1
|
Marzan MB, Callinan S, Livingston M, Jiang H. Dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and workplace absenteeism in Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:1773-1784. [PMID: 37517043 PMCID: PMC10947312 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Workplace absenteeism is a burden in Australia. The estimated productivity losses due to alcohol were around $4.0 billion in 2017, with absenteeism driving 90% of these costs. We aim to determine the dose-response relationship between average daily alcohol consumption and heavy episodic drinking (HED) frequency and workplace absenteeism amongst Australian workers. METHODS We used the 2019 National Drug Strategy Household Survey of Australian employed workers aged ≥20 years to 69 years old. Respondents' average daily alcohol consumption was categorised into four: abstainers, light to moderate (1-20 g of alcohol/day), risky (>20-40 g of alcohol/day) and high-risk (>40 g of alcohol/day). HED was classified into four frequency measures (never, less than monthly, monthly, weekly). The outcome variables came from dichotomised measures of: (i) absence due to alcohol consumption; and (ii) broader sickness absence-absence due to illness or injury in the previous 3 months. RESULTS Risky (adjusted odds ratio 4.74 [95% CI 2.93-7.64]) and high-risk drinking (adjusted odds ratio 6.61 [95% CI 4.10-10.68]) were linked to increased odds of alcohol-related absence. Higher HED frequency was significantly associated with alcohol-related and broader sickness absenteeism. No significant associations exist between regular alcohol consumption and broader sickness absence in fully adjusted models. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that only HED is linked to broader sickness absence. However, there is a strong dose-response association between alcohol consumption and alcohol-related absences for both consumption measures amongst Australian workers. Population-level policies that reduce alcohol consumption to moderate level and less frequent HED might address workplace absenteeism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Barrientos Marzan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne Medical SchoolUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Reproductive Epidemiology GroupMurdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneAustralia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- National Drug Research InstituteCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hamieh N, Airagnes G, Descatha A, Goldberg M, Limosin F, Roquelaure Y, Lemogne C, Zins M, Matta J. Atypical working hours are associated with tobacco, cannabis and alcohol use: longitudinal analyses from the CONSTANCES cohort. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1834. [PMID: 36175874 PMCID: PMC9523930 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined prospective associations between atypical working hours with subsequent tobacco, cannabis and alcohol use as well as sugar and fat consumption. METHODS In the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort, 47,288 men and 53,324 women currently employed included between 2012 and 2017 were annually followed for tobacco and cannabis use. Among them, 35,647 men and 39,767 women included between 2012 and 2016 were also followed for alcohol and sugar and fat consumption. Three indicators of atypical working hours were self-reported at baseline: working at night, weekend work and non-fixed working hours. Generalized linear models computed odds of substance use and sugar and fat consumption at follow-up according to atypical working hours at baseline while adjusting for sociodemographic factors, depression and baseline substance use when appropriate. RESULTS Working at night was associated with decreased smoking cessation and increased relapse in women [odds ratios (ORs) of 0.81 and 1.25], increased cannabis use in men [ORs from 1.46 to 1.54] and increased alcohol use [ORs from 1.12 to 1.14] in both men and women. Weekend work was associated with decreased smoking cessation in women [ORs from 0.89 to 0.90] and increased alcohol use in both men and women [ORs from 1.09 to 1.14]. Non-fixed hours were associated with decreased smoking cessation in women and increased relapse in men [ORs of 0.89 and 1.13] and increased alcohol use in both men and women [ORs from 1.12 to 1.19]. Overall, atypical working hours were associated with decreased sugar and fat consumption. CONCLUSIONS The potential role of atypical working hours on substance use should be considered by public health policy makers and clinicians in information and prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hamieh
- grid.7429.80000000121866389INSERM, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France
| | - Guillaume Airagnes
- grid.7429.80000000121866389INSERM, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Cité, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France ,grid.414093.b0000 0001 2183 5849AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Centre Ambulatoire d’Addictologie, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Alexis Descatha
- grid.411147.60000 0004 0472 0283Poison Control Center, Academic Hospital CHU Angers, F-49000 Angers, France ,grid.7252.20000 0001 2248 3363Univ Angers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire CHU Angers, Université de Rennes, INSERM, École des hautes études en santé publique, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail Irset UMR_S 1085, F-49000 Angers, France ,grid.512756.20000 0004 0370 4759Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, USA
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- grid.7429.80000000121866389INSERM, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Cité, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- grid.512035.0Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France ,grid.413885.30000 0000 9731 7223AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de psychiatrie et d’addictologie de l’adulte et du sujet âgé, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, F-912130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Yves Roquelaure
