as well as a significant negative correlation between p66Shc hypomethylation, TAS (r = -0.76; P <0, 05) and SOD (r = -0.77; p<0, 05) levels. Similarly, there was a positive correlation between p66Shc hypomethylation and the disease stages. Importantly, multiple regression analysis showed that p66shc DNA hypomethylation remains strongly correlated with MDA, CRP and stages of CRF. Conclusion This study indicates that the DNA hypomethylation of p66shc promoter was correlated with oxidative and inflammatory stress and the disease stages in CRF patients.
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Donia T, Khamis A. Management of oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular diseases: mechanisms and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:34121-34153. [PMID: 33963999 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have diverse physiopathological mechanisms with interconnected oxidative stress and inflammation as one of the common etiologies which result in the onset and development of atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we illustrate this strong crosstalk between oxidative stress, inflammation, and CVD. Also, mitochondrial functions underlying this crosstalk, and various approaches for the prevention of redox/inflammatory biological impacts will be illustrated. In part, we focus on the laboratory biomarkers and physiological tests for the evaluation of oxidative stress status and inflammatory processes. The impact of a healthy lifestyle on CVD onset and development is displayed as well. Furthermore, the differences in oxidative stress and inflammation are related to genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases and the variability in the assessment of CVDs risk between individuals; Omics technologies for measuring oxidative stress and inflammation will be explored. Finally, we display the oxidative stress-related microRNA and the functions of the redox basis of epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoria Donia
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Abeer Khamis
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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15
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Hamdani N, Costantino S, Mügge A, Lebeche D, Tschöpe C, Thum T, Paneni F. Leveraging clinical epigenetics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a call for individualized therapies. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:1940-1958. [PMID: 36282124 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Described as the 'single largest unmet need in cardiovascular medicine', heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains an untreatable disease currently representing 65% of new heart failure diagnoses. HFpEF is more frequent among women and associates with a poor prognosis and unsustainable healthcare costs. Moreover, the variability in HFpEF phenotypes amplifies complexity and difficulties in the approach. In this perspective, unveiling novel molecular targets is imperative. Epigenetic modifications-defined as changes of DNA, histones, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)-represent a molecular framework through which the environment modulates gene expression. Epigenetic signals acquired over the lifetime lead to chromatin remodelling and affect transcriptional programmes underlying oxidative stress, inflammation, dysmetabolism, and maladaptive left ventricular remodelling, all conditions predisposing to HFpEF. The strong involvement of epigenetic signalling in this setting makes the epigenetic information relevant for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in patients with HFpEF. The recent advances in high-throughput sequencing, computational epigenetics, and machine learning have enabled the identification of reliable epigenetic biomarkers in cardiovascular patients. Contrary to genetic tools, epigenetic biomarkers mirror the contribution of environmental cues and lifestyle changes and their reversible nature offers a promising opportunity to monitor disease states. The growing understanding of chromatin and ncRNAs biology has led to the development of several Food and Drug Administration approved 'epidrugs' (chromatin modifiers, mimics, anti-miRs) able to prevent transcriptional alterations underpinning left ventricular remodelling and HFpEF. In the present review, we discuss the importance of clinical epigenetics as a new tool to be employed for a personalized management of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazha Hamdani
- Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.,Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St-Josef Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.,Clinical Pharmacology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren CH-8952, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Mügge
- Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St-Josef Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Cardiovascular Research Institute, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Medicine, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren CH-8952, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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16
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Masi S, Ambrosini S, Mohammed SA, Sciarretta S, Lüscher TF, Paneni F, Costantino S. Epigenetic Remodeling in Obesity-Related Vascular Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1165-1199. [PMID: 32808539 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The prevalence of obesity and cardiometabolic phenotypes is alarmingly increasing across the globe and is associated with atherosclerotic vascular complications and high mortality. In spite of multifactorial interventions, vascular residual risk remains high in this patient population, suggesting the need for breakthrough therapies. The mechanisms underpinning obesity-related vascular disease remain elusive and represent an intense area of investigation. Recent Advances: Epigenetic modifications-defined as environmentally induced chemical changes of DNA and histones that do not affect DNA sequence-are emerging as a potent modulator of gene transcription in the vasculature and might significantly contribute to the development of obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction. DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications cooperate to build complex epigenetic signals, altering transcriptional networks that are implicated in redox homeostasis, mitochondrial function, vascular inflammation, and perivascular fat homeostasis in patients with cardiometabolic disturbances. Critical Issues: Deciphering the epigenetic landscape in the vasculature is extremely challenging due to the complexity of epigenetic signals and their function in regulating transcription. An overview of the most important epigenetic pathways is required to identify potential molecular targets to treat or prevent obesity-related endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic disease. This would enable the employment of precision medicine approaches in this setting. Future Directions: Current and future research efforts in this field entail a better definition of the vascular epigenome in obese patients as well as the unveiling of novel, cell-specific chromatin-modifying drugs that are able to erase specific epigenetic signals that are responsible for maladaptive transcriptional alterations and vascular dysfunction in obese patients. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1165-1199.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Masi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Samuele Ambrosini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shafeeq A Mohammed
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Heart Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital Trust, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Khan A, Paneni F, Jandeleit-Dahm K. Cell-specific epigenetic changes in atherosclerosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1165-1187. [PMID: 33988232 PMCID: PMC8314213 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disease of large and medium arteries that can lead to life-threatening cerebrovascular and cardiovascular consequences such as heart failure and stroke and is a major contributor to cardiovascular-related mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis development is a complex process that involves specific structural, functional and transcriptional changes in different vascular cell populations at different stages of the disease. The application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis has discovered not only disease-related cell-specific transcriptomic profiles but also novel subpopulations of cells once thought as homogenous cell populations. Vascular cells undergo specific transcriptional changes during the entire course of the disease. Epigenetics is the instruction-set-architecture in living cells that defines and maintains the cellular identity by regulating the cellular transcriptome. Although different cells contain the same genetic material, they have different epigenomic signatures. The epigenome is plastic, dynamic and highly responsive to environmental stimuli. Modifications to the epigenome are driven by an array of epigenetic enzymes generally referred to as writers, erasers and readers that define cellular fate and destiny. The reversibility of these modifications raises hope for finding novel therapeutic targets for modifiable pathological conditions including atherosclerosis where the involvement of epigenetics is increasingly appreciated. This article provides a critical review of the up-to-date research in the field of epigenetics mainly focusing on in vivo settings in the context of the cellular role of individual vascular cell types in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Cardiovascular Epigenetics and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin A.M. Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
