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Ngai D, Sukka SR, Tabas I. Crosstalk between efferocytic myeloid cells and T-cells and its relevance to atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1403150. [PMID: 38873597 PMCID: PMC11169609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1403150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between myeloid cells and T-lymphocytes is critical to the regulation of host defense and inflammation resolution. Dysregulation of this interaction can contribute to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Important among these diseases is atherosclerosis, which refers to focal lesions in the arterial intima driven by elevated apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, notably low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and characterized by the formation of a plaque composed of inflammatory immune cells, a collection of dead cells and lipids called the necrotic core, and a fibrous cap. As the disease progresses, the necrotic core expands, and the fibrous cap becomes thin, which increases the risk of plaque rupture or erosion. Plaque rupture leads to a rapid thrombotic response that can give rise to heart attack, stroke, or sudden death. With marked lowering of circulating LDL, however, plaques become more stable and cardiac risk is lowered-a process known as atherosclerosis regression. A critical aspect of both atherosclerosis progression and regression is the crosstalk between innate (myeloid cells) and adaptive (T-lymphocytes) immune cells. Myeloid cells are specialized at clearing apoptotic cells by a process called efferocytosis, which is necessary for inflammation resolution. In advanced disease, efferocytosis is impaired, leading to secondary necrosis of apoptotic cells, inflammation, and, most importantly, defective tissue resolution. In regression, efferocytosis is reawakened aiding in inflammation resolution and plaque stabilization. Here, we will explore how efferocytosing myeloid cells could affect T-cell function and vice versa through antigen presentation, secreted factors, and cell-cell contacts and how this cellular crosstalk may contribute to the progression or regression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ngai
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Santosh R. Sukka
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Physiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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2
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Ye J, Yang R, Li L, Zhong S, Jiang R, Hu Z. Molecular mechanism of Danxiong Tongmai Granules in treatment of coronary heart disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:8843-8865. [PMID: 38775721 PMCID: PMC11164497 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Danxiong Tongmai Granules (DXTMG) are widely utilized in treating coronary heart disease (CHD) in China. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of DXTMG on CHD by employing a network pharmacology approach, complemented with experimental validation. METHODS Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) compounds and targets were identified via searches in the BATMAN-TCM database, and the GeneCards database was used to obtain the main target genes involved in CHD. We combined disease targets with the drug targets to identify common targets. The "TCM-compound-target" network was plotted using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database from which core targets were obtained. Gene ontology (GO) function analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed for common drug-disease targets using R Version 4.0.4 (64 bit) software. Molecular docking of core protein-small molecule ligand interaction was modeled using AutoDock software. A molecular dynamics simulation was conducted on the optimal protein-small molecule complex identified through molecular docking, using Amber18 software. The rat model for myocardial ischemia was established through pre-gavage administration of DXTMG, followed by dorsal hypodermic injection of isoprenaline. Myocardial tissues from the rats were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Masson's trichrome staining. Relevant targets were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS 162 potential targets of DXTMG involved in CHD were identified. These included INS, ALB, IL-6 and TNF according to PPI network studies. GO enrichment analysis identified a total of 3365 GO pathways, including 3049 biological process pathways (BP) concerned with the heart and circulatory system; 109 cellular component (CC) pathways, including cation channels and membrane rafts and 207 molecular function (MF) pathways related to receptor ligands and activators. KEGG analysis revealed a total of 137 pathways (P < 0.05), including those related to AGE-RAGE signaling associated with diabetic complications, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis. The results of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated the robust binding affinity between the compounds and target proteins. Animal experiment findings indicated that, compared with the model group, the DXTMG group effectively ameliorated inflammation and fibrosis in rat myocardial tissues, reduced LDH, cTn-I, and MDA levels (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), elevated SOD and GSH-PX levels (P < 0.05), and reduced the percentage of positive area for IL-6 and TNF-α (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study preliminarily suggests that DXTMG can modulate oxidative stress, inflammation response, and cardiomyocyte regulation, thereby mitigating the onset and progression of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Ye
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Ruiping Yang
- Basic Medical Sciences College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Senjie Zhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Ruixue Jiang
- Basic Medical Sciences College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Zhixi Hu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
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Stroope C, Nettersheim FS, Coon B, Finney AC, Schwartz MA, Ley K, Rom O, Yurdagul A. Dysregulated cellular metabolism in atherosclerosis: mediators and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Metab 2024; 6:617-638. [PMID: 38532071 PMCID: PMC11055680 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01015-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence over the past decades has revealed an intricate relationship between dysregulation of cellular metabolism and the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, an integrated understanding of dysregulated cellular metabolism in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its potential value as a therapeutic target is missing. In this Review, we (1) summarize recent advances concerning the role of metabolic dysregulation during atherosclerosis progression in lesional cells, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages and T cells; (2) explore the complexity of metabolic cross-talk between these lesional cells; (3) highlight emerging technologies that promise to illuminate unknown aspects of metabolism in atherosclerosis; and (4) suggest strategies for targeting these underexplored metabolic alterations to mitigate atherosclerosis progression and stabilize rupture-prone atheromas with a potential new generation of cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Stroope
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Felix Sebastian Nettersheim
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Brian Coon
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, OMRF, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Alexandra C Finney
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Immunology Center of Georgia (IMMCG), Augusta University Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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4
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Li Z, Wang L, Ren Y, Huang Y, Liu W, Lv Z, Qian L, Yu Y, Xiong Y. Arginase: shedding light on the mechanisms and opportunities in cardiovascular diseases. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:413. [PMID: 36209203 PMCID: PMC9547100 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Arginase, a binuclear manganese metalloenzyme in the urea, catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine to urea and L-ornithine. Both isoforms, arginase 1 and arginase 2 perform significant roles in the regulation of cellular functions in cardiovascular system, such as senescence, apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation, and autophagy, via a variety of mechanisms, including regulating L-arginine metabolism and activating multiple signal pathways. Furthermore, abnormal arginase activity contributes to the initiation and progression of a variety of CVDs. Therefore, targeting arginase may be a novel and promising approach for CVDs treatment. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of the physiological and biological roles of arginase in a variety of CVDs, revealing the underlying mechanisms of arginase mediating vascular and cardiac function, as well as shedding light on the novel and promising therapeutic approaches for CVDs therapy in individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuozhuo Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaoyao Huang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziwei Lv