- grid.7252.20000 0001 2248 3363Univ Angers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire CHU Angers, Université de Rennes, INSERM, École des hautes études en santé publique, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail Irset UMR_S 1085, F-49000 Angers, France ,grid.7252.20000 0001 2248 3363University of Angers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, Université de Rennes, Centre de consultations de pathologie professionnelle et santé au travail, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- grid.512035.0Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France ,grid.411394.a0000 0001 2191 1995AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de Psychiatrie de l’adulte, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, F-75004 Paris, France
| | - Marie Zins
- grid.7429.80000000121866389INSERM, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Cité, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Joane Matta
- grid.7429.80000000121866389INSERM, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hashemi NS, Dalen I, Skogen JC, Sagvaag H, Gimeno Ruiz de Porras D, Aas RW. Do Differences in Drinking Attitudes and Alcohol-Related Problems Explain Differences in Sick Leave? A Multilevel Analysis of 95 Work Units Within 14 Companies From the WIRUS Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:817726. [PMID: 35712266 PMCID: PMC9194082 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.817726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systematic reviews have shown a strong relationship between alcohol consumption and sick leave. The effect of alcohol consumption on sick leave may, however, vary according to the work environment. While attitudes toward drinking may impact sick leave, there is little research on the contribution of drinking attitudes to sick leave. Moreover, alcohol-related problems and drinking attitudes may be influenced by the broader sociocultural contexts of the organizational units where people work. Objectives This study aimed to explore the relationship of alcohol-related problems and drinking attitudes with sick leave while considering the nesting of employees within working units within companies. Method Data from the WIRUS (Workplace Interventions preventing Risky alcohol Use and Sick leave) study were linked to company-registered sick leave data for 2,560 employees from 95 different work units in public (n = 9) and private companies (n = 5) in Norway. Three-level (employee, work unit, and company) negative binomial regression models were estimated to explore the 12-month prospective association of alcohol-related problems and drinking attitudes with four measures of sick leave (one-day, short-term, long-term, and overall sick leave days). Models were adjusted for gender, age, cohabitation status, educational attainment, work position, and employment sector. Results We observed higher variation of one-day, short-term, and overall sick leave days between companies than between work units within companies (15, 12, and 30% vs. 0, 5, and 8%, respectively). However, neither alcohol-related problems nor drinking attitudes were associated with sick leave and, thus, those variations in sick leave were not explained by alcohol-related problems or drinking attitudes. Conclusion Our findings suggest company-level differences are more important than within company differences when explaining differences in sick leave. While alcohol-related problems or drinking attitudes were not associated with sick leave, future studies may need to explore the role of company policies, practices, or social norms in variations in sick leave rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neda S Hashemi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ingvild Dalen
- Department of Research, Section of Biostatistics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Quality and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Hildegunn Sagvaag
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras
- Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health in San Antonio, The University of Texas Health Science at Houston, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Center for Research in Occupational Health (CiSAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Randi Wågø Aas
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
S. Hashemi N, Skogen JC, Sevic A, Thørrisen MM, Rimstad SL, Sagvaag H, Riper H, Aas RW. A systematic review and meta-analysis uncovering the relationship between alcohol consumption and sickness absence. When type of design, data, and sickness absence make a difference. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262458. [PMID: 35015789 PMCID: PMC8752011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Earlier research has revealed a strong relationship between alcohol use and sickness absence. The aim of this review was to explore and uncover this relationship by looking at differences in type of design (cross-sectional vs. longitudinal), type of data (self-reported vs. registered data), and type of sickness absence (long-term vs. short term). METHOD Six databases were searched through June 2020. Observational and experimental studies from 1980 to 2020, in English or Scandinavian languages reporting the results of the association between alcohol consumption and sickness absence among working population were included. Quality assessment, and statistical analysis focusing on differences in the likelihood of sickness absence on subgroup levels were performed on each association, not on each study. Differences in the likelihood of sickness absence were analyzed by means of meta-analysis. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018112078. RESULTS Fifty-nine studies (58% longitudinal) including 439,209 employees (min. 43, max. 77,746) from 15 countries were included. Most associations indicating positive and statistically significant results were based on longitudinal data (70%) and confirmed the strong/causal relationship between alcohol use and sickness absence. The meta-analysis included eight studies (ten samples). The increased risk for sickness absence was likely to be found in cross-sectional studies (OR: 8.28, 95% CI: 6.33-10.81), studies using self-reported absence data (OR: 5.16, 95% CI: 3.16-8.45), and those reporting short-term sickness absence (OR: 4.84, 95% CI: 2.73-8.60). CONCLUSION This review supports, but also challenges earlier evidence on the association between alcohol use and sickness absence. Certain types of design, data, and types of sickness absence may produce large effects. Hence, to investigate the actual association between alcohol and sickness absence, research should produce and review longitudinal designed studies using registry data and do subgroup analyses that cover and explain variability of this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neda S. Hashemi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- * E-mail: (NSH); , (RWA)
