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Li L, Chen H, Shi J, Chai S, Yan L, Meng D, Cai Z, Guan J, Xin Y, Zhang X, Sun W, Lu X, He M, Li Q, Yan X. Exhaled breath analysis for the discrimination of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Breath Res 2024; 18:046002. [PMID: 38834048 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad53f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are the most common chronic respiratory diseases. In middle-aged and elderly patients, it is difficult to distinguish between COPD and asthma based on clinical symptoms and pulmonary function examinations in clinical practice. Thus, an accurate and reliable inspection method is required. In this study, we aimed to identify breath biomarkers and evaluate the accuracy of breathomics-based methods for discriminating between COPD and asthma. In this multi-center cross-sectional study, exhaled breath samples were collected from 89 patients with COPD and 73 with asthma and detected on a high-pressure photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPPI-TOFMS) platform from 20 October 2022, to 20 May 2023, in four hospitals. Data analysis was performed from 15 June 2023 to 16 August 2023. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated to assess the overall performance of the volatile organic component (VOC)-based COPD and asthma discrimination models. Potential VOC markers related to COPD and asthma were also analyzed. The age of all participants ranged from to 18-86 years, and 54 (33.3%) were men. The age [median (minimum, maximum)] of COPD and asthma participants were 66.0 (46.0, 86.0), and 44.0 (17.0, 80.0). The male and female ratio of COPD and asthma participants were 14/75 and 40/33, respectively. Based on breathomics feature selection, ten VOCs were identified as COPD and asthma discrimination biomarkers via breath testing. The joint panel of these ten VOCs achieved an area under the curve of 0.843, sensitivity of 75.9%, specificity of 87.5%, and accuracy of 80.0% in COPD and asthma discrimination. Furthermore, the VOCs detected in the breath samples were closely related to the clinical characteristics of COPD and asthma. The VOC-based COPD and asthma discrimination model showed good accuracy, providing a new strategy for clinical diagnosis. Breathomics-based methods may play an important role in the diagnosis of COPD and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Hebei Institute of Respiratory Diseases, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
- Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, No. 365 Jianhua Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Chen
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism, Beijing 100071, People's Republic of China
- Digital Medicine Division, Guangzhou Sinohealth Digital Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinying Shi
- Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, No. 365 Jianhua Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shukun Chai
- Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, No. 365 Jianhua Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yan
- Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyang Meng
- Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Cai
- The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Hebei Institute of Respiratory Diseases, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jitao Guan
- The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Hebei Institute of Respiratory Diseases, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunwei Xin
- The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Hebei Institute of Respiratory Diseases, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Hebei Institute of Respiratory Diseases, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuzhuang Sun
- The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 68 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Lu
- The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 68 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi He
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism, Beijing 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Li
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism, Beijing 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixin Yan
- The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Hebei Institute of Respiratory Diseases, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
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Lamy E, Roquencourt C, Zhou B, Salvator H, Moine P, Annane D, Devillier P, Bardin E, Grassin-Delyle S. Combination of real-time and hyphenated mass spectrometry for improved characterisation of exhaled breath biomarkers in clinical research. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05421-7. [PMID: 38980330 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Exhaled breath volatilomics is a powerful non-invasive tool for biomarker discovery in medical applications, but compound annotation is essential for pathophysiological insights and technology transfer. This study was aimed at investigating the interest of a hybrid approach combining real-time proton transfer reaction-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) with comprehensive thermal desorption-two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GCxGC-TOF-MS) to enhance the analysis and characterization of VOCs in clinical research, using COVID-19 as a use case. VOC biomarker candidates were selected from clinical research using PTR-TOF-MS fingerprinting in patients with COVID-19 and matched to the Human Breathomic Database. Corresponding analytical standards were analysed using both a liquid calibration unit coupled to PTR-TOF-MS and TD-GCxGC-TOF-MS, together with confirmation on new clinical samples with TD-GCxGC-TOF-MS. From 26 potential VOC biomarkers, 23 were successfully detected with PTR-TOF-MS. All VOCs were successfully detected using TD-GCxGC-TOF-MS, providing effective separation of highly chemically related compounds, including isomers, and enabling high-confidence annotation based on two-dimensional chromatographic separation and mass spectra. Four VOCs were identified with a level 1 annotation in the clinical samples. For future applications, the combination of real-time PTR-TOF-MS and comprehensive TD-GCxGC-TOF-MS, at least on a subset of samples from a whole study, would enhance the performance of VOC annotation, offering potential advancements in biomarker discovery for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Lamy
- Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé UFR Simone Veil - Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et Inflammation (2I), U1173, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
- FHU SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavour to PerSonalize Interventions for Sepsis) and IHU PROMETHEUS, Garches, France
| | | | - Bingqing Zhou
- Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé UFR Simone Veil - Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et Inflammation (2I), U1173, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
- FHU SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavour to PerSonalize Interventions for Sepsis) and IHU PROMETHEUS, Garches, France
| | - Hélène Salvator
- Exhalomics®, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
- Pneumologie, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
- Laboratoire de recherche en Pharmacologie Respiratoire - VIM Suresnes, UMR 0892, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Suresnes, France
| | - Pierre Moine
- Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé UFR Simone Veil - Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et Inflammation (2I), U1173, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
- FHU SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavour to PerSonalize Interventions for Sepsis) and IHU PROMETHEUS, Garches, France
- Réanimation médicale, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Garches, France
| | - Djillali Annane
- Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé UFR Simone Veil - Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et Inflammation (2I), U1173, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
- FHU SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavour to PerSonalize Interventions for Sepsis) and IHU PROMETHEUS, Garches, France
- Réanimation médicale, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Garches, France
| | - Philippe Devillier
- FHU SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavour to PerSonalize Interventions for Sepsis) and IHU PROMETHEUS, Garches, France
- Exhalomics®, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
- Laboratoire de recherche en Pharmacologie Respiratoire - VIM Suresnes, UMR 0892, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Suresnes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Bardin
- Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé UFR Simone Veil - Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et Inflammation (2I), U1173, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
- FHU SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavour to PerSonalize Interventions for Sepsis) and IHU PROMETHEUS, Garches, France
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Grassin-Delyle
- Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé UFR Simone Veil - Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et Inflammation (2I), U1173, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.
- FHU SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavour to PerSonalize Interventions for Sepsis) and IHU PROMETHEUS, Garches, France.
- Exhalomics®, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France.
