1
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Broman MT, Nadadur RD, Perez-Cervantes C, Burnicka-Turek O, Lazarevic S, Gams A, Laforest B, Steimle JD, Iddir S, Wang Z, Smith L, Mazurek SR, Olivey HE, Zhou P, Gadek M, Shen KM, Khan Z, Theisen JW, Yang XH, Ikegami K, Efimov IR, Pu WT, Weber CR, McNally EM, Svensson EC, Moskowitz IP. A Genomic Link From Heart Failure to Atrial Fibrillation Risk: FOG2 Modulates a TBX5/GATA4-Dependent Atrial Gene Regulatory Network. Circulation 2024; 149:1205-1230. [PMID: 38189150 PMCID: PMC11152454 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.066804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) is clear, with up to half of patients with HF progressing to AF. The pathophysiological basis of AF in the context of HF is presumed to result from atrial remodeling. Upregulation of the transcription factor FOG2 (friend of GATA2; encoded by ZFPM2) is observed in human ventricles during HF and causes HF in mice. METHODS FOG2 expression was assessed in human atria. The effect of adult-specific FOG2 overexpression in the mouse heart was evaluated by whole animal electrophysiology, in vivo organ electrophysiology, cellular electrophysiology, calcium flux, mouse genetic interactions, gene expression, and genomic function, including a novel approach for defining functional transcription factor interactions based on overlapping effects on enhancer noncoding transcription. RESULTS FOG2 is significantly upregulated in the human atria during HF. Adult cardiomyocyte-specific FOG2 overexpression in mice caused primary spontaneous AF before the development of HF or atrial remodeling. FOG2 overexpression generated arrhythmia substrate and trigger in cardiomyocytes, including calcium cycling defects. We found that FOG2 repressed atrial gene expression promoted by TBX5. FOG2 bound a subset of GATA4 and TBX5 co-bound genomic locations, defining a shared atrial gene regulatory network. FOG2 repressed TBX5-dependent transcription from a subset of co-bound enhancers, including a conserved enhancer at the Atp2a2 locus. Atrial rhythm abnormalities in mice caused by Tbx5 haploinsufficiency were rescued by Zfpm2 haploinsufficiency. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional changes in the atria observed in human HF directly antagonize the atrial rhythm gene regulatory network, providing a genomic link between HF and AF risk independent of atrial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Broman
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Rangarajan D. Nadadur
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Carlos Perez-Cervantes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Ozanna Burnicka-Turek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Sonja Lazarevic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Anna Gams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University
| | - Brigitte Laforest
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Jeffrey D. Steimle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Sabrina Iddir
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Zhezhen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Linsin Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Stefan R. Mazurek
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Harold E. Olivey
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN 46408
| | | | - Margaret Gadek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Kaitlyn M. Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Zoheb Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Joshua W.M. Theisen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Xinan H. Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Kohta Ikegami
- Division of Molecular and Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Igor R. Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University
| | - William T. Pu
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115
| | | | - Elizabeth M. McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior, SQ5-516, Chicago, IL 60611
| | | | - Ivan P. Moskowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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2
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Pustovit KB, Samoilova DV, Abramochkin DV, Filatova TS, Kuzmin VS. α1-adrenergic receptors accompanied by GATA4 expression are related to proarrhythmic conduction and automaticity in rat interatrial septum. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:793-805. [PMID: 35802254 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of interatrial septum (IAS) is a complicated process, which continues during postnatal life. The hypertrophic signals in developing heart are mediated among others by α-adrenergic pathways. These facts suggest the presence of specific electrophysiological features in developing IAS. This study was aimed to investigate the electrical activity in the tissue preparations of IAS from rat heart in normal conditions and under stimulation of adrenoreceptors. Intracellular recording of electrical activity revealed less negative level of resting membrane potential in IAS if compared to myocardium of left atrium. In normal conditions, non-paced IAS preparations were quiescent, but noradrenaline (10-5 M) and phenylephrine (10-5 M) induced spontaneous action potentials, which could be abolished by α1-blocker prazosin (10-5 M), but not β1-blocker atenolol (10-5 M). Optical mapping showed drastic phenylephrine-induced slowing of conduction in adult rat IAS. The α1-dependent ectopic automaticity of IAS myocardium might be explained by immunohistochemical data indicating the presence of transcription factor GATA4 and abundant α1A-adrenoreceptors in myocytes from adult rat IAS. An elevated sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation due to involvement of α1-adrenergic pathways may underlie increased proarrhythmic potential of adult IAS at least in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia B Pustovit
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria V Samoilova
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Kashirskoye sh., 24, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis V Abramochkin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Tatiana S Filatova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, 3rd Cherepkovskaya, 15a, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova str., 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav S Kuzmin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Dai W, Kesaraju S, Weber CR. Transcriptional factors in calcium mishandling and atrial fibrillation development. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1177-1197. [PMID: 34003377 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Healthy cardiac conduction relies on the coordinated electrical activity of distinct populations of cardiomyocytes. Disruption of cell-cell conduction results in cardiac arrhythmias, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent genetic studies have highlighted a major heritable component and identified numerous loci associated with risk of atrial fibrillation, including transcription factor genes, particularly those important in cardiac development, microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs. Identification of such genetic factors has prompted the search to understand the mechanisms that underlie the genetic component of AF. Recent studies have found several mechanisms by which genetic alterations can result in AF formation via disruption of calcium handling. Loss of developmental transcription factors in adult cardiomyocytes can result in disruption of SR calcium ATPase, sodium calcium exchanger, calcium channels, among other ion channels, which underlie action potential abnormalities and triggered activity that can contribute to AF. This review aims to summarize the complex network of transcription factors and their roles in calcium handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Dai
