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Gary-Webb TL, Egnot NS, Nugroho A, Dubowitz T, Troxel WM. Changes in perceptions of neighborhood environment and Cardiometabolic outcomes in two predominantly African American neighborhoods. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:52. [PMID: 31937271 PMCID: PMC6961335 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-8119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Perceived neighborhood characteristics, including satisfaction with one’s neighborhood as a place to live, are associated with lower obesity rates and more favorable cardiovascular risk factor profiles. Yet, few studies have evaluated whether changes in perceived neighborhood characteristics over time may be associated with cardiometabolic health indicators. Methods Changes in perception of one’s neighborhood (2013–2016) were determined from a cohort of residents who lived in one of two low-income urban neighborhoods. Changes were categorized into the following: improvement vs. no change or worsening over the three-year time-period. Multivariable linear regression was used to measure the association between perceived improvement in each of the neighborhood characteristics with cardiometabolic outcomes (BMI, SBP, DBP, HbA1c, HDL-c) that were assessed in 2016, and compared with those who perceived no change or worsening of neighborhood characteristics. Models were adjusted for age, sex, income, education, marital status, physical function, neighborhood, and years spent in neighborhood. To examine potential sex differences, follow-up models were conducted and stratified by sex. Results Among the 622 individuals who remained in the same neighborhood during the time period, 93% were African American, 80% were female, and the mean age was 58 years. In covariate-adjusted models, those who perceived improvement in their neighborhood safety over the time period had a significantly higher BMI (kg/m2) than those who perceived no improvement or worsening (β = 1.5, p = 0.0162); however, perceived improvement in safety was also significantly associated with lower SBP (mmHg) (β = − 3.8, p = 0.0361). When results were stratified by sex, the relationship between improved perceived neighborhood safety and BMI was only evident in females. Conclusions These findings suggest that perceived neighborhood characteristics may impact cardiometabolic outcomes (BMI, SBP), but through differing pathways. This highlights the complexity of the associations between neighborhood characteristics and underscores the need for more longitudinal studies to confirm the associations with cardiometabolic health in African American populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L Gary-Webb
- Departments of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health 130 DeSoto St, Rm 6135 Public Health Building, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Natalie Suder Egnot
- Departments of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health 130 DeSoto St, Rm 6135 Public Health Building, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
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State-of-the-Science Review of Non-Chemical Stressors Found in a Child's Social Environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224417. [PMID: 31718056 PMCID: PMC6888402 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Children are exposed to chemical and non-chemical stressors from their built, natural, and social environments. Research is needed to advance our scientific understanding of non-chemical stressors, evaluate how they alter the biological response to a chemical stressor, and determine how they impact children’s health and well-being. To do this, we conducted a state-of-the-science review of non-chemical stressors found in a child’s social environment. Methods: Studies eligible for inclusion in this review were identified through a search of the peer-reviewed literature using PubMed and PsycINFO. Combinations of words associated with non-chemical stressors and children were used to form search strings. Filters were used to limit the search to studies published in peer-reviewed journals from 2000–2016 and written in English. Publications found using the search strings and filters went through two rounds of screening. Results: A total of 146 studies met the inclusion criteria. From these studies, 245 non-chemical stressors were evaluated. The non-chemical stressors were then organized into 13 general topic areas: acculturation, adverse childhood experiences, economic, education, family dynamics, food, greenspace, neighborhood, social, stress, urbanicity, violence, and other. Additional information on health outcomes, studies evaluating both chemical and non-chemical stressors, and animal studies are provided. This review provides evidence that non-chemical stressors found in a child’s social environment do influence their health and well-being in both beneficial (e.g., salutatory effects of greenspace and social support) and adverse (e.g., poor relationships between health and selected non-chemical stressors such as economics, educational attainment, exposure to violence, stress) ways. Conclusions: This literature review identified a paucity of studies addressing the combined effects of chemical and non-chemical stressors and children’s health and well-being. This literature review was further complicated by inconsistencies in terminology, methodologies, and the value of non-chemical stressor research in different scientific disciplines. Despite these limitations, this review showed the importance of considering non-chemical stressors from a child’s social environment when addressing children’s environmental health considerations.
