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Marvin CC, Hobson AD, McPherson MJ, Hayes ME, Patel MV, Schmidt DL, Li T, Randolph JT, Bischoff AK, Fitzgibbons J, Wang L, Wang L, Hernandez A, Jia Y, Goess CA, Bryant SH, Mathieu SL, Xu J. Anti-TNF Thioester Glucocorticoid Antibody-Drug Conjugate Fully Inhibits Inflammation with Minimal Effect on Systemic Corticosterone Levels in a Mouse Arthritis Model. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9495-9515. [PMID: 38780432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
We describe the discovery of a thioester-containing glucocorticoid receptor modulator (GRM) payload and the corresponding antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Payload 6 was designed for rapid hepatic inactivation to minimize systemic exposure of nonconjugated GRM. Mouse PK indicated that 6 is cleared 10-fold more rapidly than a first-generation GRM payload, resulting in 10-fold lower exposure and 3-fold decrease in Cmax. The anti-mTNF conjugate ADC5 fully inhibited inflammation in mouse contact hypersensitivity with minimal effects on corticosterone, a biomarker for systemic GRM effects, at doses up to and including 100 mg/kg. Concomitant inhibition of P1NP suggests potential delivery to cells involved in the remodeling of bone, which may be a consequence of TNF-targeting or bystander payload effects. Furthermore, ADC5 fully suppressed inflammation in collagen-induced arthritis mouse model after one 10 mg/kg dose for 21 days. The properties of the anti-hTNF conjugate were suitable for liquid formulation and may enable subcutaneous dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Marvin
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Adrian D Hobson
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Michael J McPherson
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Martin E Hayes
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Meena V Patel
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Diana L Schmidt
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Tongmei Li
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - John T Randolph
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Agnieszka K Bischoff
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Julia Fitzgibbons
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Axel Hernandez
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Ying Jia
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Christian A Goess
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Shaughn H Bryant
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Suzanne L Mathieu
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Jianwen Xu
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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2
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McPherson MJ, Hobson AD, Hernandez A, Marvin CC, Waegell W, Goess C, Oh JZ, Shi D, Hayes ME, Wang L, Wang L, Schmidt D, Wang Z, Pitney V, McCarthy K, Jia Y, Wang C, Kang BN, Bryant S, Mathieu S, Ruzek M, Parmentier J, D'Cunha RR, Pang Y, Phillips L, Brown NJ, Xu J, Graff C, Tian Y, Longenecker KL, Qiu W, Zhu H, Liu W, Zheng P, Bi Y, Stoffel R. An anti-TNF-glucocorticoid receptor modulator antibody-drug conjugate is efficacious against immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadd8936. [PMID: 38507467 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add8936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are efficacious drugs used for treating many inflammatory diseases, but the dose and duration of administration are limited because of severe side effects. We therefore sought to identify an approach to selectively target GCs to inflamed tissue. Previous work identified that anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies that bind to transmembrane TNF undergo internalization; therefore, an anti-TNF antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) would be mechanistically similar, where lysosomal catabolism could release a GC receptor modulator (GRM) payload to dampen immune cell activity. Consequently, we have generated an anti-TNF-GRM ADC with the aim of inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production from stimulated human immune cells. In an acute mouse model of contact hypersensitivity, a murine surrogate anti-TNF-GRM ADC inhibited inflammatory responses with minimal effect on systemic GC biomarkers. In addition, in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis, single-dose administration of the ADC, delivered at disease onset, was able to completely inhibit arthritis for greater than 30 days, whereas an anti-TNF monoclonal antibody only partially inhibited disease. ADC treatment at the peak of disease was also able to attenuate the arthritic phenotype. Clinical data for a human anti-TNF-GRM ADC (ABBV-3373) from a single ascending dose phase 1 study in healthy volunteers demonstrated antibody-like pharmacokinetic profiles and a lack of impact on serum cortisol concentrations at predicted therapeutic doses. These data suggest that an anti-TNF-GRM ADC may provide improved efficacy beyond anti-TNF alone in immune mediated diseases while minimizing systemic side effects associated with standard GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian D Hobson
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Axel Hernandez
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - Wendy Waegell
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christian Goess
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jason Z Oh
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Dan Shi
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Martin E Hayes
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Diana Schmidt
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Zhi Wang
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Victoria Pitney
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - Ying Jia
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ce Wang
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Bit Na Kang
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Shaughn Bryant
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Suzanne Mathieu
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Melanie Ruzek
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Julie Parmentier
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - Yinuo Pang
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Lucy Phillips
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nathan J Brown
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jianwen Xu
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Candace Graff
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yu Tian
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - Wei Qiu
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Haizhong Zhu
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- AbbVie Bay Area, 1000 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Pingping Zheng
- AbbVie Bay Area, 1000 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yingtao Bi
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Robert Stoffel
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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3