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yi Yu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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5
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Metabolism in atherosclerotic plaques: immunoregulatory mechanisms in the arterial wall. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:435-454. [PMID: 35348183 PMCID: PMC8965849 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest to understand the link between metabolism and the immune response in the context of metabolic diseases but also beyond, giving then birth to a new field of research. Termed 'immunometabolism', this interdisciplinary field explores paradigms of both immunology and metabolism to provided unique insights into different disease pathogenic processes, and the identification of new potential therapeutic targets. Similar to other inflammatory conditions, the atherosclerotic inflammatory process in the artery has been associated with a local dysregulated metabolic response. Thus, recent studies show that metabolites are more than just fuels in their metabolic pathways, and they can act as modulators of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. In this review article, we describe the most common immunometabolic pathways characterised in innate and adaptive immune cells, and discuss how macrophages' and T cells' metabolism may influence phenotypic changes in the plaque. Moreover, we discuss the potential of targeting immunometabolism to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
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6
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Colchicine reduces atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in rabbits. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2021; 45:1-9. [PMID: 36643998 PMCID: PMC9833268 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims The anti-inflammatory agent colchicine is gaining interest as a treatment for coronary artery disease. However, the effects of colchicine in atherosclerotic animal models are mostly unknown. This study aimed to evaluate colchicine in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. Methods Twenty-two rabbits were fed a 0.5% cholesterol-enriched diet for 10 weeks and then randomized to receive either oral saline (n=11) or colchicine (350 μg/kg/day; n=11) for 6 weeks, with 0.2% cholesterol-diet during the treatment period. We performed intravascular ultrasound imaging (at start and end of treatment) and histology analyses of the descending thoracic aorta. Leucocyte activation was assessed in vitro on blood samples obtained during treatment. Results Colchicine prevented positive aortic vascular remodelling (p=0.029 vs placebo). This effect was even more marked at high plasma cholesterol level (third quartile of plasma cholesterol, p=0.020). At high cholesterol level, both atherosclerotic plaque and media areas on histomorphology were reduced by colchicine compared to placebo (p=0.031 and p=0.039, respectively). Plaque fibrosis and macrophage area were reduced by colchicine (Masson's trichrome stain: p=0.038; RAM-11: p=0.026). The plaque vulnerability index, assessed by histology, was reduced by colchicine (p=0.040). Elastin/type I collagen ratio in media was significantly higher with colchicine compared to placebo (p=0.013). At a high level of plasma cholesterol, in vitro LPS challenge revealed a decrease in monocyte activation following treatment with colchicine (p<0.001) and no change in the placebo group (p=0.353). Conclusions Colchicine decreases plaque vulnerability with reductions in plaque inflammation, medial fibrosis, outward vascular remodelling and ex vivo monocyte activation.
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7
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Zaric BL, Radovanovic JN, Gluvic Z, Stewart AJ, Essack M, Motwalli O, Gojobori T, Isenovic ER. Atherosclerosis Linked to Aberrant Amino Acid Metabolism and Immunosuppressive Amino Acid Catabolizing Enzymes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:551758. [PMID: 33117340 PMCID: PMC7549398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.551758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading global health concern and responsible for more deaths worldwide than any other type of disorder. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in the arterial wall, which underpins several types of cardiovascular disease. It has emerged that a strong relationship exists between alterations in amino acid (AA) metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have reported positive correlations between levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) such as leucine, valine, and isoleucine in plasma and the occurrence of metabolic disturbances. Elevated serum levels of BCAAs indicate a high cardiometabolic risk. Thus, BCAAs may also impact atherosclerosis prevention and offer a novel therapeutic strategy for specific individuals at risk of coronary events. The metabolism of AAs, such as L-arginine, homoarginine, and L-tryptophan, is recognized as a critical regulator of vascular homeostasis. Dietary intake of homoarginine, taurine, and glycine can improve atherosclerosis by endothelium remodeling. Available data also suggest that the regulation of AA metabolism by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and arginases 1 and 2 are mediated through various immunological signals and that immunosuppressive AA metabolizing enzymes are promising therapeutic targets against atherosclerosis. Further clinical studies and basic studies that make use of animal models are required. Here we review recent data examining links between AA metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozidarka L. Zaric
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena N. Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinical-Hospital Centre Zemun-Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alan J. Stewart
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center, Computer (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olaa Motwalli
- College of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University (SEU), Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center, Computer (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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8
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Matsubara Y, Kiwan G, Fereydooni A, Langford J, Dardik A. Distinct subsets of T cells and macrophages impact venous remodeling during arteriovenous fistula maturation. JVS Vasc Sci 2020; 1:207-218. [PMID: 33748787 PMCID: PMC7971420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with end-stage renal failure depend on hemodialysis indefinitely without renal transplantation, requiring a long-term patent vascular access. While the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) remains the preferred vascular access for hemodialysis because of its longer patency and fewer complications compared with other vascular accesses, the primary patency of AVF is only 50-60%, presenting a clinical need for improvement. AVF mature by developing a thickened vascular wall and increased diameter to adapt to arterial blood pressure and flow volume. Inflammation plays a critical role during vascular remodeling and fistula maturation; increased shear stress triggers infiltration of T-cells and macrophages that initiate inflammation, with involvement of several different subsets of T-cells and macrophages. We review the literature describing distinct roles of the various subsets of T-cells and macrophages during vascular remodeling. Immunosuppression with sirolimus or prednisolone reduces neointimal hyperplasia during AVF maturation, suggesting novel approaches to enhance vascular remodeling. However, M2 macrophages and CD4+ T-cells play essential roles during AVF maturation, suggesting that total immunosuppression may suppress adaptive vascular remodeling. Therefore it is likely that regulation of inflammation during fistula maturation will require a balanced approach to coordinate the various inflammatory cell subsets. Advances in immunosuppressive drug development and delivery systems may allow for more targeted regulation of inflammation to improve vascular remodeling and enhance AVF maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsubara
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Surgery and Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Gathe Kiwan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Arash Fereydooni
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - John Langford
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Alan Dardik
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems, West Haven, CT
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9