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Mitchell MI, Ben-Dov IZ, Liu C, Wang T, Hazan RB, Bauer TL, Zakrzewski J, Donnelly K, Chow K, Ma J, Loudig O. Non-invasive detection of orthotopic human lung tumors by microRNA expression profiling of mouse exhaled breath condensates and exhaled extracellular vesicles. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 5:138-164. [PMID: 38863869 PMCID: PMC11165456 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2023.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Aim The lung is the second most frequent site of metastatic dissemination. Early detection is key to improving survival. Given that the lung interfaces with the external environment, the collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) provides the opportunity to obtain biological material including exhaled miRNAs that originate from the lung. Methods In this proof-of-principal study, we used the highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 subline 3475 breast cancer cell line (LM-3475) to establish an orthotopic lung tumor-bearing mouse model and investigate non-invasive detection of lung tumors by analysis of exhaled miRNAs. We initially conducted miRNA NGS and qPCR validation analyses on condensates collected from unrestrained animals and identified significant miRNA expression differences between the condensates of lung tumor-bearing and control mice. To focus our purification of EBC and evaluate the origin of these differentially expressed miRNAs, we developed a system to collect EBC directly from the nose and mouth of our mice. Results Using nanoparticle distribution analyses, TEM, and ONi super-resolution nanoimaging, we determined that human tumor EVs could be increasingly detected in mouse EBC during the progression of secondary lung tumors. Using our customizable EV-CATCHER assay, we purified human tumor EVs from mouse EBC and demonstrated that the bulk of differentially expressed exhaled miRNAs originate from lung tumors, which could be detected by qPCR within 1 to 2 weeks after tail vein injection of the metastatic cells. Conclusion This study is the first of its kind and demonstrates that lung tumor EVs are exhaled in mice and provide non-invasive biomarkers for detection of lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan I. Mitchell
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
| | - Iddo Z. Ben-Dov
- Laboratory of Medical Transcriptomics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Christina Liu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rachel B. Hazan
- Department of Pathology, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Thomas L. Bauer
- Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian Health, Neptune City, NJ 07753, USA
| | - Johannes Zakrzewski
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
| | - Kathryn Donnelly
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Kar Chow
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Olivier Loudig
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
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Malik M, Demetrowitsch T, Schwarz K, Kunze T. New perspectives on 'Breathomics': metabolomic profiling of non-volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath using DI-FT-ICR-MS. Commun Biol 2024; 7:258. [PMID: 38431745 PMCID: PMC10908792 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Breath analysis offers tremendous potential for diagnostic approaches, since it allows for easy and non-invasive sample collection. "Breathomics" as one major research field comprehensively analyses the metabolomic profile of exhaled breath providing insights into various (patho)physiological processes. Recent research, however, primarily focuses on volatile compounds. This is the first study that evaluates the non-volatile organic compounds (nVOCs) in breath following an untargeted metabolomic approach. Herein, we developed an innovative method utilizing a filter-based device for metabolite extraction. Breath samples of 101 healthy volunteers (female n = 50) were analysed using DI-FT-ICR-MS and biostatistically evaluated. The characterisation of the non-volatile core breathome identified more than 1100 metabolites including various amino acids, organic and fatty acids and conjugates thereof, carbohydrates as well as diverse hydrophilic and lipophilic nVOCs. The data shows gender-specific differences in metabolic patterns with 570 significant metabolites. Male and female metabolomic profiles of breath were distinguished by a random forest approach with an out-of-bag error of 0.0099. Additionally, the study examines how oral contraceptives and various lifestyle factors, like alcohol consumption, affect the non-volatile breathome. In conclusion, the successful application of a filter-based device combined with metabolomics-analyses delineate a non-volatile breathprint laying the foundation for discovering clinical biomarkers in exhaled breath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Malik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Tobias Demetrowitsch
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Food Technology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Kiel Network of Analytical Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karin Schwarz
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Food Technology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Kiel Network of Analytical Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Kunze
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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Wang J, Zhou Z, Luo Y, Xu T, Xu L, Zhang X. Machine Learning-Assisted Janus Colorimetric Face Mask for Breath Ammonia Analysis. Anal Chem 2024; 96:381-387. [PMID: 38154078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Artificial olfactory systems have been widely used in medical fields such as in the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in human exhaled breath. However, there is still an urgent demand for a portable, accurate breath VOC analysis system for the healthcare industry. In this work, we proposed a Janus colorimetric face mask (JCFM) for the comfortable evaluation of breath ammonia levels by combining the machine learning K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) algorithm. Such a Janus fabric is designed for the unidirectional penetration of exhaled moisture, which can reduce stickiness and ensure facial dryness and comfort. Four different pH indicators on the colorimetric array serve as recognition elements that cross-react with ammonia, capturing the optical fingerprint information on breath ammonia by mimicking the sophisticated olfactory structure of mammals. The Euclidean distance (ED) is used to quantitatively describe the ammonia concentration between 1 ppm and 10 ppm, indicating that there is a linear relationship between the ammonia concentration and the ED response (R2 = 0.988). The K-NN algorithm based on RGB response features aids in the analysis of the target ammonia level and achieves a prediction accuracy of 96%. This study integrates colorimetry, Janus design, and machine learning to present a wearable and portable sensing system for breath ammonia analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhongzeng Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yong Luo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
| | - Tailin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
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Bajo-Fernández M, Souza-Silva ÉA, Barbas C, Rey-Stolle MF, García A. GC-MS-based metabolomics of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath: applications in health and disease. A review. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 10:1295955. [PMID: 38298553 PMCID: PMC10828970 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1295955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Exhaled breath analysis, with particular emphasis on volatile organic compounds, represents a growing area of clinical research due to its obvious advantages over other diagnostic tests. Numerous pathologies have been extensively investigated for the identification of specific biomarkers in exhalates through metabolomics. However, the transference of breath tests to clinics remains limited, mainly due to deficiency in methodological standardization. Critical steps include the selection of breath sample types, collection devices, and enrichment techniques. GC-MS is the reference analytical technique for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in exhalates, especially during the biomarker discovery phase in metabolomics. This review comprehensively examines and compares metabolomic studies focusing on cancer, lung diseases, and infectious diseases. In addition to delving into the experimental designs reported, it also provides a critical discussion of the methodological aspects, ranging from the experimental design and sample collection to the identification of potential pathology-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Bajo-Fernández
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Érica A. Souza-Silva
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
- Departmento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Ma Fernanda Rey-Stolle
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Antonia García
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
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Gallos IK, Tryfonopoulos D, Shani G, Amditis A, Haick H, Dionysiou DD. Advancing Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis with AI-Powered Breathomics: Navigating Challenges and Future Directions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3673. [PMID: 38132257 PMCID: PMC10743128 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13243673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of colorectal cancer is crucial for improving outcomes and reducing mortality. While there is strong evidence of effectiveness, currently adopted screening methods present several shortcomings which negatively impact the detection of early stage carcinogenesis, including low uptake due to patient discomfort. As a result, developing novel, non-invasive alternatives is an important research priority. Recent advancements in the field of breathomics, the study of breath composition and analysis, have paved the way for new avenues for non-invasive cancer detection and effective monitoring. Harnessing the utility of Volatile Organic Compounds in exhaled breath, breathomics has the potential to disrupt colorectal cancer screening practices. Our goal is to outline key research efforts in this area focusing on machine learning methods used for the analysis of breathomics data, highlight challenges involved in artificial intelligence application in this context, and suggest possible future directions which are currently considered within the framework of the European project ONCOSCREEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis K. Gallos
- Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, National Technical University of Athens, Zografos Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Dimitrios Tryfonopoulos
- Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, National Technical University of Athens, Zografos Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Gidi Shani
- Laboratory for Nanomaterial-Based Devices, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (G.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Angelos Amditis
- Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, National Technical University of Athens, Zografos Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Hossam Haick
- Laboratory for Nanomaterial-Based Devices, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (G.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Dimitra D. Dionysiou
- Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, National Technical University of Athens, Zografos Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (A.A.)