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Waverijn G, Heijmans M, Groenewegen PP. Neighbourly support of people with chronic illness; is it related to neighbourhood social capital? Soc Sci Med 2016; 173:110-117. [PMID: 27951461 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The neighbourhood may provide resources for health. It is to date unknown whether people who live in neighbourhoods with more social capital have more access to practical and emotional support by neighbours, or whether this is a resource only available to those who are personally connected to people in their neighbourhood. We investigated whether support by neighbours of people with chronic illness was related to neighbourhood social capital and to individual neighbourhood connections. Furthermore, we investigated whether support received from neighbours by people with chronic illness differed according to demographic and disease characteristics. We collected data on support by neighbours and individual connections to neighbours among 2272 people with chronic illness in 2015. Data on neighbourhood social capital were collected among 69,336 people in 3425 neighbourhoods between May 2011 and September 2012. Neighbourhood social capital was estimated with ecometric measurements. We conducted multilevel regression analyses. People with chronic illness were more likely to receive practical and emotional support from neighbours if they had more individual connections to people in their neighbourhood. People with chronic illness were not more likely to receive practical and emotional support from neighbours if they lived in a neighbourhood with more social capital. People with chronic illness with moderate physical disabilities or with comorbidity, and people with chronic illness who lived together with their partner or children, were more likely to receive support from neighbours. To gain more insight into the benefits of neighbourhood social capital, it is necessary to differentiate between the resources only accessible through individual connections to people in the neighbourhood and resources provided through social capital on the neighbourhood level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeke Waverijn
- NIVEL, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Otterstraat 118 - 124, 3513, CR, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Monique Heijmans
- NIVEL, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Otterstraat 118 - 124, 3513, CR, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter P Groenewegen
- NIVEL, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Otterstraat 118 - 124, 3513, CR, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Utrecht University, Department of Sociology, Department of Human Geography, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584, CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Factors associated with risk for assisted living among community-dwelling older Japanese. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2016; 65:63-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Strange C, Bremner A, Fisher C, Howat P, Wood L. Mothers’ group participation: associations with social capital, social support and mental well-being. J Adv Nurs 2015; 72:85-98. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecily Strange
- School of Population Health; The University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Alexandra Bremner
- School of Population Health; The University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Colleen Fisher
- School of Population Health; The University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Peter Howat
- School of Public Health; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Lisa Wood
- School of Population Health; The University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
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Uphoff EP, Pickett KE, Crouch S, Small N, Wright J. Is ethnic density associated with health in a context of social disadvantage? Findings from the Born in Bradford cohort. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2015; 21:196-213. [PMID: 26169185 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2015.1047742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study we aimed to test the associations between area-level ethnic density and health for Pakistani and White British residents of Bradford, England. DESIGN The sample consisted of 8610 mothers and infant taking part in the Born in Bradford cohort. Ethnic density was measured as the percentage of Pakistani, White British or South Asian residents living in a Lower Super Output Area. Health outcomes included birth weight, preterm birth and smoking during pregnancy. Associations between ethnic density and health were tested in multilevel regression models, adjusted for individual covariates and area deprivation. RESULTS In the Pakistani sample, higher own ethnic density was associated with lower birth weight (β = -0.82, 95% CI: -1.63, -0.02), and higher South Asian density was associated with a lower probability of smoking during pregnancy (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.00). Pakistani women in areas with 50-70% South Asian residents were less likely to smoke than those living in areas with less than 10% South Asian residents (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.97). In the White British sample, neither birth weight nor preterm birth was associated with own ethnic density. The probability of smoking during pregnancy was lower in areas with 10-29.99% compared to <10% South Asian density (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.98). CONCLUSION In this sample, ethnic density was associated with lower odds of smoking during pregnancy but not with higher birth weight or lower odds of preterm birth. Possibly, high levels of social disadvantage inhibit positive effects of ethnic density on health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate E Pickett
- a Department of Health Sciences , University of York , York , UK
| | - Simon Crouch
- a Department of Health Sciences , University of York , York , UK
| | - Neil Small
- b Bradford Institute for Health Research (BIHR) , Bradford Royal Infirmary , Bradford , UK
| | - John Wright
- b Bradford Institute for Health Research (BIHR) , Bradford Royal Infirmary , Bradford , UK
