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Azimi A, Soveizi M, Salmanipour A, Mozafarybazargany M, Ghaffari Jolfayi A, Maleki M, Kalayinia S. Identification of a novel likely pathogenic TPM1 variant linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a family with sudden cardiac death. ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:3180-3190. [PMID: 38874371 PMCID: PMC11424302 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an autosomal dominant genetic cardiac disorder characterized by unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy. It can cause a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic to heart failure and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Approximately half of HCM cases are caused by variants in sarcomeric proteins, including α-tropomyosin (TPM1). In this study, we aimed to characterize the clinical and molecular phenotype of HCM in an Iranian pedigree with SCD. METHODS AND RESULTS The proband and available family members underwent comprehensive clinical evaluations, including echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and electrocardiography (ECG). Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in all available family members to identify the causal variant, which was validated, and segregation analysis was conducted via Sanger sequencing. WES identified a novel missense variant, c.761A>G:p.D254G (NM_001018005.2), in the TPM1 gene, in the proband, his father and one of his sisters. Bioinformatic analysis predicted it to be likely pathogenic. Clinical features in affected individuals were consistent with HCM. CONCLUSIONS The identification of a novel TPM1 variant in a family with HCM and SCD underscores the critical role of genetic screening in at-risk families. Early detection of pathogenic variants can facilitate timely intervention and management, potentially reducing the risk of SCD in individuals with HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Azimi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mahdieh Soveizi
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Alireza Salmanipour
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Amir Ghaffari Jolfayi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Majid Maleki
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Samira Kalayinia
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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2
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Lee S, Vander Roest AS, Blair CA, Kao K, Bremner SB, Childers MC, Pathak D, Heinrich P, Lee D, Chirikian O, Mohran SE, Roberts B, Smith JE, Jahng JW, Paik DT, Wu JC, Gunawardane RN, Ruppel KM, Mack DL, Pruitt BL, Regnier M, Wu SM, Spudich JA, Bernstein D. Incomplete-penetrant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy MYH7 G256E mutation causes hypercontractility and elevated mitochondrial respiration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318413121. [PMID: 38683993 PMCID: PMC11087781 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318413121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Determining the pathogenicity of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-associated mutations in the β-myosin heavy chain (MYH7) can be challenging due to its variable penetrance and clinical severity. This study investigates the early pathogenic effects of the incomplete-penetrant MYH7 G256E mutation on myosin function that may trigger pathogenic adaptations and hypertrophy. We hypothesized that the G256E mutation would alter myosin biomechanical function, leading to changes in cellular functions. We developed a collaborative pipeline to characterize myosin function across protein, myofibril, cell, and tissue levels to determine the multiscale effects on structure-function of the contractile apparatus and its implications for gene regulation and metabolic state. The G256E mutation disrupts the transducer region of the S1 head and reduces the fraction of myosin in the folded-back state by 33%, resulting in more myosin heads available for contraction. Myofibrils from gene-edited MYH7WT/G256E human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) exhibited greater and faster tension development. This hypercontractile phenotype persisted in single-cell hiPSC-CMs and engineered heart tissues. We demonstrated consistent hypercontractile myosin function as a primary consequence of the MYH7 G256E mutation across scales, highlighting the pathogenicity of this gene variant. Single-cell transcriptomic and metabolic profiling demonstrated upregulated mitochondrial genes and increased mitochondrial respiration, indicating early bioenergetic alterations. This work highlights the benefit of our multiscale platform to systematically evaluate the pathogenicity of gene variants at the protein and contractile organelle level and their early consequences on cellular and tissue function. We believe this platform can help elucidate the genotype-phenotype relationships underlying other genetic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soah Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University School of Pharmacy, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do16419South Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University School of Pharmacy, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do16419, South Korea
| | - Alison S. Vander Roest
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Cheavar A. Blair
- Biological Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Kerry Kao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Samantha B. Bremner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Matthew C. Childers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Divya Pathak
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Paul Heinrich
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Daniel Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Orlando Chirikian
- Biological Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Saffie E. Mohran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Seattle, WA98195
| | | | | | - James W. Jahng
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - David T. Paik
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | | | - Kathleen M. Ruppel
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - David L. Mack
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Beth L. Pruitt
- Biological Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Sean M. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - James A. Spudich
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
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3
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Federspiel JM, Reil JC, Xu A, Scholtz S, Batzner A, Maack C, Sequeira V. Retrofitting the Heart: Explaining the Enigmatic Septal Thickening in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail 2024; 17:e011435. [PMID: 38695186 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.123.011435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common genetic cardiac disease and is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy. Although this hypertrophy often associates with sarcomeric gene mutations, nongenetic factors also contribute to the disease, leading to diastolic dysfunction. Notably, this dysfunction manifests before hypertrophy and is linked to hypercontractility, as well as nonuniform contraction and relaxation (myofibril asynchrony) of the myocardium. Although the distribution of hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can vary both between and within individuals, in most cases, it is primarily confined to the interventricular septum. The reasons for septal thickening remain largely unknown. In this article, we propose that alterations in muscle fiber geometry, present from birth, dictate the septal shape. When combined with hypercontractility and exacerbated by left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, these factors predispose the septum to an isometric type of contraction during systole, consequently constraining its mobility. This contraction, or more accurately, this focal increase in biomechanical stress, prompts the septum to adapt and undergo remodeling. Drawing a parallel, this is reminiscent of how earthquake-resistant buildings are retrofitted with vibration dampers to absorb the majority of the shock motion and load. Similarly, the heart adapts by synthesizing viscoelastic elements such as microtubules, titin, desmin, collagen, and intercalated disc components. This pronounced remodeling in the cytoskeletal structure leads to noticeable septal hypertrophy. This structural adaptation acts as a protective measure against damage by attenuating myofibril shortening while reducing cavity tension according to Laplace Law. By examining these events, we provide a coherent explanation for the septum's predisposition toward hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Federspiel
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Translational Science University Clinic Würzburg, Germany (J.M.F., A.X., A.B., C.M., V.S.)
- Saarland University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Legal Medicine, Homburg (Saar), Germany (J.M.F.)
| | - Jan-Christian Reil
- Klinik für allgemeine und interventionelle Kardiologie, Herz- und Diabetes-Zentrum Nordrhein-Westphalen, Germany (J.-C.R., S.S.)
| | - Anton Xu
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Translational Science University Clinic Würzburg, Germany (J.M.F., A.X., A.B., C.M., V.S.)
| | - Smita Scholtz
- Klinik für allgemeine und interventionelle Kardiologie, Herz- und Diabetes-Zentrum Nordrhein-Westphalen, Germany (J.-C.R., S.S.)
| | - Angelika Batzner
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Translational Science University Clinic Würzburg, Germany (J.M.F., A.X., A.B., C.M., V.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany (A.B.)
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Translational Science University Clinic Würzburg, Germany (J.M.F., A.X., A.B., C.M., V.S.)
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Translational Science University Clinic Würzburg, Germany (J.M.F., A.X., A.B., C.M., V.S.)
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Zhuang H, Ji Z. PreTSA: computationally efficient modeling of temporal and spatial gene expression patterns. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.20.585926. [PMID: 38585819 PMCID: PMC10996487 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.585926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Modeling temporal and spatial gene expression patterns in large-scale single-cell and spatial transcriptomics data is a computationally intensive task. We present PreTSA, a method that offers computational efficiency in modeling these patterns and is applicable to single-cell and spatial transcriptomics data comprising millions of cells. PreTSA consistently matches the results of state-of-the-art methods while significantly reducing computational time. PreTSA provides a unique solution for studying gene expression patterns in extremely large datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Zhuang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhicheng Ji
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Abstract
Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) is a serious and common side effect of anthracycline therapy. Identification of genes and genetic variants associated with AIC risk has clinical potential as a cardiotoxicity predictive tool and to allow the development of personalized therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of the function of known AIC genes identified by association studies and categorize them based on their mechanistic implication in AIC. We also discuss the importance of functional validation of AIC-associated variants in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) to advance the implementation of genetic predictive biomarkers. Finally, we review how patient-specific hiPSC-CMs can be used to identify novel patient-relevant functional targets and for the discovery of cardioprotectant drugs to prevent AIC. Implementation of functional validation and use of hiPSC-CMs for drug discovery will identify the next generation of highly effective and personalized cardioprotectants and accelerate the inclusion of approved AIC biomarkers into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina B Cejas
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
| | - Kateryna Petrykey
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yadav Sapkota
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
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Skougaard M, Bærentzen S, Eiskjær H, Koefoed-Nielsen P. Eosinophilic infiltration as the initial trace of acute mixed cellular and antibody mediated rejection in a heart transplant patient with concomitant immense epitope-associated HLA-antibody production: a case report. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1207373. [PMID: 37744343 PMCID: PMC10516220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1207373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute mixed cellular and antibody-mediated rejection (MR) has an estimated prevalence of 7.8%. However, knowledge of MR immune pathogenesis in cardiac graft rejection remains sparse. We report a case of acute MR in a heart transplant patient with a mutation in the MYH7 gene encoding the protein β-myosin heavy chain, resulting in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The patient presented with substantial eosinophilic infiltration and extensive production of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-antibodies associated with shared epitopes. Eosinophilic infiltration in the endo- and myocardium was diagnosed in routine post-transplant biopsies stained with hematoxylin-eosin on day 6 after transplantation. On day 27, the patient presented with dyspnea, weight gain, increased pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and was hospitalized due to suspected acute rejection. Endomyocardial biopsies showed eosinophils in endo- and myocardium with additional lymphocytes and hyperplastic endothelium. Immunohistochemistry, including CD31/CD68 double stain confirmed endothelium-associated macrophages in capillaries and severe C4d positivity in the capillaries and endocardial endothelium. Lymphocytes were identified as primarily CD45+/CD3+ T cells with a concomitant few CD45+/CD20+ B cells. HLA-antibody analysis demonstrated a significant increase in 13 HLA-antibodies present in pre-transplant-serum, of which anti-B7 was donor-specific, and 23 strong de-novo HLA-class I antibodies of which anti-B62 was donor-specific. 72% of HLA-antibodies, including the two donor-specific antibodies, shared the same HLA antigen epitope; 43P+69A or 163L+167W. This is a case reporting both HLA-antibody and pathohistological data indicating the need for better understanding of interactions between cellular and antibody-mediated immune response mechanisms in graft rejection, and the significance of pre-transplant donor-specific antibodies during immunological pre-transplant risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Skougaard
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Bærentzen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Eiskjær
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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7
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Lee S, Roest ASV, Blair CA, Kao K, Bremner SB, Childers MC, Pathak D, Heinrich P, Lee D, Chirikian O, Mohran S, Roberts B, Smith JE, Jahng JW, Paik DT, Wu JC, Gunawardane RN, Spudich JA, Ruppel K, Mack D, Pruitt BL, Regnier M, Wu SM, Bernstein D. Multi-scale models reveal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy MYH7 G256E mutation drives hypercontractility and elevated mitochondrial respiration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.08.544276. [PMID: 37333118 PMCID: PMC10274883 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.08.544276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Over 200 mutations in the sarcomeric protein β-myosin heavy chain (MYH7) have been linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, different mutations in MYH7 lead to variable penetrance and clinical severity, and alter myosin function to varying degrees, making it difficult to determine genotype-phenotype relationships, especially when caused by rare gene variants such as the G256E mutation. Objective This study aims to determine the effects of low penetrant MYH7 G256E mutation on myosin function. We hypothesize that the G256E mutation would alter myosin function, precipitating compensatory responses in cellular functions. Methods We developed a collaborative pipeline to characterize myosin function at multiple scales (protein to myofibril to cell to tissue). We also used our previously published data on other mutations to compare the degree to which myosin function was altered. Results At the protein level, the G256E mutation disrupts the transducer region of the S1 head and reduces the fraction of myosin in the folded-back state by 50.9%, suggesting more myosins available for contraction. Myofibrils isolated from hiPSC-CMs CRISPR-edited with G256E (MYH7 WT/G256E ) generated greater tension, had faster tension development and slower early phase relaxation, suggesting altered myosin-actin crossbridge cycling kinetics. This hypercontractile phenotype persisted in single-cell hiPSC-CMs and engineered heart tissues. Single-cell transcriptomic and metabolic profiling demonstrated upregulation of mitochondrial genes and increased mitochondrial respiration, suggesting altered bioenergetics as an early feature of HCM. Conclusions MYH7 G256E mutation causes structural instability in the transducer region, leading to hypercontractility across scales, perhaps from increased myosin recruitment and altered crossbridge cycling. Hypercontractile function of the mutant myosin was accompanied by increased mitochondrial respiration, while cellular hypertrophy was modest in the physiological stiffness environment. We believe that this multi-scale platform will be useful to elucidate genotype-phenotype relationships underlying other genetic cardiovascular diseases.
