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Giovou AE, Gladka MM, Christoffels VM. The Impact of Natriuretic Peptides on Heart Development, Homeostasis, and Disease. Cells 2024; 13:931. [PMID: 38891063 PMCID: PMC11172276 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
During mammalian heart development, the clustered genes encoding peptide hormones, Natriuretic Peptide A (NPPA; ANP) and B (NPPB; BNP), are transcriptionally co-regulated and co-expressed predominately in the atrial and ventricular trabecular cardiomyocytes. After birth, expression of NPPA and a natural antisense transcript NPPA-AS1 becomes restricted to the atrial cardiomyocytes. Both NPPA and NPPB are induced by cardiac stress and serve as markers for cardiovascular dysfunction or injury. NPPB gene products are extensively used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for various cardiovascular disorders. Membrane-localized guanylyl cyclase receptors on many cell types throughout the body mediate the signaling of the natriuretic peptide ligands through the generation of intracellular cGMP, which interacts with and modulates the activity of cGMP-activated kinase and other enzymes and ion channels. The natriuretic peptide system plays a fundamental role in cardio-renal homeostasis, and its potent diuretic and vasodilatory effects provide compensatory mechanisms in cardiac pathophysiological conditions and heart failure. In addition, both peptides, but also CNP, have important intracardiac actions during heart development and homeostasis independent of the systemic functions. Exploration of the intracardiac functions may provide new leads for the therapeutic utility of natriuretic peptide-mediated signaling in heart diseases and rhythm disorders. Here, we review recent insights into the regulation of expression and intracardiac functions of NPPA and NPPB during heart development, homeostasis, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Giovou
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monika M Gladka
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Dabaghie D, Charrin E, Tonelius P, Rosengren B, Korkut G, Granqvist AB, Lal M, Patrakka J. Unraveling the role of natriuretic peptide clearance receptor (NPR3) in glomerular diseases. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11850. [PMID: 38782980 PMCID: PMC11116399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are cardio-derived hormones that have a crucial role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Physiological effects of NPs are mediated by binding to natriuretic peptide receptors 1 and 2 (NPR1/2), whereas natriuretic peptide receptor 3 (NPR3) acts as a clearance receptor that removes NPs from the circulation. Mouse studies have shown that local NP-signaling in the kidney glomerulus is important for the maintenance of renal homeostasis. In this study we examined the expression of NPR3 in kidney tissue and explored its involvement in renal physiology and disease by generating podocyte-specific knockout mice (NPR3podKO) as well as by using an NPR3 inhibitor (NPR3i) in rodent models of kidney disease. NPR3 was highly expressed by podocytes. NPR3podKO animals showed no renal abnormalities under healthy conditions and responded similarly to nephrotoxic serum (NTS) induced glomerular injury. However, NPR3i showed reno-protective effects in the NTS-induced model evidenced by decreased glomerulosclerosis and reduced podocyte loss. In a ZSF1 rat model of diabetic kidney injury, therapy alone with NPR3i did not have beneficial effects on renal function/histology, but when combined with losartan (angiotensin receptor blocker), NPR3i potentiated its ameliorative effects on albuminuria. In conclusion, these results suggest that NPR3 may contribute to kidney disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Dabaghie
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emmanuelle Charrin
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Tonelius
- Bioscience Renal, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), R&D Biopharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Rosengren
- Bioscience Renal, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), R&D Biopharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gizem Korkut
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anna B Granqvist
- Bioscience Renal, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), R&D Biopharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mark Lal
- Bioscience Renal, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), R&D Biopharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
- Department of Pathology, Unilabs, Stockholm, Sweden.
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3
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Arabia G, Bellicini MG, Cersosimo A, Memo M, Mazzarotto F, Inciardi RM, Cerini M, Chen LY, Aboelhassan M, Benzoni P, Mitacchione G, Bontempi L, Curnis A. Ion channel dysfunction and fibrosis in atrial fibrillation: Two sides of the same coin. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2024; 47:417-428. [PMID: 38375940 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common heart rhythm disorder that is associated with an increased risk of stroke and heart failure (HF). Initially, an association between AF and ion channel dysfunction was identified, classifying the pathology as a predominantly electrical disease. More recently it has been recognized that fibrosis and structural atrial remodeling play a driving role in the development of this arrhythmia also in these cases. PURPOSE Understanding the role of fibrosis in genetic determined AF could be important to better comprise the pathophysiology of this arrhythmia and to refine its management also in nongenetic forms. In this review we analyze genetic and epigenetic mechanisms responsible for AF and their link with atrial fibrosis, then we will consider analogies with the pathophysiological mechanism in nongenetic AF, and discuss consequent therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Arabia
- Cardiology Department, Spedali Civili Hospital, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Angelica Cersosimo
- Cardiology Department, Spedali Civili Hospital, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Mazzarotto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London (F.M., J. Ware), London, UK
| | | | - Manuel Cerini
- Cardiology Department, Spedali Civili Hospital, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lin Yee Chen
- University of Minnesota (L.Y.C.), Minneapolis, USA
| | | | - Patrizia Benzoni
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luca Bontempi
- Unit of Cardiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology and, Electrostimulation Laboratory, "Bolognini" Hospital of Seriate - ASST Bergamo Est, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Antonio Curnis
- Cardiology Department, Spedali Civili Hospital, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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4
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Gorman RA, Yakobov S, Polidovitch N, Debi R, Sanfrancesco VC, Hood DA, Lakin R, Backx PH. The effects of daily dose of intense exercise on cardiac responses and atrial fibrillation. J Physiol 2024; 602:569-596. [PMID: 38319954 DOI: 10.1113/jp285697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia that is strongly associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease and sedentary lifestyles. Despite the benefits of exercise on overall health, AF incidence in high-level endurance athletes rivals that of CV disease patients, suggesting a J-shaped relationship with AF. To investigate the dependence of AF vulnerability on exercise, we varied daily swim durations (120, 180 or 240 min day-1 ) in 7-week-old male CD1 mice. We assessed mice after performing equivalent amounts of cumulative work during swimming (i.e. ∼700 L O2 kg-1 ), as determined from O2 consumption rates (V ̇ O 2 ${\dot V_{{{\mathrm{O}}_2}}}$ ). The meanV ̇ O 2 ${\dot V_{{{\mathrm{O}}_2}}}$ during exercise increased progressively throughout the training period and was indistinguishable between the swim groups. Consistent with similar improvements in aerobic conditioning induced by swimming, skeletal muscle mitochondria content increased (P = 0.027) indistinguishably between exercise groups. Physiological ventricular remodelling, characterized by mild hypertrophy and left ventricular dilatation, was also similar between exercised mice without evidence of ventricular arrhythmia inducibility. By contrast, prolongation of daily swim durations caused progressive and vagal-dependent heart rate reductions (P = 0.008), as well as increased (P = 0.005) AF vulnerability. As expected, vagal inhibition prolonged (P = 0.013) atrial refractoriness, leading to reduced AF vulnerability, although