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Cheang I, Zhu X, Huang JY, Tse YK, Li HL, Ren QW, Wu MZ, Chan YH, Xu X, Tse HF, Gue Y, Lip GYH, Li X, Yiu KH. Prediabetes is associated with increased cardiac events in patients with cancer who are prescribed anthracyclines. Cancer 2024; 130:2795-2806. [PMID: 38662418 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediabetes, which is a precedent of overt diabetes, is a known risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Its impact on adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with cancer who are prescribed anthracycline-containing chemotherapy (ACT) is uncertain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of prediabetes with cardiovascular events in patients with cancer who are prescribed ACT. METHODS The authors identified patients with cancer who received ACT from 2000 to 2019 from Clinical Data Analysis Reporting System of Hong Kong. Patients were divided into diabetes, prediabetes, and normoglycemia groups based on their baseline glycemic profile. The Primary outcome, a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), was the composite event of hospitalization for heart failure and cardiovascular death. RESULTS Among 12,649 patients at baseline, 3997 had prediabetes, and 5622 had diabetes. Over median follow-up of 8.7 years, the incidence of MACE was 211 (7.0%) in the normoglycemia group, 358 (9.0%) in the prediabetes group, and 728 (12.9%) in the diabetes group. Compared with normoglycemia, prediabetes (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.43) and diabetes (adjusted HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.24-1.70) were associated with an increased risk of MACE. In the prediabetes group, 475 patients (18%) progressed to overt diabetes and exhibited a greater risk of MACE (adjusted HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.31-2.36) compared with patients who remained prediabetic. CONCLUSIONS In patients with cancer who received ACT, those who had prediabetes at baseline and those who progressed to diabetes at follow-up had an increased risk of MACE. The optimization of cardiovascular risk factor management, including prediabetes, should be considered in patients with cancer who are treated before and during ACT to reduce cardiovascular risk. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Patients with cancer who have preexisting diabetes have a higher risk of cardiovascular events, and prediabetes is often overlooked. In this study of 12,649 patients with cancer identified in the Clinical Data Analysis Reporting System of Hong Kong who were receiving treatment with anthracycline drugs, prediabetes was correlated with increased deaths from cardiovascular disease and/or hospitalizations for heart failure. Patients who progressed from prediabetes to diabetes within 2 years had an increased risk of combined hospitalization for heart failure and death from cardiovascular disease. These findings indicate the importance of paying greater attention to cardiovascular risk factors, including how prediabetes is managed, in patients who have cancer and are receiving chemotherapy with anthracyclines, emphasizing the need for surveillance, follow-up strategies, and consideration of prediabetes management in cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iokfai Cheang
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Yi Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Kei Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hang-Long Li
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing-Wen Ren
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mei-Zhen Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yap-Hang Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Gue
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Xinli Li
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai-Hang Yiu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Huang JY, Cai AP, Tsang CTW, Wu MZ, Gu WL, Guo R, Zhang JN, Zhu CY, Hung YM, Lip GYH, Yiu KH. The association of haemoglobin A1c variability with adverse outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation prescribed anticoagulants. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024:zwae249. [PMID: 39140113 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The association of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) variability with the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) prescribed anticoagulants remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association of HbA1c variability with the risk of ischaemic stroke (IS)/systemic embolism (SE) and all-cause mortality among patients with non-valvular AF prescribed anticoagulants. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients newly diagnosed with AF from 2013 to 2018 were included. Variability in HbA1c, indexed by the coefficient of variation (CV), was determined for those with at least three HbA1c measurements available from the time of study enrolment to the end of follow-up. To evaluate whether prevalent diabetes would modify the relationship between HbA1c variability and outcomes, participants were divided into diabetes and non-diabetes groups. The study included 8790 patients (mean age 72.7% and 48.5% female). Over a median follow-up of 5.5 years (interquartile range 5.2, 5.8), the incident rate was 3.74 per 100 person-years for IS/SE and 4.89 for all-cause mortality in the diabetes group. The corresponding incident rates in the non-diabetes group were 2.41 and 2.42 per 100 person-years. In the diabetes group, after adjusting for covariates including mean HbA1c, greater HbA1c variability was significantly associated with increased risk of IS/SE [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27-2.13) and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.05-1.47) compared with the lowest CV tertile. A similar pattern was evident in the non-diabetes group (IS/SE: HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.23-2.02; all-cause mortality: HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.10-1.64). CONCLUSION Greater HbA1c variability was independently associated with increased risk of IS/SE and all-cause mortality among patients with AF, regardless of diabetic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shen Zhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, 518000, China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Room 1929B/K1931, Block K, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - An-Ping Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Christopher Tze Wei Tsang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Room 1929B/K1931, Block K, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Mei-Zhen Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Room 1929B/K1931, Block K, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wen-Li Gu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Room 1929B/K1931, Block K, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ran Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Room 1929B/K1931, Block K, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jing-Nan Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Room 1929B/K1931, Block K, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ching-Yan Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Room 1929B/K1931, Block K, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yik-Ming Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Room 1929B/K1931, Block K, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Department of Cardiology,Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, L14 3PE, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Kai-Hang Yiu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shen Zhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, 518000, China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Room 1929B/K1931, Block K, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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Spannbauer A, Bergler-Klein J. Cardio-Oncology: A New Discipline in Medicine and Its Relevance to Hematology. Hamostaseologie 2024; 44:255-267. [PMID: 38723641 DOI: 10.1055/a-2284-5855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardio-oncology, a burgeoning subspecialty, addresses the complex interplay between cardiology and oncology, particularly in light of increased cardiovascular (CV) disease mortality in cancer patients. This review provides a comprehensive overview of cardio-oncology with a focus on the therapies used in hematological malignancies. We explore the bidirectional relationship between heart failure and cancer, emphasizing the need for collaborative care. The review discusses risk stratification, highlighting the importance of baseline CV risk assessment and personalized surveillance regimens. Primary and secondary prevention strategies, including pharmacological interventions, are outlined. The review also delves into the cardiotoxicity associated with hematological cancer therapies, focusing on anthracyclines, Bruton kinase inhibitors, BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, multiple myeloma treatments, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We then highlight the high risk of venous and arterial thromboembolisms in cancer patients and the challenges of anticoagulation management in cardio-oncology. Finally, the review touches on the importance of long-term follow-up and appropriate screening in cancer survivors at high risk of CV morbidity and mortality, based on their CV risk profile and the type and dose of cardiotoxic therapies they received such as anthracyclines or high radiation doses.
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Guo YT, Huang JB, Xue JC, Qin SJ, Cai D, Wu QZ, Chu C, Tang CL, Xie YQ, Lin LZ, Dong GH, Zeng XW. Intrauterine exposure to long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) were associated with reduced primary bile acids in three-year-old children: Findings from a prospective birth cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124583. [PMID: 39038776 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) play a crucial role in lipid metabolism of children. However, the association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure and BAs in children is scarce. To address this need, we selected 252 children from the Maoming Birth Cohort and measured 32 PFAS, encompassing short- and long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) in the cord blood. Additionally, we analyzed nine primary and eight secondary BAs in the serum of three-year-old children. Generalized linear models with FDR-adjusted and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to explore the associations of individual and mixture effects of PFAS and BAs. We found negative associations between cord blood long-chain PFCAs exposure and serum primary BAs in three-year-old children. For example, one ln-unit (ng/mL) increase of perfluoro-n-tridecanoic acid (PFTrDA), perfluoro-n-undecanoic acid (PFUnDA) and perfluoro-n-decanoic acid (PFDA) were associated with decreased taurochenodeoxycholic acid, with estimated percentage change of -24.28% [95% confidence interval (CI): -36.75%, -9.35%], -25.84% (95% CI: -39.67%, -8.83%), and -22.97% (95% CI: -34.45%, -9.47%) respectively. Notably, the observed associations were more pronounced in children with lower vegetable intake. Additionally, the BKMR model also demonstrated a monotonical decline in primary BAs as the PFAS mixture increased. We provided the first evidence of the association between intrauterine exposure to PFAS and its mixture with BAs in children. Further large-sample-size studies are needed to verify this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Guo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jin-Bo Huang
- Maoming Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Jing-Chuan Xue
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shuang-Jian Qin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dan Cai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Qi-Zhen Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chu Chu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Cui-Lan Tang
- Maoming Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Yan-Qi Xie
- Maoming Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Li-Zi Lin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Li Y, Liu X, Lv W, Wang X, Du Z, Liu X, Meng F, Jin S, Wen S, Bai R, Liu N, Tang R. Metformin use correlated with lower risk of cardiometabolic diseases and related mortality among US cancer survivors: evidence from a nationally representative cohort study. BMC Med 2024; 22:269. [PMID: 38926749 PMCID: PMC11210152 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03484-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the USA, the prolonged effective survival of cancer population has brought significant attention to the rising risk of cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality in this population. This heightened risk underscores the urgent need for research into effective pharmacological interventions for cancer survivors. Notably, metformin, a well-known metabolic regulator with pleiotropic effects, has shown protective effects against cardiometabolic disorders in diabetic individuals. Despite these promising indications, evidence supporting its efficacy in improving cardiometabolic outcomes in cancer survivors remains scarce. METHODS A prospective cohort was established using a nationally representative sample of cancer survivors enrolled in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), spanning 2003 to 2018. Outcomes were derived from patient interviews, physical examinations, and public-access linked mortality archives up to 2019. The Oxidative Balance Score was utilized to assess participants' levels of oxidative stress. To evaluate the correlations between metformin use and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases and related mortality, survival analysis of cardiometabolic mortality was performed by Cox proportional hazards model, and cross-sectional analysis of cardiometabolic diseases outcomes was performed using logistic regression models. Interaction analyses were conducted to explore the specific pharmacological mechanism of metformin. RESULTS Among 3995 cancer survivors (weighted population, 21,671,061, weighted mean [SE] age, 62.62 [0.33] years; 2119 [53.04%] females; 2727 [68.26%] Non-Hispanic White individuals), 448 reported metformin usage. During the follow-up period of up to 17 years (median, 6.42 years), there were 1233 recorded deaths, including 481 deaths from cardiometabolic causes. Multivariable models indicated that metformin use was associated with a lower risk of all-cause (hazard ratio [HR], 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47-0.81) and cardiometabolic (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.44-0.97) mortality compared with metformin nonusers. Metformin use was also correlated with a lower risk of total cardiovascular disease (odds ratio [OR], 0.41; 95% CI, 0.28-0.59), stroke (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.26-0.74), hypertension (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.14-0.52), and coronary heart disease (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21-0.78). The observed inverse associations were consistent across subgroup analyses in four specific cancer populations identified as cardiometabolic high-risk groups. Interaction analyses suggested that metformin use as compared to non-use may counter-balance oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort study involving a nationally representative population of US cancer survivors, metformin use was significantly correlated with a lower risk of cardiometabolic diseases, all-cause mortality, and cardiometabolic mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100012, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100012, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wenhe Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100012, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xuesi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100012, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhuohang Du
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100012, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xinmeng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100012, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fanchao Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100012, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Shuqi Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100012, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Songnan Wen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Rong Bai
- Banner University Medical Center Phoenix, College of Medicine University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 85123, USA.
