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Sourisse JM, Schunter C. Neuromolecular mechanisms related to reflex behaviour in Aplysia are affected by ocean acidification. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:240329. [PMID: 39100147 PMCID: PMC11296145 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
While ocean acidification (OA) impacts the behaviour of marine organisms, the complexity of neurosystems makes linking behavioural impairments to environmental change difficult. Using a simple model, we exposed Aplysia to ambient or elevated CO2 conditions (approx. 1500 µatm) and tested how OA affected the neuromolecular response of the pleural-pedal ganglia and caused tail withdrawal reflex (TWR) impairment. Under OA, Aplysia relax their tails faster with increased sensorin-A expression, an inhibitor of mechanosensory neurons. We further investigate how OA affects habituation training output, which produced a 'sensitization-like' behaviour and affected vesicle transport and stress response gene expression, revealing an influence of OA on learning. Finally, gabazine did not restore normal behaviour and elicited little molecular response with OA, instead, vesicular transport and cellular signalling link other neurotransmitter processes with TWR impairment. Our study shows the effects of OA on neurological tissue parts that control for behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade M. Sourisse
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, , Hong Kong
| | - Celia Schunter
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, , Hong Kong
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2
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Dinamarca MC, Colombo L, Tousiaki NE, Müller M, Pecho-Vrieseling E. Synaptic and functional alterations in the development of mutant huntingtin expressing hiPSC‐derived neurons. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:916019. [PMID: 35928225 PMCID: PMC9343803 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.916019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a monogenic disease that results in a combination of motor, psychiatric, and cognitive symptoms. It is caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the exon 1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene, which results in the production of a mutant HTT protein (mHTT) with an extended polyglutamine tract (PolyQ). Severe motor symptoms are a hallmark of HD and typically appear during middle age; however, mild cognitive and personality changes often occur already during early adolescence. Wild-type HTT is a regulator of synaptic functions and plays a role in axon guidance, neurotransmitter release, and synaptic vesicle trafficking. These functions are important for proper synapse assembly during neuronal network formation. In the present study, we assessed the effect of mHTT exon1 isoform on the synaptic and functional maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons. We used a relatively fast-maturing hiPSC line carrying a doxycycline-inducible pro-neuronal transcription factor, (iNGN2), and generated a double transgenic line by introducing only the exon 1 of HTT, which carries the mutant CAG (mHTTEx1). The characterization of our cell lines revealed that the presence of mHTTEx1 in hiPSC-derived neurons alters the synaptic protein appearance, decreases synaptic contacts, and causes a delay in the development of a mature neuronal activity pattern, recapitulating some of the developmental alterations observed in HD models, nonetheless in a shorted time window. Our data support the notion that HD has a neurodevelopmental component and is not solely a degenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Colombo
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Matthias Müller
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eline Pecho-Vrieseling
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Eline Pecho-Vrieseling,
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3
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Azarnia Tehran D, Kochlamazashvili G, Pampaloni NP, Sposini S, Shergill JK, Lehmann M, Pashkova N, Schmidt C, Löwe D, Napieczynska H, Heuser A, Plested AJR, Perrais D, Piper RC, Haucke V, Maritzen T. Selective endocytosis of Ca 2+-permeable AMPARs by the Alzheimer's disease risk factor CALM bidirectionally controls synaptic plasticity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl5032. [PMID: 35613266 PMCID: PMC9132451 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl5032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission, and the plastic modulation of their surface levels determines synaptic strength. AMPARs of different subunit compositions fulfill distinct roles in synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) to enable learning. Largely unknown endocytic mechanisms mediate the subunit-selective regulation of the surface levels of GluA1-homomeric Ca2+-permeable (CP) versus heteromeric Ca2+-impermeable (CI) AMPARs. Here, we report that the Alzheimer's disease risk factor CALM controls the surface levels of CP-AMPARs and thereby reciprocally regulates LTP and LTD in vivo to modulate learning. We show that CALM selectively facilitates the endocytosis of ubiquitinated CP-AMPARs via a mechanism that depends on ubiquitin recognition by its ANTH domain but is independent of clathrin. Our data identify CALM and related ANTH domain-containing proteins as the core endocytic machinery that determines the surface levels of CP-AMPARs to bidirectionally control synaptic plasticity and modulate learning in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Azarnia Tehran
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gaga Kochlamazashvili
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Niccolò P. Pampaloni
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Cellular Biophysics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvia Sposini
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jasmeet Kaur Shergill
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nanophysiology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 23, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalya Pashkova
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Delia Löwe
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna Napieczynska
- Animal Phenotyping, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arnd Heuser
- Animal Phenotyping, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew J. R. Plested
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Cellular Biophysics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Perrais
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Robert C. Piper
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Maritzen
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nanophysiology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 23, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Birca V, Myers KA. Genetic Generalized Epilepsy and Intrafamilial Phenotypic Variability with Distal 7q11.23 Deletion. Child Neurol Open 2022; 9:2329048X221093173. [PMID: 35481155 PMCID: PMC9036355 DOI: 10.1177/2329048x221093173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Distal 7q11.23 deletions are variably associated with epilepsy, intellectual disability and neurobehavioural abnormalities. The relative importance of different genes in this region in contributing to different phenotypes is not clear, though HIP1 and YWHAG are both thought to play important roles. Patients and Methods: We performed thorough phenotyping on members of a family in which multiple members carried a relatively small 0.8 Mb distal 7q11.23 deletion, affecting 17 genes. Results: Two brothers and a half-brother had all inherited the 7q11.23 deletion from their mother. The eldest two both had global developmental impairment and genetic generalized epilepsy, involving absence, myoclonic or myoclonic-atonic seizures. There was no history of seizures in the mother or her youngest son, but both also had developmental impairment. Conclusion: Distal 7q11.23 deletions affecting HIP1 and YWHAG may cause developmental impairment and genetic generalized epilepsy, with considerable intrafamilial phenotypic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Birca
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kenneth A. Myers
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Greco TM, Secker C, Ramos ES, Federspiel JD, Liu JP, Perez AM, Al-Ramahi I, Cantle JP, Carroll JB, Botas J, Zeitlin SO, Wanker EE, Cristea IM. Dynamics of huntingtin protein interactions in the striatum identifies candidate modifiers of Huntington disease. Cell Syst 2022; 13:304-320.e5. [PMID: 35148841 PMCID: PMC9317655 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a monogenic neurodegenerative disorder with one causative gene, huntingtin (HTT). Yet, HD pathobiology is multifactorial, suggesting that cellular factors influence disease progression. Here, we define HTT protein-protein interactions (PPIs) perturbed by the mutant protein with expanded polyglutamine in the mouse striatum, a brain region with selective HD vulnerability. Using metabolically labeled tissues and immunoaffinity purification-mass spectrometry, we establish that polyglutamine-dependent modulation of HTT PPI abundances and relative stability starts at an early stage of pathogenesis in a Q140 HD mouse model. We identify direct and indirect PPIs that are also genetic disease modifiers using in-cell two-hybrid and behavioral assays in HD human cell and Drosophila models, respectively. Validated, disease-relevant mHTT-dependent interactions encompass mediators of synaptic neurotransmission (SNAREs and glutamate receptors) and lysosomal acidification (V-ATPase). Our study provides a resource for understanding mHTT-dependent dysfunction in cortico-striatal cellular networks, partly through impaired synaptic communication and endosomal-lysosomal system. A record of this paper's Transparent Peer Review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Greco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher Secker
- Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduardo Silva Ramos
- Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joel D Federspiel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jeh-Ping Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alma M Perez
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ismael Al-Ramahi
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Cantle
- Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Carroll
- Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Juan Botas
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott O Zeitlin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Erich E Wanker
- Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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6
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Campbell RR, Chen S, Beardwood JH, López AJ, Pham LV, Keiser AM, Childs JE, Matheos DP, Swarup V, Baldi P, Wood MA. Cocaine induces paradigm-specific changes to the transcriptome within the ventral tegmental area. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1768-1779. [PMID: 34155331 PMCID: PMC8357835 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During the initial stages of drug use, cocaine-induced neuroadaptations within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are critical for drug-associated cue learning and drug reinforcement processes. These neuroadaptations occur, in part, from alterations to the transcriptome. Although cocaine-induced transcriptional mechanisms within the VTA have been examined, various regimens and paradigms have been employed to examine candidate target genes. In order to identify key genes and biological processes regulating cocaine-induced processes, we employed genome-wide RNA-sequencing to analyze transcriptional profiles within the VTA from male mice that underwent one of four commonly used paradigms: acute home cage injections of cocaine, chronic home cage injections of cocaine, cocaine-conditioning, or intravenous-self administration of cocaine. We found that cocaine alters distinct sets of VTA genes within each exposure paradigm. Using behavioral measures from cocaine self-administering mice, we also found several genes whose expression patterns corelate with cocaine intake. In addition to overall gene expression levels, we identified several predicted upstream regulators of cocaine-induced transcription shared across all paradigms. Although distinct gene sets were altered across cocaine exposure paradigms, we found, from Gene Ontology (GO) term analysis, that biological processes important for energy regulation and synaptic plasticity were affected across all cocaine paradigms. Coexpression analysis also identified gene networks that are altered by cocaine. These data indicate that cocaine alters networks enriched with glial cell markers of the VTA that are involved in gene regulation and synaptic processes. Our analyses demonstrate that transcriptional changes within the VTA depend on the route, dose and context of cocaine exposure, and highlight several biological processes affected by cocaine. Overall, these findings provide a unique resource of gene expression data for future studies examining novel cocaine gene targets that regulate drug-associated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne R Campbell
