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Brolin Låftman S, Östberg V, Wahlström J, Ramstedt M, Raninen J. Exposure to parental problem drinking during adolescence and symptoms of depression and anxiety in young adulthood: A Swedish national cohort study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:1461-1472. [PMID: 39031436 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research has shown associations between parental problem drinking and adverse mental health outcomes in children. However, while many studies assess parental alcohol problems based on clinical measures, longitudinal studies that investigate the impact of potentially less severe levels of parental alcohol problems are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine if the existence and severity of child-reported parental problem drinking in adolescence is associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in young adult men and women. METHODS Data was obtained from the Swedish national cohort study Futura01, including 3143 participants born in 2001 who were surveyed in 2017 (age 15-16) and 2022 (age 20-21). Parental problem drinking was measured at age 15-16 with the short version of The Children of Alcoholics Screening Test. Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured at age 20-21 with the Patient Health Questionnaire-4. Registry information on gender, parental education and parental country of birth were included as covariates. RESULTS The results demonstrated an exposure-response pattern, with greater severity of parental problem drinking associated with an increased probability of reporting depression and anxiety symptoms 5 years later. The association between parental problem drinking and subsequent depression symptoms was however present only in females. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Adolescents exposed to parental problem drinking have elevated risks of long-term adverse mental health. These risks increase with greater severity of parental problem drinking. It is thus crucial with efforts preventing parental problem drinking and efforts promoting health among children and adolescents who are exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Brolin Låftman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viveca Östberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Wahlström
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Ramstedt
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Raninen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Straiton ML, Abebe DS, Hauge LJ. Age of migration and common mental disorders among migrants in early adulthood: a Norwegian registry study. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:521. [PMID: 39039492 PMCID: PMC11265079 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05963-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Younger age of migration is associated with higher risk of psychotic disorders but the relationship between age of migration and common mental disorders is less clear. This study investigates the association between age of migration and diagnosed common mental disorders among migrants living in Norway. METHODS Using national Norwegian register data from 2008 to 2019, we compared the odds of a common mental disorder diagnosis in healthcare services during early adulthood among non-migrants, descendants and migrants with different ages of migration and lengths of stay. We also investigated differences in the relationship for different migrant groups and for men and women. RESULTS Descendants and childhood migrants with ≥ 19 years in Norway had higher odds of common mental disorders than non-migrants, while those migrating during adolescence with ≥ 19 years in Norway had similar odds. Those migrating during emerging and early adulthood had lower odds. Overall among migrants, the relationship between age of migration and common mental disorders was more pronounced for migrants < 19 years in Norway than ≥ 19 years and for non-refugees compared with refugees, especially men. CONCLUSIONS Descendants and childhood migrants with long stays may have higher odds of common mental disorders due to the associated stress of growing up in a bicultural context compared with non-migrants. Age of migration has a negative association with diagnosed common mental disorders but much of this effect may attenuate over time. The effect appears weaker for refugees, and particularly refugee men, which may reflect higher levels of pre-migration trauma and stress associated with the asylum-seeking period for those arriving as adults. At the same time, migrants, especially those arriving as adults, experience barriers to care. This could also explain the particularly low odds of diagnosed common mental disorders among adult migrants, especially those with shorter stays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Straiton
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo, 0213, Norway.
| | - Dawit Shawel Abebe
- Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4, St Olavs plass, Oslo, 0130, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, Brumunddal, NO-2381, Norway
| | - Lars Johan Hauge
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo, 0213, Norway
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Kjøllesdal MKR, Iversen HH, Skudal KE, Ellingsen-Dalskau LH. Immigrant and ethnic minority patients` reported experiences in psychiatric care in Europe - a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1281. [PMID: 37990189 PMCID: PMC10664498 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little evidence on experiences in psychiatric care treatment among patients with immigrant or ethnic minority background. Knowledge about their experiences is crucial in the development of equal and high-quality services and is needed to validate instruments applied in national patient experience surveys in Norway. The aim of this scoping review is to assess and summarize current evidence on immigrant and ethnic minorities` experiences in psychiatric care treatment in Europe. METHODS Guidelines from the Joanna Briggs Institute were followed and the research process adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. The literature search was carried out in Medline, Cinahl, Web of Science, Cochrane database of systematic reviews, Embase, and APA PsychInfo, up to Dec 2022, for articles on immigrant patients` experiences in psychiatric care. Reference lists of included articles were screened for additional relevant articles. Titles and abstracts were screened, and potentially relevant articles read in full-text, by two researchers. Evidence was extracted using an a priori extraction form and summarized in tables and text. Any disagreement between the reviewers regarding inclusion of articles or extracted information details were resolved through discussion between authors. RESULTS We included eight studies in the scoping review. Immigrant and ethnic minority background patients did not differ from the general population in quantitative satisfaction questionnaires. However, qualitative studies showed that they experience a lack of understanding and respect of own culture and related needs, and difficulties in communication, which do not seem to be captured in questionnaire-based studies. CONCLUSION Raising awareness about the importance of respect and understanding for patients` cultural background and communication needs for treatment satisfaction should be addressed in future quality improvement work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte Karoline Råberg Kjøllesdal
- Department of Public Health Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Postboks 5003, 1433, Ås, Norway
- Center for Evidence-Based Public Health: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Ås, Norway
| | - Hilde Hestad Iversen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Health Services Research, Postboks 222 Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Eeg Skudal
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Health Services Research, Postboks 222 Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
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Premanandan S, Ahmad A, Cajander Å, Ågerfalk P, Dolezel M, van Gemert-Pijnen L. Designing a Mobile e-Coaching App for Immigrant Informal Caregivers: Qualitative Study Using the Persuasive System Design Model. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2023; 11:e50038. [PMID: 37943598 PMCID: PMC10667987 DOI: 10.2196/50038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Informal caregivers are vital in caring for their family and friends at home who may have illnesses or disabilities. In particular, the demands for caregiving can be even more challenging for those with limited resources, support systems, and language barriers, such as immigrant informal caregivers. They face complex challenges in providing care for their relatives. These challenges can be related to sociocultural diversity, language barriers, and health care system navigation. Acknowledging the global context of the increasing number of immigrants is essential in designing inclusive mobile health apps. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the needs of immigrant informal caregivers in Sweden and discuss the application of the Persuasive System Design Model (PSDM) to develop an e-coaching prototype. By addressing the unique challenges faced by immigrant informal caregivers, this study will contribute to the development of more effective and inclusive mobile health apps. METHODS The participants were considered immigrants and included in the study if they and their parents were born outside of Sweden. Through various channels, such as the National Association of Relatives, rehabilitation departments at municipalities, and immigrant groups, we recruited 13 immigrant informal caregivers. These immigrant informal caregivers were primarily women aged 18 to 40 years. Most participants belonged to the Middle Eastern region whereas some were from North Africa. However, all of them spoke Arabic. We used semistructured interviews to gather data from the participants in Arabic, which were translated into English. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and discussed in relation to the extended PSDM. The needs of the caregivers were compared with the description of persuasive design principles, and a design principle was chosen based on the match. The PSDM was extended if the need description did not match any principles. Several brainstorming and prototyping sessions were conducted to design the mobile e-coaching app. RESULTS Immigrant informal caregivers have various needs in their caregiving role. They reported a need for training on the illness and future caregiving needs, assistance with understanding the Swedish language and culture, and help with accessing internet-based information and services. They also required recognition and appreciation for their efforts, additional informal support, and easy access to health care services, which can be important for their mental health. The PSDM was adapted to the informal caregiving context by adding "facilitating conditions" and "verbal encouragement" as additional persuasive design principles. This study also presents the subsequent mobile e-coaching app for immigrant informal caregivers in Sweden. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed important immigrant informal caregivers' needs based on which design suggestions for a mobile e-coaching app were presented. We also proposed an adapted PSDM, for the informal caregiving context. The adapted PSDM can be further used to design digital interventions for caregiving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Premanandan
- Department of Informatics and Media, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Division of Visual Information and Interaction, Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Cajander
- Division of Visual Information and Interaction, Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pär Ågerfalk
- Department of Informatics and Media, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michal Dolezel
- Department of Information Technologies, Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, Prague University of Economics and Business, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lisette van Gemert-Pijnen
- Department of Psychology, Health, and Technology, Faculty of Behavioral, Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
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Straiton M, Liefbroer AC, Hollander AC, Hauge LJ. Sickness absence around contact with outpatient mental health care services - differences between migrants and non-migrants: a Norwegian register study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:428. [PMID: 37316795 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders are a leading cause of sickness absence. Some groups of migrants are at higher risk of both mental disorder and sickness absence. Yet, research on sickness absence in relation to mental disorders among migrants is limited. This study investigates differences in sickness absence in the twelve-month period around contact with outpatient mental health services between non-migrants and various migrant groups with different length of stays. It also considers whether these differences are similar for men and women. METHODS Using linked Norwegian register data, we followed 146,785 individuals, aged 18-66 years, who had attended outpatient mental health services and who had, or had recently had, a stable workforce attachment. The number of days of sickness absence was calculated for the 12-month period surrounding contact with outpatient mental health services. We applied logistic regression and zero-truncated negative binomial regression to assess differences in any sickness absence and number of days of absence between non-migrants and migrants, including refugees and non-refugees. We included interaction terms between migrant category and sex. RESULTS Refugee men and other migrant men from countries outside the European Economic Area (EEA) had a higher probability of any sickness absence in the period surrounding contact with outpatient mental health services than their non-migrant counterparts. Women from EEA countries with stays of less than 15 years had a lower probability than non-migrant women. Additionally, refugees, both men and women, with 6-14 years in Norway had more days of absence while EEA migrants had fewer days than their non-migrant counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Refugee men and other non-EEA migrant men appear to have higher sickness absence than non-migrant men around the time of contact with services. This finding does not apply to women. Several probable reasons for this are discussed, though further research is required to understand why. Targeted strategies to reduce sickness absence and support the return to work for refugees and other non-EEA migrant men are needed. Barriers to timely help-seeking should also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Straiton
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Aart C Liefbroer
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, PO Box 11650, The Hague, 2502 AR, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna-Clara Hollander
- Epidemiology of Psychiatric Conditions, Substance Use and Social Environment, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Lars Johan Hauge
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
