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Nakanishi-Koakutsu M, Miki K, Naka Y, Sasaki M, Wakimizu T, Napier SC, Okubo C, Narita M, Nishikawa M, Hata R, Chonabayashi K, Hotta A, Imahashi K, Nishimoto T, Yoshida Y. CD151 expression marks atrial- and ventricular- differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Commun Biol 2024; 7:231. [PMID: 38418926 PMCID: PMC10901864 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Current differentiation protocols for human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) produce heterogeneous cardiomyocytes (CMs). Although chamber-specific CM selection using cell surface antigens enhances biomedical applications, a cell surface marker that accurately distinguishes between hiPSC-derived atrial CMs (ACMs) and ventricular CMs (VCMs) has not yet been identified. We have developed an approach for obtaining functional hiPSC-ACMs and -VCMs based on CD151 expression. For ACM differentiation, we found that ACMs are enriched in the CD151low population and that CD151 expression is correlated with the expression of Notch4 and its ligands. Furthermore, Notch signaling inhibition followed by selecting the CD151low population during atrial differentiation leads to the highly efficient generation of ACMs as evidenced by gene expression and electrophysiology. In contrast, for VCM differentiation, VCMs exhibiting a ventricular-related gene signature and uniform action potentials are enriched in the CD151high population. Our findings enable the production of high-quality ACMs and VCMs appropriate for hiPSC-derived chamber-specific disease models and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Nakanishi-Koakutsu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kenji Miki
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
- Center for Organ Engineering, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuki Naka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masako Sasaki
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takayuki Wakimizu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Stephanie C Napier
- Takeda-CiRA Joint program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
- Global Advanced Platform, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Chikako Okubo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Megumi Narita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Misato Nishikawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Reo Hata
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Chonabayashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kenichi Imahashi
- Takeda-CiRA Joint program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
- Global Advanced Platform, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nishimoto
- Takeda-CiRA Joint program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
- Orizuru Therapeutics Incorporated, Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yoshida
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
- Takeda-CiRA Joint program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan.
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Rawat H, Kornherr J, Zawada D, Bakhshiyeva S, Kupatt C, Laugwitz KL, Bähr A, Dorn T, Moretti A, Nowak-Imialek M. Recapitulating porcine cardiac development in vitro: from expanded potential stem cell to embryo culture models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1111684. [PMID: 37261075 PMCID: PMC10227949 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1111684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) share many genetic, anatomical, and physiological traits with humans and therefore constitute an excellent preclinical animal model. Fundamental understanding of the cellular and molecular processes governing early porcine cardiogenesis is critical for developing advanced porcine models used for the study of heart diseases and new regenerative therapies. Here, we provide a detailed characterization of porcine cardiogenesis based on fetal porcine hearts at various developmental stages and cardiac cells derived from porcine expanded pluripotent stem cells (pEPSCs), i.e., stem cells having the potential to give rise to both embryonic and extraembryonic tissue. We notably demonstrate for the first time that pEPSCs can differentiate into cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs), functional cardiomyocytes (CMs), epicardial cells and epicardial-derived cells (EPDCs) in vitro. Furthermore, we present an enhanced system for whole-embryo culture which allows continuous ex utero development of porcine post-implantation embryos from the cardiac crescent stage (ED14) up to the cardiac looping (ED17) stage. These new techniques provide a versatile platform for studying porcine cardiac development and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilansi Rawat
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Kornherr
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dorota Zawada
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Bakhshiyeva
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Bähr
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tatjana Dorn
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Monika Nowak-Imialek
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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3
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Zhang F, Meier AB, Poch CM, Tian Q, Engelhardt S, Sinnecker D, Lipp P, Laugwitz KL, Moretti A, Dorn T. High-throughput optical action potential recordings in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes with a genetically encoded voltage indicator in the AAVS1 locus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1038867. [PMID: 36274846 PMCID: PMC9585323 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1038867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent an excellent in vitro model in cardiovascular research. Changes in their action potential (AP) dynamics convey information that is essential for disease modeling, drug screening and toxicity evaluation. High-throughput optical AP recordings utilizing intramolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) of the voltage-sensitive fluorescent protein (VSFP) have emerged as a substitute or complement to the resource-intensive patch clamp technique. Here, we functionally validated our recently generated voltage indicator hiPSC lines stably expressing CAG-promoter-driven VSFP in the AAVS1 safe harbor locus. By combining subtype-specific cardiomyocyte differentiation protocols, we established optical AP recordings in ventricular, atrial, and nodal CMs in 2D monolayers using fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, we achieved high-throughput optical AP measurements in single hiPSC-derived CMs in a 3D context. Overall, this system greatly expands the spectrum of possibilities for high-throughput, non-invasive and long-term AP analyses in cardiovascular research and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhang
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna B. Meier
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine M. Poch
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Qinghai Tian
- Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Sinnecker
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Lipp
- Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Moretti, ; Tatjana Dorn,
| | - Tatjana Dorn
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Moretti, ; Tatjana Dorn,
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Leowattana W, Leowattana T, Leowattana P. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-atrial-specific cardiomyocytes and atrial fibrillation. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:9588-9601. [PMID: 36186184 PMCID: PMC9516943 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i27.9588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-specific human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-aCMs) may be produced, genome-edited, and differentiated into multiple cell types for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, drug testing, toxicity screening, and three-dimensional tissue fabrication. There is presently no complete model of atrial fibrillation (AF) available for studying human pharmacological responses and evaluating the toxicity of potential medication candidates. It has been demonstrated that hiPSC-aCMs can replicate the electrophysiological disease phenotype and genotype of AF. The hiPSC-aCMs, however, are immature and do not reflect the maturity of aCMs in the native myocardium. Numerous laboratories utilize a variety of methodologies and procedures to improve and promote aCM maturation, including electrical stimulation, culture duration, biophysical signals, and changes in metabolic variables. This review covers the current methods being explored for use in the maturation of patient-specific hiPSC-aCMs and their application towards a personalized approach to the pharmacologic therapy of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattana Leowattana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tawithep Leowattana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Pathomthep Leowattana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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5
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Cumberland MJ, Riebel LL, Roy A, O’Shea C, Holmes AP, Denning C, Kirchhof P, Rodriguez B, Gehmlich K. Basic Research Approaches to Evaluate Cardiac Arrhythmia in Heart Failure and Beyond. Front Physiol 2022; 13:806366. [PMID: 35197863 PMCID: PMC8859441 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.806366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with heart failure often develop cardiac arrhythmias. The mechanisms and interrelations linking heart failure and arrhythmias are not fully understood. Historically, research into arrhythmias has been performed on affected individuals or in vivo (animal) models. The latter however is constrained by interspecies variation, demands to reduce animal experiments and cost. Recent developments in in vitro induced pluripotent stem cell technology and in silico modelling have expanded the number of models available for the evaluation of heart failure and arrhythmia. An agnostic approach, combining the modalities discussed here, has the potential to improve our understanding for appraising the pathology and interactions between heart failure and arrhythmia and can provide robust and validated outcomes in a variety of research settings. This review discusses the state of the art models, methodologies and techniques used in the evaluation of heart failure and arrhythmia and will highlight the benefits of using them in combination. Special consideration is paid to assessing the pivotal role calcium handling has in the development of heart failure and arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J. Cumberland
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Leto L. Riebel
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ashwin Roy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher O’Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Denning
- Stem Cell Biology Unit, Biodiscovery Institute, British Heart Foundation Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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6
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Bioengineering approaches to treat the failing heart: from cell biology to 3D printing. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:83-99. [PMID: 34453134 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Successfully engineering a functional, human, myocardial pump would represent a therapeutic alternative for the millions of patients with end-stage heart disease and provide an alternative to animal-based preclinical models. Although the field of cardiac tissue engineering has made tremendous advances, major challenges remain, which, if properly resolved, might allow the clinical implementation of engineered, functional, complex 3D structures in the future. In this Review, we provide an overview of state-of-the-art studies, challenges that have not yet been overcome and perspectives on cardiac tissue engineering. We begin with the most clinically relevant cell sources used in this field and discuss the use of topological, biophysical and metabolic stimuli to obtain mature phenotypes of cardiomyocytes, particularly in relation to organized cytoskeletal and contractile intracellular structures. We then move from the cellular level to engineering planar cardiac patches and discuss the need for proper vascularization and the main strategies for obtaining it. Finally, we provide an overview of several different approaches for the engineering of volumetric organs and organ parts - from whole-heart decellularization and recellularization to advanced 3D printing technologies.