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Siwei Chen
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joy H Beardwood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alberto J López
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lilyana V Pham
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ashley M Keiser
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jessica E Childs
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dina P Matheos
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vivek Swarup
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marcelo A Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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7
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Bettencourt C, Miki Y, Piras IS, de Silva R, Foti SC, Talboom JS, Revesz T, Lashley T, Balazs R, Viré E, Warner TT, Huentelman MJ, Holton JL. MOBP and HIP1 in multiple system atrophy: New α-synuclein partners in glial cytoplasmic inclusions implicated in the disease pathogenesis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:640-652. [PMID: 33368549 PMCID: PMC8219819 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Similar to Parkinson's disease (PD), MSA is an α-synucleinopathy, and its pathological hallmark consists of glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) containing α-synuclein (SNCA) in oligodendrocytes. We previously identified consistent changes in myelin-associated oligodendrocyte basic protein (MOBP) and huntingtin interacting protein 1 (HIP1) DNA methylation status in MSA. We hypothesized that if differential DNA methylation at these loci is mechanistically relevant for MSA, it should have downstream consequences on gene regulation. METHODS We investigated the relationship between MOBP and HIP1 DNA methylation and mRNA levels in cerebellar white matter from MSA and healthy controls. Additionally, we analysed protein expression using western blotting, immunohistochemistry and proximity ligation assays. RESULTS We found decreased MOBP mRNA levels significantly correlated with increased DNA methylation in MSA. For HIP1, we found a distinct relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression levels in MSA compared to healthy controls, suggesting this locus may be subjected to epigenetic remodelling in MSA. Although soluble protein levels for MOBP and HIP1 in cerebellar white matter were not significantly different between MSA cases and controls, we found striking differences between MSA and other neurodegenerative diseases, including PD and Huntington's disease. We also found that MOBP and HIP1 are mislocalized into the GCIs in MSA, where they appear to interact with SNCA. CONCLUSIONS This study supports a role for DNA methylation in downregulation of MOBP mRNA in MSA. Most importantly, the identification of MOBP and HIP1 as new constituents of GCIs emphasizes the relevance of these two loci to the pathogenesis of MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conceição Bettencourt
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological DisordersUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Department of Clinical and Movement NeurosciencesUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - Yasuo Miki
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological DisordersUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Department of NeuropathologyInstitute of Brain ScienceHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Ignazio S. Piras
- Neurogenomics DivisionTranslational Genomics Research InstitutePhoenixAZUSA
| | - Rohan de Silva
- Department of Clinical and Movement NeurosciencesUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Reta Lila Weston InstituteUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - Sandrine C. Foti
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological DisordersUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - Joshua S. Talboom
- Neurogenomics DivisionTranslational Genomics Research InstitutePhoenixAZUSA
| | - Tamas Revesz
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological DisordersUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Reta Lila Weston InstituteUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological DisordersUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - Robert Balazs
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological DisordersUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | | | - Thomas T. Warner
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological DisordersUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Department of Clinical and Movement NeurosciencesUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Reta Lila Weston InstituteUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - Matt J. Huentelman
- Neurogenomics DivisionTranslational Genomics Research InstitutePhoenixAZUSA
| | - Janice L. Holton
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological DisordersUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Department of Clinical and Movement NeurosciencesUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
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8
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Huntington's Chorea-a Rare Neurodegenerative Autosomal Dominant Disease: Insight into Molecular Genetics, Prognosis and Diagnosis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:2634-2648. [PMID: 34235640 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative autosomal disease results due to expansion of polymorphic CAG repeats in the huntingtin gene. Phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor 4E-BP results in the alteration of the translation control leading to unwanted protein synthesis and neuronal function. Consequences of mutant huntington (mhtt) gene transcription are not well known. Variability of age of onset is an important factor of Huntington's disease separating adult and juvenile types. The factors which are taken into account are-genetic modifiers, maternal protection i.e excessive paternal transmission, superior ageing genes and environmental threshold. A major focus has been given to the molecular pathogenesis which includes-motor disturbance, cognitive disturbance and neuropsychiatric disturbance. The diagnosis part has also been taken care of. This includes genetic testing and both primary and secondary symptoms. The present review also focuses on the genetics and pathology of Huntington's disease.
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9
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Barron JC, Hurley EP, Parsons MP. Huntingtin and the Synapse. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:689332. [PMID: 34211373 PMCID: PMC8239291 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.689332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a monogenic disease that results in a combination of motor, psychiatric and cognitive symptoms. HD is caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene, which results in the production of a pathogenic mutant HTT protein (mHTT). Although there is no cure at present for HD, a number of RNA-targeting therapies have recently entered clinical trials which aim to lower mHTT production through the use of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and RNAi. However, many of these treatment strategies are non-selective in that they cannot differentiate between non-pathogenic wild type HTT (wtHTT) and the mHTT variant. As HD patients are already born with decreased levels of wtHTT, these genetic therapies may result in critically low levels of wtHTT. The consequence of wtHTT reduction in the adult brain is currently under debate, and here we argue that wtHTT loss is not well-tolerated at the synaptic level. Synaptic dysfunction is an extremely sensitive measure of subsequent cell death, and is known to precede neurodegeneration in numerous brain diseases including HD. The present review focuses on the prominent role of wtHTT at the synapse and considers the consequences of wtHTT loss on both pre- and postsynaptic function. We discuss how wtHTT is implicated in virtually all major facets of synaptic neurotransmission including anterograde and retrograde transport of proteins to/from terminal buttons and dendrites, neurotransmitter release, endocytic vesicle recycling, and postsynaptic receptor localization and recycling. We conclude that wtHTT presence is essential for proper synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Barron
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Emily P Hurley
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Matthew P Parsons
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
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10
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Albuz B, Ozdemir O, Silan F. The high frequency of chromosomal copy number variations and candidate genes in epilepsy patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 202:106487. [PMID: 33484953 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease and is estimated to affect more than 50 million people worldwide.Epilepsy is a polygenic and multifactorial disease.Genetic causes play a major role in 40-60 % of all epilepsies.Copy number variations(CNVs) have been reported in approximately 5-12 % of patients with different types of epilepsy.Here we aimed to determine the diagnostic yield of the aCGH in epilepsy and to reveal new candidate genes and CNVs by analyzing aCGH data retrospectively. METHODS The clinical data of 80 patients with the diagnosis of epilepsy were examined retrospectively and the raw data of aCGH of these patients were reanalyzed in the light of current literature. RESULTS Pathogenic/likely pathogenic CNVs were detected in 14 of 80 patients and 12 of these CNVs (15 %) were associated with epilepsy phenotype. In addition, 18 CNVs in 16 different chromosomal loci that were evaluated as the variant of unknown clinical significance(VOUS). In four cases (5%), CNVs associated with epilepsy were less than 100 kb and these accounted for 13.3 % of all epilepsy associated CNVs. CONCLUSION The diagnostic yield of aCGH in epilepsy patients was found to be higher than most studies in the literature. MACROD2,ADGRB3(BAI3),SOX8,HIP1,PARK2 and TAFA2 genes were evaluated as potential epilepsy-related genes and NEDD9,RASAL2 and TNR genes thought to be the candidate genes for epilepsy. Our study showed that the diagnostic efficiency of aCGH in epilepsy is high and with more comprehensive studies, it will contribute to the elucidation of genes involved in genetic etiology in epilepsy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Albuz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020, Canakkale, Turkey.
| | - Ozturk Ozdemir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020, Canakkale, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Silan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020, Canakkale, Turkey.