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Jiang W, Shi G, Li Y, Lu C, Guo L, Zhang W. Dynamic contributions of socioeconomic status to mental health with the resettlement process among refugees. Psychiatry Res 2023; 324:115197. [PMID: 37058795 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) is shown to be associated with refugees' mental health, but few studies have considered that these associations may vary over time. This study aimed to examine the dynamic contributions of SES to refugees' mental health during resettlement. We used five waves of data from a cohort study in Australia; 2399 refugees completed the interview in Wave 1, and the remaining waves had 2009, 1894, 1929, and 1881 participants, respectively. SES, high risk of severe mental illness (HR-SMI), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were assessed in each wave. Weighted multilevel regression models were performed, and analyses were stratified by sex. For both sexes, financial hardships were consistently positively associated with HR-SMI and PTSD across all five waves. However, time or sex differences were more pronounced for associations between other SES factors and mental health. For males, there were negative associations of current paid jobs with HR-SMI and PTSD in Waves 3-5. For females, the current paid job was negatively associated with HR-SMI only in Wave 5. Our findings highlight the dynamic associations and sex differences between SES and refugees' mental health. We recommend interventions focusing on increasing employment opportunities, particularly for male refugees in the later resettlement stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Jiang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guangduoji Shi
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yanzhi Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Weihong Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
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Carroll HA, Kvietok A, Pauschardt J, Freier LF, Bird M. Prevalence of common mental health disorders in forcibly displaced populations versus labor migrants by migration phase: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 321:279-289. [PMID: 36367496 PMCID: PMC9831668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Migration is not an event, but an interactive process whereby individuals on the move make decisions in their social and political contexts. As such, one expects migrant mental health to change over time. To examine this relationship, we conducted a meta-analysis, the first to our knowledge, to identify the impact of migration phase and migration type on the prevalence of mental health in migrant populations. We searched PubMed, PsycInfo, and Embase for studies published between January 1, 2010, and January 1, 2020 (Prospero ID: 192751). We included studies with international migrants reporting prevalence rates for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and/or anxiety. The authors extracted data from eligible studies and tabulated mental health prevalence rates, relevant migration condition (e.g., migration type or phase), and methods (e.g., sample size). Full text review resulted in n = 269 manuscripts included in the meta-analysis examining PTSD (n = 149), depression (n = 218), and anxiety (n = 104). Overall prevalence was estimated for PTSD (30.54 %, I2 = 98.94 %, Q = 10,443.6), depression (28.57 %, I2 = 99.17 %, Q = 13,844.34), and anxiety (25.30 %, I2 = 99.2 %, Q = 10,416.20). We also estimated the effect of methodological and migration factors on prevalence in PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Our findings reveal increased prevalence of mental health due to forced migration and being in the journey phase of migration, even when accounting for the influence of methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley A Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Andrea Kvietok
- Department of Sociology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Julia Pauschardt
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luisa F Freier
- Department of Social and Political Science, Universidad del Pacífico, Lima, Peru
| | - Matthew Bird
- Graduate School, Universidad del Pacífico, Lima, Peru
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Robertsson T, Kokko S, Lilja E, Castañeda AE. Prevalence and risk factors of psychological distress among foreign-born population in Finland: A population-based survey comparing nine regions of origin. Scand J Public Health 2023:14034948221144660. [PMID: 36600449 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221144660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Previous research indicates that foreign-born populations experience more psychological distress than general populations. However, it remains unclear how prevalence varies between regions of origin. The role of socio-demographic and migration-related factors also needs to be further investigated. We aimed to (a) compare the prevalence of psychological distress in foreign-born and general Finnish populations, (b) investigate differences in prevalence between nine regions of origin and (c) examine which socio-demographic and migration-related factors are associated with distress among foreign-born populations. METHODS The study used data from the Survey on Well-Being among Foreign Born Population (FinMonik), a population-based survey (n=6312) of foreign-born populations living in Finland collected between 2018 and 2019 by the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare. Psychological distress was measured using the Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5), with a cut-off point of 52. Logistic regression was used to adjust analyses by age and sex to determine the prevalence of psychological distress and the associated socio-demographic factors. RESULTS Psychological distress was more prevalent among those who were foreign born (17.4%) than among the general population (12.9%). Migrants from the Middle East and North Africa had the highest prevalence (29.7%) compared to other regions of origin. Unemployment or economic inactivity, international protection as a reason for migration and beginner-level language proficiency were the main factors increasing the odds for distress among foreign-born populations. CONCLUSIONS
Foreign-born populations experience more psychological distress than the general population, but prevalence varies between regions of origin. Future efforts should aim at a better understanding of the mental health risk factors and the development of targeted interventions for these subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Robertsson
- Research Center for Health Promotion, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sami Kokko
- Research Center for Health Promotion, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eero Lilja
- Migration and Cultural Diversity Team, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Anu E Castañeda
- Migration and Cultural Diversity Team, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
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Helgesson M, Brendler-Lindqvist M, Johansson B, Nordquist T, Tondel M, Svartengren M. Sustainable Earnings among Immigrants, and the Role of Health Status for Self-Sufficiency: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study of Labour Immigrants and Refugees to Sweden 2000-2006. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:663. [PMID: 36612978 PMCID: PMC9819060 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate economic self-sufficiency for immigrants, and how health status affected self-sufficiency. The proportion of self-sufficiency during years 1-10 after receiving a residence permit is presented for all non-European labour immigrants (n = 1259) and refugees (n = 23,859), aged 18-54, who immigrated to Sweden 2000-2006, and compared to a control group of Swedish-born (n = 144,745). The risk of not being self-sufficient in year 10 was analysed with Cox regression models, and the results are presented as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Moreover, the impact on the self-sufficiency of having a diagnosis from specialised health care during the first five years in Sweden was analysed. The results showed that half of the refugees and three-quarters of the labour immigrants were self-sufficient 10 years after residency. The adjusted risk of not being self-sufficient at year 10 was 80% higher among labour immigrants (HR = 1.8; CI = 1.6-2.0) and more than two-fold among refugees (HR = 2.7; CI = 2.6-2.8) compared to the Swedish-born. Having a diagnosis from specialised health care during the first five years in Sweden had an impact on self-sufficiency in all groups; however, the impact of having a diagnosis did not differ between refugees and Swedish-born. Measures must be taken to increase immigrants' work participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Helgesson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health Equity and Working Life, Uppsala University, SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Brendler-Lindqvist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Johansson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias Nordquist
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Tondel
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Svartengren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Differences in all-cause and cause-specific mortality due to external causes and suicide between young adult refugees, non-refugee immigrants and Swedish-born young adults: The role of education and migration-related factors. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279096. [PMID: 36538535 PMCID: PMC9767339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND International migration has increased during the past years and little is known about the mortality of young adult immigrants and refugees that came to Sweden as children. This study aimed to investigate 1) the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in young accompanied and unaccompanied refugees and non-refugee immigrants compared to Swedish born individuals; and 2) to determine the role of educational level and migrations-related factors in these associations. METHODS This register linkage study is based on 682,358 individuals (633,167 Swedish-born, 2,163 unaccompanied and 25,658 accompanied refugees and 21,370 non-refugee immigrants) 19-25 years old, who resided in Sweden 31.12.2004. Outcomes were all-cause mortality and mortality due to suicide and external causes. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox regression models with a maximum follow-up to 2016. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, all-cause mortality was significantly lower in non-refugee immigrants (aHR 0.70, 95% CI 0.59-0.84) and refugees (aHR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65-0.88) compared to Swedish-born individuals. The same direction of association was observed for mortality due to suicide and external causes. No differences between accompanied and unaccompanied refugees were found. Risk estimates for all migrant groups varied with educational level, duration of residency, age at arrival and country of birth. Further, the mortality risk of migrants arriving in Sweden before the age of 6 years did not significantly differ from the risk of their Swedish-born peers. Low education was a considerable risk factor. CONCLUSION In general, young adult refugees and non-refugee immigrants have a lower risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality than Swedish-born individuals. The identified migrant groups with higher mortality risk need specific attention.
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Al-Adhami M, Berglund E, Wångdahl J, Salari R. A cross-sectional study of health and well-being among newly settled refugee migrants in Sweden-The role of health literacy, social support and self-efficacy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279397. [PMID: 36534679 PMCID: PMC9762600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural barriers such as inadequate housing, lack of employment opportunities, and discrimination are known to adversely affect the health of newly settled refugee migrants. However, these barriers remain largely unresolved and unaddressed. Thus, there is a need to better understand how other factors, such as individual-level health resources, may influence health and mitigate ill health in the early post-migration phase. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between health outcomes and individual health resources including health literacy, social support, and self-efficacy in newly settled refugee migrants. Survey data was collected from 787 refugee migrants in Sweden. Logistical regression analysis showed that limited health literacy, lack of emotional support, and low self-efficacy were consistently associated with poor health outcomes. Demographic variables such as gender, education, and type of residence permit were not as imperative. Individual-level health resources may play an important role in the general and psychological well-being of newly settled migrants. Promoting health literacy and facilitating the attainment of social support may buffer for structural challenges in the establishment phase and enhance the prospects of later health and social integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maissa Al-Adhami
- Research and Learning for Sustainable Development and Global Health (SWEDESD) Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Erik Berglund
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josefin Wångdahl
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raziye Salari
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Melin EO, Wanby P, Neumark T, Holmberg S, Neumark ASN, Johansson K, Landin-Olsson M, Thulesius H, Hillman M, Thunander M. Depression was associated with younger age, female sex, obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity, in 1027 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a Swedish multicentre cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:273. [PMID: 36348470 PMCID: PMC9644465 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aims were to explore the prevalence of depression, anxiety, antidepressant use, obesity, Hemoglobin A1c > 64 mmol/mol, life-style factors, pre-existing CVD, in patients with newly diagnosed T2D; to explore associations with depression; and to compare with Swedish general population data. METHODS Multicentre, cross-sectional study. INCLUSION CRITERIA adults with serologically verified newly diagnosed T2D. Included variables: age, sex, current depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), previous depression, antidepressant use, obesity (BMI ≥ 30 and ≥ 40 kg/m2), Hemoglobin A1c, pre-existing CVD. Logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS In 1027 T2D patients, aged 18-94 years, depression was associated with age (per year) (inversely) (odds ratio (OR) 0.97), anxiety (OR 12.2), previous depression (OR 7.1), antidepressant use (OR 4.2), BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (OR 1.7), BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 (OR 2.3), smoking (OR 1.9), physical inactivity (OR 1.8), and women (OR 1.6) (all p ≤ 0.013). Younger women (n = 113), ≤ 59 years, compared to younger men (n = 217) had higher prevalence of current depression (31% vs 12%), previous depression (43 vs 19%), anxiety (42% vs 25%), antidepressant use (37% vs 12%), BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (73% vs 60%) and BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) (18% vs 9%), and smoking (26% vs 16%) (all p ≤ 0.029). Older women (n = 297), ≥ 60 years, compared to older men (n = 400) had higher prevalence of previous depression (45% vs 12%), anxiety (18% vs 10%), antidepressant use (20% vs 8%), BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (55% vs 47%), BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 (7% vs 3%) (all p ≤ 0.048), but not of current depression (both 9%). Compared to the Swedish general population (depression (women 11.2%, men 12.3%) and antidepressant use (women 9.8%, men 5.3%)), the younger women had higher prevalence of current depression, and all patients had higher prevalence of antidepressant use. CONCLUSIONS In patients with newly diagnosed T2D, the younger women had the highest prevalence of depression, anxiety, and obesity. The prevalence of depression in young women and antidepressant use in all patients were higher than in the Swedish general population. Three risk factors for CVD, obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity, were associated with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva O Melin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Diabetes Research Laboratory, Biomedical Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Box 1223, 351 12, Växjö, Sweden.
