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Li Y, Yang E, Geng Y, Li M, Wang X, Zhang D. TFEB regulates the odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells by promoting a positive feedback loop between mitophagy and glycolysis. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 160:105909. [PMID: 38309196 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the regulatory effect of transcription factor EB (TFEB) on the odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs) in vivo and in vitro. DESIGNS RNA-seq was used to detect differentially expressed genes in differentiated DPSCs. Lysosomes and the expression of the related gene TFEB were examined in DPSCs. DPSCs were then transfected with lentivirus for TFEB-overexpression. Cell proliferation was detected using CCK-8 and EdU assays, while cell differentiation was detected using ALP and ARS detection kits. Subsequently, mitophagy and cell metabolism were examined using TEM and Seahorse. An odontoblastic differentiation model was constructed subcutaneously in nude mice. Finally, the effects of glycolysis and mitophagy inhibitors were evaluated on odontoblastic differentiation and the associated mechanisms were explored. RESULTS TFEB overexpression promoted a significant increase in ALP activity and the expression of differentiation-related genes in DPSCs, while it inhibited cell proliferation. In vivo, TFEB overexpression caused higher bone volume/trabecular volume(BV/TV), and an increase in collagen formation and heightened DMP-1 expression. Furthermore, Seahorse flux analysis demonstrated that TFEB promoted metabolic reprogramming. Transmission electron microscope(TEM) results indicated an increase in mitochondrial autophagosomes after TFEB overexpression, and the expression of mitophagy-related genes was also elevated. The odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs promoted by TFEB overexpression was suppressed after the addition of 2-DG and Midiv-1. Addition of Midiv-1 reduced the glycolytic rate of DPSCs, while addition of 2-DG also decreased the mitophagy level of the cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that TFEB promoted the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs and identified mitophagy and metabolic reprogramming as a positive feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Enli Yang
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yiming Geng
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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2
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Luo G, Wosinski P, Salazar-Noratto GE, Bensidhoum M, Bizios R, Marashi SA, Potier E, Sheng P, Petite H. Glucose Metabolism: Optimizing Regenerative Functionalities of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Postimplantation. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2023; 29:47-61. [PMID: 35754335 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are considered promising candidates for regenerative medicine applications. Their clinical performance postimplantation, however, has been disappointing. This lack of therapeutic efficacy is most likely due to suboptimal formulations of MSC-containing material constructs. Tissue engineers, therefore, have developed strategies addressing/incorporating optimized cell, microenvironmental, biochemical, and biophysical cues/stimuli to enhance MSC-containing construct performance. Such approaches have had limited success because they overlooked that maintenance of MSC viability after implantation for a sufficient time is necessary for MSCs to develop their regenerative functionalities fully. Following a brief overview of glucose metabolism and regulation in MSCs, the present literature review includes recent pertinent findings that challenge old paradigms and notions. We hereby report that glucose is the primary energy substrate for MSCs, provides precursors for biomass generation, and regulates MSC functions, including proliferation and immunosuppressive properties. More importantly, glucose metabolism is central in controlling in vitro MSC expansion, in vivo MSC viability, and MSC-mediated angiogenesis postimplantation when addressing MSC-based therapies. Meanwhile, in silico models are highlighted for predicting the glucose needs of MSCs in specific regenerative medicine settings, which will eventually enable tissue engineers to design viable and potent tissue constructs. This new knowledge should be incorporated into developing novel effective MSC-based therapies. Impact statement The clinical use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been unsatisfactory due to the inability of MSCs to survive and be functional after implantation for sufficient periods to mediate directly or indirectly a successful regenerative tissue response. The present review summarizes the endeavors in the past, but, most importantly, reports the latest findings that elucidate underlying mechanisms and identify glucose metabolism as the crucial parameter in MSC survival and the subsequent functions pertinent to new tissue formation of importance in tissue regeneration applications. These latest findings justify further basic research and the impetus for developing new strategies to improve the modalities and efficacy of MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotian Luo
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, Paris, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, B3OA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pauline Wosinski
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, Paris, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, B3OA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Giuliana E Salazar-Noratto
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, Paris, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, B3OA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, Paris, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, B3OA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Rena Bizios
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Sayed-Amir Marashi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esther Potier
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, Paris, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, B3OA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Puyi Sheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hervé Petite
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, Paris, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, B3OA, Maisons-Alfort, France
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3
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Abdallah BM, Alzahrani AM. A-769662 stimulates the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts via AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism. J Appl Biomed 2021; 19:159-169. [PMID: 34907759 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2021.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling shows an important role in energy metabolism and has recently been involved in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. In this study we aimed to investigate the role of AMPK activator, A-769662, in regulating the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow (BMSCs) into osteoblastic and adipocytic cell lineage. The effect of A-769662 on osteogenesis was assessed by quantitative alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, matrix mineralization stained with Alizarin red, and gene expression analysis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Adipogenesis was determined by Oil Red O staining for fat droplets and qPCR analysis of adipogenic markers. A-769662 activated the phosphorylation of AMPKα1 during the osteogenesis of mBMSCs as revealed by western blot analysis. A-769662 promoted the early stage of the commitment of mouse (m) BMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts, while inhibiting their differentiation into adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of A-769662 on stimulating osteogenesis and inhibiting adipogenesis of mBMSCs were significantly eliminated in the presence of either AMPKα1 siRNA or Compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK pathway. In conclusion, we identified A-769662 as a new compound that promotes the commitment of BMSCs into osteoblasts versus adipocytes via AMPK-dependent mechanism. Thus our data show A-769662 as a potential osteo-anabolic drug for treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah M Alzahrani
- King Faisal University, College of Science, Biological Sciences Department, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Dufeys C, Daskalopoulos EP, Castanares-Zapatero D, Conway SJ, Ginion A, Bouzin C, Ambroise J, Bearzatto B, Gala JL, Heymans S, Papageorgiou AP, Vinckier S, Cumps J, Balligand JL, Vanhaverbeke M, Sinnaeve P, Janssens S, Bertrand L, Beauloye C, Horman S. AMPKα1 deletion in myofibroblasts exacerbates post-myocardial infarction fibrosis by a connexin 43 mechanism. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:10. [PMID: 33564961 PMCID: PMC7873123 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00846-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that systemic AMP-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1) invalidation enhanced adverse LV remodelling by increasing fibroblast proliferation, while myodifferentiation and scar maturation were impaired. We thus hypothesised that fibroblastic AMPKα1 was a key signalling element in regulating fibrosis in the infarcted myocardium and an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. The present study investigates the effects of myofibroblast (MF)-specific deletion of AMPKα1 on left ventricular (LV) adaptation following myocardial infarction (MI), and the underlying molecular mechanisms. MF-restricted AMPKα1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice were subjected to permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. cKO hearts exhibit exacerbated post-MI adverse LV remodelling and are characterised by exaggerated fibrotic response, compared to wild-type (WT) hearts. Cardiac fibroblast proliferation and MF content significantly increase in cKO infarcted hearts, coincident with a significant reduction of connexin 43 (Cx43) expression in MFs. Mechanistically, AMPKα1 influences Cx43 expression by both a transcriptional and a post-transcriptional mechanism involving miR-125b-5p. Collectively, our data demonstrate that MF-AMPKα1 functions as a master regulator of cardiac fibrosis and remodelling and might constitute a novel potential target for pharmacological anti-fibrotic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Dufeys
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 55, Avenue Hippocrate, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evangelos-Panagiotis Daskalopoulos
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 55, Avenue Hippocrate, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Diego Castanares-Zapatero
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 55, Avenue Hippocrate, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simon J Conway
- HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Audrey Ginion