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Alcohol & Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Aleksandra Sevic
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mikkel Magnus Thørrisen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje Lill Rimstad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- West Norway Competence Centre (KoRus Stavanger)/Rogaland A-Centre, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Hildegunn Sagvaag
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Heleen Riper
- Department of Clinical, Neuro, & Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Research, Research Unit for Telepsychiatry and e-Mental Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Randi Wågø Aas
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail: (NSH); , (RWA)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hamieh N, Descatha A, Zins M, Goldberg M, Czernichow S, Hoertel N, Plessz M, Roquelaure Y, Limosin F, Lemogne C, Matta J, Airagnes G. Physical exertion at work and addictive behaviors: tobacco, cannabis, alcohol, sugar and fat consumption: longitudinal analyses in the CONSTANCES cohort. Sci Rep 2022; 12:661. [PMID: 35027592 PMCID: PMC8758679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the prospective association of physical exertion at work with subsequent tobacco, cannabis, alcohol use, and sugar and fat consumption. Volunteers of the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort currently employed were included from 2012 to 2017 for tobacco and cannabis outcomes (n = 100,612), and from 2012 to 2016 for alcohol and sugar and fat outcomes (n = 75,414). High level of physical exertion at work was defined as a score ≥ 12 at the Rating Perceived Exertion Borg scale. Substance use was self-reported and diet rich in sugar and fat was obtained from principal component analysis and analyzed as quartiles. Generalized linear models computed odds of substance use and sugar and fat consumption at follow-up according to baseline physical exertion at work, while adjusting for sociodemographic factors, depressive symptoms and baseline level of consumption. High physical exertion was associated with tobacco use with dose-dependent relationships. It was also associated with increased odds of cannabis use at least once per month compared to no use in the past and with increased odds of diet rich in sugar and fat. Hence, the role of physical exertion at work on tobacco and cannabis use and diet rich in sugar and fat should be tackled for information and prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hamieh
- INSERM, Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807, Villejuif, France.
| | - Alexis Descatha
- Poison Control Center, Academic Hospital CHU Angers, F-49000, Angers, France
- Univ Angers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire CHU Angers, Université de Rennes, INSERM, École des hautes études en santé publique, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail Irset UMR_S 1085, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Marie Zins
- INSERM, Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807, Villejuif, France
- Université de Paris, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- INSERM, Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807, Villejuif, France
- Université de Paris, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Czernichow
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Service de Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Hoertel
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de psychiatrie et d'addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, Issy-les-Moulineaux, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris, France
| | - Marie Plessz
- INRAE, Centre Maurice Halbwachs (ENS, EHESS, CNRS) UMR 8097, Paris, France
| | - Yves Roquelaure
- Poison Control Center, Academic Hospital CHU Angers, F-49000, Angers, France
- University of Angers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Université de Rennes, Centre de consultations de pathologie professionnelle et santé au travail, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de psychiatrie et d'addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, Issy-les-Moulineaux, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de Psychiatrie de l'adulte, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris, France
| | - Joane Matta
- INSERM, Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Guillaume Airagnes
- INSERM, Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807, Villejuif, France
- Université de Paris, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marzan M, Callinan S, Livingston M, Leggat G, Jiang H. Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis on the Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and Sickness Absence. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 57:47-57. [PMID: 33604615 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol consumption (AC) may cause workplace absence, but the findings of individual studies vary markedly. To date, no dose-response meta-analysis (DRMA) of the relationship between AC and sickness absence (SA) has been completed. This paper aims to estimate the dose-response relationship between AC and the risk of SA based on published observational studies. METHODS We used DRMA and modelling to investigate the effects of varying doses of AC (including heavy episodic drinking (HED)) onSA. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 21 studies (12 cohort studies and 9 cross-sectional). It showed that HED, risky (20-40 g of alcohol/day) and high-risk (>40 g of alcohol/day) drinkers had an elevated risk of SA when compared with light-to-moderate drinkers for both sexes. Those who abstained from alcohol had a higher risk of SA than those who drink moderately. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that risky, high-risk drinking and HED may increase the risk of absenteeism. The implementation of population-based strategies may be appropriate to address the burdens of alcohol-related SA. Additionally, economic evaluations of alcohol policies should incorporate their impacts on SA. However, the current literature has substantial limitations, relying on modestly designed studies from just a few settings and more studies are needed-especially those that measure abstention in more nuancedways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Marzan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Geoffrey Leggat