still inducible in the 180 and 240 min swim groups. Accordingly, daily swim dose progressively increased atrial hypertrophy (P = 0.003), fibrosis (P < 0.001) and macrophage accumulation (P = 0.006) without differentially affecting the ventricular tissue properties. Thus, increasing daily exercise duration drives progressively adverse atrial-specific remodelling and vagal-dependent AF vulnerability despite robust and beneficial aerobic conditioning and physiological remodelling of ventricles and skeletal muscle. KEY POINTS: Previous studies have suggested that a J-shaped dose-response relationship exists between physical activity and cardiovascular health outcomes, with moderate exercise providing protection against many cardiovascular disease conditions, whereas chronic endurance exercise can promote atrial fibrillation (AF). We found that AF vulnerability increased alongside elevated atrial hypertrophy, fibrosis and inflammation as daily swim exercise durations in mice were prolonged (i.e. ≥180 min day-1 for 6 weeks). The MET-h week-1 (based on O2 measurements during swimming) needed to induce increased AF vulnerability mirrored the levels linked to AF in athletes. These adverse atria effects associated with excessive daily exercise occurred despite improved aerobic conditioning, skeletal muscle adaptation and physiological ventricular remodelling. We suggest that atrial-specific changes observed with exercise arise from excessive elevations in venous filling pressures during prolonged exercise bouts, which we argue has implications for all AF patients because elevated atrial pressures occur in most cardiovascular disease conditions as well as ageing which are linked to AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée A Gorman
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simona Yakobov
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ryan Debi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria C Sanfrancesco
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Lakin
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter H Backx
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Eftekhar Z, Haybar H, Mohebbi A, Saki N. Cardiac Complications and COVID-19: A Review of Life-threatening Co-morbidities. Curr Cardiol Rev 2024; 20:1-12. [PMID: 38415433 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x279782240206091322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in the last days of December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The presence of certain co-morbidities, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), are the basis for worse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Relevant English-language literature was searched and retrieved from the Google Scholar search engine and PubMed database up to 2023 using COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Heart failure, Myocardial infarction, and Arrhythmia and Cardiac complication as keywords. Increased hemodynamic load, ischemia-related dysfunction, ventricular remodeling, excessive neurohumoral stimulation, abnormal myocyte calcium cycling, and excessive or insufficient extracellular matrix proliferation are associated with heart failure (HF) in COVID-19 patients. Inflammatory reaction due to the excessive release of inflammatory cytokines, leads to myocardial infarction (MI) in these patients. The virus can induce heart arrhythmia through cardiac complications, hypoxia, decreased heart hemodynamics, and remarkable inflammatory markers. Moreover, studies have linked cardiac complications in COVID-19 with poor outcomes, extended hospitalization time, and increased mortality rate. Patients with COVID-19 and CVDs are at higher mortality risk and they should be given high priority when receiving the treatment and intensive care during hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Eftekhar
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Habib Haybar
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohebbi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Liu SM, Zhao Q, Li WJ, Zhao JQ. Advances in the Study of MG53 in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:6073-6082. [PMID: 38152078 PMCID: PMC10752033 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s435030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent a global health crisis, and understanding the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac pathology is crucial for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Mitsugumin-53 (MG53) plays a pivotal role in cell membrane repair, has emerged as a multifaceted player in cardiovascular health. MG53, also known as TRIM72, is primarily expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle and actively participates in membrane repair processes essential for maintaining cardiomyocyte viability. It promotes k-ion currents, ensuring action potential integrity, and actively engages in repairing myocardial and mitochondrial membranes, preserving cardiac function in the face of oxidative stress. This study discusses the dual impact of MG53 on cardiac health, highlighting its cardioprotective role during ischemia/reperfusion injury, its modulation of cardiac arrhythmias, and its influence on cardiomyopathy. MG53's regulation of metabolic pathways, such as lipid metabolism, underlines its role in diabetic cardiomyopathy, while its potential to mitigate the effects of various cardiac disorders, including those induced by antipsychotic medications and alcohol consumption, warrants further exploration. Furthermore, we examine MG53's diagnostic potential as a biomarker for cardiac injury. Research has shown that MG53 levels correlate with cardiomyocyte damage and may predict major adverse cardiovascular events, highlighting its value as a biomarker. Additionally, exogenous recombinant human MG53 (rhMG53) emerges as a promising therapeutic option, demonstrating its ability to reduce infarct size, inhibit apoptosis, and attenuate fibrotic responses. In summary, MG53's diagnostic and therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases presents an exciting avenue for improved patient care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Mei Liu
- Bayannur Hospital Department of Cardiology, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia, 015000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Bayannur Hospital Department of Cardiology, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia, 015000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- Tangshan Central Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, 063008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Quan Zhao
- Bayannur Hospital Department of Cardiology, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia, 015000, People’s Republic of China
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Meng L, Lu Y, Wang X, Cheng C, Xue F, Xie L, Zhang Y, Sui W, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhang C. NPRC deletion attenuates cardiac fibrosis in diabetic mice by activating PKA/PKG and inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad pathways. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd4222. [PMID: 37531438 PMCID: PMC10396312 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add4222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis plays a key role in the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Previous studies demonstrated the cardioprotective effects of natriuretic peptides. However, the effects of natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPRC) on cardiac fibrosis in DCM remains unknown. Here, we observed that myocardial NPRC expression was increased in mice and patients with DCM. NPRC-/- diabetic mice showed alleviated cardiac fibrosis, as well as improved cardiac function and remodeling. NPRC knockdown in both cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes decreased collagen synthesis and proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts. RNA sequencing identified that NPRC deletion up-regulated the expression of TGF-β-induced factor homeobox 1 (TGIF1), which inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad2/3. Furthermore, TGIF1 up-regulation was mediated by the activation of cAMP/PKA and cGMP/PKG signaling induced by NPRC deletion. These findings suggest that NPRC deletion attenuated cardiac fibrosis and improved cardiac remodeling and function in diabetic mice, providing a promising approach to the treatment of diabetic cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Meng
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinlu Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Xue
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Xie
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenhai Sui
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Yun Zhang
- Corresponding author. (Y.Z.); (C.Z.)