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100012, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Ribo Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100012, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Zhang S, Xiao X, Yi Y, Wang X, Zhu L, Shen Y, Lin D, Wu C. Tumor initiation and early tumorigenesis: molecular mechanisms and interventional targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:149. [PMID: 38890350 PMCID: PMC11189549 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01848-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a multistep process, with oncogenic mutations in a normal cell conferring clonal advantage as the initial event. However, despite pervasive somatic mutations and clonal expansion in normal tissues, their transformation into cancer remains a rare event, indicating the presence of additional driver events for progression to an irreversible, highly heterogeneous, and invasive lesion. Recently, researchers are emphasizing the mechanisms of environmental tumor risk factors and epigenetic alterations that are profoundly influencing early clonal expansion and malignant evolution, independently of inducing mutations. Additionally, clonal evolution in tumorigenesis reflects a multifaceted interplay between cell-intrinsic identities and various cell-extrinsic factors that exert selective pressures to either restrain uncontrolled proliferation or allow specific clones to progress into tumors. However, the mechanisms by which driver events induce both intrinsic cellular competency and remodel environmental stress to facilitate malignant transformation are not fully understood. In this review, we summarize the genetic, epigenetic, and external driver events, and their effects on the co-evolution of the transformed cells and their ecosystem during tumor initiation and early malignant evolution. A deeper understanding of the earliest molecular events holds promise for translational applications, predicting individuals at high-risk of tumor and developing strategies to intercept malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaosen Zhang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Xiao
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yonglin Yi
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Lingxuan Zhu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yanrong Shen
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Changping Laboratory, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Changping Laboratory, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- CAMS Oxford Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100006, Beijing, China.
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Lin JR, Han DD, Wei W, Zeng Q, Rong ZX, Bai X, Zhang YP, Wang J, Cai XT, Rao XG, Ma SC, Dong ZY. Regular Use of Aspirin and Statins Reduces the Risk of Cancer in Individuals with Systemic Inflammatory Diseases. Cancer Res 2024; 84:1889-1897. [PMID: 38536116 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Aspirin has shown potential for cancer prevention, but a recent large randomized controlled trial found no evidence for a reduction in cancer risk. Given the anti-inflammatory effects of aspirin, systemic inflammatory diseases (SID), such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic diseases, could potentially modify the aspirin-cancer link. To investigate the impact of aspirin in people with SIDs, we conducted an observational study on a prospective cohort of 478,615 UK Biobank participants. Individuals with at least one of the 41 SIDs displayed a higher cancer risk than those without SIDs. Regular aspirin use showed protective effects exclusively in patients with SID, contrasting an elevated risk among their non-SID counterparts. Nonetheless, aspirin use demonstrated preventative potential only for 9 of 21 SID-associated cancer subtypes. Cholesterol emerged as another key mediator linking SIDs to cancer risk. Notably, regular statin use displayed protective properties in patients with SID but not in their non-SID counterparts. Concurrent use of aspirin and statins exhibited a stronger protective association in patients with SID, covering 14 common cancer subtypes. In summary, patients with SIDs may represent a population particularly responsive to regular aspirin and statin use. Promoting either combined or individual use of these medications within the context of SIDs could offer a promising chemoprevention strategy. SIGNIFICANCE Individuals with systemic inflammatory diseases derive chemoprotective benefits from aspirin and statins, providing a precision cancer prevention approach to address the personal and public challenges posed by cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Run Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duan-Duan Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, XiangYang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, XiangYang, China
| | - Qin Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Rong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Pei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Information Management and Big Data Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Guang Rao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Cong Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Information Management and Big Data Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Xu X, Ren QW, Chandramouli C, Ng MY, Tsang CTW, Tse YK, Li XL, Liu MY, Wu MZ, Huang JY, Cheang IF, Yang JF, Wang F, Lam CSP, Yiu KH. Glycated Hemoglobin Variability Is Associated With Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure Irrespective of Diabetic Status. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034109. [PMID: 38686852 PMCID: PMC11179906 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.034109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) variability on adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) is unclear. We aim to investigate the predictive value of HbA1c variability on the risks of all-cause death and HF rehospitalization in patients with HF irrespective of their diabetic status. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a previously validated territory-wide clinical data registry, HbA1c variability was assessed by average successive variability (ASV) or SD of all HbA1c measurements after HF diagnosis. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and its corresponding 95% CI. A total of 65 950 patients with HF were included in the study. Over a median follow-up of 6.7 (interquartile range, 4.0-10.6) years, 34 508 patients died and 52 446 required HF rehospitalization. Every unit increment of variability in HbA1c was significantly associated with higher HF rehospitalization (HR ASV, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.18-1.23]) and all-cause death (HR ASV, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.47-1.53]). Diabetes significantly modified the association between HbA1c variability and outcomes (Pinteraction<0.001). HbA1c variability in patients with HF without diabetes conferred a higher risk of rehospitalization (HR ASV, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.70-2.17] versus HR ASV, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.17-1.21]), and all-cause death (HR ASV, 3.90 [95% CI, 3.31-4.61] versus HR ASV, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.43-1.50] compared with patients with diabetes). CONCLUSIONS HbA1c variability is significantly associated with greater risk of rehospitalization and all-cause death in patients with HF, irrespective of their diabetic status. These observations were more pronounced in patients with HF without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong-Shen Zhen Hospital Shenzhen China
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Qing-Wen Ren
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong-Shen Zhen Hospital Shenzhen China
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Chanchal Chandramouli
- Department of Cardiology National Heart Center Singapore Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore
| | - Ming-Yen Ng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine Hong Kong China
- Department of Medical Imaging The University of Hong Kong-Shen Zhen Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Christopher Tze-Wei Tsang
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Yi-Kei Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Xin-Li Li
- Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Ming-Ya Liu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong-Shen Zhen Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Mei-Zhen Wu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong-Shen Zhen Hospital Shenzhen China
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Jia-Yi Huang
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong-Shen Zhen Hospital Shenzhen China
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Iok-Fai Cheang
- Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Jie-Fu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- Department of Cardiology National Heart Center Singapore Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore
- Baim Institute for Clinical Research Boston MA USA
| | - Kai-Hang Yiu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong-Shen Zhen Hospital Shenzhen China
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China
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9
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Jaiswal V, Ang SP, Deb N, Hanif M, Batra N, Kanagala SG, Vojjala N, Rajak K, Roy P, Sharath M, Waleed MS, Wajid Z, Mattumpuram J. Association between Statin Use and Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Meta-Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:580. [PMID: 38674227 PMCID: PMC11052115 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy-induced cardiac dysfunction (CIC) is a significant and concerning complication observed among cancer patients. Despite the demonstrated cardioprotective benefits of statins in various cardiovascular diseases, their effectiveness in mitigating CIC remains uncertain. Objective: This meta-analysis aims to comprehensively evaluate the potential cardioprotective role of statins in patients with CIC. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases to identify relevant articles published from inception until 10th May 2023. The outcomes were assessed using pooled odds ratio (OR) for categorical data and mean difference (MD) for continuous data, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results: This meta-analysis comprised nine studies involving a total of 5532 patients, with 1904 in the statin group and 3628 in the non-statin group. The pooled analysis of primary outcome shows that patients who did not receive statin suffer a greater decline in the LVEF after chemotherapy compared to those who receive statin (MD, 3.55 (95% CI: 1.04-6.05), p = 0.01). Likewise, we observed a significantly higher final mean LVEF among chemotherapy patients with statin compared to the non-statin group of patients (MD, 2.08 (95% CI: 0.86-3.30), p > 0.001). Additionally, there was a lower risk of incident heart failure in the statin group compared to the non-statin group of patients (OR, 0.41 (95% CI: 0.27-0.62), p < 0.001). Lastly, the change in the mean difference for LVEDV was not statistically significant between the statin and non-statin groups (MD, 1.55 (95% CI: -5.22-8.33), p = 0.65). Conclusion: Among patients of CIC, statin use has shown cardioprotective benefits by improving left ventricular function and reducing the risk of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Jaiswal
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL 33143, USA
| | - Song Peng Ang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers Health/Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ 08755, USA
| | - Novonil Deb
- North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Darjeeling 734012, West Bengal, India