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Liu T, Li X, Wang Y, Zhou M, Liang F. Computational modeling of electromechanical coupling in human cardiomyocyte applied to study hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and its drug response. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 231:107372. [PMID: 36736134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Knowledge of electromechanical coupling in cardiomyocyte and how it is influenced by various pathophysiological factors is fundamental to understanding the pathogenesis of myocardial disease and its response to medication, which is however hard to be thoroughly addressed by clinical/experimental studies due to technical limitations. At this point, computational modeling offers an alternative approach. The main objective of the study was to develop a computational model capable of simulating the process of electromechanical coupling and quantifying the roles of various factors in play in the human left ventricular cardiomyocyte. METHODS A new electrophysiological model was firstly built by combining several existing electrophysiological models and incorporating the mechanism of electrophysiological homeostasis, which was subsequently coupled to models representing the cross-bridge dynamics and active force generation during excitation-contraction coupling and the passive mechanical properties of cardiomyocyte to yield an integrative electromechanical model. Model parameters were calibrated or optimized based on a large amount of experimental data. The resulting model was applied to delineate the characteristics of electromechanical coupling and explore underlying determinant factors in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) cardiomyocyte, as well as quantify their changes in response to different medications. RESULTS Model predictions captured the major electromechanical characteristics of cardiomyocyte under both normal physiological and HCM conditions. In comparison with normal cardiomyocyte, HCM cardiomyocyte suffered from systemic changes in both electrophysiological and mechanical variables. Numerical simulations of drug response revealed that Mavacamten and Metoprolol could both reduce the active contractility and alleviate calcium overload but had marked differential influences on many other electromechanical variables, which theoretically explained why the two drugs have differential therapeutic effects. In addition, our numerical experiments demonstrated the important role of compensatory ion transport in maintaining electrophysiological homeostasis and regulating cytoplasmic volume. CONCLUSIONS A sophisticated computational model has the advantage of providing quantitative and integrative insights for understanding the pathogenesis and drug responses of HCM or other myocardial diseases at the level of cardiomyocyte, and hence may contribute as a useful complement to clinical/experimental studies. The model may also be coupled to tissue- or organ-level models to strengthen the physiological implications of macro-scale numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwei Liu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuanyu Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fuyou Liang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; World-Class Research Center "Digital biodesign and personalized healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 19991, Russia.
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Loiben AM, Chien WM, Friedman CE, Chao LSL, Weber G, Goldstein A, Sniadecki NJ, Murry CE, Yang KC. Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis Is Associated with Contractile Dysfunction in Stem Cell Model of MYH7 E848G Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4909. [PMID: 36902340 PMCID: PMC10003263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations in myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) are a common cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but the molecular mechanisms underlying MYH7-based HCM remain unclear. In this work, we generated cardiomyocytes derived from isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells to model the heterozygous pathogenic MYH7 missense variant, E848G, which is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and adult-onset systolic dysfunction. MYH7E848G/+ increased cardiomyocyte size and reduced the maximum twitch forces of engineered heart tissue, consistent with the systolic dysfunction in MYH7E848G/+ HCM patients. Interestingly, MYH7E848G/+ cardiomyocytes more frequently underwent apoptosis that was associated with increased p53 activity relative to controls. However, genetic ablation of TP53 did not rescue cardiomyocyte survival or restore engineered heart tissue twitch force, indicating MYH7E848G/+ cardiomyocyte apoptosis and contractile dysfunction are p53-independent. Overall, our findings suggest that cardiomyocyte apoptosis is associated with the MYH7E848G/+ HCM phenotype in vitro and that future efforts to target p53-independent cell death pathways may be beneficial for the treatment of HCM patients with systolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Loiben
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Wei-Ming Chien
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Cardiology/Hospital Specialty Medicine, VA Puget Sound HCS, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Clayton E. Friedman
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Leslie S.-L. Chao
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gerhard Weber
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alex Goldstein
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nathan J. Sniadecki
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Charles E. Murry
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kai-Chun Yang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Cardiology/Hospital Specialty Medicine, VA Puget Sound HCS, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
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10
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Loiben AM, Chien WM, Friedman CE, Chao LSL, Weber G, Goldstein A, Sniadecki N, Murry CE, Yang KC. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis contributes to contractile dysfunction in stem cell model of MYH7 E848G hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.24.525458. [PMID: 36747800 PMCID: PMC9900838 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.24.525458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Missense mutations in myosin heavy chain 7 ( MYH7 ) are a common cause of hyper-trophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but the molecular mechanisms underlying MYH7 -based HCM remain unclear. In this work, we generated cardiomyocytes derived from isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells to model the heterozygous pathogenic MYH7 missense variant, E848G, which is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and adultonset systolic dysfunction. MYH7 E848G/+ increased cardiomyocyte size and reduced the maximum twitch forces of engineered heart tissue, consistent with the systolic dysfunction in MYH7 E848G HCM patients. Interestingly, MYH7 E848G/+ cardiomyocytes more frequently underwent apoptosis that was associated with increased p53 activity relative to controls. However, genetic ablation of TP53 did not rescue cardiomyocyte survival or restore engineered heart tissue twitch force, indicating MYH7 E848G/+ cardiomyocyte apoptosis and contractile dysfunction are p53-independent. Overall, our findings suggest that cardiomyocyte apoptosis plays an important role in the MYH7 E848G/+ HCM phenotype in vitro and that future efforts to target p53-independent cell death pathways may be beneficial for the treatment of HCM patients with systolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Loiben
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wei-Ming Chien
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cardiology/Hospital Specialty Medicine, VA Puget Sound HCS, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Clayton E. Friedman
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leslie S-L. Chao
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gerhard Weber
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alex Goldstein
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathan Sniadecki
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles E. Murry
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kai-Chun Yang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cardiology/Hospital Specialty Medicine, VA Puget Sound HCS, Seattle, WA, USA
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11
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Computational analysis of ventricular mechanics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:958. [PMID: 36653468 PMCID: PMC9849405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic heart disease that is associated with many pathological features, such as a reduction in global longitudinal strain (GLS), myofiber disarray and hypertrophy. The effects of these features on left ventricle (LV) function are, however, not clear in two phenotypes of HCM, namely, obstructive and non-obstructive. To address this issue, we developed patient-specific computational models of the LV using clinical measurements from 2 female HCM patients and a control subject. Left ventricular mechanics was described using an active stress formulation and myofiber disarray was described using a structural tensor in the constitutive models. Unloaded LV configuration for each subject was first determined from their respective end-diastole LV geometries segmented from the cardiac magnetic resonance images, and an empirical single-beat estimation of the end-diastolic pressure volume relationship. The LV was then connected to a closed-loop circulatory model and calibrated using the clinically measured LV pressure and volume waveforms, peak GLS and blood pressure. Without consideration of myofiber disarray, peak myofiber tension was found to be lowest in the obstructive HCM subject (60 kPa), followed by the non-obstructive subject (242 kPa) and the control subject (375 kPa). With increasing myofiber disarray, we found that peak tension has to increase in the HCM models to match the clinical measurements. In the obstructive HCM patient, however, peak tension was still depressed (cf. normal subject) at the largest degree of myofiber disarray found in the clinic. The computational modeling workflow proposed here can be used in future studies with more HCM patient data.