- Region Kronoberg, Primary Care, Växjö, Sweden.
| | - Pär Wanby
- Department of Medicine and Optometry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Kalmar County Hospital, Region Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Thomas Neumark
- Regional Executive Office - Coordination of Health Care, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Research, Region Kalmar County, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Sara Holmberg
- Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Box 1223, 351 12, Växjö, Sweden
- Department of Medicine and Optometry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Karin Johansson
- Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Box 1223, 351 12, Växjö, Sweden
- Region Kronoberg, Primary Care, Växjö, Sweden
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Mona Landin-Olsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Diabetes Research Laboratory, Biomedical Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Thulesius
- Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Box 1223, 351 12, Växjö, Sweden
- Region Kronoberg, Primary Care, Växjö, Sweden
- Department of Medicine and Optometry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Family Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hillman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Diabetes Research Laboratory, Biomedical Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Thunander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Box 1223, 351 12, Växjö, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Växjö Central Hospital, Region Kronoberg, Växjö, Sweden
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Uhlin K, Persson E, Stålnacke BM, Löfgren M. Healthcare professionals' experiences and perspectives of team-based interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation with immigrants requiring an interpreter. A qualitative study. Disabil Rehabil 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35996890 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a lack of knowledge about interprofessional rehabilitation for culturally diverse patients with chronic pain. This study explores experiences of healthcare professionals developing and working with rehabilitation with patients in need of an interpreter and their experience of working with interpreters. METHODS Twelve healthcare professionals at two Swedish specialist rehabilitation centres were interviewed. Grounded theory principles were used for the data collection and analysis. RESULTS The main category "Demanding and Meaningful Work" represents three concurrently interacting categories: "Frustration" includes the informants' doubts regarding the benefits of the rehabilitation, lack of care for patients and cultural dissonance between professionals and patients. "Challenges" describes problems in the rehabilitation work due to the need for interpreted mediated communication, the complexity in health status and social aspects among the patients. "Solutions" represents practical working methods and personal approaches developed by the informants for managing frustrations and challenges. CONCLUSIONS The informants' frustration and challenges when working with a new group of patients, vulnerable and different in their preconceptions, led to new solutions in working methods and approaches. When starting a pain rehabilitation programme for culturally diverse patients, it is important to consider the rehabilitation team's need for additional time and support.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONHealthcare professionals who encounter immigrants with chronic pain need resources to develop their own skills in order to handle complex ethical questions as the patients represent a vulnerable patient group with many low status identitiesIn order to adapt rehabilitation programmes to patient groups with different languages and pre-understandings of chronic pain, there is a need for a team with specific qualities, i.e., close cooperation, an innovative atmosphere, time and also support from expertsFor appropriate language interpretation it is important to have a professional interpreter and a healthcare professional who are aware of and adopt the rules, possibilities and restrictions of interpretationThe rehabilitation of patients in need of language interpretation needs more time and organisation compared to the rehabilitation of patients who speak the national language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Uhlin
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Persson
- Department of Pain Rehabilitation, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Stålnacke
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Monika Löfgren
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Delgado-Cáceres FM, Silva-Parra KA, Torres-Slimming PA. Association between time of residence and self-perception of distress, interpersonal relationships, and social role in Venezuelan immigrants in Lima, Peru 2018-19: mixed-methods study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1093. [PMID: 35650547 PMCID: PMC9157030 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immigrants arriving in a new country face changes that affect their social, employment, and migratory status. We carried out a mixed-methods study in the rapidly growing Venezuelan immigrant population in Lima, Peru. The objective was to determine whether there was an association between time in Peru and self-perception of symptom distress (SD), interpersonal relationships (IR), and social role (SR). METHODS The quantitative central component consisted of a cross-sectional study, surveying 152 participants using the Outcome Questionnaire 45.2 (OQ-45.2). The qualitative component, based on phenomenology, explored experiences and challenges during the migration process. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted in 16 informants. RESULTS An association that was observed was the increase in the risk of clinically significant SR score with additional years of age. All informants mentioned having witnessed or experienced xenophobia in Peru. Every informant stated that significant labor differences existed between the countries. The most reported somatic symptoms were symptoms of anxiety and alterations of sleep. Additionally, no informant expressed a desire to remain in Peru long term. CONCLUSIONS A minority of participants registered a clinically significant total score and in each of the three domains of SD, IR, and SR. No association between months in Lima and the self-perception of distress was found. However, this could be due to the short amount of time spent in Peru and any change in self-perception might only be perceived after years or decades spent in Peru. This study is one of the first to use mixed-methods to explore the mental health of the immigrant Venezuelan population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Milton Delgado-Cáceres
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Alameda San Marcos cuadra 2, Chorrillos, 15067, Lima, Peru
| | - Kevin Angel Silva-Parra
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Alameda San Marcos cuadra 2, Chorrillos, 15067, Lima, Peru
| | - Paola A Torres-Slimming
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Alameda San Marcos cuadra 2, Chorrillos, 15067, Lima, Peru. .,Red Internacional América Latina, África, Europa, El Caríbe (ALEC) "Territorio(s), Poblaciones Vulnerables y Políticas Públicas." Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France.
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15
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Eriksson L, Junkka J, Sandström G, Vikström L. Supply or demand? Institutionalization of the mentally ill in the emerging Swedish welfare state, 1900-59. HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRY 2022; 33:180-199. [PMID: 35588215 DOI: 10.1177/0957154x221084976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Historical studies on the institutionalization of the mentally ill have primarily relied on data for institutionalized patients rather than the population at risk. Consequently, the underlying factors of institutionalization are unclear. Using Swedish longitudinal microdata from 1900-59 reporting mental disorders, we examine whether supply factors, such as distance to institutions and number of asylum beds, influenced the risk of institutionalization, in addition to demand factors such as access to family. Institutionalization risks were associated with the supply of beds and proximity to an asylum, but also dependent on families' unmet demand for care of relatives. As the supply of mental care met this family-driven demand in the 1930s, the relative risk of institutionalization increased among those lacking family networks.
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Helgesson M, Björkenstam E, Filatova S, Rahman SG, Cullen A, Dorner T, Gémes K, Amin R, Mittendorfer-Rutz E. Mental and somatic disorders and the subsequent risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in refugees, non-refugee migrants and the Swedish-born youth: a population-based cohort study in Sweden. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054351. [PMID: 35545376 PMCID: PMC9096569 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims were to investigate the associations between specific mental and somatic disorders and subsequent all-cause and cause-specific mortality (suicide, external and other causes) in young refugees and non-refugee migrants compared with Swedish-born individuals of similar age. METHODS In this register-based prospective cohort study, all 1 003 760 individuals (40 305 refugees, 31 687 non-refugee migrants as the exposure groups and the rest as the Swedish-born comparison group), 16-25 years old, residing in Sweden on 31 December 2004 were included. These individuals were followed regarding the outcome of all-cause and cause-specific mortality (suicide and external causes) between 2005 and 2016. The study population was also stratified according to any use of specialised healthcare for mental or somatic diagnoses before baseline (2000-2004). Cox regression models yielding crude and multivariate Hazard Ratios (HR and aHR, respectively) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were used to investigate the afore-mentioned associations. RESULTS A lower proportion of both refugees (12%) and non-refugee migrants (10%) had college/university education compared with the Swedish-born individuals (17%). The proportion of unemployed (>180 days) among refugees (2.3%) and non-refugees (2.9%) was higher than the Swedish born (1.4%). Refugees and non-refugee migrants had about a 20% lower risk of all-cause mortality and external causes of mortality compared with Swedish-born individuals. An even greater reduction in suicide risk (aHR 0.51, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.70, and 0.63, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.82 for non-refugees and refugees, respectively) was found. When restricted to those with a mental or somatic disorder, a lower risk of both general and specific mortality was also found among both refugees and non-refugee migrants compared with Swedish-born individuals. Refugees had, however, equal point estimates of all-cause mortality associated with substance misuse disorder and neoplasms as their Swedish-born peers with these disorders. CONCLUSIONS With few exceptions, young migrants with specific mental and somatic disorders have a mortality advantage compared with their Swedish-born peers with the same disorders. Further research on protective factors is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Helgesson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Björkenstam
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Svetlana Filatova
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Syed Ghulam Rahman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexis Cullen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Dorner
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Health Promotion Research, Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria
| | - Katalin Gémes
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ridwanul Amin
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Mangrio E, Enskär K, Ramji R, Sjögren-Forss K, Tengland PA, Theodoridis K, Zdravkovic S, Rämgård M. The Need for Parental Support for Migrant Parents in Transition Into Sweden: A Perspective. Front Public Health 2022; 10:680767. [PMID: 35570884 PMCID: PMC9100399 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.680767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration is a stressful experience and research shows that newly arrived migrants in Sweden suffer from different challenges and struggle to relate to parenting in a new culture that is different from their own. The Swedish Child Health Services (CHS) focuses on promoting health among children, as well as supporting parents in parenting. Although this is a goal, migrant parents participate at lower rates in parental support groups. This paper aims to discuss how the Swedish CHS can support these families and address the need for improvement in the parental support offered to migrant parents during transition into their host country. In addition, this paper also aims to review and discuss the advantages of using a community-based participatory research approach together with the Swedish CHS to identify and apply culturally appropriate support programs to increase health literacy among migrant parents. The Swedish government decided to place greater emphasis and resources on supporting parents and promoting equal health among families in Sweden, with special emphasis on migrants and other vulnerable groups. This report from the Swedish government indicates the importance of creating knowledge about new ways, methods, and actions that may be needed to increase this support. One suggestion of this paper is to provide culturally appropriate healthcare work using a community-based participatory research approach, where migrant parents themselves are actively involved in the development of support programs. This approach will not only provide migrant families knowledge and support, it will also build on their needs and the challenges they can share, and receive support to overcome.