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7
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MicroRNA-365 regulates human cardiac action potential duration. Nat Commun 2022; 13:220. [PMID: 35017523 PMCID: PMC8752767 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of ventricular action potential cause malignant cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Here, we aim to identify microRNAs that regulate the human cardiac action potential and ask whether their manipulation allows for therapeutic modulation of action potential abnormalities. Quantitative analysis of the microRNA targetomes in human cardiac myocytes identifies miR-365 as a primary microRNA to regulate repolarizing ion channels. Action potential recordings in patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes show that elevation of miR-365 significantly prolongs action potential duration in myocytes derived from a Short-QT syndrome patient, whereas specific inhibition of miR-365 normalizes pathologically prolonged action potential in Long-QT syndrome myocytes. Transcriptome analyses in these cells at bulk and single-cell level corroborate the key cardiac repolarizing channels as direct targets of miR-365, together with functionally synergistic regulation of additional action potential-regulating genes by this microRNA. Whole-cell patch-clamp experiments confirm miR-365-dependent regulation of repolarizing ionic current Iks. Finally, refractory period measurements in human myocardial slices substantiate the regulatory effect of miR-365 on action potential in adult human myocardial tissue. Our results delineate miR-365 to regulate human cardiac action potential duration by targeting key factors of cardiac repolarization.
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Van de Sande DV, Kopljar I, Maaike A, Teisman A, Gallacher DJ, Bart L, Snyders DJ, Leybaert L, Lu HR, Labro AJ. The resting membrane potential of hSC-CM in a syncytium is more hyperpolarised than that of isolated cells. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:239-252. [PMID: 33465001 PMCID: PMC7817136 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1871815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) and stem cell (hSC) derived cardiomyocytes (CM) are gaining popularity as in vitro model for cardiology and pharmacology studies. A remaining flaw of these cells, as shown by single-cell electrophysiological characterization, is a more depolarized resting membrane potential (RMP) compared to native CM. Most reports attribute this to a lower expression of the Kir2.1 potassium channel that generates the IK1 current. However, most RMP recordings are obtained from isolated hSC/hiPSC-CMs whereas in a more native setting these cells are interconnected with neighboring cells by connexin-based gap junctions, forming a syncytium. Hereby, these cells are electrically connected and the total pool of IK1 increases. Therefore, the input resistance (Ri) of interconnected cells is lower than that of isolated cells. During patch clamp experiments pipettes need to be well attached or sealed to the cell, which is reflected in the seal resistance (Rs), because a nonspecific ionic current can leak through this pipette-cell contact or seal and balance out small currents within the cell such as IK1. By recording the action potential of isolated hSC-CMs and that of hSC-CMs cultured in small monolayers, we show that the RMP of hSC-CMs in monolayer is approximately -20 mV more hyperpolarized compared to isolated cells. Accordingly, adding carbenoxolone, a connexin channel blocker, isolates the cell that is patch clamped from its neighboring cells of the monolayer and depolarizes the RMP. The presented data show that the recorded RMP of hSC-CMs in a syncytium is more negative than that determined from isolated hSC/hiPSC-CMs, most likely because the active pool of Kir2.1 channels increased.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Kopljar
- Global Safety Pharmacology, Non-Clinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Alaerts Maaike
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ard Teisman
- Global Safety Pharmacology, Non-Clinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium
| | - David J. Gallacher
- Global Safety Pharmacology, Non-Clinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Loeys Bart
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dirk J. Snyders
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hua Rong Lu
- Global Safety Pharmacology, Non-Clinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Alain J. Labro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Ovechkina VS, Zakian SM, Medvedev SP, Valetdinova KR. Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Biosensors for Biomedical Applications. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111528. [PMID: 34829757 PMCID: PMC8615007 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges of modern biology and medicine is to visualize biomolecules in their natural environment, in real-time and in a non-invasive fashion, so as to gain insight into their physiological behavior and highlight alterations in pathological settings, which will enable to devise appropriate therapeutic strategies. Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors constitute a class of imaging agents that enable visualization of biological processes and events directly in situ, preserving the native biological context and providing detailed insight into their localization and dynamics in cells. Real-time monitoring of drug action in a specific cellular compartment, organ, or tissue type; the ability to screen at the single-cell resolution; and the elimination of false-positive results caused by low drug bioavailability that is not detected by in vitro testing methods are a few of the obvious benefits of using genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors in drug screening. This review summarizes results of the studies that have been conducted in the last years toward the fabrication of genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors for biomedical applications with a comprehensive discussion on the challenges, future trends, and potential inputs needed for improving them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S. Ovechkina
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.S.O.); (S.M.Z.); (S.P.M.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Suren M. Zakian
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.S.O.); (S.M.Z.); (S.P.M.)
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey P. Medvedev
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.S.O.); (S.M.Z.); (S.P.M.)
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kamila R. Valetdinova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.S.O.); (S.M.Z.); (S.P.M.)
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
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10
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Characterization of Ventricular and Atrial Cardiomyocyte Subtypes from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34302655 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1484-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are expected to be used in regenerative therapies and drug discovery for heart failure. hiPSC-CMs are a mixture of mainly ventricular CMs (VCMs) and also of atrial CMs (ACMs) and pacemaker cells. Here we describe a method to enrich VCM and ACM differentiation and to characterize these subtypes by gene expression analysis using qRT-PCR and by electrophysiological properties using the patch-clamp method. The differentiated VCMs and ACMs highly express VCM and ACM marker genes, respectively. Furthermore, both subtypes show specific properties of action potentials.