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11
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Jayachandran M, Yuzhakov SV, Kumar S, Larson NB, Enders FT, Milliner DS, Rule AD, Lieske JC. Specific populations of urinary extracellular vesicles and proteins differentiate type 1 primary hyperoxaluria patients without and with nephrocalcinosis or kidney stones. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:319. [PMID: 33176829 PMCID: PMC7659070 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is associated with nephrocalcinosis (NC) and calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones (KS). Populations of urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) can reflect kidney pathology. The aim of this study was to determine whether urinary EVs carrying specific biomarkers and proteins differ among PH1 patients with NC, KS or with neither disease process. METHODS Mayo Clinic Rare Kidney Stone Consortium bio-banked cell-free urine from male and female PH1 patients without (n = 10) and with NC (n = 6) or KS (n = 9) and an eGFR > 40 mL/min/1.73 m2 were studied. Urinary EVs were quantified by digital flow cytometer and results expressed as EVs/ mg creatinine. Expressions of urinary proteins were measured by customized antibody array and results expressed as relative intensity. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA adjusting for sex, and biomarkers differences were considered statistically significant among groups at a false discovery rate threshold of Q < 0.20. RESULTS Total EVs and EVs from different types of glomerular and renal tubular cells (11/13 markers) were significantly (Q < 0.20) altered among PH1 patients without NC and KS, patients with NC or patients with KS alone. Three cellular adhesion/inflammatory (ICAM-1, MCP-1, and tissue factor) markers carrying EVs were statistically (Q < 0.20) different between PH1 patients groups. Three renal injury (β2-microglobulin, laminin α5, and NGAL) marker-positive urinary EVs out of 5 marker assayed were statistically (Q < 0.20) different among PH1 patients without and with NC or KS. The number of immune/inflammatory cell-derived (8 different cell markers positive) EVs were statistically (Q < 0.20) different between PH1 patients groups. EV generation markers (ANO4 and HIP1) and renal calcium/phosphate regulation or calcifying matrixvesicles markers (klotho, PiT1/2) were also statistically (Q < 0.20) different between PH1 patients groups. Only 13 (CD14, CD40, CFVII, CRP, E-cadherin, EGFR, endoglin, fetuin A, MCP-1, neprilysin, OPN, OPGN, and PDGFRβ) out of 40 proteins were significantly (Q < 0.20) different between PH1 patients without and with NC or KS. CONCLUSIONS These results imply activation of distinct renal tubular and interstitial cell populations and processes associated with KS and NC, and suggest specific populations of urinary EVs and proteins are potential biomarkers to assess the pathogenic mechanisms between KS versus NC among PH1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthuvel Jayachandran
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Division of Hematology Research, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Stanislav V. Yuzhakov
- Division of Hematology Research, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Nicholas B. Larson
- Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Felicity T. Enders
- Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Dawn S. Milliner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Andrew D. Rule
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - John C. Lieske
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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12
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Jiang H, Sandoval Del Prado LE, Leung C, Wang D. Huntingtin-interacting protein family members have a conserved pro-viral function from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22462-22472. [PMID: 32839311 PMCID: PMC7486723 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006914117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntingtin-interacting protein family members are evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans, and they are known to be key factors in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Here we identified the Caenorhabditis elegans protein huntingtin-interacting protein-related 1 (HIPR-1) as a host factor essential for Orsay virus infection of C. elegans Ablation of HIPR-1 resulted in a greater than 10,000-fold reduction in viral RNA, which could be rescued by ectopic expression of HIPR-1. Viral RNA replication from an endogenous transgene replicon system was not affected by lack of HIPR-1, suggesting that HIPR-1 plays a role during an early, prereplication virus life-cycle stage. Ectopic expression of HIPR-1 mutants demonstrated that neither the clathrin light chain-binding domain nor the clathrin heavy chain-binding motif were needed for virus infection, whereas the inositol phospholipid-binding and F-actin-binding domains were essential. In human cell culture, deletion of the human HIP orthologs HIP1 and HIP1R led to decreased infection by Coxsackie B3 virus. Finally, ectopic expression of a chimeric HIPR-1 harboring the human HIP1 ANTH (AP180 N-terminal homology) domain rescued Orsay infection in C. elegans, demonstrating conservation of its function through evolution. Collectively, these findings further our knowledge of cellular factors impacting viral infection in C. elegans and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Jiang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110;
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Luis Enrique Sandoval Del Prado
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Christian Leung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - David Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110;
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
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13
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Clarke M, Mackay A, Ismer B, Pickles JC, Tatevossian RG, Newman S, Bale TA, Stoler I, Izquierdo E, Temelso S, Carvalho DM, Molinari V, Burford A, Howell L, Virasami A, Fairchild AR, Avery A, Chalker J, Kristiansen M, Haupfear K, Dalton JD, Orisme W, Wen J, Hubank M, Kurian KM, Rowe C, Maybury M, Crosier S, Knipstein J, Schüller U, Kordes U, Kram DE, Snuderl M, Bridges L, Martin AJ, Doey LJ, Al-Sarraj S, Chandler C, Zebian B, Cairns C, Natrajan R, Boult JKR, Robinson SP, Sill M, Dunkel IJ, Gilheeney SW, Rosenblum MK, Hughes D, Proszek PZ, Macdonald TJ, Preusser M, Haberler C, Slavc I, Packer R, Ng HK, Caspi S, Popović M, Faganel Kotnik B, Wood MD, Baird L, Davare MA, Solomon DA, Olsen TK, Brandal P, Farrell M, Cryan JB, Capra M, Karremann M, Schittenhelm J, Schuhmann MU, Ebinger M, Dinjens WNM, Kerl K, Hettmer S, Pietsch T, Andreiuolo F, Driever PH, Korshunov A, Hiddingh L, Worst BC, Sturm D, Zuckermann M, Witt O, Bloom T, Mitchell C, Miele E, Colafati GS, Diomedi-Camassei F, Bailey S, Moore AS, Hassall TEG, Lowis SP, Tsoli M, Cowley MJ, Ziegler DS, Karajannis MA, Aquilina K, Hargrave DR, Carceller F, Marshall LV, von Deimling A, Kramm CM, Pfister SM, Sahm F, Baker SJ, Mastronuzzi A, Carai A, Vinci M, Capper D, Popov S, Ellison DW, Jacques TS, Jones DTW, Jones C. Infant High-Grade Gliomas Comprise Multiple Subgroups Characterized by Novel Targetable Gene Fusions and Favorable Outcomes. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:942-963. [PMID: 32238360 PMCID: PMC8313225 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Infant high-grade gliomas appear clinically distinct from their counterparts in older children, indicating that histopathologic grading may not accurately reflect the biology of these tumors. We have collected 241 cases under 4 years of age, and carried out histologic review, methylation profiling, and custom panel, genome, or exome sequencing. After excluding tumors representing other established entities or subgroups, we identified 130 cases to be part of an "intrinsic" spectrum of disease specific to the infant population. These included those with targetable MAPK alterations, and a large proportion of remaining cases harboring gene fusions targeting ALK (n = 31), NTRK1/2/3 (n = 21), ROS1 (n = 9), and MET (n = 4) as their driving alterations, with evidence of efficacy of targeted agents in the clinic. These data strongly support the concept that infant gliomas require a change in diagnostic practice and management. SIGNIFICANCE: Infant high-grade gliomas in the cerebral hemispheres comprise novel subgroups, with a prevalence of ALK, NTRK1/2/3, ROS1, or MET gene fusions. Kinase fusion-positive tumors have better outcome and respond to targeted therapy clinically. Other subgroups have poor outcome, with fusion-negative cases possibly representing an epigenetically driven pluripotent stem cell phenotype.See related commentary by Szulzewsky and Cimino, p. 904.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 890.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Clarke
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Mackay
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Britta Ismer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica C Pickles
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth G Tatevossian
- Department of Neuropathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Scott Newman
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Tejus A Bale
- Department of Neuropathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Iris Stoler
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neuropathology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Izquierdo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Temelso
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana M Carvalho
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Molinari
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Burford
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Howell
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Virasami
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy R Fairchild
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aimee Avery
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Chalker
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Kristiansen
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Haupfear
- Department of Neuropathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - James D Dalton
- Department of Neuropathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Wilda Orisme
- Department of Neuropathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ji Wen
- Department of Neuropathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Michael Hubank
- Molecular Diagnostics, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Kathreena M Kurian
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Rowe
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mellissa Maybury
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
- Oncology Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephen Crosier
- Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Knipstein
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, and Research Institute Children's Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Kordes
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David E Kram
- Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Neuropathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Leslie Bridges
- Department of Neuropathology, St George's Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Martin
- Department of Neurosurgery, St George's Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence J Doey
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, Kings College Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, Kings College Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Chandler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kings College Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bassel Zebian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kings College Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Cairns
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kings College Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Natrajan
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica K R Boult
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P Robinson
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Sill
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ira J Dunkel
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Stephen W Gilheeney
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marc K Rosenblum
- Department of Neuropathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Debbie Hughes
- Molecular Diagnostics, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Z Proszek
- Molecular Diagnostics, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Tobey J Macdonald
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Haberler
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Slavc
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roger Packer
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioural Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Ho-Keung Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Shani Caspi