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 55, Avenue Hippocrate, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- IREC Imaging Platform, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Ambroise
- Centre de Technologies Moléculaires Appliquées, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCL, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Bearzatto
- Centre de Technologies Moléculaires Appliquées, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCL, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Gala
- Centre de Technologies Moléculaires Appliquées, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCL, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna-Pia Papageorgiou
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Stefan Vinckier
- Center for Cancer Biology, University of Leuven and VIB, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Julien Cumps
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 55, Avenue Hippocrate, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pôle de Pharmacologie et de Thérapeutique (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maarten Vanhaverbeke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Leuven University Hospitals, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Peter Sinnaeve
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Leuven University Hospitals, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Stefan Janssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Leuven University Hospitals, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 55, Avenue Hippocrate, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 55, Avenue Hippocrate, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 55, Avenue Hippocrate, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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5
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Contreras-Lopez R, Elizondo-Vega R, Luque-Campos N, Torres MJ, Pradenas C, Tejedor G, Paredes-Martínez MJ, Vega-Letter AM, Campos-Mora M, Rigual-Gonzalez Y, Oyarce K, Salgado M, Jorgensen C, Khoury M, Garcia-Robles MDLÁ, Altamirano C, Djouad F, Luz-Crawford P. The ATP synthase inhibition induces an AMPK-dependent glycolytic switch of mesenchymal stem cells that enhances their immunotherapeutic potential. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:445-460. [PMID: 33391485 PMCID: PMC7681096 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSC) are promising therapeutic tools for inflammatory diseases due to their potent immunoregulatory capacities. Their suppressive activity mainly depends on inflammatory cues that have been recently associated with changes in MSC bioenergetic status towards a glycolytic metabolism. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this metabolic reprogramming and its impact on MSC therapeutic properties have not been investigated. Methods: Human and murine-derived MSC were metabolically reprogramed using pro-inflammatory cytokines, an inhibitor of ATP synthase (oligomycin), or 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG). The immunosuppressive activity of these cells was tested in vitro using co-culture experiments with pro-inflammatory T cells and in vivo with the Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) and the Graph versus Host Disease (GVHD) murine models. Results: We found that the oligomycin-mediated pro-glycolytic switch of MSC significantly enhanced their immunosuppressive properties in vitro. Conversely, glycolysis inhibition using 2DG significantly reduced MSC immunoregulatory effects. Moreover, in vivo, MSC glycolytic reprogramming significantly increased their therapeutic benefit in the DTH and GVHD mouse models. Finally, we demonstrated that the MSC glycolytic switch effect partly depends on the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway. Conclusion: Altogether, our findings show that AMPK-dependent glycolytic reprogramming of MSC using an ATP synthase inhibitor contributes to their immunosuppressive and therapeutic functions, and suggest that pro-glycolytic drugs might be used to improve MSC-based therapy.
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6
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Mohammadalipour A, Dumbali SP, Wenzel PL. Mitochondrial Transfer and Regulators of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Function and Therapeutic Efficacy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:603292. [PMID: 33365311 PMCID: PMC7750467 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) metabolism plays a crucial role in the surrounding microenvironment in both normal physiology and pathological conditions. While MSCs predominantly utilize glycolysis in their native hypoxic niche within the bone marrow, new evidence reveals the importance of upregulation in mitochondrial activity in MSC function and differentiation. Mitochondria and mitochondrial regulators such as sirtuins play key roles in MSC homeostasis and differentiation into mature lineages of the bone and hematopoietic niche, including osteoblasts and adipocytes. The metabolic state of MSCs represents a fine balance between the intrinsic needs of the cellular state and constraints imposed by extrinsic conditions. In the context of injury and inflammation, MSCs respond to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as damaged mitochondria and mitochondrial products, by donation of their mitochondria to injured cells. Through intercellular mitochondria trafficking, modulation of ROS, and modification of nutrient utilization, endogenous MSCs and MSC therapies are believed to exert protective effects by regulation of cellular metabolism in injured tissues. Similarly, these same mechanisms can be hijacked in malignancy whereby transfer of mitochondria and/or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to cancer cells increases mitochondrial content and enhances oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to favor proliferation and invasion. The role of MSCs in tumor initiation, growth, and resistance to treatment is debated, but their ability to modify cancer cell metabolism and the metabolic environment suggests that MSCs are centrally poised to alter malignancy. In this review, we describe emerging evidence for adaptations in MSC bioenergetics that orchestrate developmental fate decisions and contribute to cancer progression. We discuss evidence and potential strategies for therapeutic targeting of MSC mitochondria in regenerative medicine and tissue repair. Lastly, we highlight recent progress in understanding the contribution of MSCs to metabolic reprogramming of malignancies and how these alterations can promote immunosuppression and chemoresistance. Better understanding the role of metabolic reprogramming by MSCs in tissue repair and cancer progression promises to broaden treatment options in regenerative medicine and clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Mohammadalipour
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sandeep P Dumbali
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pamela L Wenzel
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Immunology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
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7
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Son JS, Chae SA, Wang H, Chen Y, Bravo Iniguez A, de Avila JM, Jiang Z, Zhu MJ, Du M. Maternal Inactivity Programs Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in Offspring Mice by Attenuating Apelin Signaling and Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108461. [PMID: 33264618 PMCID: PMC8137280 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although maternal exercise (ME) becomes increasingly uncommon, the effects of ME on offspring muscle metabolic health remain largely undefined. Maternal mice are subject to daily exercise during pregnancy, which enhances mitochondrial biogenesis during fetal muscle development; this is correlated with higher mitochondrial content and oxidative muscle fibers in offspring muscle and improved endurance capacity. Apelin, an exerkine, is elevated due to ME, and maternal apelin administration mirrors the effect of ME on mitochondrial biogenesis in fetal muscle. Importantly, both ME and apelin induce DNA demethylation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (Ppargc1a) promoter and enhance its expression and mitochondrial biogenesis in fetal muscle. Such changes in DNA methylation were maintained in offspring, with ME offspring muscle expressing higher levels of PGC-1α1/4 isoforms, explaining improved muscle function. In summary, ME enhances DNA demethylation of the Ppargc1a promoter in fetal muscle, which has positive programming effects on the exercise endurance capacity and protects offspring muscle against metabolic dysfunction. Son et al. demonstrate that maternal exercise facilitates fetal muscle development, which improves muscle function and exercise endurance in offspring. Maternal administration of apelin, an exerkine, mirrors the beneficial effects of maternal exercise on mitochondrial biogenesis and fetal muscle development. These findings suggest apelin and its receptor as potential drug targets for improving fetal muscle development of sedentary mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Seok Son
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Song Ah Chae
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanting Chen
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | | | - Jeanene M de Avila
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Min Du
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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8
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Stem Cell Metabolism: Powering Cell-Based Therapeutics. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112490. [PMID: 33207756 PMCID: PMC7696341 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapeutics for cardiac repair have been extensively used during the last decade. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of adoptively transferred stem cells for enhancement of cardiac function. Nevertheless, several cell-based clinical trials have provided largely underwhelming outcomes. A major limitation is the lack of survival in the harsh cardiac milieu as only less than 1% donated cells survive. Recent efforts have focused on enhancing cell-based therapeutics and understanding the biology of stem cells and their response to environmental changes. Stem cell metabolism has recently emerged as a critical determinant of cellular processes and is uniquely adapted to support proliferation, stemness, and commitment. Metabolic signaling pathways are remarkably sensitive to different environmental signals with a profound effect on cell survival after adoptive transfer. Stem cells mainly generate energy through glycolysis while maintaining low oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), providing metabolites for biosynthesis of macromolecules. During commitment, there is a shift in cellular metabolism, which alters cell function. Reprogramming stem cell metabolism may represent an attractive strategy to enhance stem cell therapy for cardiac repair. This review summarizes the current literature on how metabolism drives stem cell function and how this knowledge can be applied to improve cell-based therapeutics for cardiac repair.