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11
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Isolation of Cardiomyocytes Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using miRNA Switches. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34302646 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1484-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The most common method for isolating cells of interest is an antibody method that recognizes cell surface antigens. However, specific surface antigens for many cell types have not been identified. We have developed the microRNA (miRNA)-responsive synthetic mRNA systems (miRNA switches), which isolate target cells based on endogenous miRNA activity. In this chapter, we describe protocols for isolating human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes using miRNA switches with or without cell sorting.
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Microelectrode Arrays: A Valuable Tool to Analyze Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77052-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Potekhina ES, Bass DY, Kelmanson IV, Fetisova ES, Ivanenko AV, Belousov VV, Bilan DS. Drug Screening with Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Sensors: Today and Tomorrow. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E148. [PMID: 33375682 PMCID: PMC7794770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically-encoded fluorescent sensors have been actively developed over the last few decades and used in live imaging and drug screening. Real-time monitoring of drug action in a specific cellular compartment, organ, or tissue type; the ability to screen at the single-cell resolution; and the elimination of false-positive results caused by low drug bioavailability that is not detected by in vitro testing methods are a few of the obvious benefits of using genetically-encoded fluorescent sensors in drug screening. In combination with high-throughput screening (HTS), some genetically-encoded fluorescent sensors may provide high reproducibility and robustness to assays. We provide a brief overview of successful, perspective, and hopeful attempts at using genetically encoded fluorescent sensors in HTS of modulators of ion channels, Ca2+ homeostasis, GPCR activity, and for screening cytotoxic, anticancer, and anti-parasitic compounds. We discuss the advantages of sensors in whole organism drug screening models and the perspectives of the combination of human disease modeling by CRISPR techniques with genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S. Potekhina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.Y.B.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (A.V.I.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dina Y. Bass
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.Y.B.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (A.V.I.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V. Kelmanson
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.Y.B.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (A.V.I.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena S. Fetisova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.Y.B.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (A.V.I.); (V.V.B.)
| | - Alexander V. Ivanenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.Y.B.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (A.V.I.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V. Belousov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.Y.B.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (A.V.I.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Bilan
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.Y.B.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (A.V.I.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Sontayananon N, Redwood C, Davies B, Gehmlich K. Fluorescent PSC-Derived Cardiomyocyte Reporter Lines: Generation Approaches and Their Applications in Cardiovascular Medicine. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110402. [PMID: 33207727 PMCID: PMC7697758 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances have made pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived cardiomyocytes an attractive option to model both normal and diseased cardiac function at the single-cell level. However, in vitro differentiation yields heterogeneous populations of cardiomyocytes and other cell types, potentially confounding phenotypic analyses. Fluorescent PSC-derived cardiomyocyte reporter systems allow specific cell lineages to be labelled, facilitating cell isolation for downstream applications including drug testing, disease modelling and cardiac regeneration. In this review, the different genetic strategies used to generate such reporter lines are presented with an emphasis on their relative technical advantages and disadvantages. Next, we explore how the fluorescent reporter lines have provided insights into cardiac development and cardiomyocyte physiology. Finally, we discuss how exciting new approaches using PSC-derived cardiomyocyte reporter lines are contributing to progress in cardiac cell therapy with respect to both graft adaptation and clinical safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeramit Sontayananon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (N.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Charles Redwood
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (N.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Correspondence: (B.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (N.S.); (C.R.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Correspondence: (B.D.); (K.G.)
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15
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van Gorp PRR, Trines SA, Pijnappels DA, de Vries AAF. Multicellular In vitro Models of Cardiac Arrhythmias: Focus on Atrial Fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:43. [PMID: 32296716 PMCID: PMC7138102 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice with a large socioeconomic impact due to its associated morbidity, mortality, reduction in quality of life and health care costs. Currently, antiarrhythmic drug therapy is the first line of treatment for most symptomatic AF patients, despite its limited efficacy, the risk of inducing potentially life-threating ventricular tachyarrhythmias as well as other side effects. Alternative, in-hospital treatment modalities consisting of electrical cardioversion and invasive catheter ablation improve patients' symptoms, but often have to be repeated and are still associated with serious complications and only suitable for specific subgroups of AF patients. The development and progression of AF generally results from the interplay of multiple disease pathways and is accompanied by structural and functional (e.g., electrical) tissue remodeling. Rational development of novel treatment modalities for AF, with its many different etiologies, requires a comprehensive insight into the complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Monolayers of atrial cells represent a simplified surrogate of atrial tissue well-suited to investigate atrial arrhythmia mechanisms, since they can easily be used in a standardized, systematic and controllable manner to study the role of specific pathways and processes in the genesis, perpetuation and termination of atrial arrhythmias. In this review, we provide an overview of the currently available two- and three-dimensional multicellular in vitro systems for investigating the initiation, maintenance and termination of atrial arrhythmias and AF. This encompasses cultures of primary (animal-derived) atrial cardiomyocytes (CMs), pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial-like CMs and (conditionally) immortalized atrial CMs. The strengths and weaknesses of each of these model systems for studying atrial arrhythmias will be discussed as well as their implications for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim R R van Gorp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Serge A Trines
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Daniël A Pijnappels
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Antoine A F de Vries
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Van de Sande DV, Kopljar I, Teisman A, Gallacher DJ, Snyders DJ, Lu HR, Labro AJ. Pharmacological Profile of the Sodium Current in Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Compares to Heterologous Nav1.5+β1 Model. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1374. [PMID: 31920633 PMCID: PMC6917651 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac Nav1.5 mediated sodium current (INa) generates the upstroke of the action potential in atrial and ventricular myocytes. Drugs that modulate this current can therefore be antiarrhythmic or proarrhythmic, which requires preclinical evaluation of their potential drug-induced inhibition or modulation of Nav1.5. Since Nav1.5 assembles with, and is modulated by, the auxiliary β1-subunit, this subunit can also affect the channel’s pharmacological response. To investigate this, the effect of known Nav1.5 inhibitors was compared between COS-7 cells expressing Nav1.5 or Nav1.5+β1 using whole-cell voltage clamp experiments. For the open state class Ia blockers ajmaline and quinidine, and class Ic drug flecainide, the affinity did not differ between both models. For class Ib drugs phenytoin and lidocaine, which are inactivated state blockers, the affinity decreased more than a twofold when β1 was present. Thus, β1 did not influence the affinity for the class Ia and Ic compounds but it did so for the class Ib drugs. Human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hSC-CMs) are a promising translational cell source for in vitro models that express a representative repertoire of channels and auxiliary proteins, including β1. Therefore, we subsequently evaluated the same drugs for their response on the INa in hSC-CMs. Consequently, it was expected and confirmed that the drug response of INa in hSC-CMs compares best to INa expressed by Nav1.5+β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter V Van de Sande
- Laboratory of Molecular, Cellular, and Network Excitability, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ivan Kopljar
- Laboratory of Molecular, Cellular, and Network Excitability, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Global Safety Pharmacology, Non-Clinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ard Teisman
- Global Safety Pharmacology, Non-Clinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium
| | - David J Gallacher
- Global Safety Pharmacology, Non-Clinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Dirk J Snyders
- Laboratory of Molecular, Cellular, and Network Excitability, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hua Rong Lu
- Global Safety Pharmacology, Non-Clinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Alain J Labro