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.,Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute (NDRI), Curtin University, WA, Perth 6845, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Freyer-Adam J, Baumann S, Bischof G, John U, Gaertner B. Sick days in general hospital patients two years after brief alcohol intervention: Secondary outcomes from a randomized controlled trial. Prev Med 2020; 139:106106. [PMID: 32353573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the long-term impact of brief alcohol interventions (BAIs) on health and on sick days in particular. The aim was to investigate whether BAIs reduce sick days in general hospital patients over two years, and whether effects depend on how BAIs are delivered; either through in-person counseling (PE) or computer-generated written feedback (CO). To investigate this, secondary outcome data from a three-arm randomized controlled trial with 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month follow-ups were used. The sample included 960 patients (18-64 years) with at-risk alcohol use identified through systematic screening on 13 hospital wards. Patients with particularly severe alcohol problems were excluded. Participants were allocated to PE, CO and assessment only (AO). Both interventions were tailored according to behavior change theory and included three contacts. Self-reported number of sick days in the past 6 months was assessed at all time-points. A zero-inflated negative binomial latent growth model adjusted for socio-demographics, substance use related variables and medical department was calculated. In comparison to AO, PE (OR = 2.18, p = 0.047) and CO (OR = 2.08, p = 0.047) resulted in statistically significant increased odds of reporting no sick days 24 months later. Differences between PE and CO, and concerning sick days when any reported, were non-significant. This study provides evidence for the long-term efficacy of BAIs concerning health, and concerning sick days in particular. BAIs have the potential to reduce the occurrence of sick days over 2 years, independent of whether they are delivered through in-person counseling or computer-generated written feedback.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennis Freyer-Adam
- Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Sophie Baumann
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Institute of Social Medicine and Prevention, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Gallus Bischof
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Ulrich John
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Institute of Social Medicine and Prevention, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Beate Gaertner
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Virtanen M, Ervasti J, Head J, Oksanen T, Salo P, Pentti J, Kouvonen A, Väänänen A, Suominen S, Koskenvuo M, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, Zins M, Goldberg M, Kivimäki M. Lifestyle factors and risk of sickness absence from work: a multicohort study. LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 3:e545-e554. [PMID: 30409406 PMCID: PMC6220357 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(18)30201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Lifestyle factors influence the risk of morbidity and mortality, but the extent to which they are associated with employees' absence from work due to illness is unclear. We examined the relative contributions of smoking, alcohol consumption, high body-mass index, and low physical activity to diagnosis-specific sickness absence. Methods We did a multicohort study with individual-level data of participants of four cohorts from the UK, France, and Finland. Participants' responses to a lifestyle survey were linked to records of sickness absence episodes, typically lasting longer than 9 days; for each diagnostic category, the outcome was the total number of sickness absence days per year. We estimated the associations between lifestyle factors and sickness absence by calculating rate ratios for the number of sickness absence days per year and combining cohort-specific estimates with meta-analysis. The criteria for assessing the evidence included the strength of association, consistency across cohorts, robustness to adjustments and multiple testing, and impact assessment by use of population attributable fractions (PAF), with both internal lifestyle factor prevalence estimates and those obtained from European populations (PAFexternal). Findings For 74 296 participants, during 446 478 person-years at risk, the most common diagnoses for sickness absence were musculoskeletal diseases (70·9 days per 10 person-years), depressive disorders (26·5 days per 10 person-years), and external causes (such as injuries and poisonings; 12·8 days per 10 person-years). Being overweight (rate ratio [adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and chronic disease at baseline] 1·30, 95% CI 1·21–1·40; PAFexternal 8·9%) and low physical activity (1·23, 1·14–1·34; 7·8%) were associated with absences due to musculoskeletal diseases; heavy episodic drinking (1·90, 1·41–2·56; 15·2%), smoking (1·70, 1·42–2·03; 11·8%), low physical activity (1·67, 1·42–1·96; 19·8%), and obesity (1·38, 1·11–1·71; 5·6%) were associated with absences due to depressive disorders; heavy episodic drinking (1·64, 1·33–2·03; 11·3%), obesity (1·48, 1·27–1·72; 6·6%), smoking (1·35, 1·20–1·53; 6·3%), and being overweight (1·20, 1·08–1·33; 6·2%) were associated with absences due to external causes; obesity (1·82, 1·40–2·36; 11·0%) and smoking (1·60, 1·30–1·98; 10·3%) were associated with absences due to circulatory diseases; low physical activity (1·37, 1·25–1·49; 12·0%) and smoking (1·27, 1·16–1·40; 4·9%) were associated with absences due to respiratory diseases; and obesity (1·67, 1·34–2·07; 9·7%) was associated with absences due to digestive diseases. Interpretation Lifestyle factors are associated with sickness absence due to several diseases, but observational data cannot determine the nature of these associations. Future studies should investigate the cost-effectiveness of lifestyle interventions aimed at reducing sickness absence and the use of information on lifestyle for identifying groups at risk. Funding NordForsk, British Medical Research Council, Academy of Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, and Economic and Social Research Council.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Virtanen
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki and Turku, Finland.