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Gibbings SL, Haist KC, Redente EF, Henson PM, Bratton DL. TNFα: TNFR1 signaling inhibits maturation and maintains the pro-inflammatory programming of monocyte-derived macrophages in murine chronic granulomatous disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354836. [PMID: 38404573 PMCID: PMC10884288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Loss of NADPH oxidase activity results in proinflammatory macrophages that contribute to hyperinflammation in Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD). Previously, it was shown in a zymosan-induced peritonitis model that gp91phox-/- (CGD) monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMacs) fail to phenotypically mature into pro-resolving MoMacs characteristic of wild type (WT) but retain the ability to do so when placed in the WT milieu. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that soluble factor(s) in the CGD milieu thwart appropriate programming. Methods We sought to identify key constituents using ex vivo culture of peritoneal inflammatory leukocytes and their conditioned media. MoMac phenotyping was performed via flow cytometry, measurement of efferocytic capacity and multiplex analysis of secreted cytokines. Addition of exogenous TNFα, TNFα neutralizing antibody and TNFR1-/- MoMacs were used to study the role of TNFα: TNFR1 signaling in MoMac maturation. Results More extensive phenotyping defined normal MoMac maturation and demonstrated failure of maturation of CGD MoMacs both ex vivo and in vivo. Protein components, and specifically TNFα, produced and released by CGD neutrophils and MoMacs into conditioned media was identified as critical to preventing maturation. Exogenous addition of TNFα inhibited WT MoMac maturation, and its neutralization allowed maturation of cultured CGD MoMacs. TNFα neutralization also reduced production of IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL1 by CGD cells though these cytokines played no role in MoMac programming. MoMacs lacking TNFR1 matured more normally in the CGD milieu both ex vivo and following adoptive transfer in vivo. Discussion These data lend mechanistic insights into the utility of TNFα blockade in CGD and to other diseases where such therapy has been shown to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L. Gibbings
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Kelsey C. Haist
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth F. Redente
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Peter M. Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Donna L. Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
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Wang L, Hobson AD, Fitzgibbons J, Hernandez A, Jia Y, Xu Z, Wang Z, Yu Y, Li X. Impact of dipeptide on ADC physicochemical properties and efficacy identifies Ala-Ala as the optimal dipeptide. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:355-365. [PMID: 38283215 PMCID: PMC10809321 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00473b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Side chains of natural occurring amino acids vary greatly in terms of charge state, polarity, size and hydrophobicity. Using a linear synthetic route, two amino acids were sequentially coupled to a potent glucocorticoid receptor modulator (GRM) to afford a library of dipeptide-GRM linker payloads with a range of in silico properties. The linker payloads were conjugated to a mouse anti-TNF antibody through interchain disulfide Cys. Impact of various dipeptide linkers on ADC physical properties, including solubility, hydrophobicity, and aggregation were evaluated and the in silico properties pI, Log P and tPSA of the linker drugs used to correlate with these properties. ADCs were screened in a GRE luciferase reporter assay to compare their in vitro efficacy. Data identified Ala-Ala as a superior dipeptide linker that allowed a maximum drug load of 10 while affording ADCs with low aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center 381 Plantation Street Worcester Massachusetts 01605 USA
| | - Adrian D Hobson
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center 381 Plantation Street Worcester Massachusetts 01605 USA
| | - Julia Fitzgibbons
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center 381 Plantation Street Worcester Massachusetts 01605 USA
| | - Axel Hernandez
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center 381 Plantation Street Worcester Massachusetts 01605 USA
| | - Ying Jia
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center 381 Plantation Street Worcester Massachusetts 01605 USA
| | - Zhou Xu
- WuXi AppTec 168 Nanhai Road, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area TEDA TJS 300457 China
| | - Zhongyuan Wang
- WuXi AppTec 168 Nanhai Road, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area TEDA TJS 300457 China
| | - Yajie Yu
- WuXi AppTec 168 Nanhai Road, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area TEDA TJS 300457 China
| | - Xiang Li
- WuXi AppTec 168 Nanhai Road, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area TEDA TJS 300457 China
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5
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Gerassy-Vainberg S, Starosvetsky E, Gaujoux R, Blatt A, Maimon N, Gorelik Y, Pressman S, Alpert A, Bar-Yoseph H, Dubovik T, Perets B, Katz A, Milman N, Segev M, Chowers Y, Shen-Orr SS. A personalized network framework reveals predictive axis of anti-TNF response across diseases. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101300. [PMID: 38118442 PMCID: PMC10829759 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Personalized treatment of complex diseases has been mostly predicated on biomarker identification of one drug-disease combination at a time. Here, we use a computational approach termed Disruption Networks to generate a data type, contextualized by cell-centered individual-level networks, that captures biology otherwise overlooked when performing standard statistics. This data type extends beyond the "feature level space", to the "relations space", by quantifying individual-level breaking or rewiring of cross-feature relations. Applying Disruption Networks to dissect high-dimensional blood data, we discover and validate that the RAC1-PAK1 axis is predictive of anti-TNF response in inflammatory bowel disease. Intermediate monocytes, which correlate with the inflammatory state, play a key role in the RAC1-PAK1 responses, supporting their modulation as a therapeutic target. This axis also predicts response in rheumatoid arthritis, validated in three public cohorts. Our findings support blood-based drug response diagnostics across immune-mediated diseases, implicating common mechanisms of non-response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Gerassy-Vainberg
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Elina Starosvetsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Renaud Gaujoux
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; CytoReason, Tel Aviv 67012, Israel
| | - Alexandra Blatt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Naama Maimon
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Yuri Gorelik
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Sigal Pressman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Ayelet Alpert
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Haggai Bar-Yoseph
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Tania Dubovik
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Benny Perets
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | | | - Neta Milman
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Meital Segev
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yehuda Chowers
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel.