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sneha Kesaraju
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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4
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Ivanova AD, Filatova TS, Abramochkin DV, Atkinson A, Dobrzynski H, Kokaeva ZG, Merzlyak EM, Pustovit KB, Kuzmin VS. Attenuation of inward rectifier potassium current contributes to the α1-adrenergic receptor-induced proarrhythmicity in the caval vein myocardium. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13597. [PMID: 33306261 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study is aimed at investigation of electrophysiological effects of α1-adrenoreceptor (α1-AR) stimulation in the rat superior vena cava (SVC) myocardium, which is one of the sources of proarrhythmic activity. METHODS α1-ARs agonists (phenylephrine-PHE or norepinephrine in presence of atenolol-NE + ATL) were applied to SVC and atrial tissue preparations or isolated cardiomyocytes, which were examined using optical mapping, glass microelectrodes or whole-cell patch clamp. α1-ARs distribution was evaluated using immunofluorescence. Kir2.X mRNA and protein level were estimated using RT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS PHE or NE + ATL application caused a significant suppression of the conduction velocity (CV) of excitation and inexcitability in SVC, an increase in the duration of electrically evoked action potentials (APs), a decrease in the maximum upstroke velocity (dV/dtmax ) and depolarization of the resting membrane potential (RMP) in SVC to a greater extent than in atria. The effects induced by α1-ARs activation in SVC were attenuated by protein kinase C inhibition (PKC). The whole-cell patch clamp revealed PHE-induced suppression of outward component of IK1 inward rectifier current in isolated SVC, but not atrial myocytes. These effects can be mediated by α1A subtype of α-ARs found in abundance in rat SVC. The basal IK1 level in SVC was much lower than in atria as a result of the weaker expression of Kir2.2 channels. CONCLUSION Therefore, the reduced density of IK1 in rat SVC cardiomyocytes and sensitivity of this current to α1A-AR stimulation via PKC-dependent pathways might lead to proarrhythmic conduction in SVC myocardium by inducing RMP depolarization, AP prolongation, CV and dV/dtmax decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D. Ivanova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Tatiana S. Filatova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Department of Physiology Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Moscow Russia
| | - Denis V. Abramochkin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Department of Physiology Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Moscow Russia
- Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology National Medical Research Center for Cardiology Moscow Russia
| | - Andrew Atkinson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Halina Dobrzynski
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Heart Embryology and Anatomy Research Team Department of Anatomy Jagiellonian University Medical College Cracow Poland
| | - Zarema G. Kokaeva
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Ekaterina M. Merzlyak
- Shemiakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Science Moscow Russia
| | - Ksenia B. Pustovit
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Vladislav S. Kuzmin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Department of Physiology Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Moscow Russia
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5
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Oh Y, Yang S, Liu X, Jana S, Izaddoustdar F, Gao X, Debi R, Kim DK, Kim KH, Yang P, Kassiri Z, Lakin R, Backx PH. Transcriptomic Bioinformatic Analyses of Atria Uncover Involvement of Pathways Related to Strain and Post-translational Modification of Collagen in Increased Atrial Fibrillation Vulnerability in Intensely Exercised Mice. Front Physiol 2020; 11:605671. [PMID: 33424629 PMCID: PMC7793719 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.605671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common supraventricular tachyarrhythmia that is typically associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and poor cardiovascular health. Paradoxically, endurance athletes are also at risk for AF. While it is well-established that persistent AF is associated with atrial fibrosis, hypertrophy and inflammation, intensely exercised mice showed similar adverse atrial changes and increased AF vulnerability, which required tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling, even though ventricular structure and function improved. To identify some of the molecular factors underlying the chamber-specific and TNF-dependent atrial changes induced by exercise, we performed transcriptome analyses of hearts from wild-type and TNF-knockout mice following exercise for 2 days, 2 or 6 weeks of exercise. Consistent with the central role of atrial stretch arising from elevated venous pressure in AF promotion, all 3 time points were associated with differential regulation of genes in atria linked to mechanosensing (focal adhesion kinase, integrins and cell-cell communications), extracellular matrix (ECM) and TNF pathways, with TNF appearing to play a permissive, rather than causal, role in gene changes. Importantly, mechanosensing/ECM genes were only enriched, along with tubulin- and hypertrophy-related genes after 2 days of exercise while being downregulated at 2 and 6 weeks, suggesting that early reactive strain-dependent remodeling with exercise yields to compensatory adjustments. Moreover, at the later time points, there was also downregulation of both collagen genes and genes involved in collagen turnover, a pattern mirroring aging-related fibrosis. By comparison, twofold fewer genes were differentially regulated in ventricles vs. atria, independently of TNF. Our findings reveal that exercise promotes TNF-dependent atrial transcriptome remodeling of ECM/mechanosensing pathways, consistent with increased preload and atrial stretch seen with exercise. We propose that similar preload-dependent mechanisms are responsible for atrial changes and AF in both CVD patients and athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yena Oh