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18
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Hynek KA, Hollander AC, Liefbroer AC, Hauge LJ, Straiton ML. Change in Work-Related Income Following the Uptake of Treatment for Mental Disorders Among Young Migrant and Non-migrant Women in Norway: A National Register Study. Front Public Health 2022; 9:736624. [PMID: 35071152 PMCID: PMC8777252 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.736624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Women, and migrant women in particular, are at increased risk of many common mental disorders, which may potentially impact their labor market participation and their work-related income. Previous research found that mental disorders are associated with several work-related outcomes such as loss of income, however, not much is known about how this varies with migrant background. This study investigated the change in work-related income following the uptake of outpatient mental healthcare (OPMH) treatment, a proxy for mental disorder, in young women with and without migrant background. Additionally, we looked at how the association varied by income level. Methods: Using data from four national registries, the study population consisted of women aged 23-40 years residing in Norway for at least three consecutive years between 2006 and 2013 (N = 640,527). By using a stratified linear regression with individual fixed effects, we investigated differences between majority women, descendants and eight migrant groups. Interaction analysis was conducted in order to examine differences in income loss following the uptake of OPMH treatment among women with and without migrant background. Results: Results showed that OPMH treatment was associated with a decrease in income for all groups. However, the negative effect was stronger among those with low income. Only migrant women from Western and EU Eastern Europe with a high income were not significantly affected following OPMH treatment. Conclusion: Experiencing a mental disorder during a critical age for establishment in the labor market can negatively affect not only income, but also future workforce participation, and increase dependency on social welfare services and other health outcomes, regardless of migrant background. Loss of income due to mental disorders can also affect future mental health, resulting in a vicious circle and contributing to more inequalities in the society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Angelika Hynek
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Aart C Liefbroer
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, The Hague, Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lars Johan Hauge
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Honkaniemi H, Katikireddi SV, Rostila M, Juárez SP. Psychiatric consequences of a father's leave policy by nativity: a quasi-experimental study in Sweden. J Epidemiol Community Health 2022; 76:367-373. [PMID: 34635548 PMCID: PMC8921563 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2021-217980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental leave use has been found to promote maternal and child health, with limited evidence of mental health impacts on fathers. How these effects vary for minority populations with poorer mental health and lower leave uptake, such as migrants, remains under-investigated. This study assessed the effects of a Swedish policy to encourage fathers' leave, the 1995 Father's quota, on Swedish-born and migrant fathers' psychiatric hospitalisations. METHODS We conducted an interrupted time series analysis using Swedish total population register data for first-time fathers of children born before (1992-1994) and after (1995-1997) the reform (n=198 589). Swedish-born and migrant fathers' 3-year psychiatric hospitalisation rates were modelled using segmented negative binomial regression, adjusting for seasonality and autocorrelation, with stratified analyses by region of origin, duration of residence, and partners' nativity. RESULTS From immediately pre-reform to post-reform, the proportion of fathers using parental leave increased from 63.6% to 86.4% of native-born and 37.1% to 51.2% of migrants. Swedish-born fathers exhibited no changes in psychiatric hospitalisation rates post-reform, whereas migrants showed 36% decreased rates (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.64, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.86). Migrants from regions not predominantly consisting of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries (IRR 0.50, 95% CI 0.19 to 1.33), and those with migrant partners (IRR 0.23, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.38), experienced the greatest decreases in psychiatric hospitalisation rates. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that policies oriented towards promoting father's use of parental leave may help to reduce native-migrant health inequalities, with broader benefits for family well-being and child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Honkaniemi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mikael Rostila
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sol P Juárez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Abed Al Ahad M, Demšar U, Sullivan F, Kulu H. Air pollution and individuals' mental well-being in the adult population in United Kingdom: A spatial-temporal longitudinal study and the moderating effect of ethnicity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264394. [PMID: 35263348 PMCID: PMC8906596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest an association between ambient air pollution and mental well-being, though evidence is mostly fragmented and inconclusive. Research also suffers from methodological limitations related to study design and moderating effect of key demographics (e.g., ethnicity). This study examines the effect of air pollution on reported mental well-being in United Kingdom (UK) using spatial-temporal (between-within) longitudinal design and assesses the moderating effect of ethnicity. METHODS Data for 60,146 adult individuals (age:16+) with 349,748 repeated responses across 10-data collection waves (2009-2019) from "Understanding-Society: The-UK-Household-Longitudinal-Study" were linked to annual concentrations of NO2, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 pollutants using the individuals' place of residence, given at the local-authority and at the finer Lower-Super-Output-Areas (LSOAs) levels; allowing for analysis at two geographical scales across time. The association between air pollution and mental well-being (assessed through general-health-questionnaire-GHQ12) and its modification by ethnicity and being non-UK born was assessed using multilevel mixed-effect logit models. RESULTS Higher odds of poor mental well-being was observed with every 10μg/m3 increase in NO2, SO2, PM10 and PM2.5 pollutants at both LSOAs and local-authority levels. Decomposing air pollution into spatial-temporal (between-within) effects showed significant between, but not within effects; thus, residing in more polluted local-authorities/LSOAs have higher impact on poor mental well-being than the air pollution variation across time within each geographical area. Analysis by ethnicity revealed higher odds of poor mental well-being with increasing concentrations of SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 only for Pakistani/Bangladeshi, other-ethnicities and non-UK born individuals compared to British-white and natives, but not for other ethnic groups. CONCLUSION Using longitudinal individual-level and contextual-linked data, this study highlights the negative effect of air pollution on individuals' mental well-being. Environmental policies to reduce air pollution emissions can eventually improve the mental well-being of people in UK. However, there is inconclusive evidence on the moderating effect of ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Abed Al Ahad
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St. Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Urška Demšar
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St. Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Sullivan
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Hill Kulu
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St. Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
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21
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Straiton M, Hynek KA, Reneflot A, Hauge LJ. Mental disorder and first-time marriage formation among non-Western migrant women: A national register study. SSM Popul Health 2022; 17:101022. [PMID: 35059491 PMCID: PMC8760389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies show that there is a mental health selection into marriage among the general population. This study explored the association between mental disorder and marriage formation among non-Western migrant women living in Norway, and whether the association varied with region of origin, income, education and having a dependent child. METHODS Using linked national register data, we followed 49,329 non-Western never married migrant women aged 18-60 living in Norway between 2006 and 2014. As a proxy for mental disorders, we investigated whether outpatient mental health service use was associated with marital formation using discrete time logistic regression analyses. RESULT Overall, outpatient mental health service use was associated with lower odds of marital formation, even after controlling for sociodemographic factors. Interaction analyses suggested that the relationship was weaker for South Asian women, who had the highest odds of marriage formation, compared with Sub-Saharan African women, who had the lowest. The relationship was also stronger for women with children and women with low incomes. CONCLUSION Mental health selection effects may depend on the universality of marriage. Since marriage may be associated with psychosocial and economic benefits, it is important to identify and treat mental disorder among non-Western migrant women, particularly those with childcare responsibilities and low income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Straiton
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kamila Angelika Hynek
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Reneflot
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Johan Hauge
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Wilson RL, Atem JM, Gumuskaya O, Lavadas M, Šošić B, Urek M. A call for nurses and interdisciplinary collaborators to urgently respond to the health and well-being needs of refugees across the world. J Adv Nurs 2022; 78:e52-e61. [PMID: 35020230 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is compounding the distress of millions of refugees (made up of displaced persons, forced migrants, refugees and asylum seekers) throughout the world. This discursive paper pitches a challenge for the global nursing profession, within the multidisciplinary context, to consider its collective agency in responding to the health and well-being needs of a priority portion of the global population. Nursing leaders are encouraged to renew their commitment to the International Council of Nurses' Code of Ethics and consider the role of their profession in assisting global refugees, because the extent of present need has become an escalating major global humanitarian crisis. The nursing profession comprises half the world's healthcare workforce. The World Health Organization considers that nurses play a fundamental role in ensuring access to universal healthcare as a basic human right, addressing the global need for health promotion care, disease prevention and primary and community healthcare (International Council of Nurses, The ICN code of ethics for nurses; 2012). It is a human right to seek asylum from persecution, and in doing so, people should not be subjected to cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment or circumstances. Nurses are increasingly interested in fostering a healthy and adaptive environment in which people can thrive, despite personal, political, emotional, physical or social adversity. Nursing care is indispensable for the easement of human distress and for the promotion of comfort and coping. Nurses have an essential role in advocating for policies that will enhance immigrants' access to health/mental health services and address barriers irrespective of migrant/refugee/asylum seeker status. These are challenging times as the world responds to the pandemic crisis, and nurses are called to rise to global and local leadership roles and join with other health and social care colleagues in addressing the universal human health, social and political crisis of our time. The global nursing collective must come to terms with the need to initiate additional compelling ways to improve and integrate health and social care processes so that nursing care, mental health and social care augment a holistic achievement of appropriate care for refugees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda L Wilson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jacob Mabil Atem
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Oya Gumuskaya
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michalis Lavadas
- Society and Workplace Diversity Research Group, Bergen University, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bojan Šošić
- Board for Psychiatric and Neurological Research, Department of Medical Sciences, Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mojca Urek
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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23
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Clark KA, Björkenstam C, Kosidou K, Björkenstam E. Psychological Distress, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide Attempt Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Immigrants: Population-Based Findings from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:3563-3574. [PMID: 34725752 PMCID: PMC9308978 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-01997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In a large, population-based sample in Sweden, we sought to examine mental health disparities between lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) and heterosexual individuals with different immigration statuses. We conducted a population-based study including 1799 LGB and 69,324 heterosexual individuals, recruited in 2010 and 2014 as part of the Stockholm Public Health Cohort. Data were obtained from self-administered surveys that were linked to nationwide registers. We examined associations between mental health outcomes (i.e., psychological distress, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt) and sexual orientation (LGB versus heterosexual), immigration status (immigrant versus Nordic-born), and their interaction. Sex-stratified weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. LGB individuals demonstrated substantially elevated odds of all mental health outcomes compared to heterosexuals; immigrants reported moderately elevated odds of psychological distress and suicide attempt, but not suicidal ideation, compared to Nordic-born individuals. Interaction terms between sexual orientation and immigration status were significant at p < 0.05 for psychological distress for both sexes and for suicidal ideation and attempt among women. Unexpectedly, models probing interactions generally demonstrated that Nordic-born LGB individuals demonstrated greater risk of psychological distress, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt than did immigrant LGB individuals, especially among women. Supplemental analyses showed that Nordic-born bisexual women demonstrated the highest risk of all studied outcomes. Being LGB in Sweden is generally a stronger risk factor for poor mental health among Nordic-born than immigrant populations. These findings call for future intersectionality-focused research to delineate the unique cultural, social, and psychological factors associated with mental health and resilience among LGB immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty A Clark
- Department of Medicine, Health, and Society, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
| | | | - Kyriaki Kosidou
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Björkenstam
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health and California Center for Population Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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24
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McDonald JT, Dahlin M, Bäärnhielm S. Cross-cultural training program on mental health care for refugees - a mixed method evaluation. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:533. [PMID: 34654412 PMCID: PMC8520228 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refugees tend to have a higher risk of mental ill-health and use mental health services less than the native-born population during their first 10 years in Sweden. Intercultural interactions between refugees and mental health professionals have been described as challenging. Cross-cultural training is proposed as one way to improve care for refugees. Evaluations of such training outcomes are sparse. The overall aim of this study was to evaluate Comprehensive Cross-Cultural Training for mental health care professionals in Stockholm, and to assess training outcomes for participants' perceived knowledge regarding mental health and care for newly arrived refugee patients, asylum seekers and undocumented refugees. In addition, we analysed the dimensionality of the pre- and post-training questionnaires used. METHODS An embedded mixed-method design was applied. We used pre-and post-training questionnaires (n = 248) and conducted six focus group discussions (FGDs) with mental health professionals after training. Quantitative data was analysed by t-tests and factor analysis, qualitative data was analysed using thematic content analysis. RESULTS Participants experienced gained knowledge and new perspectives in all aspects covered in the training. Training led to participants restructuring their existing knowledge. Those who had reported experience of refugee patients and working with interpreters pre-training in the past month, had higher ratings of perceived knowledge. Post-training, there were no significant changes in perceived knowledge between those with, and those without, experience of refugee patients and working with interpreters. Factor analysis resulted in 3 factors for the pre-training questionnaire, explaining 71% of the covariance, and 4 factors for the post-training questionnaire, explaining 78% of the covariance. Findings from the post-training FGDs, revealed that refugee patients were described as challenging. Also, that training promoted empathy towards refugees and strengthened participants' professional role. CONCLUSIONS This cross-cultural training contributed to knowledge development and attitude changes. It was valuable regarding care providers' professional role. Additional outcomes of the training were that participants not only gained knowledge about refugee mental health care but also restructured their existing knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordanos Tewelde McDonald
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute & Transcultural Centre, Region Stockholm, Solnavägen 4, 11365, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marie Dahlin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Norra Stockholms psykiatri, Vårdvägen 1, 11281, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofie Bäärnhielm
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Transcultural Centre, Region Stockholm, Solnavägen 4, 11365, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Osman F, Vixner L, Flacking R, Klingberg-Allvin M, Schön UK, Salari R. Impact of a culturally tailored parenting programme on the mental health of Somali parents and children living in Sweden: a longitudinal cohort study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045067. [PMID: 34413097 PMCID: PMC8378386 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the long-term impact (3-year follow-up) of a culturally tailored parenting support programme (Ladnaan) on the mental health of Somali-born parents and their children living in Sweden. METHODS In this longitudinal cohort study, Somali-born parents with children aged 11-16 were followed up 3 years after they had participated in the Ladnaan intervention. The Ladnaan intervention comprises two main components: societal information and the Connect parenting programme delivered using a culturally sensitive approach. It consists of 12 weekly group-based sessions each lasting 1-2 hours. The primary outcome was improved mental health in children, as measured by the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). The secondary outcome was improved mental health in parents, as measured by the General Health Questionnaire-12. Data were collected from the parent's perspective. RESULTS Of the 60 parents who were originally offered the intervention, 51 were included in this long-term follow-up. The one-way repeated measures (baseline to the 3-year follow-up) analysis of variance for the CBCL confirmed maintenance of all the treatment gains for children: total problem scores (95% CI 11.49 to 18.00, d=1.57), and externalising problems (95% CI 2.48 to 5.83, d=0.86). Similar results were observed for the parents' mental health (95% CI 0.40 to 3.11, d=0.46). CONCLUSION Positive changes in the mental health of Somali-born parents and their children were maintained 3 years after they had participated in a parenting support programme that was culturally tailored and specifically designed to address their needs. Our findings highlight the long-term potential benefits of these programmes in tackling mental health issues in immigrant families. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02114593.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatumo Osman
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Hogskolan Dalarna, Falun, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Vixner
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Hogskolan Dalarna, Falun, Sweden
| | - Renee Flacking
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Hogskolan Dalarna, Falun, Sweden
| | | | - Ulla-Karin Schön
- Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raziye Salari
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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26
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Kammogne CL, Marchand A. [Ethnicity and immigration status: How are they associated with work and depressive symptoms?]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2021; 69:145-153. [PMID: 33744031 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this research is to determine whether, in the Canadian workforce, cultural identity traits, particularly ethnicity and immigrant status, might modify the association of work with depressive symptoms. METHOD Data were derived from the nine cycles of the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) conducted by Statistics Canada. Based on a sample of 6477 workers, multilevel regression models were brought into being. Analyses were adjusted for family-related factors, non-work social support, and personal characteristics. RESULTS After accounting for potential confounders, ethnicity and work-related factors were distinctly and directly associated with depressive symptoms. Workers belonging to visible minorities had significantly fewer depressive symptoms than their Caucasian counterparts. Unlike Caucasians, they were more often overqualified, less in a position to use their skills, and largely without decision-making authority. On the other hand, all analyses having to do with immigrant status led to inconclusive results. CONCLUSION Ethnicity seems to have some bearing on the association of work with depressive symptoms among members of the Canadian workforce. It might be beneficial to carry out targeted interventions aimed at improving working conditions according to ethnicity and situations involving professional overqualification.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Kammogne
- The School of Industrial Relations, University of Montreal, Montréal (Quebec), Observatory on workplace health and well-being (OSMET), Pavillon Lionel-Groulx, École de relations industrielles CP 6128, H3C 3J7 Succursale Centre-ville Montréal QC, Canada.