| | - Shai S Shen-Orr
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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Kinzer JL, Halseth TA, Kang J, Kim SY, Kumaran P, Ford M, Saveliev S, Skilton SJ, Schwendeman A. Physicochemical characterization and functionality comparison of Humira®(adalimumab), Remicade®(infliximab) and Simponi Aria®(golimumab). Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122646. [PMID: 36709835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
FDA-approved anti-TNFα biopharmaceuticals are successful in treating a range of autoimmune diseases. However, not all anti-TNFα products are identical in their patient outcomes, suggesting that there may be product-specific differences stemming from protein structural differences, doses and routes of administration. In this work, we focus only on structural and functional differences across three full-length anti-TNFα mAbs (Humira®, Remicade®, and Simponi Aria®) to better understand the implications of such differences on the products' efficacy. For structural characterization, we quantified N-glycans using mass spectrometry and fluorescence labeling. From these studies, we observed that Remicade® had the highest percent of afucosylated glycans (15.5 ± 1.3 %) and the largest number of unique glycans, 28. While Humira® had the fewest unique glycans, 15, and 11.4 ± 0.8 % of afucosylated, high-mannose glycans. For the functional studies we tested TNFα binding via ELISA, FcγRIIIa binding via AlphaLISA and effector function using an ADCC bioreporter assay. Humira® had a significantly lower EC50 (1.9 ± 0.1 pM) for ELISA and IC50 (10.5 ± 1.1 nM) for AlphaLISA, suggesting that Humira® has higher TNFα and FcγRIIIa binding affinity than Remicade® and Simponi Aria®. Humira® was also the most potent in the bioreporter assay with an EC50 value of 0.55 ± 0.03 nM compared to Remicade® (0.64 ± 0.04 nM) and Simponi Aria® (0.67 ± 0.03 nM). This comparison is significant as it highlights functional differences between mAbs with shared mechanisms of action when examined in a single laboratory and under one set of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill L Kinzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Troy A Halseth
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jukyung Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Sang Yeop Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Preethi Kumaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Michael Ford
- MS Bioworks, 3950 Varsity Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, United States
| | - Sergei Saveliev
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Rd, Madison, WI 53711, United States
| | - St John Skilton
- Protein Metrics, 20863 Stevens Creek Blvd #450, Cupertino, CA 95014, United States
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Biointerfaces Institute, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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7
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Nath N, Godat B, Flemming R, Urh M. A homogeneous bioluminescent immunoassay for parallel characterization of binding between a panel of antibodies and a family of Fcγ receptors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12185. [PMID: 35842448 PMCID: PMC9287719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc engineering efforts are increasingly being employed to modulate interaction of antibodies with variety of Fc receptors in an effort to improve the efficacy and safety of the therapeutic antibodies. Among the various Fc receptors, Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) present on variety of immune cells are especially relevant since they can activate multiple effector functions including antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Depending on the desired mechanism of action (MOA) of the antibody, interactions between Fc domain of the antibody and FcγR (denoted as Fc/FcγR) may need to be enhanced or abolished. Therefore, during the antibody discovery process, biochemical methods are routinely used to measure the affinities of Fc/FcγR interactions. To enable such screening, we developed a plate based, simple to use, homogeneous immunoassays for six FcγRs by leveraging a luminescent protein complementation technology (NanoBiT). An added advantage of the NanoBiT immunoassays is their solution-based format, which minimizes well known surface related artifacts associated with traditional biosensor platforms (e.g., surface plasmon resonance and biolayer interferometry). With NanoBiT FcγRs assays, we demonstrate that assays are specific, report IgG subclass specific affinities and detect modulation in Fc/FcγR interactions in response to the changes in the Fc domain. We subsequently screen a panel of therapeutic antibodies including seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and four polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) products and highlight the advantages of parallel screening method for developing new antibody therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Nath
- Promega Corporation, R&D Department, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA. .,Bio-Techne, R&D Department, 614 McKinley Place NE, Minneapolis, MN, 55413, USA.
| | - Becky Godat
- Promega Corporation, R&D Department, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Rod Flemming
- Promega Corporation, R&D Department, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Marjeta Urh
- Promega Corporation, R&D Department, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA.
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8
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Verstockt B, Parkes M, Lee JC. How Do We Predict a Patient's Disease Course and Whether They Will Respond to Specific Treatments? Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1383-1395. [PMID: 34995535 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.12.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastroenterologists will be all too familiar with the difficult decisions that managing inflammatory bowel disease often presents. How aggressively should I treat this patient? Do I expect them to have a mild or aggressive form of disease? Do they need a biologic? If so, which one? And when should I start it? The reality is that the answers that would be right for one patient might be disastrous for another. The growing therapeutic armamentarium will only make these decisions more difficult, and yet, we have seen how other specialties have begun to use the molecular heterogeneity in their diseases to provide some answers. Here, we review the progress that has been made in predicting the future for any given patient with inflammatory bowel disease-whether that is the course of disease that they will experience or whether or not they will respond to, or indeed tolerate, a particular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Verstockt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders-Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TARGID-IBD), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Miles Parkes
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James C Lee
- Genetic Mechanisms of Disease Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Royal Free London Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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9
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Hobson AD, McPherson MJ, Waegell W, Goess CA, Stoffel RH, Li X, Zhou J, Wang Z, Yu Y, Hernandez A, Bryant SH, Mathieu SL, Bischoff AK, Fitzgibbons J, Pawlikowska M, Puthenveetil S, Santora LC, Wang L, Wang L, Marvin CC, Hayes ME, Shrestha A, Sarris KA, Li B. Design and Development of Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulators as Immunology Antibody-Drug Conjugate Payloads. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4500-4533. [PMID: 35133822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptor modulators (GRM) are the first-line treatment for many immune diseases, but unwanted side effects restrict chronic dosing. However, targeted delivery of a GRM payload via an immunology antibody-drug conjugate (iADC) may deliver significant efficacy at doses that do not lead to unwanted side effects. We initiated our α-TNF-GRM ADC project focusing on identifying the optimal payload and a linker that afforded stable attachment to both the payload and antibody, resulting in the identification of the synthetically accessible maleimide-Gly-Ala-Ala linker. DAR 4 purified ADCs were shown to be more efficacious in a mouse contact hypersensitivity model than the parent α-TNF antibody. Analysis of P1NP and corticosterone biomarkers showed there was a sufficient therapeutic window between efficacy and unwanted effects. In a chronic mouse arthritis model, α-TNF-GRM ADCs were more efficacious than both the parent α-TNF mAb and an isotype control bearing the same GRM payload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian D Hobson