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12
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Sequeira V, Wang L, Wijnker PJ, Kim K, Pinto JR, dos Remedios C, Redwood C, Knollmann BC, van der Velden J. Low expression of the K280N TNNT2 mutation is sufficient to increase basal myofilament activation in human hypertrophy cardiomyopathy. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY PLUS 2022; 1:100007. [PMID: 37159677 PMCID: PMC10160007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmccpl.2022.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with patients typically showing heterozygous inheritance of a pathogenic variant in a gene encoding a contractile protein. Here, we study the contractile effects of a rare homozygous mutation using explanted tissue and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) to gain insight into how the balance between mutant and WT protein expression affects cardiomyocyte function. Methods Force measurements were performed in cardiomyocytes isolated from a HCM patient carrying a homozygous troponin T mutation (cTnT-K280N) and healthy donors. To discriminate between mutation-mediated and phosphorylation-related effects on Ca2+-sensitivity, cardiomyocytes were treated with alkaline phosphatase (AP) or protein kinase A (PKA). Troponin exchange experiments characterized the relation between mutant levels and myofilament function. To define mutation-mediated effects on Ca2+-dynamics we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate hiPSC-CMs harbouring heterozygous and homozygous TnT-K280N mutations. Ca2+-transient and cell shortening experiments compared these lines against isogenic controls. Results Myofilament Ca2+-sensitivity was higher in homozygous cTnT-K280N cardiomyocytes and was not corrected by AP- and PKA-treatment. In cTnT-K280N cells exchanged with cTnT-WT, a low level (14%) of cTnT-K280N mutation elevated Ca2+-sensitivity. Similarly, exchange of donor cells with 45 ± 2% cTnT-K280N increased Ca2+-sensitivity and was not corrected by PKA. cTnT-K280N hiPSC-CMs show elevated diastolic Ca2+ and increases in cell shortening. Impaired cardiomyocyte relaxation was only evident in homozygous cTnT-K280N hiPSC-CMs. Conclusions The cTnT-K280N mutation increases myofilament Ca2+-sensitivity, elevates diastolic Ca2+, enhances contractility and impairs cellular relaxation. A low level (14%) of the cTnT-K280N sensitizes myofilaments to Ca2+, a universal finding of human HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Sequeira
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, United States
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC) University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lili Wang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, United States
| | - Paul J.M. Wijnker
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kyungsoo Kim
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, United States
| | - Jose R. Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Cris dos Remedios
- Muscle Research Unit, Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Bjorn C. Knollmann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, United States
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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13
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Burkart V, Kowalski K, Aldag-Niebling D, Beck J, Frick DA, Holler T, Radocaj A, Piep B, Zeug A, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, dos Remedios CG, van der Velden J, Montag J, Kraft T. Transcriptional bursts and heterogeneity among cardiomyocytes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:987889. [PMID: 36082122 PMCID: PMC9445301 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.987889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional bursting is a common expression mode for most genes where independent transcription of alleles leads to different ratios of allelic mRNA from cell to cell. Here we investigated burst-like transcription and its consequences in cardiac tissue from Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients with heterozygous mutations in the sarcomeric proteins cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C, MYBPC3) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI, TNNI3). Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) we found that both, MYBPC3 and TNNI3 are transcribed burst-like. Along with that, we show unequal allelic ratios of TNNI3-mRNA among single cardiomyocytes and unequally distributed wildtype cMyBP-C protein across tissue sections from heterozygous HCM-patients. The mutations led to opposing functional alterations, namely increasing (cMyBP-Cc.927−2A>G) or decreasing (cTnIR145W) calcium sensitivity. Regardless, all patients revealed highly variable calcium-dependent force generation between individual cardiomyocytes, indicating contractile imbalance, which appears widespread in HCM-patients. Altogether, we provide strong evidence that burst-like transcription of sarcomeric genes can lead to an allelic mosaic among neighboring cardiomyocytes at mRNA and protein level. In HCM-patients, this presumably induces the observed contractile imbalance among individual cardiomyocytes and promotes HCM-development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Burkart
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Valentin Burkart
| | - Kathrin Kowalski
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - David Aldag-Niebling
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Beck
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Alexander Frick
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Holler
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ante Radocaj
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Piep
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andre Zeug
- Institute for Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Cristobal G. dos Remedios
- Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Judith Montag
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Judith Montag
| | - Theresia Kraft
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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14
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Strimaityte D, Tu C, Yanez A, Itzhaki I, Wu H, Wu JC, Yang H. Contractility and Calcium Transient Maturation in the Human iPSC-Derived Cardiac Microfibers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35376-35388. [PMID: 35901275 PMCID: PMC9780031 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are considered immature in the sarcomere organization, contractile machinery, calcium transient, and transcriptome profile, which prevent them from further applications in modeling and studying cardiac development and disease. To improve the maturity of hiPSC-CMs, here, we engineered the hiPSC-CMs into cardiac microfibers (iCMFs) by a stencil-based micropatterning method, which enables the hiPSC-CMs to be aligned in an end-to-end connection for prolonged culture on the hydrogel of physiological stiffness. A series of characterization approaches were performed to evaluate the maturation in iCMFs on both structural and functional levels, including immunohistochemistry, calcium transient, reverse-transcription quantitative PCR, cardiac contractility, and electrical pacing analysis. Our results demonstrate an improved cardiac maturation of hiPSC-CMs in iCMFs compared to micropatterned or random single hiPSC-CMs and hiPSC-CMs in a random cluster at the same cell number of iCMFs. We found an increased sarcomere length, better regularity and alignment of sarcomeres, enhanced contractility, matured calcium transient, and T-tubule formation and improved adherens junction and gap junction formation. The hiPSC-CMs in iCMFs showed a robust calcium cycling in response to the programmed and continuous electrical pacing from 0.5 to 7 Hz. Moreover, we generated the iCMFs with hiPSC-CMs with mutations in myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3) to have a proof-of-concept of iCMFs in modeling cardiac hypertrophic phenotype. These findings suggest that the multipatterned iCMF connection of hiPSC-CMs boosts the cardiac maturation structurally and functionally, which will reveal the full potential of the application of hiPSC-CM models in disease modeling of cardiomyopathy and cardiac regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dovile Strimaityte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA
| | - Chengyi Tu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Apuleyo Yanez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA
| | - Ilanit Itzhaki
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Haodi Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA
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15
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Can Blebbistatin block the hypertrophy status in the zebrafish exvivo cardiac model? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166471. [PMID: 35750268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ex-vivo simple models are powered tools to study cardiac hypertrophy. It is possible to control the activation of critical genes and thus test the effects of drug therapies before the in vivo tests. A zebrafish cardiac hypertrophy developed by 500 μM phenylephrine (PE) treatment in ex vivo culture has been demonstrated to activate the essential expression of the embryonal genes. These genes are the same as those described in several previous pieces of research on hypertrophic pathology in humans. The efficacy of the chemical drug Blebbistatin (BL) on hypertrophy induced ex vivo cultured hearts is studied in this research. BL can inhibit the myosins and the calcium wave in counteracting the hypertrophy status caused by PE. Samples treated with PE, BL and PE simultaneously, or pre/post-treatment with BL, have been analysed for the embryonal gene activation concerning the hypertrophy status. The qRTPCR has shown an inhibitory effect of BL treatments on the microRNAs downregulation with the consequent low expression of essential embryonal genes. In particular, BL seems to be effective in blocking the hyperplasia of the epicardium but less effective in myocardium hypertrophy. The model can make it possible to obtain knowledge on the transduction pathways activated by BL and investigate the potential use of this drug in treating cardiac hypertrophy in humans.
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16
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Caporizzo MA, Prosser BL. The microtubule cytoskeleton in cardiac mechanics and heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:364-378. [PMID: 35440741 PMCID: PMC9270871 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule network of cardiac muscle cells has unique architectural and biophysical features to accommodate the demands of the working heart. Advances in live-cell imaging and in deciphering the 'tubulin code' have shone new light on this cytoskeletal network and its role in heart failure. Microtubule-based transport orchestrates the growth and maintenance of the contractile apparatus through spatiotemporal control of translation, while also organizing the specialized membrane systems required for excitation-contraction coupling. To withstand the high mechanical loads of the working heart, microtubules are post-translationally modified and physically reinforced. In response to stress to the myocardium, the microtubule network remodels, typically through densification, post-translational modification and stabilization. Under these conditions, physically reinforced microtubules resist the motion of the cardiomyocyte and increase myocardial stiffness. Accordingly, modified microtubules have emerged as a therapeutic target for reducing stiffness in heart failure. In this Review, we discuss the latest evidence on the contribution of microtubules to cardiac mechanics, the drivers of microtubule network remodelling in cardiac pathologies and the therapeutic potential of targeting cardiac microtubules in acquired heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Caporizzo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Prosser
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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17
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Ušaj M, Moretto L, Månsson A. Critical Evaluation of Current Hypotheses for the Pathogenesis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2195. [PMID: 35216312 PMCID: PMC8880276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), due to mutations in sarcomere proteins, occurs in more than 1/500 individuals and is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young people. The clinical course exhibits appreciable variability. However, typically, heart morphology and function are normal at birth, with pathological remodeling developing over years to decades, leading to a phenotype characterized by asymmetric ventricular hypertrophy, scattered fibrosis and myofibrillar/cellular disarray with ultimate mechanical heart failure and/or severe arrhythmias. The identity of the primary mutation-induced changes in sarcomere function and how they trigger debilitating remodeling are poorly understood. Support for the importance of mutation-induced hypercontractility, e.g., increased calcium sensitivity and/or increased power output, has been strengthened in recent years. However, other ideas that mutation-induced hypocontractility or non-uniformities with contractile instabilities, instead, constitute primary triggers cannot yet be discarded. Here, we review evidence for and criticism against the mentioned hypotheses. In this process, we find support for previous ideas that inefficient energy usage and a blunted Frank-Starling mechanism have central roles in pathogenesis, although presumably representing effects secondary to the primary mutation-induced changes. While first trying to reconcile apparently diverging evidence for the different hypotheses in one unified model, we also identify key remaining questions and suggest how experimental systems that are built around isolated primarily expressed proteins could be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alf Månsson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden; (M.U.); (L.M.)
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18
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Abstract
Microtubules are essential cytoskeletal elements found in all eukaryotic cells. The structure and composition of microtubules regulate their function, and the dynamic remodeling of the network by posttranslational modifications and microtubule-associated proteins generates diverse populations of microtubules adapted for various contexts. In the cardiomyocyte, the microtubules must accommodate the unique challenges faced by a highly contractile, rigidly structured, and long-lasting cell. Through their canonical trafficking role and positioning of mRNA, proteins, and organelles, microtubules regulate essential cardiomyocyte functions such as electrical activity, calcium handling, protein translation, and growth. In a more specialized role, posttranslationally modified microtubules form load-bearing structures that regulate myocyte mechanics and mechanotransduction. Modified microtubules proliferate in cardiovascular diseases, creating stabilized resistive elements that impede cardiomyocyte contractility and contribute to contractile dysfunction. In this review, we highlight the most exciting new concepts emerging from recent studies into canonical and noncanonical roles of cardiomyocyte microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Uchida
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Emily A Scarborough
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Benjamin L Prosser
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
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19
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Wang S, Mao H, Hou L, Hu Z, Wang Y, Qi T, Tao C, Yang Y, Zhang C, Li M, Liu H, Hu S, Chai R, Wang Y. Compact SchCas9 Recognizes the Simple NNGR PAM. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104789. [PMID: 34874112 PMCID: PMC8811835 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/SaCas9 is the most popular tool for in vivo genome editing due to its high efficiency and small genome. The authors previously developed four SaCas9 orthologs as genome-editing tools. Here, to expand the targeting scope, they investigate the diversity of protospacer adjacent motifs (PAMs) by screening a list of 16 SaCas9 orthologs, twelve of which display editing activity in mammalian cells. They recognize five types of PAMs: NNGRRT, NNGRRR, NNGRC, NNGA, and NNGR. Importantly, SchCas9 recognizes the simple NNGR PAM, representing the most relaxed PAM preference of compact Cas9s to date. It is further demonstrated that SchCas9 enables efficient genome editing in multiple human cell lines. Altogether, these compact Cas9 tools offer a new option for both basic research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Huilin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Linghui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Ziying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Tao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Chen Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North ChinaChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing102300China
| | - Shijun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular ScienceCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionMedical CollegeSoochow UniversitySuzhou215000China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyJiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantong226001China
| | - Yongming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial MicroorganismsShanghai200438China
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20
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Distinct Metabolomic Signatures in Preclinical and Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112950. [PMID: 34831173 PMCID: PMC8616419 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common inherited heart disease with poor risk prediction due to incomplete penetrance and a lack of clear genotype–phenotype correlations. Advanced imaging techniques have shown altered myocardial energetics already in preclinical gene variant carriers. To determine whether disturbed myocardial energetics with the potential to serve as biomarkers are also reflected in the serum metabolome, we analyzed the serum metabolome of asymptomatic carriers in comparison to healthy controls and obstructive HCM patients (HOCM). We performed non-quantitative direct-infusion high-resolution mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics on serum from fasted asymptomatic gene variant carriers, symptomatic HOCM patients and healthy controls (n = 31, 14 and 9, respectively). Biomarker panels that discriminated the groups were identified by performing multivariate modeling with gradient-boosting classifiers. For all three group-wise comparisons we identified a panel of 30 serum metabolites that best discriminated the groups. These metabolite panels performed equally well as advanced cardiac imaging modalities in distinguishing the groups. Seven metabolites were found to be predictive in two different comparisons and may play an important role in defining the disease stage. This study reveals unique metabolic signatures in serum of preclinical carriers and HOCM patients that may potentially be used for HCM risk stratification and precision therapeutics.