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sibao Yang
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sayantan Jana
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Xiaodong Gao
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan Debi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dae-Kyum Kim
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kyoung-Han Kim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Robert Lakin
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter H Backx
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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6
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Jiang WF, Xu YJ, Zhao CM, Wang XH, Qiu XB, Liu X, Wu SH, Yang YQ. A novel TBX5 mutation predisposes to familial cardiac septal defects and atrial fibrillation as well as bicuspid aortic valve. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20200142. [PMID: 33306779 PMCID: PMC7783509 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TBX5 has been linked to Holt-Oram syndrome, with congenital heart defect (CHD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) being two major cardiac phenotypes. However, the prevalence of a TBX5 variation in patients with CHD and AF remains obscure. In this research, by sequencing analysis of TBX5 in 178 index patients with both CHD and AF, a novel heterozygous variation, NM_000192.3: c.577G>T; p.(Gly193*), was identified in one index patient with CHD and AF as well as bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), with an allele frequency of approximately 0.28%. Genetic analysis of the proband's pedigree showed that the variation co-segregated with the diseases. The pathogenic variation was not detected in 292 unrelated healthy subjects. Functional analysis by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system showed that the Gly193*-mutant TBX5 protein failed to transcriptionally activate its target genes MYH6 and NPPA. Moreover, the mutation nullified the synergistic transactivation between TBX5 and GATA4 as well as NKX2-5. Additionally, whole-exome sequencing analysis showed no other genes contributing to the diseases. This investigation firstly links a pathogenic variant in the TBX5 gene to familial CHD and AF as well as BAV, suggesting that CHD and AF as well as BAV share a common developmental basis in a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Feng Jiang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Fudan University, Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui-Mei Zhao
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Hua Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Hui Wu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Fudan University, Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University, Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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7
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Laforest B, Dai W, Tyan L, Lazarevic S, Shen KM, Gadek M, Broman MT, Weber CR, Moskowitz IP. Atrial fibrillation risk loci interact to modulate Ca2+-dependent atrial rhythm homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4937-4950. [PMID: 31609246 DOI: 10.1172/jci124231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), defined by disorganized atrial cardiac rhythm, is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia worldwide. Recent genetic studies have highlighted a major heritable component and identified numerous loci associated with AF risk, including the cardiogenic transcription factor genes TBX5, GATA4, and NKX2-5. We report that Tbx5 and Gata4 interact with opposite signs for atrial rhythm controls compared with cardiac development. Using mouse genetics, we found that AF pathophysiology caused by Tbx5 haploinsufficiency, including atrial arrhythmia susceptibility, prolonged action potential duration, and ectopic cardiomyocyte depolarizations, were all rescued by Gata4 haploinsufficiency. In contrast, Nkx2-5 haploinsufficiency showed no combinatorial effect. The molecular basis of the TBX5/GATA4 interaction included normalization of intra-cardiomyocyte calcium flux and expression of calcium channel genes Atp2a2 and Ryr2. Furthermore, GATA4 and TBX5 showed antagonistic interactions on an Ryr2 enhancer. Atrial rhythm instability caused by Tbx5 haploinsufficiency was rescued by a decreased dose of phospholamban, a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor, consistent with a role for decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium flux in Tbx5-dependent AF susceptibility. This work defines a link between Tbx5 dose, sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium flux, and AF propensity. The unexpected interactions between Tbx5 and Gata4 in atrial rhythm control suggest that evaluating specific interactions between genetic risk loci will be necessary for ascertaining personalized risk from genetic association data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leonid Tyan
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael T Broman
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics.,Department of Pathology, and
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8
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Development, physiological growth and the response of the heart to injury are accompanied by changes of the transcriptome and epigenome of cardiac myocytes. Recently, cell sorting and next generation sequencing techniques have been applied to determine cardiac myocyte-specific transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. This review provides a comprehensive overview of studies analysing the transcriptome and epigenome of cardiac myocytes in mouse and human hearts during development, physiological growth and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Adult cardiac myocytes express > 12,600 genes, and their expression levels correlate positively with active histone marks and inversely with gene body DNA methylation. DNA methylation accompanied the perinatal switch in sarcomere or metabolic isoform gene expression in cardiac myocytes, but remained rather stable in heart disease. DNA methylation and histone marks identified > 100,000 cis-regulatory regions in the cardiac myocyte epigenome with a dynamic spectrum of transcription factor binding sites. The ETS-related transcription factor ETV1 was identified as an atrial-specific element involved in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation. Thus, dynamic development of the atrial vs. ventricular cardiac myocyte epigenome provides a basis to identify location and time-dependent mechanisms of epigenetic control to shape pathological gene expression during heart disease. Identifying the four dimensions of the cardiac myocyte epigenome, atrial vs. ventricular location, time during development and growth, and disease-specific signals, may ultimately lead to new treatment strategies for heart disease.