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Michael J McPherson
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Wendy Waegell
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Christian A Goess
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Robert H Stoffel
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Xiang Li
- WuXi AppTec, 168 Nanhai Road, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- WuXi AppTec, 168 Nanhai Road, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wang
- WuXi AppTec, 168 Nanhai Road, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yajie Yu
- WuXi AppTec, 168 Nanhai Road, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Axel Hernandez
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Shaughn H Bryant
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Suzanne L Mathieu
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Agnieszka K Bischoff
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Julia Fitzgibbons
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Martyna Pawlikowska
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Sujiet Puthenveetil
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Ling C Santora
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Christopher C Marvin
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Martin E Hayes
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Anurupa Shrestha
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kathy A Sarris
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Biqin Li
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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10
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Chen H, Wu X, Xu C, Lin J, Liu Z. Dichotomous roles of neutrophils in modulating pathogenic and repair processes of inflammatory bowel diseases. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2021; 4:246-257. [PMID: 35692862 PMCID: PMC8982532 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are considered as complex innate immune cells and play a critical role in maintaining intestinal mucosal homeostasis. They exert robust pro-inflammatory effects and recruit other immune cells in the acute phase of pathogen infection and intestinal inflammation, but paradoxically, they also limit exogenous microbial invasion and facilitate mucosal restoration. Hyperactivation or dysfunction of neutrophils results in abnormal immune responses, leading to multiple autoimmune and inflammatory diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). As a refractory intestinal inflammatory disease, the pathogenesis and progression of IBD are associated with complicated immune response processes in which neutrophils are profoundly involved. However, the consensus on potential roles of neutrophils in modulating pathogenic and repair processes of IBD remains not fully understood. Accumulated infiltrating neutrophils cross the epithelial barrier and contribute to microbial dysbiosis, aggravated intestinal architectural damage, compromised resolution of intestinal inflammation and increased risk of thrombosis during IBD. Paradoxically, activated neutrophils are also associated with effective elimination of invaded microbiota, promoted angiogenesis and tissue restoration of gut mucosa in IBD. Here, we discuss the beneficial and detrimental roles of neutrophils in the onset and resolution of intestinal mucosal inflammation, hoping to provide a precise overview of neutrophil functions in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Chen
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiaohan Wu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chunjin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First People's Hospital of Shangqiu City Affiliated to Xinxiang Medical University, Shangqiu 476100, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian 351106, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
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11
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Abstract
Current practice in IBD is to classify patients based on clinical signs and symptoms and provide treatments accordingly. However, the response of IBD patients to available treatments is highly variable, highlighting clinically significant heterogeneity among patients. Thus, more accurate patient stratification is urgently needed to more effectively target therapeutic interventions to specific patients. Here we review the degree of heterogeneity in IBD, discussing how the microbiota, genetics, and immune system may contribute to the variation among patients. We highlight how molecular heterogeneity may relate to clinical phenotype, but in other situations may be independent of clinical phenotype, encouraging future studies to fill the gaps. Finally, we discuss novel stratification methodologies as a foundation for precision medicine, in particular a novel stratification strategy based on conserved genes across species. All of these dimensions of heterogeneity have potential to provide strategies for patient stratification and move IBD practice towards personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja A Selin
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Gastroenterology Unit, Patient Area Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Division of Clinical Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Charlotte R H Hedin
- Gastroenterology Unit, Patient Area Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Division of Clinical Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Eduardo J Villablanca
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Division of Clinical Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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12
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Pauwels RWM, Proietti E, van der Woude CJ, Oudijk L, Crombag MRBS, Peppelenbosch MP, Grohmann U, Fuhler GM, de Vries AC. Vedolizumab Tissue Concentration Correlates to Mucosal Inflammation and Objective Treatment Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1813-1820. [PMID: 33705545 PMCID: PMC8528144 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between vedolizumab (VDZ) exposure and treatment response is unclear and seems insufficiently explained by serum levels. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between VDZ concentrations in serum and intestinal tissue and their association with mucosal inflammation and response to VDZ. METHODS This prospective study included 37 adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease with endoscopic inflammation at baseline who started VDZ. At week 16, serum and biopsies were collected for VDZ measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling was used to calculate serum trough concentrations and to assess intestinal tissue concentrations. Validated clinical and endoscopic scores were used to define clinical and endoscopic response and remission, and fecal calprotectin levels were used to assess biochemical response. Histologic remission was determined by the Nancy score. RESULTS A positive correlation was observed between VDZ concentrations in serum and tissue (r2 = 0.83; P < 0.0001). High mucosal rather than serum VDZ levels correlated with a reduced endoscopic (P = 0.06) grade of mucosal inflammation. Furthermore, patients with a positive biochemical and endoscopic outcome had higher tissue levels of VDZ than patients without biochemical and endoscopic response (P < 0.01 and P = 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Tissue levels of VDZ may provide a better marker than serum levels for mucosal inflammation and objective treatment outcome at week 16. The potential of VDZ tissue levels for therapeutic drug monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske W M Pauwels
- Erasmus MC, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisa Proietti
- Erasmus MC, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- University of Perugia, Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Lindsey Oudijk
- Erasmus MC, Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ursula Grohmann
- University of Perugia, Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gwenny M Fuhler
- Erasmus MC, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie C de Vries