- Laboratory of Molecular, Cellular, and Network Excitability, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Hoff K, Lemme M, Kahlert AK, Runde K, Audain E, Schuster D, Scheewe J, Attmann T, Pickardt T, Caliebe A, Siebert R, Kramer HH, Milting H, Hansen A, Ammerpohl O, Hitz MP. DNA methylation profiling allows for characterization of atrial and ventricular cardiac tissues and hiPSC-CMs. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:89. [PMID: 31186048 PMCID: PMC6560887 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac disease modelling using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) requires thorough insight into cardiac cell type differentiation processes. However, current methods to discriminate different cardiac cell types are mostly time-consuming, are costly and often provide imprecise phenotypic evaluation. DNA methylation plays a critical role during early heart development and cardiac cellular specification. We therefore investigated the DNA methylation pattern in different cardiac tissues to identify CpG loci for further cardiac cell type characterization. Results An array-based genome-wide DNA methylation analysis using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips led to the identification of 168 differentially methylated CpG loci in atrial and ventricular human heart tissue samples (n = 49) from different patients with congenital heart defects (CHD). Systematic evaluation of atrial-ventricular DNA methylation pattern in cardiac tissues in an independent sample cohort of non-failing donor hearts and cardiac patients using bisulfite pyrosequencing helped us to define a subset of 16 differentially methylated CpG loci enabling precise characterization of human atrial and ventricular cardiac tissue samples. This defined set of reproducible cardiac tissue-specific DNA methylation sites allowed us to consistently detect the cellular identity of hiPSC-CM subtypes. Conclusion Testing DNA methylation of only a small set of defined CpG sites thus makes it possible to distinguish atrial and ventricular cardiac tissues and cardiac atrial and ventricular subtypes of hiPSC-CMs. This method represents a rapid and reliable system for phenotypic characterization of in vitro-generated cardiomyocytes and opens new opportunities for cardiovascular research and patient-specific therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0679-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Hoff
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marta Lemme
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Karin Kahlert
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Genetics, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kerstin Runde
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Enrique Audain
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dorit Schuster
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jens Scheewe
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Attmann
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Pickardt
- National Register for Congenital Heart Defects, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany.,Competence Network for Congenital Heart Defects, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Almuth Caliebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans-Heiner Kramer
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ole Ammerpohl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc-Phillip Hitz
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany. .,Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. .,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
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Biendarra-Tiegs SM, Li X, Ye D, Brandt EB, Ackerman MJ, Nelson TJ. Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing and Optical Electrophysiology of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Reveal Discordance Between Cardiac Subtype-Associated Gene Expression Patterns and Electrophysiological Phenotypes. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:659-673. [PMID: 30892143 PMCID: PMC6534093 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to accurately phenotype cells differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is essential for their application in modeling developmental and disease processes, yet also poses a particular challenge without the context of anatomical location. Our specific objective was to determine if single-cell gene expression was sufficient to predict the electrophysiology of iPSC-derived cardiac lineages, to evaluate the concordance between molecular and functional surrogate markers. To this end, we used the genetically encoded voltage indicator ArcLight to profile hundreds of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), thus identifying patterns of electrophysiological maturation and increased prevalence of cells with atrial-like action potentials (APs) between days 11 and 42 of differentiation. To profile expression patterns of cardiomyocyte subtype-associated genes, single-cell RNA-seq was performed at days 12 and 40 after the populations were fully characterized with the high-throughput ArcLight platform. Although we could detect global gene expression changes supporting progressive differentiation, individual cellular expression patterns alone were not able to delineate the individual cardiomyocytes into atrial, ventricular, or nodal subtypes as functionally documented by electrophysiology measurements. Furthermore, our efforts to understand the distinct electrophysiological properties associated with day 12 versus day 40 hiPSC-CMs revealed that ion channel regulators SLMAP, FGF12, and FHL1 were the most significantly increased genes at day 40, categorized by electrophysiology-related gene functions. Notably, FHL1 knockdown during differentiation was sufficient to significantly modulate APs toward ventricular-like electrophysiology. Thus, our results establish the inability of subtype-associated gene expression patterns to specifically categorize hiPSC-derived cells according to their functional electrophysiology, and yet, altered FHL1 expression is able to redirect electrophysiological maturation of these developing cells. Therefore, noncanonical gene expression patterns of cardiac maturation may be sufficient to direct functional maturation of cardiomyocytes, with canonical gene expression patterns being insufficient to temporally define cardiac subtypes of in vitro differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri M Biendarra-Tiegs
- 1 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,2 Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xing Li
- 2 Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,3 Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Dan Ye
- 4 Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Emma B Brandt
- 1 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,2 Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- 4 Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,5 Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,6 Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Timothy J Nelson
- 1 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,2 Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,5 Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,6 Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,7 Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Rostovskaya M, Stirparo GG, Smith A. Capacitation of human naïve pluripotent stem cells for multi-lineage differentiation. Development 2019; 146:dev172916. [PMID: 30944104 PMCID: PMC6467473 DOI: 10.1242/dev.172916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human naïve pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) share features with the pre-implantation epiblast. They therefore provide an unmatched opportunity for characterising the developmental programme of pluripotency in Homo sapiens Here, we confirm that naïve PSCs do not respond directly to germ layer induction, but must first acquire competence. Capacitation for multi-lineage differentiation occurs without exogenous growth factor stimulation and is facilitated by inhibition of Wnt signalling. Whole-transcriptome profiling during this formative transition highlights dynamic changes in gene expression, which affect many cellular properties including metabolism and epithelial features. Notably, naïve pluripotency factors are exchanged for postimplantation factors, but competent cells remain devoid of lineage-specific transcription. The gradual pace of transition for human naïve PSCs is consistent with the timespan of primate development from blastocyst to gastrulation. Transcriptome trajectory during in vitro capacitation of human naïve cells tracks the progression of the epiblast during embryogenesis in Macaca fascicularis, but shows greater divergence from mouse development. Thus, the formative transition of naïve PSCs in a simple culture system may recapitulate essential and specific features of pluripotency dynamics during an inaccessible period of human embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rostovskaya
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QR, United Kingdom
| | - Giuliano G Stirparo
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QR, United Kingdom
| | - Austin Smith
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QR, United Kingdom
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Addressing Variability and Heterogeneity of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1212:1-29. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Optical Recording of Action Potentials in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Single Cells and Monolayers Generated from Long QT Syndrome Type 1 Patients. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7532657. [PMID: 30956674 PMCID: PMC6431403 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7532657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from type 1 long QT (LQT1) patients can differentiate into cardiomyocytes (CMs) including ventricular cells to recapitulate the disease phenotype. Although optical recordings using membrane potential dyes to monitor action potentials (APs) were reported, no study has investigated the disease phenotypes of cardiac channelopathy in association with the cardiac subtype at the single-cell level. We induced iPSC-CMs from three control and three LQT1 patients. Single-cell analysis using a fast-responding dye confirmed that ventricular cells were the dominant subtype (control-iPSC-CMs: 98%, 88%, 91%; LQT1-iPSC-CMs: 95%, 79%, 92%). In addition, LQT1-iPSC-ventricular cells displayed an increased frequency of early afterdepolarizations (pvalue = 0.031). Cardiomyocyte monolayers constituted mostly of ventricular cells derived from LQT1-iPSCs showed prolonged AP duration (APD) (pvalue = 0.000096). High-throughput assays using cardiomyocyte monolayers in 96-well plates demonstrated that IKr inhibitors prolonged APDs in both control- and LQT1-iPSC-CM monolayers. We confirmed that the optical recordings of APs in single cells and monolayers derived from control- and LQT1-iPSC-CMs can be used to assess arrhythmogenicity, supporting the feasibility of membrane potential dye-based high-throughput screening to study ventricular arrhythmias caused by genetic channelopathy or cardiotoxic drugs.