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18
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Ambrosini S, Mohammed SA, Costantino S, Paneni F. Disentangling the epigenetic landscape in cardiovascular patients: a path toward personalized medicine. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2020; 69:331-345. [PMID: 32996305 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.20.05326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in our understanding of cardiovascular disease (CVD) we are still far from having developed breakthrough strategies to combat coronary atherosclerosis and heart failure, which account for most of CV deaths worldwide. Available cardiovascular therapies have failed to show to be equally effective in all patients, suggesting that inter-individual diversity is an important factor when it comes to conceive and deliver effective personalized treatments. Genome mapping has proved useful in identifying patients who could benefit more from specific drugs depending on genetic variances; however, our genetic make-up determines only a limited part of an individual's risk profile. Recent studies have demonstrated that epigenetic changes - defined as dynamic changes of DNA and histones which do not affect DNA sequence - are key players in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and may participate to delineate cardiovascular risk trajectories over the lifetime. Epigenetic modifications include changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs and these epigenetic signals have shown to cooperate in modulating chromatin accessibility to transcription factors and gene expression. Environmental factors such as air pollution, smoking, psychosocial context, and unhealthy diet regimens have shown to significantly modify the epigenome thus leading to altered transcriptional programs and CVD phenotypes. Therefore, the integration of genetic and epigenetic information might be invaluable to build individual maps of cardiovascular risk and hence, could be employed for the design of customized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In the present review, we discuss the growing importance of epigenetic information and its putative implications in cardiovascular precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Ambrosini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shafeeq A Mohammed
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland - .,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Probing the epigenetic signatures in subjects with coronary artery disease. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6693-6703. [PMID: 32803503 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05723-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Depletion of S-adenosyl methionine and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate; and elevation of total plasma homocysteine were documented in CAD patients, which might modulate the gene-specific methylation status and alter their expression. In this study, we have aimed to delineate CAD-specific epigenetic signatures by investigating the methylation and expression of 11 candidate genes i.e. ABCG1, LIPC, PLTP, IL-6, TNF-α, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, F2RL3, FGF2, P66 and TGFBR3. The methylation-specific PCR and qRT-PCR were used to assess the methylation status and the expression of candidate genes, respectively. CAD patients showed the upregulation of IL-6, TNF-α, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, F2RL3, FGF2, P66, and TGFBR3. Hypomethylation of CDKN2A loci was shown to increase risk for CAD by 1.79-folds (95% CI 1.22-2.63). Classification and regression tree (CART) model of gene expression showed increased risk for CAD with F2RL3 > 3.4-fold, while demonstrating risk reduction with F2RL3 < 3.4-fold and IL-6 < 7.7-folds. This CAD prediction model showed the excellent sensitivity (0.98, 95% CI 0.88-1.00), specificity (0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.92), positive predictive value (0.82, 95% CI 0.75-0.84), and negative predictive value (0.99, 95% CI 0.94-1.00) with an overall accuracy of 92.8% (95% CI 87.0-94.1%). Folate and B12 deficiencies were observed in CAD cases, which were shown to contribute to hypomethylation and upregulation of the prime candidate genes i.e. CDKN2A and F2RL3. Early onset diabetes was associated with IL-6 and TNF-α hypomethylation and upregulation of CDKN2A. The expression of F2RL3 and IL-6 (or) hypomethylation status at CDKN2A locus are potential biomarkers in CAD risk prediction. Early epigenetic imprints of CAD were observed in early onset diabetes. Folate and B12 deficiencies are the contributing factors to these changes in CAD-specific epigenetic signatures.
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20
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Herrmann W, Herrmann M. The Importance of Telomere Shortening for Atherosclerosis and Mortality. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7030029. [PMID: 32781553 PMCID: PMC7570376 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are the protective end caps of chromosomes and shorten with every cell division. Short telomeres are associated with older age and adverse lifestyle factors. Leucocyte telomere length (LTL) has been proposed as a biomarker of biological age. The shortening of LTL with age is the result of the end-replication problem, environmental, and lifestyle-related factors. Epidemiologic studies have shown that LTL predicts cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality, and death from vascular causes. Age appears to be an important co-variate that explains a substantial fraction of this effect. Although it has been proposed that short telomeres promote atherosclerosis and impair the repair of vascular lesions, existing results are inconsistent. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation can both accelerate telomere shortening. Multiple factors, including homocysteine (HCY), vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 modulate oxidative stress and inflammation through direct and indirect mechanisms. This review provides a compact overview of telomere physiology and the utility of LTL measurements in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. In addition, it summarizes existing knowledge regarding the impact of oxidative stress, inflammation, HCY, and B-vitamins on telomere function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Herrmann
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School of the Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany;
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +43-316-385-13145; Fax: +43-316-385-13430
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21
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New Mechanisms of Vascular Dysfunction in Cardiometabolic Patients: Focus on Epigenetics. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2020; 27:363-371. [PMID: 32740853 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-020-00400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic processing takes centre stage in cardiometabolic diseases (obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hypertension), where it participates in adiposity, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, vascular insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Epigenetic modifications, defined as heritable changes in gene expression that do not entail mutation in the DNA sequence, are mainly induced by environmental stimuli (stress, pollution, cigarette smoking) and are gaining considerable interest due to their causal role in cardiovascular disease, and their amenability to pharmacological intervention. Importantly, epigenetic modifications acquired during life can be transmitted to the offspring and exert their biological effects across multiple generations. Indeed, such transgenerational transmission of epigenetic signals may contribute to anticipating cardiovascular and metabolic disease phenotypes already in children and young adults. A deeper understanding of environmental factors and their effects on the epigenetic machinery and transcriptional programs is warranted to develop effective mechanism-based therapeutic strategies. The clinical application of epigenetic drugs-also known as "epi-drugs"-is currently exploding in the field of cardiovascular disease. The present review describes the main epigenetic networks underlying cardiometabolic alterations and sheds light on specific points of intervention for pharmacological reprogramming in this setting.