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Huang J, Liu C, Ming XF, Yang Z. Inhibition of p38mapk Reduces Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Aging Mediated by Arginase-II. Pharmacology 2020; 105:491-504. [PMID: 32454488 DOI: 10.1159/000507635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue inflammation occurs not only in obesity but also in aging and is mechanistically linked with age-associated diseases. Studies show that ablation of the l-arginine-metabolizing enzyme arginase-II (Arg-II) reduces adipose tissue inflammation and improves glucose tolerance in obesity. However, the role of Arg-II in aging adipose tissue inflammation is not clear. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the role of Arg-II in age-associated adipose tissue inflammation. METHODS Visceral adipose tissues of young (3-6 months) and old (20-24 months) wild-type (WT) and Arg-II-/- mice were investigated. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy was performed for analysis of macrophage accumulation and cellular localization of arginase and cytokines; expression of arginase and cytokines was analyzed by qRT-PCR or immunoblotting or ELISA; activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in adipose tissues was analyzed by immunoblotting; and arginase activity was measured by colorimetric determination of urea production. RESULTS In the old WT mice, there is more macrophage accumulation in the visceral adipose tissues than in Arg-II knockout animals. An age-associated increase in arginase activity and Arg-II expression in adipose tissues of WT mice is observed. Arg-II knockout enhances Arg-I expression and activity, but inhibits interleukin (IL)-6 expression and secretion and reduces active p38mapk in aging adipose tissue macrophages and stromal cells. Treatment of aging adipose tissues of WT mice with a specific p38mapk inhibitor SB203580 reduces IL-6 secretion. CONCLUSIONS Arg-II promotes IL-6 production in aging adipose tissues through p38mapk. The results suggest that targeting Arg-II or inhibiting p38mapk could be beneficial in reducing age-associated adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Huang
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chang Liu
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Xiu-Fen Ming
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland, .,National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland,
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10
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Luo Y, Lu S, Gao Y, Yang K, Wu D, Xu X, Sun G, Sun X. Araloside C attenuates atherosclerosis by modulating macrophage polarization via Sirt1-mediated autophagy. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:1704-1724. [PMID: 31986489 PMCID: PMC7053643 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease is still the predominant cause of death worldwide. Araloside C (AsC), a natural saponin, exerts extensive anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we explored the protective effects and mechanism of AsC on macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis in vivo and in vitro. Using a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed ApoE-/- mouse model and RAW264.7 macrophages exposed to ox-LDL, AsC was evaluated for its effects on polarization and autophagy. AsC significantly reduced the plaque area in atherosclerotic mice and lipid accumulation in ox-LDL-treated macrophages, promoted M2 phenotype macrophage polarization, increased the number of autophagosomes and modulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins. Moreover, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine and BECN1 siRNA obviously abolished the antiatherosclerotic and M2 macrophage polarization effects of AsC. Mechanistically, AsC targeted Sirt1and increased its expression, and this increase in expression was associated with increased autophagy and M2 phenotype polarization. In contrast, the effects of AsC were markedly blocked by EX527 and Sirt1 siRNA. Altogether, AsC attenuates foam cell formation and lessens atherosclerosis by modulating macrophage polarization via Sirt1-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ye Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daoshun Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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11
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Loss of PARP-1 attenuates diabetic arteriosclerotic calcification via Stat1/Runx2 axis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:22. [PMID: 31924749 PMCID: PMC6954221 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated atherosclerotic calcification is responsible for plaque burden, especially in diabetes. The regulatory mechanism for atherosclerotic calcification in diabetes is poorly characterized. Here we show that deletion of PARP-1, a main enzyme in diverse metabolic complications, attenuates diabetic atherosclerotic calcification and decreases vessel stiffening in mice through Runx2 suppression. Specifically, PARP-1 deficiency reduces diabetic arteriosclerotic calcification by regulating Stat1-mediated synthetic phenotype switching of vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophage polarization. Meanwhile, both vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages manifested osteogenic differentiation in osteogenic media, which was attenuated by PARP-1/Stat1 inhibition. Notably, Stat1 acts as a positive transcription factor by directly binding to the promoter of Runx2 and promoting atherosclerotic calcification in diabetes. Our results identify a new function of PARP-1, in which metabolism disturbance-related stimuli activate the Runx2 expression mediated by Stat1 transcription to facilitate diabetic arteriosclerotic calcification. PARP-1 inhibition may therefore represent a useful therapy for this challenging complication.
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12
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Nitz K, Lacy M, Atzler D. Amino Acids and Their Metabolism in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:319-330. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
As a leading cause of death worldwide, cardiovascular disease is a global health concern. The development and progression of atherosclerosis, which ultimately gives rise to cardiovascular disease, has been causally linked to hypercholesterolemia. Mechanistically, the interplay between lipids and the immune system during plaque progression significantly contributes to the chronic inflammation seen in the arterial wall during atherosclerosis. Localized inflammation and increased cell-to-cell interactions may influence polarization and proliferation of immune cells via changes in amino acid metabolism. Specifically, the amino acids
l
-arginine (Arg),
l
-homoarginine (hArg) and
l
-tryptophan (Trp) have been widely studied in the context of cardiovascular disease, and their metabolism has been established as key regulators of vascular homeostasis, as well as immune cell function. Cyclic effects between endothelial cells, innate, and adaptive immune cells exist during Arg and hArg, as well as Trp metabolism, that may have distinct effects on the development of atherosclerosis. In this review, we describe the current knowledge surrounding the metabolism, biological function, and clinical perspective of Arg, hArg, and Trp in the context of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Nitz
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (K.N., M.L., D.A.)
| | - Michael Lacy
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (K.N., M.L., D.A.)
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (K.N., M.L., D.A.)
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13
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Changes in CDKN2A/2B expression associate with T-cell phenotype modulation in atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Transl Res 2019; 203:31-48. [PMID: 30176239 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate a role of CDKN2A/2B/2BAS genes in atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Progression of these diseases is accompanied by T-cell imbalance and chronic inflammation. Our main objective was to investigate a potential association between CDKN2A/2B/2BAS gene expression and T cell phenotype in T2DM and coronary artery disease (CAD) in humans, and to explore the therapeutic potential of these genes to restore immune cell homeostasis and disease progression. Reduced mRNA levels of CDKN2A (p16Ink4a), CDKN2B (p15Ink4b), and CDKN2BAS were observed in human T2DM and T2DM-CAD subjects compared with controls. Protein levels of p16Ink4a and p15Ink4b were also diminished in T2DM-CAD patients while CDK4 levels, the main target of p16Ink4a and p15Ink4b, were augmented in T2DM and T2DM-CAD subjects. Both patient groups displayed higher activated CD3+CD69+ T cells and proatherogenic CD14++CD16+ monocytes, while CD4+CD25+CD127 regulatory T (Treg cells) cells were decreased. Treatment of primary human lymphocytes with PD0332991, a p16Ink4a/p15Ink4b mimetic drug and a proven CDK4 inhibitor, increased Treg cells and the levels of activated transcription factor phosphoSTAT5. In vivo PD0332991 treatment of atherosclerotic apoE-/- mice and insulin resistant apoE-/-Irs2+/- mice augmented Foxp3-expressing Treg cells and decreased lesion size. Thus, atherosclerosis complications in T2DM associate with altered immune cell homeostasis, diminished CDKN2A/2B/2BAS expression, and increased CDK4 levels. The present study also suggests that the treatment with drugs that mimic CDKN2A/2B genes could potential be considered as a promising therapy to delay atherosclerosis.