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Jiao B, Zhang S, Bei Y, Bu G, Yuan L, Zhu Y, Yang Q, Xu T, Zhou L, Liu Q, Ouyang Z, Yang X, Feng Y, Tang B, Chen H, Shen L. A detection model for cognitive dysfunction based on volatile organic compounds from a large Chinese community cohort. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4852-4862. [PMID: 37032600 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We explored whether volatile organic compound (VOC) detection can serve as a screening tool to distinguish cognitive dysfunction (CD) from cognitively normal (CN) individuals. METHODS The cognitive function of 1467 participants was assessed and their VOCs were detected. Six machine learning algorithms were conducted and the performance was determined. The plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) was measured. RESULTS Distinguished VOC patterns existed between CD and CN groups. The CD detection model showed good accuracy with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.876. In addition, we found that 10 VOC ions showed significant differences between CD and CN individuals (p < 0.05); three VOCs were significantly related to plasma NfL (p < 0.005). Moreover, a combination of VOCs with NfL showed the best discriminating power (AUC = 0.877). DISCUSSION Detection of VOCs from exhaled breath samples has the potential to provide a novel solution for the dilemma of CD screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sizhe Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuzhang Bei
- Department of Neurology, Liuyang Jili Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Guiwen Bu
- Department of Neurology, Liuyang Jili Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Liuyang Jili Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qijie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianyan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyu Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Feng
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism, Beijing, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haibin Chen
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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9
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Barayeu U, Sawa T, Nishida M, Wei FY, Motohashi H, Akaike T. Supersulfide biology and translational medicine for disease control. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 37872133 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, the major focus of redox biology has been oxygen, the most abundant element on Earth. Molecular oxygen functions as the final electron acceptor in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, contributing to energy production in aerobic organisms. In addition, oxygen-derived reactive oxygen species including hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen free radicals, such as superoxide, hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide radical, undergo a complicated sequence of electron transfer reactions with other biomolecules, which lead to their modified physiological functions and diverse biological and pathophysiological consequences (e.g. oxidative stress). What is now evident is that oxygen accounts for only a small number of redox reactions in organisms and knowledge of biological redox reactions is still quite limited. This article reviews a new aspects of redox biology which is governed by redox-active sulfur-containing molecules-supersulfides. We define the term 'supersulfides' as sulfur species with catenated sulfur atoms. Supersulfides were determined to be abundant in all organisms, but their redox biological properties have remained largely unexplored. In fact, the unique chemical properties of supersulfides permit them to be readily ionized or radicalized, thereby allowing supersulfides to actively participate in redox reactions and antioxidant responses in cells. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that supersulfides are indispensable for fundamental biological processes such as energy production, nucleic acid metabolism, protein translation and others. Moreover, manipulation of supersulfide levels was beneficial for pathogenesis of various diseases. Thus, supersulfide biology has opened a new era of disease control that includes potential applications to clinical diagnosis, prevention and therapeutics of diseases.
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Grants
- 22K19397 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H05263 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 18H05277 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H04799 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H05264 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H05265 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H02659 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JPMJER2002 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JPMJFR205Y Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 22K19395 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 22H02772 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H05269 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H05267 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H02071 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H05258 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JPMJCR2024 Japan Science and Technology Agency
- PE23749 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- JP21zf0127001 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
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Affiliation(s)
- Uladzimir Barayeu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fan-Yan Wei
- Department of Modomics Biology and Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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10
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Jouyban-Gharamaleki V, Jin H, Jouyban A, Soleymani J. The influence of advanced materials on the analytical performance of semiconductor-based gas sensors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:23358-23369. [PMID: 37615695 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01756g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemiresistive gas sensors are metal oxide-based sensors that have received significant attention in different fields. Ambient gas sensors are especially important in the fabrication of wearable probes for the real-time detection of biomarkers in human body samples. Usually, room temperature sensors are affordable due to their low power consumption, resulting in simple instrumentation and maintenance. To fabricate versatile gas sensors, i.e. sensitive, selective, ambient temperature operating gas sensors, and improve the sensing performance of the traditionally used sensor, new materials play an important role. In other words, new advanced materials are essential for designing and fabricating new gas sensors. Hence, in this review, the application and impact of new advanced materials in the fabrication of reliable gas sensors are discussed in detail. Special emphasis is given to the effect of new materials in the fabrication of room-temperature operating systems. Finally, future research outlook and possible challenges that may be encountered by reliable gas sensors are also explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Jouyban-Gharamaleki
- Kimia Idea Pardaz Azerbaijan (KIPA) Science-Based Company, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Han Jin
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleymani
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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11
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Roquencourt C, Salvator H, Bardin E, Lamy E, Farfour E, Naline E, Devillier P, Grassin-Delyle S. Enhanced real-time mass spectrometry breath analysis for the diagnosis of COVID-19. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00206-2023. [PMID: 37727677 PMCID: PMC10505950 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00206-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although rapid screening for and diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are still urgently needed, most current testing methods are long, costly or poorly specific. The objective of the present study was to determine whether or not artificial-intelligence-enhanced real-time mass spectrometry breath analysis is a reliable, safe, rapid means of screening ambulatory patients for COVID-19. Methods In two prospective, open, interventional studies in a single university hospital, we used real-time, proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry to perform a metabolomic analysis of exhaled breath from adults requiring screening for COVID-19. Artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques were used to build mathematical models based on breath analysis data either alone or combined with patient metadata. Results We obtained breath samples from 173 participants, of whom 67 had proven COVID-19. After using machine learning algorithms to process breath analysis data and further enhancing the model using patient metadata, our method was able to differentiate between COVID-19-positive and -negative participants with a sensitivity of 98%, a specificity of 74%, a negative predictive value of 98%, a positive predictive value of 72% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.961. The predictive performance was similar for asymptomatic, weakly symptomatic and symptomatic participants and was not biased by COVID-19 vaccination status. Conclusions Real-time, noninvasive, artificial-intelligence-enhanced mass spectrometry breath analysis might be a reliable, safe, rapid, cost-effective, high-throughput method for COVID-19 screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hélène Salvator
- Exhalomics, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Pharmacologie Respiratoire – VIM Suresnes, UMR 0892, Université Paris-Saclay, Suresnes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Bardin
- Exhalomics, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et inflammation (2I), U1173, Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, U1151, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Lamy
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et inflammation (2I), U1173, Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Eric Farfour
- Service de Biologie Clinique, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Philippe Devillier
- Exhalomics, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Pharmacologie Respiratoire – VIM Suresnes, UMR 0892, Université Paris-Saclay, Suresnes, France
| | - Stanislas Grassin-Delyle
- Exhalomics, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et inflammation (2I), U1173, Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
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12