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mara Popović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Faganel Kotnik
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matthew D Wood
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lissa Baird
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Monika Ashok Davare
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - David A Solomon
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Clinical Cancer Genomics Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Thale Kristin Olsen
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Brandal
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Farrell
- Department of Histopathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane B Cryan
- Department of Histopathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Capra
- Paediatric Oncology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Karremann
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Ebinger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Winand N M Dinjens
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kornelius Kerl
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Germany
| | - Simone Hettmer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Pietsch
- Institute of Neuropathology, DGNN Brain Tumor Reference Center, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Felipe Andreiuolo
- Institute of Neuropathology, DGNN Brain Tumor Reference Center, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pablo Hernáiz Driever
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lotte Hiddingh
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara C Worst
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Sturm
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Zuckermann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Witt
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tabitha Bloom
- BRAIN UK, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Mitchell
- BRAIN UK, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Onco-haematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Stefania Colafati
- Oncological Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Simon Bailey
- Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S Moore
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
- Oncology Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Timothy E G Hassall
- Oncology Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephen P Lowis
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Tsoli
- Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Mark J Cowley
- Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - David S Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Matthias A Karajannis
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kristian Aquilina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Darren R Hargrave
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Carceller
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Children & Young People's Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Lynley V Marshall
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Children & Young People's Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof M Kramm
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suzanne J Baker
- Department of Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Neuro-oncology Unit, Department of Onco-haematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Carai
- Oncological Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vinci
- Department of Onco-haematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - David Capper
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neuropathology, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergey Popov
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, University of Wales Hospital NHS Trust, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David W Ellison
- Department of Neuropathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - Thomas S Jacques
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
| | - David T W Jones
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chris Jones
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
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14
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Zhu L, Chen L, Xu P, Lu D, Dai S, Zhong L, Han Y, Zhang M, Xiao B, Chang L, Wu Q. Genetic and molecular basis of epilepsy-related cognitive dysfunction. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 104:106848. [PMID: 32028124 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disease characterized by recurrent seizures. About 70 million people were affected by epilepsy or epileptic seizures. Epilepsy is a complicated complex or symptomatic syndromes induced by structural, functional, and genetic causes. Meanwhile, several comorbidities are accompanied by epileptic seizures. Cognitive dysfunction is a long-standing complication associated with epileptic seizures, which severely impairs quality of life. Although the definitive pathogenic mechanisms underlying epilepsy-related cognitive dysfunction remain unclear, accumulating evidence indicates that multiple risk factors are probably involved in the development and progression of cognitive dysfunction in patients with epilepsy. These factors include the underlying etiology, recurrent seizures or status epilepticus, structural damage that induced secondary epilepsy, genetic variants, and molecular alterations. In this review, we summarize several theories that may explain the genetic and molecular basis of epilepsy-related cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Puying Xu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Di Lu
- Biomedicine Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Chun Rong West Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Shujuan Dai
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Lianmei Zhong
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Yanbing Han
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiang Ya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiang Ya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Lvhua Chang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China.
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China.
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Endocytic Adaptor Proteins in Health and Disease: Lessons from Model Organisms and Human Mutations. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111345. [PMID: 31671891 PMCID: PMC6912373 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells need to exchange material and information with their environment. This is largely achieved via cell-surface receptors which mediate processes ranging from nutrient uptake to signaling responses. Consequently, their surface levels have to be dynamically controlled. Endocytosis constitutes a powerful mechanism to regulate the surface proteome and to recycle vesicular transmembrane proteins that strand at the plasma membrane after exocytosis. For efficient internalization, the cargo proteins need to be linked to the endocytic machinery via adaptor proteins such as the heterotetrameric endocytic adaptor complex AP-2 and a variety of mostly monomeric endocytic adaptors. In line with the importance of endocytosis for nutrient uptake, cell signaling and neurotransmission, animal models and human mutations have revealed that defects in these adaptors are associated with several diseases ranging from metabolic disorders to encephalopathies. This review will discuss the physiological functions of the so far known adaptor proteins and will provide a comprehensive overview of their links to human diseases.
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Tragante V, Hemerich D, Alshabeeb M, Brænne I, Lempiäinen H, Patel RS, den Ruijter HM, Barnes MR, Moore JH, Schunkert H, Erdmann J, Asselbergs FW. Druggability of Coronary Artery Disease Risk Loci. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 11:e001977. [PMID: 30354342 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.117.001977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have identified multiple loci associated with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, but only a few of these loci are current targets for on-market medications. To identify drugs suitable for repurposing and their targets, we created 2 unique pipelines integrating public data on 49 coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction-genome-wide association studies loci, drug-gene interactions, side effects, and chemical interactions. METHODS We first used publicly available genome-wide association studies results on all phenotypes to predict relevant side effects, identified drug-gene interactions, and prioritized candidates for repurposing among existing drugs. Second, we prioritized gene product targets by calculating a druggability score to estimate how accessible pockets of coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction-associated gene products are, then used again the genome-wide association studies results to predict side effects, excluded loci with widespread cross-tissue expression to avoid housekeeping and genes involved in vital processes and accordingly ranked the remaining gene products. RESULTS These pipelines ultimately led to 3 suggestions for drug repurposing: pentolinium, adenosine triphosphate, and riociguat (to target CHRNB4, ACSS2, and GUCY1A3, respectively); and 3 proteins for drug development: LMOD1 (leiomodin 1), HIP1 (huntingtin-interacting protein 1), and PPP2R3A (protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit b-double prime, α). Most current therapies for coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction treatment were also rediscovered. CONCLUSIONS Integration of genomic and pharmacological data may prove beneficial for drug repurposing and development, as evidence from our pipelines suggests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Tragante
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology (V.T., D.H., F.W.A.)
| | - Daiane Hemerich
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology (V.T., D.H., F.W.A.).,University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília (D.H.)
| | - Mohammad Alshabeeb
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.A.)
| | - Ingrid Brænne
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany (I.B., J.E.)
| | | | - Riyaz S Patel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (R.P., F.W.A.). Bart's Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (R.P.).,William Harvey Research Institute, Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, United Kingdom (M.R.B.)
| | | | - Michael R Barnes
- William Harvey Research Institute, Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, United Kingdom (M.R.B.)
| | - Jason H Moore
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.H.M.)
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Germany (H.S.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (H.S.)
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany (I.B., J.E.).,DZHK (German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Munich, Germany (J.E.).,University Heart Center Lübeck, Germany (J.E.)
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology (V.T., D.H., F.W.A.).,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (R.P., F.W.A.). Bart's Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (R.P.).,Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (F.W.A.).,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
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Deficiency of the Endocytic Protein Hip1 Leads to Decreased Gdpd3 Expression, Low Phosphocholine, and Kypholordosis. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00385-18. [PMID: 30224518 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00385-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (Hip1) results in degenerative phenotypes. Here we generated a Hip1 deficiency allele where a floxed transcriptional stop cassette and a human HIP1 cDNA were knocked into intron 1 of the mouse Hip1 locus. CMV-Cre-mediated germ line excision of the stop cassette resulted in expression of HIP1 and rescue of the Hip1 knockout phenotype. Mx1-Cre-mediated excision led to HIP1 expression in spleen, kidney and liver, and also rescued the phenotype. In contrast, hGFAP-Cre-mediated, brain-specific HIP1 expression did not rescue the phenotype. Metabolomics and microarrays of several Hip1 knockout tissues identified low phosphocholine (PC) levels and low glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 3 (Gdpd3) gene expression. Since Gdpd3 has lysophospholipase D activity that results in the formation of choline, a precursor of PC, Gdpd3 downregulation could lead to the low PC levels. To test whether Gdpd3 contributes to the Hip1 deficiency phenotype, we generated Gdpd3 knockout mice. Double knockout of Gdpd3 and Hip1 worsened the Hip1 phenotype. This suggests that Gdpd3 compensates for Hip1 loss. More-detailed knowledge of how Hip1 deficiency leads to low PC will improve our understanding of HIP1 in choline metabolism in normal and disease states.