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14
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Li B, Sheng Z, Liu C, Qian L, Wu Y, Wu Y, Ma G, Yao Y. Kallistatin Inhibits Atherosclerotic Inflammation by Regulating Macrophage Polarization. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 30:339-351. [PMID: 30205711 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin (KS) has been recognized as a plasma protein with anti-inflammatory functions. Macrophages are the primary inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic plaques. However, it is unknown whether KS plays a role in macrophage development and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This study investigated the role of KS in macrophage development, a key pathological process in atherosclerosis. An atherosclerosis model was established in ApoE-/- mice via partial left carotid artery (PLCA) ligation. An adenovirus vector (Ad. HKS) containing the human KS gene was delivered via the tail vein before PLCA ligation. The mice were divided into two groups: the PLCA + Ad. HKS and PLCA + adenovirus vector (Ad. Null) groups and followed for 2 and 4 weeks. Human KS was expressed in the mice after KS gene delivery. In addition, KS significantly inhibited plaque formation and reduced inflammation in the plaques and liver 4 weeks after gene delivery. Moreover, KS gene delivery significantly increased the expression of interleukin-10 and Arginase 1, which are M2 macrophage markers, and reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and monocyte chemotactic protein 1, which are M1 macrophage markers. Furthermore, in cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages, KS significantly stimulated M2 marker expression and differentiation and decreased M1 marker expression, as determined by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. These effects were blocked by Krüppel-like factor 4 small-interfering RNA oligonucleotides. These findings demonstrate that KS inhibits atherosclerotic plaque formation and regulates M1/M2 macrophage polarization via Krüppel-like factor 4 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zulong Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Linglin Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuehuan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuyu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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15
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Alteration of microRNA 340-5p and Arginase-1 Expression in Peripheral Blood Cells during Acute Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3211-3221. [PMID: 30112629 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Acute stroke alters the systemic immune response as can be observed in peripheral blood; however, the molecular mechanism by which microRNA (miRNA) regulates target gene expression in response to acute stroke is unknown. We performed a miRNA microarray on the peripheral blood of 10 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 11 control subjects. Selected miRNAs were quantified using a TaqMan assay. After searching for putative targets from the selected miRNAs using bioinformatic analysis, functional studies including binding capacity and protein expression of the targets of the selected miRNAs were performed. The results reveal a total of 30 miRNAs that were differentially expressed (16 miRNAs were upregulated and 14 miRNAs were downregulated) during the acute phase of stroke. Using prediction analysis, we found that miR-340-5p was predicted to bind to the 3'-untranslated region of the arginase-1 (ARG1) gene; a luciferase reporter assay confirmed the binding of miR-340-5p to ARG1. miR-340-5p was downregulated whereas ARG1 mRNA was upregulated in peripheral blood in patients experiencing acute stroke. Overexpression of miR-340-5p in human neutrophil and mouse macrophage cell lines induced downregulation of the ARG1 protein. Transfection with miR-340-5p increased nitric oxide production after LPS treatment in a mouse macrophage cell line. Our results suggest that several miRNAs are dynamically altered in the peripheral blood during the acute phase of ischemic stroke, including miR-340-5p. Acute stroke induces the downregulation of miR-340-5p, which subsequently upregulates ARG1 protein expression.
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16
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van den Berg MP, Meurs H, Gosens R. Targeting arginase and nitric oxide metabolism in chronic airway diseases and their co-morbidities. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 40:126-133. [PMID: 29729549 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the airways, arginase and NOS compete for the common substrate l-arginine. In chronic airway diseases, such as asthma and COPD, elevated arginase expression contributes to airway contractility, hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and remodeling. The disrupted l-arginine homeostasis, through changes in arginase and NOS expression and activity, does not only play a central role in the development of various airways diseases such as asthma or COPD. It possibly also affects l-arginine homeostasis throughout the body contributing to the emergence of co-morbidities. This review focusses on the role of arginase, NOS and ADMA in co-morbidities of asthma and COPD and speculates on their possible connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska Pm van den Berg
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1 (XB10), 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herman Meurs
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1 (XB10), 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1 (XB10), 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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17
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Zhang X, Liu M, Qiao L, Zhang X, Liu X, Dong M, Dai H, Ni M, Luan X, Guan J, Lu H. Ginsenoside Rb1 enhances atherosclerotic plaque stability by skewing macrophages to the M2 phenotype. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:409-416. [PMID: 28944992 PMCID: PMC5742675 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is characterized as progressive arterial plaque, which is easy to rupture under low stability. Macrophage polarization and inflammation response plays an important role in regulating plaque stability. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), one of the main active principles of Panax Ginseng, has been found powerful potential in alleviating inflammatory response. However, whether Rb1 could exert protective effects on AS plaque stability remains unclear. This study investigated the role of Rb1 on macrophage polarization and atherosclerotic plaque stability using primary peritoneal macrophages isolated from C57BL/6 mice and AS model in ApoE-/- mice. In vitro, Rb1 treatment promoted the expression of arginase-I (Arg-I) and macrophage mannose receptor (CD206), two classic M2 macrophages markers, while the expression of iNOS (M1 macrophages) was decreased. Rb1 increased interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) secretion in supernatant and promoted STAT6 phosphorylation. IL-4 and/or IL-13 neutralizing antibodies and leflunomide, a STAT6 inhibitor attenuated the up-regulation of M2 markers induced by Rb1. In vivo, the administration of Rb1 promoted atherosclerotic lesion stability, accompanied by increased M2 macrophage phenotype and reduced MMP-9 staining. These data suggested that Rb1 enhanced atherosclerotic plaque stability through promoting anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization, which is achieved partly by increasing the production of IL-4 and/or IL-13 and STAT6 phosphorylation. Our study provides new evidence for possibility of Rb1 in prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of CardiologyQingdao Municipal HospitalQingdaoChina
| | - Ming‐hao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Lei Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xin‐yu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xiao‐ling Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Mei Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Hong‐yan Dai
- Department of CardiologyQingdao Municipal HospitalQingdaoChina
| | - Mei Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xiao‐rong Luan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Jun Guan
- Department of CardiologyQingdao Municipal HospitalQingdaoChina
| | - Hui‐xia Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
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18