| | - Jenni Ervasti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki and Turku, Finland
| | - Jenny Head
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tuula Oksanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki and Turku, Finland
| | - Paula Salo
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki and Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Kouvonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ari Väänänen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki and Turku, Finland; School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, University of Kent, UK
| | - Sakari Suominen
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie Zins
- Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit UMS 011, Villejuif, France; Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit UMS 011, Villejuif, France; Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK; Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In addition to acute health problems, various aspects of health behavior, work-related and sociodemographic factors have been shown to influence the rate of sickness absence. The aim of this study was to concomitantly examine factors known to have an association with absenteeism. We hypothesized the prevalence of chronic diseases being the most important factor associated with sickness absence. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Occupational health care in the region of Pori, Finland. SUBJECTS 671 municipal employees (89% females) with a mean age of 49 (SD 10) years. Information about the study subjects was gathered from medical records, by physical examination and questionnaires containing information about physical and mental health, health behavior, work-related and sociodemographic factors. The number of sickness absence days was obtained from the records of the city of Pori. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The relationship of absenteeism rate with sociodemographic, health- and work-related risk factors. RESULTS In the multivariate analysis, the mean number of chronic diseases (IRR 1.24, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.36), work ability (IRR 0.83, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.91), and length of years in education (IRR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.95) remained as independent factors associated with absenteeism. CONCLUSION According to our results, chronic diseases, self-perceived work ability and length of years in education are the most important determinants of the rate of sickness absence. This implies that among working-aged people the treatment of chronic medical conditions is also worth prioritizing, not only to prevent complications, but also to avoid sickness absences. KEY POINTS Various sociodemographic, health- and work- related risk factors have been shown to influence sickness absence. The study aimed to find the most important determinants of absenteeism among several known risk factors in Finnish municipal employees. Chronic diseases, self-perceived work ability and education years remained as the most important determinants of sickness absence rates. Treatment of chronic medical conditions should be prioritized in order to reduce sickness absence rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Vuorio
- Department of Family Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland;
- CONTACT Tiina Vuorio Department of Family Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Yleislääketiede, 20014 Turun yliopisto, Finland and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sakari Suominen
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;
- School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden;
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland;
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Päivi Korhonen
- Department of Family Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland;
- Health Center of Harjavalta, Central Satakunta Health Federation of Municipalities, Harjavalta, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vergés A, Ellingson JM, Schroder SA, Slutske WS, Sher KJ. Intensity of Daily Drinking and Its Relation to Alcohol Use Disorders. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1674-1683. [PMID: 29894003 PMCID: PMC6120766 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily drinking is an important public health concern and informative for evaluating diagnostic classification. In particular, daily binge drinkers might be considered as the prototype of some forms of alcoholism, as this drinking pattern may drive many alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms. However, daily drinking potentially captures a wide range of drinkers, including light-moderate daily drinkers who exhibit presumed control over their drinking behavior and might benefit from salutary effects on health. This study examined the heterogeneity of daily drinkers in detail. METHODS Data from the 2 waves of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions were used. Participants who reported drinking "every day" during the last 12 months were classified as daily drinkers. A series of regression and logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association between daily drinking and various outcomes. RESULTS Daily drinkers were found to vary considerably from each other with respect to diagnostic status, level of consumption, demographic composition, and a range of drinking and health correlates. Further, a substantial number of daily binge drinkers were not diagnosed with AUD under the DSM-IV or DSM-5, although in most groups, the DSM-5 criteria diagnosed a larger percentage of participants. CONCLUSIONS Daily drinkers represent a highly heterogeneous group, and the correlates of daily drinking depend on the usual quantity of daily drinks and the frequency of alcohol-related problems in a given sample. Moreover, AUD, defined both according to DSM-IV and DSM-5, did not capture more than 68% of daily binge drinkers. Given that daily binge drinking is an extremely high threshold for use, this finding may present a challenge for our current classification system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Vergés
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Psicología
| | | | | | - Wendy S. Slutske
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Department of Psychological Sciences
| | - Kenneth J. Sher