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Nitya Batra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA
| | - Sai Gautham Kanagala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nikhil Vojjala
- Internal Medicine Department, Trinity Health Oakland/Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48341, USA
| | - Kripa Rajak
- Department of Internal Medicine, UPMC Harrisburgh, 111 S Front St., Harrisburg, PA 17101, USA
| | - Poulami Roy
- North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Darjeeling 734012, West Bengal, India
| | - Medha Sharath
- Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Kalasipalya, Bengaluru 560002, Karnataka, India
| | - Madeeha Subhan Waleed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lower Bucks Hospital, Bristo, 501 Bath Rd., Bristol, PA 19007, USA
| | - Zarghoona Wajid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jishanth Mattumpuram
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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10
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Ren QW, Katherine Teng TH, Tse YK, Wei Tsang CT, Yu SY, Wu MZ, Li XL, Hung D, Tse HF, Lam CS, Yiu KH. Statins and risks of dementia among patients with heart failure: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Hong Kong. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 44:101006. [PMID: 38298909 PMCID: PMC10827582 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Heart failure (HF) and dementia frequently co-exist with shared pathological mechanisms and risk factors. Our study aims to investigate the association between statin therapy and the risks of dementia and its subtypes among patients with HF. Methods The Hong Kong Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System database was interrogated to identify patients with incident HF diagnosis from 2004 to 2018, using ICD 9/ICD 10 codes. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance baseline covariates between statin users (N = 54,004) and non-users (N = 50,291). The primary outcomes were incident all-cause dementia, including subtypes of Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and unspecified dementia. Cox proportional-hazard model with competing risk regression was performed to estimate the sub-distribution hazards ratio (SHR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the risks of all-cause dementia and its subtypes that are associated with statin use. Findings Of all eligible patients with HF (N = 104,295), the mean age was 74.2 ± 13.6 years old and 52,511 (50.3%) were male. Over a median follow-up of 9.9 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 6.4-13.0), 10,031 (9.6%) patients were diagnosed with dementia, among which Alzheimer's disease (N = 2250), vascular dementia (N = 1831), and unspecified dementia (N = 5950) were quantified separately. After IPTW, statin use was associated with a 20% lower risk of incident dementia compared with non-use (multivariable-adjusted SHR 0.80, 95% CI 0.76-0.84). Stratified by subtypes of dementia, statin use was associated with a 28% lower risk of Alzheimer's disease (SHR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63-0.82), 18% lower risk of vascular dementia (SHR 0.82, 95% CI 0.70-0.95), and a 20% lower risk of unspecified dementia (SHR 0.80, 95% CI 0.75-0.85). Interpretation In patients with HF, statin use was associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause dementia and its subtypes, including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and unspecified dementia. Both randomized trials and experimental studies to validate the potential neuroprotective effect of statin are warranted. Funding No funding was provided for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-wen Ren
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tiew-Hwa Katherine Teng
- National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yi-Kei Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher Tze Wei Tsang
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Si-Yeung Yu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mei-Zhen Wu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-li Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Denise Hung
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carolyn S.P. Lam
- National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kai-Hang Yiu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Kumar V, Stewart JH. Obesity, bone marrow adiposity, and leukemia: Time to act. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13674. [PMID: 38092420 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has taken the face of a pandemic with less direct concern among the general population and scientific community. However, obesity is considered a low-grade systemic inflammation that impacts multiple organs. Chronic inflammation is also associated with different solid and blood cancers. In addition, emerging evidence demonstrates that individuals with obesity are at higher risk of developing blood cancers and have poorer clinical outcomes than individuals in a normal weight range. The bone marrow is critical for hematopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and myelopoiesis. Therefore, it is vital to understand the mechanisms by which obesity-associated changes in BM adiposity impact leukemia development. BM adipocytes are critical to maintain homeostasis via different means, including immune regulation. However, obesity increases BM adiposity and creates a pro-inflammatory environment to upregulate clonal hematopoiesis and a leukemia-supportive environment. Obesity further alters lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis via different mechanisms, which dysregulate myeloid and lymphoid immune cell functions mentioned in the text under different sequentially discussed sections. The altered immune cell function during obesity alters hematological malignancies and leukemia susceptibility. Therefore, obesity-induced altered BM adiposity, immune cell generation, and function impact an individual's predisposition and severity of leukemia, which should be considered a critical factor in leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John H Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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12
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Ju C, Lau WCY, Chambers P, Man KKC, Forster MD, Mackenzie IS, Manisty C, Wei L. Effect of statin treatment on the risk of cancer in patients with heart failure: A target trial emulation study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2024; 33:e5775. [PMID: 38450806 DOI: 10.1002/pds.5775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE A recent observational study suggested statins could reduce cancer diagnosis in patients with heart failure (HF). The findings need to be validated using robust epidemiological methods. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of statin treatment on the risk of cancer in patients with HF. METHODS We conducted two target trial emulations using primary care data from IQVIA Medical Research Database-UK (2000 to 2019) with a clone-censor-weight design. The first emulated trial addressed the treatment initiation effect: initiating within 1 year versus not initiating a statin after the HF diagnosis. The second emulated trial addressed the cumulative exposure effect: continuing a statin for ≤3 years, 3-6 years, and >6 years after initiation. The study outcomes were any incident cancer and site-specific cancer diagnoses. Weighted pooled logistic regression models were used to estimate 10-year risk ratios (RR). 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using non-parametric bootstrapping. RESULTS The first emulated trial showed that, compared to no statin, statins did not reduce the cancer risk in patients with HF (RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.94-1.15). The second emulated trial showed that, compared to treatment ≤3 years, statins with longer durations did not reduce the cancer risk (3-6 years: RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.70-1.33. >6 years: RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.79-1.26). No significant risk difference was observed on any site-specific cancer diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS The results from the target trial emulations suggest that statin treatment is not associated with cancer risk in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Ju
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wallis C Y Lau
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Medicines Optimisation Research and Education, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Pinkie Chambers
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Medicines Optimisation Research and Education, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Pharmacy Department, University College London Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Kenneth K C Man
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | | | - Isla S Mackenzie
- MEMO Research, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- Department of Cardiology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Li Wei
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Medicines Optimisation Research and Education, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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13
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Gao X, Zhang N, Lu L, Gao T, Chou OHI, Wong WT, Chang C, Wai AKC, Lip GYH, Zhang Q, Tse G, Liu T, Zhou J. New-onset syncope in diabetic patients treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: a Chinese population-based cohort study. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY 2024; 10:103-117. [PMID: 37962962 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Syncope is a symptom that poses an important diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, and generates significant cost for the healthcare system. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated beneficial cardiovascular effects, but their possible effects on incident syncope have not been fully investigated. This study compared the effects of SGLT2i and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) on new-onset syncope. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a retrospective, territory-wide cohort study enrolling type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients treated with SGLT2i or DPP4i between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2020, in Hong Kong, China. The outcomes were hospitalization of new-onset syncope, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. Multivariable Cox regression and different approaches using the propensity score were applied to evaluate the association between SGLT2i and DPP4i with incident syncope and mortality. After matching, a total of 37 502 patients with T2DM were included (18 751 SGLT2i users vs. 18 751 DPP4i users). During a median follow-up of 5.56 years, 907 patients were hospitalized for new-onset syncope (2.41%), and 2346 patients died from any cause (6.26%), among which 471 deaths (1.26%) were associated with cardiovascular causes. Compared with DPP4i users, SGLT2i therapy was associated with a 51% lower risk of new-onset syncope [HR 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41-0.57; P < 0.001], 65% lower risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.35; 95% CI 0.26-0.46; P < 0.001), and a 70% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.30; 95% CI 0.26-0.34; P < 0.001) in the fully adjusted model. Similar associations with syncope were observed for dapagliflozin (HR 0.70; 95% CI 0.58-0.85; P < 0.001), canagliflozin (HR 0.48; 95% CI 0.36-0.63; P < 0.001), and ertugliflozin (HR 0.45; 95% CI 0.30-0.68; P < 0.001), but were attenuated for empagliflozin (HR 0.79; 95% CI 0.59-1.05; P = 0.100) after adjusting for potential confounders. The subgroup analyses suggested that, compared with DPP4i, SGLT2i was associated with a significantly decreased risk of incident syncope among T2DM patients, regardless of gender, age, glucose control status, Charlson comorbidity index, and the association remained constant amongst those with common cardiovascular drugs and most antidiabetic drugs at baseline. CONCLUSION Compared with DPP4i, SGLT2i was associated with a significantly lower risk of new-onset syncope in patients with T2DM, regardless of gender, age, degree of glycaemic control, and comorbidity burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Lei Lu