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Karamariti E, Zhai C, Yu B, Qiao L, Wang Z, Potter CMF, Wong MM, Simpson RML, Zhang Z, Wang X, Del Barco Barrantes I, Niehrs C, Kong D, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Zhang C, Xu Q. DKK3 (Dickkopf 3) Alters Atherosclerotic Plaque Phenotype Involving Vascular Progenitor and Fibroblast Differentiation Into Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 38:425-437. [PMID: 29284609 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DKK3 (dickkopf 3), a 36-kD secreted glycoprotein, has been shown to be involved in the differentiation of partially reprogrammed cells and embryonic stem cells to smooth muscle cells (SMCs), but little is known about its involvement in vascular disease. This study aims to assess the effects of DKK3 on atherosclerotic plaque composition. APPROACH AND RESULTS In the present study, we used a murine model of atherosclerosis (ApoE-/-) in conjunction with DKK3-/- and performed tandem stenosis of the carotid artery to evaluate atherosclerotic plaque development. We found that the absence of DKK3 leads to vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, because of a reduced number of SMCs and reduced matrix protein deposition, as well as increased hemorrhage and macrophage infiltration. Further in vitro studies revealed that DKK3 can induce differentiation of Sca1+ (stem cells antigen 1) vascular progenitors and fibroblasts into SMCs via activation of the TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β)/ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6) and Wnt signaling pathways. Finally, we assessed the therapeutic potential of DKK3 in mouse and rabbit models and found that DKK3 altered the atherosclerotic plaque content via increasing SMC numbers and reducing vascular inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Cumulatively, we provide the first evidence that DKK3 is a potent SMC differentiation factor, which might have a therapeutic effect in reducing intraplaque hemorrhage related to atherosclerotic plaque phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Karamariti
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (E.K., B.Y., C.M.F.P., M.M.W., R.M.L.S., Z.Z., X.W., Y.H., Q.X.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (C. Zhai, L.Q., Y.Z., C. Zhang); State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.); Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany (I.d.B.B., C.N.); and Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Chungang Zhai
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (E.K., B.Y., C.M.F.P., M.M.W., R.M.L.S., Z.Z., X.W., Y.H., Q.X.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (C. Zhai, L.Q., Y.Z., C. Zhang); State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.); Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany (I.d.B.B., C.N.); and Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Baoqi Yu
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (E.K., B.Y., C.M.F.P., M.M.W., R.M.L.S., Z.Z., X.W., Y.H., Q.X.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (C. Zhai, L.Q., Y.Z., C. Zhang); State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.); Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany (I.d.B.B., C.N.); and Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Lei Qiao
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (E.K., B.Y., C.M.F.P., M.M.W., R.M.L.S., Z.Z., X.W., Y.H., Q.X.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (C. Zhai, L.Q., Y.Z., C. Zhang); State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.); Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany (I.d.B.B., C.N.); and Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Zhihong Wang
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (E.K., B.Y., C.M.F.P., M.M.W., R.M.L.S., Z.Z., X.W., Y.H., Q.X.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (C. Zhai, L.Q., Y.Z., C. Zhang); State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.); Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany (I.d.B.B., C.N.); and Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Claire M F Potter
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (E.K., B.Y., C.M.F.P., M.M.W., R.M.L.S., Z.Z., X.W., Y.H., Q.X.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (C. Zhai, L.Q., Y.Z., C. Zhang); State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.); Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany (I.d.B.B., C.N.); and Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Mei Mei Wong
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (E.K., B.Y., C.M.F.P., M.M.W., R.M.L.S., Z.Z., X.W., Y.H., Q.X.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (C. Zhai, L.Q., Y.Z., C. Zhang); State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.); Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany (I.d.B.B., C.N.); and Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Russell M L Simpson
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (E.K., B.Y., C.M.F.P., M.M.W., R.M.L.S., Z.Z., X.W., Y.H., Q.X.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (C. Zhai, L.Q., Y.Z., C. Zhang); State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.); Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany (I.d.B.B., C.N.); and Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (E.K., B.Y., C.M.F.P., M.M.W., R.M.L.S., Z.Z., X.W., Y.H., Q.X.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (C. Zhai, L.Q., Y.Z., C. Zhang); State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.); Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany (I.d.B.B., C.N.); and Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Xiaocong Wang
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (E.K., B.Y., C.M.F.P., M.M.W., R.M.L.S., Z.Z., X.W., Y.H., Q.X.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (C. Zhai, L.Q., Y.Z., C. Zhang); State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.); Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany (I.d.B.B., C.N.); and Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Ivan Del Barco Barrantes
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (E.K., B.Y., C.M.F.P., M.M.W., R.M.L.S., Z.Z., X.W., Y.H., Q.X.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (C. Zhai, L.Q., Y.Z., C. Zhang); State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.); Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany (I.d.B.B., C.N.); and Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Christof Niehrs
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (E.K., B.Y., C.M.F.P., M.M.W., R.M.L.S., Z.Z., X.W., Y.H., Q.X.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (C. Zhai, L.Q., Y.Z., C. Zhang); State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.); Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany (I.d.B.B., C.N.); and Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Deling Kong
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (E.K., B.Y., C.M.F.P., M.M.W., R.M.L.S., Z.Z., X.W., Y.H., Q.X.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (C. Zhai, L.Q., Y.Z., C. Zhang); State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.); Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany (I.d.B.B., C.N.); and Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Qiang Zhao
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (E.K., B.Y., C.M.F.P., M.M.W., R.M.L.S., Z.Z., X.W., Y.H., Q.X.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (C. Zhai, L.Q., Y.Z., C. Zhang); State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.); Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany (I.d.B.B., C.N.); and Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Yun Zhang
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (E.K., B.Y., C.M.F.P., M.M.W., R.M.L.S., Z.Z., X.W., Y.H., Q.X.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (C. Zhai, L.Q., Y.Z., C. Zhang); State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.); Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany (I.d.B.B., C.N.); and Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Yanhua Hu
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (E.K., B.Y., C.M.F.P., M.M.W., R.M.L.S., Z.Z., X.W., Y.H., Q.X.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (C. Zhai, L.Q., Y.Z., C. Zhang); State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.); Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany (I.d.B.B., C.N.); and Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Cheng Zhang
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (E.K., B.Y., C.M.F.P., M.M.W., R.M.L.S., Z.Z., X.W., Y.H., Q.X.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (C. Zhai, L.Q., Y.Z., C. Zhang); State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.); Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany (I.d.B.B., C.N.); and Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany (C.N.).