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18
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Independent occurrence of de novo HSPD1 and HIP1 variants in brothers with different neurological disorders - leukodystrophy and autism. Hum Genome Var 2018; 5:18. [PMID: 30083362 PMCID: PMC6053359 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-018-0020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Consecutive occurrence of de novo variants in the same family is an extremely rare phenomenon. Two siblings, a younger brother with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy and an elder brother with severe intellectual disability and autistic features, had independent de novo variants of HSPD1 c.139T > G (p.Leu47Val) and HIP1 c.1393G > A (p.Glu465Lys), respectively. These novel variants were predicted to be pathogenic. Both patients also had a known MECP2 variant, c.499C > T (p.Arg167Trp).
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19
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Takatori S, Tomita T. AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH) and Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) Domains: Physiological Functions and Involvement in Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1111:55-76. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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20
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Sossin WS. Memory Synapses Are Defined by Distinct Molecular Complexes: A Proposal. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2018; 10:5. [PMID: 29695960 PMCID: PMC5904272 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are diverse in form and function. While there are strong evidential and theoretical reasons for believing that memories are stored at synapses, the concept of a specialized “memory synapse” is rarely discussed. Here, we review the evidence that memories are stored at the synapse and consider the opposing possibilities. We argue that if memories are stored in an active fashion at synapses, then these memory synapses must have distinct molecular complexes that distinguish them from other synapses. In particular, examples from Aplysia sensory-motor neuron synapses and synapses on defined engram neurons in rodent models are discussed. Specific hypotheses for molecular complexes that define memory synapses are presented, including persistently active kinases, transmitter receptor complexes and trans-synaptic adhesion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne S Sossin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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21
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Wall MJ, Corrêa SAL. The mechanistic link between Arc/Arg3.1 expression and AMPA receptor endocytosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 77:17-24. [PMID: 28890421 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The activity-regulated cytoskeleton associated protein (Arc/Arg3.1) plays a key role in determining synaptic strength through facilitation of AMPA receptor (AMPAR) endocytosis. Although there is considerable data on the mechanism by which Arc induction controls synaptic plasticity and learning behaviours, several key mechanistic questions remain. Here we review data on the link between Arc expression and the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway which internalises AMPARs and discuss the significance of Arc binding to the clathrin adaptor protein 2 (AP-2) and to endophilin/dynamin. We consider which AMPAR subunits are selected for Arc-mediated internalisation, implications for synaptic function and consider Arc as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Wall
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, United Kingdom.
| | - Sonia A L Corrêa
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, United Kingdom.
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22
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Proskura AL, Vechkapova SO, Zapara TA, Ratushniak AS. Protein–protein interactions of huntingtin in the hippocampus. Mol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s002689331704015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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23
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CPG2 Recruits Endophilin B2 to the Cytoskeleton for Activity-Dependent Endocytosis of Synaptic Glutamate Receptors. Curr Biol 2016; 26:296-308. [PMID: 26776730 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Internalization of glutamate receptors at the postsynaptic membrane via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is a key mechanism for regulating synaptic strength. A role for the F-actin cytoskeleton in CME is well established, and recently, PKA-dependent association of candidate plasticity gene 2 (CPG2) with the spine-cytoskeleton has been shown to mediate synaptic glutamate receptor internalization. Yet, how the endocytic machinery is physically coupled to the actin cytoskeleton to facilitate glutamate receptor internalization has not been demonstrated. Moreover, there has been no distinction of endocytic-machinery components that are specific to activity-dependent versus constitutive glutamate receptor internalization. Here, we show that CPG2, through a direct physical interaction, recruits endophilin B2 (EndoB2) to F-actin, thus anchoring the endocytic machinery to the spine cytoskeleton and facilitating glutamate receptor internalization. Regulation of CPG2 binding to the actin cytoskeleton by protein kinase A directly impacts recruitment of EndoB2 and clathrin. Specific disruption of EndoB2 or the CPG2-EndoB2 interaction impairs activity-dependent, but not constitutive, internalization of both NMDA- and AMPA-type glutamate receptors. These results demonstrate that, through direct interactions with F-actin and EndoB2, CPG2 physically bridges the spine cytoskeleton and the endocytic machinery, and this tripartite association is critical specifically for activity-dependent CME of synaptic glutamate receptors.
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Papadopoulou AS, Serneels L, Achsel T, Mandemakers W, Callaerts-Vegh Z, Dooley J, Lau P, Ayoubi T, Radaelli E, Spinazzi M, Neumann M, Hébert SS, Silahtaroglu A, Liston A, D'Hooge R, Glatzel M, De Strooper B. Deficiency of the miR-29a/b-1 cluster leads to ataxic features and cerebellar alterations in mice. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 73:275-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Regulation of glutamate receptor internalization by the spine cytoskeleton is mediated by its PKA-dependent association with CPG2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E4548-56. [PMID: 24191017 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1318860110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A key neuronal mechanism for adjusting excitatory synaptic strength is clathrin-mediated endocytosis of postsynaptic glutamate receptors (GluRs). The actin cytoskeleton is critical for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, yet we lack a mechanistic understanding of its interaction with the endocytic process and how it may be regulated. Here we show that F-actin in dendritic spines physically binds the synaptic nuclear envelope 1 gene product candidate plasticity gene 2 (CPG2) in a PKA-dependent manner, and that this association is required for synaptic GluR internalization. Mutating two PKA sites on CPG2 disrupts its cytoskeletal association, attenuating GluR endocytosis and affecting the efficacy of synaptic transmission in vivo. These results identify CPG2 as an F-actin binding partner that functionally mediates interaction of the spine cytoskeleton with postsynaptic endocytosis. Further, the regulation of CPG2/F-actin association by PKA provides a gateway for cellular control of synaptic receptor internalization through second messenger signaling pathways. Recent identification of human synaptic nuclear envelope 1 as a risk locus for bipolar disorder suggests that CPG2 could play a role in synaptic dysfunction underlying neuropsychiatric disease.
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26
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Genetic association study of adaptor protein complex 4 with cerebral palsy in a Han Chinese population. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6459-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Hoehndorf R, Schofield PN, Gkoutos GV. An integrative, translational approach to understanding rare and orphan genetically based diseases. Interface Focus 2013; 3:20120055. [PMID: 23853703 PMCID: PMC3638468 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2012.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PhenomeNet is an approach for integrating phenotypes across species and identifying candidate genes for genetic diseases based on the similarity between a disease and animal model phenotypes. In contrast to ‘guilt-by-association’ approaches, PhenomeNet relies exclusively on the comparison of phenotypes to suggest candidate genes, and can, therefore, be applied to study the molecular basis of rare and orphan diseases for which the molecular basis is unknown. In addition to disease phenotypes from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database, we have now integrated the clinical signs from Orphanet into PhenomeNet. We demonstrate that our approach can efficiently identify known candidate genes for genetic diseases in Orphanet and OMIM. Furthermore, we find evidence that mutations in the HIP1 gene might cause Bassoe syndrome, a rare disorder with unknown genetic aetiology. Our results demonstrate that integration and computational analysis of human disease and animal model phenotypes using PhenomeNet has the potential to reveal novel insights into the pathobiology underlying genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hoehndorf
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK ; Department of Computer Science, University of Aberystwyth, Old College, King Street, Aberystwyth SY23 2AX, UK
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28
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Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 phosphorylation by receptor tyrosine kinases. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:3580-93. [PMID: 23836884 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00473-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (HIP1) binds inositol lipids, clathrin, actin, and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). HIP1 is elevated in many tumors, and its expression is prognostic in prostate cancer. HIP1 overexpression increases levels of the RTK epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and transforms fibroblasts. Here we report that HIP1 is tyrosine phosphorylated in the presence of EGFR and platelet-derived growth factor β receptor (PDGFβR) as well as the oncogenic derivatives EGFRvIII, HIP1/PDGFβR (H/P), and TEL/PDGFβR (T/P). We identified a four-tyrosine "HIP1 phosphorylation motif" (HPM) in the N-terminal region of HIP1 that is required for phosphorylation mediated by both EGFR and PDGFβR but not by the oncoproteins H/P and T/P. We also identified a tyrosine residue (Y152) within the HPM motif of HIP1 that inhibits HIP1 tyrosine phosphorylation. The HPM tyrosines are conserved in HIP1's only known mammalian relative, HIP1-related protein (HIP1r), and are also required for HIP1r phosphorylation. Tyrosine-to-phenylalanine point mutations in the HPM of HIP1 result in proapoptotic activity, indicating that an intact HPM may be necessary for HIP1's role in cellular survival. These data suggest that phosphorylation of HIP1 by RTKs in an N-terminal region contributes to the promotion of cellular survival.