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9
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André E, De Pauw A, Verdoy R, Brusa D, Bouzin C, Timmermans A, Bertrand L, Balligand JL. Changes of Metabolic Phenotype of Cardiac Progenitor Cells During Differentiation: Neutral Effect of Stimulation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1498-1513. [PMID: 31530214 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) in the adult mammalian heart, as well as exogenous CPCs injected at the border zone of infarcted tissue, display very low differentiation rate into cardiac myocytes and marginal repair capacity in the injured heart. Emerging evidence supports an obligatory metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during stem cells differentiation, suggesting that pharmacological modulation of metabolism may improve CPC differentiation and, potentially, healing properties. In this study, we investigated the metabolic transition underlying CPC differentiation toward cardiac myocytes. In addition, we tested whether activators of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), known to promote mitochondrial biogenesis in other cell types would also improve CPC differentiation. Stem cell antigen 1 (Sca1+) CPCs were isolated from adult mouse hearts and their phenotype compared with more mature neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCMs). Under normoxia, glucose consumption and lactate release were significantly higher in CPCs than in NRCMs. Both parameters were increased in hypoxia together with increased abundance of Glut1 (glucose transporter), of the monocarboxylic transporter Mct4 (lactate efflux mediator) and of Pfkfb3 (key regulator of glycolytic rate). CPC proliferation was critically dependent on glucose and glutamine availability in the media. Oxygen consumption analysis indicates that, compared with NRCMs, CPCs exhibited lower basal and maximal respirations with lower Tomm20 protein expression and mitochondrial DNA content. This CPC metabolic phenotype profoundly changed upon in vitro differentiation, with a decrease of glucose consumption and lactate release together with increased abundance of Tnnt2, Pgc-1α, Tomm20, and mitochondrial DNA content. Proliferative CPCs express both alpha1 and -2 catalytic subunits of AMPK that is activated by A769662. However, A769662 or resveratrol (an activator of Pgc-1α and AMPK) did not promote either mitochondrial biogenesis or CPC maturation during their differentiation. We conclude that although CPC differentiation is accompanied with an increase of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, this is not potentiated by activation of AMPK in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie André
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aurélia De Pauw
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roxane Verdoy
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Davide Brusa
- Flow Cytometry Platform, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- I2P Imaging Platform, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Timmermans
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Xu J, Wang Y, Hsu CY, Gao Y, Meyers CA, Chang L, Zhang L, Broderick K, Ding C, Peault B, Witwer K, James AW. Human perivascular stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles mediate bone repair. eLife 2019; 8:e48191. [PMID: 31482845 PMCID: PMC6764819 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular wall is a source of progenitor cells that are able to induce skeletal repair, primarily by paracrine mechanisms. Here, the paracrine role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in bone healing was investigated. First, purified human perivascular stem cells (PSCs) were observed to induce mitogenic, pro-migratory, and pro-osteogenic effects on osteoprogenitor cells while in non-contact co-culture via elaboration of EVs. PSC-derived EVs shared mitogenic, pro-migratory, and pro-osteogenic properties of their parent cell. PSC-EV effects were dependent on surface-associated tetraspanins, as demonstrated by EV trypsinization, or neutralizing antibodies for CD9 or CD81. Moreover, shRNA knockdown in recipient cells demonstrated requirement for the CD9/CD81 binding partners IGSF8 and PTGFRN for EV bioactivity. Finally, PSC-EVs stimulated bone repair, and did so via stimulation of skeletal cell proliferation, migration, and osteodifferentiation. In sum, PSC-EVs mediate the same tissue repair effects of perivascular stem cells, and represent an 'off-the-shelf' alternative for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xu
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Yiyun Wang
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ching-Yun Hsu
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Yongxing Gao
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | | | - Leslie Chang
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Leititia Zhang
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | | | - Catherine Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research CenterUCLA, Orthopaedic HospitalLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Bruno Peault
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research CenterUCLA, Orthopaedic HospitalLos AngelesUnited States
- Centre For Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
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11
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Lampert MA, Gustafsson ÅB. Mitochondria and autophagy in adult stem cells: proliferate or differentiate. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 41:355-362. [PMID: 31313217 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09542-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells that are found in many different tissues after development. They are responsible for regenerating and repairing tissues after injury, as well as replacing cells when needed. Adult stem cells maintain a delicate balance between self-renewal to prevent depletion of the stem cell pool and differentiation to continually replenish downstream lineages. The important role of mitochondria in generating energy, calcium storage and regulating cell death is well established. However, new research has linked mitochondria to stem cell maintenance and fate. In addition, efficient mitochondrial quality control is critical for stem cell homeostasis to ensure their long-term survival in tissues. In this review, we discuss the latest evidence linking mitochondrial function, remodeling and turnover via autophagy to regulation of adult stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lampert
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0751, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0751, USA
| | - Åsa B Gustafsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0751, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0751, USA.