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Fu L, Feng Y, Ren T, Yang M, Yang Q, Lin Y, Zeng H, Zhang J, Liu L, Li Q, He M, Zhang P, Chen H, Deng G. Detecting latent tuberculosis infection with a breath test using mass spectrometer: A pilot cross-sectional study. Biosci Trends 2023; 17:73-77. [PMID: 36596559 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2022.01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infects a quarter of the world's population and may progress to active tuberculosis (ATB). There is no gold standard for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Some immunodiagnostic tests are recommended to detect LTBI but can not distinguish ATB from LTBI. The breath test is useful for diagnosing ATB compared to healthy subjects but was never studied for LTBI. This proof-of-concept study (Chinese Clinical Trials Registry number: ChiCTR2200058346) was the first to explore a novel, rapid, and simple LTBI detection method via breath test on high-pressure photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPPI-TOFMS). The case group of LTBI subjects (n = 185) and the control group (n = 250), which included ATB subgroup (n = 121) and healthy control (HC) subgroup (n = 129), were enrolled. The LTBI detection model indicated that a breath test via HPPI-TOFMS could distinguish LTBI from the control with a sensitivity of 80.0% (95% CI: 67.6%, 92.4%) and a specificity of 80.8% (95% CI: 71.8%, 89.9%). Nevertheless, further intensive studies with a larger sample size are required for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fu
- Division Two of Pulmonary Diseases Department, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National clinical research center for infectious disease, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Feng
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism, Beijing, China
| | - Tantan Ren
- Division Two of Pulmonary Diseases Department, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National clinical research center for infectious disease, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Yang
- Division Two of Pulmonary Diseases Department, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National clinical research center for infectious disease, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianting Yang
- Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis & Treatment of Emerging Infectious Disease, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National clinical research center for infectious disease, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Division Two of Pulmonary Diseases Department, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National clinical research center for infectious disease, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Medical Examination Department, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National clinical research center for infectious disease, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaohong Zhang
- Pulmonary Diseases Out-patient Department, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National clinical research center for infectious disease, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Division Two of Pulmonary Diseases Department, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National clinical research center for infectious disease, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingyun Li
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqi He
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism, Beijing, China
| | - Peize Zhang
- Division Two of Pulmonary Diseases Department, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National clinical research center for infectious disease, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haibin Chen
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism, Beijing, China
| | - Guofang Deng
- Division Two of Pulmonary Diseases Department, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National clinical research center for infectious disease, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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13
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Wilson AD, Forse LB. Potential for Early Noninvasive COVID-19 Detection Using Electronic-Nose Technologies and Disease-Specific VOC Metabolic Biomarkers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2887. [PMID: 36991597 PMCID: PMC10054641 DOI: 10.3390/s23062887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The established efficacy of electronic volatile organic compound (VOC) detection technologies as diagnostic tools for noninvasive early detection of COVID-19 and related coronaviruses has been demonstrated from multiple studies using a variety of experimental and commercial electronic devices capable of detecting precise mixtures of VOC emissions in human breath. The activities of numerous global research teams, developing novel electronic-nose (e-nose) devices and diagnostic methods, have generated empirical laboratory and clinical trial test results based on the detection of different types of host VOC-biomarker metabolites from specific chemical classes. COVID-19-specific volatile biomarkers are derived from disease-induced changes in host metabolic pathways by SARS-CoV-2 viral pathogenesis. The unique mechanisms proposed from recent researchers to explain how COVID-19 causes damage to multiple organ systems throughout the body are associated with unique symptom combinations, cytokine storms and physiological cascades that disrupt normal biochemical processes through gene dysregulation to generate disease-specific VOC metabolites targeted for e-nose detection. This paper reviewed recent methods and applications of e-nose and related VOC-detection devices for early, noninvasive diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections. In addition, metabolomic (quantitative) COVID-19 disease-specific chemical biomarkers, consisting of host-derived VOCs identified from exhaled breath of patients, were summarized as possible sources of volatile metabolic biomarkers useful for confirming and supporting e-nose diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alphus Dan Wilson
- Pathology Department, Center for Forest Health & Disturbance, Forest Genetics and Ecosystems Biology, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Lisa Beth Forse
- Southern Hardwoods Laboratory, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
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14
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Chung J, Akter S, Han S, Shin Y, Choi TG, Kang I, Kim SS. Diagnosis by Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath in Exhaled Breath from Patients with Gastric and Colorectal Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010129. [PMID: 36613569 PMCID: PMC9820758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One in three cancer deaths worldwide are caused by gastric and colorectal cancer malignancies. Although the incidence and fatality rates differ significantly from country to country, the rates of these cancers in East Asian nations such as South Korea and Japan have been increasing each year. Above all, the biggest danger of this disease is how challenging it is to recognize in its early stages. Moreover, most patients with these cancers do not present with any disease symptoms before receiving a definitive diagnosis. Currently, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are being used for the early prediction of several other diseases, and research has been carried out on these applications. Exhaled VOCs from patients possess remarkable potential as novel biomarkers, and their analysis could be transformative in the prevention and early diagnosis of colon and stomach cancers. VOCs have been spotlighted in recent studies due to their ease of use. Diagnosis on the basis of patient VOC analysis takes less time than methods using gas chromatography, and results in the literature demonstrate that it is possible to determine whether a patient has certain diseases by using organic compounds in their breath as indicators. This study describes how VOCs can be used to precisely detect cancers; as more data are accumulated, the accuracy of this method will increase, and it can be applied in more fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwook Chung
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Salima Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Han
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhwa Shin
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0524 (S.S.K.)
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0524 (S.S.K.)
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15
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Accuracy of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Detection in Exhaled Breath Compared to Reverse-transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for Diagnosis of COVID-19: An Evidence-based Case Report. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid-119263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The World Health Organization (WHO) declared this infection a global pandemic in 2020. In addition, various methods have been developed to diagnose COVID-19 rapidly and accurately to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as a gold standard method. One of these methods is the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in exhaled breath. Objectives: The aim was to collect and investigate studies on the accuracy of VOC detection as a diagnostic method for COVID-19. Methods: A literature search was performed in five electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, and Scopus, along with hand searching. The search was conducted in the titles and abstracts of articles using keywords and their equivalent terms, combined with the Boolean operators (OR and AND). The search results were then selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and compatibility with the Population, Intervention, Control, and Outcomes (PICO) framework. Results: Based on the search results, two cross-sectional studies by Wintjens et al. and Ruszkiewicz et al. were selected, which were then critically appraised. Both studies showed good validity. Wintjens et al. reported 86% sensitivity and 54% specificity for their method, with a positive predictive value (PPV) and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 40% and 92%, respectively. Besides, Ruszkiewicz et al., who conducted a study in two different locations, reported 82.4% sensitivity and 75% specificity for their method in Edinburgh (UK), with PPV and NPV of 87.5% and 66.7%, respectively, while they reported 90% sensitivity and 80% specificity in Dortmund (Germany), with PPV and NPV of 45% and 97.8%, respectively. The accuracy of these three methods was 62%, 80%, and 82%, respectively. Conclusions: Detection of VOCs from exhaled breath can be a rapid, cost-effective, and simple method for diagnosing COVID-19. However, the accuracy of this method is still relatively low (62 - 82%) and inconsistent; therefore, it is only recommended for screening.