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29
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Mutant huntingtin affects endocytosis in striatal cells by altering the binding of AP-2 to membranes. Exp Neurol 2013; 241:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Kaplan A, Stockwell BR. Therapeutic approaches to preventing cell death in Huntington disease. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 99:262-80. [PMID: 22967354 PMCID: PMC3505265 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases affect the lives of millions of patients and their families. Due to the complexity of these diseases and our limited understanding of their pathogenesis, the design of therapeutic agents that can effectively treat these diseases has been challenging. Huntington disease (HD) is one of several neurological disorders with few therapeutic options. HD, like numerous other neurodegenerative diseases, involves extensive neuronal cell loss. One potential strategy to combat HD and other neurodegenerative disorders is to intervene in the execution of neuronal cell death. Inhibiting neuronal cell death pathways may slow the development of neurodegeneration. However, discovering small molecule inhibitors of neuronal cell death remains a significant challenge. Here, we review candidate therapeutic targets controlling cell death mechanisms that have been the focus of research in HD, as well as an emerging strategy that has been applied to developing small molecule inhibitors-fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD). FBDD has been successfully used in both industry and academia to identify selective and potent small molecule inhibitors, with a focus on challenging proteins that are not amenable to traditional high-throughput screening approaches. FBDD has been used to generate potent leads, pre-clinical candidates, and has led to the development of an FDA approved drug. This approach can be valuable for identifying modulators of cell-death-regulating proteins; such compounds may prove to be the key to halting the progression of HD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kaplan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Northwest Corner Building, MC4846, 550 West 120 Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Brent R. Stockwell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, Northwest Corner Building, MC4846, 550 West 120 Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Northwest Corner Building, MC4846, 550 West 120 Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Northwest Corner Building, MC4846, 550 West 120 Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Sistani L, Rodriguez PQ, Hultenby K, Uhlen M, Betsholtz C, Jalanko H, Tryggvason K, Wernerson A, Patrakka J. Neuronal proteins are novel components of podocyte major processes and their expression in glomerular crescents supports their role in crescent formation. Kidney Int 2012; 83:63-71. [PMID: 22913984 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The podocyte has a central role in the glomerular filtration barrier typified by a sophisticated morphology of highly organized primary (major) and secondary (foot) processes. The molecular makeup of foot processes is well characterized, but that of major processes is poorly known. Previously, we profiled the glomerular transcriptome through large-scale sequencing and microarray profiling. Unexpectedly, the survey found expression of three neuronal proteins (Huntingtin interacting protein 1 (Hip1), neurofascin (Nfasc), and olfactomedin-like 2a (Olfml2a)), all enriched in the glomerulus. These proteins were expressed exclusively by podocytes, wherein they localized to major processes as verified by RT-PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopy. During podocyte development, these proteins colocalized with vimentin, confirming their association with major processes. Using immunohistochemistry, we found coexpression of Hip1 and Olfml2a along with the recognized podocyte markers synaptopodin and Pdlim2 in glomerular crescents of human kidneys, indicating the presence of podocytes in these lesions. Thus, three neuronal proteins are highly expressed in podocyte major process. Using these new markers we found that podocytes contribute to the formation of glomerular crescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Sistani
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mechanisms underlying NMDA receptor synaptic/extrasynaptic distribution and function. Mol Cell Neurosci 2011; 48:308-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Jiang H, Lu Y, Yuan L, Liu J. Regulation of interleukin-10 receptor ubiquitination and stability by beta-TrCP-containing ubiquitin E3 ligase. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27464. [PMID: 22087322 PMCID: PMC3210801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) initiates potent anti-inflammatory effects via activating its cell surface receptor, composed of IL-10R1 and IL-10R2 subunits. The level of IL-10R1 is a major determinant of the cells' responsiveness to IL-10. Here, via a series of biochemical analyses using 293T cells reconstituted with IL-10R1, we identify the latter as a novel substrate of βTrCP-containing ubiquitin E3 ligase. Within the intracellular tail of IL-10R1, a canonical (318DpSGFGpS) and a slightly deviated (369DpSGICLQEP) βTrCP recognition motif can additively recruit βTrCP in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. βTrCP recruitment leads to ubiquitination, endocytosis and degradation of IL-10R1, subsequently reducing the cellular responsiveness to IL-10. Our study uncovers a novel negative regulatory mechanism that may potentially affect IL-10 function in target cells under physiological or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianghuai Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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New insights in endosomal dynamics and AMPA receptor trafficking. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 22:499-505. [PMID: 21843653 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The trafficking mechanisms that control the density of synaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors have received significant attention because of their importance for regulating excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. AMPA receptors are synthesized in the neuronal cell body and reach their postsynaptic targets after a complex journey involving multiple transport steps along different cytoskeleton structures and through various stages of the endocytic pathway. Dendritic spines are important sites for AMPA receptor trafficking and contain the basic components of endosomal recycling. On induction of synaptic plasticity, internalized AMPA receptors undergo endosomal sorting and cycle through early endosomes and recycling endosomes back to the plasma membrane (model for long-term potentiation) or target for degradation to the lysosomes (model for long-term depression). Exciting new studies now provide insight in actin-mediated processes that controls endosomal tubule formation and receptor sorting. This review describes the path of AMPA receptor internalization up to sites of recycling and summarizes recent studies on actin-mediated endosomal receptor sorting.
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Subramaniam S, Snyder SH. Huntington’s Disease is a disorder of the corpus striatum: Focus on Rhes (Ras homologue enriched in the striatum). Neuropharmacology 2011; 60:1187-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ramocki MB, Bartnik M, Szafranski P, Kołodziejska KE, Xia Z, Bravo J, Miller GS, Rodriguez DL, Williams CA, Bader PI, Szczepanik E, Mazurczak T, Antczak-Marach D, Coldwell JG, Akman CI, McAlmon K, Cohen MP, McGrath J, Roeder E, Mueller J, Kang SHL, Bacino CA, Patel A, Bocian E, Shaw CA, Cheung SW, Mazurczak T, Stankiewicz P. Recurrent distal 7q11.23 deletion including HIP1 and YWHAG identified in patients with intellectual disabilities, epilepsy, and neurobehavioral problems. Am J Hum Genet 2010; 87:857-65. [PMID: 21109226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report 26 individuals from ten unrelated families who exhibit variable expression and/or incomplete penetrance of epilepsy, learning difficulties, intellectual disabilities, and/or neurobehavioral abnormalities as a result of a heterozygous microdeletion distally adjacent to the Williams-Beuren syndrome region on chromosome 7q11.23. In six families with a common recurrent ∼1.2 Mb deletion that includes the Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (HIP1) and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein gamma (YWHAG) genes and that is flanked by large complex low-copy repeats, we identified sites for nonallelic homologous recombination in two patients. There were no cases of this ∼1.2 Mb distal 7q11.23 deletion copy number variant identified in over 20,000 control samples surveyed. Three individuals with smaller, nonrecurrent deletions (∼180-500 kb) that include HIP1 but not YWHAG suggest that deletion of HIP1 is sufficient to cause neurological disease. Mice with targeted mutation in the Hip1 gene (Hip1⁻(/)⁻) develop a neurological phenotype characterized by failure to thrive, tremor, and gait ataxia. Overall, our data characterize a neurodevelopmental and epilepsy syndrome that is likely caused by recurrent and nonrecurrent deletions, including HIP1. These data do not exclude the possibility that YWHAG loss of function is also sufficient to cause neurological phenotypes. Based on the current knowledge of Hip1 protein function and its proposed role in AMPA and NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptor trafficking, we believe that HIP1 haploinsufficiency in humans will be amenable to rational drug design for improved seizure control and cognitive and behavioral function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa B Ramocki