- Erasmus MC, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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13
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Prins MM, Verstockt B, Ferrante M, Vermeire S, Wildenberg ME, Koelink PJ. Monocyte TREM-1 Levels Associate With Anti-TNF Responsiveness in IBD Through Autophagy and Fcγ-Receptor Signaling Pathways. Front Immunol 2021; 12:627535. [PMID: 33790898 PMCID: PMC8005579 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.627535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells (TREM)-1 has been described as a predictive marker for anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy responsiveness in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here we investigated expression of TREM-1 specifically in CD14+ monocytes in relation to anti-TNF response. The pretreatment TREM-1 expression levels of CD14+ monocytes of Crohn's disease (CD) patients were predictive of outcome to anti-TNF mAb therapy, with low TREM-1 expression associated with response to anti-TNF. FACSorting of CD14+ monocytes with different TREM-1 levels showed that differentiation towards regulatory CD206+ M2 type macrophages by anti-TNF was suppressed in CD14+ monocytes with high TREM-1 expression. Activity of the Fcγ-Receptor and autophagy pathway, both necessary for M2 type differentiation and the response to anti-TNF, were decreased in CD14+ monocytes with high expression of TREM-1. We confirmed that the activity of the Fcγ-Receptor pathway was decreased in the CD patients that did not respond to anti-TNF therapy and that it was negatively correlated with TREM-1 expression levels in the CD patient cohort. In conclusion, our results indicate that TREM-1 expression levels in CD14+ monocytes associate with decreased autophagy and FcγR activity resulting in decreased differentiation to M2 type regulatory macrophages upon anti-TNF mAb treatment, which may explain anti-TNF non-response in IBD patients with high expression levels of TREM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marileen M Prins
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bram Verstockt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders [TARGID], Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing [CHROMETA], KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Ferrante
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders [TARGID], Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing [CHROMETA], KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders [TARGID], Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing [CHROMETA], KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manon E Wildenberg
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pim J Koelink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Koelink PJ, Bloemendaal FM, Li B, Westera L, Vogels EWM, van Roest M, Gloudemans AK, van 't Wout AB, Korf H, Vermeire S, te Velde AA, Ponsioen CY, D'Haens GRAM, Verbeek JS, Geiger TL, Wildenberg ME, van den Brink GR. Anti-TNF therapy in IBD exerts its therapeutic effect through macrophage IL-10 signalling. Gut 2020; 69:1053-1063. [PMID: 31506328 PMCID: PMC7282553 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macrophage interleukin (IL)-10 signalling plays a critical role in the maintenance of a regulatory phenotype that prevents the development of IBD. We have previously found that anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) monoclonal antibodies act through Fcγ-receptor (FcγR) signalling to promote repolarisation of proinflammatory intestinal macrophages to a CD206+ regulatory phenotype. The role of IL-10 in anti-TNF-induced macrophage repolarisation has not been examined. DESIGN We used human peripheral blood monocytes and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages to study IL-10 production and CD206+ regulatory macrophage differentiation. To determine whether the efficacy of anti-TNF was dependent on IL-10 signalling in vivo and in which cell type, we used the CD4+CD45Rbhigh T-cell transfer model in combination with several genetic mouse models. RESULTS Anti-TNF therapy increased macrophage IL-10 production in an FcγR-dependent manner, which caused differentiation of macrophages to a more regulatory CD206+ phenotype in vitro. Pharmacological blockade of IL-10 signalling prevented the induction of these CD206+ regulatory macrophages and diminished the therapeutic efficacy of anti-TNF therapy in the CD4+CD45Rbhigh T-cell transfer model of IBD. Using cell type-specific IL-10 receptor mutant mice, we found that IL-10 signalling in macrophages but not T cells was critical for the induction of CD206+ regulatory macrophages and therapeutic response to anti-TNF. CONCLUSION The therapeutic efficacy of anti-TNF in resolving intestinal inflammation is critically dependent on IL-10 signalling in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim J Koelink
- Tytgat Insitute for Liver & Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felicia M Bloemendaal
- Tytgat Insitute for Liver & Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Gastroenterology and hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bofeng Li
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Liset Westera
- Tytgat Insitute for Liver & Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther W M Vogels
- Tytgat Insitute for Liver & Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon van Roest
- Tytgat Insitute for Liver & Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk K Gloudemans
- Janssen Prevention Center of Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angelique B van 't Wout
- Janssen Prevention Center of Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anje A te Velde
- Tytgat Insitute for Liver & Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cyriel Y Ponsioen
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert RAM D'Haens
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Human Genetics, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Terrence L Geiger
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Manon E Wildenberg
- Tytgat Insitute for Liver & Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs R van den Brink
- Tytgat Insitute for Liver & Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Roche Innovation Center Basel, F Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Markota A, Metzger R, Heiseke AF, Jandl L, Dursun E, Eisenächer K, Reindl W, Haller D, Krug AB. Comparison of iron-reduced and iron-supplemented semisynthetic diets in T cell transfer colitis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218332. [PMID: 31276514 PMCID: PMC6611680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations in inflammatory bowel disease patients and experimental studies in rodents suggest that iron in the intestinal lumen derived from iron-rich food or oral iron supplementation could exacerbate inflammation and that iron depletion from the diet could be protective. To test the hypothesis that dietary iron reduction is protective against colitis development, the impact of iron reduction in the diet below 10 mg/kg on the course of CD4+ CD62L+ T cell transfer colitis was investigated in adult C57BL/6 mice. Weight loss as well as clinical and histological signs of inflammation were comparable between mice pretreated with semisynthetic diets with either < 10mg/kg iron content or supplemented with 180 mg/kg iron in the form of ferrous sulfate or hemin. Accumulation and activation of Ly6Chigh monocytes, changes in dendritic cell subset composition and induction of proinflammatory Th1/Th17 cells in the inflamed colon were not affected by the iron content of the diets. Thus, dietary iron reduction did not protect adult mice against severe intestinal inflammation in T cell transfer induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Markota
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rebecca Metzger
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alexander F. Heiseke
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lisa Jandl
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ezgi Dursun
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Katharina Eisenächer
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Klinikum Mannheim, II. Medizinische Klinik, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair for Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Anne B. Krug
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- * E-mail:
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16