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Department of Psychological Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ervasti J, Kivimäki M, Head J, Goldberg M, Airagnes G, Pentti J, Oksanen T, Salo P, Suominen S, Jokela M, Vahtera J, Zins M, Virtanen M. Sociodemographic Differences Between Alcohol Use and Sickness Absence: Pooled Analysis of Four Cohort Studies. Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 53:95-103. [PMID: 29040353 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims We examined differences in sickness absence in relation to at-risk drinking and abstinence, taking into account potential changes in consumption. Methods We used individual-participant data (n = 46,514) from four prospective cohort studies from Finland, France and the UK. Participants responded to a survey on alcohol use at two time points 4-6 years apart, and were linked to records of sickness absence for an ~6-year follow-up after the latter survey. Abstainers were those reporting no alcohol use in either survey. At-risk drinkers at T1 were labelled as 'former', at-risk drinkers at T2 as 'current' and at-risk drinkers at both times as 'consistent' at-risk drinkers. The reference group was low-risk drinkers at both times. Study-specific analyses were stratified by sex and socioeconomic status (SES) and the estimates were pooled using meta-analysis. Results Among men (n = 17,285), abstainers (6%), former (5%), current (5%) and consistent (7%) at-risk drinkers had an increased risk of sickness absence compared with consistent low-risk drinkers (77%). Among women (n = 29,229), only abstainers (12%) had a higher risk of sickness absence compared to consistent low-risk drinkers (74%). After adjustment for lifestyle and health, abstaining from alcohol was associated with sickness absence among people with intermediate and high SES, but not among people with low SES. Conclusions The U-shaped alcohol use-sickness absence association is more consistent in men than women. Abstinence is a risk factor for sickness absence among people with higher rather than lower SES. Healthy worker effect and health selection may partly explain the observed differences. Short summary In a pooled analysis from four cohort studies from three European countries, we demonstrated a U-shaped association between alcohol use and sickness absence, particularly among men. Abstinence from alcohol was associated with increased sickness absenteeism among both sexes and across socioeconomic strata, except those with low SES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Ervasti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PB 40, 00032 TYÖTERVEYSLAITOS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PB 40, 00032 TYÖTERVEYSLAITOS, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK.,Clinicum, University of Helsinki, PB 63, 00014 Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenny Head
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Population-based Cohorts Unit, INSERM, 101, rue de Tolbiac, 75013 Paris, Villejuif, France.,French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Unit 1168 Aging and Chronic Diseases-Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, INSERM, 101, rue de Tolbiac, 75013 Paris, Villejuif, France
| | - Guillaume Airagnes
- Faculty of Medicine, Universite Paris Descartes, 15, rue de l'école de médecine, 75006 Paris, France.,Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, PB 63, 00014 Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Oksanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PB 40, 00032 TYÖTERVEYSLAITOS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Salo
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PB 40, 00032 TYÖTERVEYSLAITOS, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychology, University of Turku, 20014 Turun yliopisto, Finland
| | - Sakari Suominen
- University of Turku, Finland and University of Skövde, Box 408541 28 Skövde, Sweden
| | - Markus Jokela
- Medicum, University of Helsinki, PB 63, 00014 Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20014 TURUN YLIOPISTO, Turku, Finland
| | - Marie Zins
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Population-based Cohorts Unit, INSERM, 101, rue de Tolbiac, 75013 Paris, Villejuif, France.,French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Unit 1168 Aging and Chronic Diseases-Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, INSERM, 101, rue de Tolbiac, 75013 Paris, Villejuif, France.,University Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 47 boulevard Vauban 78280 Guyancourt, Paris, France
| | - Marianna Virtanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PB 40, 00032 TYÖTERVEYSLAITOS, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhu H, Gao Y, Zhang C, Zheng X. A Prospective Evaluation of Patient-Reported Opioid Utilization After Nonoperative Treatment of Fractures and Dislocations. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2018; 100:1177-1183. [PMID: 30020123 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.17.01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prescription of opioid analgesics is currently a common practice to relieve pain for musculoskeletal injuries in many regions of the world, especially in the United States and Canada. However, overprescription may underlie opioid misuse. Details on the utilization of prescribed opioids after nonoperative treatment of fractures and dislocations and whether consumption is related to injury location are unknown. METHODS A total of 1,513 consecutive patients in China who underwent nonoperative treatment of a fracture and/or dislocation and who were prescribed opioids were studied over a 3-month period. Demographic information, alcohol consumption, smoking status, injury location, volume of prescription, and consumption patterns were recorded and were summarized. RESULTS The mean number of opioid pills prescribed was 14.7, and the mean patient-reported number of pills consumed was 7.2. Overall, 152 patients (10.0%) reported taking no prescribed opioid analgesics, and 924 patients (61.1%) ceased their prescribed opioids prior to completing the regimen. Injury location, alcohol consumption, and type of fracture or dislocation were all significantly associated with the patient-reported number of opioid pills consumed (p < 0.05). Patients with fracture and/or dislocation of the wrist or forearm (9.4 pills for 3.8 days); ankle, tibia, or fibula (9.3 pills for 3.7 days); or elbow or humerus (9.1 pills for 3.7 days) used more opioid pills compared with patients with injuries at other locations (not exceeding 6.4 pills and 3 days). When compared with patients who had no, low, or moderate daily alcohol consumption, there was more opioid use in patients with high daily alcohol consumption (8.5 pills for 3.4 days) and those with very high daily alcohol consumption (11.3 pills for 4.7 days). Patients with a dislocation and/or displaced fracture reported consuming 8.2 pills for 3.3 days, which was more than the consumption in patients with a nondisplaced fracture (6.2 pills for 2.5 days) and patients with an avulsion fracture (6.2 pills for 2.5 days). CONCLUSIONS Surgeons and patients should try to avoid opioids if possible after nonoperatively treated fractures and dislocations. If opioids are used, surgeons should prescribe the smallest dose for the shortest time after considering the injury location and type of fracture or dislocation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchun Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyou Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ervasti J, Kivimäki M, Head J, Goldberg M, Airagnes G, Pentti J, Oksanen T, Salo P, Suominen S, Jokela M, Vahtera J, Zins M, Virtanen M. Sickness absence diagnoses among abstainers, low-risk drinkers and at-risk drinkers: consideration of the U-shaped association between alcohol use and sickness absence in four cohort studies. Addiction 2018; 113:1633-1642. [PMID: 29873143 PMCID: PMC6099368 DOI: 10.1111/add.14249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate differences in the strength and shape of associations between alcohol use and diagnosis-specific sickness absence. DESIGN A multi-cohort study. Participants (n = 47 520) responded to a survey on alcohol use at two time-points, and were linked to records of sickness absence. Diagnosis-specific sickness absence was followed for 4-7 years from the latter survey. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS From Finland, we had population cohort survey data from 1998 and 2003 and employee cohort survey data from 2000-02 and 2004. From France and the United Kingdom, we had employee cohort survey data from 1993 and 1997, and 1985-88 and 1991-94, respectively. MEASUREMENTS We used standard questionnaires to assess alcohol intake categorized into 0, 1-11 and > 11 units per week in women and 0, 1-34 and > 34 units per week in men. We identified groups with stable and changing alcohol use over time. We linked participants to records from sickness absence registers. Diagnoses of sickness absence were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases. Estimates were adjusted for sex, age, socio-economic status, smoking and body mass index. FINDINGS Women who reported drinking 1-11 units and men who reported drinking 1-34 units of alcohol per week in both surveys were the reference group. Compared with them, women and men who reported no alcohol use in either survey had a higher risk of sickness absence due to mental disorders [rate ratio = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22-1.88], musculoskeletal disorders (1.22, 95% CI = 1.06-1.41), diseases of the digestive system (1.35, 95% CI = 1.02-1.77) and diseases of the respiratory system (1.49, 95% CI = 1.29-1.72). Women who reported alcohol consumption of > 11 weekly units and men who reported alcohol consumption of > 34 units per week in both surveys were at increased risk of absence due to injury or poisoning (1.44, 95% CI = 1.13-1.83). CONCLUSIONS In Finland, France and the United Kingdom, people who report not drinking any alcohol on two occasions several years apart appear to have a higher prevalence of sickness absence from work with chronic somatic and mental illness diagnoses than those drinking below a risk threshold of 11 units per week for women and 34 units per week for men. Persistent at-risk drinking in Finland, France and the United Kingdom appears to be related to increased absence due to injury or poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Ervasti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational HealthHelsinkiFinland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational HealthHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity College LondonUK
- ClinicumUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jenny Head
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity College LondonUK
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Population‐based Cohorts UnitFrench National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)VillejuifFrance
- Research Unit 1168 Aging and Chronic Diseases—Epidemiological and Public Health ApproachesFrench National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)VillejuifFrance
- Université Paris DescartesSorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Guillaume Airagnes
- Université Paris DescartesSorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
- Department of Psychiatry and AddictologyAP‐HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris OuestParisFrance
| | | | - Tuula Oksanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational HealthHelsinkiFinland
| | - Paula Salo
- Finnish Institute of Occupational HealthHelsinkiFinland
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurkuFinland
| | | | | | - Jussi Vahtera
- University of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Marie Zins
- Population‐based Cohorts UnitFrench National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)VillejuifFrance
- Research Unit 1168 Aging and Chronic Diseases—Epidemiological and Public Health ApproachesFrench National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)VillejuifFrance
- Université Paris DescartesSorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Marianna Virtanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational HealthHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Public Health and Caring SciencesUniversity of UppsalaUppsalaSweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Airagnes G, Lemogne C, Goldberg M, Hoertel N, Roquelaure Y, Limosin F, Zins M. Job exposure to the public in relation with alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use: Findings from the CONSTANCES cohort study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196330. [PMID: 29715268 PMCID: PMC5929509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine the associations between job exposure to the public (e.g., customers, guests, users of a public service, patients) and alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use. Methods From the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort, 16,566 men and 17,426 women currently working were included between 2012 and 2016. They reported their exposure to the public (daily versus no daily), and among the daily exposed participants (10,323 men and 13,318 women), the frequency of stressful exposure (often versus rarely). Dependent variables were: chronic alcohol consumption (<1(1), 1-27(1–13), 28-42(14–28), >42(28) drinks per week in men(women)), heavy episodic drinking (never, at most once a month, more than once a month), alcohol use risk with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (mild, dangerous, problematic or dependence), tobacco use (non-smoker, former smoker, 1–9, 10–19, >19 cigarettes per day) and cannabis use (never, not in past year, less than once a month, once a month or more). Logistic regressions provided odds ratios of substance use, stratifying for gender and adjusting for sociodemographic confounders, depression, effort-reward imbalance and perceived health status. Results Exposed men had higher risks of alcohol (chronic alcohol consumption, heavy episodic drinking and alcohol use risk), tobacco and cannabis use. Exposed women had higher risks of tobacco and cannabis use. In men, stressful exposure was associated with increased risks of heavy episodic drinking, tobacco and cannabis use. In women, stressful exposure was associated with increased risks of chronic alcohol consumption, alcohol use risk, tobacco and cannabis use. All these findings remained significant in multivariable analyses, taking into account sociodemographic variables, depressive symptoms, perceived health status and effort-reward imbalance. Conclusions Interventions to reduce emotional job demand should systematically integrate assessment and prevention measures of addictive behaviors. Vulnerable workers may be offered more specific interventions to reduce the impact of exposure to the public on their substance use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Airagnes
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UMS 011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, Inserm, Villejuif, France
- UMR 1168, VIMA, Inserm, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- U 894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UMS 011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Nicolas Hoertel
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- U 894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Yves Roquelaure
- UMR 1085, Ester, Irest Inserm, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- U 894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Marie Zins