| | - A Marchand
- The School of Industrial Relations, University of Montreal, Montreal (Quebec), Public health research institute of the University of Montreal, Montreal (Quebec), Pavillon Lionel-Groulx, École de relations industrielles CP 6128, H3C 3J7 Succursale Centre-ville Montréal QC, Canada
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27
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Wrede O, Löve J, Jonasson JM, Panneh M, Priebe G. Promoting mental health in migrants: a GHQ12-evaluation of a community health program in Sweden. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:262. [PMID: 33530971 PMCID: PMC7851926 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research increasingly highlight post-migration factors for migrants’ mental health status. We investigated the association between participation in a health promotion program and changes in migrants’ mental health, and if socio-demographic factors and length of time in the new home country, Sweden, influenced a potential association. Methods A five-week health promotion program named ‘Hälsostöd’ [Health Support], led by community health workers, was offered to migrants, primarily asylum seekers and newly arrived immigrants (N = 202). The framework for the program was salutogenic psycho-education, which focused on health effects of migration experiences, lifestyle and health, and the health care system. Mental health was measured at the start and end of the program. We analysed this follow up by using the recommended clinical cut off (i.e. > 11 of maximum 36, with higher scores indicating possible mental illness) in the 12- item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12). Chi Square test was used to analyse statistical significance of changes, and multinomial logistic regression to analyse associations to sociodemographic factors and length of stay in Sweden. Results The number of participants scoring above the clinical cut off after participation in the program (N = 79, 39.1%) was lower compared to the corresponding number before participation (N = 111, 55.0%), Chi Square = 10.17, p < .001. The majority of the participants had no change 72.3 (N = 146), 21.8% (N = 44) had a positive change, yet 5.9% (N = 12) had a negative change, compared to before participation in the program. None of the investigated sociodemographic factors showed to significantly influence the association. Length of stay in Sweden was trending, with participants with longer stay being more likely to have possible mental illness. Conclusion We conclude that psycho-educative programs, similar to ‘Hälsostöd’, have potential for promoting asylum seekers’ and newly arrived immigrants’ mental health as the evaluation showed a considerable number of positive changes in participants. The result suggests the importance of offering immigrants health promotive programs in close connection with arrival to the new home country. Future research should clarify under what circumstances sociodemographic factors influence the effects of such programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Wrede
- Crisis and Trauma Unit, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jesper Löve
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Junmei Miao Jonasson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mamtuti Panneh
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Priebe
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Osooli M, Ohlsson H, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in first- and second-generation immigrant children and adolescents: A nationwide cohort study in Sweden. J Psychosom Res 2021; 141:110330. [PMID: 33326861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the incidence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among immigrant children and adolescents is limited and results are mixed. The aim of this study was to compare the ADHD risk between first- and second-generation immigrants aged 4-16 years and their native peers in Sweden. METHODS This was an open nationwide retrospective cohort study. We included 1,902,526 native and 805,450 children and adolescents with an immigrant background, born 1987-2010, and aged 4-16 years at baseline. We identified participants using national population data and participants were observed until they received an ADHD diagnosis in the National Patient Register, turned 18 years, migrated, died, or until the end of the study, whichever came first. ADHD risks were adjusted for birth year and age and maternal income at baseline. RESULTS For both males and females, the ADHD risk was lower among most immigrant groups. However, the combination of a Swedish-born mother and foreign-born father was associated with an increased risk of ADHD. The ADHD risk varied substantially between immigrants from different regions of the world. For example, immigrants from other Scandinavian countries, North America, and Latin America and the Caribbean had higher rates of ADHD compared with natives. CONCLUSIONS Future research should examine the underlying factors behind the differences in ADHD risks between certain immigrant subgroups and natives, such as family structure, cultural and language barriers and potential differences in health care utilization among immigrant families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Osooli
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Ohlsson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Functional Pathology, Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), School of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Functional Pathology, Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), School of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
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Risk of labour market marginalisation among young refugees and non-refugee migrants with common mental disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1025-1034. [PMID: 33471136 PMCID: PMC8192389 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-02022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Labour market marginalisation (LMM), i.e. long-term unemployment (LTU), long-term sickness absence (LTSA) and disability pension (DP), among young individuals with common mental disorders (CMDs) are a challenge for the welfare system, and refugees and non-refugee migrants seem particularly vulnerable. The aim was to investigate the risk of LMM in young adults with CMDs among refugees and non-refugee migrants compared to Swedish-born individuals and the role of country of birth, duration of residence and age at arrival. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted including young adults (19-30 years) with inpatient or specialised outpatient healthcare due to CMDs and/or antidepressant prescriptions during 2009 (N = 69,515). Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals for the risk of LMM during 2010-2013. RESULTS Both refugees and non-refugee migrants had a higher risk of LTU compared to Swedish-born individuals (HR refugees: Africa: 2.4; Asia: 2.2; Europe outside EU25: 1.6; South America: 1.4) with highest estimates in refugees from Afghanistan and Syria. Refugees from Africa and Asia had a lower risk of LTSA compared to Swedish-born individuals (HR: 0.6 and 0.7, respectively), particularly refugees from Afghanistan and Iraq. Especially among refugees, a longer duration of residence and a younger age at arrival were associated with a lower risk of LTU. CONCLUSIONS The risk of LTU among refugees and non-refugee migrants was higher and the risk of LTSA was lower, compared to Swedish-born individuals. Duration of residence and age at arrival had an influence on the risk of LTU, particularly among refugees.
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Wu S, Renzaho AMN, Hall BJ, Shi L, Ling L, Chen W. Time-varying associations of pre-migration and post-migration stressors in refugees' mental health during resettlement: a longitudinal study in Australia. Lancet Psychiatry 2021; 8:36-47. [PMID: 33156999 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the time-varying association of pre-migration and post-migration stressors in refugees' mental health could help in designing tailored health promotion services at different resettlement stages and improving the efficiency of resource allocation. In this study, we explored these time-varying associations. METHODS We used data from the first four waves (October, 2013, to February, 2017) of a national refugee-based longitudinal study, the Building a New Life in Australia (BNLA) project. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and high risk of severe mental illness (HR-SMI) were used to assess mental health. The independent variables included the number of potentially traumatic events experienced during the pre-migration process, and a range of post-migration stressors. We used logistic regression models to analyse the relative importance of variables and time-varying associations between the pre-migration potentially traumatic events, post-migration resettlement stressors, and refugees' mental health. Analyses were stratified by gender, and sociodemographic covariates included age, marital status, education level, country of birth, and weekly income. RESULTS 2399 participants were surveyed in Wave 1 of the BNLA project in 2013-14, of whom 2009 (83·7%) responded in Wave 2 in 2014-15, 1894 (78·9%) in Wave 3 in 2015-16, and 1929 (80·4%) in Wave 4 in 2016-17. The three most important factors associated with mental health in each wave differed for male and female refugees, but the socioeconomic stressors of loneliness and adjustment to life in Australia were consistently prominent. Positive associations between socioeconomic stressors and mental ill-health were found for both genders, with a peak at Wave 2 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] among men, 1·60 [95% CI 1·26-2·03], p=0.0001 for PTSD; AOR 1·86 [1·35-2·55], p=0·0001 for HR-SMI; and among women, AOR 1·81 [1·27-2·57], p=0·0009 for PTSD; AOR 2·24 [1·49-3·38], p=0·0001 for HR-SMI). Associations between loneliness and mental health fluctuated, but were significant for both genders in Wave 4 (among men, AOR 1·90 [1·21-2·99], p=0·0051 for PTSD; AOR 3·70 [2·18-6·27], p<0·0001 for HR-SMI; and among women, AOR 3·65 [2·08-6·39], p<0·0001 for PTSD; AOR 3·68 [2·02-6·69], p<0·0001 for HR-SMI). The association between difficulties in adjustment to life in Australia and male refugees' mental ill-health increased continuously during the resettlement period. INTERPRETATION Gender-specific and time-sensitive services should be considered to improve refugees' mental health. For both genders, improved economic conditions that complement social security benefits deserve attention and are relevant throughout the resettlement process. At the later stage of resettlement, services to reduce loneliness could be carried out, and reducing stressors related to adjustment to life in the host country is especially needed for male refugees. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Wu
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Sun Yat-sen Centre for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Andre M N Renzaho
- School of Social Sciences, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian J Hall
- Sun Yat-sen Centre for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; New York University (Shanghai), Shanghai, China; Department of Health, Behaviour and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lishuo Shi
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Sun Yat-sen Centre for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Sun Yat-sen Centre for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Sun Yat-sen Centre for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; School of Social Sciences, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
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Leiler A, Wasteson E, Holmberg J, Bjärtå A. A Pilot Study of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention Delivered at Asylum Accommodation Centers-A Mixed Methods Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8953. [PMID: 33271975 PMCID: PMC7730684 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Asylum seekers suffer high levels of distress but have restricted access to mental health care. This paper constitutes an evaluation of a psycho-educational group intervention, called AMIN, which was provided at two asylum accommodation centers in Sweden. A mixed-methods approach was used. To assess potential effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility, quantitative outcome measures were combined with qualitative information from interviews with both intervention participants and staff providing the intervention. Potential effectiveness in reducing symptoms of distress and insomnia and in increasing physical quality of life was found, even though the intervention participants suffered from more severe distress than expected. In general, the intervention seemed to be acceptable to both participants and staff, with concrete strategies seeming more meaningful than abstract psychological techniques. Finally, regardless of the asylum process itself being a complicating factor, the intervention seemed feasible to deliver to individuals with different backgrounds and conditions. Taken together, these results indicate that some sessions may need further elaboration, but also that the transition to a randomized control trial is reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leiler
- Institution of Psychology and Social Work, Mid Sweden University, 831 25 Östersund, Sweden; (E.W.); (J.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Elisabet Wasteson
- Institution of Psychology and Social Work, Mid Sweden University, 831 25 Östersund, Sweden; (E.W.); (J.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Joanna Holmberg
- Institution of Psychology and Social Work, Mid Sweden University, 831 25 Östersund, Sweden; (E.W.); (J.H.); (A.B.)