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22
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Deharo P, Marlinge M, Guiol C, Vairo D, Fromonot J, Mace P, Chefrour M, Gastaldi M, Bruzzese L, Gaubert M, Gaudry M, Kipson N, Criado C, Cuisset T, Paganelli F, Ruf J, Guieu R, Fenouillet E, Mottola G. Homocysteine concentration and adenosine A 2A receptor production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in coronary artery disease patients. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8942-8949. [PMID: 32599677 PMCID: PMC7417719 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). The mechanistic aspects of this relationship are unclear. In CAD patients, homocysteine (HCy) concentration correlates with plasma level of adenosine that controls the coronary circulation via the activation of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR). We addressed in CAD patients the relationship between HCy and A2AR production, and in cellulo the effect of HCy on A2AR function. 46 patients with CAD and 20 control healthy subjects were included. We evaluated A2AR production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells using Western blotting. We studied in cellulo (CEM human T cells) the effect of HCy on A2A R production as well as on basal and stimulated cAMP production following A2A R activation by an agonist‐like monoclonal antibody. HCy concentration was higher in CAD patients vs controls (median, range: 16.6 [7‐45] vs 8 [5‐12] µM, P < 0.001). A2A R production was lower in patients vs controls (1.1[0.62‐1.6] vs 1.53[0.7‐1.9] arbitrary units, P < 0.001). We observed a negative correlation between HCy concentration and A2A R production (r = −0.43; P < 0.0001), with decreased A2A R production above 25 µM HCy. In cellulo, HCy inhibited A2AR production, as well as basal and stimulated cAMP production. In conclusion, HCy is negatively associated with A2A R production in CAD patients, as well as with A2A R and cAMP production in cellulo. The decrease in A2A R production and function, which is known to hamper coronary blood flow and promote inflammation, may support CAD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Deharo
- C2VN, INSERM, INRA, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Marlinge
- C2VN, INSERM, INRA, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Clair Guiol
- C2VN, INSERM, INRA, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Donato Vairo
- C2VN, INSERM, INRA, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Fromonot
- C2VN, INSERM, INRA, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Mace
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Chefrour
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | - Laurie Bruzzese
- C2VN, INSERM, INRA, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Melanie Gaubert
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Nord, Marseille and C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Marine Gaudry
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Kipson
- C2VN, INSERM, INRA, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Thomas Cuisset
- Department of Cardiology, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Paganelli
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Nord, Marseille and C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Ruf
- C2VN, INSERM, INRA, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Regis Guieu
- C2VN, INSERM, INRA, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Fenouillet
- C2VN, INSERM, INRA, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,CNRS, Institut des Sciences Biologiques, Paris, France
| | - Giovanna Mottola
- C2VN, INSERM, INRA, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
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23
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Xiao Y, Xia J, Cheng J, Huang H, Zhou Y, Yang X, Su X, Ke Y, Ling W. Inhibition of S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase Induces Endothelial Dysfunction via Epigenetic Regulation of p66shc-Mediated Oxidative Stress Pathway. Circulation 2020; 139:2260-2277. [PMID: 30773021 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.036336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), the precursor of homocysteine, are positively associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease and with the development and progression of atherosclerosis. However, the role of SAH in endothelial dysfunction is unclear. METHODS Apolipoprotein E-deficient ( apoE-/-) mice received dietary supplementation with the SAH hydrolase (SAHH) inhibitor adenosine dialdehyde or were intravenously injected with a retrovirus expressing SAHH shRNA. These 2 approaches, along with the heterozygous SAHH gene knockout ( SAHH+/-) mouse model, were used to elevate plasma SAH levels and to examine the role of SAH in aortic endothelial dysfunction. The relationship between plasma SAH levels and endothelial dysfunction was also investigated in human patients with coronary artery disease and healthy control subjects. RESULTS Plasma SAH levels were increased in SAHH+/- mice and in apoE-/- mice after dietary administration of adenosine dialdehyde or intravenous injection with SAHH shRNA. SAHH+/- mice or apoE-/- mice with SAHH inhibition showed impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation and decreased nitric oxide bioavailability after treatment with acetylcholine; this was completely abolished by the administration of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. Furthermore, SAHH inhibition induced production of reactive oxygen species and p66shc expression in the mouse aorta and human aortic endothelial cells. Antioxidants and p66shc siRNA prevented SAHH inhibition-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and attenuated the impaired endothelial vasomotor responses in high-SAH mice. Moreover, inhibition of SAHH induced hypomethylation in the p66shc gene promoter and inhibited expression of DNA methyltransferase 1. Overexpression of DNA methyltransferase 1, induced by transduction of an adenovirus, was sufficient to abrogate SAHH inhibition-induced upregulation of p66shc expression. Finally, plasma SAH levels were inversely associated with flow-mediated dilation and hypomethylation of the p66shc gene promoter and positively associated with oxidative stress levels in patients with coronary artery disease and healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that inhibition of SAHH results in elevated plasma SAH levels and induces endothelial dysfunction via epigenetic upregulation of the p66shc-mediated oxidative stress pathway. Our study provides novel molecular insight into mechanisms of SAH-associated endothelial injury that may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT03345927.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjun Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology (Y.X., J.X., J.C., Y.Z., YK.), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Junjie Xia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology (Y.X., J.X., J.C., Y.Z., YK.), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology (Y.X., J.X., J.C., Y.Z., YK.), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen (H.H., X.Y.), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Yani Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology (Y.X., J.X., J.C., Y.Z., YK.), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen (H.H., X.Y.), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefen Su
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China (X.S.)
| | - Yuebin Ke
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology (Y.X., J.X., J.C., Y.Z., YK.), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (W.L.)
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24
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Mohammed SA, Ambrosini S, Lüscher T, Paneni F, Costantino S. Epigenetic Control of Mitochondrial Function in the Vasculature. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:28. [PMID: 32195271 PMCID: PMC7064473 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular signatures of epigenetic regulation and chromatin architecture are emerging as pivotal regulators of mitochondrial function. Recent studies unveiled a complex intersection among environmental factors, epigenetic signals, and mitochondrial metabolism, ultimately leading to alterations of vascular phenotype and increased cardiovascular risk. Changing environmental conditions over the lifetime induce covalent and post-translational chemical modification of the chromatin template which sensitize the genome to establish new transcriptional programs and, hence, diverse functional states. On the other hand, metabolic alterations occurring in mitochondria affect the availability of substrates for chromatin-modifying enzymes, thus leading to maladaptive epigenetic signatures altering chromatin accessibility and gene transcription. Indeed, several components of the epigenetic machinery require intermediates of cellular metabolism (ATP, AcCoA, NADH, α-ketoglutarate) for enzymatic function. In the present review, we describe the emerging role of epigenetic modifications as fine tuners of gene transcription in mitochondrial dysfunction and vascular disease. Specifically, the following aspects are described in detail: (i) mitochondria and vascular function, (ii) mitochondrial ROS, (iii) epigenetic regulation of mitochondrial function; (iv) the role of mitochondrial metabolites as key effectors for chromatin-modifying enzymes; (v) epigenetic therapies. Understanding epigenetic routes may pave the way for new approaches to develop personalized therapies to prevent mitochondrial insufficiency and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafeeq A Mohammed
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuele Ambrosini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Research, Education and Development, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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L-Cystathionine Protects against Homocysteine-Induced Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptosis of Vascular Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1253289. [PMID: 31885769 PMCID: PMC6899331 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1253289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The study was aimed at investigating the effects of L-cystathionine on vascular endothelial cell apoptosis and its mechanisms. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used in the study. Apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells was induced by homocysteine. Apoptosis, mitochondrial superoxide anion, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, and caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities were examined. Expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 was tested and BTSA1, a Bax agonist, and HUVEC Bax overexpression was used in the study. Results showed that homocysteine obviously induced the apoptosis of HUVECs, and this effect was significantly attenuated by the pretreatment with L-cystathionine. Furthermore, L-cystathionine decreased the production of mitochondrial superoxide anion and the expression of Bax and restrained its translocation to mitochondria, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, suppressed the leakage of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm, and downregulated activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3. However, BTSA1, a Bax agonist, or Bax overexpression successfully abolished the inhibitory effect of L-cystathionine on Hcy-induced MPTP opening, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation, and HUVEC apoptosis. Taken together, our results indicated that L-cystathionine could protect against homocysteine-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of HUVECs.