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9
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Potekhina VM, Averina OA, Razumov AA, Kuzmin VS, Rozenshtraukh LV. The local repolarization heterogeneity in the murine pulmonary veins myocardium contributes to the spatial distribution of the adrenergically induced ectopic foci. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:1041-1055. [PMID: 31724110 PMCID: PMC10717041 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An atrial tachyarrhythmias is predominantly triggered by a proarrhythmic activity originate from the pulmonary veins (PV) myocardial sleeves; sympathetic or adrenergic stimulation facilitates PV proarrhythmia. In the present study the electrophysiological inhomogeneity, spatiotemporal characteristics of the adrenergically induced ectopic firing and sympathetic nerves distribution have been investigated in a murine PV myocardium to clarify mechanisms of adrenergic PV ectopy. Electrically paced murine PV demonstrate atrial-like pattern of conduction and atrial-like action potentials (AP) with longest duration in the mouth of PV. The application of norepinephrine (NE), agonists of α- and β-adrenergic receptors (ARs) or intracardiac nerves stimulation induced spontaneous AP in a form of periodical bursts or continuous firing. NE- or ARs agonists-induced SAP originated from unifocal ectopic foci with predominant localization in the region surrounding PV mouth, but not in the distal portions of a murine PV myocardium. A higher level of catecholamine content and catecholamine fiber network density was revealed in the PV myocardial sleeves relative to LA appendage. However, no significant local variation of catecholamine content and fiber density was observed in the murine PV. In conclusion, PV mouth region appear to be a most susceptible to adrenergic proarrhythmia in mice. Intrinsic spatial heterogeneity of AP duration can be considered as a factor influencing localization of the ectopic foci in PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Potekhina
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234, Moscow, Russia.
| | - O A Averina
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Razumov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - V S Kuzmin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
| | - L V Rozenshtraukh
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medicine Research Cardiological Complex, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Hoffmann S, Paone C, Sumer SA, Diebold S, Weiss B, Roeth R, Clauss S, Klier I, Kääb S, Schulz A, Wild PS, Ghrib A, Zeller T, Schnabel RB, Just S, Rappold GA. Functional Characterization of Rare Variants in the SHOX2 Gene Identified in Sinus Node Dysfunction and Atrial Fibrillation. Front Genet 2019; 10:648. [PMID: 31354791 PMCID: PMC6637028 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinus node dysfunction (SND) and atrial fibrillation (AF) often coexist; however, the molecular mechanisms linking both conditions remain elusive. Mutations in the homeobox-containing SHOX2 gene have been recently associated with early-onset and familial AF. Shox2 is a key regulator of sinus node development, and its deficiency leads to bradycardia, as demonstrated in animal models. To provide an extended SHOX2 gene analysis in patients with distinct arrhythmias, we investigated SHOX2 as a susceptibility gene for SND and AF by screening 98 SND patients and 450 individuals with AF. The functional relevance of the novel mutations was investigated in vivo and in vitro, together with the previously reported p.H283Q variant. A heterozygous missense mutation (p.P33R) was identified in the SND cohort and four heterozygous variants (p.G77D, p.L129=, p.L130F, p.A293=) in the AF cohort. Overexpression of the pathogenic predicted mutations in zebrafish revealed pericardial edema for p.G77D and the positive control p.H283Q, whereas the p.P33R and p.A293= variants showed no effect. In addition, a dominant-negative effect with reduced heart rates was detected for p.G77D and p.H283Q. In vitro reporter assays demonstrated for both missense variants p.P33R and p.G77D significantly impaired transactivation activity, similar to the described p.H283Q variant. Also, a reduced Bmp4 target gene expression was revealed in zebrafish hearts upon overexpression of the p.P33R mutant. This study associates additional rare variants in the SHOX2 gene implicated in the susceptibility to distinct arrhythmias and allows frequency estimations in the AF cohort (3/990). We also demonstrate for the first time a genetic link between SND and AF involving SHOX2. Moreover, our data highlight the importance of functional investigations of rare variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hoffmann
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Paone
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon A Sumer
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Diebold
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Birgit Weiss
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralph Roeth
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Clauss
- Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ina Klier
- Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulz
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adil Ghrib
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg (UHZ), University Hospital Hamburg/Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg (UHZ), University Hospital Hamburg/Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renate B Schnabel
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg (UHZ), University Hospital Hamburg/Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Just
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gudrun A Rappold
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Sapelnikov OV, Kulikov AA, Favorova OO, Matveeva NA, Cherkashin DI, Nikolaeva OA, Akchurin RS. Genetic, Epigenetic and Transcription Factors in Atrial Fibrillation. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2019-15-3-407-415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmia that occurs in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Congenital forms of AF are quite rare. Many studies have shown that genetic, epigenetic and transcription factors may play an important role in the development and the progression of AF. In our review, studies have been conducted on the identification of mutations in ionic and non-ionic channels, possibly associated with AF. These mutations were found only in isolated groups of patients with AF, and in general, monogenic forms of AF are a rare subtype of the disease. Genomic association studies have helped to identify potential links between single nucleotide polymorphisms and AF. The risk of AF in the general population is likely to be determined by the interaction between environmental factors and many alleles. In recent years, the emergence of a genome-wide associative studies has significantly expanded the understanding of the genetic basis for the inheritance of AF and has led to the emergence of new evidence of the important role of genetic factors in the development of AF, in the risk stratification of AF and the recurrence of AF. Epigenetic factors are also important in AF. Epigenetic therapy aimed at treating a disease through exposure to epigenome is currently under development. A newly emerged area of ablatogenomics includes the use of genetic profiles that allow assessing the likelihood of recurrence of AF after catheter ablation. The results of genetic studies in AF show that, in addition to their role in the appearance of congenital heart pathologies, transcription factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - O. O. Favorova