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Castro-Dopico T, Clatworthy MR. IgG and Fcγ Receptors in Intestinal Immunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:805. [PMID: 31031776 PMCID: PMC6473071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fcγ receptors (FcγR) are cell surface glycoproteins that mediate cellular effector functions of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Genetic variation in FcγR genes can influence susceptibility to a variety of antibody-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). More recently, however, genetic studies have implicated altered FcγR signaling in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a condition classically associated with dysregulated innate and T cell immunity. Specifically, a variant of the activating receptor, FcγRIIA, with low affinity for IgG, confers protection against the development of ulcerative colitis, a subset of IBD, leading to a re-evaluation of the role of IgG and FcγRs in gastrointestinal tract immunity, an organ system traditionally associated with IgA. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of IgG and FcγR function at this unique host-environment interface, from the pathogenesis of colitis and defense against enteropathogens, its contribution to maternal-fetal cross-talk and susceptibility to cancer. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic implications of this information, both in terms of how FcγR signaling pathways may be targeted for the treatment of IBD and how FcγR engagement may influence the efficacy of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Castro-Dopico
- Molecular Immunity Unit, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridge, United Kingdom
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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17
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18
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Bloemendaal FM, Koelink PJ, van Schie KA, Rispens T, Peters CP, Buskens CJ, van der Bilt JD, Bemelman WA, Korf H, Sabino JG, Ponsioen CY, Te Velde AA, D'Haens GRAM, Vermeire S, van den Brink GR, Wildenberg ME. TNF-anti-TNF Immune Complexes Inhibit IL-12/IL-23 Secretion by Inflammatory Macrophages via an Fc-dependent Mechanism. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:1122-1130. [PMID: 29860435 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We have recently shown that the mode of action of IgG1 anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] requires Fcγ-receptor [FcγR] engagement on macrophages. Here we examine the effect of Fcγ-receptor signalling by anti-TNF on macrophage IL-12/IL-23 secretion. METHODS Cytokine production by human inflammatory macrophages was assessed at the level of RNA and protein. TNF-anti-TNF immune complex formation was determined by size-exclusion chromatography and signalling visualized by immunofluorescence. IL-12/IL-23p40 was measured in CD14+ lamina propria cells from IBD patients. RESULTS Infliximab and adalimumab potently suppressed IL-12/IL-23 production by inflammatory macrophages, but Fab' fragment certolizumab did not. IL-12/IL-23 suppression depended on Syk activity and was mediated at the level of IL-12/IL-23p40 mRNA. Etanercept, a soluble TNF receptor fused to an Fc-region, did not inhibit IL-12/L-23 secretion, suggesting that the presence of an Fc-region was not sufficient. Infliximab and adalimumab formed immune complexes with soluble TNF whereas etanercept did not, suggesting that FcγR-mediated suppression of IL-12/IL-23 required the formation of immune complexes. Indeed, non-specific IgG1 immune complexes, but not uncomplexed IgG1, similarly suppressed IL-12/IL-23 secretion. Finally, infliximab significantly decreased IL-12/IL-23p40 production in myeloid cells isolated from the lamina propria of IBD patients. CONCLUSIONS TNF-anti-TNF antibody immune complexes potently inhibit IL-12/IL-23 expression by inflammatory macrophages. Our data suggest that anti-TNFs and antibodies against IL-12/IL-23 may therefore have partially overlapping modes of action in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia M Bloemendaal
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim J Koelink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin A van Schie
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte P Peters
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christianne J Buskens
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam. The Netherlands
| | - Jarmila D van der Bilt
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam. The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Flevoziekenhuis, Almere, The Netherlands
| | - Willem A Bemelman
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam. The Netherlands
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders [TARGID], Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - João G Sabino
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders [TARGID], Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cyriel Y Ponsioen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anje A Te Velde
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert R A M D'Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Severine Vermeire
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders [TARGID], Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gijs R van den Brink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon E Wildenberg
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Blandizzi C, Galeazzi M, Valesini G. Transitioning from first- to second-generation biosimilars: An appraisal of regulatory and post-marketing challenges. Pharmacol Res 2018; 128:306-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Wildenberg ME, Levin AD, Ceroni A, Guo Z, Koelink PJ, Hakvoort TBM, Westera L, Bloemendaal FM, Brandse JF, Simmons A, D’Haens GR, Ebner D, van den Brink GR. Benzimidazoles Promote Anti-TNF Mediated Induction of Regulatory Macrophages and Enhance Therapeutic Efficacy in a Murine Model. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:1480-1490. [PMID: 28961920 PMCID: PMC5881671 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Regulatory macrophages play a critical role in tissue repair, and we have previously shown that anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] antibodies induce these macrophages in vitro and in vivo in IBD patients. The induction of regulatory macrophages can be potentiated using the combination of anti-TNF and thiopurines, consistent with the enhanced efficacy of this combination therapy described in clinical trials. As thiopurines are unfortunately associated with significant side effects, we here aimed to identify alternatives for combination therapy with anti-TNF, using the macrophage induction model as a screening tool. METHODS Mixed lymphocyte reactions were treated with anti-TNF and a library of 1600 drug compounds. Induction of CD14+CD206+ macrophages was analysed by flow cytometry. Positive hits were validated in vitro and in the T cell transfer model of colitis. RESULTS Among the 98 compounds potentiating the induction of regulatory macrophages by anti-TNF were six benzimidazoles, including albendazole. Albendazole treatment in the presence of anti-TNF resulted in alterations in the tubulin skeleton and signalling though AMPK, which was required for the enhanced induction. Combination therapy also increased expression levels of the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10. In vivo, albendazole plus anti-TNF combination therapy was superior to monotherapy in a model of colitis, in terms of both induction of regulatory macrophages and improvement of clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Albendazole enhances the induction of regulatory macrophages by anti-TNF and potentiates clinical efficacy in murine colitis. Given its favourable safety profile, these data indicate that the repurposing of albendazole may be a novel option for anti-TNF combination therapy in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon E Wildenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands,Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands,Corresponding author: Manon E. Wildenberg, PhD, Meibergdreef 69–71, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Tel.: 0031205669111;
| | - Alon D Levin
- Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Ceroni
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Zhen Guo
- Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Pim J Koelink
- Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Theodorus B M Hakvoort
- Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Liset Westera
- Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Felicia M Bloemendaal
- Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Johannan F Brandse
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Alison Simmons