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tianyu Gao
- School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Oscar Hou In Chou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Diabetes Research Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, PowerHealth Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carlin Chang
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Abraham Ka Chung Wai
- Emergency Medicine Unit, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Qingpeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, and the Musketeers Foundation Institute of Data Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Jiandong Zhou
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Health Science, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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14
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Kim K, Jeong S, Choi S, Chang J, Choi D, Lee G, Kim SR, Park SM. Cardiovascular Benefit of Statin Use Against Air Pollutant Exposure in Older Adults. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024:zwae061. [PMID: 38365315 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Little is known about the cardiovascular benefit of statin use against ambient air pollution among older adults who are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) potentially owing to age-related declines in cardiovascular functions along with other risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS This retrospective, population-based cohort study consisted of adults aged 60 years and older free of CVD at baseline identified from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database linked to the National Ambient Air Monitoring Information System (NAMIS) for average daily exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 in 2015 in the major metropolitan areas in the Republic of Korea. Follow-up period began on January 1, 2016 and lasted until December 31, 2021. Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate association of cardiovascular benefit with statin use against different levels of air pollutant exposure. Of 1,229,444 participants aged 60 years and older (mean age, 67.4; 37.7% male), 377,076 (30.7%) were identified as statin-users. During 11,963,322 person-years (PY) of follow-up, a total of 86,018 incident stroke events occurred (719.0 events per 100,000 PYs). Compared to statin non-user exposed to high level of PM10 (>50 µg/m3) and PM2.5 (>25 µg/m3), statin users had 20% (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.75 to 0.85) and 17% (adjusted HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.86) lower adjusted risk of incident stroke for PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. Similar risk reduction for incident CVD was also found among statin-users exposed to low or moderate level of PM10 (≤50 µg/m3) and PM2.5 (≤25 µg/m3) exposure. CONCLUSION Among adults aged 60 years and older with high and low or moderate levels of exposure to PM10 and PM2.5, statin use was associated with a significantly lower risk of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuwoong Kim
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seogsong Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulggie Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Daein Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Gyeongsil Lee
- KS Health Link Institute and Life Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Rae Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- XAIMED Co. Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea 9Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Yang M, Li T, Guo S, Song K, Gong C, Huang N, Pang D, Xiao H. CVD phenotyping in oncologic disorders: cardio-miRNAs as a potential target to improve individual outcomes in revers cardio-oncology. J Transl Med 2024; 22:50. [PMID: 38216965 PMCID: PMC10787510 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increase of aging population and prevalence of obesity, the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer has also presented an increasing tendency. These two different diseases, which share some common risk factors. Relevant studies in the field of reversing Cardio-Oncology have shown that the phenotype of CVD has a significant adverse effect on tumor prognosis, which is mainly manifested by a positive correlation between CVD and malignant progression of concomitant tumors. This distal crosstalk and the link between different diseases makes us aware of the importance of diagnosis, prediction, management and personalized treatment of systemic diseases. The circulatory system bridges the interaction between CVD and cancer, which suggests that we need to fully consider the systemic and holistic characteristics of these two diseases in the process of clinical treatment. The circulating exosome-miRNAs has been intrinsically associated with CVD -related regulation, which has become one of the focuses on clinical and basic research (as biomarker). The changes in the expression profiles of cardiovascular disease-associated miRNAs (Cardio-miRNAs) may adversely affect concomitant tumors. In this article, we sorted and screened CVD and tumor-related miRNA data based on literature, then summarized their commonalities and characteristics (several important pathways), and further discussed the conclusions of Cardio-Oncology related experimental studies. We take a holistic approach to considering CVD as a risk factor for tumor malignancy, which provides an in-depth analysis of the various regulatory mechanisms or pathways involved in the dual attribute miRNAs (Cardio-/Onco-miRNAs). These mechanisms will be key to revealing the systemic effects of CVD on tumors and highlight the holistic nature of different diseases. Therefore, the Cardio-miRNAs should be given great attention from researchers in the field of CVD and tumors, which might become new targets for tumor treatment. Meanwhile, based on the principles of precision medicine (such as the predictive preventive personalized medicine, 3PM) and reverse Cardio-oncology to better improve individual outcomes, we should consider developing personalized medicine and systemic therapy for cancer from the perspective of protecting cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- The Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiepeng Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujin Guo
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kangping Song
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuhui Gong
- The Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Huang
- The Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dejiang Pang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hengyi Xiao
- The Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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16
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Huang J, Chan Y, Tse Y, Yu S, Li H, Chen C, Zhao C, Liu M, Wu M, Ren Q, Leung K, Hung D, Li X, Tse H, Lip GYH, Yiu K. Statin Therapy Is Associated With a Lower Risk of Heart Failure in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Population-Based Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e032378. [PMID: 38014688 PMCID: PMC10727318 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether statin use can reduce the risk of heart failure (HF) remains controversial. The present study evaluates the association between statin use and HF in patients with atrial fibrillation. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation from 2010 to 2018 were included. An inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to balance baseline covariates between statin users (n=23 239) and statin nonusers (n=29 251). The primary outcome was incident HF. Cox proportional hazard models with competing risk regression were used to evaluate the risk of HF between statin users and nonusers. The median age of the cohort was 74.7 years, and 47.3% were women. Over a median follow-up of 5.1 years, incident HF occurred in 3673 (15.8%) statin users and 5595 (19.1%) statin nonusers. Statin use was associated with a 19% lower risk of HF (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.78-0.85]). Restricted to the statin users, duration of statin use was measured during follow-up; compared with short-term use (3 months to <2 years), there was a stepwise reduction in the risk of incident HF among those with 2 to <4 years of statin use (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.84-0.88]), 4 to <6 years of statin use (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.72-0.76]), and ≥6 years of statin use (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.69-0.74]). Subgroup analysis showed consistent reductions in the risk of HF with statin use. CONCLUSIONS Statin use was associated with a decreased risk of incident HF in a duration-dependent manner among patients with atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Yi Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen HospitalHong KongChina
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina
| | - Yap‐Hang Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina
| | - Yi‐Kei Tse
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina
| | - Si‐Yeung Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina
| | - Hang‐Long Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina
| | - Cong Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen HospitalHong KongChina
| | - Chun‐Ting Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen HospitalHong KongChina
| | - Ming‐Ya Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen HospitalHong KongChina
| | - Mei‐Zhen Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen HospitalHong KongChina
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina
| | - Qing‐Wen Ren
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen HospitalHong KongChina
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina
| | - Ka‐Lam Leung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina
| | - Denise Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina
| | - Xin‐Li Li
- Department of CardiologyJiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Hung‐Fat Tse
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina
| | - Gregory Y. H. Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest HospitalLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
- Department of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
| | - Kai‐Hang Yiu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen HospitalHong KongChina
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina
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17
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Liu C, Chen H, Hu B, Shi J, Chen Y, Huang K. New insights into the therapeutic potentials of statins in cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1188926. [PMID: 37484027 PMCID: PMC10359995 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1188926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread clinical use of statins has contributed to significant reductions of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Increasing preclinical and epidemiological evidences have revealed that dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for carcinogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and that statins as powerful inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase can exert prevention and intervention effects on cancers, and promote sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs. The anti-cancer mechanisms of statins include not only inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis, but also their pleiotropic effects in modulating angiogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, tumor metastasis, and tumor microenvironment. Moreover, recent clinical studies have provided growing insights into the therapeutic potentials of statins and the feasibility of combining statins with other anti-cancer agents. Here, we provide an updated review on the application potential of statins in cancer prevention and treatment and summarize the underneath mechanisms, with focuses on data from clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Liu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bicheng Hu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajian Shi