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26
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Suades R, Cosentino F. The environment, epigenetic landscape and cardiovascular risk. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:e147-e150. [PMID: 31230064 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Suades
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Zhao JH, He YY, Guo SS, Yan Y, Wang Z, Ye J, Zhang JL, Wang Y, Pang XB, Xie XM, Lin JH, Jing ZC, Han ZY. Circulating Plasma Metabolomic Profiles Differentiate Rodent Models of Pulmonary Hypertension and Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:1109-1117. [PMID: 31350549 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe progressive disease with systemic metabolic dysregulation. Monocrotaline (MCT)-induced and hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) rodent models are the most widely used preclinical models, however, whether or not these preclinical models recapitulate metabolomic profiles of PAH patients remain unclear. METHODS In this study, a targeted metabolomics panel of 126 small molecule metabolites was conducted. We applied it to the plasma of the 2 preclinical rodent models of PH and 30 idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients as well as 30 healthy controls to comparatively assess the metabolomic profiles of PAH patients and rodent models. RESULTS Significantly different metabolomics profiling and pathways were shown among the 2 classical rodent models and IPAH patients. Pathway analysis demonstrated that methionine metabolism and urea cycle metabolism were the most significant pathway involved in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced PH model and MCT-induced model, respectively, and both of them were also observed in the dysregulated pathways in IPAH patients. CONCLUSIONS These 2 models may develop PAH through different metabolomic pathways and each of the 2 classical PH model resembles IPAH patients in certain aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Han Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine and FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine and FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Shan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine and FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine and FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Ye
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine and FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Respiration, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Pang
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xin-Mei Xie
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Jian-Hui Lin
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Zhi-Cheng Jing
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine and FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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28
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Fang P, Li X, Shan H, Saredy JJ, Cueto R, Xia J, Jiang X, Yang XF, Wang H. Ly6C + Inflammatory Monocyte Differentiation Partially Mediates Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Vascular Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic db/db Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2097-2119. [PMID: 31366217 PMCID: PMC6761027 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is a potent risk factor for diabetic cardiovascular diseases. We have previously reported that hyperhomocysteinemia potentiates type 1 diabetes mellitus-induced inflammatory monocyte differentiation, vascular dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. However, the effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on vascular inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the underlying mechanism are unknown. Approach and Results: Here, we demonstrate that hyperhomocysteinemia was induced by a high methionine diet in control mice (homocysteine 129 µmol/L), which was further worsened in T2DM db/db mice (homocysteine 180 µmol/L) with aggravated insulin intolerance. Hyperhomocysteinemia potentiated T2DM-induced mononuclear cell, monocyte, inflammatory monocyte (CD11b+Ly6C+), and M1 macrophage differentiation in periphery and aorta, which were rescued by folic acid-based homocysteine-lowering therapy. Moreover, hyperhomocysteinemia exacerbated T2DM-impaired endothelial-dependent aortic relaxation to acetylcholine. Finally, transfusion of bone marrow cells depleted for Ly6C by Ly6c shRNA transduction improved insulin intolerance and endothelial-dependent aortic relaxation in hyperhomocysteinemia+T2DM mice. CONCLUSIONS Hyperhomocysteinemia potentiated systemic and vessel wall inflammation and vascular dysfunction partially via inflammatory monocyte subset induction in T2DM. Inflammatory monocyte may be a novel therapeutic target for insulin resistance, inflammation, and cardiovascular complications in hyperhomocysteinemia+T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Fang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Huimin Shan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jason J Saredy
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ramon Cueto
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jixiang Xia
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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29
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Miralles F, Collinot H, Boumerdassi Y, Ducat A, Duché A, Renault G, Marchiol C, Lagoutte I, Bertholle C, Andrieu M, Jacques S, Méhats C, Vaiman D. Long-term cardiovascular disorders in the STOX1 mouse model of preeclampsia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11918. [PMID: 31417152 PMCID: PMC6695383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse long-term cardiovascular (CV) consequences of PE are well established in women. However, the mechanism responsible for that risk remains unknown. Here, we mated wild-type female mice of the FVB/N strain to STOX1A-overexpressing mice to mimic severe PE and investigated the long-term consequences on the maternal cardiovascular system. Ultrasonography parameters were analyzed in mice before pregnancy and at 3 and 6 months post-pregnancy. At 6 months post-pregnancy, cardiac stress test induced by dobutamine injection revealed an abnormal ultrasonography Doppler profile in mice with previous PE. Eight months post-pregnancy, the heart, endothelial cells (ECs) and plasma of females were analyzed and compared to controls. The heart of mice with PE showed left-ventricular hypertrophy associated with altered histology (fibrosis). Transcriptomic analysis revealed the deregulation of 1149 genes in purified ECs and of 165 genes in the hearts, many being involved in heart hypertrophy. In ECs, the upregulated genes were associated with inflammation and cellular stress. Systems biology analysis identified interleukin 6 (IL-6) as a hub gene connecting these pathways. Plasma profiling of 33 cytokines showed that, 8 of them (Cxcl13, Cxcl16, Cxcl11, IL-16, IL-10, IL-2, IL-4 and Ccl1) allowed to discriminate mice with previous PE from controls. Thus, PE triggers female long-term CV consequences on the STOX1 mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Miralles
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM - UMR8104, CNRS - Université Paris Descartes, Team "From Gametes To Birth", 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Collinot
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM - UMR8104, CNRS - Université Paris Descartes, Team "From Gametes To Birth", 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Yasmine Boumerdassi
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM - UMR8104, CNRS - Université Paris Descartes, Team "From Gametes To Birth", 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Ducat
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM - UMR8104, CNRS - Université Paris Descartes, Team "From Gametes To Birth", 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Angéline Duché
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM - UMR8104, CNRS - Université Paris Descartes, Genom'IC Platform, Bâtiment Gustave Roussy, 27 rue du faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Renault
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM - UMR8104, CNRS - Université Paris Descartes, PIV Platform, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Marchiol
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM - UMR8104, CNRS - Université Paris Descartes, PIV Platform, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Lagoutte
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM - UMR8104, CNRS - Université Paris Descartes, PIV Platform, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Céline Bertholle
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM - UMR8104, CNRS - Université Paris Descartes, CYBIO Platform, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Andrieu
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM - UMR8104, CNRS - Université Paris Descartes, CYBIO Platform, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Jacques
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM - UMR8104, CNRS - Université Paris Descartes, Genom'IC Platform, Bâtiment Gustave Roussy, 27 rue du faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Céline Méhats
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM - UMR8104, CNRS - Université Paris Descartes, Team "From Gametes To Birth", 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM - UMR8104, CNRS - Université Paris Descartes, Team "From Gametes To Birth", 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014, Paris, France.