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Geert R D’Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands,Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Ebner
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Gijs R van den Brink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands,Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands
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21
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Bloemendaal FM, Levin AD, Wildenberg ME, Koelink PJ, McRae BL, Salfeld J, Lum J, van der Neut Kolfschoten M, Claassens JW, Visser R, Bentlage A, D'Haens GRAM, Verbeek JS, Vidarsson G, van den Brink GR. Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor With a Glyco-Engineered Fc-Region Has Increased Efficacy in Mice With Colitis. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:1351-1362.e4. [PMID: 28756234 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists reduce many clinical features of inflammatory bowel disease, complete mucosal healing occurs in fewer than 50% of patients. The Fc-region of monoclonal antibodies against TNF has immunosuppressive properties via effects on macrophage polarization. We examined the interaction between the anti-TNF Fc-region and Fcγ receptors (FcγR), and whether the absence of the Fc core fucose (which increases binding to FcγRIIIa) increases the efficacy of anti-TNF in mice with colitis. METHODS We generated Rag1-/- mice that lack all activating FcγRs (FcγRI, FcγRIII, and FcγRIV; called FcγR-/-Rag1-/- mice). We produced hypo-fucosylated antibodies against mouse and human TNF (adalimumab). Colitis was induced in mice by transfer of CD4+CD45RBhi to FcγR-/-Rag1-/- or Rag1-/- littermates; mice were given different antibodies against TNF or isotype (control) antibodies and disease activity index scores were determined. Colon tissues were collected and analyzed by histology. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from blood of healthy donors. T-cell proliferation and proportions of CD206+ (immune regulatory) macrophages were measured in mixed lymphocyte reactions. Human PBMCs were genotyped for FCGR3A158 (the FcγRIIIa-158F allotype displays a lower Fc binding affinity) using the TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism genotype assay. RESULTS Rag1-/- mice with colitis given anti-TNF had near complete mucosal healing and Rag1-/- mice given an isotype control antibody developed severe colitis. In contrast, FcγR-/-Rag1-/- mice were refractory to the effects of anti-TNF: their histological colitis scores were as severe as those from FcγR-/-Rag1-/- mice given a control antibody. Colons from Rag1-/- mice that received anti-TNF had an increased number of CD206+ macrophages compared with Rag1-/- mice given control antibody; in FcγR-/-Rag1-/- mice given anti-TNF these numbers were as low as FcγR-/-Rag1-/- given the control antibody. In human PBMCs, anti-TNF increased the number of CD206+ macrophages: this required expression of FcγRIIIa; numbers of these cells were reduced in PBMCs with the low-affinity FcγRIIIa-158F genotype. A hypo-fucosylated form of adalimumab bound human FcγRIIIa with a higher affinity than control adalimumab. When hypo-fucosylated adalimumab was added to PBMCs, a larger number of CD206+ macrophages formed and T-cell proliferation was reduced, compared with addition of a control adalimumab. Hypo-fucosylated adalimumab increased the number of CD206+ macrophages in PMBCs that expressed the low-affinity FcγRIIIa. In mice with colitis, hypo-fucosylated anti-TNF significantly increased the number of CD206+ macrophages in the colon compared with control anti-TNF and was more effective in reducing colitis severity as measured by histology. CONCLUSIONS In a study of the in vitro and in vivo mechanisms of anti-TNF, we found FcγR engagement by anti-TNF to be required for reduction of colitis in mice and development of CD206+ macrophages. A hypo-fucosylated form of anti-TNF binds FcγRIIIa with higher affinity and induces development of CD206+ macrophages in human PBMCs, especially PBMCs that express low-affinity FcγRIIIa. Hypo-fucosylated anti-TNF might be more effective in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia M Bloemendaal
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alon D Levin
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon E Wildenberg
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim J Koelink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jenifer Lum
- Janssen Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jill W Claassens
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Visser
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department Experimental Immunohematology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur Bentlage
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department Experimental Immunohematology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert R A M D'Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department Experimental Immunohematology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs R van den Brink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Center, Stevenage, United Kingdom.
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22
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Belmar NA, Chan SW, Fox MI, Samayoa JA, Stickler MM, Tran NN, Akamatsu Y, Hollenbaugh D, Harding FA, Alvarez HM. Murinization and H Chain Isotype Matching of the Anti-GITR Antibody DTA-1 Reduces Immunogenicity-Mediated Anaphylaxis in C57BL/6 Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4502-4512. [PMID: 28446565 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in immuno-oncology have shown that the immune system can be activated to induce long-term, durable antitumor responses. For immuno-oncology drug development, immune activation is often explored using rat Abs in immunocompetent mouse models. Although these models can be used to show efficacy, antidrug immune responses to experimental protein-based therapeutics can arise. Immunogenicity of surrogate Abs may therefore represent an important obstacle to the evaluation of the antitumor efficacy of immunomodulator Abs in syngeneic models. A recent publication has shown that anti-glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related protein agonistic Ab DTA-1 (rat or murinized IgG2a) can induce the development of anaphylaxis in C57BL/6 mice upon repeated i.p. dosing because of an anti-idiotypic anti-drug Ab immune response. This study was undertaken to address the impact of the immunogenicity derived from the Fc and variable domains. To this end, chimerized (rat V domains/mouse constant regions) and murinized (95% mouse sequence) DTA-1-based surrogate Abs with a murine IgG2c H chain isotype were created. Chimerization and murinization of DTA-1 did not affect receptor binding and glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related protein-induced T cell agonistic properties. Similar in vivo antitumor efficacy and intratumoral CD8+/regulatory T cells were also observed. Finally, treatment of C57BL/6 mice with the chimerized and murinized DTA-1 Abs on a C57BL/6-matched IgG2c isotype resulted in reduced development and severity of anaphylaxis as measured by decline of body temperature, behavioral effects, serum IL-4, IgE, and anti-drug Ab levels. These results suggest that careful murinization and selection of a strain-matched H chain isotype are critical to generate ideal surrogate Abs for testing immuno-oncology mechanisms in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Belmar
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Sarah W Chan
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Melvin I Fox
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Josue A Samayoa
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Marcia M Stickler
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Ninian N Tran
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Yoshiko Akamatsu
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Diane Hollenbaugh
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Fiona A Harding
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Hamsell M Alvarez
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
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23