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21
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Park J, Packard EA, Levin MG, Judy RL, Damrauer SM, Day SM, Ritchie MD, Rader DJ. A genome-first approach to rare variants in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy genes MYBPC3 and MYH7 in a medical biobank. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:827-837. [PMID: 34542152 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
'Genome-first' approaches to analyzing rare variants can reveal new insights into human biology and disease. Because pathogenic variants are often rare, new discovery requires aggregating rare coding variants into 'gene burdens' for sufficient power. However, a major challenge is deciding which variants to include in gene burden tests. Pathogenic variants in MYBPC3 and MYH7 are well-known causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and focusing on these 'positive control' genes in a genome-first approach could help inform variant selection methods and gene burdening strategies for other genes and diseases. Integrating exome sequences with electronic health records among 41 759 participants in the Penn Medicine BioBank, we evaluated the performance of aggregating predicted loss-of-function (pLOF) and/or predicted deleterious missense (pDM) variants in MYBPC3 and MYH7 for gene burden phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS). The approach to grouping rare variants for these two genes produced very different results: pLOFs but not pDM variants in MYBPC3 were strongly associated with HCM, whereas the opposite was true for MYH7. Detailed review of clinical charts revealed that only 38.5% of patients with HCM diagnoses carrying an HCM-associated variant in MYBPC3 or MYH7 had a clinical genetic test result. Additionally, 26.7% of MYBPC3 pLOF carriers without HCM diagnoses had clear evidence of left atrial enlargement and/or septal/LV hypertrophy on echocardiography. Our study shows the importance of evaluating both pLOF and pDM variants for gene burden testing in future studies to uncover novel gene-disease relationships and identify new pathogenic loss-of-function variants across the human genome through genome-first analyses of healthcare-based populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Park
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Packard
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael G Levin
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Renae L Judy
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sharlene M Day
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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22
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Finocchiaro G, Sheikh N, Leone O, Westaby J, Mazzarotto F, Pantazis A, Ferrantini C, Sacconi L, Papadakis M, Sharma S, Sheppard MN, Olivotto I. Arrhythmogenic potential of myocardial disarray in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: genetic basis, functional consequences and relation to sudden cardiac death. Europace 2021; 23:985-995. [PMID: 33447843 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial disarray is defined as disorganized cardiomyocyte spatial distribution, with loss of physiological fibre alignment and orientation. Since the first pathological descriptions of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), disarray appeared as a typical feature of this condition and sparked vivid debate regarding its specificity to the disease and clinical significance as a diagnostic marker and a risk factor for sudden death. Although much of the controversy surrounding its diagnostic value in HCM persists, it is increasingly recognized that myocardial disarray may be found in physiological contexts and in cardiac conditions different from HCM, raising the possibility that central focus should be placed on its quantity and distribution, rather than a mere presence. While further studies are needed to establish what amount of disarray should be considered as a hallmark of the disease, novel experimental approaches and emerging imaging techniques for the first time allow ex vivo and in vivo characterization of the myocardium to a molecular level. Such advances hold the promise of filling major gaps in our understanding of the functional consequences of myocardial disarray in HCM and specifically on arrhythmogenic propensity and as a risk factor for sudden death. Ultimately, these studies will clarify whether disarray represents a major determinant of the HCM clinical profile, and a potential therapeutic target, as opposed to an intriguing but largely innocent bystander.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gherardo Finocchiaro
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.,King's College London
| | - Nabeel Sheikh
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.,King's College London
| | - Ornella Leone
- Cardiovascular and Cardiac Transplant Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Joe Westaby
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit and Cardiology Clinical and Academic Group. St George's, University of London, London and St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Francesco Mazzarotto
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Antonis Pantazis
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sacconi
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Florence, Italy.,Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Papadakis
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit and Cardiology Clinical and Academic Group. St George's, University of London, London and St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit and Cardiology Clinical and Academic Group. St George's, University of London, London and St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Mary N Sheppard
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit and Cardiology Clinical and Academic Group. St George's, University of London, London and St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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23
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Baudry G, Mansencal N, Reynaud A, Richard P, Dubourg O, Komajda M, Isnard R, Réant P, Charron P. Global and regional echocardiographic strain to assess the early phase of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy due to sarcomeric mutations. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 21:291-298. [PMID: 31056691 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disease with delayed cardiac expression. Our objective was to characterize left ventricular (LV) myocardial strain by two-dimensional echocardiography in sarcomeric mutation carriers before the hypertrophic stage. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 140 adults [derivation cohort (n = 79), validation cohort (n = 61)]. The derivation cohort comprised 38 confirmed HCM patients with hypertrophy (LVH+/Gen+), 20 mutation carriers without LV hypertrophy (LVH-/Gen+), and 21 healthy controls. LV global longitudinal strain was not different in LVH-/Gen+ compared with controls [20.6%, interquartile (IQ): 18.3/24.2 vs. 22.9%, IQ: 20.9/26.8] but was reduced in LVH+/Gen+ patients (14.1%, IQ: 11.8/18.5, P < 0.001). Regional peak longitudinal strain was significantly decreased in LVH-/Gen+ when compared with controls in four segments: basal anteroseptal (BAS) wall (P = 0.018), basal inferoseptal wall (P = 0.047), basal inferior wall (P = 0.006), and mid anteroseptal wall (P = 0.022). Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified that BAS strain <16.5% had a sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of 57%, 90%, 82%, and 67%, respectively, to differentiate LVH-/G+ patients from controls. Similarly, the accuracy of a ratio between basal inferoseptal/basal anterolateral (BIS/BAL) strain <0.76 was 73%, 92%, 82%, and 64%, respectively (Se/Sp/PPV/NPV). In the validation cohort, the accuracy of BAS and BIS/BAL was 39%/93%/87%/57% and 55%/96%/95%/64% (Se/Sp/PPV/NPV), respectively, to differentiate the LVH-/Gen+ group from controls. CONCLUSION Regional longitudinal strain, but not global strain, was significantly reduced at the early stage of HCM before LV hypertrophy. This suggests that the inclusion of strain (BAS < 16.5%; BIS/BAL < 0.76) in the evaluation of HCM relatives would help identify mutation carriers and early LV abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Baudry
- APHP, Centre de référence pour les maladies cardiaques héréditaires, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bvd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.,HCL, Service Insuffisance cardiaque, Hôpital Louis Pradel, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Nicolas Mansencal
- APHP, Service de Cardiologie, CHU Ambroise Paré, 9 av Charles de Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France.,INSERM U-1018, CESP, Team 5 (EpReC, Renal and Cardiovascular Epidemiology), UVSQ, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Amelie Reynaud
- Université de Bordeaux, CHU de Bordeaux, Service de cardiologie, Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Pascale Richard
- APHP, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de la Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, 47 Bvd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Dubourg
- APHP, Service de Cardiologie, CHU Ambroise Paré, 9 av Charles de Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France.,INSERM U-1018, CESP, Team 5 (EpReC, Renal and Cardiovascular Epidemiology), UVSQ, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Michel Komajda
- APHP, Centre de référence pour les maladies cardiaques héréditaires, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bvd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.,Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Saint Joseph, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Richard Isnard
- APHP, Centre de référence pour les maladies cardiaques héréditaires, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bvd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 1166 and ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, 91 bvd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Patricia Réant
- Université de Bordeaux, CHU de Bordeaux, Service de cardiologie, Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Philippe Charron
- APHP, Centre de référence pour les maladies cardiaques héréditaires, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bvd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 1166 and ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, 91 bvd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
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24
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Martin TG, Myers VD, Dubey P, Dubey S, Perez E, Moravec CS, Willis MS, Feldman AM, Kirk JA. Cardiomyocyte contractile impairment in heart failure results from reduced BAG3-mediated sarcomeric protein turnover. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2942. [PMID: 34011988 PMCID: PMC8134551 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between reduced myofilament force-generating capacity (Fmax) and heart failure (HF) is clear, however the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show impaired Fmax arises from reduced BAG3-mediated sarcomere turnover. Myofilament BAG3 expression decreases in human HF and positively correlates with Fmax. We confirm this relationship using BAG3 haploinsufficient mice, which display reduced Fmax and increased myofilament ubiquitination, suggesting impaired protein turnover. We show cardiac BAG3 operates via chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA), conserved from skeletal muscle, and confirm sarcomeric CASA complex localization is BAG3/proteotoxic stress-dependent. Using mass spectrometry, we characterize the myofilament CASA interactome in the human heart and identify eight clients of BAG3-mediated turnover. To determine if increasing BAG3 expression in HF can restore sarcomere proteostasis/Fmax, HF mice were treated with rAAV9-BAG3. Gene therapy fully rescued Fmax and CASA protein turnover after four weeks. Our findings indicate BAG3-mediated sarcomere turnover is fundamental for myofilament functional maintenance. Decreased expression of BAG3 in the heart is associated with contractile dysfunction and heart failure. Here the authors show that this is due to decreased BAG3-dependent sarcomere protein turnover, which impairs mechanical function, and that sarcomere force-generating capacity is restored with BAG3 gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Martin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Valerie D Myers
- Department of Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Praveen Dubey
- Department of Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shubham Dubey
- Department of Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edith Perez
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Christine S Moravec
- Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arthur M Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disease of the myocardium characterized by a hypertrophic left ventricle with a preserved or increased ejection fraction. Cardiac hypertrophy is often asymmetrical, which is associated with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Myocyte hypertrophy, disarray, and myocardial fibrosis constitute the histological features of HCM. HCM is a relatively benign disease but an important cause of sudden cardiac death in the young and heart failure in the elderly. Pathogenic variants (PVs) in genes encoding protein constituents of the sarcomeres are the main causes of HCM. PVs exhibit a gradient of effect sizes, as reflected in their penetrance and variable phenotypic expression of HCM. MYH7 and MYBPC3, encoding β-myosin heavy chain and myosin binding protein C, respectively, are the two most common causal genes and responsible for ≈40% of all HCM cases but a higher percentage of HCM in large families. PVs in genes encoding protein components of the thin filaments are responsible for ≈5% of the HCM cases. Whereas pathogenicity of the genetic variants in large families has been firmly established, ascertainment causality of the PVs in small families and sporadic cases is challenging. In the latter category, PVs are best considered as probabilistic determinants of HCM. Deciphering the genetic basis of HCM has enabled routine genetic testing and has partially elucidated the underpinning mechanism of HCM as increased number of the myosin molecules that are strongly bound to actin. The discoveries have led to the development of mavacamten that targets binding of the myosin molecule to actin filaments and imparts beneficial clinical effects. In the coming years, the yield of the genetic testing is expected to be improved and the so-called missing causal gene be identified. The advances are also expected to enable development of additional specific therapies and editing of the mutations in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Marian
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston
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26