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16
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Abumeeiz M, Elliott L, Olla P. Use of Breath Analysis for Diagnosing COVID-19: Opportunities, Challenges, and Considerations for Future Pandemic Responses. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 16:2137-2140. [PMID: 34649631 PMCID: PMC8576132 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is currently a need for accurate, rapid, and easy-to-administer diagnostic tools to help communities manage local outbreaks and assess the spread of disease. The use of artificial intelligence within the domain of breath analysis techniques has shown to have potential in diagnosing a variety of diseases, such as cancer and lung disease, by analyzing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath. This combined with their rapid, easy-to-use, and noninvasive nature makes them a good candidate for use in diagnosing COVID-19 in large scale public health operations. However, there remains issues with their implementation when it comes to the infrastructure currently available to support their use on a broad scale. This includes issues of standardization, and whether or not a characteristic VOC pattern can be identified for COVID-19. Despite these difficulties, breathalyzers offer potential to assist in pandemic responses and their use should be investigated.
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17
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Zhang P, Ren T, Chen H, Li Q, He M, Feng Y, Wang L, Huang T, Yuan J, Deng G, Lu H. A feasibility study of COVID-19 detection using breath analysis by high-pressure photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Breath Res 2022; 16. [PMID: 36052728 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac8ea1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 has caused a tremendous threat to global health. PCR and antigen testing have played a prominent role in the detection of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals and disease control. An efficient, reliable detection tool is still urgently needed to halt the global COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, FDA emergency approved VOC as an alternative test for COVID-19 detection. METHODS AND MATERIALS In this case-control study, we prospectively and consecutively recruited 95 confirmed COVID-19 patients and 106 healthy controls in the designated hospital for treatment of COVID-19 patients in Shenzhen, China. Exhaled breath samples were collected and stored in customized bags and then detected by HPPI-TOFMS for volatile organic components (VOCs). Machine learning (ML) algorithms were employed for COVID-19 detection model construction. Participants were randomly assigned in a 5:2:3 ratio to the training, validation, and blinded test sets. The sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), and other general metrics were employed for the VOCs based COVID-19 detection model performance evaluation. RESULTS The VOCs based COVID-19 detection model achieved good performance, with a SEN of 92.2% (95% CI: 83.8%, 95.6%), a SPE of 86.1% (95% CI: 74.8%, 97.4%) on blinded test set. Five potential VOC ions related to COVID-19 infection were discovered, which are significantly different between COVID-19 infected patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS This study evaluated a simple, fast, non-invasive VOCs-based COVID-19 detection method and demonstrated that it has good sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing COVID-19 infected patients from controls. It has great potential for fast and accurate COVID-19 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peize Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary medicine and Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518112, CHINA
| | - Tantan Ren
- Department of Pulmonary medicine and Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518112, CHINA
| | - Haibin Chen
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism, 3rd Gangnanli, Fengtai Distinct, Beijing, 100071, CHINA
| | - Qingyun Li
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism, 3rd Gangnanli, Fengtai Distinct, Beijing, 100071, CHINA
| | - Mengqi He
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism, 3rd Gangnanli, Fengtai Distinct, Beijing, 100071, CHINA
| | - Yong Feng
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism,, 3rd Gangnanli, Fengtai Distinct, Beijing, 100071, CHINA
| | - Lei Wang
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism, 3rd Gangnanli, Fengtai Distinct, Beijing, 100071, CHINA
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Disease Control, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang District, Beijing, 100071, CHINA
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518112, CHINA
| | - Guofang Deng
- Department of Pulmonary medicine and Tuberculosis,, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518112, CHINA
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518112, CHINA
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18
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pyAIR-A New Software Tool for Breathomics Applications-Searching for Markers in TD-GC-HRMS Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072063. [PMID: 35408461 PMCID: PMC9000534 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile metabolites in exhaled air have promising potential as diagnostic biomarkers. However, the combination of low mass, similar chemical composition, and low concentrations introduces the challenge of sorting the data to identify markers of value. In this paper, we report the development of pyAIR, a software tool for searching for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) markers in multi-group datasets, tailored for Thermal-Desorption Gas-Chromatography High Resolution Mass-Spectrometry (TD-GC-HRMS) output. pyAIR aligns the compounds between samples by spectral similarity coupled with retention times (RT), and statistically compares the groups for compounds that differ by intensity. This workflow was successfully tested and evaluated on gaseous samples spiked with 27 model VOCs at six concentrations, divided into three groups, down to 0.3 nL/L. All analytes were correctly detected and aligned. More than 80% were found to be significant markers with a p-value < 0.05; several were classified as possibly significant markers (p-value < 0.1), while a few were removed due to background level. In all group comparisons, low rates of false markers were found. These results showed the potential of pyAIR in the field of trace-level breathomics, with the capability to differentially examine several groups, such as stages of illness.