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UMS 011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, Inserm, Villejuif, France
- UMR 1168, VIMA, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kaila-Kangas L, Koskinen A, Leino-Arjas P, Virtanen M, Härkänen T, Lallukka T. Alcohol use and sickness absence due to all causes and mental- or musculoskeletal disorders: a nationally representative study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:152. [PMID: 29343233 PMCID: PMC5773150 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have not distinguished between different alcohol-use histories, which could have contributed to the current inconsistent evidence regarding the relationship between alcohol use and subsequent sickness absence. We thus examined alcohol use and subsequent diagnosis-specific sickness absence in groups with different levels of alcohol use, as well as in lifelong abstainers, former drinkers, and people with clinical alcohol use disorders. Methods The data of the population-based Health 2000 Survey (BRIF8901) of 3666 Finns aged 30–55 were linked with national registers on medically certified sickness absences lasting for > 10 working days (long-term) for all causes (2000 − 2010) and for mental or musculoskeletal disorders (2004-2010), as well as with registers on pensions and death (2000-2010). Alcohol use was assessed by questionnaire. Chronic somatic diseases were evaluated at baseline in a clinical examination, and common mental and alcohol use disorders using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Cox regression analyses were conducted with censoring for death and retirement from work. Results During an average 10-year follow-up, 56.0% of the participants had at least one long-term sickness absence period. Compared with light drinkers, those having an alcohol use disorder had increased risk of all-cause sickness absence (HR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.04 − 1.54) and sickness absence due to mental disorders (HR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.39 − 3.35), when somatic and mental disorders as well as demographic, lifestyle-related and occupational factors at baseline were accounted for. Lifelong abstainers did not differ from light drinkers. Also high-volume drinking (HR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.03 − 2.25) and former drinking (HR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.15 − 2.15) were associated with long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders. Alcohol use was not predictive of sickness absence due to musculoskeletal disorders. Conclusions These results highlight the need to distinguish between former drinking and lifelong abstinence, as only former drinking was associated with sickness absence. Alcohol use disorder and high-volume drinking were strongly predictive of sickness absence due to mental disorders. Identifying people with excessive alcohol use e.g. in occupational health care, and mapping and supporting their mental health may help in preventing sickness absences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leena Kaila-Kangas
- Work ability and working careers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PL 40, 00251, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Aki Koskinen
- Creating Solutions, Statistics and Health Economics Team, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Leino-Arjas
- Work ability and working careers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PL 40, 00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marianna Virtanen
- Work ability and working careers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PL 40, 00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Härkänen
- Department of Health, Functional Capacity and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Work ability and working careers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PL 40, 00251, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ervasti J, Kivimäki M, Pentti J, Halonen JI, Vahtera J, Virtanen M. Changes in drinking as predictors of changes in sickness absence: a case-crossover study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2017; 72:61-67. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2017-209777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundWe investigated whether changes in alcohol use predict changes in the risk of sickness absence in a case-crossover design.MethodsFinnish public sector employees were surveyed in 2000, 2004 and 2008 on alcohol use and covariates. Heavy drinking was defined as either a weekly intake that exceeded recommendations (12 units for women; 23 for men) or having an extreme drinking session. The responses were linked to national sickness absence registers. We analysed the within-person relative risk of change in the risk of sickness absence in relation to change in drinking. Case period refers to being sickness absent within 1 year of the survey and control period refers to not being sickness absent within 1 year of the survey.ResultsPeriods of heavy drinking were associated with increased odds of self-certified short-term (1–3 days) sickness absence (multivariable-adjusted OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.38 for all participants; 1.62, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.21 for men and 1.15, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.33 for women). A higher risk of short-term sickness absence was also observed after increase in drinking (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.52) and a lower risk was observed after decrease in drinking (OR=0.83, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.00). Both increase (OR=1.38, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.57) and decrease (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.43) in drinking were associated with increased risk of long-term (>9 days) medically certified all-cause sickness absence.ConclusionIncrease in drinking was related to increases in short-term and long-term sickness absences. Men and employees with a low socioeconomic position in particular seemed to be at risk.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu H, Zhu X, Zhang C, Zheng X. Risk Factors of Acute Hand Injuries in Manual Workers: A Case-control study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12208. [PMID: 28939902 PMCID: PMC5610230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors of hand injuries in manual workers. Total 1672 manual workers with acute hand injuries who visited our emergency department accompanied by their colleagues from 1 March 2014 to 1 March 2017 were included in this study. One accompanied colleague with identical work task was chosen randomly as control for each patient. The personal characteristics including gender, age, work experience, acute hand injury history, smoking and alcohol consumption were recorded and compared. Finally, we found the history of severe and multiple times of acute hand injuries, high and very high daily alcohol consumption, working experience from one to two years were risk factors for acute hand injuries in manual workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaozhong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xianyou Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| |
Collapse
|