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Dysregulation of Epigenetic Mechanisms of Gene Expression in the Pathologies of Hyperhomocysteinemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133140. [PMID: 31252610 PMCID: PMC6651274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) exerts a wide range of biological effects and is associated with a number of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, dementia, neural tube defects, and cancer. Although mechanisms of HHcy toxicity are not fully uncovered, there has been a significant progress in their understanding. The picture emerging from the studies of homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism and pathophysiology is a complex one, as Hcy and its metabolites affect biomolecules and processes in a tissue- and sex-specific manner. Because of their connection to one carbon metabolism and editing mechanisms in protein biosynthesis, Hcy and its metabolites impair epigenetic control of gene expression mediated by DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA, which underlies the pathology of human disease. In this review we summarize the recent evidence showing that epigenetic dysregulation of gene expression, mediated by changes in DNA methylation and histone N-homocysteinylation, is a pathogenic consequence of HHcy in many human diseases. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of human disease induced by Hcy and its metabolites, and suggest therapeutic targets for the prevention and/or treatment.
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31
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Boengler K, Bornbaum J, Schlüter KD, Schulz R. P66shc and its role in ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:29. [PMID: 31165272 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by an imbalance in the formation and removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in the development of several cardiovascular diseases. ROS originate from various cellular origins; however, the highest amount of ROS is produced by mitochondria. One of the proteins contributing to mitochondrial ROS formation is the adaptor protein p66shc, which upon cellular stresses translocates from the cytosol to the mitochondria. In the present review, we focus on the role of p66shc in longevity, in the development of cardiovascular diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis and its risk factors, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and the protection from it by ischemic preconditioning. Also, the contribution of p66shc towards cerebral pathologies and the potential of the protein as a therapeutic target for the treatment of the aforementioned diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Boengler
- Institut für Physiologie, Justus-Liebig Universität Gießen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia Bornbaum
- Institut für Physiologie, Justus-Liebig Universität Gießen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Schlüter
- Institut für Physiologie, Justus-Liebig Universität Gießen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institut für Physiologie, Justus-Liebig Universität Gießen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Silva L, Plösch T, Toledo F, Faas MM, Sobrevia L. Adenosine kinase and cardiovascular fetal programming in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165397. [PMID: 30699363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a detrimental condition for human pregnancy associated with endothelial dysfunction and endothelial inflammation in the fetoplacental vasculature and leads to increased cardio-metabolic risk in the offspring. In the fetoplacental vasculature, GDM is associated with altered adenosine metabolism. Adenosine is an important vasoactive molecule and is an intermediary and final product of transmethylation reactions in the cell. Adenosine kinase is the major regulator of adenosine levels. Disruption of this enzyme is associated with alterations in methylation-dependent gene expression regulation mechanisms, which are associated with the fetal programming phenomenon. Here we propose that cellular and molecular alterations associated with GDM can dysregulate adenosine kinase leading to fetal programming in the fetoplacental vasculature. This can contribute to the cardio-metabolic long-term consequences observed in offspring after exposure to GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Silva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands.
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Queensland, Australia.
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33
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Tóthová B, Kovalská M, Kalenská D, Tomašcová A, Lehotský J. Histone Hyperacetylation as a Response to Global Brain Ischemia Associated with Hyperhomocysteinemia in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3147. [PMID: 30322095 PMCID: PMC6214033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulations play an important role in both normal and pathological conditions of an organism, and are influenced by various exogenous and endogenous factors. Hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy), as a risk factor for several pathological conditions affecting the central nervous system, is supposed to alter the epigenetic signature of the given tissue, which therefore worsens the subsequent damage. To investigate the effect of hHcy in combination with ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and histone acetylation, we used the hHcy animal model of global forebrain ischemia in rats. Cresyl violet staining showed massive neural disintegration in the M1 (primary motor cortex) region as well as in the CA1 (cornu ammonis 1) area of the hippocampus induced by IRI. Neural loss was significantly higher in the group with induced hHcy. Moreover, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis of the brain cortex showed prominent changes in the acetylation of histones H3 and H4, at lysine 9 and 12, respectively, as a result of IRI and induced hHcy. It seems that the differences in histone acetylation patterns in the cortical region have a preferred role in pathological processes induced by IRI associated with hHcy and could be considered in therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tóthová
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Mária Kovalská
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Dagmar Kalenská
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Anna Tomašcová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Ján Lehotský
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
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Lipopolysaccharide Downregulates Kruppel-Like Factor 2 (KLF2) via Inducing DNMT1-Mediated Hypermethylation in Endothelial Cells. Inflammation 2018; 40:1589-1598. [PMID: 28578476 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
KLF2 plays a protective role in antiinflammation and endothelial function, and can be regulated by promoter methylation alteration. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a mediator of inflammatory responses, which causes epigenetic change of certain genes in host cells. We thus aimed to determine whether LPS could control the KLF2 expression by inducing methylation in promoter region. DNA methylation of 16 CpG sites within KLF2 promoter region was detected by bisulfite sequencing PCR. Results showed that methylation at 12 CpG sites were significantly increased in HUVECs after exposure to LPS among the total 16 sites, and the average level was increased by 57%. The KLF2 expressions assessed by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were significantly downregulated compared that without LPS simulation. Moreover, both messenger RNA and protein levels of KLF2 in HUVEC co-treated with LPS and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 small interfering RNA were dramatically higher than that treated with LPS only. Similar result was obtained when the cells were incubated in combination with LPS and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AZA), suggesting that the reduction of KLF2 expression induced by LPS can be reversed by DNMT1 inhibition. Finally, the presence of AZA changed the expression of genes that depends on KLF2 in LPS-stimulated HUVECs, which downregulated the E-selectin and VCAM and increased the eNOS and thrombomodulin expression. Our data demonstrated that LPS exposure resulted in hypermethylation in KLF2 promoter in HUVECs, which subsequently led to downregulation of the KLF2 expression. The study suggested that epigenetic alteration is involved in LPS-induced inflammatory response and provided a new insight into atherogenesis.
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Choi SJ, Piao S, Nagar H, Jung SB, Kim S, Lee I, Kim SM, Song HJ, Shin N, Kim DW, Irani K, Jeon BH, Park JW, Kim CS. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 deficiency induces endothelial inflammation via p66sh-mediated mitochondrial oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1805-1811. [PMID: 30072100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) is an essential enzyme in the mitochondrial antioxidant system, which produces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and thereby defends against oxidative stress. We have shown that IDH2 downregulation results in mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in mouse endothelial cells. The redox enzyme p66shc is a key factor in regulating the level of ROS in endothelial cells. In this study, we hypothesized that IDH2 knockdown-induced mitochondrial dysfunction stimulates endothelial inflammation, which might be regulated by p66shc-mediated oxidative stress. Our results showed that IDH2 downregulation led to mitochondrial dysfunction by decreasing the expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes I, II, and IV, reducing oxygen consumption, and depolarizing mitochondrial membrane potential in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The dysfunction not only increased mitochondrial ROS levels but also activated p66shc expression in HUVECs and IDH2 knockout mice. IDH2 deficiency increased intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, and interleukin [IL]-1β) in HUVECs. The mRNA expression of ICAM-1 in endothelial cells and plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were also markedly elevated in IDH2 knockout mice. However, p66shc knockdown rescued IDH2 deficiency-induced mitochondrial ROS levels, monocyte adhesion, ICAM-1, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression in HUVECs. These findings suggest that IDH2 deficiency induced endothelial inflammation via p66shc-mediated mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jeong Choi
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuyu Piao
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Harsha Nagar
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Saet-Byel Jung
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonhee Kim
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikjun Lee
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kim
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Song
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 301-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Anatomy & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Anatomy & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Kaikobad Irani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Byeong Hwa Jeon
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeen-Woo Park
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Science, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cuk-Seong Kim
- Department of Physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea.