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre, United Kingdom (E.K., B.Y., C.M.F.P., M.M.W., R.M.L.S., Z.Z., X.W., Y.H., Q.X.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (C. Zhai, L.Q., Y.Z., C. Zhang); State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.W., D.K., Q.Z.); Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany (I.d.B.B., C.N.); and Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany (C.N.).
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19
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Qiao L, Zhang X, Liu M, Liu X, Dong M, Cheng J, Zhang X, Zhai C, Song Y, Lu H, Chen W. Ginsenoside Rb1 Enhances Atherosclerotic Plaque Stability by Improving Autophagy and Lipid Metabolism in Macrophage Foam Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:727. [PMID: 29114222 PMCID: PMC5660703 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a lipid-driven disease in which macrophage foam cells play a critical role by increasing vascular lipid accumulation and contributing to plaque instability. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), the most abundant active component of ginseng, has been found potently to promote lipid metabolism and attenuate lipid accumulation. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the effects of Rb1 on lipid accumulation and plaque stability were investigated both in vitro and in vivo by using primary peritoneal macrophages isolated from C57BL/6 mice and an AS model in ApoE-/- mice. The results showed that Rb1 reduced lipid accumulation both in macrophage foam cells and atherosclerotic plaques. Rb1 treatment promoted plaque stability by modifying plaque composition via the activation of autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. Transmission electron microscopy further showed an increased accumulation of autophagolysosomes in Rb1-treated macrophage foam cells. However, the modulation of lipid accumulation by Rb1 was attenuated by autophagy blockage using autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5) small interfering RNA (siRNA) in vitro. In addition, Rb1 notably increased AMPK phosphorylation both in vitro and in vivo, and the AMPK inhibitor compound C abolished the Rb1-induced autophagy in macrophage foam cells. In conclusion, ginsenoside Rb1 reduced lipid accumulation in macrophage foam cells and enhanced atherosclerotic plaque stability by the induction of macrophage autophagy. Our study provides new evidence for the possible use of Rb1 in the prevention and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Jinan, China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Jinan, China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiac Uhrasonography, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Minghao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Jinan, China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Jinan, China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Jinan, China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Jinan, China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Jinan, China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chungang Zhai
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Jinan, China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Song
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Jinan, China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huixia Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Jinan, China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenqiang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Jinan, China.,The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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20
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Zhao L, Cozzo AJ, Johnson AR, Christensen T, Freemerman AJ, Bear JE, Rotty JD, Bennett BJ, Makowski L. Lack of myeloid Fatp1 increases atherosclerotic lesion size in Ldlr -/- mice. Atherosclerosis 2017; 266:182-189. [PMID: 29035781 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Altered metabolism is an important regulator of macrophage (MΦ) phenotype, which contributes to inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. Broadly, pro-inflammatory, classically-activated MΦs (CAM) are glycolytic while alternatively-activated MΦs (AAM) oxidize fatty acids, although overlap exists. We previously demonstrated that MΦ fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1, Slc27a1) was necessary to maintain the oxidative and anti-inflammatory AAM phenotype in vivo in a model of diet-induced obesity. The aim of this study was to examine how MΦ metabolic reprogramming through FATP1 ablation affects the process of atherogenesis. We hypothesized that FATP1 limits MΦ-mediated inflammation during atherogenesis. Thus, mice lacking MΦ Fatp1 would display elevated formation of atherosclerotic lesions in a mouse model lacking the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (Ldlr-/-). METHODS We transplanted bone marrow collected from Fatp1+/+ or Fatp1-/- mice into Ldlr-/- mice and fed chimeric mice a Western diet for 12 weeks. Body weight, blood glucose, and plasma lipids were measured. Aortic sinus and aorta lesions were quantified. Atherosclerotic plaque composition, oxidative stress, and inflammation were analyzed histologically. RESULTS Compared to Fatp1+/+Ldlr-/- mice, Fatp1-/-Ldlr-/- mice exhibited significantly larger lesion area and elevated oxidative stress and inflammation in the atherosclerotic plaque. Macrophage and smooth muscle cell content did not differ by Fatp1 genotype. There were no significant systemic alterations in LDL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, or triacylglyceride, suggesting that the effect was local to the cells of the vessel microenvironment in a Fatp1-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS MΦ Fatp1 limits atherogenesis and may be a viable target to metabolically reprogram MΦs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alyssa J Cozzo
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Amy R Johnson
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Taylor Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alex J Freemerman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James E Bear
- Lineberger Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeremy D Rotty
- Lineberger Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Brian J Bennett
- USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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21
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Vinué Á, Navarro J, Herrero-Cervera A, García-Cubas M, Andrés-Blasco I, Martínez-Hervás S, Real JT, Ascaso JF, González-Navarro H. The GLP-1 analogue lixisenatide decreases atherosclerosis in insulin-resistant mice by modulating macrophage phenotype. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1801-1812. [PMID: 28608285 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Recent clinical studies indicate that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues prevent acute cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus but their mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, the impact of GLP-1 analogues and their potential underlying molecular mechanisms in insulin resistance and atherosclerosis are investigated. METHODS Atherosclerosis development was evaluated in Apoe -/- Irs2 +/- mice, a mouse model of insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis, treated with the GLP-1 analogues lixisenatide or liraglutide. In addition, studies in Apoe -/- Irs2 +/- mice and mouse-derived macrophages treated with lixisenatide were performed to investigate the potential inflammatory intracellular pathways. RESULTS Treatment of Apoe -/- Irs2 +/- mice with either lixisenatide or liraglutide improved glucose metabolism and blood pressure but this was independent of body weight loss. Both drugs significantly decreased atheroma plaque size. Compared with vehicle-treated control mice, lixisenatide treatment generated more stable atheromas, with fewer inflammatory infiltrates, reduced necrotic cores and thicker fibrous caps. Lixisenatide-treated mice also displayed diminished IL-6 levels, proinflammatory Ly6Chigh monocytes and activated T cells. In vitro analysis showed that, in macrophages from Apoe -/- Irs2 +/- mice, lixisenatide reduced the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 accompanied by enhanced activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, which is a determinant for M2 macrophage differentiation. STAT1 activation, which is essential for M1 phenotype, was also diminished. Furthermore, atheromas from lixisenatide-treated mice showed higher arginase I content and decreased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, indicating the prevalence of the M2 phenotype within plaques. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Lixisenatide decreases atheroma plaque size and instability in Apoe -/- Irs2 +/- mice by reprogramming macrophages towards an M2 phenotype, which leads to reduced inflammation. This study identifies a critical role for this drug in macrophage polarisation inside plaques and provides experimental evidence supporting a novel mechanism of action for GLP-1 analogues in the reduction of cardiovascular risk associated with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Vinué
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Avda Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Navarro
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Avda Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Clinic Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta García-Cubas
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Avda Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Andrés-Blasco
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Avda Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Hervás
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Avda Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Clinic Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José T Real
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Avda Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Clinic Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F Ascaso