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Tongji-RongCheng Biomedical Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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18
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Crea F. Targeting hypercholesterolaemia: challenges and opportunities. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:2263-2266. [PMID: 37392136 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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19
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Weng N, Zhang Z, Tan Y, Zhang X, Wei X, Zhu Q. Repurposing antifungal drugs for cancer therapy. J Adv Res 2023; 48:259-273. [PMID: 36067975 PMCID: PMC10248799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repurposing antifungal drugs in cancer therapy has attracted unprecedented attention in both preclinical and clinical research due to specific advantages, such as safety, high-cost effectiveness and time savings compared with cancer drug discovery. The surprising and encouraging efficacy of antifungal drugs in cancer therapy, mechanistically, is attributed to the overlapping targets or molecular pathways between fungal and cancer pathogenesis. Advancements in omics, informatics and analytical technology have led to the discovery of increasing "off-site" targets from antifungal drugs involved in cancerogenesis, such as smoothened (D477G) inhibition from itraconazole in basal cell carcinoma. AIM OF REVIEW This review illustrates several antifungal drugs repurposed for cancer therapy and reveals the underlying mechanism based on their original target and "off-site" target. Furthermore, the challenges and perspectives for the future development and clinical applications of antifungal drugs for cancer therapy are also discussed, providing a refresh understanding of drug repurposing. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review may provide a basic understanding of repurposed antifungal drugs for clinical cancer management, thereby helping antifungal drugs broaden new indications and promote clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningna Weng
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian 350011, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunhan Tan
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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20
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Lu MC, Chen CC, Lu MY, Lin KJ, Chiu CC, Yang TY, Fang YA, Jian W, Chen MY, Hsu MH, Lai YH, Yang TL, Hao WR, Liu JC. The Association between Statins and Liver Cancer Risk in Patients with Heart Failure: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112959. [PMID: 37296921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) and cancer have similar risk factors. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, also known as statins, are chemoprotective agents against carcinogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the chemoprotective effects of statins against liver cancer in patients with HF. This cohort study enrolled patients with HF aged ≥20 years between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2012 from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Each patient was followed to assess liver cancer risk. A total of 25,853 patients with HF were followed for a 12-year period; 7364 patients used statins and 18,489 did not. The liver cancer risk decreased in statin users versus non-users (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.20-0.33) in the entire cohort in the multivariate regression analysis. In addition, both lipophilic and hydrophilic statins reduced the liver cancer risk in patients with HF (aHR 0.34, 95% CI: 0.26-0.44 and aHR 0.42, 95% CI: 0.28-0.54, respectively). In the sensitivity analysis, statin users in all dose-stratified subgroups had a reduced liver cancer risk regardless of age, sex, comorbidity, or other concomitant drug use. In conclusion, statins may decrease liver cancer risk in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chuan Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chao Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ying Lu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung 95054, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Jie Lin
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chih Chiu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yeh Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ann Fang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - William Jian
- Department of Emergency, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ming-Yao Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Yang
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Rui Hao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Chi Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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21
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Han JX, Tao ZH, Wang JL, Zhang L, Yu CY, Kang ZR, Xie Y, Li J, Lu S, Cui Y, Xu J, Zhao E, Wang M, Chen J, Wang Z, Liu Q, Chen HM, Su W, Zou TH, Zhou CB, Hong J, Chen H, Xiong H, Chen YX, Fang JY. Microbiota-derived tryptophan catabolites mediate the chemopreventive effects of statins on colorectal cancer. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:919-933. [PMID: 37069401 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have indicated an association between statin use and reduced incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC), and work in preclinical models has demonstrated a potential chemopreventive effect. Statins are also associated with reduced dysbiosis in the gut microbiome, yet the role of the gut microbiome in the protective effect of statins in CRC is unclear. Here we validated the chemopreventive role of statins by retrospectively analysing a cohort of patients who underwent colonoscopies. This was confirmed in preclinical models and patient cohorts, and we found that reduced tumour burden was partly due to statin modulation of the gut microbiota. Specifically, the gut commensal Lactobacillus reuteri was increased as a result of increased microbial tryptophan availability in the gut after atorvastatin treatment. Our in vivo studies further revealed that L. reuteri administration suppressed colorectal tumorigenesis via the tryptophan catabolite, indole-3-lactic acid (ILA). ILA exerted anti-tumorigenic effects by downregulating the IL-17 signalling pathway. This microbial metabolite inhibited T helper 17 cell differentiation by targeting the nuclear receptor, RAR-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt). Together, our study provides insights into an anti-cancer mechanism driven by statin use and suggests that interventions with L. reuteri or ILA could complement chemoprevention strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xuan Han
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Hang Tao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Lin Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Yang Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Ran Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanhong Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialu Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyuan Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Cui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Enhao Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxian Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Min Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Su
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Hui Zou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Bei Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying-Xuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Wu MZ, Teng THK, Tay WT, Ren QW, Tromp J, Ouwerkerk W, Chandramouli C, Huang JY, Chan YH, Teramoto K, Yu SY, Lawson C, Li HL, Tse YK, Li XL, Hung D, Tse HF, Lam CSP, Yiu KH. Chronic kidney disease begets heart failure and vice versa: temporal associations between heart failure events in relation to incident chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:707-715. [PMID: 36346045 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the interplay of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or heart failure (HF) and their associations with prognosis in a large, population-based cohort with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS Patients aged ≥18 years with new-onset T2DM, without renal disease or HF at baseline, were identified from the territory-wide Clinical Data Analysis Reporting System between 2000 and 2015. Patients were followed up until December 31, 2020 for incident CKD and/or HF and all-cause mortality. RESULTS Among 102 488 patients (median age 66 years, 45.7% women, median follow-up 7.5 years), new-onset CKD occurred in 14 798 patients (14.4%), in whom 21.7% had HF. In contrast, among 9258 patients (9.0%) with new-onset HF, 34.6% had CKD. The median time from baseline to incident CKD or HF (4.4 vs. 4.1 years) did not differ. However, the median (interquartile range) time until incident HF after CKD diagnosis was 1.7 (0.5-3.6) years and was 1.2 (0.2-3.4) years for incident CKD after HF diagnosis (P < 0.001). The crude incidence of CKD was higher than that of HF: 17.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.3-17.9) vs. 10.6 (95% CI 10.4-10.9)/1000 person-years, respectively, but incident HF was associated with a higher adjusted-mortality than incident CKD. The presence of either condition (vs. CKD/HF-free status) was associated with a three-fold hazard of death, whereas concomitant HF and CKD conferred a six to seven-fold adjusted hazard of mortality. CONCLUSION Cardiorenal complications are common and are associated with high mortality risk among patients with new-onset T2DM. Close surveillance of these dual complications is crucial to reduce the burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Zhen Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tiew-Hwa Katherine Teng
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Wan-Ting Tay
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing-Wen Ren
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jasper Tromp
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wouter Ouwerkerk
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Dermatology, University of Amsterdam Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chanchal Chandramouli
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia-Yi Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yap-Hang Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kanako Teramoto
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Si-Yeung Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Claire Lawson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Leicester, UK
| | - Hang-Long Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Kei Tse
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Denise Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kai-Hang Yiu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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23