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Cystathionine β-Synthase in Physiology and Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3205125. [PMID: 30050925 PMCID: PMC6046153 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3205125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) regulates homocysteine metabolism and contributes to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) biosynthesis through which it plays multifunctional roles in the regulation of cellular energetics, redox status, DNA methylation, and protein modification. Inactivating mutations in CBS contribute to the pathogenesis of the autosomal recessive disease CBS-deficient homocystinuria. Recent studies demonstrating that CBS promotes colon and ovarian cancer growth in preclinical models highlight a newly identified oncogenic role for CBS. On the contrary, tumor-suppressive effects of CBS have been reported in other cancer types, suggesting context-dependent roles of CBS in tumor growth and progression. Here, we review the physiological functions of CBS, summarize the complexities regarding CBS research in oncology, and discuss the potential of CBS and its key metabolites, including homocysteine and H2S, as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis or therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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Wang WM, Jin HZ. Homocysteine: A Potential Common Route for Cardiovascular Risk and DNA Methylation in Psoriasis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:1980-1986. [PMID: 28776552 PMCID: PMC5555134 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.211895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid with potential clinical significance. Abnormal homocysteine levels have been found in patients with psoriasis. This review summarizes the possible correlations among homocysteine, cardiovascular risk, and DNA methylation in psoriasis. Data Sources: We retrieved the articles published in English from the PubMed database up to January 2017, using the keywords including “psoriasis,” “homocysteine,” “cardiovascular risk,” “DNA methylation,” “methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,” “MTHFR,” and “MTHFR C677T.” Study Selection: Articles about the roles of homocysteine in the cardiovascular risk and DNA methylation in psoriasis were obtained and reviewed. Results: Observational studies consistently reported that elevated homocysteine is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Several studies also consistently reported an association between psoriasis and increased cardiovascular risk. A substantial body of evidence also suggested that an elevated homocysteine level is related to the demethylation of DNA. Data from clinical trials also demonstrated that MTHFR C677T polymorphisms as well as DNA methylation aberrations are associated with psoriasis. Conclusions: This review highlighted the relationships among homocysteine, cardiovascular risk, and DNA methylation, suggesting that homocysteine may be a biological link between cardiovascular risk and DNA methylation in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ming Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hong-Zhong Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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38
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Kerr B, Leiva A, Farías M, Contreras-Duarte S, Toledo F, Stolzenbach F, Silva L, Sobrevia L. Foetoplacental epigenetic changes associated with maternal metabolic dysfunction. Placenta 2018; 69:146-152. [PMID: 29699712 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic-related diseases are attributed to a sedentary lifestyle and eating habits, and there is now an increased awareness regarding pregnancy as a preponderant window in the programming of adulthood health and disease. The developing foetus is susceptible to the maternal environment; hence, any unfavourable condition will result in foetal physiological adaptations that could have a permanent impact on its health. Some of these alterations are maintained via epigenetic modifications capable of modifying gene expression in metabolism-related genes. Children born to mothers with dyslipidaemia, pregestational or gestational obesity, and gestational diabetes mellitus, have a predisposition to develop metabolic alterations during adulthood. CpG methylation-associated alterations to the expression of several genes in the human placenta play a crucial role in the mother-to-foetus transfer of nutrients and macromolecules. Identification of epigenetic modifications in metabolism-related tissues of offspring from metabolic-altered pregnancies is essential to obtain insights into foetal programming controlling newborn, childhood, and adult metabolism. This review points out the importance of the foetal milieu in the programming and development of human disease and provides evidence of this being the underlying mechanism for the development of adulthood metabolic disorders in maternal dyslipidaemia, pregestational or gestational obesity, and gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bredford Kerr
- Laboratory of Biology, Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia 5110466, Chile.
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Marcelo Farías
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Susana Contreras-Duarte
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Francisca Stolzenbach
- Laboratory of Biology, Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia 5110466, Chile; Faculty of Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Luis Silva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Queensland, Australia.
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Duan L, Hu J, Xiong X, Liu Y, Wang J. The role of DNA methylation in coronary artery disease. Gene 2018; 646:91-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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40
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Cattaneo F, Patrussi L, Capitani N, Frezzato F, D'Elios MM, Trentin L, Semenzato G, Baldari CT. Expression of the p66Shc protein adaptor is regulated by the activator of transcription STAT4 in normal and chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57086-57098. [PMID: 27494881 PMCID: PMC5302975 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
p66Shc attenuates mitogenic, prosurvival and chemotactic signaling and promotes apoptosis in lymphocytes. Consistently, p66Shc deficiency contributes to the survival and trafficking abnormalities of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells. The mechanism of p66shc silencing in CLL B cells is methylation-independent, at variance with other cancer cell types. Here we identify STAT4 as a novel transcriptional regulator of p66Shc in B cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter gene assays showed that STAT4 binds to and activates the p66shc promoter. Silencing or overexpression of STAT4 resulted in a co-modulation of p66Shc. IL-12-dependent STAT4 activation caused a coordinate increase in STAT4 and p66Shc expression, which correlated with enhanced B cell apoptosis. Treatment with the STAT4 inhibitor lisofylline reverted partly this effect, suggesting that STAT4 phosphorylation is not essential for but enhances p66shc transcription. Additionally, we demonstrate that CLL B lymphocytes have a STAT4 expression defect which partly accounts for their p66Shc deficiency, as supported by reconstitution experiments. Finally, we show that p66Shc participates in a positive feedback loop to promote STAT4 expression. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of p66Shc expression in B cells and its defect in CLL, identifying the STAT4/IL-12 pathway as a potential therapeutic target in this neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Patrussi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Mario Milco D'Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
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41
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Cai X, Hu Y, Tang H, Hu H, Pang L, Xing J, Liu Z, Luo Y, Jiang B, Liu T, Gorospe M, Chen C, Wang W. RNA methyltransferase NSUN2 promotes stress-induced HUVEC senescence. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19099-110. [PMID: 26992231 PMCID: PMC4991368 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The tRNA methyltransferase NSUN2 delays replicative senescence by regulating the translation of CDK1 and CDKN1B mRNAs. However, whether NSUN2 influences premature cellular senescence remains untested. Here we show that NSUN2 methylates SHC mRNA in vitro and in cells, thereby enhancing the translation of the three SHC proteins, p66SHC, p52SHC, and p46SHC. Our results further show that the elevation of SHC expression by NSUN2-mediated mRNA methylation increased the levels of ROS, activated p38MAPK, thereby accelerating oxidative stress- and high-glucose-induced senescence of human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC). Our findings highlight the critical impact of NSUN2-mediated mRNA methylation in promoting premature senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Han Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Pang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Junyue Xing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chuan Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wengong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
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42