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Yoo J, Kohlbrenner E, Kim O, Hajjar RJ, Jeong D. Enhancing atrial-specific gene expression using a calsequestrin cis-regulatory module 4 with a sarcolipin promoter. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3060. [PMID: 30393908 PMCID: PMC6519042 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac gene therapy using the adeno‐associated virus serotype 9 vector is widely used because of its efficient transduction. However, the promoters used to drive expression often cause off‐target localization. To overcome this, studies have applied cardiac‐specific promoters, although expression is debilitated compared to that of ubiquitous promoters. To address these issues in the context of atrial‐specific gene expression, an enhancer calsequestrin cis‐regulatory module 4 (CRM4) and the highly atrial‐specific promoter sarcolipin were combined to enhance expression and minimize off tissue expression. Methods To observe expression and bio‐distribution, constructs were generated using two different reporter genes: luciferase and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The ubiquitous cytomegalovirus (CMV), sarcolipin (SLN) and CRM4 combined with sarcolipin (CRM4.SLN) were compared and analyzed using the luciferase assay, western blotting, a quantitative polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence imaging. Results The CMV promoter containing vectors showed the strongest expression in vitro and in vivo. However, the module SLN combination showed enhanced atrial expression and a minimized off‐target effect even when compared with the individual SLN promoter. Conclusions For gene therapy involving atrial gene transfer, the CRM4.SLN combination is a promising alternative to the use of the CMV promoter. CRM4.SLN had significant atrial expression and minimized extra‐atrial expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimeen Yoo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erik Kohlbrenner
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Okkil Kim
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dongtak Jeong
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Large-Scale Simulation of the Phenotypical Variability Induced by Loss-of-Function Long QT Mutations in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113583. [PMID: 30428582 PMCID: PMC6274824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function long QT (LQT) mutations inducing LQT1 and LQT2 syndromes have been successfully translated to human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) used as disease-specific models. However, their in vitro investigation mainly relies on experiments using small numbers of cells. This is especially critical when working with cells as heterogeneous as hiPSC-CMs. We aim (i) to investigate in silico the ionic mechanisms underlying LQT1 and LQT2 hiPSC-CM phenotypic variability, and (ii) to enable massive in silico drug tests on mutant hiPSC-CMs. We combined (i) data of control and mutant slow and rapid delayed rectifying K+ currents, IKr and IKs respectively, (ii) a recent in silico hiPSC-CM model, and (iii) the population of models paradigm to generate control and mutant populations for LQT1 and LQT2 cardiomyocytes. Our four populations contain from 1008 to 3584 models. In line with the experimental in vitro data, mutant in silico hiPSC-CMs showed prolonged action potential (AP) duration (LQT1: +14%, LQT2: +39%) and large electrophysiological variability. Finally, the mutant populations were split into normal-like hiPSC-CMs (with action potential duration similar to control) and at risk hiPSC-CMs (with clearly prolonged action potential duration). At risk mutant hiPSC-CMs carried higher expression of L-type Ca2+, lower expression of IKr and increased sensitivity to quinidine as compared to mutant normal-like hiPSC-CMs, resulting in AP abnormalities. In conclusion, we were able to reproduce the two most common LQT syndromes with large-scale simulations, which enable investigating biophysical mechanisms difficult to assess in vitro, e.g., how variations of ion current expressions in a physiological range can impact on AP properties of mutant hiPSC-CMs.
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24
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Lemme M, Ulmer BM, Lemoine MD, Zech ATL, Flenner F, Ravens U, Reichenspurner H, Rol-Garcia M, Smith G, Hansen A, Christ T, Eschenhagen T. Atrial-like Engineered Heart Tissue: An In Vitro Model of the Human Atrium. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:1378-1390. [PMID: 30416051 PMCID: PMC6294072 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes (CMs) generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are under investigation for their suitability as human models in preclinical drug development. Antiarrhythmic drug development focuses on atrial biology for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Here we used recent retinoic acid-based protocols to generate atrial CMs from hiPSCs and establish right atrial engineered heart tissue (RA-EHT) as a 3D model of human atrium. EHT from standard protocol-derived hiPSC-CMs (Ctrl-EHT) and intact human muscle strips served as comparators. RA-EHT exhibited higher mRNA and protein concentrations of atrial-selective markers, faster contraction kinetics, lower force generation, shorter action potential duration, and higher repolarization fraction than Ctrl-EHTs. In addition, RA-EHTs but not Ctrl-EHTs responded to pharmacological manipulation of atrial-selective potassium currents. RA- and Ctrl-EHTs’ behavior reflected differences between human atrial and ventricular muscle preparations. Taken together, RA-EHT is a model of human atrium that may be useful in preclinical drug screening. Retinoic acid induced differentiation of hiPSCs into atrial-like myocytes 3D engineered heart tissue format favored atrial specificity compared with 2D culture Atrial-like engineered heart tissue can be used as a model of human atrium
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lemme
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Clyde Biosciences Ltd, BioCity Scotland, Bo'Ness Road, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5UH, UK
| | - Bärbel M Ulmer
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc D Lemoine
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, University Heart Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonia T L Zech
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Flenner
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Ravens
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hermann Reichenspurner
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Rol-Garcia
- Clyde Biosciences Ltd, BioCity Scotland, Bo'Ness Road, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5UH, UK
| | - Godfrey Smith
- Clyde Biosciences Ltd, BioCity Scotland, Bo'Ness Road, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5UH, UK
| | - Arne Hansen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Christ
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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25
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Goedel A, Zawada DM, Zhang F, Chen Z, Moretti A, Sinnecker D. Subtype-specific Optical Action Potential Recordings in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Ventricular Cardiomyocytes. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30320759 DOI: 10.3791/58134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) are an emerging tool in cardiovascular research. Rather than being a homogenous population of cells, the iPSC-CMs generated by current differentiation protocols represent a mixture of cells with ventricular-, atrial-, and nodal-like phenotypes, which complicates phenotypic analyses. Here, a method to optically record action potentials specifically from ventricular-like iPSC-CMs is presented. This is achieved by lentiviral transduction with a construct in which a genetically-encoded voltage indicator is under the control of a ventricular-specific promoter element. When iPSC-CMs are transduced with this construct, the voltage sensor is expressed exclusively in ventricular-like cells, enabling subtype-specific optical membrane potential recordings using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Goedel
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance
| | - Dorota M Zawada
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich
| | - Zhifen Chen
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance
| | - Daniel Sinnecker
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance;
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26