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Avda Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Clinic Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Herminia González-Navarro
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Avda Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Wen H, Liu M, Liu Z, Yang X, Liu X, Ni M, Dong M, Luan X, Yuan Y, Xu X, Lu H. PEDF improves atherosclerotic plaque stability by inhibiting macrophage inflammation response. Int J Cardiol 2017; 235:37-41. [PMID: 28262343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a vascular disease with plaque formation and growth. Instable plaque with chronic inflammation is closely related to adverse cardiac outcomes. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenous multifunctional cytokine that possesses the ability of anti-inflammation. The aim of this study is to detect whether PEDF has protective effect on the stability of atherosclerotic plaque and to explore whether the effect of anti-inflammation involved. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE-/- mice fed with high fat diet and RAW264.7 cells were used to evaluate anti-inflammatory activities of PEDF both in vivo and in vitro. PEDF overexpression improved atherosclerotic plaque stability in ApoE-/- mice. The expression of inflammatory factors (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1] and matrix metalloproteinase [MMP-9]) was significantly decreased with PEDF overexpression in vivo and in vitro. The anti-inflammation effect of PEDF was attenuated by PPAR-γ specific antagonist GW9662. In addition, PEDF significantly decreased the expression of phosphorylated ERK-MAPK, p38-MAPK and JNK-MAPK. GW9662 partly reversed the PEDF-mediated depression of phosphorylated ERK- and p38-MAPK but has no significant effect on JNK-MAPK. CONCLUSIONS PEDF has protective effect on increasing AS plaque stability through ameliorating macrophage inflammation. PPAR-γ and downstream MAPKs were involved in the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China; Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China; Department of Cardiology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Minghao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Liu
- Ophthalmological Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaorong Luan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China; Department of Cardiology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Xinsheng Xu
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China; Department of Cardiology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China.
| | - Huixia Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
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23
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Hematopoietic arginase 1 deficiency results in decreased leukocytosis and increased foam cell formation but does not affect atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2017; 256:35-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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24
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Pudlo M, Demougeot C, Girard-Thernier C. Arginase Inhibitors: A Rational Approach Over One Century. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:475-513. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Pudlo
- PEPITE - EA4267; University Bourgogne Franche-Comté; Besançon France
| | - Céline Demougeot
- PEPITE - EA4267; University Bourgogne Franche-Comté; Besançon France
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25
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van Dijk RA, Rijs K, Wezel A, Hamming JF, Kolodgie FD, Virmani R, Schaapherder AF, Lindeman JHN. Systematic Evaluation of the Cellular Innate Immune Response During the Process of Human Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.115.002860. [PMID: 27312803 PMCID: PMC4937250 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The concept of innate immunity is well recognized within the spectrum of atherosclerosis, which is primarily dictated by macrophages. Although current insights to this process are largely based on murine models, there are fundamental differences in the atherosclerotic microenvironment and associated inflammatory response relative to humans. In this light, we characterized the cellular aspects of innate immune response in normal, nonprogressive, and progressive human atherosclerotic plaques. Methods and Results A systematic analysis of innate immune response was performed on 110 well‐characterized human perirenal aortic plaques with immunostaining for specific macrophage subtypes (M1 and M2 lineage) and their activation markers, neopterin and human leukocyte antigen–antigen D related (HLA‐DR), together with dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, mast cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils. Normal aortae were devoid of low‐density lipoprotein, macrophages, DCs, NK cells, mast cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Early, atherosclerotic lesions exhibited heterogeneous populations of (CD68+) macrophages, whereby 25% were double positive “M1” (CD68+/ inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]+/CD163−), 13% “M2” double positive (CD68+/iNOS−/CD163+), and 17% triple positive for (M1) iNOS (M2)/CD163 and CD68, with the remaining (≈40%) only stained for CD68. Progressive fibroatheromatous lesions, including vulnerable plaques, showed increasing numbers of NK cells and fascin‐positive cells mainly localized to the media and adventitia whereas the M1/M2 ratio and level of macrophage activation (HLA‐DR and neopterin) remained unchanged. On the contrary, stabilized (fibrotic) plaques showed a marked reduction in macrophages and cell activation with a concomitant decrease in NK cells, DCs, and neutrophils. Conclusions Macrophage “M1” and “M2” subsets, together with fascin‐positive DCs, are strongly associated with progressive and vulnerable atherosclerotic disease of human aorta. The observations here support a more complex theory of macrophage heterogeneity than the existing paradigm predicated on murine data and further indicate the involvement of (poorly defined) macrophage subtypes or greater dynamic range of macrophage plasticity than previously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier A van Dijk
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Rijs
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Wezel
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap F Hamming
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Alexander F Schaapherder
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H N Lindeman
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Department of Transplantation Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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McCarty MF, DiNicolantonio JJ. An increased need for dietary cysteine in support of glutathione synthesis may underlie the increased risk for mortality associated with low protein intake in the elderly. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:96. [PMID: 26362762 PMCID: PMC5005830 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9823-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Restricted dietary intakes of protein or essential amino acids tend to slow aging and boost lifespan in rodents, presumably because they downregulate IGF-I/Akt/mTORC1 signaling that acts as a pacesetter for aging and promotes cancer induction. A recent analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III cohort has revealed that relatively low protein intakes in mid-life (under 10 % of calories) are indeed associated with decreased subsequent risk for mortality. However, in those over 65 at baseline, such low protein intakes were associated with increased risk for mortality. This finding accords well with other epidemiology correlating relatively high protein intakes with lower risk for loss of lean mass and bone density in the elderly. Increased efficiency of protein translation reflecting increased leucine intake and consequent greater mTORC1 activity may play a role in this effect; however, at present there is little solid evidence that leucine supplementation provides important long-term benefits to the elderly. Aside from its potential pro-anabolic impact, higher dietary protein intakes may protect the elderly in another way-by providing increased amino acid substrate for synthesis of key protective factors. There is growing evidence, in both rodents and humans, that glutathione synthesis declines with increasing age, likely reflecting diminished function of Nrf2-dependent inductive mechanisms that boost expression of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), rate-limiting for glutathione synthesis. Intracellular glutathione blunts the negative impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on cell health and functions both by acting as an oxidant scavenger and by opposing the pro-inflammatory influence of hydrogen peroxide on cell signaling. Fortunately, since GCL's K m for cysteine is close to intracellular cysteine levels, increased intakes of cysteine-achieved from whole proteins or via supplementation with N-acetylcysteine (NAC)-can achieve a compensatory increase in glutathione synthesis, such that more youthful tissue levels of this compound can be restored. Supplementation with phase 2 inducers-such as lipoic acid-can likewise increase glutathione levels by promoting increased GCL expression. In aging humans and/or rodents, NAC supplementation has exerted favorable effects on vascular health, muscle strength, bone density, cell-mediated immunity, markers of systemic inflammation, preservation of cognitive function, progression of neurodegeneration, and the clinical course of influenza-effects which could be expected to lessen mortality and stave off frailty. Hence, greater cysteine availability may explain much of the favorable impact of higher protein intakes on mortality and frailty risk in the elderly, and joint supplementation with NAC and lipoic acid could be notably protective in the elderly, particularly in those who follow plant-based diets relatively low in protein. It is less clear whether the lower arginine intake associated with low-protein diets has an adverse impact on vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity, 7831 Rush Rose Dr., Apt. 316, Carlsbad, CA, 92009, USA.