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12
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Asprosin improves the survival of mesenchymal stromal cells in myocardial infarction by inhibiting apoptosis via the activated ERK1/2-SOD2 pathway. Life Sci 2019; 231:116554. [PMID: 31194992 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Several adipokines have been proven to improve the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) when used to treat ischemic heart disease. Asprosin (ASP) is a newly-discovered adipokine. ASP might also predict the severity of coronary pathology. We investigated the role of ASP on MSCs and the effects of ASP-pretreated MSCs on myocardial infarction (MI). MAIN METHODS MSCs were labelled with a lentivirus carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP). For in vivo study, after pretreatment with vehicle or ASP, MSCs were injected into infarcted hearts. Cardiac function and fibrosis were then evaluated 4 weeks after the induction of MI and survival of MSCs evaluated after 1 week. MSCs proliferation and migration were investigated after ASP treatment in vitro. MSCs apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was assessed using flow cytometry. KEY FINDINGS Compared to vehicle-pretreated MSCs, ASP-pretreated MSCs significantly improved the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and inhibited myocardial fibrosis 4 weeks after MI. ASP pretreatment may have promoted homing of transplanted MSCs. In vitro results showed that ASP had no significant effect on MSC proliferation and migration, but protected these cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis. Among 21 molecules associated with antioxidation and cell death, the antioxidant enzyme SOD2 was significantly upregulated by ASP. Furthermore, ASP treatment inhibited H2O2-induced ROS generation and apoptosis via the activated ERK1/2-SOD2 pathway. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first evidence that ASP can regulate MSCs function and enhance MSCs therapy for ischemic heart disease. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ASP protects MSCs from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via the ERK1/2-SOD2 pathway.
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13
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Yang F, Li B, Yang Y, Huang M, Liu X, Zhang Y, Liu H, Zhang L, Pan Y, Tian S, Wu Y, Wang L, Yang L. Leptin enhances glycolysis via OPA1-mediated mitochondrial fusion to promote mesenchymal stem cell survival. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:301-312. [PMID: 31115489 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is emerging as a potential therapy for cardiovascular diseases. However, the poor survival of transplanted MSCs is a major obstacle to improving their clinical efficacy. Accumulating evidence indicates that hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) can improve the survival of MSCs. It has been previously reported that leptin plays a critical role in HPC‑enhanced MSC survival through increasing optic atrophy 1 (OPA1)‑dependent mitochondrial fusion. Survival of MSCs mainly relies on glycolysis as an energy source. The close relationship between leptin and glucose homeostasis has attracted intense scientific interest. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission) are associated with alterations in glycolysis. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether leptin increases MSC survival through metabolic regulation. Leptin‑modulated increased OPA1 expression was found to be associated with increased glycolysis. However, the glycolytic efficacy of leptin was abrogated after silencing OPA1 using a selective siRNA, suggesting that OPA1 directly regulates glycolysis. Furthermore, the activation of sodium‑glucose symporter 1 (SGLT1) was markedly induced by leptin. However, leptin‑induced glycolysis was primarily blocked by SGLT1 inhibitor treatment. Thus, leptin regulates OPA1‑dependent glycolysis to improve MSC survival primarily through SGLT1 activation. We therefore identified a pivotal leptin/OPA1/SGLT1 signaling pathway for mitochondrial dynamic‑mediated glycolysis, which may optimize the therapeutic efficiency of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Yongyao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Minhua Huang
- Xixiu District People's Hospital, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, P.R. China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Yujia Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Shui Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Yueting Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Long Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
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14
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Abstract
Cells respond to hypoxia by shifting cellular processes from general housekeeping functions to activating specialized hypoxia-response pathways. Oxygen plays an important role in generating ATP to maintain a productive rate of protein synthesis in normoxia. In hypoxia, the rate of the canonical protein synthesis pathway is significantly slowed and impaired due to limited ATP availability, necessitating an alternative mechanism to mediate protein synthesis and facilitate adaptation. Hypoxia adaptation is largely mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). While HIFs are well known for their transcriptional functions, they also play imperative roles in translation to mediate hypoxic protein synthesis. Such adaptations to hypoxia are often hyperactive in solid tumors, contributing to the expression of cancer hallmarks, including treatment resistance. The current literature on protein synthesis in hypoxia is reviewed here, inclusive of hypoxia-specific mRNA selection to translation termination. Current HIF targeting therapies are also discussed as are the opportunities involved with targeting hypoxia specific protein synthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy T Chee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ines Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Shaun P Brothers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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15
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Jeong YH, Oh HM, Lee MR, Kim CY, Joo C, Park SJ, Song YH, Kang C, Chung HM, Kang SW, Huh KM, Moon SH. The Effect of Hexanoyl Glycol Chitosan on the Proliferation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10080839. [PMID: 30960764 PMCID: PMC6404012 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) have been studied as desirable cell sources for regenerative medicine and therapeutic application. However, it has still remained a challenge to obtain enough adequate and healthy cells in large quantities. To overcome this limitation, various biomaterials have been used to promote expansion of MSCs in vitro. Recently, hexanoyl glycol chitosan (HGC) was introduced as a new biomaterial for various biomedical applications, in particular 3D cell culture, because of its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and other promising biofunctional properties. In this study, the effect of HGC on the proliferation of AD-MSCs was examined in vitro, and its synergistic effect with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which has been widely used to promote proliferation of cells, was evaluated. We found that the presence of HGC increased the proliferative capacity of AD-MSCs during long-term culture, even at low concentrations of bFGF. Furthermore, it suppressed the expression of senescence-related genes and improved the mitochondrial functionality. Taken all together, these findings suggest that the HGC demonstrate a potential for sustained growth of AD-MSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hoon Jeong
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hye Min Oh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Man Ryul Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea.
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Chanyang Joo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Soon-Jung Park
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Yun-Ho Song
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Changhee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hyung-Min Chung
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Sun-Woong Kang
- Predictive Model Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Kang Moo Huh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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16
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Leptin increases mitochondrial OPA1 via GSK3-mediated OMA1 ubiquitination to enhance therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:556. [PMID: 29748581 PMCID: PMC5945599 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence revealed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) confer cardioprotection against myocardial infarction (MI). However, the poor survival and engraftment rate of the transplanted cells limited their therapeutic efficacy in the heart. The enhanced leptin production associated with hypoxia preconditioning contributed to the improved MSCs survival. Mitochondrial integrity determines the cellular fate. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether leptin can enhance mitochondrial integrity of human MSCs (hMSCs) to protect against various stress. In vivo, transplantation of leptin-overexpressing hMSCs into the infarcted heart resulted in improved cell viability, leading to enhanced angiogenesis and cardiac function. In vitro, pretreatment of hMSCs with recombinant leptin (hMSCs-Leppre) displayed improved cell survival against severe ischemic condition (glucose and serum deprivation under hypoxia), which was associated with increased mitochondrial fusion. Subsequently, Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that regulates fusion and cristae structure, was significantly elevated in the hMSCs-Leppre group, and the protection of leptin was abrogated by targeting OPA1 with a selective siRNA. Furthermore, OMA1, a mitochondrial protease that cleaves OPA1, decreased in a leptin-dependent manner. Pretreatment of cells with an inhibitor of the proteasome (MG132), prevented leptin-induced OMA1 degradation, implicating the ubiquitination/proteasome system as a part of the protective leptin pathway. In addition, GSK3 inhibitor (SB216763) was also involved in the degradation of OMA1. In conclusion, in the hostile microenvironment caused by MI, (a) leptin can maintain the mitochondrial integrity and prolong the survival of hMSCs; (b) leptin-mediated mitochondrial integrity requires phosphorylation of GSK3 as a prerequisite for ubiquitination-depended degradation of OMA1 and attenuation of long-OPA1 cleavage. Thus, leptin targeting the GSK3/OMA1/OPA1 signaling pathway can optimize hMSCs therapy for cardiovascular diseases such as MI.