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Sarzani R, Allevi M, Di Pentima C, Schiavi P, Spannella F, Giulietti F. Role of Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides in Heart Structure and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214415. [PMID: 36430893 PMCID: PMC9697447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac natriuretic peptides (NPs), atrial NP (ANP) and B-type NP (BNP) are true hormones produced and released by cardiomyocytes, exerting several systemic effects. Together with C-type NP (CNP), mainly expressed by endothelial cells, they also exert several paracrine and autocrine activities on the heart itself, contributing to cardiovascular (CV) health. In addition to their natriuretic, vasorelaxant, metabolic and antiproliferative systemic properties, NPs prevent cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies, counteracting the development and progression of heart failure (HF). Moreover, recent studies revealed that a protein structurally similar to NPs mainly produced by skeletal muscles and osteoblasts called musclin/osteocrin is able to interact with the NPs clearance receptor, attenuating cardiac dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis and promoting heart protection during pathological overload. This narrative review is focused on the direct activities of this molecule family on the heart, reporting both experimental and human studies that are clinically relevant for physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Sarzani
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Nazionale di Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (IRCCS INRCA), 60127 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.S.); Tel.: +39-071-5964696
| | - Massimiliano Allevi
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Nazionale di Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (IRCCS INRCA), 60127 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Pentima
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Nazionale di Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (IRCCS INRCA), 60127 Ancona, Italy
| | - Paola Schiavi
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Nazionale di Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (IRCCS INRCA), 60127 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Spannella
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Nazionale di Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (IRCCS INRCA), 60127 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Federico Giulietti
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Nazionale di Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (IRCCS INRCA), 60127 Ancona, Italy
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9
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Fu F, Pietropaolo M, Cui L, Pandit S, Li W, Tarnavski O, Shetty SS, Liu J, Lussier JM, Murakami Y, Grewal PK, Deyneko G, Turner GM, Taggart AKP, Waters MG, Coughlin S, Adachi Y. Lack of authentic atrial fibrillation in commonly used murine atrial fibrillation models. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0256512. [PMID: 34995278 PMCID: PMC8741011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse is a useful preclinical species for evaluating disease etiology due to the availability of a wide variety of genetically modified strains and the ability to perform disease-modifying manipulations. In order to establish an atrial filtration (AF) model in our laboratory, we profiled several commonly used murine AF models. We initially evaluated a pharmacological model of acute carbachol (CCh) treatment plus atrial burst pacing in C57BL/6 mice. In an effort to observe micro-reentrant circuits indicative of authentic AF, we employed optical mapping imaging in isolated mouse hearts. While CCh reduced atrial refractoriness and increased atrial tachyarrhythmia vulnerability, the left atrial (LA) excitation patterns were rather regular without reentrant circuits or wavelets. Therefore, the atrial tachyarrhythmia resembled high frequency atrial flutter, not typical AF per se. We next examined both a chronic angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion model and the surgical model of transverse aortic constriction (TAC), which have both been reported to induce atrial and ventricular structural changes that serve as a substrates for micro-reentrant AF. Although we observed some extent of atrial remodeling such as fibrosis or enlarged LA diameter, burst pacing-induced atrial tachyarrhythmia vulnerability did not differ from control mice in either model. This again suggested that an AF-like pathophysiology is difficult to demonstrate in the mouse. To continue searching for a valid murine AF model, we studied mice with a cardiac-specific deficiency (KO) in liver kinase B1 (Cardiac-LKB1), which has been reported to exhibit spontaneous AF. Indeed, the electrocardiograms (ECG) of conscious Cardiac-LKB1 KO mice exhibited no P waves and had irregular RR intervals, which are characteristics of AF. Histological evaluation of Cardiac-LKB1 KO mice revealed dilated and fibrotic atria, again consistent with AF. However, atrial electrograms and optical mapping revealed that electrical activity was limited to the sino-atrial node area with no electrical conduction into the atrial myocardium beyond. Thus, Cardiac-LKB1 KO mice have severe atrial myopathy or atrial standstill, but not AF. In summary, the atrial tachyarrhythmias we observed in the four murine models were distinct from typical human AF, which often exhibits micro- or macro-reentrant atrial circuits. Our results suggest that the four murine AF models we examined may not reflect human AF well, and raise a cautionary note for use of those murine models to study AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Fu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Michael Pietropaolo
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Lei Cui
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Shilpa Pandit
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Weiyan Li
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Oleg Tarnavski
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Suraj S. Shetty
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Jing Liu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Jennifer M. Lussier
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Yutaka Murakami
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Prabhjit K. Grewal
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Galina Deyneko
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Gordon M. Turner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Andrew K. P. Taggart
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - M. Gerard Waters
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Shaun Coughlin
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Yuichiro Adachi
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United State of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Gidlöf O. Toward a New Paradigm for Targeted Natriuretic Peptide Enhancement in Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2021; 12:650124. [PMID: 34721050 PMCID: PMC8548580 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.650124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The natriuretic peptide system (NPS) plays a fundamental role in maintaining cardiorenal homeostasis, and its potent filling pressure-regulated diuretic and vasodilatory effects constitute a beneficial compensatory mechanism in heart failure (HF). Leveraging the NPS for therapeutic benefit in HF has been the subject of intense investigation during the last three decades and has ultimately reached widespread clinical use in the form of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition (ARNi). NPS enhancement via ARNi confers beneficial effects on mortality and hospitalization in HF, but inhibition of neprilysin leads to the accumulation of a number of other vasoactive peptides in the circulation, often resulting in hypotension and raising potential concerns over long-term adverse effects. Moreover, ARNi is less effective in the large group of HF patients with preserved ejection fraction. Alternative approaches for therapeutic augmentation of the NPS with increased specificity and efficacy are therefore warranted, and are now becoming feasible particularly with recent development of RNA therapeutics. In this review, the current state-of-the-art in terms of experimental and clinical strategies for NPS augmentation and their implementation will be reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Gidlöf
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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11
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Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, largely associated to morbidity and mortality. Over the past decades, research in appearance and progression of this arrhythmia have turned into significant advances in its management. However, the incidence of AF continues to increase with the aging of the population and many important fundamental and translational underlaying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we review recent advances in molecular and cellular basis for AF initiation, maintenance and progression. We first provide an overview of the basic molecular and electrophysiological mechanisms that lead and characterize AF. Next, we discuss the upstream regulatory factors conducting the underlying mechanisms which drive electrical and structural AF-associated remodeling, including genetic factors (risk variants associated to AF as transcriptional regulators and genetic changes associated to AF), neurohormonal regulation (i.e., cAMP) and oxidative stress imbalance (cGMP and mitochondrial dysfunction). Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic implications of those findings, the knowledge gaps and consider future approaches to improve clinical management.