- Region Örebro County, 703 54 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anna Bjärtå
- Institution of Psychology and Social Work, Mid Sweden University, 831 25 Östersund, Sweden; (E.W.); (J.H.); (A.B.)
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Strange M, Nilsson C, Zdravkovic S, Mangrio E. The Precision Health and Everyday Democracy (PHED) Project: Protocol for a Transdisciplinary Collaboration on Health Equity and the Role of Health in Society. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e17324. [PMID: 33252352 PMCID: PMC7735904 DOI: 10.2196/17324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The project “Precision Health and Everyday Democracy” (PHED) is a transdisciplinary partnership that combines a diverse range of perspectives necessary for understanding the increasingly complex societal role played by modern health care and medical research. The term “precision health” is being increasingly used to express the need for greater awareness of environmental and genomic characteristics that may lead to divergent health outcomes between different groups within a population. Enhancing awareness of diversity has parallels with calls for “health democracy” and greater patient-public participation within health care and medical research. Approaching health care in this way goes beyond a narrow focus on the societal determinants of health, since it requires considering health as a deliberative space, which occurs often at the banal or everyday level. As an initial empirical focus, PHED is directed toward the health needs of marginalized migrants (including refugees and asylum seekers, as well as migrants with temporary residency, often involving a legally or economically precarious situation) as vulnerable groups that are often overlooked by health care. Developing new transdisciplinary knowledge on these groups provides the potential to enhance their wellbeing and benefit the wider society through challenging the exclusions of these groups that create pockets of extreme ill-health, which, as we see with COVID-19, should be better understood as “acts of self-harm” for the wider negative impact on humanity. Objective We aim to establish and identify precision health strategies, as well as promote equal access to quality health care, drawing upon knowledge gained from studying the health care of marginalized migrants. Methods The project is based in Sweden at Malmö and Lund Universities. At the outset, the network activities do not require ethical approval where they will not involve data collection, since the purpose of PHED is to strengthen international research contacts, establish new research within precision strategies, and construct educational research activities for junior colleagues within academia. However, whenever new research is funded and started, ethical approval for that specific data collection will be sought. Results The PHED project has been funded from January 1, 2019. Results of the transdisciplinary collaboration will be disseminated via a series of international conferences, workshops, and web-based materials. To ensure the network project advances toward applied research, a major goal of dissemination is to produce tools for applied research, including information to enhance health accessibility for vulnerable communities, such as marginalized migrant populations in Sweden. Conclusions There is a need to identify tools to enable the prevention and treatment of a wide spectrum of health-related outcomes and their link to social as well as environmental issues. There is also a need to identify and investigate barriers to precision health based on democratic principles. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/17324
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Strange
- Department of Global Political Studies, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity & Welfare, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carol Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Slobodan Zdravkovic
- Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity & Welfare, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Care Sciences, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Mangrio
- Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity & Welfare, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Care Sciences, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Migration and Psychosis: Specificity and Burden on the Mental Health System in Italy. J Nerv Ment Dis 2020; 208:908-911. [PMID: 33105444 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, there has been a huge migratory flow to Italy. Migration is a risk factor for the development of psychopathology, especially psychosis and posttraumatic stress disorder. We aimed at investigating the burden and characteristics of psychotic features among immigrants in Lombardy, one of the most involved regions. A total of 7819 patients had at least one psychiatric appointment in 2013, 10.3% of them where immigrants. Patients from Africa showed a significant higher rate of psychosis, psychiatric onset, compulsory admissions, and number of professional appointments. Our result can confirm a cultural specificity of psychotic manifestations and their burden on the mental health system.
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Di Thiene D, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Rahman S, Wang M, Alexanderson K, Tiihonen J, La Torre G, Helgesson M. Trajectories of sickness absence, disability pension and unemployment in young immigrants with common mental disorders. Eur J Public Health 2020; 29:1055-1062. [PMID: 30929006 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims were to elucidate if trajectories of labour market marginalization (LMM), measured as sickness absence (SA)/disability pension (DP) or unemployment, differed between young immigrants and natives before and after an incident diagnosis of a common mental disorder (CMD), and to investigate if educational level, psychiatric comorbidity and duration of residence in Sweden (in immigrants) had different associations with subsequent LMM in natives compared with immigrants. METHODS A total of 28 971 young adults (19-30 years), with an incident CMD (inpatient or specialized outpatient healthcare due to CMDs or dispensed prescribed antidepressants during 2007) were included. Group-based trajectory models were utilized to identify trajectories of annual months of LMM 3 years before and 6 years after the diagnosis. The associations of risk factors with different trajectories were investigated by multinomial logistic regression, χ2-test and Nagelkerke R2 to measure the associations' strength. Immigrants were categorized into Western and non-Western immigrants. RESULTS Young natives and immigrants showed similar trajectories of SA/DP. A higher proportion of non-Western immigrants (20.5%) followed trajectories of high levels of unemployment (>2 annual months) compared with Western immigrants (15%) and natives (16.5%). Educational level and duration of residence in Sweden (in immigrants) discriminated trajectories of both SA/DP and unemployment, whereas psychiatric comorbidity only discriminated trajectories of SA/DP. CONCLUSIONS Differences in trajectories of unemployment between young natives and immigrants with an incident CMD were found. Educational level and psychiatric comorbidity provided information on differences between natives and immigrants and duration of residence gave information for subgroups of immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Di Thiene
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Rahman
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Wang
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Alexanderson
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Tiihonen
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - G La Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Helgesson
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Castaneda AE, Çilenti K, Rask S, Lilja E, Skogberg N, Kuusio H, Salama E, Lahti J, Elovainio M, Suvisaari J, Koskinen S, Koponen P. Migrants Are Underrepresented in Mental Health and Rehabilitation Services-Survey and Register-Based Findings of Russian, Somali, and Kurdish Origin Adults in Finland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176223. [PMID: 32867157 PMCID: PMC7504052 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that migration background increases the risk of mental ill health, but that problems exist in accessing healthcare services in people of migrant origin. The present study uses a combination of register- and survey-based data to examine mental health-related health service use in three migrant origin populations as well as the correspondence between the need and use of services. The data are from the Finnish Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study (Maamu), a comprehensive cross-sectional interview and a health examination survey. A random sample consisted of 5909 working-aged adults of Russian, Somali, and Kurdish origin of which 3000 were invited to participate in the survey and the rest were drawn for a register-based approach. Some of the mental health services, based on registers, were more prevalent in the Kurdish origin group in comparison with the general population and less prevalent in the Russian and Somali origin groups. All the migrant origin groups were underrepresented in rehabilitation services. When affective symptoms were taken into account, all the migrant origin groups were underrepresented in all of the services. This calls for actions to promote mental health, diminish the barriers to access services, and improve the service paths for migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu E. Castaneda
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (K.Ç.); (S.R.); (E.L.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (M.E.); (J.S.); (S.K.); (P.K.)
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-29-524-7848
| | - Katja Çilenti
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (K.Ç.); (S.R.); (E.L.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (M.E.); (J.S.); (S.K.); (P.K.)
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Shadia Rask
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (K.Ç.); (S.R.); (E.L.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (M.E.); (J.S.); (S.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Eero Lilja
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (K.Ç.); (S.R.); (E.L.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (M.E.); (J.S.); (S.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Natalia Skogberg
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (K.Ç.); (S.R.); (E.L.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (M.E.); (J.S.); (S.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Hannamaria Kuusio
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (K.Ç.); (S.R.); (E.L.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (M.E.); (J.S.); (S.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Essi Salama
- Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland & Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland;
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (K.Ç.); (S.R.); (E.L.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (M.E.); (J.S.); (S.K.); (P.K.)
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (K.Ç.); (S.R.); (E.L.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (M.E.); (J.S.); (S.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (K.Ç.); (S.R.); (E.L.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (M.E.); (J.S.); (S.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Päivikki Koponen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (K.Ç.); (S.R.); (E.L.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (M.E.); (J.S.); (S.K.); (P.K.)