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17
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Moya A, Paquet J, Deschepper M, Larochette N, Oudina K, Denoeud C, Bensidhoum M, Logeart-Avramoglou D, Petite H. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Failure to Adapt to Glucose Shortage and Rapidly Use Intracellular Energy Reserves Through Glycolysis Explains Poor Cell Survival After Implantation. Stem Cells 2018; 36:363-376. [PMID: 29266629 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold considerable promise in tissue engineering (TE). However, their poor survival when exogenously administered limits their therapeutic potential. Previous studies from our group demonstrated that lack of glucose (glc) (but not of oxygen) is fatal to human MSCs because it serves as a pro-survival and pro-angiogenic molecule for human MSCs (hMSCs) upon transplantation. However, which energy-providing pathways MSCs use to metabolize glc upon transplantation? Are there alternative energetic nutrients to replace glc? And most importantly, do hMSCs possess significant intracellular glc reserves for ensuring their survival upon transplantation? These remain open questions at the forefront of TE based-therapies. In this study, we established for the first time that the in vivo environment experienced by hMSCs is best reflected by near-anoxia (0.1% O2 ) rather than hypoxia (1%-5% O2 ) in vitro. Under these near-anoxia conditions, hMSCs rely almost exclusively on glc through anerobic glycolysis for ATP production and are unable to use either exogenous glutamine, serine, or pyruvate as energy substrates. Most importantly, hMSCs are unable to adapt their metabolism to the lack of exogenous glc, possess a very limited internal stock of glc and virtually no ATP reserves. This lack of downregulation of energy turnover as a function of exogenous glc level results in a rapid depletion of hMSC energy reserves that explains their poor survival rate. These new insights prompt for the development of glc-releasing scaffolds to overcome this roadblock plaguing the field of TE based-therapies. Stem Cells 2018;36:363-376.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Moya
- Faculté de Médecine Lariboisière-Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéo-articulaire, Université Denis-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Paquet
- Faculté de Médecine Lariboisière-Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéo-articulaire, Université Denis-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Mickael Deschepper
- Faculté de Médecine Lariboisière-Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéo-articulaire, Université Denis-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Nathanaël Larochette
- Faculté de Médecine Lariboisière-Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéo-articulaire, Université Denis-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Karim Oudina
- Faculté de Médecine Lariboisière-Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéo-articulaire, Université Denis-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Cyprien Denoeud
- Faculté de Médecine Lariboisière-Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéo-articulaire, Université Denis-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- Faculté de Médecine Lariboisière-Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéo-articulaire, Université Denis-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Logeart-Avramoglou
- Faculté de Médecine Lariboisière-Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéo-articulaire, Université Denis-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Petite
- Faculté de Médecine Lariboisière-Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéo-articulaire, Université Denis-Diderot, Paris, France
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18
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Contino S, Porporato PE, Bird M, Marinangeli C, Opsomer R, Sonveaux P, Bontemps F, Dewachter I, Octave JN, Bertrand L, Stanga S, Kienlen-Campard P. Presenilin 2-Dependent Maintenance of Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity and Morphology. Front Physiol 2017; 8:796. [PMID: 29085303 PMCID: PMC5650731 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and yet the mechanisms underlying the impairment of mitochondrial function in AD remain elusive. Recent evidence suggested a role for Presenilins (PS1 or PS2) in mitochondrial function. Mutations of PSs, the catalytic subunits of the γ-secretase complex, are responsible for the majority of inherited AD cases (FAD). PSs were shown to be present in mitochondria and particularly enriched in mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM), where PS2 is involved in the calcium shuttling between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We investigated the precise contribution of PS1 and PS2 to the bioenergetics of the cell and to mitochondrial morphology in cell lines derived from wild type (PS+/+), PS1/2 double knock-out (PSdKO), PS2KO and PS1KO embryos. Our results showed a significant impairment in the respiratory capacity of PSdKO and PS2KO cells with reduction of basal oxygen consumption, oxygen utilization dedicated to ATP production and spare respiratory capacity. In line with these functional defects, we found a decrease in the expression of subunits responsible for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) associated with an altered morphology of the mitochondrial cristae. This OXPHOS disruption was accompanied by a reduction of the NAD+/NADH ratio. Still, neither ADP/ATP ratio nor mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) were affected, suggesting the existence of a compensatory mechanism for energetic balance. We observed indeed an increase in glycolytic flux in PSdKO and PS2KO cells. All these effects were truly dependent on PS2 since its stable re-expression in a PS2KO background led to a complete restoration of the parameters impaired in the absence of PS2. Our data clearly demonstrate here the crucial role of PS2 in mitochondrial function and cellular bioenergetics, pointing toward its peculiar role in the formation and integrity of the electron transport chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Contino
- Alzheimer Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paolo E Porporato
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthew Bird
- Alzheimer Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudia Marinangeli
- Alzheimer Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rémi Opsomer
- Alzheimer Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Françoise Bontemps
- Metabolic Research Group, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse Dewachter
- Alzheimer Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Noël Octave
- Alzheimer Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Experimental and clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serena Stanga
- Alzheimer Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascal Kienlen-Campard
- Alzheimer Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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19
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Accelerate Epithelial Tight Junction Assembly via the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway, Independently of Liver Kinase B1. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:9717353. [PMID: 28781597 PMCID: PMC5525096 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9717353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are fibroblast-like multipotent cells capable of tissue-repair properties. Given the essentiality of tight junctions (TJ) in epithelial integrity, we hypothesized that MSC modulate TJ formation, via the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) pathway. Liver kinase-β1 (LKB1) and Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) represent the main kinases that activate AMPK. METHODS The in vitro Ca2+ switch from 5 μM to 1.8 mM was performed using epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells cultured alone or cocultured with rat bone marrow-derived MSC or preexposed to MSC-conditioned medium. TJ assembly was measured by assessing ZO-1 relocation to cell-cell contacts. Experiments were conducted using MDCK stably expressing short-hairpin-RNA (shRNA) against LKB1 or luciferase (LUC, as controls). Compound STO-609 (50 μM) was used as CaMKK inhibitor. RESULTS Following Ca2+ switch, ZO-1 relocation and phosphorylation/activation of AMPK were significantly higher in MDCK/MSC compared to MDCK. No difference in AMPK phosphorylation was observed between LKB1-shRNA and Luc-shRNA MDCK following Ca2+ switch. Conversely, incubation with STO-609 prior to Ca2+ switch prevented AMPK phosphorylation and ZO-1 relocation. MSC-conditioned medium slightly but significantly increased AMPK activation and accelerated TJ-associated distribution of ZO-1 post Ca2+ switch in comparison to regular medium. CONCLUSIONS MSC modulate the assembly of epithelial TJ, via the CaMKK/AMPK pathway independently of LKB1.