| | - James J DiNicolantonio
- Preventive Cardiology Department, St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA.
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27
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Rubattu S, Marchitti S, Bianchi F, Di Castro S, Stanzione R, Cotugno M, Bozzao C, Sciarretta S, Volpe M. The C2238/αANP variant is a negative modulator of both viability and function of coronary artery smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113108. [PMID: 25401746 PMCID: PMC4234641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormalities of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contribute to development of vascular disease. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) exerts important effects on VSMCs. A common ANP molecular variant (T2238C/αANP) has recently emerged as a novel vascular risk factor. Objectives We aimed at identifying effects of CC2238/αANP on viability, migration and motility in coronary artery SMCs, and the underlying signaling pathways. Methods and Results Cells were exposed to either TT2238/αANP or CC2238/αANP. At the end of treatment, cell viability, migration and motility were evaluated, along with changes in oxidative stress pathway (ROS levels, NADPH and eNOS expression), on Akt phosphorylation and miR21 expression levels. CC2238/αANP reduced cell vitality, increased apoptosis and necrosis, increased oxidative stress levels, suppressed miR21 expression along with consistent changes of its molecular targets (PDCD4, PTEN, Bcl2) and of phosphorylated Akt levels. As a result of increased oxidative stress, CC2238/αANP markedly stimulated cell migration and increased cell contraction. NPR-C gene silencing with specific siRNAs restored cell viability, miR21 expression, and reduced oxidative stress induced by CC2238/αANP. The cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway, driven by NPR-C activation, significantly contributed to both miR21 and phosphoAkt reduction upon CC2238/αANP. miR21 overexpression by mimic-hsa-miR21 rescued the cellular damage dependent on CC2238/αANP. Conclusions CC2238/αANP negatively modulates viability through NPR-C/cAMP/PKA/CREB/miR21 signaling pathway, and it augments oxidative stress leading to increased migratory and vasoconstrictor effects in coronary artery SMCs. These novel findings further support a damaging role of this common αANP variant on vessel wall and its potential contribution to acute coronary events.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- C-Reactive Protein/genetics
- C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Coronary Vessels/drug effects
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
- Coronary Vessels/pathology
- Cyclic AMP/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/genetics
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Humans
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (Isernia), Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome, Ospedale S. Andrea, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cristina Bozzao
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome, Ospedale S. Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Volpe
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (Isernia), Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome, Ospedale S. Andrea, Rome, Italy
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Eirin A, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Mitochondrial injury and dysfunction in hypertension-induced cardiac damage. Eur Heart J 2014; 35:3258-66. [PMID: 25385092 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension remains an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Deciphering the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension is critical, as its prevalence continues increasing worldwide. Mitochondria, the primary cellular energy producers, are numerous in parenchymal cells of the heart, kidney, and brain, major target organs in hypertension. These membrane-bound organelles not only maintain cellular respiration but also modulate several functions of the cell including proliferation, apoptosis, generation of reactive oxygen species, and intracellular calcium homeostasis. Therefore, mitochondrial damage and dysfunction compromise overall cell functioning. In recent years, significant advances increased our understanding of mitochondrial morphology, bioenergetics, and homeostasis, and in turn of their role in several diseases, so that mitochondrial abnormalities and dysfunction have been identified in experimental models of hypertension. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the contribution of dysfunctional mitochondria to the pathophysiology of hypertension-induced cardiac damage, as well as available evidence of mitochondrial injury-induced damage in other organs. Finally, we discuss the capability of antihypertensive therapy to ameliorate hypertensive mitochondrial injury, and the potential position of mitochondria as therapeutic targets in patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian M Touyz
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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30
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Lou Y, Zhang G, Geng M, Zhang W, Cui J, Liu S. TIPE2 negatively regulates inflammation by switching arginine metabolism from nitric oxide synthase to arginase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96508. [PMID: 24806446 PMCID: PMC4013027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
TIPE2, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2), plays an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis. It is highly expressed in macrophages and negatively regulates inflammation through inhibiting Toll-like receptor signaling. In this paper, we utilized RAW264.7 cells stably transfected with a TIPE2 expression plasmid, as well as TIPE2-deficient macrophages to study the roles of TIPE2 in LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and urea production. The results showed that TIPE2-deficiency significantly upregulated the levels of iNOS expression and NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophages, but decreased mRNA levels of arginase I and urea production. However, TIPE2 overexpression in macrophages was capable of downregulating protein levels of LPS-induced iNOS and NO, but generated greater levels of arginase I and urea production. Furthermore, TIPE2−/− mice had higher iNOS protein levels in lung and liver and higher plasma NO concentrations, but lower levels of liver arginase I compared to LPS-treated WT controls. Interestingly, significant increases in IκB degradation and phosphorylation of JNK, p38, and IκB were observed in TIPE2-deficient macrophages following LPS challenge. These results strongly suggest that TIPE2 plays an important role in shifting L-arginase metabolism from production of NO to urea, during host inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Lou
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Ji'nan, P.R. China
| | - Guizhong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Ji'nan, P.R. China
| | - Minghong Geng
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Ji'nan, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Ji'nan, P.R. China
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Ji'nan, P.R. China
| | - Suxia Liu
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Ji'nan, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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