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - N. A. Matveeva
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
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12
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Zhang YQ, Jiang YF, Hong L, Yang HJ, Zhang JY, Zhou YF. Role of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Polymorphisms in Atrial Fibrillation: A PRISMA-Compliant Meta-Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2687-2694. [PMID: 30977468 PMCID: PMC6475123 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research interest in endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) polymorphisms and atrial fibrillation (AF) has grown in last recent years, but the results of individual studies are inconsistent due to their small sample sizes. MATERIAL AND METHODS We searched databases for eligible studies on eNOS and AF, extracted the relevant data, and rigorously screened them according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, we evaluated the study quality according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale score, and we pooled the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by using a random-effects model or fixed-effects model based on inter-study heterogeneity. In addition, we performed subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis and assessed publication bias. RESULTS According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we finally found 8 studies in this search. The recessive (OR=0.81; 95% CI=0.67 to 0.97; p=0.988; I²=0.0%) model showed that the eNOS 786T/C polymorphism was relevant to AF. We also found that the eNOS 786T/C polymorphism decreases the risk of AF, especially in white people (OR=0.81; 95% CI=0.67 to 0.97; P=0.023 for recessive model) and in the control population (OR=0.79; 95% CI=0.65 to 0.97; P=0.022 for recessive model). We found no obvious publication bias. CONCLUSIONS The eNOS gene loci 786T/C polymorphism is relevant to the risk of AF. Our results suggest that the 786T/C polymorphism significantly decreases AF risks in white people and control populations. Larger studies are required for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yu-Feng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Lu Hong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Hua-Jia Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jun-Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ya-Feng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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13
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Yan ZT, Huang JM, Luo WL, Liu JW, Zhou K. Combined metabolic, phenomic and genomic data to prioritize atrial fibrillation-related metabolites. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3929-3934. [PMID: 31007735 PMCID: PMC6468506 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites in atrial fibrillation (AF) were characterized to further explore the molecular mechanisms of AF by integrating metabolic, phenomic and genomic data. Gene expression data on AF (E-GEOD-79768) were downloaded from the EMBL-EBI database, followed by identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) which were used to construct gene-gene network. Then, multi-omics composite networks were constructed. Subsequently, random walk with restart was expanded to a multi-omics composite network to identify and prioritize the metabolites according to the AF-related seed genes deposited in the OMIM database, the whole metabolome as candidates and the phenotype of AF. Using the interaction score among metabolites, we extracted the top 50 metabolites, and identified the top 100 co-expressed genes interacted with the top 50 metabolites. Based on the FDR <0.05, 622 DEGs were extracted. In order to demonstrate the intrinsic mode of this method, we sorted the metabolites of the composite network in descending order based on the interaction scores. The top 5 metabolites were respectively weighed potassium, sodium ion, chitin, benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-oxide, and celebrex (TN). Potassium and sodium ion possessed higher degrees in the subnetwork of the entire composite network and the co-expressed network. Metabolites such as potassium and sodium ion may provide valuable clues for early diagnostic and therapeutic targets for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Tao Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Mei Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Li Luo
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Wen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Midong Hospital of the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Kang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
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14
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Rommel C, Rösner S, Lother A, Barg M, Schwaderer M, Gilsbach R, Bömicke T, Schnick T, Mayer S, Doll S, Hesse M, Kretz O, Stiller B, Neumann FJ, Mann M, Krane M, Fleischmann BK, Ravens U, Hein L. The Transcription Factor ETV1 Induces Atrial Remodeling and Arrhythmia. Circ Res 2018; 123:550-563. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Rommel
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (C.R., S.R., A.L., M.B., M.S., R.G., T.B., T.S., S.M., L.H.)
| | - Stephan Rösner
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (C.R., S.R., A.L., M.B., M.S., R.G., T.B., T.S., S.M., L.H.)
| | - Achim Lother
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (C.R., S.R., A.L., M.B., M.S., R.G., T.B., T.S., S.M., L.H.)
- Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine (A.L.)
| | - Margareta Barg
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (C.R., S.R., A.L., M.B., M.S., R.G., T.B., T.S., S.M., L.H.)
| | - Martin Schwaderer
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (C.R., S.R., A.L., M.B., M.S., R.G., T.B., T.S., S.M., L.H.)
| | - Ralf Gilsbach
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (C.R., S.R., A.L., M.B., M.S., R.G., T.B., T.S., S.M., L.H.)
| | - Timo Bömicke
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (C.R., S.R., A.L., M.B., M.S., R.G., T.B., T.S., S.M., L.H.)