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Wolfe MK, Groenewegen PP, Rijken M, de Vries S. Green space and changes in self-rated health among people with chronic illness. Eur J Public Health 2015; 24:640-2. [PMID: 25063830 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective study analyses change in self-rated health of chronically ill people in relation to green space in their living environment at baseline. Data on 1112 people in the Netherlands with one or more medically diagnosed chronic disease(s) were used. The percentage of green space was calculated for postal code area. Multilevel linear regression analysis was conducted. We found no relationship between green space and change in health; however, an unexpected relationship between social capital at baseline and health change was discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Wolfe
- 1 At the time of writing master student in Urban Geography at Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter P Groenewegen
- 2 NIVEL, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands3 Department of Human Geography, Department of Sociology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Rijken
- 2 NIVEL, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjerp de Vries
- 4 Alterra/Cultural Geography, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Posthumus AG, Schölmerich VLN, Steegers EAP, Kawachi I, Denktaş S. The association of ethnic minority density with late entry into antenatal care in the Netherlands. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122720. [PMID: 25856150 PMCID: PMC4391847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Netherlands, non-Western ethnic minority women make their first antenatal visit later than native Dutch women. Timely entry into antenatal care is important as it provides the opportunity for prenatal screening and the detection of risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this study we explored whether women's timely entry is influenced by their neighborhood. Moreover, we assessed whether ethnic minority density (the proportion of ethnic minorities in a neighborhood) influences Western and non-Western ethnic minority women's chances of timely entry into care differently. We hypothesized that ethnic minority density has a protective effect against non-Western women's late entry into care. Data on time of entry into care and other individual-level characteristics were obtained from the Netherlands Perinatal Registry (2000-2008; 97% of all pregnancies). We derived neighborhood-level data from three other national databases. We included 1,137,741 pregnancies of women who started care under supervision of a community midwife in 3422 neighborhoods. Multi-level logistic regression was used to assess the associations of individual and neighborhood-level determinants with entry into antenatal care before and after 14 weeks of gestation. We found that neighborhood characteristics influence timely entry above and beyond individual characteristics. Ethnic minority density was associated with a higher risk of late entry into antenatal care. However, our analysis showed that for non-Western women, living in high ethnic minority density areas is less detrimental to their risk of late entry than for Western women. This means that a higher proportion of ethnic minority residents has a protective effect on non-Western women's chances of timely entry into care. Our results suggest that strategies to improve timely entry into care could seek to create change at the neighborhood level in order to target individuals likely of entering care too late.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke G. Posthumus
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Vera L. N. Schölmerich
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- VU University Amsterdam, Department of Organization Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric A. P. Steegers
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Semiha Denktaş
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Chen X, Wang P, Wegner R, Gong J, Fang X, Kaljee L. Measuring Social Capital Investment: Scale Development and Examination of Links to Social Capital and Perceived Stress. SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH 2015; 120:669-687. [PMID: 25648725 PMCID: PMC4310564 DOI: 10.1007/s11205-014-0611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with greater social capital have better health outcomes. Investment in social capital likely increases one's own social capital, bearing great implications for disease prevention and health promotion. In this study, the authors developed and validated the Social Capital Investment Inventory (SCII). Direct effects of social capital investment on perceived stress, and indirect effects through social capital were examined. 397 Participants from Beijing and Wuhan, China completed surveys. Analyses demonstrated that the SCII has a single factor structure and strong internal consistency. Structural equation modeling showed that individuals who invested more in social capital had greater bonding social capital, and subsequently less perceived stress. Results suggest that disease prevention and health promotion programs should consider approaches to encourage social capital investment; individuals may be able to reduce stress by increasing their investment in social capital. Future research is needed to provide additional empirical support for the SCII and observed structural relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguang Chen
- Wuhan University Global Health Center, Wuhan, China
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, China
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peigang Wang
- Wuhan University Global Health Center, Wuhan, China
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rhiana Wegner
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Psychology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jie Gong
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyi Fang
- Beijing Normal University Developmental Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Linda Kaljee
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Salehi A, Harris N, Coyne E, Sebar B. Perceived control and self-efficacy, subjective well-being and lifestyle behaviours in young Iranian women. J Health Psychol 2014; 21:1415-25. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105314554818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether young Iranian women’s perceived control and self-efficacy, as a component of cognitive social capital, predicts health and well-being. A total of 391 women aged between 18 and 35 years completed a survey including scales measuring control and self-efficacy and health outcomes including quality of life, satisfaction with life and lifestyle behaviours. Statistical analyses indicated that participants had low perceived control and influence over community affairs together with high perceived control over their personal lives. Multiple regression analyses indicated the predictive role of control and self-efficacy for well-being outcomes suggesting the potential role for health interventions targeting control and self-efficacy.