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12
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Aguilar M, Rose RA, Takawale A, Nattel S, Reilly S. New aspects of endocrine control of atrial fibrillation and possibilities for clinical translation. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1645-1661. [PMID: 33723575 PMCID: PMC8208746 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormones are potent endo-, para-, and autocrine endogenous regulators of the function of multiple organs, including the heart. Endocrine dysfunction promotes a number of cardiovascular diseases, including atrial fibrillation (AF). While the heart is a target for endocrine regulation, it is also an active endocrine organ itself, secreting a number of important bioactive hormones that convey significant endocrine effects, but also through para-/autocrine actions, actively participate in cardiac self-regulation. The hormones regulating heart-function work in concert to support myocardial performance. AF is a serious clinical problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality, mainly due to stroke and heart failure. Current therapies for AF remain inadequate. AF is characterized by altered atrial function and structure, including electrical and profibrotic remodelling in the atria and ventricles, which facilitates AF progression and hampers its treatment. Although features of this remodelling are well-established and its mechanisms are partly understood, important pathways pertinent to AF arrhythmogenesis are still unidentified. The discovery of these missing pathways has the potential to lead to therapeutic breakthroughs. Endocrine dysfunction is well-recognized to lead to AF. In this review, we discuss endocrine and cardiocrine signalling systems that directly, or as a consequence of an underlying cardiac pathology, contribute to AF pathogenesis. More specifically, we consider the roles of products from the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, the adrenal glands, adipose tissue, the renin–angiotensin system, atrial cardiomyocytes, and the thyroid gland in controlling atrial electrical and structural properties. The influence of endocrine/paracrine dysfunction on AF risk and mechanisms is evaluated and discussed. We focus on the most recent findings and reflect on the potential of translating them into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Aguilar
- Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology/Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert A Rose
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Abhijit Takawale
- Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology/Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, and Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany.,IHU LIRYC and Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France
| | - Svetlana Reilly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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13
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miR-520d suppresses rapid pacing-induced apoptosis of atrial myocytes through mediation of ADAM10. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:207-217. [PMID: 33547542 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in various pathological processes like atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, this study was undertaken to probe the roles of ADAM10 and its targeting miR-520d in rapid pacing-induced apoptosis in atrial myocytes. In this study, the atrial myocytes grew adherently with irregular morphology. Immunofluorescence showed that more than 90% of atrial myocytes were α-sarcomeric actin (α-SCA) positive, indicating that the primary cells were positive for α-SCA staining and atrial myocytes were successfully isolated. The pacing atrial myocyte model was established after rapid pacing stimulation and we found the rapid pacing stimulation caused elevated ADAM10 and suppressed miR-520d. CCK-8 assay was applied for evaluation of cell viability, TUNEL staining for assessment of cell apoptosis and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay for verification of the targeting relationship between miR-520d and ADAM10. Overexpression of miR-520d or silencing of ADAM10 could enhance cell viability and reduce cell apoptosis in the rapid pacing-induced atrial myocytes. ADAM10 was a target gene of miR-520d. MiR-520d negatively targeted ADAM10, thereby promoting cell viability and inhibiting apoptosis in rapid pacing atrial myocyte model. In summary, miR-520d enhances atrial myocyte viability and inhibits cell apoptosis in rapid pacing-induced AF mouse model through negative mediation of ADAM10.
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14
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Nso N, Bookani KR, Metzl M, Radparvar F. Role of inflammation in atrial fibrillation: A comprehensive review of current knowledge. J Arrhythm 2021; 37:1-10. [PMID: 33664879 PMCID: PMC7896450 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common cardiac disorders affecting adults and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Efforts to manage AF through anti-arrhythmics and rate control have been largely unsatisfactory. It has become clear that AF causes structural alterations in the atrial myocardium that propagate further AF, and that some of these alterations are the result of inflammation. METHODS An in-depth review of the available literature was undertaken using Google Scholar and keyword searches including [Atrial fibrillation] in combination with [inflammatory markers], [myocardial fibrosis], and [immunomodulators], limiting the search to English language articles. All articles were reviewed for relevance and collated by the author. RESULTS Multiple markers of inflammation have been shown to be elevated in AF and to predict responses to treatments of AF including anti-arrhythmics and cardioversion. The nidus of inflammation is not clear but seems to be related to the pulmonary veins. CONCLUSIONS The inflammatory cascade induces fibrotic changes in the myocardium, an arrhythmogenic process that stimulates further inflammation. Advances in treatment are focusing on biological agents and immunomodulators that inhibit the inflammatory cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nso Nso
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of CardiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/Queens (Queens Hospital Center)JamaicaNYUSA
| | - Kaveh R. Bookani
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine (Northshore Program)University of ChicagoEvanstonILUSA
| | - Mark Metzl
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine (Northshore Program)University of ChicagoEvanstonILUSA
| | - Farshid Radparvar
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of CardiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/Queens (Queens Hospital Center)JamaicaNYUSA
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15
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Babapoor-Farrokhran S, Tarighati Rasekhi R, Gill D, Alzubi J, Mainigi SK. How transforming growth factor contributes to atrial fibrillation? Life Sci 2020; 266:118823. [PMID: 33309721 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinically significant arrhythmia. There are four fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms of AF including: electrical remodeling, structural remodeling, autonomic nervous system changes, and Ca2+ handling abnormalities. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily are cytokines that have the ability to regulate numerous cell functions including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and production of extracellular matrix. During the last decade numerous studies have demonstrated that TGF-β affects the architecture of the heart. TGF-β1 has been shown to be involved in the development and propagation of atrial fibrillation (AF). Investigators have studied TGF-β signaling in AF with the aim of discovering potential therapeutic agents. In this review we discuss the role of TGF-β in atrial fibrillation and specifically its role in atrial structural and electrical remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roozbeh Tarighati Rasekhi
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Deanna Gill
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jafar Alzubi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
| | - Sumeet K Mainigi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA; Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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16