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Scellini B, Piroddi N, Dente M, Vitale G, Pioner JM, Coppini R, Ferrantini C, Poggesi C, Tesi C. Mavacamten has a differential impact on force generation in myofibrils from rabbit psoas and human cardiac muscle. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:212024. [PMID: 33891673 PMCID: PMC8077167 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mavacamten (MYK-461) is a small-molecule allosteric inhibitor of sarcomeric myosins being used in preclinical/clinical trials for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy treatment. A better understanding of its impact on force generation in intact or skinned striated muscle preparations, especially for human cardiac muscle, has been hindered by diffusional barriers. These limitations have been overcome by mechanical experiments using myofibrils subject to perturbations of the contractile environment by sudden solution changes. Here, we characterize the action of mavacamten in human ventricular myofibrils compared with fast skeletal myofibrils from rabbit psoas. Mavacamten had a fast, fully reversible, and dose-dependent negative effect on maximal Ca2+-activated isometric force at 15°C, which can be explained by a sudden decrease in the number of heads functionally available for interaction with actin. It also decreased the kinetics of force development in fast skeletal myofibrils, while it had no effect in human ventricular myofibrils. For both myofibril types, the effects of mavacamten were independent from phosphate in the low-concentration range. Mavacamten did not alter force relaxation of fast skeletal myofibrils, but it significantly accelerated the relaxation of human ventricular myofibrils. Lastly, mavacamten had no effect on resting tension but inhibited the ADP-stimulated force in the absence of Ca2+. Altogether, these effects outline a motor isoform-specific dependence of the inhibitory effect of mavacamten on force generation, which is mediated by a reduction in the availability of strongly actin-binding heads. Mavacamten may thus alter the interplay between thick and thin filament regulation mechanisms of contraction in association with the widely documented drug effect of stabilizing myosin motor heads into autoinhibited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Scellini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Piroddi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marica Dente
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Vitale
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Josè Manuel Pioner
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Raffaele Coppini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Sciences, and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Tesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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27
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Tsui JH, Leonard A, Camp ND, Long JT, Nawas ZY, Chavanachat R, Smith AST, Choi JS, Dong Z, Ahn EH, Wolf-Yadlin A, Murry CE, Sniadecki NJ, Kim DH. Tunable electroconductive decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogels for engineering human cardiac microphysiological systems. Biomaterials 2021; 272:120764. [PMID: 33798964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer tremendous potential when used to engineer human tissues for drug screening and disease modeling; however, phenotypic immaturity reduces assay reliability when translating in vitro results to clinical studies. To address this, we have developed hybrid hydrogels comprised of decellularized porcine myocardial extracellular matrix (dECM) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to provide a more instructive microenvironment for proper cell and tissue development. A tissue-specific protein profile was preserved post-decellularization, and through the modulation of rGO content and degree of reduction, the mechanical and electrical properties of the hydrogels could be tuned. Engineered heart tissues (EHTs) generated using dECM-rGO hydrogel scaffolds and hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes exhibited significantly increased twitch forces and had increased expression of genes that regulate contractile function. Improvements in various aspects of electrophysiological function, such as calcium-handling, action potential duration, and conduction velocity, were also induced by the hybrid biomaterial. dECM-rGO hydrogels could also be used as a bioink to print cardiac tissues in a high-throughput manner, and these tissues were utilized to assess the proarrhythmic potential of cisapride. Action potential prolongation and beat interval irregularities was observed in dECM-rGO tissues at clinical doses of cisapride, indicating that the enhanced electrophysiological function of these tissues corresponded well with a capability to produce physiologically relevant drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Tsui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Andrea Leonard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Nathan D Camp
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Joseph T Long
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Zeid Y Nawas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | | | - Alec S T Smith
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA; Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jong Seob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Zhipeng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Eun Hyun Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Charles E Murry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Nathan J Sniadecki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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28
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Huang Y, Lu H, Ren X, Li F, Bu W, Liu W, Dailey WP, Saeki H, Gabrielson K, Abraham R, Eckenhoff R, Gao WD. Fropofol prevents disease progression in mice with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1175-1185. [PMID: 31424496 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Increased myofilament contractility is recognized as a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Direct myofilament desensitization might be beneficial in preventing HCM disease progression. Here, we tested whether the small molecule fropofol prevents HCM phenotype expression and disease progression by directly depressing myofilament force development. METHODS AND RESULTS Force, intracellular Ca2+, and steady-state activation were determined in isolated trabecular muscles from wild-type (WT) and transgenic HCM mice with heterozygous human α-myosin heavy chain R403Q mutation (αMHC 403/+). αMHC 403/+ HCM mice were treated continuously with fropofol by intraperitoneal infusion for 12 weeks. Heart tissue was analysed with histology and real-time PCR of prohypertrophic and profibrotic genes. Fropofol decreased force in a concentration-dependent manner without significantly altering [Ca2+]i in isolated muscles from both WT and αMHC 403/+ HCM mouse hearts. Fropofol also depressed maximal Ca2+-activated force and increased the [Ca2+]i required for 50% activation during steady-state activation. In whole-animal studies, chronic intra-abdominal administration of fropofol prevented hypertrophy development and diastolic dysfunction. Chronic fropofol treatment also led to attenuation of prohypertrophic and profibrotic gene expression, reductions in cell size, and decreases in tissue fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Direct inhibition of myofilament contraction by fropofol prevents HCM disease phenotypic expression and progression, suggesting that increased myofilament contractile force is the primary trigger for hypertrophy development and HCM disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Haisong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujin, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xianfeng Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghuanyuan East Street, Chaoying District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fazhao Li
- Department of General Surgery, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Weiming Bu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, South China University School of Medicine, 69 Chuanshan Road, Shigu District, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - William P Dailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Harumi Saeki
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, MRB 807, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kathleen Gabrielson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, MRB 807, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Roselle Abraham
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Blvd South, Smith Cardiovascular Research Building, 452K, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Roderic Eckenhoff
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wei Dong Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Zayed Tower 6208, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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29
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Magdy T, Burridge PW. Use of hiPSC to explicate genomic predisposition to anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Pharmacogenomics 2021; 22:41-54. [PMID: 33448871 PMCID: PMC7923254 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The anticancer agents of the anthracycline family are commonly associated with the potential to cause severe toxicity to the heart. To solve the question of why particular a patient is predisposed to anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC), researchers have conducted numerous pharmacogenomic studies and identified more than 60 loci associated with AIC. To date, none of these identified loci have been developed into US FDA-approved biomarkers for use in routine clinical practice. With advances in the application of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, sequencing technologies and genomic editing techniques, variants associated with AIC can now be validated in a human model. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of known genetic variants associated with AIC from the perspective of how human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes can be used to help better explain the genomic predilection to AIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Magdy
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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30
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Nollet EE, Westenbrink BD, de Boer RA, Kuster DWD, van der Velden J. Unraveling the Genotype-Phenotype Relationship in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Obesity-Related Cardiac Defects as a Major Disease Modifier. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e018641. [PMID: 33174505 PMCID: PMC7763714 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiomyopathy and is characterized by asymmetric septal thickening and diastolic dysfunction. More than 1500 mutations in genes encoding sarcomere proteins are associated with HCM. However, the genotype‐phenotype relationship in HCM is incompletely understood and involves modification by additional disease hits. Recent cohort studies identify obesity as a major adverse modifier of disease penetrance, severity, and clinical course. In this review, we provide an overview of these clinical findings. Moreover, we explore putative mechanisms underlying obesity‐induced sensitization and aggravation of the HCM phenotype. We hypothesize obesity‐related stressors to impact on cardiomyocyte structure, metabolism, and homeostasis. These may impair cardiac function by directly acting on the primary mutation‐induced myofilament defects and by independently adding to the total cardiac disease burden. Last, we address important clinical and pharmacological implications of the involvement of obesity in HCM disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar E Nollet
- Department of Physiology Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - B Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Department of Physiology Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam The Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute Utrecht The Netherlands
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Santini L, Palandri C, Nediani C, Cerbai E, Coppini R. Modelling genetic diseases for drug development: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bhagwan JR, Mosqueira D, Chairez-Cantu K, Mannhardt I, Bodbin SE, Bakar M, Smith JGW, Denning C. Isogenic models of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy unveil differential phenotypes and mechanism-driven therapeutics. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 145:43-53. [PMID: 32531470 PMCID: PMC7487780 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a prevalent and complex cardiovascular condition. Despite being strongly associated with genetic alterations, wide variation of disease penetrance, expressivity and hallmarks of progression complicate treatment. We aimed to characterize different human isogenic cellular models of HCM bearing patient-relevant mutations to clarify genetic causation and disease mechanisms, hence facilitating the development of effective therapeutics. METHODS We directly compared the p.β-MHC-R453C and p.ACTC1-E99K HCM-associated mutations in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and their healthy isogenic counterparts, generated using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology. By harnessing several state-of-the-art HCM phenotyping techniques, these mutations were investigated to identify similarities and differences in disease progression and hypertrophic signaling pathways, towards establishing potential targets for pharmacological treatment. CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in of the genetically-encoded calcium indicator R-GECO1.0 to the AAVS1 locus into these disease models resulted in calcium reporter lines. RESULTS Confocal line scan analysis identified calcium transient arrhythmias and intracellular calcium overload in both models. The use of optogenetics and 2D/3D contractility assays revealed opposing phenotypes in the two mutations. Gene expression analysis highlighted upregulation of CALM1, CASQ2 and CAMK2D, and downregulation of IRF8 in p.β-MHC-R453C mutants, whereas the opposite changes were detected in p.ACTC1-E99K mutants. Contrasting profiles of nuclear translocation of NFATc1 and MEF2 between the two HCM models suggest differential hypertrophic signaling pathway activation. Calcium transient abnormalities were rescued with combination of dantrolene and ranolazine, whilst mavacamten reduced the hyper-contractile phenotype of p.ACTC1-E99K hiPSC-CMs. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that hypercontractility and molecular signaling within HCM are not uniform between different gene mutations, suggesting that a 'one-size fits all' treatment underestimates the complexity of the disease. Understanding where the similarities (arrhythmogenesis, bioenergetics) and differences (contractility, molecular profile) lie will allow development of therapeutics that are directed towards common mechanisms or tailored to each disease variant, hence providing effective patient-specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Bhagwan
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Diogo Mosqueira
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Karolina Chairez-Cantu
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ingra Mannhardt
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sara E Bodbin
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mine Bakar
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - James G W Smith
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia,NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Chris Denning