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Hugelius K, Semrau M, Holmefur M. Perceived Needs Among Asylum Seekers in Sweden: A Mixed Methods Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4983. [PMID: 32664366 PMCID: PMC7399818 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17144983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The health and well-being of asylum seekers in high-income countries is a concern from both individual and community perspectives. This study aims to describe the perceived needs of adult asylum seekers in Sweden. A mixed methods study was conducted that combined a non-randomized descriptive cross-sectional assessment of perceived serious needs using the Humanitarian Emergency Settings Perceived Needs Scale (HESPER) Web with 85 adult asylum seekers and focus group discussions with 14 adult asylum seekers in Sweden. Descriptive and comparative statistics were used for the quantitative part, and thematic analysis for the qualitative part. The total number of perceived serious needs reported by respondents ranged from zero to 13 needs per person with a mean of four needs (SD 2.71). The most commonly perceived serious needs were related to income or livelihood, separation from loved ones, being displaced from home, distress, and concerns about accessing adequate health care services. Many of the perceived needs appeared to be related to experiences of being dependent, in limbo, and vulnerable. Addressing people's current perceived needs can contribute to resilience and well-being and therefore should be considered in health care systems that cater to immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hugelius
- School of Health Sciences, Orebro University, 70182 Orebro, Sweden
| | - Maya Semrau
- Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Marie Holmefur
- School of Health Sciences, Orebro University, 70182 Orebro, Sweden
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Lindegaard T, Seaton F, Halaj A, Berg M, Kashoush F, Barchini R, Ludvigsson M, Sarkohi A, Andersson G. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for depression and anxiety among Arabic-speaking individuals in Sweden: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther 2020; 50:47-66. [DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2020.1771414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Lindegaard
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Felicia Seaton
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Asala Halaj
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Matilda Berg
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fatima Kashoush
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Mikael Ludvigsson
- Department of Psychiatry in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics in Linköping, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ali Sarkohi
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Andersson
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kanamori M, Kondo N, Juarez S, Dunlavy A, Cederström A, Rostila M. Rural life and suicide: Does the effect of the community context vary by country of birth? A Swedish registry-based multilevel cohort study. Soc Sci Med 2020; 253:112958. [PMID: 32247941 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Contextual factors varying by residence in rural or urban areas may have different effects on the suicide of residents by nativity, but evidence on the urban-rural gap in suicide according to nativity is lacking. This study aims to evaluate the effect of cross-level interaction between nativity and rurality of residence on suicide risk, at two levels of aggregation (municipalities/neighborhoods). Study design was nationwide register-based cohort study in Sweden, 2011-2016. Participants were all residents 20 years or older. We calculated Incidence Rate Ratios comparing suicide incidence by nativity using three-level (individuals, neighborhoods, and municipalities) Poisson regression, stratified by gender. Among men, suicide incidences were the highest among those born in other Nordic countries, followed by those born in Sweden, other European countries, Middle Eastern countries, and the rest of the world. Residing in rural areas was associated with high IRR of suicide regardless of nativity, compared to residing in urban areas. When evaluating rurality at municipality level, we observed an increased suicide risk from living in rural areas in men born in other European (rural-urban ratio of nativity-specific IRRs: 1.39) and other Nordic (1.37) countries, followed by native Swedes (1.22). When evaluating rurality at neighborhood level, rurality was associated with increased suicide risk in men for all nativities, with the foreign-born showing higher risk than the Swedish-born. Individual sociodemographic characteristics explained the excess suicide risk in rural municipalities, but not the excess risk in rural neighborhoods. Among women, urban residents showed higher suicide incidence than rural residents. We found no consistent patterning of interaction with nativities among women. Foreign-born individuals residing in rural municipalities may have less access to economic resources and employment opportunities. Furthermore, ethnic discrimination, stigma, and exclusion from social networks and community may be more common in rural neighborhood contexts, leading to an increased risk of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Kanamori
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health and Social Behavior and Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Health and Social Behavior and Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Sol Juarez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Andrea Dunlavy
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Agneta Cederström
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Rostila
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Niederkrotenthaler T, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Mehlum L, Qin P, Björkenstam E. Previous suicide attempt and subsequent risk of re-attempt and suicide: Are there differences in immigrant subgroups compared to Swedish-born individuals? J Affect Disord 2020; 265:263-271. [PMID: 32090750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies investigating how suicide attempting refugees and non-refugee migrants differ from Swedish-born individuals in terms of re-attempts and suicide are missing. It remains unknown how mental disorders and labour market marginalization (LMM) impact on these associations. METHODS This longitudinal cohort study included Swedish residents aged 20-64 with suicide attempt in 2004-2012. In total, 42,684 individuals including 2017 refugees, and 2544 non-refugee migrants were included and followed until December 31, 2016. Risks of re-attempt and suicide were calculated as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and adjusted for important confounders. Stratified analyses were to assess if mental disorders or LMM modified these associations. RESULTS In the adjusted models, refugees had an adjusted HR (aHR) of suicide re-attempt of 0.74 (CI: 0.67-0.81), and an aHR of 0.67 (CI: 0.53-0.86) for suicide death. These estimates were very similar to those of non-refugee migrants. Refugees and non-refugee migrants with suicide attempt had a lower prevalence of specialised health care due to mental disorders compared to Swedish-born attempters (48%, 44% and 61%, respectively). Mental disorders and LMM in terms of long-term sickness absence and disability pension increased the risk of re-attempt and suicide in all three groups. LIMITATIONS Only suicide attempts and mental disorders resulting in specialized in-and outpatient care were registered. CONCLUSION Migrants show considerably lower risks of re-attempt and suicide than Swedish-born individuals, with no differences between migrant groups. Despite vast differences in the prevalence of specific mental disorders, the role of mental disorders in the pathways to re-attempt and suicide does not appear to differ considerably between these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Niederkrotenthaler
- Unit Suicide Research & Mental Health Promotion, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Mehlum
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 21, NO-0374 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ping Qin
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 21, NO-0374 Oslo, Norway
| | - Emma Björkenstam
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health and California Center for Population Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Spallek J, Scholaske L, Kurt M, Lindner-Matthes D, Entringer S. Intergenerational transmission of health disparities among Turkish-origin immigrants in Germany: study protocol of a multi-centric cohort study (BaBi-stress and BaBeK study). BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:158. [PMID: 32164606 PMCID: PMC7069210 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-2853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immigrants in Germany exhibit higher levels of social disadvantage when compared to the non-immigrated population. Turkish-origin immigrants constitute an important immigrant group in Germany and show disparities in some health domains that are evident from birth onwards. Several studies have shown the mechanisms by which social disadvantage is biologically embedded to affect health over the lifespan. Relatively little, however, is still known about if and how the maternal social situation is transmitted to the next generation. This study therefore aims to analyse the effects of maternal socioeconomic status and migration status on stress-related maternal-placental-fetal (MPF) biological processes during pregnancy on infant birth and health outcomes. METHODS This longitudinal cohort study of N = 144 child-mother dyads is located at two study sites in Germany and includes pregnant women of Turkish origin living in Germany as well as pregnant German women. During pregnancy, MPF stress biology markers from maternal blood and saliva samples, maternal socio-economic and migration-related information, medical risk variables and psychological well-being are assessed. After birth, infant anthropometric measures and developmental outcomes are assessed. The same measures will be assessed in and compared to Turkish pregnant women based on a collaboration with BABIP study in Istanbul. DISCUSSION This is the first study on intergenerational transmission of health disparities in Germany with a focus on women of Turkish-origin. The study faces similar risks of bias as other birth cohorts do. The study has implemented various measures, e.g. culturally sensitive recruitment strategies, attempt to recruit and follow-up as many pregnant women as possible independent of their social or cultural background. Nevertheless, the response rate among lower-educated families is lower. The possibility to compare results with a cohort from Turkey is a strength of this study. However, starting at different times and with slightly different recruitment strategies and designs may result in cohort effects and may affect comparability of the sub-cohorts. TRIAL REGISTRATION N.A. (Observational study, no clinical trial, no interventions on human participants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Spallek
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology, Universitätsplatz 1, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany.
| | - Laura Scholaske
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute for Medical Psychology, Luisenstr. 57, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Medlin Kurt
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology, Universitätsplatz 1, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Denise Lindner-Matthes
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology, Universitätsplatz 1, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute for Medical Psychology, Luisenstr. 57, Berlin, 10117, Germany
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Hultstrand JN, Tydén T, Målqvist M, Ragnar ME, Larsson M, Jonsson M. Foreign-born women’s lifestyle and health before and during early pregnancy in Sweden. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2020; 25:20-27. [DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2019.1706078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanja Tydén
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Målqvist
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Margareta Larsson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Jonsson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Mental Health Problems Among Adolescents in Sweden from 1995 to 2011: The Role of Immigrant Status and the Proportions of Immigrant Adolescents in Their Surrounding Community. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 22:232-239. [PMID: 31828484 PMCID: PMC7066274 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-019-00951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We compared the mental health of native and immigrant adolescents in Sweden from 1995 to 2011 and examined whether the municipality-level proportion of immigrant adolescents moderated the association between individual-level immigrant status and mental health. The sample (14,189 adolescents aged 15-16) was obtained from a repeated cross-sectional study conducted from 1995 to 2011. Adolescent self-report data (gender, immigrant status, economic situation, and mental health) and municipality-level data (proportion of immigrant adolescents) were used in multilevel linear regression analyses. Immigrant adolescents reported more mental health problems than their native Swedish peers. The long-term trend in mental health problems did not differ between the two groups. The association between individual immigrant status and mental health did not differ according to the municipality-level rate of immigrant adolescents. These findings highlight the need for public health attention to and efforts to address immigrant adolescents' mental health problems in Sweden.
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Straiton M, Corbett K, Hollander AC, Hauge LJ. Outpatient mental healthcare service use among women with migrant background in Norway: a national register study. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:944. [PMID: 31818291 PMCID: PMC6902575 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies show that migrant women are at greater risk of common mental disorders than the majority population, yet underrepresented in healthcare services. This study investigates the use of outpatient mental healthcare services over a five-year period among migrant and descendant women compared to majority women in Norway. METHODS Using linked national registry data, we selected all women resident in Norway between 2009 and 2013 (N = 1,834,822). We conducted generalised estimated equations with logistic regression to assess if the odds of using outpatient mental healthcare services differed for migrant and descendant women compared to majority women. We also conducted generalised estimated equations with negative binomial regression to calculate consultation incidence rate ratios for migrant and descendant women relative to majority women among those with a common mental disorder. RESULTS Both migrant and descendant women had lower odds (OR = 0.47 and OR = 0.60 respectively) of using outpatient mental healthcare services than majority women. Odds of using services increased with length of residency. We also found significant variation by country of origin. Among women with common mental disorders who had used services, migrants, but not descendants, had a lower consultation rate ratio than majority women. Analyses by region of origin revealed that this did not apply to women from EU European countries, North America and Australia and New Zealand. CONCLUSION Women with migrant background are, overall, underrepresented in OPMH services. Findings indicate that migrant women may not only experience barriers to seeking and accessing care but also in maintaining access to care. This may especially be the case for newly arrived migrant women and women from non-Western countries. Treatment may not be culturally adapted for these groups. Closer investigation of the barriers migrant women experience after using OPMH services is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Straiton
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, PO, Norway.