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19
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Morales E, Alcantara-Lopez MV, Cabezas-Herrera J, de Diego T, Hernandez-Caselles T, Jimenez-Guerrero P, Larque E, Lopez-Soler C, Martinez-Gracia C, Martinez-Torres A, Martin-Orozco E, Mendiola J, Nieto-Díaz A, Noguera JA, Perez-Fernandez V, Prieto-Sánchez MT, Salvador-Garcia C, Sanchez-Solis M, Santaella-Pascual M, Sola-Martinez RA, Torres-Cantero A, Yagüe-Guirao G, Zornoza-Moreno M, Garcia-Marcos L. The Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) birth cohort study: Rationale, design, and methods. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2022; 36:310-324. [PMID: 34841558 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary prevention strategies for asthma are lacking. Its inception probably starts in utero and/or during the early postnatal period as the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) paradigm suggests. OBJECTIVES The main objective of Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) cohort study is to unravel whether the following factors contribute causally to the developmental origins of asthma: (1) maternal obesity/adiposity and foetal growth; (2) maternal and child nutrition; (3) outdoor air pollution; (4) endocrine disruptors; and (5) maternal psychological stress. Maternal and offspring biological samples are used to assess changes in offspring microbiome, immune system, epigenome and volatilome as potential mechanisms influencing disease susceptibility. POPULATION Randomly selected pregnant women from three health areas of Murcia, a south-eastern Mediterranean region of Spain, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were invited to participate at the time of the follow-up visit for routine foetal anatomy scan at 19-22 weeks of gestation, at the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit of the "Virgen de la Arrixaca" University Clinical Hospital over a 36-month period, from March 2015 to April 2018. DESIGN Prospective, population-based, maternal-child, birth cohort study. METHODS Questionnaires on exposures and outcome variables were administered to mothers at 20-24 gestation week; 32-36 gestation week; and delivery. Children were surveyed at birth, 3 and 18 months of age and currently at 5 years. Furthermore, physical examinations were performed; and different measurements and biological samples were obtained at these time points. PRELIMINARY RESULTS Among the 1350 women invited to participate, 738 (54%) were finally enrolled in the study and 720 of their children were eligible at birth. The adherence was high with 612 children (83%) attending the 3 months' visit and 532 children (72%) attending the 18 months' visit. CONCLUSION The NELA cohort will add original and unique knowledge to the developmental origins of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Morales
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria V Alcantara-Lopez
- Paediatric Psychology Unit, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" Children's University Clinical Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Cabezas-Herrera
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" University Clinical Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Teresa de Diego
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Trinidad Hernandez-Caselles
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Jimenez-Guerrero
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Regional Atmospheric Modelling Group, Department of Physics, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elvira Larque
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Maternal and Children Health Network (SAMID III), Murcia, Spain
| | - Concepción Lopez-Soler
- Paediatric Psychology Unit, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" Children's University Clinical Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Paediatric and Adolescent Clinical Psychology University Research Group (GUIIA-PC), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Martinez-Gracia
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonela Martinez-Torres
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Paediatric Respiratory and Allergy Units, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" Children's University Clinical Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Martin-Orozco
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jaime Mendiola
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Anibal Nieto-Díaz
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Materno-Fetal Medicine Unit, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Service, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" University Clinical Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose A Noguera
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Clinical Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Virginia Perez-Fernandez
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Teresa Prieto-Sánchez
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Materno-Fetal Medicine Unit, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Service, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" University Clinical Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carme Salvador-Garcia
- Microbiology Service, General University Hospital Consortium, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Sanchez-Solis
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Paediatric Respiratory and Allergy Units, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" Children's University Clinical Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marina Santaella-Pascual
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rosa A Sola-Martinez
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Torres-Cantero
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Preventive Medicine Service, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" University Clinical Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Genoveva Yagüe-Guirao
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Microbiology Service, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" University Clinical Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Matilde Zornoza-Moreno
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,"Vistalegre-La Flota" Health Center, Health System of Murcia (SMS), Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Garcia-Marcos
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Paediatric Respiratory and Allergy Units, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" Children's University Clinical Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Network of Asthma and Adverse and Allergic Reactions (ARADyAL), Murcia, Spain
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20
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Issitt T, Wiggins L, Veysey M, Sweeney S, Brackenbury W, Redeker K. Volatile compounds in human breath: critical review and meta-analysis. J Breath Res 2022; 16. [PMID: 35120340 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac5230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Volatile compounds contained in human breath reflect the inner workings of the body. A large number of studies have been published that link individual components of breath to disease, but diagnostic applications remain limited, in part due to inconsistent and conflicting identification of breath biomarkers. New approaches are therefore required to identify effective biomarker targets. Here, volatile organic compounds have been identified in the literature from four metabolically and physiologically distinct diseases and grouped into chemical functional groups (e.g. - methylated hydrocarbons or aldehydes; based on known metabolic and enzymatic pathways) to support biomarker discovery and provide new insight on existing data. Using this functional grouping approach, principal component analysis doubled explanatory capacity from 19.1% to 38% relative to single individual compound approaches. Random forest and linear discriminant analysis reveal 93% classification accuracy for cancer. This review and meta-analysis provides insight for future research design by identifying volatile functional groups associated with disease. By incorporating our understanding of the complexities of the human body, along with accounting for variability in methodological and analytical approaches, this work demonstrates that a suite of targeted, functional volatile biomarkers, rather than individual biomarker compounds, will improve accuracy and success in diagnostic research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Issitt
- Biology, University of York, University of York, York, York, YO10 5DD, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Laura Wiggins
- Biology, University of York, University of York, York, York, YO10 5DD, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Martin Veysey
- The University of Newcastle, School of Medicine & Public Health, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, AUSTRALIA
| | - Sean Sweeney
- Biology, University of York, University of York, York, York, YO10 5DD, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - William Brackenbury
- Biology, University of York, University of York, York, York, YO10 5DD, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Kelly Redeker
- Biology, University of York, Biology Dept. University of York, York, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
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21
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Roquencourt C, Grassin-Delyle S, Thévenot EA. ptairMS: real-time processing and analysis of PTR-TOF-MS data for biomarker discovery in exhaled breath. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:1930-1937. [PMID: 35043937 PMCID: PMC8963316 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath by proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) is of increasing interest for real-time, non-invasive diagnosis, phenotyping and therapeutic drug monitoring in the clinics. However, there is currently a lack of methods and software tools for the processing of PTR-TOF-MS data from cohorts and suited for biomarker discovery studies. Results We developed a comprehensive suite of algorithms that process raw data from patient acquisitions and generate the table of feature intensities. Notably, we included an innovative two-dimensional peak deconvolution model based on penalized splines signal regression for accurate estimation of the temporal profile and feature quantification, as well as a method to specifically select the VOCs from exhaled breath. The workflow was implemented as the ptairMS software, which contains a graphical interface to facilitate cohort management and data analysis. The approach was validated on both simulated and experimental datasets, and we showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the VOC detection reached 99% and 98.4%, respectively, and that the error of quantification was below 8.1% for concentrations down to 19 ppb. Availability and implementation The ptairMS software is publicly available as an R package on Bioconductor (doi: 10.18129/B9.bioc.ptairMS), as well as its companion experiment package ptairData (doi: 10.18129/B9.bioc.ptairData). Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Roquencourt