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Blair CA, Pruitt BL. Mechanobiology Assays with Applications in Cardiomyocyte Biology and Cardiotoxicity. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901656. [PMID: 32270928 PMCID: PMC7480481 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are the motor units that drive the contraction and relaxation of the heart. Traditionally, testing of drugs for cardiotoxic effects has relied on primary cardiomyocytes from animal models and focused on short-term, electrophysiological, and arrhythmogenic effects. However, primary cardiomyocytes present challenges arising from their limited viability in culture, and tissue from animal models suffers from a mismatch in their physiology to that of human heart muscle. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) can address these challenges. They also offer the potential to study not only electrophysiological effects but also changes in cardiomyocyte contractile and mechanical function in response to cardiotoxic drugs. With growing recognition of the long-term cardiotoxic effects of some drugs on subcellular structure and function, there is increasing interest in using hiPSC-CMs for in vitro cardiotoxicity studies. This review provides a brief overview of techniques that can be used to quantify changes in the active force that cardiomyocytes generate and variations in their inherent stiffness in response to cardiotoxic drugs. It concludes by discussing the application of these tools in understanding how cardiotoxic drugs directly impact the mechanobiology of cardiomyocytes and how cardiomyocytes sense and respond to mechanical load at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheavar A. Blair
- Department of mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Beth L. Pruitt
- Department of mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Tsukamoto O. Direct Sarcomere Modulators Are Promising New Treatments for Cardiomyopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010226. [PMID: 31905684 PMCID: PMC6982115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in sarcomere genes can cause both hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the complex genotype-phenotype relationships in pathophysiology of cardiomyopathies by gene or mutation location are not fully understood. In addition, it is still unclear how mutations within same molecule result in different clinical phenotypes such as HCM and DCM. To clarify how the initial functional insult caused by a subtle change in one protein component of the sarcomere with a given mutation is critical for the development of proper effective treatments for cardiomyopathies. Fortunately, recent technological advances and the development of direct sarcomere modulators have provided a more detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern the effects of specific mutations. The direct inhibition of sarcomere contractility may be able to suppress the development and progression of HCM with hypercontractile mutations and improve clinical parameters in patients with HCM. On the other hand, direct activation of sarcomere contractility appears to exert unexpected beneficial effects such as reverse remodeling and lower heart rate without increasing adverse cardiovascular events in patients with systolic heart failure due to DCM. Direct sarcomere modulators that can positively influence the natural history of cardiomyopathies represent promising treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Tsukamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; ; Tel.: +81-6-6879-3492
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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35
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Mosqueira D, Mannhardt I, Bhagwan JR, Lis-Slimak K, Katili P, Scott E, Hassan M, Prondzynski M, Harmer SC, Tinker A, Smith JGW, Carrier L, Williams PM, Gaffney D, Eschenhagen T, Hansen A, Denning C. CRISPR/Cas9 editing in human pluripotent stem cell-cardiomyocytes highlights arrhythmias, hypocontractility, and energy depletion as potential therapeutic targets for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2019; 39:3879-3892. [PMID: 29741611 PMCID: PMC6234851 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Sarcomeric gene mutations frequently underlie hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a prevalent and complex condition leading to left ventricle thickening and heart dysfunction. We evaluated isogenic genome-edited human pluripotent stem cell-cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CM) for their validity to model, and add clarity to, HCM. Methods and results CRISPR/Cas9 editing produced 11 variants of the HCM-causing mutation c.C9123T-MYH7 [(p.R453C-β-myosin heavy chain (MHC)] in 3 independent hPSC lines. Isogenic sets were differentiated to hPSC-CMs for high-throughput, non-subjective molecular and functional assessment using 12 approaches in 2D monolayers and/or 3D engineered heart tissues. Although immature, edited hPSC-CMs exhibited the main hallmarks of HCM (hypertrophy, multi-nucleation, hypertrophic marker expression, sarcomeric disarray). Functional evaluation supported the energy depletion model due to higher metabolic respiration activity, accompanied by abnormalities in calcium handling, arrhythmias, and contraction force. Partial phenotypic rescue was achieved with ranolazine but not omecamtiv mecarbil, while RNAseq highlighted potentially novel molecular targets. Conclusion Our holistic and comprehensive approach showed that energy depletion affected core cardiomyocyte functionality. The engineered R453C-βMHC-mutation triggered compensatory responses in hPSC-CMs, causing increased ATP production and αMHC to energy-efficient βMHC switching. We showed that pharmacological rescue of arrhythmias was possible, while MHY7: MYH6 and mutant: wild-type MYH7 ratios may be diagnostic, and previously undescribed lncRNAs and gene modifiers are suggestive of new mechanisms. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Mosqueira
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Ingra Mannhardt
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jamie R Bhagwan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Katarzyna Lis-Slimak
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Puspita Katili
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Elizabeth Scott
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Mustafa Hassan
- The Heart Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Maksymilian Prondzynski
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen C Harmer
- The Heart Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Andrew Tinker
- The Heart Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - James G W Smith
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philip M Williams
- Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation. School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Daniel Gaffney
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chris Denning
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
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van der Velden J, Tocchetti CG, Varricchi G, Bianco A, Sequeira V, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Hamdani N, Leite-Moreira AF, Mayr M, Falcão-Pires I, Thum T, Dawson DK, Balligand JL, Heymans S. Metabolic changes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathies: scientific update from the Working Group of Myocardial Function of the European Society of Cardiology. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1273-1280. [PMID: 29912308 PMCID: PMC6054261 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed metabolism as a consequence of obesity and diabetes may cause cardiac diseases (recently highlighted in the cardiovascular research spotlight issue on metabolic cardiomyopathies).1 In turn, the metabolism of the heart may also be disturbed in genetic and acquired forms of hypertrophic cardiac disease. Herein, we provide an overview of recent insights on metabolic changes in genetic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and discuss several therapies, which may be explored to target disturbed metabolism and prevent onset of cardiac hypertrophy. This article is part of the Mini Review Series from the Varenna 2017 meeting of the Working Group of Myocardial Function of the European Society of Cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo G Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, NA, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, NA, Italy
| | - Anna Bianco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, NA, Italy.,Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center & CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Systems Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Adelino F Leite-Moreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Mayr
- The James Black Centre & King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ines Falcão-Pires
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,REBIRTH Excellence Cluster, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dana K Dawson
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), and Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center & CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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37
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Dorsch LM, Schuldt M, dos Remedios CG, Schinkel AFL, de Jong PL, Michels M, Kuster DWD, Brundel BJJM, van der Velden J. Protein Quality Control Activation and Microtubule Remodeling in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2019; 8:E741. [PMID: 31323898 PMCID: PMC6678711 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disorder. It is mainly caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomere proteins. Mutant forms of these highly abundant proteins likely stress the protein quality control (PQC) system of cardiomyocytes. The PQC system, together with a functional microtubule network, maintains proteostasis. We compared left ventricular (LV) tissue of nine donors (controls) with 38 sarcomere mutation-positive (HCMSMP) and 14 sarcomere mutation-negative (HCMSMN) patients to define HCM and mutation-specific changes in PQC. Mutations in HCMSMP result in poison polypeptides or reduced protein levels (haploinsufficiency, HI). The main findings were 1) several key PQC players were more abundant in HCM compared to controls, 2) after correction for sex and age, stabilizing heat shock protein (HSP)B1, and refolding, HSPD1 and HSPA2 were increased in HCMSMP compared to controls, 3) α-tubulin and acetylated α-tubulin levels were higher in HCM compared to controls, especially in HCMHI, 4) myosin-binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) levels were inversely correlated with α-tubulin, and 5) α-tubulin levels correlated with acetylated α-tubulin and HSPs. Overall, carrying a mutation affects PQC and α-tubulin acetylation. The haploinsufficiency of cMyBP-C may trigger HSPs and α-tubulin acetylation. Our study indicates that proliferation of the microtubular network may represent a novel pathomechanism in cMyBP-C haploinsufficiency-mediated HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa M Dorsch
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maike Schuldt
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cristobal G dos Remedios
- Sydney Heart Bank, Discipline of Anatomy, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Arend F L Schinkel
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L de Jong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Michels
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, 3511 EP Utrecht, The Netherlands
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38
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Mosqueira D, Smith JGW, Bhagwan JR, Denning C. Modeling Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Mechanistic Insights and Pharmacological Intervention. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:775-790. [PMID: 31324451 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a prevalent and complex cardiovascular disease where cardiac dysfunction often associates with mutations in sarcomeric genes. Various models based on tissue explants, isolated cardiomyocytes, skinned myofibrils, and purified actin/myosin preparations have uncovered disease hallmarks, enabling the development of putative therapeutics, with some reaching clinical trials. Newly developed human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based models could be complementary by overcoming some of the inconsistencies of earlier systems, whilst challenging and/or clarifying previous findings. In this article we compare recent progress in unveiling multiple HCM mechanisms in different models, highlighting similarities and discrepancies. We explore how insight is facilitating the design of new HCM therapeutics, including those that regulate metabolism, contraction and heart rhythm, providing a future perspective for treatment of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Mosqueira
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - James G W Smith
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Jamie R Bhagwan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chris Denning
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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39
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Nijenkamp LLAM, Bollen IAE, van Velzen HG, Regan JA, van Slegtenhorst M, Niessen HWM, Schinkel AFL, Krüger M, Poggesi C, Ho CY, Kuster DWD, Michels M, van der Velden J. Sex Differences at the Time of Myectomy in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 11:e004133. [PMID: 29853478 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.117.004133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the first clinically detectable alterations in heart function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a decline in diastolic function. Diastolic dysfunction is caused by changes in intrinsic properties of cardiomyocytes or an increase in fibrosis. We investigated whether clinical and cellular parameters of diastolic function are different between male and female patients with HCM at the time of myectomy. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac tissue from the interventricular septum of patients with HCM (27 women and 44 men) was obtained during myectomy preceded by echocardiography. At myectomy, female patients were 7 years older than male patients and showed more advanced diastolic dysfunction than men evident from significantly higher values for E/e' ratio, left ventricular filling pattern, tricuspid regurgitation velocity, and left atrial diameter indexed for body surface. Whereas most male patients (56%) showed mild (grade I) diastolic dysfunction, 50% of female patients showed grade III diastolic dysfunction. Passive tension in HCM cardiomyocytes was comparable with controls, and myofilament calcium sensitivity was higher in HCM compared with controls, but no sex differences were observed in myofilament function. In female patients with HCM, titin was more compliant, and more fibrosis was present compared with men. Differences between female and male patients with HCM remained significant after correction for age. CONCLUSIONS Female patients with HCM are older at the time of myectomy and show greater impairment of diastolic function. Furthermore, left ventricular and left atrial remodeling is increased in women when corrected for body surface area. At a cellular level, HCM women showed increased compliant titin and a larger degree of interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilse A E Bollen
- Department of Physiology (L.L.A.M.N., I.A.E.B., J.A.R., D.W.D.K., J.v.d.V.)
| | - Hannah G van Velzen
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Department of Cardiology (H.G.v.V., A.F.L.S., M.M.)
| | - Jessica A Regan
- Department of Physiology (L.L.A.M.N., I.A.E.B., J.A.R., D.W.D.K., J.v.d.V.)
| | | | - Hans W M Niessen
- Department of Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (H.W.M.N.)
| | - Arend F L Schinkel
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Department of Cardiology (H.G.v.V., A.F.L.S., M.M.)
| | - Martina Krüger
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy (C.P.)
| | - Carolyn Y Ho
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.Y.H.)
| | | | - Michelle Michels
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Department of Cardiology (H.G.v.V., A.F.L.S., M.M.)