- University of Freiburg, Germany; Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology II, Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (T.B., F.-J.N.)
| | - Tilman Schnick
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (C.R., S.R., A.L., M.B., M.S., R.G., T.B., T.S., S.M., L.H.)
- Heart Center, Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine (T.S., B.S.)
| | - Sandra Mayer
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (C.R., S.R., A.L., M.B., M.S., R.G., T.B., T.S., S.M., L.H.)
| | - Sophia Doll
- Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany (S.D., M.M.)
| | - Michael Hesse
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany (M.H., B.K.F.)
| | - Oliver Kretz
- Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (O.K.)
- III, Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (O.K.)
| | - Brigitte Stiller
- Heart Center, Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine (T.S., B.S.)
| | - Franz-Josef Neumann
- University of Freiburg, Germany; Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology II, Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (T.B., F.-J.N.)
| | - Matthias Mann
- Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany (S.D., M.M.)
| | - Markus Krane
- Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technische Universität München, Germany (M.K.)
- INSURE (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Cardiovascular Surgery, Munich, Germany (M.K.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Bernd K. Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany (M.H., B.K.F.)
| | - Ursula Ravens
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Germany (U.R.)
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (U.R.)
| | - Lutz Hein
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (C.R., S.R., A.L., M.B., M.S., R.G., T.B., T.S., S.M., L.H.)
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies (L.H.)
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15
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Yan H, Jiang E, Zhu H, Hu L, Liu J, Qu L. The novel 22 bp insertion mutation in a promoter region of the <i>PITX2</i> gene is associated with litter size and growth traits in goats. Arch Anim Breed 2018. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-61-329-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. The paired-like homeodomain 2 (PITX2) gene plays a critical role in
regulating development, reproduction, and growth traits in ruminants. Hence,
the objective of this study was to explore the polymorphisms of this gene and
to evaluate their associations with quantitative traits. Herein, a novel
insertion in the promoter region of the PITX2 gene was reported in
Shaanbei white cashmere (SBWC) goats (n=1012). The genotype distributions
between mothers of single-kid and multi-kid groups within SBWC goats were
significantly different (P<0.01), implying that this indel mutation might
affect the litter size. Furthermore, association analysis found that this
indel mutation was significantly associated with litter size (P=0.001).
Individuals with genotype DD had a significantly smaller litter size than
those with other genotypes (P<0.01). Besides, this indel was significantly
associated with the body length (P=0.042) and the chest width (P=0.031). Especially, the individuals with genotype DD had a significantly
lower body length than those with genotype II (P<0.05), which was
consistent with the trend in litter size. These findings suggested that the
new 22 bp indel mutation within the PITX2 gene is significantly
associated with litter size and growth traits; this can be utilized as a
functional molecular marker in goat breeding.
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16
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Bruyneel AAN, McKeithan WL, Feyen DAM, Mercola M. Using iPSC Models to Probe Regulation of Cardiac Ion Channel Function. Curr Cardiol Rep 2018; 20:57. [DOI: 10.1007/s11886-018-1000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Wang W, Zhu Y, Yi J, Cheng W. Nkx2.5/CARP signaling pathway contributes to the regulation of ion channel remodeling induced by rapid pacing in rat atrial myocytes. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3848-54. [PMID: 27600472 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodeling of atrial electrophysiology and structure is the primary feature of atrial fibrillation (AF). Evidence suggests that abnormalities in the expression levels of embryological cardiovascular development‑associated transcription factors, including Nkx2.5, are crucial for the development of AF. Rat atrial myocardial cells (AMCs) in culture dishes were placed in an electric field and stimulated. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastucture prior to and following rapid pacing. The action potential durations and effective refractory periods were measured. RT‑PCR and western blotting were performed to investigate the effect of rapid pacing on the expression levels of ion channel and nuclear proteins in AMCs. Nkx2.5 short interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection was performed. Through this in vitro rat AMC culture and rapid pacing model, it was demonstrated that rapid pacing shortened the action potential and downregulated the expression levels of L‑type calcium and potassium channels. Expression levels of Nkx2.5 and cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP) were significantly upregulated by rapid pacing at the mRNA and protein levels. siRNA‑mediated Nkx2.5 silencing attenuated the rapid pacing‑induced downreglation of ion channel levels. These results suggest that the Nkx2.5/CARP signaling pathway contributes to the early electrical remodeling process of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Jianguang Yi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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18