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire Sciences des Données et de la Décision, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stanislas Grassin-Delyle
- Hôpital Foch, Exhalomics, Département des maladies des voies respiratoires, Suresnes, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et inflammation, Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
- FHU SEPSIS (Saclay and Paris Seine Nord Endeavour to PerSonalize Interventions for Sepsis)
| | - Etienne A Thévenot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
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22
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Choueiry F, Zhu J. Secondary electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) fingerprinting enabled treatment monitoring of pulmonary carcinoma cells in real time. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1189:339230. [PMID: 34815037 PMCID: PMC8613447 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths in the United States. A novel volatile analysis platform is needed to complement current diagnostic techniques and better elucidate chemical signatures of lung cancer and subsequent treatments. A systems biology bottom-up approach using cell culture volatilomics was employed to identify pathological volatile fingerprints of lung cancer in real time. An advanced secondary electrospray ionization (SESI) source, named SuperSESI was used in this study and directly attached to a Thermo Q-Exactive high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS). We performed a series of experiments to determine if our optimized SESI-HRMS platform can distinguish between cancer types by sampling their in vitro volatilome profiles. We detected 60 significant volatile organic compound (VOC) features in positive mode that were deemed of cancer cell origin. The cell derived features were used for subsequent analyses to distinguish between our two studied lung cancer types, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model revealed a good separation of the two cancer types, suggesting unique chemical composition of their headspace profiles. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve using 10 prominent features was used to predict disease type, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.811. Cultures were also treated with cisplatin to determine the feasibility of classifying drug treatment from expelled gases. A PLS-DA model revealed independent clustering based on their headspace profiles. An ROC curve using the top features driving separation of PLS-DA model suggested good accuracy with an AUC of 1. It is thus possible to benefit from the advantages of this platform to distinguish the unique volatile fingerprints of cancers to uncover potential biomarkers for cancer type differentiation and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Choueiry
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University; Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University; Columbus, OH 43210, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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23
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Zanetti F, Zivkovic Semren T, Battey JND, Guy PA, Ivanov NV, van der Plas A, Hoeng J. A Literature Review and Framework Proposal for Halitosis Assessment in Cigarette Smokers and Alternative Nicotine-Delivery Products Users. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2021; 2:777442. [PMID: 35048075 PMCID: PMC8757736 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.777442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Halitosis is a health condition which counts cigarette smoking (CS) among its major risk factors. Cigarette smoke can cause an imbalance in the oral bacterial community, leading to several oral diseases and conditions, including intraoral halitosis. Although the best approach to decrease smoking-related health risks is quitting smoking, this is not feasible for many smokers. Switching to potentially reduced-risk products, like electronic vapor products (EVP) or heated tobacco products (HTP), may help improve the conditions associated with CS. To date, there have been few systematic studies on the effects of CS on halitosis and none have assessed the effects of EVP and HTP use. Self-assessment studies have shown large limitations owing to the lack of reliability in the participants' judgment. This has compelled the scientific community to develop a strategy for meaningful assessment of these new products in comparison with cigarettes. Here, we compiled a review of the existing literature on CS and halitosis and propose a 3-layer approach that combines the use of the most advanced breath analysis techniques and multi-omics analysis to define the interactions between oral bacterial species and their role in halitosis both in vitro and in vivo. Such an approach will allow us to compare the effects of different nicotine-delivery products on oral bacteria and quantify their impact on halitosis. Defining the impact of alternative nicotine-delivery products on intraoral halitosis and its associated bacteria will help the scientific community advance a step further toward understanding the safety of these products and their potentiall risks for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Zanetti
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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24
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Gouzi F, Ayache D, Hédon C, Molinari N, Vicet A. Breath acetone concentration: too heterogeneous to constitute a diagnosis or prognosis biomarker in heart failure? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Breath Res 2021; 16. [PMID: 34727537 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac356d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Exhaled breath acetone (ExA) has been investigated as a biomarker for heart failure (HF). Yet, barriers to its use in the clinical field have not been identified. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the ExA heterogeneity and factors of variability in healthy controls (HC), to identify its relations with HF diagnosis and prognostic factors and to assess its diagnosis and prognosis accuracy in HF patients.Methods. A systematic search was conducted in PUBMED and Web of Science database. All studies with HC and HF patients with a measured ExA were included and studies providing ExA's diagnosis and prognosis accuracy were identified.Results. Out of 971 identified studies, 18 studies involving 833 HC and 1009 HF patients were included in the meta-analysis. In HC, ExA showed an important heterogeneity (I2= 99%). Variability factors were fasting state, sampling type and analytical method. The mean ExA was 1.89 times higher in HF patients vs. HC (782 [531-1032] vs. 413 [347-478] ppbv;p< 0.001). One study showed excellent diagnosis accuracy, and one showed a good prognosis value. ExA correlated with New York Heart Association (NYHA) dyspnea (p< 0.001) and plasma brain natriuretic peptide (p< 0.001). Studies showed a poor definition and reporting of included subjects.Discussion. Despite the between-study heterogeneity in HC, the evidence of an excellent diagnosis and prognosis value of ExA in HF from single studies can be extended to clinical populations worldwide. Factors of variability (ExA procedure and breath sampling) could further improve the diagnosis and prognosis values of this biomarker in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Gouzi
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHRU, Montpellier, France
| | - Diba Ayache
- IES, Montpellier University, CNRS, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Hédon
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHRU, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Molinari
- IDESP, INSERM, Montpellier University, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurore Vicet
- IES, Montpellier University, CNRS, F-34000 Montpellier, France
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25
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Breath-Taking Perspectives and Preliminary Data toward Early Detection of Chronic Liver Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111563. [PMID: 34829792 PMCID: PMC8615034 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gold standard method for chronic liver diseases diagnosis and staging remains liver biopsy, despite the spread of less invasive surrogate modalities based on imaging and blood biomarkers. Still, more than 50% of chronic liver disease cases are detected at later stages when patients exhibit episodes of liver decompensation. Breath analysis represents an attractive means for the development of non-invasive tests for several pathologies, including chronic liver diseases. In this perspective review, we summarize the main findings of studies that compared the breath of patients with chronic liver diseases against that of control subjects and found candidate biomarkers for a potential breath test. Interestingly, identified compounds with best classification performance are of exogenous origin and used as flavoring agents in food. Therefore, random dietary exposure of the general population to these compounds prevents the establishment of threshold levels for the identification of disease subjects. To overcome this limitation, we propose the exogenous volatile organic compounds (EVOCs) probe approach, where one or multiple of these flavoring agent(s) are administered at a standard dose and liver dysfunction associated with chronic liver diseases is evaluated as a washout of ingested compound(s). We report preliminary results in healthy subjects in support of the potential of the EVOC Probe approach.