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology (L.L.A.M.N., I.A.E.B., J.A.R., D.W.D.K., J.v.d.V.) .,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (J.v.d.V.)
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40
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Li A, Lal S, Dos Remedios CG. A step towards understanding the molecular nature of human heart failure: advances using the Sydney Heart Bank collection. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:241-244. [PMID: 30891671 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Li
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sean Lal
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Bailey KE, MacGowan GA, Tual-Chalot S, Phillips L, Mohun TJ, Henderson DJ, Arthur HM, Bamforth SD, Phillips HM. Disruption of embryonic ROCK signaling reproduces the sarcomeric phenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. JCI Insight 2019; 5:125172. [PMID: 30835717 PMCID: PMC6538384 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomeric disarray is a hallmark of gene mutations in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, it is unknown when detrimental sarcomeric changes first occur and whether they originate in the developing embryonic heart. Furthermore, Rho kinase (ROCK) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is critical for regulating the function of several sarcomeric proteins, and therefore, our aim was to determine whether disruption of ROCK signaling during the earliest stages of heart development would disrupt the integrity of sarcomeres, altering heart development and function. Using a mouse model in which the function of ROCK is specifically disrupted in embryonic cardiomyocytes, we demonstrate a progressive cardiomyopathy that first appeared as sarcomeric disarray during cardiogenesis. This led to abnormalities in the structure of the embryonic ventricular wall and compensatory cardiomyocyte hypertrophy during fetal development. This sarcomeric disruption and hypertrophy persisted throughout adult life, triggering left ventricular concentric hypertrophy with systolic dysfunction, and reactivation of fetal gene expression and cardiac fibrosis, all typical features of HCM. Taken together, our findings establish a mechanism for the developmental origin of the sarcomeric phenotype of HCM and suggest that variants in the ROCK genes or disruption of ROCK signaling could, in part, contribute to its pathogenesis. Disruption of ROCK activity in embryonic cardiomyocytes revealed a developmental origin for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Bailey
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Guy A MacGowan
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Tual-Chalot
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Phillips
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Deborah J Henderson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M Arthur
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Simon D Bamforth
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M Phillips
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Five-year prognostic significance of global longitudinal strain in individuals with a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy gene mutation without hypertrophic changes. Neth Heart J 2019; 27:117-126. [PMID: 30680638 PMCID: PMC6393574 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-019-1226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have reported that global longitudinal strain (GLS) is reduced in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) while left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is normal. Our aim was to assess GLS in individuals with HCM mutations without hypertrophic changes and to determine its prognostic value for the development of HCM. Methods and results This retrospective case-control and cohort study included 120 HCM mutation carriers and 110 controls. GLS and LVEF were assessed with Tomtec Imaging software. Age, gender, and body surface area were similar in mutation carriers and controls. Compared to controls, mutation carriers had a higher maximal wall thickness (9 ± 2 vs 8 ± 2 mm, p < 0.001), higher LVEF (60 ± 5 vs 58 ± 4%, p < 0.001) and higher GLS (−21.4 ± 2.3% vs −20.3 ± 2.2%, p < 0.001). The GLS difference was observed in the mid-left ventricle (−21.5 ± 2.5% vs −19.9 ± 2.5%, p < 0.001) and the apex (−24.1 ± 3.5% vs −22.1 ± 3.4%, p < 0.001), but not in the base of the left ventricle (−20.0 ± 3.3% vs −20.0 ± 2.6%, p = 0.9). Echocardiographic follow-up was performed in 80 mutation carriers. During 5.6 ± 2.9 years’ follow-up, 13 (16%) mutation carriers developed HCM. Cox regression analysis showed age (hazard ratio (HR) 1.08, p = 0.01), pathological Q wave (HR 8.56; p = 0.01), and maximal wall thickness (HR 1.94; p = 0.01) to be independent predictors of the development of HCM. GLS was not predictive of the development of HCM (HR 0.78, p = 0.07). Conclusion GLS is increased in HCM mutation carriers without hypertrophic changes. GLS was of no clear prognostic value for the development of HCM during follow-up, in contrast to age, pathological Q waves and maximal wall thickness. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12471-019-1226-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Piroddi N, Witjas-Paalberends ER, Ferrara C, Ferrantini C, Vitale G, Scellini B, Wijnker PJM, Sequiera V, Dooijes D, Dos Remedios C, Schlossarek S, Leung MC, Messer A, Ward DG, Biggeri A, Tesi C, Carrier L, Redwood CS, Marston SB, van der Velden J, Poggesi C. The homozygous K280N troponin T mutation alters cross-bridge kinetics and energetics in human HCM. J Gen Physiol 2018; 151:18-29. [PMID: 30578328 PMCID: PMC6314385 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is caused by mutations in sarcomeric proteins, but the pathogenic mechanism is unclear. Piroddi et al. find impairment of cross-bridge kinetics and energetics in human sarcomeres with a TNNT2 mutation, suggesting that HCM involves inefficient ATP utilization. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic form of left ventricular hypertrophy, primarily caused by mutations in sarcomere proteins. The cardiac remodeling that occurs as the disease develops can mask the pathogenic impact of the mutation. Here, to discriminate between mutation-induced and disease-related changes in myofilament function, we investigate the pathogenic mechanisms underlying HCM in a patient carrying a homozygous mutation (K280N) in the cardiac troponin T gene (TNNT2), which results in 100% mutant cardiac troponin T. We examine sarcomere mechanics and energetics in K280N-isolated myofibrils and demembranated muscle strips, before and after replacement of the endogenous troponin. We also compare these data to those of control preparations from donor hearts, aortic stenosis patients (LVHao), and HCM patients negative for sarcomeric protein mutations (HCMsmn). The rate constant of tension generation following maximal Ca2+ activation (kACT) and the rate constant of isometric relaxation (slow kREL) are markedly faster in K280N myofibrils than in all control groups. Simultaneous measurements of maximal isometric ATPase activity and Ca2+-activated tension in demembranated muscle strips also demonstrate that the energy cost of tension generation is higher in the K280N than in all controls. Replacement of mutant protein by exchange with wild-type troponin in the K280N preparations reduces kACT, slow kREL, and tension cost close to control values. In donor myofibrils and HCMsmn demembranated strips, replacement of endogenous troponin with troponin containing the K280N mutant increases kACT, slow kREL, and tension cost. The K280N TNNT2 mutation directly alters the apparent cross-bridge kinetics and impairs sarcomere energetics. This result supports the hypothesis that inefficient ATP utilization by myofilaments plays a central role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Piroddi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - E Rosalie Witjas-Paalberends
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Claudia Ferrara
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy.,LENS, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Vitale
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Scellini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Paul J M Wijnker
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vasco Sequiera
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dennis Dooijes
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cristobal Dos Remedios
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Saskia Schlossarek
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Man Ching Leung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, England, UK
| | - Andrew Messer
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, England, UK
| | - Douglas G Ward
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Chiara Tesi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Steven B Marston
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, England, UK
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands.,ICIN-Netherlands, Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy .,LENS, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Florence, Italy
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Schubert J, Tariq M, Geddes G, Kindel S, Miller EM, Ware SM. Novel pathogenic variants in filamin C identified in pediatric restrictive cardiomyopathy. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:2083-2096. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Schubert
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology, and Biochemistry; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati Ohio
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical and Molecular Genetics; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Faculty of Applied Medical Science; University of Tabuk; Tabuk Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gabrielle Geddes
- Department of Pediatrics; Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Steven Kindel
- Department of Pediatrics; Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Erin M. Miller
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Stephanie M. Ware
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical and Molecular Genetics; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana
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45
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Eschenhagen T, Carrier L. Cardiomyopathy phenotypes in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes-a systematic review. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:755-768. [PMID: 30324321 PMCID: PMC6475632 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) can be differentiated to cardiomyocytes at high efficiency and are increasingly used to study cardiac disease in a human context. This review evaluated 38 studies on hypertrophic (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) of different genetic causes asking to which extent published data allow the definition of an in vitro HCM/DCM hiPSC-CM phenotype. The data are put in context with the prevailing hypotheses on HCM/DCM dysfunction and pathophysiology. Relatively consistent findings in HCM not reported in DCM were larger cell size (156 ± 85%, n = 15), more nuclear localization of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT; 175 ± 65%, n = 3), and higher β-myosin heavy chain gene expression levels (500 ± 547%, n = 8) than respective controls. Conversely, DCM lines showed consistently less force development than controls (47 ± 23%, n = 9), while HCM forces scattered without clear trend. Both HCM and DCM lines often showed sarcomere disorganization, higher NPPA/NPPB expression levels, and arrhythmic beating behaviour. The data have to be taken with the caveat that reporting frequencies of the various parameters (e.g. cell size, NFAT expression) differ widely between HCM and DCM lines, in which data scatter is large and that only 9/38 studies used isogenic controls. Taken together, the current data provide interesting suggestions for disease-specific phenotypes in HCM/DCM hiPSC-CM but indicate that the field is still in its early days. Systematic, quantitative comparisons and robust, high content assays are warranted to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg, Germany.