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Hoffmann S, Clauss S, Berger IM, Weiß B, Montalbano A, Röth R, Bucher M, Klier I, Wakili R, Seitz H, Schulze-Bahr E, Katus HA, Flachsbart F, Nebel A, Guenther SP, Bagaev E, Rottbauer W, Kääb S, Just S, Rappold GA. Coding and non-coding variants in the SHOX2 gene in patients with early-onset atrial fibrillation. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:36. [PMID: 27138930 PMCID: PMC4853439 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia with a strong genetic component. Molecular pathways involving the homeodomain transcription factor Shox2 control the development and function of the cardiac conduction system in mouse and zebrafish. Here we report the analysis of human SHOX2 as a potential susceptibility gene for early-onset AF. To identify causal variants and define the underlying mechanisms, results from 378 patients with early-onset AF before the age of 60 years were analyzed and compared to 1870 controls or reference datasets. We identified two missense mutations (p.G81E, p.H283Q), that were predicted as damaging. Transactivation studies using SHOX2 targets and phenotypic rescue experiments in zebrafish demonstrated that the p.H283Q mutation severely affects SHOX2 pacemaker function. We also demonstrate an association between a 3'UTR variant c.*28T>C of SHOX2 and AF (p = 0.00515). Patients carrying this variant present significantly longer PR intervals. Mechanistically, this variant creates a functional binding site for hsa-miR-92b-5p. Circulating hsa-miR-92b-5p plasma levels were significantly altered in AF patients carrying the 3'UTR variant (p = 0.0095). Finally, we demonstrate significantly reduced SHOX2 expression levels in right atrial appendages of AF patients compared to patients with sinus rhythm. Together, these results suggest a genetic contribution of SHOX2 in early-onset AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hoffmann
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, INF 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Clauss
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ina M Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Birgit Weiß
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, INF 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonino Montalbano
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, INF 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralph Röth
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, INF 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Madeline Bucher
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, INF 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ina Klier
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Reza Wakili
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hervé Seitz
- Institut de génétique humaine (CNRS UPR 1142), Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Schulze-Bahr
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Almut Nebel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sabina Pw Guenther
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Erik Bagaev
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Just
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gudrun A Rappold
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, INF 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
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19
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De Sensi F, De Potter T, Cresti A, Severi S, Breithardt G. Atrial fibrillation in patients with diabetes: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2015; 5:364-73. [PMID: 26543823 PMCID: PMC4609900 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2015.06.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains the most frequent sustained cardiac arrhythmia worldwide and its incidence increases with ageing, cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is growing fast and is assuming pandemic proportions mostly due to overnutrition and sedentary habits. Experimental and clinical evidences suggest that DM and AF are strongly interconnected. The present review addresses in detail new molecular pathways implicated in the etiology of AF and their relevance for mechanism-based therapeutic strategies in this setting. Advances in risk stratification, drug therapy (i.e., novel anticoagulants) and catheter ablation are also described.
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20
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Laish-Farkash A, Suleiman M. Primary Versus Secondary Atrial Fibrillation: Is it Time for a Different Classification of Atrial Fibrillation? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2015; 26:1295-7. [PMID: 26391544 DOI: 10.1111/jce.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avishag Laish-Farkash
- Electrophysiology and Pacing Unit, Department of Cardiology, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | - Mahmoud Suleiman
- Electrophysiology and Pacing Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, and Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israeli Institute of Technology, Israel
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21
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Hirsh BJ, Copeland-Halperin RS, Halperin JL. Fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, and thromboembolism: mechanistic links and clinical inferences. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:2239-51. [PMID: 25998669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.03.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The association of atrial fibrillation (AF) with ischemic stroke has long been recognized; yet, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this relationship are incompletely understood. Clinical schemas, such as the CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke/transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65 to 74 years, sex category) score, incompletely account for thromboembolic risk, and emerging evidence suggests that stroke can occur in patients with AF even after sinus rhythm is restored. Atrial fibrosis correlates with both the persistence and burden of AF, and gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is gaining utility for detection and quantification of the fibrotic substrate, but methodological challenges limit its use. Factors related to evolution of the thrombogenic fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy support the view that AF is a marker of stroke risk regardless of whether or not the arrhythmia is sustained. Antithrombotic therapy should be guided by a comprehensive assessment of intrinsic risk rather than the presence or absence of AF at a given time.