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Cyganek L, Tiburcy M, Sekeres K, Gerstenberg K, Bohnenberger H, Lenz C, Henze S, Stauske M, Salinas G, Zimmermann WH, Hasenfuss G, Guan K. Deep phenotyping of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99941. [PMID: 29925689 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of homogeneous populations of subtype-specific cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their comprehensive phenotyping is crucial for a better understanding of the subtype-related disease mechanisms and as tools for the development of chamber-specific drugs. The goals of this study were to apply a simple and efficient method for differentiation of iPSCs into defined functional CM subtypes in feeder-free conditions and to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the molecular, cell biological, and functional properties of atrial and ventricular iPSC-CMs on both the single-cell and engineered heart muscle (EHM) level. By a stage-specific activation of retinoic acid signaling in monolayer-based and well-defined culture, we showed that cardiac progenitors can be directed towards a highly homogeneous population of atrial CMs. By combining the transcriptome and proteome profiling of the iPSC-CM subtypes with functional characterizations via optical action potential and calcium imaging, and with contractile analyses in EHM, we demonstrated that atrial and ventricular iPSC-CMs and -EHM highly correspond to the atrial and ventricular heart muscle, respectively. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the molecular and functional identities characteristic of atrial and ventricular iPSC-CMs and -EHM and supports their suitability in disease modeling and chamber-specific drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Cyganek
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Malte Tiburcy
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, UMG, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karolina Sekeres
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kathleen Gerstenberg
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Christof Lenz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, UMG, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Henze
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Stauske
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- Transcriptome and Genome Analysis Laboratory Core Unit, UMG, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, UMG, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kaomei Guan
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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27
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Brandão KO, Tabel VA, Atsma DE, Mummery CL, Davis RP. Human pluripotent stem cell models of cardiac disease: from mechanisms to therapies. Dis Model Mech 2018; 10:1039-1059. [PMID: 28883014 PMCID: PMC5611968 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.030320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now a decade since human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were first described. The reprogramming of adult somatic cells to a pluripotent state has become a robust technology that has revolutionised our ability to study human diseases. Crucially, these cells capture all the genetic aspects of the patient from which they were derived. Combined with advances in generating the different cell types present in the human heart, this has opened up new avenues to study cardiac disease in humans and investigate novel therapeutic approaches to treat these pathologies. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of the field regarding the generation of cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells and methods to assess them functionally, an essential requirement when investigating disease and therapeutic outcomes. We critically evaluate whether treatments suggested by these in vitro models could be translated to clinical practice. Finally, we consider current shortcomings of these models and propose methods by which they could be further improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina O Brandão
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Viola A Tabel
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe E Atsma
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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28
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Shaheen N, Shiti A, Huber I, Shinnawi R, Arbel G, Gepstein A, Setter N, Goldfracht I, Gruber A, Chorna SV, Gepstein L. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Cell Sheets Expressing Genetically Encoded Voltage Indicator for Pharmacological and Arrhythmia Studies. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1879-1894. [PMID: 29754959 PMCID: PMC5989818 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fulfilling the potential of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes for studying conduction and arrhythmogenesis requires development of multicellular models and methods for long-term repeated tissue phenotyping. We generated confluent hiPSC-derived cardiac cell sheets (hiPSC-CCSs), expressing the genetically encoded voltage indicator ArcLight. ArcLight-based optical mapping allowed generation of activation and action-potential duration (APD) maps, which were validated by mapping the same hiPSC-CCSs with the voltage-sensitive dye, Di-4-ANBDQBS. ArcLight mapping allowed long-term assessment of electrical remodeling in the hiPSC-CCSs and evaluation of drug-induced conduction slowing (carbenoxolone, lidocaine, and quinidine) and APD prolongation (quinidine and dofetilide). The latter studies also enabled step-by-step depiction of drug-induced arrhythmogenesis ("torsades de pointes in the culture dish") and its prevention by MgSO4 and rapid pacing. Phase-mapping analysis allowed biophysical characterization of spiral waves induced in the hiPSC-CCSs and their termination by electrical cardioversion and overdrive pacing. In conclusion, ArcLight mapping of hiPSC-CCSs provides a powerful tool for drug testing and arrhythmia investigation. Optical mapping of hiPSC-derived cardiac cell sheets expressing ArcLight Evaluating effects of drugs and time (weeks) on conduction and APD Mapping drug-induced TdP and electrically induced spiral waves (rotors) Evaluating interventions aiming to prevent or terminate arrhythmias in the model
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Shaheen
- Sohnis Research Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, POB 9649, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Assad Shiti
- Sohnis Research Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, POB 9649, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Irit Huber
- Sohnis Research Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, POB 9649, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Rami Shinnawi
- Sohnis Research Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, POB 9649, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Gil Arbel
- Sohnis Research Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, POB 9649, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Amira Gepstein
- Sohnis Research Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, POB 9649, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Noga Setter
- Sohnis Research Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, POB 9649, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Idit Goldfracht
- Sohnis Research Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, POB 9649, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Amit Gruber
- Sohnis Research Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, POB 9649, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Snizhanna V Chorna
- Sohnis Research Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, POB 9649, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Lior Gepstein
- Sohnis Research Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, POB 9649, Haifa 3109601, Israel; Cardiolology Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haliya Hashniya St 8, Haifa 3109601, Israel.
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29
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Applications of genetically engineered human pluripotent stem cell reporters in cardiac stem cell biology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 52:66-73. [PMID: 29579626 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The advent of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has benefited many fields, from regenerative medicine to disease modeling, with an especially profound effect in cardiac research. Coupled with other novel technologies in genome engineering, hPSCs offer a great opportunity to delineate human cardiac lineages, investigate inherited cardiovascular diseases, and assess the safety and efficacy of cell-based therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of methods for generating genetically engineered hPSC reporters and a succinct synopsis of a variety of hPSC reporters, with a particular focus on their applications in cardiac stem cell biology.