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Zhang M, Wang H, Wang X, Bie M, Lu K, Xiao H. MG53/CAV1 regulates transforming growth factor-β1 signaling-induced atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2734-2744. [PMID: 33000676 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1827183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrosis plays a significant role in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). Previously, we showed that mitsugumin 53 (MG53) regulates TGF-β1 signaling pathway-induced atrial fibrosis. Recent studies have shown that caveolin-1 (CAV1) is an important anti-fibrosis signaling mediator that inhibits the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Here, we further study the mechanism underlying the related action of MG53 and CAV1. We demonstrate that CAV1 expression was decreased while MG53 expression was increased in atrial tissue from AF patients. In cultured atrial fibroblasts, MG53 depletion by siRNA caused CAV1 upregulation and TGF-β1/SMAD2 signaling pathway downregulation, while MG53 overexpression via adenovirus had the opposite effect. CAV1 inactivated the TGF-β1/SMAD2 signaling pathway. In addition, using an Ang II-induced fibrosis model, we show that MG53 regulates TGF-β1 signaling via CAV1. Therefore, CAV1 is critical for the MG53 regulation of TGF-β1 signaling pathway-induced atrial fibrosis in AF. These findings reveal the related underlying mechanism of action of MG53 and CAV1 and provide a potential therapeutic target for fibrosis and AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China.,Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Hechuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjun Bie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China
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17
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Michel JB. Phylogenic Determinants of Cardiovascular Frailty, Focus on Hemodynamics and Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:1779-1837. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the circulatory system from invertebrates to mammals has involved the passage from an open system to a closed in-parallel system via a closed in-series system, accompanying the increasing complexity and efficiency of life’s biological functions. The archaic heart enables pulsatile motion waves of hemolymph in invertebrates, and the in-series circulation in fish occurs with only an endothelium, whereas mural smooth muscle cells appear later. The present review focuses on evolution of the circulatory system. In particular, we address how and why this evolution took place from a closed, flowing, longitudinal conductance at low pressure to a flowing, highly pressurized and bifurcating arterial compartment. However, although arterial pressure was the latest acquired hemodynamic variable, the general teleonomy of the evolution of species is the differentiation of individual organ function, supported by specific fueling allowing and favoring partial metabolic autonomy. This was achieved via the establishment of an active contractile tone in resistance arteries, which permitted the regulation of blood supply to specific organ activities via its localized function-dependent inhibition (active vasodilation). The global resistance to viscous blood flow is the peripheral increase in frictional forces caused by the tonic change in arterial and arteriolar radius, which backscatter as systemic arterial blood pressure. Consequently, the arterial pressure gradient from circulating blood to the adventitial interstitium generates the unidirectional outward radial advective conductance of plasma solutes across the wall of conductance arteries. This hemodynamic evolution was accompanied by important changes in arterial wall structure, supported by smooth muscle cell functional plasticity, including contractility, matrix synthesis and proliferation, endocytosis and phagocytosis, etc. These adaptive phenotypic shifts are due to epigenetic regulation, mainly related to mechanotransduction. These paradigms actively participate in cardio-arterial pathologies such as atheroma, valve disease, heart failure, aneurysms, hypertension, and physiological aging.
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18
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Krylatov AV, Tsibulnikov SY, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Boshchenko AA, Goldberg VE, Jaggi AS, Erben RG, Maslov LN. The Role of Natriuretic Peptides in the Regulation of Cardiac Tolerance to Ischemia/Reperfusion and Postinfarction Heart Remodeling. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2020; 26:131-148. [PMID: 32840121 DOI: 10.1177/1074248420952243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the past 10 years, mortality from acute myocardial infarction has not decreased despite the widespread introduction of percutaneous coronary intervention. The reason for this situation is the absence in clinical practice of drugs capable of preventing reperfusion injury of the heart with high efficiency. In this regard, noteworthy natriuretic peptides (NPs) which have the infarct-limiting effect, prevent reperfusion cardiac injury, prevent adverse post-infarction remodeling of the heart. Atrial natriuretic peptide does not have the infarct-reducing effect in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. NPs have the anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. There is indirect evidence that NPs inhibit pyroptosis and autophagy. Published data indicate that NPs inhibit reactive oxygen species production in cardiomyocytes, aorta, heart, kidney and the endothelial cells. NPs can suppress aldosterone, angiotensin II, endothelin-1 synthesize and secretion. NPs inhibit the effects aldosterone, angiotensin II on the post-receptor level through intracellular signaling events. NPs activate guanylyl cyclase, protein kinase G and protein kinase A, and reduce phosphodiesterase 3 activity. NO-synthase and soluble guanylyl cyclase are involved in the cardioprotective effect of NPs. The cardioprotective effect of natriuretic peptides is mediated via activation of kinases (AMPK, PKC, PI3 K, ERK1/2, p70s6 k, Akt) and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β. The cardioprotective effect of NPs is mediated via sarcolemmal KATP channel and mitochondrial KATP channel opening. The cardioprotective effect of brain natriuretic peptide is mediated via MPT pore closing. The anti-fibrotic effect of NPs may be mediated through inhibition TGF-β1 expression. Natriuretic peptides can inhibit NF-κB activity and activate GATA. Hemeoxygenase-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ may be involved in the infarct-reducing effect of NPs. NPs exhibit the infarct-limiting effect in patients with acute myocardial infarction. NPs prevent post-infarction remodeling of the heart. To finally resolve the question of the feasibility of using NPs in AMI, a multicenter, randomized, blind, placebo-controlled study is needed to assess the effect of NPs on the mortality of patients after AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Krylatov
- Cardiology Research Institute, 164253Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the RAS, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Y Tsibulnikov
- Cardiology Research Institute, 164253Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the RAS, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Alla A Boshchenko
- Cardiology Research Institute, 164253Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the RAS, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Victor E Goldberg
- Cancer Research Institute, 164253Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the RAS, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Amteshwar S Jaggi
- 429174Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Reinhold G Erben
- Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonid N Maslov
- Cardiology Research Institute, 164253Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the RAS, Tomsk, Russia
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19
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Ang YS, Rajamani S, Haldar SM, Hüser J. A New Therapeutic Framework for Atrial Fibrillation Drug Development. Circ Res 2020; 127:184-201. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a highly prevalent cardiac arrhythmia and cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Its increasing prevalence in aging societies constitutes a growing challenge to global healthcare systems. Despite substantial unmet needs in AF prevention and treatment, drug developments hitherto have been challenging, and the current pharmaceutical pipeline is nearly empty. In this review, we argue that current drugs for AF are inadequate because of an oversimplified system for patient classification and the development of drugs that do not interdict underlying disease mechanisms. We posit that an improved understanding of AF molecular pathophysiology related to the continuous identification of novel disease-modifying drug targets and an increased appreciation of patient heterogeneity provide a new framework to personalize AF drug development. Together with recent innovations in diagnostics, remote rhythm monitoring, and big data capabilities, we anticipate that adoption of a new framework for patient subsegmentation based on pathophysiological, genetic, and molecular subsets will improve success rates of clinical trials and advance drugs that reduce the individual patient and public health burden of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Sin Ang
- From Amgen Research, Cardiometabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, CA (Y.-S.A., S.R., S.M.H.)
| | - Sridharan Rajamani
- From Amgen Research, Cardiometabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, CA (Y.-S.A., S.R., S.M.H.)
| | - Saptarsi M. Haldar
- From Amgen Research, Cardiometabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, CA (Y.-S.A., S.R., S.M.H.)