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26
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Peled N, Fuchs V, Kestenbaum EH, Oscar E, Bitran R. An Update on the Use of Exhaled Breath Analysis for the Early Detection of Lung Cancer. LUNG CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2021; 12:81-92. [PMID: 34429674 PMCID: PMC8378913 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s320493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer has historically been the main responsible for cancer associated deaths. Owing to this is our current inability to screen for and diagnose early pathological findings, preventing us from a timely intervention when cure is still achievable. Over the last decade, together with the extraordinary progress in therapeutical alternatives in the field, there has been an ongoing search for a biomarker that would allow for this. Numerous technologies have been developed but their clinical application is yet to come. In this review, we provide an update on volatile organic compounds, a non-invasive method that can hold the key for detecting early metabolic pathway changes in carcinogenesis. For its compilation, web-based search engines of scientific literature such as PubMed were explored and reviewed, using articles, research, and papers deemed meaningful by authors discretion. After a brief description, we depict how this technique can complement current methods and present the value of electronic noses in the identification of the “breathprint”. Lastly, we bring some of the latest updates in the field together with the current limitations and final remarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Peled
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vered Fuchs
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Emily H Kestenbaum
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Elron Oscar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Raul Bitran
- The Legacy Heritage Oncology Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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27
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Hasan MR, Suleiman M, Pérez-López A. Metabolomics in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of COVID-19. Front Genet 2021; 12:721556. [PMID: 34367265 PMCID: PMC8343128 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.721556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic triggered an unprecedented global effort in developing rapid and inexpensive diagnostic and prognostic tools. Since the genome of SARS-CoV-2 was uncovered, detection of viral RNA by RT-qPCR has played the most significant role in preventing the spread of the virus through early detection and tracing of suspected COVID-19 cases and through screening of at-risk population. However, a large number of alternative test methods based on SARS-CoV-2 RNA or proteins or host factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection have been developed and evaluated. The application of metabolomics in infectious disease diagnostics is an evolving area of science that was boosted by the urgency of COVID-19 pandemic. Metabolomics approaches that rely on the analysis of volatile organic compounds exhaled by COVID-19 patients hold promise for applications in a large-scale screening of population in point-of-care (POC) setting. On the other hand, successful application of mass-spectrometry to detect specific spectral signatures associated with COVID-19 in nasopharyngeal swab specimens may significantly save the cost and turnaround time of COVID-19 testing in the diagnostic microbiology and virology laboratories. Active research is also ongoing on the discovery of potential metabolomics-based prognostic markers for the disease that can be applied to serum or plasma specimens. Several metabolic pathways related to amino acid, lipid and energy metabolism were found to be affected by severe disease with COVID-19. In particular, tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway were persistently dysregulated in several independent studies, suggesting the roles of several metabolites of this pathway such as tryptophan, kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine as potential prognostic markers of the disease. However, standardization of the test methods and large-scale clinical validation are necessary before these tests can be applied in a clinical setting. With rapidly expanding data on the metabolic profiles of COVID-19 patients with varying degrees of severity, it is likely that metabolomics will play an important role in near future in predicting the outcome of the disease with a greater degree of certainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rubayet Hasan
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Andrés Pérez-López
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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28
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Abstract
Biomarkers may be diagnostic of asthma, they may predict or reflect response to therapy or they may identify patients at risk of asthma exacerbation. A biomarker is most often measured in biologic fluids that are sampled using relatively non-invasive sampling techniques such as blood, sputum, urine or exhaled breath. Biomarkers should be stable, readily quantifiable and their measurement should be reproducible and not confounded by other host factors, or the presence of comorbidities. However, asthma comprises multiple molecular endotypes and single, sensitive, specific, biomarkers reflecting these endotypes may not exist. Combining biomarkers may improve their predictive capability in asthma. The most well-established endotypes are those described as Type2 and non-Type2 asthma. Clinical trials established the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and blood eosinophil counts as key biomarkers of response to corticosteroid or targeted anti-inflammatory therapy in Type2 asthma. However, these biomarkers may have limited value in the management of asthma in real-life settings or routine clinical practise. Biomarkers for Type2 asthma are not well described or validated and more research is needed. Breathomics has provided evidence to propose a number of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as surrogate biomarkers for airway inflammatory phenotypes, disease activity and adherence to therapy. Analysis of urinary eicosanoids has identified eicosanoids related to Type2 and non-Type2 inflammation. Future clinical trials will be important in determining how exhaled VOCs or urinary eicosanoid profiles can be used to direct precision treatments. Their future clinical use will also depend on developing simplified instrumentation for biomarker analysis at the point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Shute
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK -
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29
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Khoubnasabjafari M, Mogaddam MRA, Rahimpour E, Soleymani J, Saei AA, Jouyban A. Breathomics: Review of Sample Collection and Analysis, Data Modeling and Clinical Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1461-1487. [PMID: 33691552 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1889961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics research is rapidly gaining momentum in disease diagnosis, on top of other Omics technologies. Breathomics, as a branch of metabolomics is developing in various frontiers, for early and noninvasive monitoring of disease. This review starts with a brief introduction to metabolomics and breathomics. A number of important technical issues in exhaled breath collection and factors affecting the sampling procedures are presented. We review the recent progress in metabolomics approaches and a summary of their applications on the respiratory and non-respiratory diseases investigated by breath analysis. Recent reports on breathomics studies retrieved from Scopus and Pubmed were reviewed in this work. We conclude that analyzing breath metabolites (both volatile and nonvolatile) is valuable in disease diagnoses, and therefore believe that breathomics will turn into a promising noninvasive discipline in biomarker discovery and early disease detection in personalized medicine. The problem of wide variations in the reported metabolite concentrations from breathomics studies should be tackled by developing more accurate analytical methods and sophisticated numerical analytical alogorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Rahimpour
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleymani
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Liver and Gastrointestinal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ata Saei
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Foo LH, Balan P, Pang LM, Laine ML, Seneviratne CJ. Role of the oral microbiome, metabolic pathways, and novel diagnostic tools in intra-oral halitosis: a comprehensive update. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:359-375. [PMID: 33653206 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1888867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Halitosis or oral malodor is one of the most common reasons for the patients' visit to the dental clinic, ranking behind only dental caries and periodontitis. In the present times, where social and professional communications are becoming unavoidable, halitosis has become a concern of growing importance. Oral malodor mostly develops due to the putrefaction of substrates by the indigenous bacterial populations. Although culture-based studies have provided adequate information on halitosis, the high throughput omics technologies have amplified the resolution at which oral microbial community can be examined and has led to the detection of a broader range of taxa associated with intra-oral halitosis (IOH). These microorganisms are regulated by the interactions of their ecological processes. Thus to develop effective treatment strategies, it is important to understand the microbial basis of halitosis. In the current review, we provide an update on IOH in context to the role of the oral microbiome, metabolic pathways involved, and novel diagnostic tools, including breathomics. Understanding oral microbiota associated with halitosis from a broader ecological perspective can provide novel insights into one's oral and systemic health. Such information can pave the way for the emergence of diagnostic tools that can revolutionize the early detection of halitosis and various associated medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lean Heong Foo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontic Unit, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health ACP, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Preethi Balan
- Oral Health ACP, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative (SOMI), National Dental Research Institute Singapore (NDRIS), National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Mei Pang
- Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative (SOMI), National Dental Research Institute Singapore (NDRIS), National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marja L Laine
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne
- Oral Health ACP, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative (SOMI), National Dental Research Institute Singapore (NDRIS), National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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31
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Walker HJ, Burrell MM. Could breath analysis by MS could be a solution to rapid, non-invasive testing for COVID-19? Bioanalysis 2020; 12:1213-1217. [PMID: 32734782 PMCID: PMC7466950 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Walker
- biOMICS Facility, Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Michael M Burrell
- biOMICS Facility, Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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