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30
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Genome Editing Redefines Precision Medicine in the Cardiovascular Field. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4136473. [PMID: 29731778 PMCID: PMC5872631 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4136473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome editing is a powerful tool to study the function of specific genes and proteins important for development or disease. Recent technologies, especially CRISPR/Cas9 which is characterized by convenient handling and high precision, revolutionized the field of genome editing. Such tools have enormous potential for basic science as well as for regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, there are still several hurdles that have to be overcome, but patient-tailored therapies, termed precision medicine, seem to be within reach. In this review, we focus on the achievements and limitations of genome editing in the cardiovascular field. We explore different areas of cardiac research and highlight the most important developments: (1) the potential of genome editing in human pluripotent stem cells in basic research for disease modelling, drug screening, or reprogramming approaches and (2) the potential and remaining challenges of genome editing for regenerative therapies. Finally, we discuss social and ethical implications of these new technologies.
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31
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Horváth A, Lemoine MD, Löser A, Mannhardt I, Flenner F, Uzun AU, Neuber C, Breckwoldt K, Hansen A, Girdauskas E, Reichenspurner H, Willems S, Jost N, Wettwer E, Eschenhagen T, Christ T. Low Resting Membrane Potential and Low Inward Rectifier Potassium Currents Are Not Inherent Features of hiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:822-833. [PMID: 29429959 PMCID: PMC5918194 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) cardiomyocytes (CMs) show less negative resting membrane potential (RMP), which is attributed to small inward rectifier currents (IK1). Here, IK1 was measured in hiPSC-CMs (proprietary and commercial cell line) cultured as monolayer (ML) or 3D engineered heart tissue (EHT) and, for direct comparison, in CMs from human right atrial (RA) and left ventricular (LV) tissue. RMP was measured in isolated cells and intact tissues. IK1 density in ML- and EHT-CMs from the proprietary line was similar to LV and RA, respectively. IK1 density in EHT-CMs from the commercial line was 2-fold smaller than in the proprietary line. RMP in EHT of both lines was similar to RA and LV. Repolarization fraction and IK,ACh response discriminated best between RA and LV and indicated predominantly ventricular phenotype in hiPSC-CMs/EHT. The data indicate that IK1 is not necessarily low in hiPSC-CMs, and technical issues may underlie low RMP in hiPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Horváth
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institut für Experimentelle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6721 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marc D Lemoine
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institut für Experimentelle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Löser
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institut für Experimentelle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingra Mannhardt
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institut für Experimentelle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Flenner
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institut für Experimentelle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ahmet Umur Uzun
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institut für Experimentelle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Neuber
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institut für Experimentelle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kaja Breckwoldt
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institut für Experimentelle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institut für Experimentelle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Evaldas Girdauskas
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Reichenspurner
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Willems
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Jost
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6721 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erich Wettwer
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institut für Experimentelle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Christ
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institut für Experimentelle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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32
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Dahlmann J, Awad G, Dolny C, Weinert S, Richter K, Fischer KD, Munsch T, Leßmann V, Volleth M, Zenker M, Chen Y, Merkl C, Schnieke A, Baraki H, Kutschka I, Kensah G. Generation of functional cardiomyocytes from rat embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells using feeder-free expansion and differentiation in suspension culture. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29513687 PMCID: PMC5841662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility to generate cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells in vitro has enormous significance for basic research, disease modeling, drug development and heart repair. The concept of heart muscle reconstruction has been studied and optimized in the rat model using rat primary cardiovascular cells or xenogeneic pluripotent stem cell derived-cardiomyocytes for years. However, the lack of rat pluripotent stem cells (rPSCs) and their cardiovascular derivatives prevented the establishment of an authentic clinically relevant syngeneic or allogeneic rat heart regeneration model. In this study, we comparatively explored the potential of recently available rat embryonic stem cells (rESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (riPSCs) as a source for cardiomyocytes (CMs). We developed feeder cell-free culture conditions facilitating the expansion of undifferentiated rPSCs and initiated cardiac differentiation by embryoid body (EB)-formation in agarose microwell arrays, which substituted the robust but labor-intensive hanging drop (HD) method. Ascorbic acid was identified as an efficient enhancer of cardiac differentiation in both rPSC types by significantly increasing the number of beating EBs (3.6 ± 1.6-fold for rESCs and 17.6 ± 3.2-fold for riPSCs). These optimizations resulted in a differentiation efficiency of up to 20% cTnTpos rPSC-derived CMs. CMs showed spontaneous contractions, expressed cardiac markers and had typical morphological features. Electrophysiology of riPSC-CMs revealed different cardiac subtypes and physiological responses to cardio-active drugs. In conclusion, we describe rPSCs as a robust source of CMs, which is a prerequisite for detailed preclinical studies of myocardial reconstruction in a physiologically and immunologically relevant small animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dahlmann
- Clinic of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - George Awad
- Clinic of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Dolny
- Clinic of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Weinert
- Clinic of Cardiology and Angiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karin Richter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Munsch
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Leßmann
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marianne Volleth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yaoyao Chen
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Merkl
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Hassina Baraki
- Clinic of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Kutschka
- Clinic of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - George Kensah
- Clinic of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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33
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Moreau A, Boutjdir M, Chahine M. Induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes: cardiac applications, opportunities, and challenges. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1108-1116. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases are the primary cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for 67% of deaths. One of the major challenges in developing new treatments is the lack of understanding of the exact underlying biological and molecular mechanisms. Chronic cardiovascular diseases are the single most common cause of death worldwide, and sudden deaths due to cardiac arrhythmias account for approximately 50% of all such cases. Traditional genetic screening for genes involved in cardiac disorders is labourious and frequently fails to detect the mutation that explains or causes the disorder. However, when mutations are identified, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from affected patients make it possible to address fundamental research questions directly relevant to human health. As such, hiPSC technology has recently been used to model human diseases and patient-specific hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) thus offer a unique opportunity to investigate potential disease-causing genetic variants in their natural environment. The purpose of this review is to present the current state of knowledge regarding hiPSC-CMs, including their potential, limitations, and challenges and to discuss future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Moreau
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Mohamed Boutjdir
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Mohamed Chahine
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1K 7P4, Canada
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Peischard S, Piccini I, Strutz-Seebohm N, Greber B, Seebohm G. From iPSC towards cardiac tissue-a road under construction. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1233-1243. [PMID: 28573409 PMCID: PMC5590027 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The possibility to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) opens the way to generate virtually all cell types of our human body. In combination with modern gene editing techniques like CRISPR/CAS, a new set of powerful tools becomes available for life science. Scientific fields like genotype and cell type-specific pharmacology, disease modeling, stem cell biology, and developmental biology have been dramatically fostered and their faces have been changed. However, as golden as the age of iPSC-derived cells and their manipulation has started, the shine begins to tarnish. Researchers face more and more practical problems intrinsic to the system. These problems are related to the specific culturing conditions which are not yet sufficient to mimic the natural environment of native stem cells differentiating towards adult cells. However, researchers work hard to uncover these factors. Here, we review a common standard approach to generate iPSCs and transduce these to iPSC cardiomyocytes. Further, we review recent achievements and discuss their current limitations and future perspectives. We are on track, but the road is still under construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Peischard
- Myocellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, IfGH, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ilaria Piccini
- Myocellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, IfGH, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Human Stem Cell Pluripotency Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, 44227, Münster, Germany
- Innovative Medizinische Forschung (IMF), Münster, Germany
| | - Nathalie Strutz-Seebohm
- Myocellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, IfGH, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Boris Greber
- Human Stem Cell Pluripotency Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, 44227, Münster, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Myocellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, IfGH, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Innovative Medizinische Forschung (IMF), Münster, Germany.