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA (S.M.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA (S.M.H.)
| | - Jörg Hüser
- Bayer AG, Pharma-RD-PCR TA Cardiovascular Disease, Wuppertal, Germany (J.H.)
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20
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Watson CJ, Glezeva N, Horgan S, Gallagher J, Phelan D, McDonald K, Tolan M, Baugh J, Collier P, Ledwidge M. Atrial Tissue Pro-Fibrotic M2 Macrophage Marker CD163+, Gene Expression of Procollagen and B-Type Natriuretic Peptide. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e013416. [PMID: 32431194 PMCID: PMC7428985 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Atrial tissue fibrosis is linked to inflammatory cells, yet is incompletely understood. A growing body of literature associates peripheral blood levels of the antifibrotic hormone BNP (B‐type natriuretic peptide) with atrial fibrillation (AF). We investigated the relationship between pro‐fibrotic tissue M2 macrophage marker Cluster of Differentiation (CD)163+, atrial procollagen expression, and BNP gene expression in patients with and without AF. Methods and Results In a cross‐sectional study design, right atrial tissue was procured from 37 consecutive, consenting, stable patients without heart failure or left ventricular systolic dysfunction, of whom 10 had AF and 27 were non‐AF controls. Samples were analyzed for BNP and fibro‐inflammatory gene expression, as well as fibrosis and CD163+. Primary analyses showed strong correlations (all P<0.008) between M2 macrophage CD163+ staining, procollagen gene expression, and myocardial BNP gene expression across the entire cohort. In secondary analyses without multiplicity adjustments, AF patients had greater left atrial volume index, more valve disease, higher serum BNP, and altered collagen turnover markers versus controls (all P<0.05). AF patients also showed higher atrial tissue M2 macrophage CD163+, collagen volume fraction, gene expression of procollagen 1 and 3, as well as reduced expression of the BNP clearance receptor NPRC (all P<0.05). Atrial procollagen 3 gene expression was correlated with fibrosis and BNP gene expression was correlated with serum BNP. Conclusions Elevated atrial tissue pro‐fibrotic M2 macrophage CD163+ is associated with increased myocardial gene expression of procollagen and anti‐fibrotic BNP and is higher in patients with AF. More work on modulation of BNP signaling for treatment and prevention of AF may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Watson
- Centre for Experimental Medicine Queen's University Belfast Belfast Northern Ireland.,Chronic Cardiovascular Disease Management Unit and Heart Failure Unit St Vincent's Healthcare Group Dublin Ireland.,School of Medicine UCD Conway Institute University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Nadezhda Glezeva
- Chronic Cardiovascular Disease Management Unit and Heart Failure Unit St Vincent's Healthcare Group Dublin Ireland.,School of Medicine UCD Conway Institute University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Stephen Horgan
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA
| | - Joe Gallagher
- Chronic Cardiovascular Disease Management Unit and Heart Failure Unit St Vincent's Healthcare Group Dublin Ireland.,School of Medicine UCD Conway Institute University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Dermot Phelan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH
| | - Ken McDonald
- Chronic Cardiovascular Disease Management Unit and Heart Failure Unit St Vincent's Healthcare Group Dublin Ireland.,School of Medicine UCD Conway Institute University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Michael Tolan
- Cardiology Department Blackrock Clinic Dublin Ireland
| | - John Baugh
- School of Medicine UCD Conway Institute University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Patrick Collier
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH
| | - Mark Ledwidge
- Chronic Cardiovascular Disease Management Unit and Heart Failure Unit St Vincent's Healthcare Group Dublin Ireland.,School of Medicine UCD Conway Institute University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
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21
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Roh SY, Kim JY, Cha HK, Lim HY, Park Y, Lee KN, Shim J, Choi JI, Kim YH, Son GH. Molecular Signatures of Sinus Node Dysfunction Induce Structural Remodeling in the Right Atrial Tissue. Mol Cells 2020; 43:408-418. [PMID: 32235021 PMCID: PMC7191046 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.2164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The sinus node (SN) is located at the apex of the cardiac conduction system, and SN dysfunction (SND)-characterized by electrical remodeling-is generally attributed to idiopathic fibrosis or ischemic injuries in the SN. SND is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disorders, including syncope, heart failure, and atrial arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation. One of the histological SND hallmarks is degenerative atrial remodeling that is associated with conduction abnormalities and increased right atrial refractoriness. Although SND is frequently accompanied by increased fibrosis in the right atrium (RA), its molecular basis still remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated whether SND can induce significant molecular changes that account for the structural remodeling of RA. Towards this, we employed a rabbit model of experimental SND, and then compared the genome-wide RNA expression profiles in RA between SND-induced rabbits and sham-operated controls to identify the differentially expressed transcripts. The accompanying gene enrichment analysis revealed extensive pro-fibrotic changes within 7 days after the SN ablation, including activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling and alterations in the levels of extracellular matrix components and their regulators. Importantly, our findings suggest that periostin, a matricellular factor that regulates the development of cardiac tissue, might play a key role in mediating TGF-β-signaling-induced aberrant atrial remodeling. In conclusion, the present study provides valuable information regarding the molecular signatures underlying SND-induced atrial remodeling, and indicates that periostin can be potentially used in the diagnosis of fibroproliferative cardiac dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Young Roh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 0841, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Hyo Kyeong Cha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 0841, Korea
| | - Hye Young Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 0841, Korea
| | - Youngran Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 0841, Korea
| | - Kwang-No Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jaemin Shim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Gi Hoon Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 0841, Korea
- Department of Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 0281, Korea
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22
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Tribulova N, Kurahara LH, Hlivak P, Hirano K, Szeiffova Bacova B. Pro-Arrhythmic Signaling of Thyroid Hormones and Its Relevance in Subclinical Hyperthyroidism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2844. [PMID: 32325836 PMCID: PMC7215427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A perennial task is to prevent the occurrence and/or recurrence of most frequent or life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). VF may be lethal in cases without an implantable cardioverter defibrillator or with failure of this device. Incidences of AF, even the asymptomatic ones, jeopardize the patient's life due to its complication, notably the high risk of embolic stroke. Therefore, there has been a growing interest in subclinical AF screening and searching for novel electrophysiological and molecular markers. Considering the worldwide increase in cases of thyroid dysfunction and diseases, including thyroid carcinoma, we aimed to explore the implication of thyroid hormones in pro-arrhythmic signaling in the pathophysiological setting. The present review provides updated information about the impact of altered thyroid status on both the occurrence and recurrence of cardiac arrhythmias, predominantly AF. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of both thyroid status monitoring and AF screening in the general population, as well as in patients with thyroid dysfunction and malignancies. Real-world data on early AF identification in relation to thyroid function are scarce. Even though symptomatic AF is rare in patients with thyroid malignancies, who are under thyroid suppressive therapy, clinicians should be aware of potential interaction with asymptomatic AF. It may prevent adverse consequences and improve the quality of life. This issue may be challenging for an updated registry of AF in clinical practice. Thyroid hormones should be considered a biomarker for cardiac arrhythmias screening and their tailored management because of their multifaceted cellular actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcis Tribulova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lin Hai Kurahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 76 0793, Japan; (L.H.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Peter Hlivak