| | - Karina Corbett
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, PO, Norway
| | - Anna-Clara Hollander
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Public Health Epidemiology, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Johan Hauge
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, PO, Norway
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Mezuk B, Ohlsson H, Cederin K, Sundquist J, Kendler KS, Sundquist K. Immigrant enclaves and risk of drug involvement among asylum-seeking immigrants in Sweden: A quasi-experimental study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107666. [PMID: 31710993 PMCID: PMC7470170 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweden is a major host nation for asylum-seeking immigrants, and residential placement of these immigrants is an important policy concern. This quasi-experimental study estimated of the impact of being placed into an "immigrant enclave" on risk of officially-recognized drug involvement (ORDI) among asylum-seeking immigrants over a 15-year period. METHODS All data come from Swedish registries. The sample consisted of (a) asylum-seeking immigrants aged 5-35 years old at arrival (N = 51,017) that were subject to a nationwide policy (enforced 1987-1991) that dispersed asylum-seeking immigrants across municipalities, and (b) native-born Swedes aged 15 and older during this same period (N = 1,040,311). Neighborhood immigrant composition was quantified using the Reardon Index; residents of "immigrant enclave" neighborhoods (n = 960) were compared to residents of all other neighborhoods (n = 2,471). Cox proportional hazards models assessed the relationship between living in an enclave and risk of ORDI, identified by national registries, through 2015. RESULTS Overall, 29.7% of immigrants were assigned to, and 25.5% of Swedes lived in, an enclave. Cumulative incidence of ORDI in enclaves was 6.34% as compared to 6.89% in other neighborhoods. Immigrants living in an enclave had lower risk of ORDI (Hazard ratio (HR): 0.86, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.77 - 0.96). This protective association was marginally stronger in lower poverty areas. Native-born Swedes living in an enclave had higher risk of ORDI (HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03-1.08), a relationship that was exacerbated by neighborhood poverty. CONCLUSIONS Neighborhood immigrant composition is associated with risk of ORDI, with differential associations for immigrants and native-born populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Mezuk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | - Klas Cederin
- Health Sciences Centre, University of Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA USA
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Brandt L, Henssler J, Müller M, Wall S, Gabel D, Heinz A. Risk of Psychosis Among Refugees: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76:1133-1140. [PMID: 31411649 PMCID: PMC6694397 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This systematic review and meta-analysis is, to date, the first and most comprehensive to focus on the incidence of nonaffective psychoses among refugees. OBJECTIVE To assess the relative risk (RR) of incidence of nonaffective psychosis in refugees compared with the RR in the native population and nonrefugee migrants. DATA SOURCES PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase databases were searched for studies from January 1, 1977, to March 8, 2018, with no language restrictions (PROSPERO registration No. CRD42018106740). STUDY SELECTION Studies conducted in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Canada were selected by multiple independent reviewers. Inclusion criteria were (1) observation of refugee history in participants, (2) assessment of effect size and spread, (3) adjustment for sex, (4) definition of nonaffective psychosis according to standardized operationalized criteria, and (5) comparators were either nonrefugee migrants or the native population. Studies observing ethnic background only, with no explicit definition of refugee status, were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) and the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines were followed for extracting data and assessing data quality and validity as well as risk of bias of included studies. A random-effects model was created to pool the effect sizes of included studies. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome, formulated before data collection, was the pooled RR in refugees compared with the nonrefugee population. RESULTS Of the 4358 screened articles, 9 studies (0.2%) involving 540 000 refugees in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Canada were included in the analyses. The RR for nonaffective psychoses in refugees was 1.43 (95% CI, 1.00-2.05; I2 = 96.3%) compared with nonrefugee migrants. Analyses that were restricted to studies with low risk of bias had an RR of 1.39 (95% CI, 1.23-1.58; I2 = 0.0%) for refugees compared with nonrefugee migrants, 2.41 (95% CI, 1.51-3.85; I2 = 96.3%) for refugees compared with the native population, and 1.92 (95% CI, 1.02-3.62; I2 = 97.0%) for nonrefugee migrants compared with the native group. Exclusion of studies that defined refugee status not individually but only by country of origin resulted in an RR of 2.24 (95% CI, 1.12-4.49; I2 = 96.8%) for refugees compared with nonrefugee migrants and an RR of 3.26 (95% CI, 1.87-5.70; I2 = 97.6%) for refugees compared with the native group. In general, the RR of nonaffective psychosis was increased in refugees and nonrefugee migrants compared with the native population. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Refugee experience appeared to be an independent risk factor in developing nonaffective psychosis among refugees in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Canada. These findings suggest that applying the conclusions to non-Scandinavian countries should include a consideration of the characteristics of the native society and its specific interaction with the refugee population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Brandt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Henssler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Institute of Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephanie Wall
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Gabel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Berlin, Germany,Bernstein Center of Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
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Sengoelge M, Johnson-Singh CM, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Vaez M, Saboonchi F. Identifying subgroups of refugees from Syria resettled in Sweden based on multiple trauma exposures: A latent class analysis of trauma history and mental health outcomes. J Psychosom Res 2019; 125:109814. [PMID: 31470254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many refugees have been subjected to pre-migratory trauma. Evidence is needed to address the heterogeneity within refugee populations in regard to patterns of multiple trauma exposures. This study identified subgroups within a refugee population displaying different profiles of multiple trauma exposures and assessed sociodemographic predictors and differences in mental health symptom severity across these classes. METHODS Study population consisted of 1215 refugees from Syria resettled in Sweden. Latent class analysis 3-step method for modelling predictors and outcomes and a class-specific weighted multigroup approach were used to identify classes of refugees using self-reported data on violent and non-violent trauma exposures, sociodemographic variables and symptom severity scores for depression, anxiety and PTSD. RESULTS Three classes were identified: class 1 'multiple violent and non-violent trauma' (39.3%, n = 546); class 2 'witnessing violence and multiple non-violent trauma' (40.8%, n = 569); and class 3 'low multiple non-violent trauma' (20.1%, n = 281). Trauma exposure and gender significantly predicted class membership. Male gender and highest severity of mental ill health defined class 1. Female gender predicted higher mental ill health within classes 1 and 2. Across all three classes living with a partner was associated with lower severity of mental ill health regardless of trauma exposure classes. CONCLUSIONS There are distinct patterns within refugee populations concerning exposure to multiple trauma. Violence is a primary marker for higher likelihood of multiple trauma exposures and severity of mental health. Gender predisposes individuals to trauma exposure and its outcomes differentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Sengoelge
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Red Cross University College, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Charisse M Johnson-Singh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Red Cross University College, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marjan Vaez
- Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Red Cross University College, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Saboonchi
- Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Red Cross University College, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Florentin S, Rosca P, Raskin S, Bdolah-Abram T, Neumark Y. Psychiatric Hospitalizations of Chronic Psychotic Disorder Patients With and Without Dual Diagnosis, Israel, 1963-2016. J Dual Diagn 2019; 15:130-139. [PMID: 31079564 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2019.1609149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: A significant proportion of patients with severe mental illness also experience substance use disorder. For these dual diagnosis (DD) patients, treatment is more complicated and prognosis is worse. Despite the introduction of the Community Rehabilitation of Persons With Mental Health Disability Law in 2000 and ongoing national mental health reforms, psychiatric services in Israel are not meeting the needs of an increasing number of DD patients. This study examines, for the first time in Israel, the prevalence of DD and patterns of psychiatric hospitalizations of chronic psychotic disorder patients with and without substance use disorder. Methods: The National Psychiatric Case Registry provided data on 18,684 persons with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorders, aged 18-65, with a psychiatric hospitalization during the period 1963-2016 (with at least one hospitalization in 2010-15). Patients were considered as having DD if their substance use disorder was indicated in at least two, or 20%, of hospitalizations. Regression modeling predicted hospitalization measures (number of hospitalizations, total days hospitalized, length of stay). Results were also analyzed by legal status of admission (voluntary or involuntary; psychiatrist-ordered and court-ordered). Results: One-third of patients with chronic psychotic disorder met DD criteria, with a threefold higher rate among males (37.1%) than females (12.8%). Particularly high rates of DD (nearly 50%) were noted among male immigrants from Ethiopia. Compared with non-substance use disorder patients, DD patients had a significantly younger mean age at first hospitalization and shorter average length of stay per hospitalization but a greater number of hospitalizations and total hospital days (p < .0001 for all comparisons). The associations between DD status and hospitalization characteristics remained significant even after accounting for the effects of confounding factors. Hospitalization characteristics were also associated significantly with sex, population group, age, age at first hospitalization, and country of origin. The rate of court-ordered observation or hospitalization was threefold higher in the DD group. Conclusions: These findings, which broadly align with other countries, reflect a scarcity of outpatient services for DD patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and substance use disorder. To achieve long-term mental health improvements, an expansion of community-based integrative treatment and rehabilitation services is needed in Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Florentin
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - P Rosca
- Department for the Treatment of Substance Abuse, Ministry of Health , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem , Israel
| | - S Raskin
- Jerusalem Mental Health Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - T Bdolah-Abram
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Y Neumark
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health & Community Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , Israel
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Dunlavy AC, Juárez S, Toivanen S, Rostila M. Suicide risk among native- and foreign-origin persons in Sweden: a longitudinal examination of the role of unemployment status. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:579-590. [PMID: 30421040 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior research has documented an association between unemployment and elevated suicide risk. Yet, few Swedish studies have explicitly considered how such risk may vary by different migration background characteristics among persons of foreign-origin, who often experience diverse forms of labor market marginalization. This study examines the extent to which unemployment status may differentially influence suicide risk among the foreign-origin by generational status, region of origin, age at arrival, and duration of residence. METHODS Population-based registers were used to conduct a longitudinal, open cohort study of native-origin and foreign-origin Swedish residents of working age (25-64 years) from 1993 to 2008. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for suicide mortality were estimated using gender-stratified Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Elevated suicide risk observed among foreign-origin unemployed groups was generally of a similar or lower magnitude than that found in unemployed native-origin, although unemployed second-generation Swedish men demonstrated significantly greater (p < 0.05) excess risk of suicide than that observed among their native-origin counterparts. Unemployed foreign-born men with a younger age at arrival and longer duration of residence demonstrated an increased risk of suicide, while those who arrived as adults, and a shorter duration of residence did not show any increased risk. Among foreign-born women, excess suicide risk persisted regardless of age at arrival and duration of residence in the long-term unemployed. CONCLUSIONS Multiple migration background characteristics should be considered when examining relationships between employment status and suicide among the foreign-origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Dunlavy
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Sveavägen 160, Sveaplan, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sol Juárez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Sveavägen 160, Sveaplan, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Toivanen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Sveavägen 160, Sveaplan, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rostila
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Sveavägen 160, Sveaplan, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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Di Thiene D, Rahman S, Helgesson M, Wang M, Alexanderson K, Tiihonen J, La Torre G, Mittendorfer-Rutz E. Healthcare use among immigrants and natives in Sweden on disability pension, before and after changes of regulations. Eur J Public Health 2019; 28:445-451. [PMID: 29206997 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is limited knowledge regarding psychiatric healthcare utilization around the time of granting disability pension (DP) due to common mental disorders (CMD) among immigrants and if this is related to social insurance regulations. The aim was to evaluate patterns of psychiatric healthcare utilization before and after DP due to CMD among immigrants and natives. A second aim was to evaluate if such patterns differed before and after changes in social insurance regulations in Sweden in 2008. Methods All 28 354 individuals living in Sweden with incident DP due to CMD, before (2005-06; n = 24 298) or after (2009-10; n = 4056) changes in regulations of granting DP, were included. Patterns of psychiatric in- and specialized outpatient healthcare utilization during a 7-year window around DP granting were assessed by Generalized Estimating Equations estimating multivariate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Prevalence rates of psychiatric inpatient care were comparable among immigrants and natives, lower in non-Western immigrants (Africa, Asia and South-America). Three years after DP, non-Western immigrants in comparison to natives and Western immigrants had a stronger decrease in inpatient psychiatric healthcare: OR 0.48 (CI 0.38-0.62), 0.76 (0.70-0.83) and 1.01 (0.76-1.34), respectively. After 2008, a strong reduction in outpatient psychiatric healthcare after DP granting was observed, similarly in immigrants and natives. Conclusions Non-Western immigrants showed a different pattern of inpatient specialized healthcare after DP granting in comparison to natives. After changes in social insurance regulations, the decline in outpatient psychiatric healthcare following DP granting was comparable in immigrants and natives.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Di Thiene
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Rahman
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Helgesson
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Wang
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Alexanderson
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Tiihonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G La Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Purpose This study examined trends in the suicide rates of persons with foreign background in Japan. Methods Using the nationwide death records in the Vital Statistics of Japan, we first reported the age-adjusted suicide rates of 8 foreign nationals (Brazil, China, Korea, Peru, the Philippines, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States) in Japan by sex from 1980 to the mid-2010s. We also computed rate ratios to compare the suicide rate of each group with those of the Japanese population. Second, we focused on Koreans, who had the highest suicide rate in Japan. We compared the suicide rates of Koreans in Japan with Koreans in South Korea to examine whether their suicide rates were more closely related to those of their country of origin or those of their host country. Results We found that the suicide rates of Koreans and Chinese in Japan were similar to or higher than those of Japanese, while other groups tended to show lower suicide rates. Most notably, Koreans displayed consistently high suicide rates from 1980 to the mid-2010s, which were nearly twice as high as those of the Japanese population. Korean males and females in Japan had higher suicide rates than those in South Korea. Conclusions Immigrants in Japan were not necessarily influenced by the suicide rates of the host country. The high suicide rates among Korean residents in Japan might be explained by various disadvantages and adversities that they face in Japan.
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