- Institut für Genetik von Herzerkrankungen (IfGH), Department für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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35
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Koopman CD, Zimmermann WH, Knöpfel T, de Boer TP. Cardiac optogenetics: using light to monitor cardiac physiology. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:56. [PMID: 28861604 PMCID: PMC5579185 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our current understanding of cardiac excitation and its coupling to contraction is largely based on ex vivo studies utilising fluorescent organic dyes to assess cardiac action potentials and signal transduction. Recent advances in optogenetic sensors open exciting new possibilities for cardiac research and allow us to answer research questions that cannot be addressed using the classic organic dyes. Especially thrilling is the possibility to use optogenetic sensors to record parameters of cardiac excitation and contraction in vivo. In addition, optogenetics provide a high spatial resolution, as sensors can be coupled to motifs and targeted to specific cell types and subcellular domains of the heart. In this review, we will give a comprehensive overview of relevant optogenetic sensors, how they can be utilised in cardiac research and how they have been applied in cardiac research up to now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte D Koopman
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, 3584CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfram H Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DHZK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Knöpfel
- Laboratory for Neuronal Circuit Dynamics, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Centre for Neurotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Teun P de Boer
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, 3584CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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36
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Pomeroy JE, Nguyen HX, Hoffman BD, Bursac N. Genetically Encoded Photoactuators and Photosensors for Characterization and Manipulation of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Theranostics 2017; 7:3539-3558. [PMID: 28912894 PMCID: PMC5596442 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of pluripotent stem cell biology has advanced considerably in the past four decades, but it has yet to deliver on the great promise of regenerative medicine. The slow progress can be mainly attributed to our incomplete understanding of the complex biologic processes regulating the dynamic developmental pathways from pluripotency to fully-differentiated states of functional somatic cells. Much of the difficulty arises from our lack of specific tools to query, or manipulate, the molecular scale circuitry on both single-cell and organismal levels. Fortunately, the last two decades of progress in the field of optogenetics have produced a variety of genetically encoded, light-mediated tools that enable visualization and control of the spatiotemporal regulation of cellular function. The merging of optogenetics and pluripotent stem cell biology could thus be an important step toward realization of the clinical potential of pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we have surveyed available genetically encoded photoactuators and photosensors, a rapidly expanding toolbox, with particular attention to those with utility for studying pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E. Pomeroy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Room 1427, Fitzpatrick CIEMAS, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hung X. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Room 1427, Fitzpatrick CIEMAS, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Brenton D. Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Room 1427, Fitzpatrick CIEMAS, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Room 1427, Fitzpatrick CIEMAS, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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37
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Kane C, Terracciano CMN. Concise Review: Criteria for Chamber-Specific Categorization of Human Cardiac Myocytes Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1881-1897. [PMID: 28577296 PMCID: PMC5575566 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (PSC‐CMs) have great potential application in almost all areas of cardiovascular research. A current major goal of the field is to build on the past success of differentiation strategies to produce CMs with the properties of those originating from the different chambers of the adult human heart. With no anatomical origin or developmental pathway to draw on, the question of how to judge the success of such approaches and assess the chamber specificity of PSC‐CMs has become increasingly important; commonly used methods have substantial limitations and are based on limited evidence to form such an assessment. In this article, we discuss the need for chamber‐specific PSC‐CMs in a number of areas as well as current approaches used to assess these cells on their likeness to those from different chambers of the heart. Furthermore, describing in detail the structural and functional features that distinguish the different chamber‐specific human adult cardiac myocytes, we propose an evidence‐based tool to aid investigators in the phenotypic characterization of differentiated PSC‐CMs. Stem Cells2017;35:1881–1897
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kane
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, BHF Centre for Regenerative Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cesare M N Terracciano
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, BHF Centre for Regenerative Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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38
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Non-invasive phenotyping and drug testing in single cardiomyocytes or beta-cells by calcium imaging and optogenetics. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174181. [PMID: 28379974 PMCID: PMC5381843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of drug induced electrical instability of the heart curtails development, and introduction, of potentially proarrhythmic drugs. This problem usually requires complimentary contact based approaches such as patch-clamp electrophysiology combined with field stimulation electrodes to observe and control the cell. This produces data with high signal to noise but requires direct physical contact generally preventing high-throughput, or prolonged, phenotyping of single cells or tissues. Combining genetically encoded optogenetic control and spectrally compatible calcium indicator tools into a single adenoviral vector allows the analogous capability for cell control with simultaneous cellular phenotyping without the need for contact. This combination can be applied to single rodent primary adult cardiomyocytes, and human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes, enabling contactless small molecule evaluation for inhibitors of sodium, potassium and calcium channels suggesting it may be useful for early toxicity work. In pancreatic beta-cells it reveals the effects of glucose and the KATP inhibitor gliclazide.
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39
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40
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Shukla P, Wu JC. Cardiac subtype characterization using all-optical action potential imaging. Eur Heart J 2017; 38:302-304. [PMID: 28182229 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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41
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Sala L, Yu Z, Ward-van Oostwaard D, van Veldhoven JP, Moretti A, Laugwitz KL, Mummery CL, IJzerman AP, Bellin M. A new hERG allosteric modulator rescues genetic and drug-induced long-QT syndrome phenotypes in cardiomyocytes from isogenic pairs of patient induced pluripotent stem cells. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:1065-81. [PMID: 27470144 PMCID: PMC5009811 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-QT syndrome (LQTS) is an arrhythmogenic disorder characterised by prolongation of the QT interval in the electrocardiogram, which can lead to sudden cardiac death. Pharmacological treatments are far from optimal for congenital forms of LQTS, while the acquired form, often triggered by drugs that (sometimes inadvertently) target the cardiac hERG channel, is still a challenge in drug development because of cardiotoxicity. Current experimental models in vitro fall short in predicting proarrhythmic properties of new drugs in humans. Here, we leveraged a series of isogenically matched, diseased and genetically engineered, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) from patients to test a novel hERG allosteric modulator for treating congenital LQTS, drug-induced LQTS or a combination of the two. By slowing IK r deactivation and positively shifting IK r inactivation, the small molecule LUF7346 effectively rescued all of these conditions, demonstrating in a human system that allosteric modulation of hERG may be useful as an approach to treat inherited and drug-induced LQTS Furthermore, our study provides experimental support of the value of isogenic pairs of patient hiPSC-CMs as platforms for testing drug sensitivities and performing safety pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Sala
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zhiyi Yu
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jacobus Pd van Veldhoven
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- I. Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- I. Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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