- Department of Arrhythmias and Pacing, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pod Krásnou Hôrkou 1, 83348 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Katsuya Hirano
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 76 0793, Japan; (L.H.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Barbara Szeiffova Bacova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
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23
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Serum N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Is Associated with Atrial Fibrillation and Left Atrial Enlargement. Cardiol Res Pract 2020; 2020:1358098. [PMID: 32351730 PMCID: PMC7174944 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1358098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recent studies have indicated that N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) plays a key role in severe coronary artery diseases, involving RhoA signaling pathway activation, which is critically involved in cardiac fibrosis. There is convincing evidence from many studies that left atrium fibrosis is involved in the pathophysiology of AF. Therefore, we speculated that Neu5Ac may be associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) and involved in the development of AF. This study aims to investigate the clinical relationship between Neu5Ac and AF and left atrial enlargement. Methods Forty-five patients with AF (AF group) and forty-five patients with non-AF (control group) matched for age, sex, and hospitalization date were recruited for our study. Plasma concentrations of Neu5Ac from peripheral venous blood were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The baseline characteristics, plasma level of Neu5Ac, and echocardiographic characteristics were evaluated. Results The plasma level of Neu5Ac was significantly higher in the AF group than in the control group (107.66 ± 47.50 vs 77.87 ± 39.09 ng/ml; P < 0.05); the left atrial diameters were positively correlated with the plasma Neu5Ac level (R = 0.255; P < 0.05). The plasma Neu5Ac level (R = 0.368; P < 0.05) and the left atrial diameters (R = 0.402; P < 0.05) were positively correlated with AF history times. Neu5Ac (odds ratio 1.018, 95% CI 1.003–1.032; P < 0.05) and the left atrial diameter (odds ratio 1.142, 95% CI 1.020–1.280; P < 0.05) were independent risk factors for AF in multivariate regression analysis. Conclusions Serum Neu5Ac is associated with atrial fibrillation, and the mechanism may involve left atrial enlargement.
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24
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Moyes AJ, Chu SM, Aubdool AA, Dukinfield MS, Margulies KB, Bedi KC, Hodivala-Dilke K, Baliga RS, Hobbs AJ. C-type natriuretic peptide co-ordinates cardiac structure and function. Eur Heart J 2020; 41:1006-1020. [PMID: 30903134 PMCID: PMC7068173 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an essential endothelium-derived signalling species that governs vascular homoeostasis; CNP is also expressed in the heart but an intrinsic role for the peptide in cardiac function is not established. Herein, we employ unique transgenic strains with cell-specific deletion of CNP to define a central (patho)physiological capacity of CNP in maintaining heart morphology and contractility. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac structure and function were explored in wild type (WT), cardiomyocyte (cmCNP-/-), endothelium (ecCNP-/-), and fibroblast (fbCNP-/-)-specific CNP knockout mice, and global natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-B-/-, and NPR-C-/- animals at baseline and in experimental models of myocardial infarction and heart failure (HF). Endothelium-specific deletion of CNP resulted in impaired coronary responsiveness to endothelium-dependent- and flow-mediated-dilatation; changes mirrored in NPR-C-/- mice. Ex vivo, global ischaemia resulted in larger infarcts and diminished functional recovery in cmCNP-/- and NPR-C-/-, but not ecCNP-/-, vs. WT. The cardiac phenotype of cmCNP-/-, fbCNP-/-, and NPR-C-/- (but not ecCNP-/- or NPR-B-/-) mice was more severe in pressure overload- and sympathetic hyperactivation-induced HF compared with WT; these adverse effects were rescued by pharmacological CNP administration in WT, but not NPR-C-/-, mice. At a molecular level, CNP/NPR-C signalling is impaired in human HF but attenuates activation of well-validated pro-hypertrophic and pro-fibrotic pathways. CONCLUSION C-type natriuretic peptide of cardiomyocyte, endothelial and fibroblast origins co-ordinates and preserves cardiac structure, function, and coronary vasoreactivity via activation of NPR-C. Targeting NPR-C may prove an innovative approach to treating HF and ischaemic cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie J Moyes
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sandy M Chu
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Aisah A Aubdool
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Matthew S Dukinfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Heart Failure and Transplant Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Translational Research Center, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kenneth C Bedi
- Heart Failure and Transplant Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Translational Research Center, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kairbaan Hodivala-Dilke
- Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Reshma S Baliga
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Adrian J Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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25
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Nosalski R, Siedlinski M, Denby L, McGinnigle E, Nowak M, Cat AND, Medina-Ruiz L, Cantini M, Skiba D, Wilk G, Osmenda G, Rodor J, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Graham G, Maffia P, Graham D, Baker AH, Guzik TJ. T-Cell-Derived miRNA-214 Mediates Perivascular Fibrosis in Hypertension. Circ Res 2020; 126:988-1003. [PMID: 32065054 PMCID: PMC7147427 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Despite increasing understanding of the prognostic importance of vascular stiffening linked to perivascular fibrosis in hypertension, the molecular and cellular regulation of this process is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To study the functional role of microRNA-214 (miR-214) in the induction of perivascular fibrosis and endothelial dysfunction driving vascular stiffening. METHODS AND RESULTS Out of 381 miRs screened in the perivascular tissues in response to Ang II (angiotensin II)-mediated hypertension, miR-214 showed the highest induction (8-fold, P=0.0001). MiR-214 induction was pronounced in perivascular and circulating T cells, but not in perivascular adipose tissue adipocytes. Global deletion of miR-214-/- prevented Ang II-induced periaortic fibrosis, Col1a1, Col3a1, Col5a1, and Tgfb1 expression, hydroxyproline accumulation, and vascular stiffening, without difference in blood pressure. Mechanistic studies revealed that miR-214-/- mice were protected against endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and increased Nox2, all of which were induced by Ang II in WT mice. Ang II-induced recruitment of T cells into perivascular adipose tissue was abolished in miR-214-/- mice. Adoptive transfer of miR-214-/- T cells into RAG1-/- mice resulted in reduced perivascular fibrosis compared with the effect of WT T cells. Ang II induced hypertension caused significant change in the expression of 1380 T cell genes in WT, but only 51 in miR-214-/-. T cell activation, proliferation and chemotaxis pathways were differentially affected. MiR-214-/- prevented Ang II-induction of profibrotic T cell cytokines (IL-17, TNF-α, IL-9, and IFN-γ) and chemokine receptors (CCR1, CCR2, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, and CXCR3). This manifested in reduced in vitro and in vivo T cell chemotaxis resulting in attenuation of profibrotic perivascular inflammation. Translationally, we show that miR-214 is increased in plasma of patients with hypertension and is directly correlated to pulse wave velocity as a measure of vascular stiffness. CONCLUSIONS T-cell-derived miR-214 controls pathological perivascular fibrosis in hypertension mediated by T cell recruitment and local profibrotic cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Nosalski
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.N., E.M., A.N.D.C., D.S., P.M., D.G., T.J.G.).,Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (R.N., M.S., M.N., D.S., G.W., G.O., T.J.G.)