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46
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy R403Q mutation in rabbit β-myosin reduces contractile function at the molecular and myofibrillar levels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:11238-11243. [PMID: 30322937 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802967115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1990, the Seidmans showed that a single point mutation, R403Q, in the human β-myosin heavy chain (MHC) of heart muscle caused a particularly malignant form of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) [Geisterfer-Lowrance AA, et al. (1990) Cell 62:999-1006.]. Since then, more than 300 mutations in the β-MHC have been reported, and yet there remains a poor understanding of how a single missense mutation in the MYH7 gene can lead to heart disease. Previous studies with a transgenic mouse model showed that the myosin phenotype depended on whether the mutation was in an α- or β-MHC backbone. This led to the generation of a transgenic rabbit model with the R403Q mutation in a β-MHC backbone. We find that the in vitro motility of heterodimeric R403Q myosin is markedly reduced, whereas the actin-activated ATPase activity of R403Q subfragment-1 is about the same as myosin from a nontransgenic littermate. Single myofibrils isolated from the ventricles of R403Q transgenic rabbits and analyzed by atomic force microscopy showed reduced rates of force development and relaxation, and achieved a significantly lower steady-state level of isometric force compared with nontransgenic myofibrils. Myofibrils isolated from the soleus gave similar results. The force-velocity relationship determined for R403Q ventricular myofibrils showed a decrease in the velocity of shortening under load, resulting in a diminished power output. We conclude that independent of whether experiments are performed with isolated molecules or with ordered molecules in the native thick filament of a myofibril, there is a loss-of-function induced by the R403Q mutation in β-cardiac myosin.
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47
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Li L, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Zhang J, Wang X, Ren J, Jia J, Zhang D, Jiang X, Zhang J, Mei H, Chen B, Hu J, Huang Y. Microtubule associated protein 4 phosphorylation leads to pathological cardiac remodeling in mice. EBioMedicine 2018; 37:221-235. [PMID: 30327268 PMCID: PMC6286641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac remodeling is a pathophysiological process that involves various changes in heart, including cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Cardiac remodeling following pathological stimuli is common trigger leading to cardiac maladaptation and onset of heart failure, and their pathogenesis remains unclear. Methods Heart specimens of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients, myocardial infarction (MI) and transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mouse models were collected to determine changes of microtubule associated protein 4 (MAP4) phosphorylation. MAP4 (S667A, S737E and S760E) knock in (MAP4 KI) mouse and cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes or fibroblasts were used to investigate changes of cardiac phenotypes and possible mechanisms with a variety of approaches, including functional, histocytological and pathological observations. Findings Elevated cardiac phosphorylation of MAP4 (S737 and S760) was observed in TOF patients, MI and TAC mouse models. In MAP4 KI mice, age-dependent cardiac phenotypes, including cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, diastolic and systolic dysfunction were observed. In addition, increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis together with microtubule disassembly and mitochondrial translocation of phosphorylated MAP4 was detected prior to the onset of cardiac remodeling, and p38/MAPK was demonstrated to be the possible signaling pathway that mediated MAP4 (S737 and S760) phosphorylation. Interpretation Our data reveal for the first time that MAP4 drives pathological cardiac remodeling through its phosphorylation. These findings bear the therapeutic potential to ameliorate pathological cardiac remodeling by attenuating MAP4 phosphorylation. Fund This work was supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81430042) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81671913).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Li
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xingyue Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Jiezhi Jia
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dongxia Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xupin Jiang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Plastic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Mei
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, CT, USA
| | - Bing Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiongyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Endocrinology Department, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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48
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Vikhorev PG, Vikhoreva NN. Cardiomyopathies and Related Changes in Contractility of Human Heart Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082234. [PMID: 30065175 PMCID: PMC6121228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
About half of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies cases have been recognized as genetic diseases with mutations in sarcomeric proteins. The sarcomeric proteins are involved in cardiomyocyte contractility and its regulation, and play a structural role. Mutations in non-sarcomeric proteins may induce changes in cell signaling pathways that modify contractile response of heart muscle. These facts strongly suggest that contractile dysfunction plays a central role in initiation and progression of cardiomyopathies. In fact, abnormalities in contractile mechanics of myofibrils have been discovered. However, it has not been revealed how these mutations increase risk for cardiomyopathy and cause the disease. Much research has been done and still much is being done to understand how the mechanism works. Here, we review the facts of cardiac myofilament contractility in patients with cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr G Vikhorev
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Natalia N Vikhoreva
- Heart Science Centre, Magdi Yacoub Institute, Harefield Hospital, London UB9 6JH, UK.
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49
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Dabaj I, Carlier RY, Gómez‐Andrés D, Neto OA, Bertini E, D'amico A, Fattori F, PéRéon Y, Castiglioni C, Rodillo E, Catteruccia M, Guimarães JB, Oliveira ASB, Reed UC, Mesrob L, Lechner D, Boland A, Deleuze J, Malfatti E, Bonnemann C, Laporte J, Romero N, Felter A, Quijano‐Roy S, Moreno CAM, Zanoteli E. Clinical and imaging hallmarks of the
MYH7
‐related myopathy with severe axial involvement. Muscle Nerve 2018; 58:224-234. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.26137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Dabaj
- APHP, Service de Pediatrie, Pôle Neuro‐locomoteur, Hôpital Universitaire Raymond Poincaré‐Garches, Centre de Reference de Maladies Neuromusculaires Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France
| | - Robert Y Carlier
- APHP, Service d'Imagerie Médicale, Pôle Neuro‐locomoteur, Hôpital Universitaire Raymond Poincaré‐Garches; Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, UMR 1179 Université Paris Saclay France
| | - David Gómez‐Andrés
- Child Neurology Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, ERN‐RND / ERN‐NMD. Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, SpainBarcelona Spain
| | - Osório Abath Neto
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetics Disorders of Childhood Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIHBethesda Maryland USA
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesú Children's HospitalRome Italy
| | - Adele D'amico
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesú Children's HospitalRome Italy
| | - Fabiana Fattori
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesú Children's HospitalRome Italy
| | - Yann PéRéon
- APHP, Service d'Imagerie Médicale, Pôle Neuro‐locomoteur, Hôpital Universitaire Raymond Poincaré‐Garches; Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, UMR 1179 Université Paris Saclay France
- Centre de reference de maladies neuromusculaires Nantes‐Angers, Hôtel‐Dieu, CHU Nantes France
| | | | - Eliana Rodillo
- Department of Pediatric, Neurology UnitClínica Las CondesSantiago Chile
| | - Michela Catteruccia
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesú Children's HospitalRome Italy
| | | | | | - Umbertina Conti Reed
- Departamento de NeurologiaFaculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP)São Paulo Brazil
| | - Lilia Mesrob
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEAEvry France
| | - Doris Lechner
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEAEvry France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEAEvry France
| | | | - Edoardo Malfatti
- APHP, Service d'Imagerie Médicale, Pôle Neuro‐locomoteur, Hôpital Universitaire Raymond Poincaré‐Garches; Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, UMR 1179 Université Paris Saclay France
- Laboratoire de Pathologie musculaire, Institut de MyologieParis France
| | - Carsten Bonnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetics Disorders of Childhood Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIHBethesda Maryland USA
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104University of StrasbourgIllkirch France
| | - Norma Romero
- APHP, Service d'Imagerie Médicale, Pôle Neuro‐locomoteur, Hôpital Universitaire Raymond Poincaré‐Garches; Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, UMR 1179 Université Paris Saclay France
- Laboratoire de Pathologie musculaire, Institut de MyologieParis France
| | - Adrien Felter
- APHP, Service d'Imagerie Médicale, Pôle Neuro‐locomoteur, Hôpital Universitaire Raymond Poincaré‐Garches; Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, UMR 1179 Université Paris Saclay France
| | - Susana Quijano‐Roy
- APHP, Service de Pediatrie, Pôle Neuro‐locomoteur, Hôpital Universitaire Raymond Poincaré‐Garches, Centre de Reference de Maladies Neuromusculaires Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France
| | | | - Edmar Zanoteli
- Departamento de NeurologiaFaculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP)São Paulo Brazil
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50
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Montag J, Kowalski K, Makul M, Ernstberger P, Radocaj A, Beck J, Becker E, Tripathi S, Keyser B, Mühlfeld C, Wissel K, Pich A, van der Velden J, Dos Remedios CG, Perrot A, Francino A, Navarro-López F, Brenner B, Kraft T. Burst-Like Transcription of Mutant and Wildtype MYH7-Alleles as Possible Origin of Cell-to-Cell Contractile Imbalance in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2018; 9:359. [PMID: 29686627 PMCID: PMC5900384 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) has been related to many different mutations in more than 20 different, mostly sarcomeric proteins. While development of the HCM-phenotype is thought to be triggered by the different mutations, a common mechanism remains elusive. Studying missense-mutations in the ventricular beta-myosin heavy chain (β-MyHC, MYH7) we hypothesized that significant contractile heterogeneity exists among individual cardiomyocytes of HCM-patients that results from cell-to-cell variation in relative expression of mutated vs. wildtype β-MyHC. To test this hypothesis, we measured force-calcium-relationships of cardiomyocytes isolated from myocardium of heterozygous HCM-patients with either β-MyHC-mutation Arg723Gly or Arg200Val, and from healthy controls. From the myocardial samples of the HCM-patients we also obtained cryo-sections, and laser-microdissected single cardiomyocytes for quantification of mutated vs. wildtype MYH7-mRNA using a single cell RT-qPCR and restriction digest approach. We characterized gene transcription by visualizing active transcription sites by fluorescence in situ hybridization of intronic and exonic sequences of MYH7-pre-mRNA. For both mutations, cardiomyocytes showed large cell-to-cell variation in Ca++-sensitivity. Interestingly, some cardiomyocytes were essentially indistinguishable from controls what might indicate that they had no mutant β-MyHC while others had highly reduced Ca++-sensitivity suggesting substantial fractions of mutant β-MyHC. Single-cell MYH7-mRNA-quantification in cardiomyocytes of the same patients revealed high cell-to-cell variability of mutated vs. wildtype mRNA, ranging from essentially pure mutant to essentially pure wildtype MYH7-mRNA. We found 27% of nuclei without active transcription sites which is inconsistent with continuous gene transcription but suggests burst-like transcription of MYH7. Model simulations indicated that burst-like, stochastic on/off-switching of MYH7 transcription, which is independent for mutant and wildtype alleles, could generate the observed cell-to-cell variation in the fraction of mutant vs. wildtype MYH7-mRNA, a similar variation in β-MyHC-protein, and highly heterogeneous Ca++-sensitivity of individual cardiomyocytes. In the long run, such contractile imbalance in the myocardium may well induce progressive structural distortions like cellular and myofibrillar disarray and interstitial fibrosis, as they are typically observed in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Montag
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kowalski
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mirza Makul
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pia Ernstberger
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ante Radocaj
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Beck
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Edgar Becker
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Snigdha Tripathi
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Keyser
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Mühlfeld
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kirsten Wissel
- Clinic for Laryngology, Rhinology and Otology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Pich
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Andreas Perrot
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Francino
- Hospital Clinic/IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Bernhard Brenner
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Theresia Kraft
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover, Germany
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