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22
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Torrado M, Franco D, Lozano-Velasco E, Hernández-Torres F, Calviño R, Aldama G, Centeno A, Castro-Beiras A, Mikhailov A. A MicroRNA-Transcription Factor Blueprint for Early Atrial Arrhythmogenic Remodeling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:263151. [PMID: 26221584 PMCID: PMC4499376 DOI: 10.1155/2015/263151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous self-terminating atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common heart rhythm disorders, yet the regulatory molecular mechanisms underlying this syndrome are rather unclear. MicroRNA (miRNA) transcriptome and expression of candidate transcription factors (TFs) with potential roles in arrhythmogenesis, such as Pitx2, Tbx5, and myocardin (Myocd), were analyzed by microarray, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting in left atrial (LA) samples from pigs with transitory AF established by right atrial tachypacing. Induced ectopic tachyarrhythmia caused rapid and substantial miRNA remodeling associated with a marked downregulation of Pitx2, Tbx5, and Myocd expression in atrial myocardium. The downregulation of Pitx2, Tbx5, and Myocd was inversely correlated with upregulation of the corresponding targeting miRNAs (miR-21, miR-10a/10b, and miR-1, resp.) in the LA of paced animals. Through in vitro transient transfections of HL-1 atrial myocytes, we further showed that upregulation of miR-21 did result in downregulation of Pitx2 in cardiomyocyte background. The results suggest that immediate-early miRNA remodeling coupled with deregulation of TF expression underlies the onset of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Torrado
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of La Coruña, 15006 La Coruña, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | - Ramón Calviño
- University Hospital Center of La Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Alexander Mikhailov
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of La Coruña, 15006 La Coruña, Spain
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23
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Mahida S, Sacher F, Derval N, Berte B, Yamashita S, Hooks D, Denis A, Amraoui S, Hocini M, Haissaguerre M, Jais P. Science Linking Pulmonary Veins and Atrial Fibrillation. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2015; 4:40-3. [PMID: 26835098 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2015.4.1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanistic basis of atrial fibrillation (AF). One of the most important discoveries in this context has been that pulmonary veins (PV) play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of AF. PV isolation has since become the most widely used technique for treatment of paroxysmal AF. Multiple studies have demonstrated that the electrophysiological and anatomical characteristics of PVs create a proarrhythmogenic substrate. The following review discusses the mechanistic links between PVs and AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saagar Mahida
- Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque and Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frederic Sacher
- Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque and Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Derval
- Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque and Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benjamin Berte
- Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque and Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Seigo Yamashita
- Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque and Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Darren Hooks
- Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque and Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Arnaud Denis
- Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque and Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sana Amraoui
- Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque and Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Meleze Hocini
- Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque and Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michel Haissaguerre
- Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque and Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Jais
- Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque and Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
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24
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Wang J, Zhang DF, Sun YM, Li RG, Qiu XB, Qu XK, Liu X, Fang WY, Yang YQ. NKX2-6 mutation predisposes to familial atrial fibrillation. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:1581-90. [PMID: 25319568 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of sustained cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with substantially increased morbidity and mortality rates. Aggregating evidence demonstrates that genetic defects are involved in the pathogenesis of AF and a number of AF-associated genes have been identified. Nevertheless, AF is a genetically heterogeneous disorder and the genetic components underpinning AF in an overwhelming majority of patients remain unclear. In this study, the entire coding exons and splice junction sites of the NK2 homeobox 6 (NKX2-6) gene, which encodes a homeodomain transcription factor important for cardiovascular development, were sequenced in 150 unrelated patients with lone AF, and a novel heterozygous NKX2-6 mutation, p.Q175H, was identified in an index patient. Genetic analysis of the available family members of the mutation carrier revealed that the mutation co-segregated with AF transmitted in an autosomal dominant pattern. The missense mutation was absent in the 200 unrelated ethnically matched healthy individuals used as controls and the altered amino acid was completely conserved evolutionarily among species. Due to unknown transcriptional targets of NKX2-6, the functional characteristics of the mutation as regards transcriptional activity were analyzed using NKX2-5 as a surrogate. Alignment between human NKX2-6 and NKX2-5 proteins displayed that the Q175H-mutant NKX2-6 was equivalent to the Q181H-mutant NKX2-5, and the introduction of Q181H into NKX2-5 significantly decreased its transcriptional activity at the atrial natriuretic factor promoter. The present study firstly associates genetically defective NKX2-6 with enhanced susceptibility to AF, providing novel insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying AF and suggesting potential strategies for the antenatal prophylaxis and personalized treatment of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Dai-Fu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Min Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Jing-An District Central Hospital, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Gu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Kai Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Yi Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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25
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Yao M, Cao Y, Zhu H, Chen Y, Zhu T, Xiao J. Paired-like homeodomain 2: a novel therapeutic target for atrial fibrillation? Front Genet 2014; 5:74. [PMID: 24782888 PMCID: PMC3997000 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mengchao Yao
- Regeneration Lab and Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University Shanghai, China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Science, Shanghai University Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Cao
- Regeneration Lab and Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University Shanghai, China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Science, Shanghai University Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Regeneration Lab and Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University Shanghai, China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Science, Shanghai University Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Regeneration Lab and Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University Shanghai, China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Science, Shanghai University Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhao Zhu
- Regeneration Lab and Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University Shanghai, China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Science, Shanghai University Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Regeneration Lab and Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University Shanghai, China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Science, Shanghai University Shanghai, China ; Innovative Drug Research Center of Shanghai University Shanghai, China
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26
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Santulli G, Iaccarino G, De Luca N, Trimarco B, Condorelli G. Atrial fibrillation and microRNAs. Front Physiol 2014; 5:15. [PMID: 24478726 PMCID: PMC3900852 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, especially in the elderly, and has a significant genetic component. Recently, several independent investigators have demonstrated a functional role for small non-coding RNAs (microRNAs) in the pathophysiology of this cardiac arrhythmia. This report represents a systematic and updated appraisal of the main studies that established a mechanistic association between specific microRNAs and AF, focusing both on the regulation of electrical and structural remodeling of cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University Hospital Naples, Italy ; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University Hospital Naples, Italy ; Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York Presbyterian Hospital - Manhattan New York, NY, USA
| | - Guido Iaccarino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno Salerno, Italy ; IRCCS "Multimedica," Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola De Luca
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University Hospital Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University Hospital Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center Rozzano (Milan), Italy ; University of Milan Milan, Italy
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