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Schwartz CM, Cheng A, Mughal MR, Mattson MP, Yao PJ. Clathrin assembly proteins AP180 and CALM in the embryonic rat brain. J Comp Neurol 2010; 518:3803-18. [PMID: 20653035 DOI: 10.1002/cne.22425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clathrin-coated vesicles are known to play diverse and pivotal roles in cells. The proper formation of clathrin-coated vesicles is dependent on, and highly regulated by, a large number of clathrin assembly proteins. These assembly proteins likely determine the functional specificity of clathrin-coated vesicles, and together they control a multitude of intracellular trafficking pathways, including those involved in embryonic development. In this study, we focus on two closely related clathrin assembly proteins, AP180 and CALM (clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protein), in the developing embryonic rat brain. We find that AP180 begins to be expressed at embryonic day 14 (E14), but only in postmitotic cells that have acquired a neuronal fate. CALM, on the other hand, is expressed as early as E12, by both neural stem cells and postmitotic neurons. In vitro loss-of-function studies using RNA interference (RNAi) indicate that AP180 and CALM are dispensable for some aspects of embryonic neurogenesis but are required for the growth of postmitotic neurons. These results identify the developmental stage of AP180 and CALM expression and suggest that each protein has distinct functions in neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Schwartz
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Milnerwood AJ, Raymond LA. Early synaptic pathophysiology in neurodegeneration: insights from Huntington's disease. Trends Neurosci 2010; 33:513-23. [PMID: 20850189 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of synaptic transmission and plasticity in mouse models of Huntington's disease (HD) demonstrate neuronal dysfunction long before the onset of classical disease indicators. Similarly, recent human studies reveal synaptic dysfunction decades before predicted clinical diagnosis in HD gene carriers. These studies guide premanifest tracking of disease and the development of treatment assessment tools. New discoveries of mechanisms underlying early neuronal dysfunction, including elevated pathogenic extrasynaptic NMDA receptor signaling, reduced synaptic connectivity and loss of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) support have led to pharmacological interventions that can reverse or delay phenotype onset and disease progression in HD mice. Further understanding the primary effects of gene mutations associated with late-onset neurodegeneration should translate to novel treatments for HD families and guide therapeutic strategies for other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austen J Milnerwood
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Dowie MJ, Scotter EL, Molinari E, Glass M. The therapeutic potential of G-protein coupled receptors in Huntington's disease. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 128:305-23. [PMID: 20708032 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease is a late-onset autosomal dominant inherited neurodegenerative disease characterised by increased symptom severity over time and ultimately premature death. An expanded CAG repeat sequence in the huntingtin gene leads to a polyglutamine expansion in the expressed protein, resulting in complex dysfunctions including cellular excitotoxicity and transcriptional dysregulation. Symptoms include cognitive deficits, psychiatric changes and a movement disorder often referred to as Huntington's chorea, which involves characteristic involuntary dance-like writhing movements. Neuropathologically Huntington's disease is characterised by neuronal dysfunction and death in the striatum and cortex with an overall decrease in cerebral volume (Ho et al., 2001). Neuronal dysfunction begins prior to symptom presentation, and cells of particular vulnerability include the striatal medium spiny neurons. Huntington's is a devastating disease for patients and their families and there is currently no cure, or even an effective therapy for disease symptoms. G-protein coupled receptors are the most abundant receptor type in the central nervous system and are linked to complex downstream pathways, manipulation of which may have therapeutic application in many neurological diseases. This review will highlight the potential of G-protein coupled receptor drug targets as emerging therapies for Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Dowie
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019 Auckland, New Zealand
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Weisenhaus M, Allen ML, Yang L, Lu Y, Nichols CB, Su T, Hell JW, McKnight GS. Mutations in AKAP5 disrupt dendritic signaling complexes and lead to electrophysiological and behavioral phenotypes in mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10325. [PMID: 20428246 PMCID: PMC2859064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AKAP5 (also referred to as AKAP150 in rodents and AKAP79 in humans) is a scaffolding protein that is highly expressed in neurons and targets a variety of signaling molecules to dendritic membranes. AKAP5 interacts with PKA holoenzymes containing RIIα or RIIβ as well as calcineurin (PP2B), PKC, calmodulin, adenylyl cyclase type V/VI, L-type calcium channels, and β-adrenergic receptors. AKAP5 has also been shown to interact with members of the MAGUK family of PSD-scaffolding proteins including PSD95 and SAP97 and target signaling molecules to receptors and ion channels in the postsynaptic density (PSD). We created two lines of AKAP5 mutant mice: a knockout of AKAP5 (KO) and a mutant that lacks the PKA binding domain of AKAP5 (D36). We find that PKA is delocalized in both the hippocampus and striatum of KO and D36 mice indicating that other neural AKAPs cannot compensate for the loss of PKA binding to AKAP5. In AKAP5 mutant mice, a significant fraction of PKA becomes localized to dendritic shafts and this correlates with increased binding to microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP2). Electrophysiological and behavioral analysis demonstrated more severe deficits in both synaptic plasticity and operant learning in the D36 mice compared with the complete KO animals. Our results indicate that the targeting of calcineurin or other binding partners of AKAP5 in the absence of the balancing kinase, PKA, leads to a disruption of synaptic plasticity and results in learning and memory defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weisenhaus
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Margaret L. Allen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Linghai Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - C. Blake Nichols
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas Su
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Johannes W. Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - G. Stanley McKnight
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
HD (Huntington's disease) is produced by the expression of mutant forms of the protein htt (huntingtin) containing a pathologically expanded poly-glutamine repeat. For unknown reasons, in HD patients and HD mouse models, neurons from the striatum and cerebral cortex degenerate and lead to motor dysfunction and dementia. Synaptic transmission in those neurons becomes progressively altered during the course of the disease. However, the relationship between synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration in HD is not yet clear. Are there early specific functional synaptic changes preceding symptoms and neurodegeneration? What is the role of those changes in neuronal damage? Recent experiments in a Drosophila model of HD have showed that abnormally increased neurotransmitter release might be a leading cause of neurodegeneration. In the present review, we summarize recently described synaptic alterations in HD animal models and discuss potential underlying molecular mechanisms.
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The Sla2p/HIP1/HIP1R family: similar structure, similar function in endocytosis? Biochem Soc Trans 2010; 38:187-91. [DOI: 10.1042/bst0380187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
HIP1 (huntingtin interacting protein 1) has two close relatives: HIP1R (HIP1-related) and yeast Sla2p. All three members of the family have a conserved domain structure, suggesting a common function. Over the past decade, a number of studies have characterized these proteins using a combination of biochemical, imaging, structural and genetic techniques. These studies provide valuable information on binding partners, structure and dynamics of HIP1/HIP1R/Sla2p. In general, all suggest a role in CME (clathrin-mediated endocytosis) for the three proteins, though some differences have emerged. In this mini-review we summarize the current views on the roles of these proteins, while emphasizing the unique attributes of each family member.