| | - Mateusz Siedlinski
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (R.N., M.S., M.N., D.S., G.W., G.O., T.J.G.)
| | - Laura Denby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (L.D., J.R., A.H.B.)
| | - Eilidh McGinnigle
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.N., E.M., A.N.D.C., D.S., P.M., D.G., T.J.G.)
| | - Michal Nowak
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (R.N., M.S., M.N., D.S., G.W., G.O., T.J.G.)
| | - Aurelie Nguyen Dinh Cat
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.N., E.M., A.N.D.C., D.S., P.M., D.G., T.J.G.)
| | - Laura Medina-Ruiz
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (L.M.-R., G.G., P.M.)
| | - Marco Cantini
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C., M.S.-S.)
| | - Dominik Skiba
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.N., E.M., A.N.D.C., D.S., P.M., D.G., T.J.G.).,Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (R.N., M.S., M.N., D.S., G.W., G.O., T.J.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Wilk
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (R.N., M.S., M.N., D.S., G.W., G.O., T.J.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Osmenda
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (R.N., M.S., M.N., D.S., G.W., G.O., T.J.G.)
| | - Julie Rodor
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (L.D., J.R., A.H.B.)
| | - Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C., M.S.-S.)
| | - Gerard Graham
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (L.M.-R., G.G., P.M.)
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.N., E.M., A.N.D.C., D.S., P.M., D.G., T.J.G.).,Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (L.M.-R., G.G., P.M.).,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Italy (P.M.)
| | - Delyth Graham
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.N., E.M., A.N.D.C., D.S., P.M., D.G., T.J.G.)
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (L.D., J.R., A.H.B.)
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.N., E.M., A.N.D.C., D.S., P.M., D.G., T.J.G.).,Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (R.N., M.S., M.N., D.S., G.W., G.O., T.J.G.)
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26
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Nattel S. Natriuretic peptide receptors and atrial-selective fibrosis: potential role in atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:258-260. [PMID: 30462167 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Nattel
- Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,IHU LIRYC and Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France
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27
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Tanase DM, Radu S, Al Shurbaji S, Baroi GL, Florida Costea C, Turliuc MD, Ouatu A, Floria M. Natriuretic Peptides in Heart Failure with Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: From Molecular Evidences to Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2629. [PMID: 31142058 PMCID: PMC6600439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasing and its challenging diagnosis and management combines clinical, imagistic and biological data. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are hormones secreted in response to myocardial stretch that, by increasing cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), counteract myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy, increase natriuresis and determine vasodilatation. While their role in HFpEF is controversial, most authors focused on b-type natriuretic peptides (BNPs) and agreed that patients may show lower levels. In this setting, newer molecules with an increased specificity, such as middle-region pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), emerged as promising markers. Augmenting NP levels, either by NP analogs or breakdown inhibition, could offer a new therapeutic target in HFpEF (already approved in their reduced EF counterparts) by increasing the deficient cGMP levels found in patients. Importantly, these peptides also retain their prognostic value. This narrative review focuses on NPs' physiology, diagnosis, therapeutic and prognostic implication in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania.
- Internal Medicine Clinic, "Sf. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Smaranda Radu
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania.
- Cardiology Clinic, "Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu" Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 700503 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Sinziana Al Shurbaji
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania.
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Genoveva Livia Baroi
- Department of Surgery, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania.
- Vascular Surgery Clinic, "Sf. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, "Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu" Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700115 Iași, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Dana Turliuc
- Department of Neurosurgery, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania.
- 2nd Neurosurgery Clinic, "Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu" Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700115 Iași, Romania.
| | - Anca Ouatu
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania.
- Internal Medicine Clinic, "Sf. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania.
- Internal Medicine Clinic, "Sf. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
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28
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Moyes AJ, Hobbs AJ. C-type Natriuretic Peptide: A Multifaceted Paracrine Regulator in the Heart and Vasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2281. [PMID: 31072047 PMCID: PMC6539462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an autocrine and paracrine mediator released by endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts that regulates vital physiological functions in the cardiovascular system. These roles are conveyed via two cognate receptors, natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B) and natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPR-C), which activate different signalling pathways that mediate complementary yet distinct cellular responses. Traditionally, CNP has been deemed the endothelial component of the natriuretic peptide system, while its sibling peptides, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), are considered the endocrine guardians of cardiac function and blood volume. However, accumulating evidence indicates that CNP not only modulates vascular tone and blood pressure, but also governs a wide range of cardiovascular effects including the control of inflammation, angiogenesis, smooth muscle and endothelial cell proliferation, atherosclerosis, cardiomyocyte contractility, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cardiac electrophysiology. This review will focus on the novel physiological functions ascribed to CNP, the receptors/signalling mechanisms involved in mediating its cardioprotective effects, and the development of therapeutics targeting CNP signalling pathways in different disease pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie J Moyes
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Adrian J Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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