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20
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Theret M, Gsaier L, Schaffer B, Juban G, Ben Larbi S, Weiss-Gayet M, Bultot L, Collodet C, Foretz M, Desplanches D, Sanz P, Zang Z, Yang L, Vial G, Viollet B, Sakamoto K, Brunet A, Chazaud B, Mounier R. AMPKα1-LDH pathway regulates muscle stem cell self-renewal by controlling metabolic homeostasis. EMBO J 2017; 36:1946-1962. [PMID: 28515121 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of stem cell fate to either enter terminal differentiation versus returning to quiescence (self-renewal) is crucial for tissue repair. Here, we showed that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the master metabolic regulator of the cell, controls muscle stem cell (MuSC) self-renewal. AMPKα1-/- MuSCs displayed a high self-renewal rate, which impairs muscle regeneration. AMPKα1-/- MuSCs showed a Warburg-like switch of their metabolism to higher glycolysis. We identified lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a new functional target of AMPKα1. LDH, which is a non-limiting enzyme of glycolysis in differentiated cells, was tightly regulated in stem cells. In functional experiments, LDH overexpression phenocopied AMPKα1-/- phenotype, that is shifted MuSC metabolism toward glycolysis triggering their return to quiescence, while inhibition of LDH activity rescued AMPKα1-/- MuSC self-renewal. Finally, providing specific nutrients (galactose/glucose) to MuSCs directly controlled their fate through the AMPKα1/LDH pathway, emphasizing the importance of metabolism in stem cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Theret
- Institut Neuromyogène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Linda Gsaier
- Institut Neuromyogène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bethany Schaffer
- Department of Genetic and the Cancer Biology Program, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gaëtan Juban
- Institut Neuromyogène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sabrina Ben Larbi
- Institut Neuromyogène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michèle Weiss-Gayet
- Institut Neuromyogène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Bultot
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Collodet
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Desplanches
- Institut Neuromyogène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pascual Sanz
- Instituto de Biomedecina de Valencia, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Zizhao Zang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Guillaume Vial
- INSERM U1042, Université Grenoble Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetic and the Cancer Biology Program, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut Neuromyogène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rémi Mounier
- Institut Neuromyogène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France .,INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
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21
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Johanns M, Pyr Dit Ruys S, Houddane A, Vertommen D, Herinckx G, Hue L, Proud CG, Rider MH. Direct and indirect activation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase by AMP-activated protein kinase. Cell Signal 2017; 36:212-221. [PMID: 28502587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) kinase (eEF2K) is a key regulator of protein synthesis in mammalian cells. It phosphorylates and inhibits eEF2, the translation factor necessary for peptide translocation during the elongation phase of protein synthesis. When cellular energy demand outweighs energy supply, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and eEF2K become activated, leading to eEF2 phosphorylation, which reduces the rate of protein synthesis, a process that consumes a large proportion of cellular energy under optimal conditions. AIM The goal of the present study was to elucidate the mechanisms by which AMPK activation leads to increased eEF2 phosphorylation to decrease protein synthesis. METHODS Using genetically modified mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs), effects of treatments with commonly used AMPK activators to increase eEF2 phosphorylation were compared with that of the novel compound 991. Bacterially expressed recombinant eEF2K was phosphorylated in vitro by recombinant activated AMPK for phosphorylation site-identification by mass spectrometry followed by site-directed mutagenesis of the identified sites to alanine residues to study effects on the kinetic properties of eEF2K. Wild-type eEF2K and a Ser491/Ser492 mutant were retrovirally re-introduced in eEF2K-deficient MEFs and effects of 991 treatment on eEF2 phosphorylation and protein synthesis rates were studied in these cells. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS AMPK activation leads to increased eEF2 phosphorylation in MEFs mainly by direct activation of eEF2K and partly by inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Treatment of MEFs with AMPK activators can also lead to eEF2K activation independently of AMPK probably via a rise in intracellular Ca2+. AMPK activates eEF2K by multi-site phosphorylation and the newly identified Ser491/Ser492 is important for activation, leading to mTOR-independent inhibition of protein synthesis. Our study provides new insights into the control of eEF2K by AMPK, with implications for linking metabolic stress to decreased protein synthesis to conserve energy reserves, a pathway that is of major importance in cancer cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Johanns
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75 bte 74.02, 1200-Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Pyr Dit Ruys
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75 bte 74.02, 1200-Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Houddane
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75 bte 74.02, 1200-Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Vertommen
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75 bte 74.02, 1200-Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Herinckx
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75 bte 74.02, 1200-Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Hue
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75 bte 74.02, 1200-Brussels, Belgium
| | - C G Proud
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - M H Rider
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75 bte 74.02, 1200-Brussels, Belgium.