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Levin D, Lagassé HAD, Burch E, Strome S, Tan S, Jiang H, Sauna ZE, Golding B. Modulating immunogenicity of factor IX by fusion to an immunoglobulin Fc domain: a study using a hemophilia B mouse model. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:721-734. [PMID: 28166609 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Fc-fusion increases a therapeutic's half-life, but FcγR interactions may impact immunogenicity. Species-specific Fc-FcγR interactions allow for mechanistic in vivo studies using mouse models. Fc fusion modulates the immune response to factor IX in hemophilia B mice by eliciting Th1 bias. This model could inform future studies of IgE-associated anaphylaxis in hemophilia B patients. SUMMARY Background Fc fusion is a platform technology used to increase the circulating half-life of protein and peptide therapeutics. However, there are potential immunological consequences with this approach, such as changes in the molecule's immunogenicity as well as possible interactions with a repertoire of Fc receptors (FcR) that can modulate immune responses. Objectives/Methods Using a mouse hemophilia B (HB) model, we compared the immune responses to infusions of recombinant human factor IX (hFIX) and hFIX fused to mouse IgG2a-Fc (hFIX-mFc). The mFc was employed to allow species-specific Fc-FcγR interactions. Results Although treatment with hFIX-mFc altered the early development of anti-FIX IgG, no significant differences in anti-FIX antibody titers were observed at the end of the treatment regimen (5 weeks) or upon anamnestic response (5 months). However, treatment with hFIX-mFc elicited higher FIX-neutralizing antibody levels and resulted in reduced IgE titers compared with the hFIX-treated group. Additionally, differences in plasma cytokine levels and in vitro CD4+ T-cell responses suggest that whereas hFIX treatment triggered a Th2-biased immune response, hFIX-mFc treatment induced Th1-biased CD4+ T cells. We also show that hFIX-mFc bound to soluble FcγRs and engaged with FcγRs on different cell types, which may impact antigen presentation. Conclusions These studies provide a model system to study how Fc-fusion proteins may affect immune mechanisms. We used this model to demonstrate a plausible mechanism by which Fc fusion may modulate the IgE response to hFIX. This model may be appropriate for investigating the rare but severe IgE-mediated anaphylaxis reaction to hFIX infusions in HB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Levin
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - H A D Lagassé
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - E Burch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Strome
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Tan
- CRISPR Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - H Jiang
- Editas Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Z E Sauna
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - B Golding
- Plasma Derivatives Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Ben-Horin S, Vande Casteele N, Schreiber S, Lakatos PL. Biosimilars in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Facts and Fears of Extrapolation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 14:1685-1696. [PMID: 27215364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biologic drugs such as infliximab and other anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibodies have transformed the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (collectively known as inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]). However, the complex manufacturing processes involved in producing these drugs mean their use in clinical practice is expensive. Recent or impending expiration of patents for several biologics has led to development of biosimilar versions of these drugs, with the aim of providing substantial cost savings and increased accessibility to treatment. Biosimilars undergo an expedited regulatory process. This involves proving structural, functional, and biological biosimilarity to the reference product (RP). It is also expected that clinical equivalency/comparability will be demonstrated in a clinical trial in one (or more) sensitive population. Once these requirements are fulfilled, extrapolation of biosimilar approval to other indications for which the RP is approved is permitted without the need for further clinical trials, as long as this is scientifically justifiable. However, such justification requires that the mechanism(s) of action of the RP in question should be similar across indications and also comparable between the RP and the biosimilar in the clinically tested population(s). Likewise, the pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and safety of the RP should be similar across indications and comparable between the RP and biosimilar in the clinically tested population(s). To date, most anti-tumor necrosis factor biosimilars have been tested in trials recruiting patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Concerns have been raised regarding extrapolation of clinical data obtained in rheumatologic populations to IBD indications. In this review, we discuss the issues surrounding indication extrapolation, with a focus on extrapolation to IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shomron Ben-Horin
- Gastroenterology Department, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
| | - Niels Vande Casteele
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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25
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Levin AD, Wildenberg ME, van den Brink GR. Mechanism of Action of Anti-TNF Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:989-97. [PMID: 26896086 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] blocking strategies have been evaluated in patients with Crohn's disease. Compounds that have been tested included the full monoclonal IgG1 antibodies infliximab and adalimumab, the pegylated anti-TNF F[ab']2 fragment certolizumab, an IgG4 anti-TNF CDP571 with reduced affinity for the Fc receptor, the soluble TNF receptor I onercept, and the TNF receptor II-Fc fusion protein etanercept. The endpoints of these studies suggest that not all methods of blocking TNF are equal. Here we will review the differences in the clinical, biochemical, and endoscopic endpoints of the major clinical studies. Collectively the data suggest that only IgG1 monoclonal antibodies have the ability to induce complete clinical, biochemical, and endoscopic remission. We discuss the potential multiple modes of action that may contribute to the response to full IgG1 anti-TNFs, focusing on the rapid induction of lamina propria T cell apoptosis and Fc receptor-dependent induction of M2-type wound-healing macrophages. We discuss how novel insights into the mechanism of action of anti-TNFs in Crohn's disease may contribute to the development of novel anti-TNFs with improved efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon D Levin
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon E Wildenberg
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs R van den Brink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Olesen CM, Coskun M, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Nielsen OH. Mechanisms behind efficacy of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in inflammatory bowel diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 159:110-9. [PMID: 26808166 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors is successful in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). All TNF inhibitors antagonize the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α but with varying efficacies in IBD. The variations in efficacy probably are caused by structural differences between the agents that affect their mechanisms of action and pharmacokinetic properties. Several mechanisms have been proposed, such as modulation of the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and a reduction in the number of activated immune cells. However, it seems that clinical efficacy is the result of a number of different mechanisms and that binding of transmembrane TNF by TNF inhibitors. Knowledge of the mechanisms of action has been obtained mainly through the use of in vitro assays that may differ significantly from the situation in vivo. This review discusses the available data on TNF inhibitors in order to identify mechanisms of importance for their efficacy in IBD. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanistic basis for clinical efficacy can lead to a more rational use of TNF inhibitors in the management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Meyer Olesen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mehmet Coskun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inserm U954, Nancy University Hospital, Lorraine University, Vandoeuvre, France
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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