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Zhang JW, Yan R, Tang YS, Guo YZ, Chang Y, Jing L, Wang YL, Zhang JZ. Hyperhomocysteinemia-induced autophagy and apoptosis with downregulation of hairy enhancer of split 1/5 in cortical neurons in mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 30:371-382. [PMID: 29171783 PMCID: PMC5806807 DOI: 10.1177/0394632017740061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about brain histomorphology, neuronal organelles, and hairy enhancer of split (hes) expression under HHcy. In this study, non-HHcy and HHcy induced by high-methionine diet in apolipoprotein E–deficient (Apo E−/−) mice were comparatively investigated. The histomorphology, ultrastructure, autophagosomes, apoptosis, and expression of proteins, HES1, HES5 and P62, were designed to assess the effects of HHcy on brain. The results showed that compared to the non-HHcy mice, the HHcy group had an increase in autophagosomes, vacuolization in mitochondria, and neuron apoptosis; treatment with folate and vitamin B12 reduced the extent of these lesions. However, the elementary histomorphology, the numbers of cortical neurons, and Nissl bodies had no significant difference between the HHcy and the non-HHcy groups or the group treated with folate and vitamin B12. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence demonstrated a decrease in HES1- or HES5-positive neurons in the HHcy group when compared to the non-HHcy groups, wild-type, and Apo E−/− controls, or the HHcy mice with folate and vitamin B12 supplement. Western blots showed that HHcy induced a decreased expression of HES1 and HES5, or P62, in which the expression of HES1 and P62 was elevated by treating with folate and vitamin B12 supplement. These results suggest that HHcy-enhanced brain damage is associated with increased autophagy and neuronal apoptosis in Apo E−/− mice, in which downregulation of hes1 and hes5 is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Zhang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Immunopathology, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,2 School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases-Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ru Yan
- 2 School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases-Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,3 Heart Centre, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Tang
- 2 School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases-Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Guo
- 2 School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases-Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yue Chang
- 2 School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases-Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Li Jing
- 2 School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases-Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yi-Li Wang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Immunopathology, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Zhang
- 2 School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases-Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,4 Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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43
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Mandaviya PR, Aïssi D, Dekkers KF, Joehanes R, Kasela S, Truong V, Stolk L, Heemst DV, Ikram MA, Lindemans J, Slagboom PE, Trégouët DA, Uitterlinden AG, Wei C, Wells P, Gagnon F, van Greevenbroek MM, Heijmans BT, Milani L, Morange PE, van Meurs JB, Heil SG. Homocysteine levels associate with subtle changes in leukocyte DNA methylation: an epigenome-wide analysis. Epigenomics 2017; 9:1403-1422. [PMID: 28990796 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sensitive marker of one-carbon metabolism. Higher Hcy levels have been associated with global DNA hypomethylation. We investigated the association between plasma Hcy and epigenome-wide DNA methylation in leukocytes. METHODS Methylation was measured using Illumina 450 k arrays in 2035 individuals from six cohorts. Hcy-associated differentially methylated positions and regions were identified using meta-analysis. RESULTS Three differentially methylated positions cg21607669 (SLC27A1), cg26382848 (AJUBA) and cg10701000 (KCNMA1) at chromosome 19, 14 and 10, respectively, were significantly associated with Hcy. In addition, we identified 68 Hcy-associated differentially methylated regions, the most significant of which was a 1.8-kb spanning domain (TNXB/ATF6B) at chromosome 6. CONCLUSION We identified novel epigenetic loci associated with Hcy levels, of which specific role needs to be further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja R Mandaviya
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dylan Aïssi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Paris, France.,ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism & Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Koen F Dekkers
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Medical Statistics & Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roby Joehanes
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Silva Kasela
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vinh Truong
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lisette Stolk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology & Geriatrics Section, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Lindemans
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Medical Statistics & Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Paris, France.,ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism & Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chen Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Phil Wells
- Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - France Gagnon
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marleen Mj van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine & School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan T Heijmans
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Medical Statistics & Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Morange
- Laboratory of Haematology, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France.,Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1062, Nutrition Obesity & Risk of Thrombosis, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Joyce Bj van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra G Heil
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Fu Y, Wang X, Kong W. Hyperhomocysteinaemia and vascular injury: advances in mechanisms and drug targets. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:1173-1189. [PMID: 28836260 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine is a sulphur-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid. Hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy), the pathogenic elevation of plasma homocysteine as a result of an imbalance of its metabolism, is an independent risk factor for various vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular calcification and aneurysm. Treatments aimed at lowering plasma homocysteine via dietary supplementation with folic acids and vitamin B are more effective in preventing vascular disease where the population has a normally low folate consumption than in areas with higher dietary folate. To date, the mechanisms of HHcy-induced vascular injury are not fully understood. HHcy increases oxidative stress and its downstream signalling pathways, resulting in vascular inflammation. HHcy also causes vascular injury via endoplasmic reticulum stress. Moreover, HHcy up-regulates pathogenic genes and down-regulates protective genes via DNA demethylation and methylation respectively. Homocysteinylation of proteins induced by homocysteine also contributes to vascular injury by modulating intracellular redox state and altering protein function. Furthermore, HHcy-induced vascular injury leads to neuronal damage and disease. Also, an HHcy-activated sympathetic system and HHcy-injured adipose tissue also cause vascular injury, thus demonstrating the interactions between the organs injured by HHcy. Here, we have summarized the recent developments in the mechanisms of HHcy-induced vascular injury, which are further considered as potential therapeutic targets in this condition. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Costantino S, Paneni F, Battista R, Castello L, Capretti G, Chiandotto S, Tanese L, Russo G, Pitocco D, Lanza GA, Volpe M, Lüscher TF, Cosentino F. Impact of Glycemic Variability on Chromatin Remodeling, Oxidative Stress, and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and With Target HbA 1c Levels. Diabetes 2017. [PMID: 28634176 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intensive glycemic control (IGC) targeting HbA1c fails to show an unequivocal reduction of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Epigenetic changes are emerging as important mediators of cardiovascular damage and may play a role in this setting. This study investigated whether epigenetic regulation of the adaptor protein p66Shc, a key driver of mitochondrial oxidative stress, contributes to persistent vascular dysfunction in patients with T2D despite IGC. Thirty-nine patients with uncontrolled T2D (HbA1c >7.5%) and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were consecutively enrolled. IGC was implemented for 6 months in patients with T2D to achieve a target HbA1c of ≤7.0%. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), urinary 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-isoPGF2α), and epigenetic regulation of p66Shc were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Continuous glucose monitoring was performed to determine the mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) and postprandial incremental area under the curve (AUCpp). At baseline, patients with T2D showed impaired FMD, increased urinary 8-isoPGF2α, and p66Shc upregulation in circulating monocytes compared with control subjects. FMD, 8-isoPGF2α, and p66Shc expression were not affected by IGC. DNA hypomethylation and histone 3 acetylation were found on the p66Shc promoter of patients with T2D, and IGC did not change such adverse epigenetic remodeling. Persistent downregulation of methyltransferase DNMT3b and deacetylase SIRT1 may explain the observed p66Shc-related epigenetic changes. MAGE and AUCpp but not HbA1c were independently associated with the altered epigenetic profile on the p66Shc promoter. Hence, glucose fluctuations contribute to chromatin remodeling and may explain persistent vascular dysfunction in patients with T2D with target HbA1c levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Costantino