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22
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Lafosse A, Dufeys C, Beauloye C, Horman S, Dufrane D. Impact of Hyperglycemia and Low Oxygen Tension on Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Compared with Dermal Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes: Importance for Wound Healing in Type 2 Diabetes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168058. [PMID: 27992567 PMCID: PMC5167273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) are currently proposed for wound healing in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, this study investigated the impact of diabetes on adipose tissue in relation to ASC isolation, proliferation, and growth factor release and the impact of hyperglycemia and low oxygen tension (found in diabetic wounds) on dermal fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and ASC in vitro. Methods Different sequences of hypoxia and hyperglycemia were applied in vitro to ASC from nondiabetic (n = 8) or T2DM patients (n = 4) to study cell survival, proliferation, and growth factor release. Comparisons of dermal fibroblasts (n = 8) and keratinocytes (primary lineage) were made. Results No significant difference of isolation and proliferation capacities was found in ASC from nondiabetic and diabetic humans. Hypoxia and hyperglycemia did not impact cell viability and proliferation. Keratinocyte Growth Factor release was significantly lower in diabetic ASC than in nondiabetic ASC group in each condition, while Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor release was not affected by the diabetic origin. Nondiabetic ASC exposition to hypoxia (0.1% oxygen) combined with hyperglycemia (25mM glucose), resulted in a significant increase in VEGF secretion (+64%, p<0.05) with no deleterious impact on KGF release in comparison to physiological conditions (5% oxygen and 5 mM glucose). Stromal cell-Derived Factor-1α (-93%, p<0.001) and KGF (-20%, p<0.05) secretion by DF decreased in these conditions. Conclusions A better profile of growth factor secretion (regarding wound healing) was found in vitro for ASC in hyperglycemia coupled with hypoxia in comparison to dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Interestingly, ASC from T2DM donors demonstrated cellular growth rates and survival (in hypoxia and hyperglycemic conditions) similar to those of healthy ASC (from normoglycemic donors); however, KGF secretion was significantly depleted in ASC obtained from T2DM patients. This study demonstrated the impact of diabetes on ASC for regenerative medicine and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cécile Dufeys
- Pole de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Pole de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Pole de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Denis Dufrane
- Novadip Biosciences, Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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23
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Abstract
The anoxemia theory proposes that an imbalance between the demand for and supply of oxygen in the arterial wall is a key factor in the development of atherosclerosis. There is now substantial evidence that there are regions within the atherosclerotic plaque in which profound hypoxia exists; this may fundamentally change the function, metabolism, and responses of many of the cell types found within the developing plaque and whether the plaque will evolve into a stable or unstable phenotype. Hypoxia is characterized in molecular terms by the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α, a subunit of the heterodimeric nuclear transcriptional factor HIF-1 and a master regulator of oxygen homeostasis. The expression of HIF-1 is localized to perivascular tissues, inflammatory macrophages, and smooth muscle cells adjacent to the necrotic core of atherosclerotic lesions and regulates several genes that are important to vascular function including vascular endothelial growth factor, nitric oxide synthase, endothelin-1, and erythropoietin. This review summarizes the effects of hypoxia on the functions of cells involved in atherogenesis and the evidence for its potential importance from experimental models and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon A A Ferns
- 1 Department of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Lamia Heikal
- 1 Department of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
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24
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Zhao L, Fan C, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Wang D, Deng C, Hu W, Ma Z, Jiang S, Di S, Qin Z, Lv J, Sun Y, Yi W. Adiponectin enhances bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell resistance to flow shear stress through AMP-activated protein kinase signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28752. [PMID: 27418435 PMCID: PMC4945870 DOI: 10.1038/srep28752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin has been demonstrated to protect the cardiovascular system and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, it is unclear whether adiponectin can protect BMSCs against flow shear stress (FSS). In this study, our aim was to explore the effects of adiponectin on BMSCs and to explore the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in this process. Shear stress significantly inhibits the survival and increases the apoptosis of BMSCs in an intensity-dependent manner. The expression levels of TGF-β, bFGF, VEGF, PDGF, and Bcl2 are simultaneously reduced, and the phosphorylation levels of AMPK and ACC, as well as the expression level of Bax, are increased. Supplementation with adiponectin promotes the survival of BMSCs; reverses the changes in the expression levels of TGF-β, bFGF, VEGF, PDGF, Bcl2, and Bax; and further amplifies the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC. Furthermore, the protective effects of adiponectin can be partially neutralized by AMPK siRNA. In summary, we have demonstrated for the first time that adiponectin can effectively protect BMSCs from FSS and that this effect depends, at least in part, on the activation of AMPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chongxi Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Dongjin Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shouyi Di
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Zhigang Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jianjun Lv
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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25
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Ostrovska G, Maslova O, Delev D, Opatrilova R, Kuzliak P, Savytska N. Effects of novel maleimide derivatives on cell cultures with different properties. Cell Tissue Bank 2016; 17:505-15. [PMID: 27139892 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-016-9558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The paper is focused on pilot study of effects of novel synthetic protein kinase inhibitors-maleimide derivatives in different concentrations on normal, transformed and multipotent cell lines. Influence on cell proliferation and morphological characteristics has been demonstrated. The chosen agents cause antiproliferative effect on transformed cells and are not cytotoxic to normal cell lines. Moreover, different maleimide derivatives' effects on multipotent cells in attached and floating states has been shown. Described results can be used for further research of the maleimide derivatives as antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Maslova
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev, Ukraine.,Hemafund Ltd., Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Delian Delev
- Department Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Opatrilova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kuzliak
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Proteomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.
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26
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Hsu YC, Wu YT, Yu TH, Wei YH. Mitochondria in mesenchymal stem cell biology and cell therapy: From cellular differentiation to mitochondrial transfer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 52:119-31. [PMID: 26868759 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized to have the capacity of self-renewal and the potential to differentiate into mesoderm, ectoderm-like and endoderm-like cells. MSCs hold great promise for cell therapies due to their multipotency in vitro and therapeutic advantage of hypo-immunogenicity and lower tumorigenicity. Moreover, it has been shown that MSCs can serve as a vehicle to transfer mitochondria into cells after cell transplantation. Mitochondria produce most of the energy through oxidative phosphorylation in differentiated cells. It has been increasingly clear that the switch of energy supply from glycolysis to aerobic metabolism is essential for successful differentiation of MSCs. Post-translational modifications of proteins have been established to regulate mitochondrial function and metabolic shift during MSCs differentiation. In this article, we review and provide an integrated view on the roles of different protein kinases and sirtuins in the maintenance and differentiation of MSCs. Importantly, we provide evidence to suggest that alteration in the expression of Sirt3 and Sirt5 and relative changes in the acylation levels of mitochondrial proteins might be involved in the activation of mitochondrial function and adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived MSCs. We summarize their roles in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism, oxidative responses and differentiation of MSCs. On the other hand, we discuss recent advances in the study of mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial transfer as well as their roles in the differentiation and therapeutic application of MSCs to improve cell function in vitro and in animal models. Accumulating evidence has substantiated that the therapeutic potential of MSCs is conferred not only by cell replacement and paracrine effects but also by transferring mitochondria into injured tissues or cells to modulate the cellular metabolism in situ. Therefore, elucidation of the underlying mechanisms in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism of MSCs may ultimately improve therapeutic outcomes of stem cell therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsien Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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27
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Daskalopoulos EP, Dufeys C, Beauloye C, Bertrand L, Horman S. AMPK in Cardiovascular Diseases. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2016; 107:179-201. [PMID: 27812981 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43589-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This chapter summarizes the implication of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the regulation of various physiological and pathological cellular events of great importance for the maintenance of cardiac function. These include the control of both metabolic and non-metabolic elements targeting the different cellular components of the cardiac tissue, i.e., cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and vascular cells. The description of the multifaceted action of the two AMPK catalytic isoforms, α1 and α2, emphasizes the general protective action of this protein kinase against the development of critical pathologies like myocardial ischemia, cardiac hypertrophy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos P Daskalopoulos
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Cardiovascular Research (Care) Institute, Athens, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Cécile Dufeys
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Division of Cardiology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Mounier R, Théret M, Lantier L, Foretz M, Viollet B. Expanding roles for AMPK in skeletal muscle plasticity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:275-86. [PMID: 25818360 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable plasticity and responds to environmental and physiological challenges by changing its phenotype in terms of size, composition, and metabolic properties. Muscle fibers rapidly adapt to drastic changes in energy demands during exercise through fine-tuning of the balance between catabolic and anabolic processes. One major sensor of energy demand in exercising muscle is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Recent advances have shed new light on the relevance of AMPK both as a multitask gatekeeper and as an energy regulator in skeletal muscle. Here we summarize recent findings on the function of AMPK in skeletal muscle adaptation to contraction and highlight its role in the regulation of energy metabolism and the control of skeletal muscle regeneration post-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Mounier
- Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaires et Cellulaires, UMR CNRS 5534, Villeurbanne, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marine Théret
- Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaires et Cellulaires, UMR CNRS 5534, Villeurbanne, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Louise Lantier
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.