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Gottfried I, Ehrlich M, Ashery U. HIP1 exhibits an early recruitment and a late stage function in the maturation of coated pits. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:2897-911. [PMID: 19626275 PMCID: PMC11115706 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Huntingtin interacting protein 1 (HIP1) is an accessory protein of the clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) pathway, yet its precise role and the step at which it becomes involved are unclear. We employed live-cell imaging techniques to focus on the early steps of CME and characterize HIP1 dynamics. We show that HIP1 is highly colocalized with clathrin at the plasma membrane and shares similar dynamics with a subpopulation of clathrin assemblies. Employing transferrin receptor fused to pHluorin, we distinguished between open pits to which HIP1 localizes and newly internalized vesicles that are devoid of HIP1. Moreover, shRNA knockdown of clathrin compromised HIP1 membranal localization, unlike the reported behavior of Sla2p. HIP1 fragment, lacking its ANTH and Talin-like domains, inhibits internalization of transferrin, but retains colocalization with membranal clathrin assemblies. These data demonstrate HIP1's role in pits maturation and formation of the coated vesicle, and its strong dependence on clathrin for membranal localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Gottfried
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marcelo Ehrlich
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Ashery
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
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44
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Borgonovo J, Seltzer A, Sosa MA. Acute intrastriatal administration of quinolinic acid affects the expression of the coat protein AP-2 and its interaction with membranes. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009; 116:1201-8. [PMID: 19597933 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Clathrin-coated vesicle endocytosis is thought to be crucial for the maintenance of synaptic transmission and for the cell plasticity at the nervous system. In this study, we demonstrated that acute intrastriatal administration of quinolinic acid (QUIN), an agonist of the N-methyl-D: -aspartate receptor, induces a decrease of the coat protein AP-2 expression and affects their interaction with membranes. By western blot analysis we observed that at 24 h after QUIN intrastriatal injection, alpha1 subunit of AP-2 and alpha2, at lesser extent, were reduced in the striatal membranes. The decrease of both subunits expression was extended to 48 h after treatment, although the soluble proteins were mostly affected. Other areas of the brain were not affected by the treatment, except the cerebellum, where a significant increase of soluble AP-2 (both subunits) was observed at 48 h after injection. Another coat protein, as the phosphoprotein AP-180, was not affected by the injection of QUIN. We also confirmed that QUIN injection causes increasing loss of striatal neurons after the administration of the toxin. We concluded that QUIN may affect the endocytotic machinery of the striatum, by inducing changes in the AP-2 behaviour. Consequently, the internalization of NMDAR and/or AMPAR may be affected, by QUIN, contributing to the excitotoxic effect of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Borgonovo
- Laboratorio de Biología y Fisiología Celular Dr. Francisco Bertini, Instituto de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
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45
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Tamai K, Toyoshima M, Tanaka N, Yamamoto N, Owada Y, Kiyonari H, Murata K, Ueno Y, Ono M, Shimosegawa T, Yaegashi N, Watanabe M, Sugamura K. Loss of hrs in the central nervous system causes accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and neurodegeneration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 173:1806-17. [PMID: 19008375 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.080684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins form multimolecular complexes that control multivesicular body formation, endosomal sorting, and transport ubiquitinated membrane proteins (including cell-surface receptors) to the endosomes for degradation. There is accumulating evidence that endosomal dysfunction is linked to neural cell degeneration in vitro, but little is known about the relationship between neural disorders and ESCRT proteins in vivo. Here we specifically deleted the hrs gene, ESCRT-0, in the neurons of mice by crossing loxP-flanked hrs mice with transgenic mice expressing the synapsin-I Cre protein (SynI-cre). Histological analyses revealed that both apoptosis and a loss of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons occurred in the hrs(flox/flox);SynI-cre mice. Notably, the hrs(flox/flox);SynI-cre mice accumulated ubiquitinated proteins, such as glutamate receptors and an autophagy-regulating protein, p62. These molecules are particularly prominent in the hippocampal CA3 neurons and cerebral cortex with advancing age. Accordingly, we found that both locomotor activity and learning ability were severely reduced in the hrs(flox/flox);SynI-cre mice. These data suggest that Hrs plays an important role in neural cell survival in vivo and provide an animal model for neurodegenerative diseases that are known to be commonly affected by the generation of proteinaceous aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Tamai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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46
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Moores JN, Roy S, Nicholson DW, Staveley BE. Huntingtin interacting protein 1 can regulate neurogenesis in Drosophila. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 28:599-609. [PMID: 18702731 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is associated with a range of cellular consequences including selective neuronal death and decreased levels of neurogenesis. Ultimately, these altered processes are dependent upon proteins that interact with Huntingtin (Htt) such as the Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (Hip1) which has a reduced binding preference to expanded Htt. These effects are similar to those observed with modified Notch signal transduction. As Hip1 plays a key role in endocytosis and intracellular transport, and activation of the Notch signal requires both, we investigated putative links between Hip1 and Notch signaling in flies. We have identified two forms of Hip1 that may be produced through the use of alternative first exons: a version of Hip1 with a lipid-binding ANTH domain and Hip1DeltaANTH lacking this domain. The directed expression of Hip1 decreases, while expression of Hip1DeltaANTH increases, the density of sensory microchaetae on the dorsal notum, a classical model of neurogenesis. A reduction in microchaetae density associated with Notch(Microchaetae Deficient (MCD)) (N(MCD) ) alleles is sensitive to both Hip1 and Hip1DeltaANTH levels, as are the bristle phenotypes generated by misexpression of deltex, a key mediator of Notch signaling. Genetic studies further demonstrate that the observed effects of Hip1 and of Hip1DeltaANTH are sensitive to achaete gene dosage while insensitive to the levels of E(Spl), suggesting a non-canonical Notch neurogenic signal through a deltex-dependent pathway. The novel role we describe for Hip1 in Notch-mediated neurogenesis provides a functional link between Notch signaling and proteins related to HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin N Moores
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Labrador, Canada
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47
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Wilbur JD, Chen CY, Manalo V, Hwang PK, Fletterick RJ, Brodsky FM. Actin binding by Hip1 (huntingtin-interacting protein 1) and Hip1R (Hip1-related protein) is regulated by clathrin light chain. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:32870-9. [PMID: 18790740 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802863200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The huntingtin-interacting protein family members (Hip1 and Hip1R in mammals and Sla2p in yeast) link clathrin-mediated membrane traffic to actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Genetic data in yeast have implicated the light chain subunit of clathrin in regulating this link. To test this hypothesis, the biophysical properties of mammalian Hip1 and Hip1R and their interaction with clathrin light chain and actin were analyzed. The coiled-coil domains (clathrin light chain-binding) of Hip1 and Hip1R were found to be stable homodimers with no propensity to heterodimerize in vitro. Homodimers were also predominant in vivo, accounting for cellular segregation of Hip1 and Hip1R functions. Coiled-coil domains of Hip1 and Hip1R differed in their stability and flexibility, correlating with slightly different affinities for clathrin light chain and more markedly with effects of clathrin light chain binding on Hip protein-actin interactions. Clathrin light chain binding induced a compact conformation of both Hip1 and Hip1R and significantly reduced actin binding by their THATCH domains. Thus, clathrin is a negative regulator of Hip-actin interactions. These observations necessarily change models proposed for Hip protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Wilbur
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0552, USA
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48
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Bhattacharyya NP, Banerjee M, Majumder P. Huntington’s disease: roles of huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (HIP-1) and its molecular partner HIPPI in the regulation of apoptosis and transcription. FEBS J 2008; 275:4271-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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49
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Burman JL, Bourbonniere L, Philie J, Stroh T, Dejgaard SY, Presley JF, McPherson PS. Scyl1, mutated in a recessive form of spinocerebellar neurodegeneration, regulates COPI-mediated retrograde traffic. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:22774-86. [PMID: 18556652 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801869200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Scy1-like 1 (Scyl1), a member of the Scy1-like family of catalytically inactive protein kinases, was recently identified as the gene product altered in muscle-deficient mice, which suffer from motor neuron degeneration and cerebellar atrophy. To determine the function of Scyl1, we have now used a mass spectrometry-based screen to search for Scyl1-binding partners and identified components of coatomer I (COPI) coats. The interaction was confirmed in pull-down assays, and Scyl1 co-immunoprecipitates with betaCOP from brain lysates. Interestingly, and unique for a non-transmembrane domain protein, Scyl1 binds COPI coats using a C-terminal RKLD-COO(-) sequence, similar to the KKXX-COO(-) COPI-binding motif found in transmembrane endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins. Scyl1 co-localizes with betaCOP and is localized, in an Arf1-independent manner, to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment and the cis-Golgi, sites of COPI-mediated membrane budding. The localization and binding properties of Scyl1 strongly suggest a function in COPI transport, and inhibitory RNA-mediated knock down of the protein disrupts COPI-mediated retrograde traffic of the KDEL receptor to the ER without affecting anterograde traffic from the ER. Our data demonstrate a function for Scyl1 as an accessory factor in COPI trafficking and suggest for the first time that alterations in the COPI pathway result in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon L Burman
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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50
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Wirths O, Breyhan H, Schäfer S, Roth C, Bayer TA. Deficits in working memory and motor performance in the APP/PS1ki mouse model for Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2008; 29:891-901. [PMID: 17215062 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 11/23/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The APP/PS1ki mouse model for Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibits robust brain and spinal cord axonal degeneration and hippocampal CA1 neuron loss starting at 6 months of age. It expresses human mutant APP751 with the Swedish and London mutations together with two FAD-linked knocked-in mutations (PS1 M233T and PS1 L235P) in the murine PS1 gene. The present report covers a phenotypical analysis of this model using either behavioral tests for working memory and motor performance, as well as an analysis of weight development and body shape. At the age of 6 months, a dramatic, age-dependent change in all of these properties and characteristics was observed, accompanied by a significantly reduced ability to perform working memory and motor tasks. The APP/PS1ki mice were smaller and showed development of a thoracolumbar kyphosis, together with an incremental loss of body weight. While 2-month-old APP/PS1ki mice were inconspicuous in all of these tasks and properties, there is a massive age-related impairment in all tested behavioral paradigms. We have previously reported robust axonal degeneration in brain and spinal cord, as well as abundant hippocampal CA1 neuron loss starting at 6 months of age in the APP/PS1ki mouse model, which coincides with the onset of motor and memory deficits described in the present report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Wirths
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Goettingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany.
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