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Ren QW, Katherine Teng TH, Tse YK, Tay WT, Li HL, Tromp J, Yu SY, Hung D, Wu MZ, Chen C, Yuk Yuen JK, Huang JY, Ouwerkerk W, Li XL, Teramoto K, Chandramouli C, Tse HF, Lam CSP, Yiu KH. Incidence, Clinical Correlates, and Prognostic Impact of Dementia in Heart Failure: A Population-Based Cohort Study. JACC. ASIA 2023; 3:108-119. [PMID: 36873768 PMCID: PMC9982209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacasi.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Heart failure (HF) may increase the risk of dementia via shared risk factors. Objectives The authors investigated the incidence, types, clinical correlates, and prognostic impact of dementia in a population-based cohort of patients with index HF. Methods The previously territory-wide database was interrogated to identify eligible patients with HF (N = 202,121) from 1995 to 2018. Clinical correlates of incident dementia and their associations with all-cause mortality were assessed using multivariable Cox/competing risk regression models where appropriate. Results Among a total cohort aged ≥18 years with HF (mean age 75.3 ± 13.0 years, 51.3% women, median follow-up 4.1 [IQR: 1.2-10.2] years), new-onset dementia occurred in 22,145 (11.0%), with age-standardized incidence rate of 1,297 (95% CI: 1,276-1,318) per 10,000 in women and 744 (723-765) per 10,000 in men. Types of dementia were Alzheimer's disease (26.8%), vascular dementia (18.1%), and unspecified dementia (55.1%). Independent predictors of dementia included: older age (≥75 years, subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR]: 2.22), female sex (SHR: 1.31), Parkinson's disease (SHR: 1.28), peripheral vascular disease (SHR: 1.46), stroke (SHR: 1.24), anemia (SHR: 1.11), and hypertension (SHR: 1.21). The population attributable risk was highest for age ≥75 years (17.4%) and female sex (10.2%). New-onset dementia was independently associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted SHR: 4.51; P < 0.001). Conclusions New-onset dementia affected more than 1 in 10 patients with index HF over the follow-up, and portended a worse prognosis in these patients. Older women were at highest risk and should be targeted for screening and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wen Ren
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China.,Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tiew-Hwa Katherine Teng
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Yi-Kei Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Hang-Long Li
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jasper Tromp
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Si-Yeung Yu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Denise Hung
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mei-Zhen Wu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China.,Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jia-Yi Huang
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China.,Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wouter Ouwerkerk
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Dermatology, University of Amsterdam Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xin-Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China.,Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kai-Hang Yiu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China.,Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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24
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Huang JY, Tse YK, Li HL, Chen C, Zhao CT, Liu MY, Wu MZ, Ren QW, Yu SY, Hung D, Li XL, Tse HF, Lip GYH, Yiu KH. Prediabetes Is Associated With Increased Risk of Heart Failure Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:190-196. [PMID: 36251385 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between prediabetes and heart failure (HF) and the association of HF with changes in glycemic status. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF) between 2015 and 2018 were divided into three groups (normoglycemia, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes) according to their baseline glycemic status. The primary outcome was incident HF. The Fine and Gray competing risks model was applied, with death defined as the competing event. RESULTS Among 17,943 patients with AF (mean age 75.5 years, 47% female), 3,711 (20.7%) had prediabetes, and 10,127 (56.4%) had diabetes at baseline. Over a median follow-up of 4.7 years, HF developed in 518 (14%) patients with normoglycemia, 646 (15.7%) with prediabetes, and 1,795 (17.7%) with diabetes. Prediabetes was associated with an increased risk of HF compared with normoglycemia (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 1.12, 95% CI 1.03-1.22). In patients with prediabetes at baseline, 403 (11.1%) progressed to diabetes, and 311 (8.6%) reversed to normoglycemia at 2 years. Compared with remaining prediabetic, progression to diabetes was associated with an increased risk of HF (SHR 1.50, 95% CI 1.13-1.97), whereas reversion to normoglycemia was associated with a decreased risk (SHR 0.61, 95% CI 0.42-0.94). CONCLUSIONS Prediabetes was associated with an increased risk of HF in patients with AF. Compared with patients who remained prediabetic, those who progressed to diabetes at 2 years experienced an increased risk of HF, whereas those who reversed to normoglycemia incurred a lower risk of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Kei Tse
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hang-Long Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Ting Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Ya Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mei-Zhen Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing-Wen Ren
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Si-Yeung Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Denise Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, John Moores University, and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, U.K
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kai-Hang Yiu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Lyon AR, López-Fernández T, Couch LS, Asteggiano R, Aznar MC, Bergler-Klein J, Boriani G, Cardinale D, Cordoba R, Cosyns B, Cutter DJ, de Azambuja E, de Boer RA, Dent SF, Farmakis D, Gevaert SA, Gorog DA, Herrmann J, Lenihan D, Moslehi J, Moura B, Salinger SS, Stephens R, Suter TM, Szmit S, Tamargo J, Thavendiranathan P, Tocchetti CG, van der Meer P, van der Pal HJH. 2022 ESC Guidelines on cardio-oncology developed in collaboration with the European Hematology Association (EHA), the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ESTRO) and the International Cardio-Oncology Society (IC-OS). Eur Heart J 2022; 43:4229-4361. [PMID: 36017568 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 797] [Impact Index Per Article: 398.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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26
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Laskovs M, Partridge L, Slack C. Molecular inhibition of RAS signalling to target ageing and age-related health. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:276620. [PMID: 36111627 PMCID: PMC9510030 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAS/MAPK pathway is a highly conserved signalling pathway with a well-established role in cancer. Mutations that hyperactivate this pathway are associated with unregulated cell proliferation. Evidence from a range of model organisms also links RAS/MAPK signalling to ageing. Genetic approaches that reduce RAS/MAPK signalling activity extend lifespan and also improve healthspan, delaying the onset and/or progression of age-related functional decline. Given its role in cancer, therapeutic interventions that target and inhibit this pathway's key components are under intense investigation. The consequent availability of small molecule inhibitors raises the possibility of repurposing these compounds to ameliorate the deleterious effects of ageing. Here, we review evidence that RAS/MAPK signalling inhibitors already in clinical use, such as trametinib, acarbose, statins, metformin and dihydromyricetin, lead to lifespan extension and to improved healthspan in a range of model systems. These findings suggest that the repurposing of small molecule inhibitors of RAS/MAPK signalling might offer opportunities to improve health during ageing, and to delay or prevent the development of age-related disease. However, challenges to this approach, including poor tolerance to treatment in older adults or development of drug resistance, first need to be resolved before successful clinical implementation. Summary: This Review critically discusses the links between RAS signalling and ageing, and how RAS inhibitors could extend lifespan and enhance healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihails Laskovs
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University 1 , Birmingham B4 7ET , UK
| | - Linda Partridge
- Institute of Healthy Ageing 2 , Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment , , Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT , UK
- University College London 2 , Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment , , Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT , UK
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing 3 , Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne , Germany
| | - Cathy Slack
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University 1 , Birmingham B4 7ET , UK
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27
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Crea F. Screening, diagnosis, and treatment of familial hypercholesterolaemia: a call to action. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:3185-3188. [PMID: 36068020 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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28
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Lyon AR, López-Fernández T, Couch LS, Asteggiano R, Aznar MC, Bergler-Klein J, Boriani G, Cardinale D, Cordoba R, Cosyns B, Cutter DJ, de Azambuja E, de Boer RA, Dent SF, Farmakis D, Gevaert SA, Gorog DA, Herrmann J, Lenihan D, Moslehi J, Moura B, Salinger SS, Stephens R, Suter TM, Szmit S, Tamargo J, Thavendiranathan P, Tocchetti CG, van der Meer P, van der Pal HJH. 2022 ESC Guidelines on cardio-oncology developed in collaboration with the European Hematology Association (EHA), the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ESTRO) and the International Cardio-Oncology Society (IC-OS). Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 23:e333-e465. [PMID: 36017575 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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29
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Mutant p53, the Mevalonate Pathway and the Tumor Microenvironment Regulate Tumor Response to Statin Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143500. [PMID: 35884561 PMCID: PMC9323637 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells have the ability to co-opt multiple metabolic pathways, enhance glucose uptake and utilize aerobic glycolysis to promote tumorigenesis, which are characteristics constituting an emerging hallmark of cancer. Mutated tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes are frequently responsible for enhanced metabolic pathway signaling. The link between mutant p53 and the mevalonate (MVA) pathway has been implicated in the advancement of various malignancies, with tumor cells relying heavily on increased MVA signaling to fuel their rapid growth, metastatic spread and development of therapy resistance. Statin drugs inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the pathway’s rate-limiting enzyme, and as such, have long been studied as a potential anti-cancer therapy. However, whether statins provide additional anti-cancer properties is worthy of debate. Here, we examine retrospective, prospective and pre-clinical studies involving the use of statins in various cancer types, as well as potential issues with statins’ lack of efficacy observed in clinical trials and future considerations for upcoming clinical trials.