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, and University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, and University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Lorenzo Castello
- Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Capretti
- Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Chiandotto
- Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Tanese
- Diabetes Care Unit, Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Russo
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Pitocco
- Diabetes Care Unit, Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano A Lanza
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, and University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hyperhomocysteinemia results from and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma via CYP450 metabolism by CYP2J2 DNA methylation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15377-15392. [PMID: 28030819 PMCID: PMC5362492 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) can result from liver disease or dysfunction and further alters intracellular lipid metabolism. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) arachidonic acid epoxygenases are expressed in human cancers and promote cancer metastasis. This study explored the interaction of Hcy and CYP450 metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The levels of 4-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) isomers and their generative enzyme CYP2J2 level as well as intracellular Hcy level were higher in 42 cases of HCC than in paired non-tumor tissue. Elevated Hcy-decreased DNA methylation on SP1/AP1 binding motifs and enhancement on the CYP2J2 promoter via ERK1/2 signaling was essential for CYP2J2 upregulation and EET metabolism. Increased Hcy level enhanced the neoplastic cellular phenotype, which was reversed by CYP2J2 knockdown in vitro. Furthermore, tumor growth and size as well as patterns of CYP2J2 expression and DNA demethylation were increased with HHcy in mice induced orthotopically by 2% (wt/wt) L-methionine with or without folate deficiency. Moreover, the effect was attenuated by shRNA knockdown of CYP2J2. Thus, HHcy results from but can also promote hepatocarcingenesis via CYP450-EET metabolism by crosstalk of DNA demethylation of CYP2J2 and ERK1/2 signaling.
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Di Lisa F, Giorgio M, Ferdinandy P, Schulz R. New aspects of p66Shc in ischaemia reperfusion injury and other cardiovascular diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1690-1703. [PMID: 26990284 PMCID: PMC5446581 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as crucial factors in the onset and progression of a wide array of diseases, they are also involved in numerous signalling pathways related to cell metabolism, growth and survival. ROS are produced at various cellular sites, and it is generally agreed that mitochondria generate the largest amount, especially those in cardiomyocytes. However, the identification of the most relevant sites within mitochondria, the interaction among the various sources, and the events responsible for the increase in ROS formation under pathological conditions are still highly debated, and far from being clarified. Here, we review the information linking the adaptor protein p66Shc with cardiac injury induced by ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R), including the contribution of risk factors, such as metabolic syndrome and ageing. In response to several stimuli, p66Shc migrates into mitochondria where it catalyses electron transfer from cytochrome c to oxygen resulting in hydrogen peroxide formation. Deletion of p66Shc has been shown to reduce I/R injury as well as vascular abnormalities associated with diabetes and ageing. However, p66Shc-induced ROS formation is also involved in insulin signalling and might contribute to self-endogenous defenses against mild I/R injury. In addition to its role in physiological and pathological conditions, we discuss compounds and conditions that can modulate the expression and activity of p66Shc. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Marco Giorgio
- Department of Experimental OncologyInstitute of OncologyMilanItaly
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacotherapySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- Pharmahungary GroupSzegedHungary
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institut für PhysiologieJustus‐Liebig Universität GiessenGiessenGermany
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Abstract
The Shc family of adaptor proteins is a group of proteins that lacks intrinsic enzymatic activity. Instead, Shc proteins possess various domains that allow them to recruit different signalling molecules. Shc proteins help to transduce an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal, which is then translated into a biological response. The Shc family of adaptor proteins share the same structural topography, CH2-PTB-CH1-SH2, which is more than an isoform of Shc family proteins; this structure, which includes multiple domains, allows for the posttranslational modification of Shc proteins and increases the functional diversity of Shc proteins. The deregulation of Shc proteins has been linked to different disease conditions, including cancer and Alzheimer’s, which indicates their key roles in cellular functions. Accordingly, a question might arise as to whether Shc proteins could be targeted therapeutically to correct their disturbance. To answer this question, thorough knowledge must be acquired; herein, we aim to shed light on the Shc family of adaptor proteins to understand their intracellular role in normal and disease states, which later might be applied to connote mechanisms to reverse the disease state.
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Barroso M, Handy DE, Castro R. The Link Between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Hypomethylation. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409817698994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Barroso
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diane E. Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rita Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Hossain K, Suzuki T, Hasibuzzaman MM, Islam MS, Rahman A, Paul SK, Tanu T, Hossain S, Saud ZA, Rahman M, Nikkon F, Miyataka H, Himeno S, Nohara K. Chronic exposure to arsenic, LINE-1 hypomethylation, and blood pressure: a cross-sectional study in Bangladesh. Environ Health 2017; 16:20. [PMID: 28270149 PMCID: PMC5341433 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to arsenic is associated with cancer and hypertension. Growing evidence suggests that altered methylation in long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) is involved in many types of disorders, including cardiovascular disease. Here we evaluated the association between arsenic exposure and LINE-1 methylation levels, especially in relation to blood pressure (BP). METHODS A total of 236 subjects (175 from arsenic-endemic areas and 61 from a non-endemic area) in rural Bangladesh were recruited. The subjects' arsenic exposure levels (i.e., drinking water, hair and nail arsenic concentrations) were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. The subjects' LINE-1 methylation levels were determined by pyrosequencing. RESULTS The average LINE-1 methylation levels of the subjects living in the arsenic-endemic areas were significantly (p < 0.01) lower than those of the subjects living in the non-endemic area. In a sex-stratified analysis, the arsenic exposure levels in female but not male subjects showed a significant inverse association with LINE-1 methylation levels before (water arsenic: p < 0.01, hair arsenic: p < 0.05, nail arsenic: p < 0.001) and after (water arsenic: p < 0.01, hair arsenic: p < 0.05, nail arsenic: p < 0.001) adjustment for age, body mass index and smoking. Analyses examining interactions among arsenic levels, BP and LINE-1 methylation showed that arsenic-related elevated levels of BP were associated with LINE-1 hypomethylation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that chronic exposure to arsenic was inversely associated with LINE-1 methylation levels in blood leukocyte DNA and this was more pronounced in females than males; in addition, the decreased levels of LINE-1 methylation might be involved in the arsenic-induced elevation of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - M. M. Hasibuzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shofikul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh
| | - Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Sudip Kumar Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh
| | - Tanzina Tanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Shakhawoat Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Zahangir Alam Saud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Mashiur Rahman
- Exim Bank Agricultural University, Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Nikkon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Hideki Miyataka
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Himeno
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Keiko Nohara
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
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