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29
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Fillmore N, Huqi A, Jaswal JS, Mori J, Paulin R, Haromy A, Onay-Besikci A, Ionescu L, Thébaud B, Michelakis E, Lopaschuk GD. Effect of fatty acids on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell energy metabolism and survival. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120257. [PMID: 25768019 PMCID: PMC4358990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful stem cell therapy requires the optimal proliferation, engraftment, and differentiation of stem cells into the desired cell lineage of tissues. However, stem cell therapy clinical trials to date have had limited success, suggesting that a better understanding of stem cell biology is needed. This includes a better understanding of stem cell energy metabolism because of the importance of energy metabolism in stem cell proliferation and differentiation. We report here the first direct evidence that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) energy metabolism is highly glycolytic with low rates of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. The contribution of glycolysis to ATP production is greater than 97% in undifferentiated BMMSCs, while glucose and fatty acid oxidation combined only contribute 3% of ATP production. We also assessed the effect of physiological levels of fatty acids on human BMMSC survival and energy metabolism. We found that the saturated fatty acid palmitate induces BMMSC apoptosis and decreases proliferation, an effect prevented by the unsaturated fatty acid oleate. Interestingly, chronic exposure of human BMMSCs to physiological levels of palmitate (for 24 hr) reduces palmitate oxidation rates. This decrease in palmitate oxidation is prevented by chronic exposure of the BMMSCs to oleate. These results suggest that reducing saturated fatty acid oxidation can decrease human BMMSC proliferation and cause cell death. These results also suggest that saturated fatty acids may be involved in the long-term impairment of BMMSC survival in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Fillmore
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alda Huqi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jagdip S. Jaswal
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jun Mori
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roxane Paulin
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alois Haromy
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arzu Onay-Besikci
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lavinia Ionescu
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Evangelos Michelakis
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary D. Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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30
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Noppe G, Dufeys C, Buchlin P, Marquet N, Castanares-Zapatero D, Balteau M, Hermida N, Bouzin C, Esfahani H, Viollet B, Bertrand L, Balligand JL, Vanoverschelde JL, Beauloye C, Horman S. Reduced scar maturation and contractility lead to exaggerated left ventricular dilation after myocardial infarction in mice lacking AMPKα1. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 74:32-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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31
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Zhu Y, Zhou J, Ao R, Yu B. A-769662 protects osteoblasts from hydrogen dioxide-induced apoptosis through activating of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:11190-203. [PMID: 24960362 PMCID: PMC4100207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150611190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report that 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist A-769662 inhibited hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced viability loss and apoptosis of human and mouse osteoblast cells. H2O2-induced moderate AMPK activation in osteoblast cells, which was enhanced by A-769662. Inactivation of AMPK by its inhibitor compound C, or by target shRNA-mediated silencing and kinase dead (KD) mutation exacerbated H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in osteoblast cells. A-769662-mediated protective effect against H2O2 was also blocked by AMPK inhibition or depletion. A-769662 inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by H2O2 in osteoblast cells. Meanwhile, H2O2-induced ATP depletion was inhibited by A-769662, but was aggravated by compound C. Further, H2O2 induced AMPK-dependent and pro-survival autophagy in cultured osteoblast cells, which was enhanced by A-769662. Our results suggested that activation of AMPK by H2O2 is anti-apoptosis and pro-survival in osteoblast cells, probably due to its anti-oxidant, pro-autophagy and ATP preservation abilities, and A-769662-mediated cell-protective effect in osteoblast cells requires AMPK activation. Our study suggests that A-769662 might be further investigated as a novel anti-osteonecrosis agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Zhu
- Orthopedics Department, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Orthopedics Department, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China.
| | - Rongguang Ao
- Orthopedics Department, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China.
| | - Baoqing Yu
- Orthopedics Department, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China.
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32
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Timmermans AD, Balteau M, Gélinas R, Renguet E, Ginion A, de Meester C, Sakamoto K, Balligand JL, Bontemps F, Vanoverschelde JL, Horman S, Beauloye C, Bertrand L. A-769662 potentiates the effect of other AMP-activated protein kinase activators on cardiac glucose uptake. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H1619-30. [PMID: 24748590 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00965.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key cellular sensor of energy, regulates metabolic homeostasis and plays a protective role in the ischemic or diabetic heart. Stimulation of cardiac glucose uptake contributes to this AMPK-mediated protection. The small-molecule AMPK activator A-769662, which binds and directly activates AMPK, has recently been characterized. A-769662-dependent AMPK activation protects the heart against an ischemia-reperfusion episode but is unable to stimulate skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Here, we tried to reconcile these conflicting findings by investigating the impact of A-769662 on cardiac AMPK signaling and glucose uptake. We showed that A-769662 promoted AMPK activation, resulting in the phosphorylation of several downstream targets, but was incapable of stimulating glucose uptake in cultured cardiomyocytes and the perfused heart. The lack of glucose uptake stimulation can be explained by A-769662's narrow specificity, since it selectively activates cardiac AMPK heterotrimeric complexes containing α2/β1-subunits, the others being presumably required for this metabolic outcome. However, when combined with classical AMPK activators, such as metformin, phenformin, oligomycin, or hypoxia, which impact AMPK heterotrimers more broadly via elevation of cellular AMP levels, A-769662 induced more profound AMPK phosphorylation and subsequent glucose uptake stimulation. The synergistic effect of A-769662 under such ischemia-mimetic conditions protected cardiomyocytes against ROS production and cell death. In conclusion, despite the fact that A-769662 activates AMPK, it alone does not significantly stimulate glucose uptake. However, strikingly, its ability of potentiating the action on other AMPK activators makes it a potentially useful participant in the protective role of AMPK in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie D Timmermans
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Magali Balteau
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roselle Gélinas
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Edith Renguet
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Ginion
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carole de Meester
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Brussels, Belgium; and
| | | | - Jean-Louis Vanoverschelde
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Brussels, Belgium;
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