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30
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Gu J, Zhu N, Li HF, Zhang CJ, Gong YZ, Liao DF, Qin L. Ezetimibe and Cancer: Is There a Connection? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:831657. [PMID: 35924044 PMCID: PMC9340271 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.831657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The high level of serum cholesterol caused by the excessive absorption of cholesterol can lead to hypercholesteremia, thus promoting the occurrence and development of cancer. Ezetimibe is a drug that reduces cholesterol absorption and has been widely used for the treatment of patients with high circulating cholesterol levels for many years. Mechanistically, ezetimibe works by binding to NPC1L1, which is a key mediator of cholesterol absorption. Accumulating data from preclinical models have shown that ezetimibe alone could inhibit the development and progression of cancer through a variety of mechanisms, including anti-angiogenesis, stem cell suppression, anti-inflammation, immune enhancement and anti-proliferation. In the past decade, there has been heated discussion on whether ezetimibe combined with statins will increase the risk of cancer. At present, more and more evidence shows that ezetimibe does not increase the risk of cancers, which supports the role of ezetimibe in anti-cancer. In this review, we discussed the latest progress in the anti-cancer properties of ezetimibe and elucidated its underlying molecular mechanisms. Finally, we highlighted the potential of ezetimibe as a therapeutic agent in future cancer treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and its Application, HunanUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Neng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Fang Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and its Application, HunanUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chan-Juan Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and its Application, HunanUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Gong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and its Application, HunanUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and its Application, HunanUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Li Qin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and its Application, HunanUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Institutional Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Li Qin,
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31
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Wu MZ, Chandramouli C, Wong PF, Chan YH, Li HL, Yu SY, Tse YK, Ren QW, Yu SY, Tse HF, Lam CSP, Yiu KH. Risk of sepsis and pneumonia in patients initiated on SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2022; 48:101367. [PMID: 35753654 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2022.101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM The organ protective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may be beneficial against infectious complications. This real-world study aims to compare the risk of pneumonia and sepsis between SGLT2 inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Using a territory-wide clinical registry in Hong Kong (Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System [CDARS]), we included patients initiated on SGLT2 inhibitors or DPP-4 inhibitors between January 01, 2015 and December 31, 2019 through 1:2 propensity score matching. The primary outcomes were incident events of pneumonia, sepsis and the related mortality. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to compare the risk of incident pneumonia and sepsis for SGLT2 inhibitors versus DPP-4 inhibitors. RESULTS After propensity score matching, 10,706 new users of SGLT2 inhibitors and 18,281 new users of DPP-4 inhibitors were included. The mean age of all eligible subjects were 60 years (SD 11.07) and 61.1% were male. There were 309 pneumonia events [incidence rate per 1000 person-years (IR) = 11.38] among SGLT2 inhibitors users and 961 events (IR = 20.45) among DPP-4 inhibitors users, with lower risk of pneumonia among SGLT2 inhibitors users (adjusted HR 0.63 [95%CI 0.55-0.72], p<0.001). Similarly, SGLT2 inhibitors users had lower incidence of sepsis [164 (IR=6.00) vs. 610 (IR=12.88) events] as well as associated risk of incident sepsis (HR 0.52 [95% CI 0.44-0.62], p<0.001), compared to DPP-4 inhibitors users. Outcome analyses showed that SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with lower risk of pneumonia-related death (HR 0.41 [95%CI 0.29-0.58], p<0.001), sepsis-related death (HR 0.39 [95%CI 0.18-0.84], p<0.05), and infection-related death (HR 0.43 [95%CI 0.32-0.57], p<0.001), compared to DPP-4 inhibitors users. Results were consistent when stratified by age, sex, pre-existing cardiovascular disease, and type of SGLT2 inhibitors. CONCLUSION We provide real-world evidence that irrespective of age, sex, prior-existing cardiovascular disease, or type of SGLT2 inhibitors used, patients with type 2 diabetes initiated on SGLT2 inhibitors have lower incidence of pneumonia and sepsis as well as mortality risk associated with pneumonia, sepsis, and infectious diseases, compared with those initiated on DPP-4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Zhen Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Pui-Fai Wong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yap-Hang Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hang-Long Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Si-Yeung Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Kei Tse
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing-Wen Ren
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuk-Yin Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kai-Hang Yiu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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Cheung KS, Yeung YWM, Wong WS, Li B, Seto WK, Leung WK. Statins associate with lower risk of biliary tract cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2022; 12:557-568. [PMID: 35698295 PMCID: PMC9844660 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary tract cancers (BTCs), encompassing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), gallbladder (GBC), and ampulla of Vater cancers (AVC), are common hepatobiliary cancer after hepatocellular carcinoma with a high mortality rate. As there is no effective chemopreventive agent to prevent BTCs, this study aimed to explore the role of statins on the risk of BTCs. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception until 24 April 2020 were searched according to the Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. The adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) of BTCs and individual cancer were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS Eight observational studies (3 cohort and 5 case-control studies) were included with 10,485,231 patients. The median age was 68.0 years (IQR: 67.0-71.5) and 48.3% were male. Statins were associated with a lower risk of all BTCs (aRR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.51-0.87). The pooled aRR for CCA was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.38-0.94) and GBC was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.68-0.90). There was only one study on AVC with aRR of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.66-1.41). The pooled aRR for lipophilic and hydrophilic statins was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.69-0.88) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.61-0.80), respectively. The effects were attenuated in studies that adjusted for aspirin and/or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aRR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.72-0.89) and metformin (aRR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.72-0.90). CONCLUSIONS Statins, both lipophilic and hydrophobic, were associated with a lower risk of BTCs, particularly CCA and GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Shing Cheung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong KongQueen Mary HospitalHong Kong,Department of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong‐Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | | | - Wing Sum Wong
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Bofei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina
| | - Wai Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong KongQueen Mary HospitalHong Kong,Department of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong‐Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Wai K. Leung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong KongQueen Mary HospitalHong Kong
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Sun D, Zhang M, Wei M, Wang Z, Qiao W, Liu P, Zhong X, Liang Y, Chen Y, Huang Y, Yu W. Ox-LDL-mediated ILF3 overexpression in gastric cancer progression by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:3887-3909. [PMID: 35507914 PMCID: PMC9134943 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of dyslipidemia and interleukin-enhancer binding factor 3 (ILF3) in gastric cancer, and provide insights into the potential application of statins as an agent to prevent and treat gastric cancer. Methods: The expression levels of ILF3 in gastric cancer were examined with publicly available datasets such as TCGA, and western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine the expression of ILF3 in clinical specimens. The effects of ox-LDL on expression of ILF3 were further verified with western blot analyses. RNA sequencing, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) pathway analyses were performed to reveal the potential downstream signaling pathway targets of ILF3. The effects of statins and ILF3 on PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells were investigated with Edu assay, flow cytometry and transwell assay. Results: Immunohistochemistry and western blot demonstrated that the positive expression rates of ILF3 in gastric cancer tissues were higher than adjacent mucosa tissues. The ox-LDL promoted the expression of ILF3 in a time-concentration-dependent manner. ILF3 promoted the proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Statins inhibited the proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion of gastric cancer by inhibiting the expression of ILF3. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that ox-LDL promotes ILF3 overexpression to regulate gastric cancer progression by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Statins inhibits the expression of ILF3, which might be a new targeted therapy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Mingxiang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wen Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yize Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Nursing Department, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yadi Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wenbin Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Li HL, Tromp J, Teramoto K, Tse YK, Yu SY, Lam LY, Li KY, Wu MZ, Ren QW, Wong PF, Cheung CL, To KKW, Tse HF, Lam CSP, Yiu KH. Temporal trends and patterns of infective endocarditis in a Chinese population: A territory-wide study in Hong Kong (2002–2019). THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 22:100417. [PMID: 35257120 PMCID: PMC8897627 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background The characteristics of infective endocarditis (IE) in Asians are poorly understood. Therefore, we aim to describe the epidemiological trends and clinical features of IE in Hong Kong. Methods All patients with incident IE from 2002–2019 in a territory-wide clinical database in Hong Kong were identified. We studied the age- and sex-adjusted and one-year mortality of IE between 2002 and 2019 and identified significant contributors to 1-year all-cause death using the attributable fraction. We used propensity score and inverse propensity of treatment weighting to study the association of surgery with mortality. Findings A total of 5139 patients (60.4 ± 18.2years, 37% women) were included. The overall incidence of IE was 4.9 per 100,000 person-year, which did not change over time (P = 0.17). Patients in 2019 were older and more comorbid than those in 2002. The one-year crude mortality rate was 30% in 2002, which did not change significantly over time (P = 0.10). Between 2002 and 2019, the rate of surgery increased and was associated with a 51% risk reduction in 1-year all-cause mortality (Hazard Ratio 0.49 [0.28–0.87], P = 0.015). Advanced age (attributable fraction 19%) and comorbidities (attributable fraction 15%) were significant contributors to death. Interpretation The incidence of IE in Hong Kong did not change between 2002 and 2019. Patients with IE in 2019 were older and had more comorbidities than those in 2002. Mortality of IE remains persistently high in Hong Kong. Together, these data can guide public health strategies to improve the outcomes of patients with IE. Funding This work was supported by Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, China [No. SZSM201911020] and HKU-SZH Fund for Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline [No. SZXK2020081].
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35
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Crea F. Inflammation, targeted proteomics, and microvascular dysfunction: the new frontiers of ischaemic heart disease. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:1517-1520. [PMID: 35445246 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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36
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Use of Hypolipidemic Drugs and the Risk of Second Primary Malignancy in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071699. [PMID: 35406471 PMCID: PMC8997159 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypolipidemic drugs are among the most frequently prescribed medications in the Western world. Since many studies have indicated their role in carcinogenesis, this work aimed to investigate their association with the occurrence of a second primary malignancy in colorectal cancer survivors. The overall incidence of a second neoplasm was not linked to hypolipidemic medication; however, a subgroup analysis revealed a lower incidence of secondary neoplasia in statin users. When stratified by cancer types, a significant increase in gastric and bladder cancer was detected among colorectal cancer patients using hypolipidemic drugs. Survival outcomes in patients with early-stage colorectal carcinoma who suffered second cancer were significantly worse if treated with hypolipidemic drugs. Although our results do not provide evidence for a causative relationship between hypolipidemic medication and carcinogenesis, these correlations might steer the direction of tertiary prevention care towards specific risk factors shared between cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Abstract An increasing number of studies has brought evidence of the protective role of statin use against different types of cancer. However, data on their association with second primary malignancies (SPMs) are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of hypolipidemic treatment in the prevention of second primary cancer in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. We conducted a retrospective single-institution study of 1401 patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer from January 2003 to December 2016, with follow-up until December 2020. An SPM was detected in 301 patients (21%), and the incidence was significantly lower in patients with statin medication. However, stratification by cancer types revealed an increased incidence of bladder and gastric cancer in hypolipidemic users. A Kaplan−Meier analysis of early-stage CRC survivors with an SPM showed a significant survival benefit in patients without a history of hypolipidemic treatment. Despite the protective role of statins on overall second cancer incidence, these data indicate that CRC survivors treated with hypolipidemic drugs should be screened more cautiously for SPMs, especially for gastric and bladder cancer.