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Waverijn G, Wolfe MK, Mohnen S, Rijken M, Spreeuwenberg P, Groenewegen P. A prospective analysis of the effect of neighbourhood and individual social capital on changes in self-rated health of people with chronic illness. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:675. [PMID: 24990255 PMCID: PMC4105130 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Social capital in the living environment, both on the individual and neighbourhood level, is positively associated with people’s self-rated health; however, prospective and longitudinal studies are rare, making causal conclusions difficult. To shed more light on the direction of the relationship between social capital and self-rated health, we investigated main and interaction effects of individual and neighbourhood social capital at baseline on changes in self-rated health of people with a somatic chronic disease. Methods Individual social capital, self-rated health and other individual level variables were assessed among a nationwide sample of 1048 non-institutionalized people with a somatic chronic disease residing in 259 neighbourhoods in the Netherlands. The assessment of neighbourhood social capital was based on data from a nationwide survey among the general Dutch population. The association of social capital with changes in self-rated health was assessed by multilevel regression analysis. Results Both individual social capital and neighbourhood social capital at baseline were significantly associated with changes in self-rated health over the time period of 2005 to 2008 while controlling for several disease characteristics, other individual level and neighbourhood level characteristics. No significant interactions were found between social capital on the individual and on the neighbourhood level. Conclusions Higher levels of individual and neighbourhood social capital independently and positively affect changes in self-rated health of people with chronic illness. Although most of the variation in health is explained at the individual level, one’s social environment should be considered as a possible relevant influence on the health of the chronically ill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeke Waverijn
- Nivel, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Otterstraat 118 - 124, 3513 CR Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Vyncke V, De Clercq B, Stevens V, Costongs C, Barbareschi G, Jónsson SH, Curvo SD, Kebza V, Currie C, Maes L. Does neighbourhood social capital aid in levelling the social gradient in the health and well-being of children and adolescents? A literature review. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:65. [PMID: 23339776 PMCID: PMC3574053 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although most countries in the European Union are richer and healthier than ever, health inequalities remain an important public health challenge. Health-related problems and premature death have disproportionately been reported in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Neighbourhood social capital is believed to influence the association between neighbourhood deprivation and health in children and adolescents, making it a potentially interesting concept for policymakers. Methods This study aims to review the role of social capital in health inequalities and the social gradient in health and well-being of children and adolescents. A systematic review of published quantitative literature was conducted, focussing on (1) the mediating role of neighbourhood social capital in the relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and health-related outcomes in children and adolescents and (2) the interaction between neighbourhood social capital and socio-economic characteristics in relation to health-related outcomes in children and adolescents. Three electronic databases were searched. Studies executed between 1 January 1990 and 1 September 2011 in Western countries (USA, New Zealand, Australia and Europe) that included a health-related outcome in children or adolescents and a variable that measured neighbourhood social capital were included. Results Eight studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. The findings are mixed. Only two of five studies confirmed that neighbourhood social capital mediates the association between neighbourhood deprivation and health and well-being in adolescents. Furthermore, two studies found a significant interaction between neighbourhood socio-economic factors and neighbourhood social capital, which indicates that neighbourhood social capital is especially beneficial for children who reside in deprived neighbourhoods. However, two other studies did not find a significant interaction between SES and neighbourhood social capital. Due to the broad range of studied health-related outcomes, the different operationalisations of neighbourhood social capital and the conceptual overlap between measures of SES and social capital in some studies, the factors that explain these differences in findings remain unclear. Conclusions Although the findings of this study should be interpreted with caution, the results suggest that neighbourhood social capital might play a role in the health gradient among children and adolescents. However, only two of the included studies were conducted in Europe. Furthermore, some studies focussed on specific populations and minority groups. To formulate relevant European policy recommendations, further European-focussed research on this issue is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Vyncke
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 blok A, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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