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Han X, Sun J, Li C, Adhikari BK, Zhang J, Miao X, Chen Z. Cardio-Oncology: A Myriad of Relationships Between Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:727487. [PMID: 35369296 PMCID: PMC8968416 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.727487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are the leading causes of death worldwide. With an increasing number of the elderly population, and early cancer screening and treatment, the number of cancers cases are rising, while the mortality rate is decreasing. However, the number of cancer survivors is increasing yearly. With the prolonged life span of cancer patients, the adverse effects of anti-tumor therapy, especially CVD, have gained enormous attention. The incidence of cardiovascular events such as cardiac injury or cardiovascular toxicity is higher than malignant tumors' recurrence rate. Numerous clinical studies have also shifted their focus from the study of a single disease to the interdisciplinary study of oncology and cardiology. Previous studies have confirmed that anti-tumor therapy can cause CVD. Additionally, the treatment of CVD is also related to the tumors incidence. It is well established that the increased incidence of CVD in cancer patients is probably due to an unmodified unhealthy lifestyle among cancer survivors or cardiotoxicity caused by anti-cancer therapy. Nevertheless, some patients with CVD have a relatively increased cancer risk because CVD and malignant tumors are highly overlapping risk factors, including gender, age, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and obesity. With advancements in the diagnosis and treatment, many patients simultaneously suffer from CVD and cancer, and most of them have a poor prognosis. Therefore, clinicians should understand the relationship between CVD and tumors, effectively identify the primary and secondary prevention for these diseases, and follow proper treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaorong Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Miao
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Miao
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Zhaoyang Chen
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38
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Mansouri A, Reiner Ž, Ruscica M, Tedeschi-Reiner E, Radbakhsh S, Bagheri Ekta M, Sahebkar A. Antioxidant Effects of Statins by Modulating Nrf2 and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling in Different Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:1313. [PMID: 35268403 PMCID: PMC8911353 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins are competitive inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase and have been used to treat elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) for almost four decades. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which are independent of the lipid-lowering effects of statins, i.e., their pleiotropic effects, might be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of many diseases. This review discusses the antioxidant effects of statins achieved by modulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2/ heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathway in different organs and diseases. Nrf2 and other proteins involved in the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway have a crucial role in cellular responses to oxidative stress, which is a risk factor for ASCVD. Statins can significantly increase the DNA-binding activity of Nrf2 and induce the expression of its target genes, such as HO-1 and glutathione peroxidase) GPx, (thus protecting the cells against oxidative stress. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of statins, which are independent of their lipid-lowering effects, could be partly explained by the modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Eugenia Tedeschi-Reiner
- University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, University of Osijek, Vinogradska Cesta 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Shabnam Radbakhsh
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Mariam Bagheri Ekta
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
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Bauersachs J, de Boer RA, Lindenfeld J, Bozkurt B. The year in cardiovascular medicine 2021: heart failure and cardiomyopathies. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:367-376. [PMID: 34974611 PMCID: PMC9383181 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the year 2021, the universal definition and classification of heart failure (HF) was published that defines HF as a clinical syndrome with symptoms and/or signs caused by a cardiac abnormality and corroborated by elevated natriuretic peptide levels or objective evidence of cardiogenic congestion. This definition and the classification of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), mildly reduced, and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is consistent with the 2021 ESC Guidelines on HF. Among several other new recommendations, these guidelines give a Class I indication for the use of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors dapagliflozin and empagliflozin in HFrEF patients. As the first evidence-based treatment for HFpEF, in the EMPEROR-Preserved trial, empagliflozin reduced the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death and HF hospitalizations. Several reports in 2021 have provided novel and detailed analyses of device and medical therapy in HF, especially regarding sacubitril/valsartan, SGLT2 inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, ferric carboxymaltose, soluble guanylate cyclase activators, and cardiac myosin activators. In patients hospitalized with COVID-19, acute HF and myocardial injury is quite frequent, whereas myocarditis and long-term damage to the heart are rather uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rudolf A. de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - JoAnn Lindenfeld
- Vanderbilt Heart and Vascular Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Biykem Bozkurt
- Winters Center for Heart Failure, Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston TX, USA
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40
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Low-dose aspirin and incidence of lung carcinoma in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Hong Kong: A cohort study. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1003880. [PMID: 35025879 PMCID: PMC8757901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a higher risk of lung carcinoma. Using a territory-wide clinical electronic medical records system, we investigated the association between low-dose aspirin use (≤160 mg) among patients with COPD and incidence of lung carcinoma and the corresponding risk of bleeding. METHODS AND FINDINGS This is a retrospective cohort study conducted utilizing Clinical Data Analysis Reporting System (CDARS), a territory-wide database developed by the Hong Kong Hospital Authority. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance baseline covariates between aspirin nonusers (35,049 patients) with new aspirin users (7,679 patients) among all eligible COPD patients from 2005 to 2018 attending any public hospitals. The median age of the cohort was 75.7 years (SD = 11.5), and 80.3% were male. Competing risk regression with Cox proportional hazards model were performed to estimate the subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) of lung carcinoma with low-dose aspirin and the associated bleeding events. Of all eligible patients, 1,779 (4.2%, 1,526 and 253 among nonusers and users) were diagnosed with lung carcinoma over a median follow-up period of 2.6 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.4 to 4.8). Aspirin use was associated with a 25% lower risk of lung carcinoma (SHR = 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65 to 0.87, p = <0.001) and 26% decrease in lung carcinoma-related mortality (SHR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.86, p = <0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that aspirin was beneficial for patients aged above or below 75 years, but was also beneficial among populations who were male, nondiabetic, and nonhypertensive. Aspirin use was not associated with an increased risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) (SHR = 1.19, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.53, p = 0.16), but was associated with an increased risk of hemoptysis (SHR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.73 to 2.23, p < 0.001). The main limitations of the study were (i) that one group of patients may be more likely to seek additional medical attention, although this was partially mitigated by the use of propensity score analysis; and (ii) the observational nature of the study renders it unable to establish causality between aspirin use and lung carcinoma incidence. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed that low-dose aspirin use was associated with a lower risk of lung carcinoma and lung carcinoma-related mortality among COPD patients. While aspirin was not associated with an increased risk of UGIB, the risk of hemoptysis was elevated.
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41
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Statine verringern Malignomrisiko bei Herzinsuffizienz. AKTUELLE KARDIOLOGIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1662-8284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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42
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Meng X, Gao JZ, Gomendoza SMT, Li JW, Yang S. Recent Advances of WEE1 Inhibitors and Statins in Cancers With p53 Mutations. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:737951. [PMID: 34671620 PMCID: PMC8520942 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.737951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 is among the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor genes given its prevalence in >50% of all human cancers. One critical tumor suppression function of p53 is to regulate transcription of downstream genes and maintain genomic stability by inducing the G1/S checkpoint in response to DNA damage. Tumor cells lacking functional p53 are defective in the G1/S checkpoint and become highly dependent on the G2/M checkpoint to maintain genomic stability and are consequently vulnerable to Wee1 inhibitors, which override the cell cycle G2/M checkpoint and induce cell death through mitotic catastrophe. In addition to the lost tumor suppression function, many mutated p53 (Mutp53) proteins acquire gain-of-function (GOF) activities as oncogenes to promote cancer progression, which manifest through aberrant expression of p53. In cancer cells with GOF Mutp53, statins can induce CHIP-mediated degradation of Mutp53 within the mevalonate pathway by blocking the interaction between mutp53 and DNAJA1. Therefore, targeting critical downstream pathways of Mutp53 provides an alternative strategy for treating cancers expressing Mutp53. In this review, we summarize recent advances with Wee1 inhibitors, statins, and mevalonate pathway inhibitors in cancers with p53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbing Meng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Jason Z Gao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | | | - John W Li
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Human and Evolutionary Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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43
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Crea F. The complex relationship among heart failure, cancer, and lipid lowering, and an update on cardiomyopathies. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:3029-3032. [PMID: 34418056 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Divakaran
- Cardio-Oncology Program and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anju Nohria
- Cardio-Oncology Program and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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